ALGERIA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120007-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 13
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 25, 2013
• Sequence Number: 7
• Content Type: REPORT

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Table of Contents
A.147. ri a
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A. Deneral 1
B. rnviromental factors 2
2
2
2
2
2
2. Diseases of ant:rale 2
a. Most pryvalent animal diseases 3
(1) ,rhep poz 3
(2) Antnrax 3
(3) Brucellosis 3
(14) Rabies 4
(5) Protozmn parasitic diseases 4
(6) eysticereosis
(7) Fata pest
b. Other animal diseases
D. Veterinary organisation and administration
1. arilien
a. Orrani-mtion
b. Legal controls
(1) Limn:Km
(2) cistrantine
(3) Inspection
e. Profesional veterinary orgrtnitations
d. Veterinary research
Emerpency vetorinary services
2. Military vcterini,rians
E. Veterinary ranpower
F. Vetcrinary nedical facilities
G. Veterinary swriiel; and materials
H. lefi.rence data
I. Ccrafenta on ;rincipal s._xfrces
1. :valllatinn
1. Toporrapy and elimPte
2. ''ocio-economic factors
4.- Nutrition
c. Food sanitatior. storage and teehnolory
0. Diseases
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4
5
5
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6
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or scirrees n te irlortance) 9
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HIS 147 e Section IS
A. General
The French supervised \,-eterinery servicesi Algeria have Made little Prorrev:
the- eon-,rol or animal disecees or in the establishment of veterilsry public
hes3.th moue:res. Political disturbances in the past few years have resulted in
deterieratin of moieet post World War rx veterinary ecrvice developeolt. Livestock
owners, ere,!ominently nomadic &elves have neither sought nor suelcomed the efforts of
ten i nary err anisation to provide antes' diseatle preventive e* vices. The
mope of veteri,ary service to the Ettropeen colonist and the more mai Maned )osLes
liveetock producers has been considerably reduced since widespread terrortsm
lus confined activities to limited secure areas. Planned wearier: of animal disease
preventive pret:rane to include nomadic herds and Mae in the upper plateau and
r:saharan regions has never been achieved.
Although local veterinary biological sied pharmaceutical production he never
been adequate for Aleeriats SiOdetet requirementsa supplementary supplies are readily
available from France.
antarr superviaion aver food products of aninal oriein is designed to satiety
requirements for the Auropean C0138111W i's in the wijor metropolitan areas and the
limited export trade. Controls in other areas are lacking or at beat perfunctorilF
performed.
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B. Invironnentel facture
1. Topogrephy and climate Suitable land resouroes for efficient livestock
production are ertrenely restricted in Algeria. Most of the Country's livestook,
predominantly *beep and pets, t eonfined to the sparsely producttes Plateau or
ari n
d rangeland arean?Wg'W
2. Sacio.econemic factors -. The Moslem rural end nomadic popelati-In is interested
only in prrmiding a modest 'family requirement of animsl products* Neither unitary
Priparstion of food nor the efficient production of livestock products for trade are.
considered importact by this segment of the AL:erien community. The advanced
eoncepts of the European settler. ane a few progrenaive Moslems re?ardine aMmal
production efficieneyare applied only in a few accessible areasY
4. Nutrition
c, Yood sanitation, storage and technology Only five =Oar metropolitan
areas, Airier*, Oran, Constantin*, Dens, end Elide, carry out regular veterinary
supervieiva or inapectiA; of food products of animal. origin for loeal consumption or
exArt trade. Storage facilities are limited and retail distribution, except ift a few
Whops, is conducted ender extremely unsatisfactory eonditions. Attention to food sani.
tation in other areas is absent tonpletely nerleeted.
C. Diseases
2. Mimeses of animals
icerian livestock is afflicted with all of the serious animal disimmy CDU1402
throughout Worth arias. Control measures against ensootis diseases aLre eenerally
less effeetive in Algeria than in ottAr ereas of this reaion. &titular veterirery
services have scareely explored the snivel disease incidence nor the reservoirs of
.2.
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infections in the aajar livestock areas of the country.* VWrinary anima disease
control measures in the more accessible and highly developed livestock production
centers have not yet been develoi-ed to Vas extent of 'similar oroprams in oomparable
ares of Morocco.
large proportion of &Varian livestock is adversely affected by periodic
droueht, inclement weather and more or less constant nutritiomideficisocies. These
sonditione, added to the recurrent infectioas disease* and parasitic infestaWns, beim
pose a. heavy burden on :he productive espacity of native animals and prsetically
pavellude tle. introduction of hi-ter (Natty but more diastase susceptible 7viropean
ilyililyv
animal breeds.
a. Mat prevalent antral diseases
(1) sheep pox ? name peotis the 74ost serie livectock disease in
Aleeria. 1433111, are extensive ands while control of this disease is the primary
objective of Algerian veterinary authorities, less than 5 percent of the total sheep
population is immunized annually. This constitutes far too small a proportion of the
sweeptible stock for effective control. Moat pox also occurs and is probably a
much sore significant disease than available re?orte indisate.
(2) Anthrax ? Anthrax is evisootio in AUeria as in all North African
areas. No estimates of 'oases ars available and vaccination is practiced in only the
more valuable flocks sal herds.
(3) Brucellosis Brueenaselitenala infection in goats and sheep is known
to be widespread throghout North Africa. Little investigative work ha a been
accomplished in Algeria in relation to this diamaae, despite the feet that it is
obviously a serious humeri health problem.
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(4) Rabies - Rabies -is extremely prevalent in carnivores throuehout
Aleeria. Rabies prevention maser's are confined to the larger metropolitan areas
where approximately 30,0:0 dogs ere Nominated anntelly.
(5) ?eotosoon parasitig diseases - AneplAssetosis, piroplasmosis and
theileriasis !lave all been reported in Algeria. Altboiigh few details eonei-rning
the extent and seriouaness of these diseases are *mailable in Alceria, they are known
to be sources of mejor (economic low in the livestock inlestries of other coantries
of the region. Both cattle and sheep are effected end imported livestock are
xt. remay suzcentible.
(46)...seLie_sosie Vetieereosis is prevalent in cattle, camels, sheep
an4. coats. Pew, if any, prer,outions are taken in hendling and coneueption of meat
products to prevent diessminOtim of the infestation to either the heron or animal
popnlatien.
(7) Fowl pest - Fowl peat is reported widespremi in Algeria, but it
appears likely that Pseud* fowl pest Newcastle disease) mey also be present and
that **curate diagnosis le not consiatently carried out. In any event, these
diseases, perticelsrly when complicated with concurrent fowl pox, also coon,
reeelt in hih mortality.
b. Other animal diseases
Distomatosis, verminous bronchitis and taeniasie are serious livestock
infestations. BIacaeg, tetanus and enterotoxemia cause sporadic 10.7.oes. lthoneb
swine roder*t! is important only in the European sector, hog cholera and swine
yw
erysipelas occur coanly, resulting in heavy losses.yivvy
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COIsTIDEI:1 al}
D. Veterinary organisation and administration
1. Civilian
a. Or,anieation The f:;overnment Veterinary ffrvice is responsible to the
Director of the ;:*partitlent of Agricature through the kcricilltural Cwiwodities !--ervice.
The 4:rvioe for Livestock Develweent, the principal component of the novernment
Veterinary Service, directs the Animel Disease Investiiation (Sanitary Police) and
the Anieal Disease Prevention and Tievelmment units, The latter provi6ea central
and territorial inspection and diseaee prevention services es well as liveatoek
develoywnt and breeding centers. Laboratories for research and diagnostdic services
have established at the veterinary and sootechnical research etmtere of Mason.
'.;arree and troubS.
liNniApel Veterinary errIces for inspection and sanitary supervision of live-
stock products exist to Algiers, Oran, Constantine, Bone, Blida, and Maison..Carres
sad *re full4ime operations. In other areas superficial inspection is esrried out
by regional Government Veterinary Service employee* and private practitienersvon a ?
parttime basis.
The Pasteur Institute in /driers, an autonomous institution, .supplies the hulk
of the country os veterinary biological requirements en 4 has sufficient veterinary
staff to conduct some animal disease investigation and detach a Werinarisn to one
of the goverment institutea.
The livestock economic con6itions in Aleeria prevent the development of
large-scale private veterinery practice angle*. A fop vettrinarians do operate
practices in the major municipalities and conduct some work among the advanced
Vbfilgia/S/
livestoek producing fares.
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b. Legal controls
(1) Licensor, -e A diploma from a ?rence veterinary college is required
fo. ter1ry anaployeent or emetic. in Au aria.
(2) suerentine -- There fell:Me importation of livestook into apart&
except for a few breeling anintAiss Such enimale nmat be ivcoopanied by health
certification and are renerally held at breeding stations or a ereveribed period.
eV pi ele_2/
Port inepection facilities are Taintained at Oran and Algiers.
(3) InsPoction VeUriniATY inspection within the efficislly desienated
municipalities is superficial and virtually no inspoction it porgormed in other
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smaller munici;Alitise or rural areas.
c. Profcmionel voterimare oryanisations The Society of Veterinarians and
technicians (iociete Veterintire de Zectechnie), which includes nearly all of the
veterinarians in eVerias littlish*i a quarterly Thzflettn inteneed to brine current
Wtd
veterinary material to the wtention of its members.
d. Veterinary research -- Very little effective veterinary research has
been accomplished in Alreria. The emphasis in research he been grterily directed
toward improved animal breeding, but results have not been outstandiag nor applied
beyond the povornmftnt breeding stations or better herds or flocks near the
Mediterrancen coastal area.
f.Emerrency veterinary services -- There is eo evidence indicatine the
existence of elanned emereency veterinary services. The recent terrorist outbreaks and
withdrewal of veterinarians free many areas have reduced the capability of the veterinary
service to effeotiv-ly handle critical animal disease outbreaks.
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_1. LAI
2. Military veterimrions
French military veterimer ans at ached to military units in a fete areas are
resi.onsible for routine remount serTice duties, some inspection of troop food supply,
and a
lilted amount of laboratory inwatitation of animal diseases possibly
coAmunicable to xxsonnel of the armed forces,
E. Veterinary manpower
About 140 qualified veterinarians arti, active in Alreria. .thile this veterinary
force is rot larFt in reacect to the livestoek population, affective utilisation of
sordinate technical f;ersonnel would ordinarily mak* control of animal diseases
reev.onably adequate. Difficult environmental, t,-ansportation, &Ili social conditions
have icterfermi -with the development of efficient animal discs*, control procrams,
Te entire veterinary tatej oririnatea from French veterinary colleges. A fee
technicians and veterinary assistants are locally trained in agricultural schools
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or sooteehnical centers.
F. %Urinary medical fAcilities
Tho Pasteur Institute of Algeria (Institut iesteur D'Algeris), Algiers
(36-47 - 3-03 0, maintains veterinary elections responsible for animal disease
investitation, diagnosis, and production. The laboratory facilities
devoted to veterinary problems are reazonably adequate. )bet of the country's
veterinary biological requirements art- produced at this Institute. Researsh
accomplishment* have not been significant*
The Institute of Agriculture for Algeria (Institut *erica* de Algerie),
MO1504.0381M0 (3643 N ... 3-081), includes **technical and veterinAry laboratories
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considered the principal veterin;,ry research unit in Algeria. However, the chief
research activity is apparently devoted to enimal huobandry. In addition, the
Agriculture Institute supervises Immoral experimental breeding etations.
The Livestock Produettm ,iervica bes establishedaLivestock Breedine nation at
troubs (3646 P - 642 Deoartment of Constantine. This, like the Waerinent
:tationa of the iculture Institute, function's primarily' an an animal husbendry
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unit.
U. Veterinery supplies and materials
The Pasteur Inatiute in A44ers is the primery source of veterinery biologicals
for snival disease inveetiEetion and control. In central, the annual vaccine and sera
production of the veterinary section of this Institute considerably exceeda the aunt
applied in field disease investivation or control. A certain amount of biologicals
not rertlxrly required are imported from Prince. &number of commercial firms, in
most instances French branch companies or mlesentatives, import and distribute
veterinary pharmsesatieals and entibiotios. The failure to devAop an effective animal
diem* prevention or control program as a result of adverse economic, social wet
topographical conditions, has limited the wide apPlication of veterinery products.
Lack of vetertnarf medical slaw* is essentially a regional distribution problems
alteough an occasional shortage of infrequently required products may.
WilY2/15/
occur.
K. Reference data
No graphics or charts are included in this contribution.
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Comments on principal sourcee
. ? .
.l. Evaluation -? Information on veterinary problems yes reasonably adequate as -
late as 1956. The political di:meanies arising after 1956 obvioualreurtailed -
? veterinary activities, and the inilvence on the animal -disease incidence or the
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effectiveness of veterinary sanitary measures cannot be accurately assessed currently.
French and Algerian veterinary or agricultural publications provide informs- -
tion on the :organisation end deployment of veterinary services, the'extent-of disease
inveitigation and the volume of biological production. Information on the character
and purpose or research is vague. United States Covernmsnt live,tock and sgri=itural
despatcheefarnieh evidence of the effect ofthe political (strife =development of ,
'...the livestock industry.
. List of sources (in orier of importance)
?
1. Jore &Weep, F. "Organisation des services itrinaires.en Algfrie"
(Organisation of Veterinary Services in Algeria). Bulletin de .11Offiee-
' International-des Episootie. (Vulletin of the International OffEre? 7--
--"Apisooties). vol. LU, nos.-5-6. Paris. May-June 1954. (Unclassified)
2. Archives diLlinstitut Pasteur Di erie (Archive S of the
Pisteur-fnsti o - # no r September 1958.
(Unclassified)
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3. . .Algerie 54 (Algeria 1954). Special issue of the Monthly
Cmoraeas gnuyelopedia. Faris. 1954. (thclassified)
4. Rasp Henrietta I. The -.. cultural co.... of Alreria. FAS4t-38.
Dtpartment of _Agri ure gn ? o. -m-1e.
Washington, D. C. July 1958. -9(Unclaimified)
5. Gagne, Jean. Liticerie Pastorale (Algerian Agriculture). Algiers. 1954.
(Vnclaslified)
6. United Nations, Ft.cd and tgricultnre Orfanieation/Ctfice of International;
Epizootic.. Animal Health Tearbook 1958. Mnme. 1959. (Unclassified)
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