THE UNITED STATES NAVAL WAR COLLEGE CATALOG OF COURSES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80M01009A001402450026-6
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 38
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 9, 2013
• Sequence Number: 26
• Publication Date: January 1, 1954
• Content Type: MISC

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THE UNITED STATES
NAVAL WAR COLLEGE
CATALOG OF COURSES
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August 13
August 20
Dec 17 - Jan 3
May 7 - 20
ACADEMIC CALENDAR
1954-1955
Non-naval students report.
Naval students report. Courses begin
Christmas recess.
Reserve Officers' Course in Combat Staff
Techniques and Operational Planning.
May 28 - June 10 Senior Reserve Officers' Course.
June 6 - 10 Global Strategy Discussions
June 15 Graduation
August 12
August 19
Dec 16 - Jan 2
May 5 - 18
May 26 - June 8
June 4 - 8
June 13
1955-1956
Non-naval students report.
Naval students report. Courses begin.
Christmas. recess
Reserve Officers' Course in Combat Staff
Techniques and Operational Planning.
Senior Reserve Officers' Course.
Global Strategy Discussions.
Graduation.
/1
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,osof WA AWN
SCURINtRI II
II .8. I I
FOREWORD
The purpose of this Catalog is to promote among the
officers of the naval service, and officers of the other services
who are interested, a general understanding and appreciation
of the work of the United States Naval War College.
The scope and complexity of warfare today make it
essential that officers maintain their orientation among the
numerous complicated factors involved by building a solid
understanding of the fundamentals of warfare. They must
understand warfare in its broad historical setting and learn
to interpret the lessons of history in the light of modern trends.
They must understand thoroughly the interrelationship of the
military and the non-military factors -- political, economic,
and sociological -- which affect the success of the nation in
its pursuit of its aims.
The Naval War College provides the means for officers
to increase their professional knowledge and to meet these es-
sential requirements in order that they may most intelligently
discharge their responsibilities in the service of their country.
19.
LYNDE D. McCORMICK
Vice Admiral, U. S. N.
President, Naval War College
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12O
NIZZaDal
CAlkINI2hVIDA
latIthVIDnAl Taa2ICADTIne
hithaMilt V12211DEA
(=Main
Course of Advanced Study in
Strategy and Sea Power
Flag Officers' Refresher Course
The Course in Naval Warfare
First Year
Second Year
The Command and Staff Course
Correspondence Courses
atZ1h2taa Tht111111112,29
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EXTERNAL JURISDICTION
The Chief of Naval Operations exercises that specialized
or professional guidance needed by the Naval War College to per-
form its primary function. All matters pertaining to the curricu-
him, future plans, and war studies may be referred directly to
the Chief of Naval Operations by the President of the Naval War
College.
The Chief of Naval Personnel has cognizance of adminis-
trative matters such as fiscal affairs, logistic support, and
persoruiel.
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LUJ
To further an understanding of the fundamentals of
warfare, with emphasis on their application to future naval
warfare, in order to prepare officers for higher command.
OBJECTIVES
The Naval War College has, derived from the mission,
three objectives:
To increase each officer's knowledge of
the fundamentals of warfare, and of other related
subjects which contribute to an understanding of war-
fare.
To improve each officer's ability to re-
late this knowledge to the solution of problems.
To provide intellectual leadership in
the field of sea power and maritime strategy, for
the armed services and for the United States of
America.
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STUDENT BODY
The Naval War College conducts resident courses of
instruction for officers of the regular Navy ranging in rank
from lieutenant commander to flag officer, for limited numbers
of officers of comparable seniority from the other armed ser-
vices, and for representatives from certain civilian agencies
of the government.
The Naval War College also provides correspondence
courses for regular and reserve naval officers of and above
the rank of lieutenant (junior grade), and for officers, regular
and reserve, of corresponding rank from the Marine Corps,
Army, Air Force, and Coast Guard.
P.
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Naval War College Staff
Under the direction of the President of the Naval War
College, the Chief of Staff supervises and coordinates the work
of the several departments into which the College is administra-
tively divided. He also reviews and coordinates the academic
and military policies under which the various courses of study
are conducted. He is assisted in these duties by the Academic
Plans Section. The Army, Air Force and State Department
advisors provide inter-service liaison and guidance on those
portions of the curriculum which pertain to the roles of their
respective services.
The Civilian Staff, including the Ernest J. King Chair
of Maritime History, the Chester W. Nimitz Chair of Social and
Political Philosophy, and chairs of International Law and Physi-
cal Science, assists in the conduct of curricula within individual
competences. The Civilian Staff is augmented from time to time
by Academic Consultants in temporary residence.
The Strategy and Tactics, Strategy and Logistics, and
Intelligence Departments are jointly charged with the conduct of
the Course in Naval Warfare, the Flag Officers' Refresher Course,
and the Senior Reserve Officers' Course. The Command and Staff
Department conducts the Command and Staff Course and the Reserve
Officers' course in C ombat Staff Techniques and Operational Plan-
ning. The Correspondence Courses Department, and the Staff
Member of the Course of Advanced Study of Strategy and Sea Power,
each conduct courses corresponding to their titles.
The Research and Analysis Department conducts opera-
tional and logistic research as required in support of Naval War
College curricula, and maintains liaison with other research and
analysis agencies as appropriate.
The Administration Department, headed by the Secretary
of the Naval War College, performs all administrative duties not
directly related to academic matters, so that the academic de-
partments may devote their attention to educational matters.
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Naval War Cortege Orjanization- Chart
WW II BATTLE
EVALUATION
ARMY ADVISOR
AIR FORCE
FORCE
ADVISOR
STATE DEPT.
ADVISOR
CIVILIAN
STAFF
PRESIDENT
CHIEF OF STAFF
ACADEMIC PLANS
AIDE
ADMINIS-
TRATION
HRESEARCH AND
ANALYSIS
ADVANCED STUDY IN
STRATEGY a SEA POWER
ACADEMIC
DEPTS.
INTELLIGENCE
STRATEGY AND
TACTICS
STRATEGY AND
LOGISTICS
COMMAND AND
STAFF
NAVAL WARFARE
COMMAND AND
COURSES
COURSE
STAFF COURSE
FLAG OFFICERS
RESERVE OFFICER'S
REFRESHER
COURSE IN COMBAT
COURSE
STAFF TECHNIQUES
SENIOR RESERVE
AND OPERATIONAL
OFFICERS' COURSE
PLANNING
54-28.
CORRESPONDENCE
COURSES
_
COURSES IN
STRATEGY AND
TACTICS
OPERATIONAL PLAN-
MING & STAFF OR-
GANIZATION
LOGISTICS
INTERNATIONAL
LAW
ADVANCED INTER
NATIONAL LAW
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VCC VI
laa1oo Mr
The art and science of modern warfare is an extremely
complex web of political, economic, social and military factors.
Analysis of wars of the past has shown that there are certain
fundamentals, both military and non-military, which have been
common to all. The application of these fundamentals to a
particular set of circumstances is an art, often employing
scientific methods, and no single exclusive solution to a stra-
tegic problem exists. There may be, in fact, many acceptable
solutions to such a problem, no one of which can be proven to
be best even, perhaps, by the supreme test of war. The Naval
War College therefore advocates no fixed set of rules by which
wars may be conducted or battles won. Instead, through the
consideration of many possible solutions to a problem and
through the careful weighing of the advantages and disadvantages
of each, the Naval War College seeks to further an understanding
of the fundamentals involved so that the individual may be better
prepared to employ them in an actual situation of the future.
It is essential for a naval officer in high command to
have a thorough understanding, not only of his own service,
but also of the interrelations of the political, economic, social
and military factors of national, military and naval strategy.
To accomplish this understanding, the courses at the Naval War
College include study of the various types of naval forces and
their operations, of the integrated employment of the elements
of naval power in the accomplishment of the navyls missions,
and of the strategic employment of sea and naval power in the
furtherance of national objectives. These studies, of matters
largely naval in character, are developed in relation to a com-
plementary background of the non-military elements of national
power. The end in view is that the graduate may assume duties
in high command with a full appreciation of the national objec-
tives and of the material and spiritual resources of the United
States.
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EDUCATIONAL POLICY
The primary functions of a high commander are to make
sound military decisions and to provide the benefits of military
education and experience to the formulation of national strategy.
His basic requirement in performing these functions is good
judgment - the ability to analyze a complex military situation,
to weigh factors, and to choose soundly. Education is the culti-
vation of good judgment; it is preparation for dealing with novel
situations in which no precedents exist.
It is the educational policy of the Naval War College to
devote principal emphasis to the promotion of the good judgment
and intellectual leadership expected of a naval officer in high
command.
STUDENT - STAFF RELATIONS
Since the founding of the Naval War College in 1884,
the maturity and motivation of its students has permitted the
use of the effective principle of learning by individual initia-
tive. The College provides the student with a vast amount of
informative and interpretive material on the many subjects
involved in and related to the conduct of modern warfare, but
no official dogma, doctrine or accepted solution is presented
or advocated. The search for guiding principles is a joint
effort of staff and students; no teacher-pupil relation exists.
Every constructive approach to military problems is given
the most searching and open-minded appraisal, and the con-
clusions and concepts arrived at are those of the individual.
In developing and organizing their thoughts, students
are encouraged to exchange ideas and conclusions with each
other and with members of the staff. In this way each may
share in the wealth of knowledge reposing in the staff and
student body as a whole, whose members are not only naval
line and staff officers, but also officers from the other mili-
tary services and representatives of the State Department and
other civilian agencies.
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ME111
The subjects studied at the Naval War College are ?
those required in the sound exercise of naval command;
these are essentially strategy (including the political, social,
economic and military factors of national strategy), tactics
and logistics. These are not separate subjects; strategy and
tactics merge into each other, and logistics is an essential
and major part of both. All resident courses at the Naval
War College include all three with emphasis determined by
the needs of the naval commander and the mission of the in-
dividual course.
The curricula are executed by an integrated system of
studies and related specific applications. Study in the form of
reading, lectures and group discussions is complemented by
application in the form of individual papers, group projects,
and Operations Problems. Much of the application is simul-
taneous with the related study, in order to fix principles learned
by prompt application in proper context. A general description
of the academic methods used is given in the following paragraphs.
READING
The student officer at the Naval War College has an
opportunity, perhaps for the first time in his commissioned
career, for extensive reading and reflection on the broad
aspects of his profession. At the same time, he is provided
with library and research facilities which are unequalled in
their coverage of maritime, military and naval matters. The
War College staff provides assistance and guidance in the use
of time and facilities as required by the student.
LECTURES
The presentation of new advances in science and mili-
tary affairs, and the interpretation and interrelation of the
many factors which influence strategy, are sometimes best
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presented in the form of lectures. In some cases these are
given by members of the Naval War College staff, who devote
a great amount of time to research and preparation, in order
to deliver presentations of high caliber. Other lectures are
given by guest speakers who are outstanding men in their various
fields. The Naval War College is fortunate in having access to
the leaders in academic, governmental and civilian institutions
located along the eastern seaboard of the United States. Their
competent, thoughtful and authoritative addresses have been
largely responsible for the enviably high esteem in which the
Colleges lecture program is held by those who participate in it.
A feature of lectures at the Naval War College is the
question period which follows each address, in which the speak-
ers give their frank comments on specific questions asked by
staff and students. The privacy of these candid replies, as
well as that of the lecture itself, is carefully respected by the
audience.
In order that officers of the service may share some of
the benefits of the resident students at the Naval War College,
suitable lectures are reproduced, with the permission of the
speaker, and disseminated in a monthly publication entitled
"Naval. War College Review." Readers of this publication have
the same responsibility to respect the private remarks of the
speaker as do the officers who attend the lecture. Active Officers
of the rank of lieutenant commander (major) or above in the Navy,
Marine Corps and Coast Guard, including the Ready and Standby
Naval Reserve, together with Army and Air Force officers who
are former staff members or resident students of the Naval War
College, may obtain this publication upon request.
INFORMAL LECTURES
Some of the lectures for students of the second year of
the Course in Naval Warfare are informal in nature. The lec-
turer is seated at a desk, smoking is permitted, and questions
and discussion are invited by the lecturer both during and after
the lecture. This procedure facilitates following intricate ex-
positions by clearing up difficult points as they arise.
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GROUP DISCUSSIONS
In order to exchange ideas and clarify understanding, as
well as to share the special competences of staff and students,
many studies are made the subject of group discussions. By
means of reading and lectures, the participants achieve a common
background of knowledge, and are then formed into small discus-
sion groups to analyze and discuss the subject. Moderators may
be either staff members or students.
SEMINARS
Some group discussions take the form of seminars, in
which a student, staff member, or invited visitor presents a
prepared paper as an introduction to the subject at hand, then
adding his particular knowledge to the ensuing discussion.
Student seminar papers are turned in and filed for future
reference.
INDIVIDUAL PAPERS
Experience has shown that formal writing is a major
aid to clear thought. Very often a confusing subject, composed
of many interrelated factors, becomes quite clear to the student
when he undertakes to set down his thoughts in an orderly man-
ner on paper. The papers submitted by students at the Naval
War College range from extended treatments of such general
subjects as sea power, foreign policy and war potentials to short
discussions of particular professional matters.
GROUP PROJECTS
Primarily a feature of the second year of the Course in
Naval Warfare, the Group Project is a means of achieving an
understanding of studies of very large scope, without the super-
ficiality which might characterize individual treatment. Small
study groups work, over a period of time, on the preparation of
a paper which combines the individual and collective efforts of
the members. The group projects include a formal summary of
the major considerations influencing the attainment of national
objectives, and war plans for major naval commands.
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INFORMAL DISCUSSION
The spontaneous discussion and exchange of ideas at-
tendant upon informal meetings among students and staff is a
recognized aid to understanding. It is encouraged and speci-
fically provided for at the Naval War College; appropriate
spaces and facilities are designated for the purpose. The
challenging nature of the subjects under study provides ade-
quate stimulus for thoughtful argument.
OPERATIONS PROBLEMS
The most distinctive academic method at the Naval
War College is the Operations Problem, a highly developed
form of case instruction. In this method, the student is pre-
sented with a detailed description of a realistic military situa-
tion; he makes an estimate, develops a plan and writes an
appropriate directive. In some cases the problem has two
opposing sides, and a war game is played on the basis of the
student-prepared directive. The command levels of the situa-
tions range from the task force to the theater; the small scale
problems are solved entirely on an individual basis, while the
larger ones are done wholly or in part by groups of students
formed into staffs. Emphasis is placed on individual partici-
pation, and on individual thought and decision, to simulate as
closely as possible the individual responsibility of command.
Operations Problems have three primary purposes;
first, to familiarize the student with operational planning pro-
cedures on all levels; second, to furnish or fix in the mind
certain facts, such as the characteristics of a theater of opera-
tions or the capabilities and limitations of certain types of
naval operations; and third, to provide an opportunity for il-
lustrative application of basic strategic and tactical principles
to specific situations.
Every Operations Problem is followed by a critique,
in which salient features of the problem and significant dif-
ferences in its solution are discussed. Each student is thus
given an opportunity to compare his own solution with several
others, and evaluate the soundness of his judgment.
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The tempo and scale of modern war has outstripped the
capability of the conventional maneuver board to represent dy-
namic tactical situations. The resulting difficulty in introducing
adequate tactical war games into operations problems is expect-
ed to be overcome with the completion of a comprehensive elec-
tronic maneuver board system which is now under construction.
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Z2Z
General
1.2
The Naval War College conducts four resident courses
of instruction:
The Course of Advanced Study of Strategy and Sea Power
The Flag Officers' Refresher Course
The Course in Naval Warfare
The Command and Staff Course
Each of these courses is designed to fill a specific educational
need. The Command and Staff Course is for lieutenant command-
ers and junior commanders, and emphasizes the operational func-
tions of command and the organization, functions and procedures
of operational staffs. The Course in Naval Warfare is fo,r senior
commanders and captains, and is divided into two years, each a
complete unit. The two years are on the same academic level,
and individual officers may be ordered to take either or both.
The First Year emphasizes the integrated employment of the
elements of naval power in the accomplishment of the Navy's mis-
sions, and the Second Year emphasizes the strategic employment
of sea and naval power in the furtherance of national objectives.
The Flag Officers' Refresher Course, for flag officers and officers
selected to flag rank, is adjusted to the needs of the individual.
The Course of Advanced Study of Strategy and Sea Power is for -
flag officers, selectees for flag rank, and captains who have com-
pleted a resident course at the Naval War College; it emphasizes
comprehensive study and research into the basic natures of war
and sea power.
Officers of comparable seniority from the Marine Corps,
Army, Air Force and Coast Guard, and representatives from the
State Department and certain other civilian agencies of the govern-
ment, are also enrolled in the resident courses. These non-naval
officer students in post-war years have comprised a substantial
portion of the student body. Their presence enables the Naval War
College to stress appropriately the interrelationship between naval
operations and the operations of the other armed services and
government agencies, and the Navy's part in joint operations.
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Detailed eligibility requirements for the resident courses
are promulgated by the Bureau of Naval Personnel.
The correspondence courses offered by the Naval War
College are:
Strategy and Tactics
Operational Planning and Staff Organization
Logistics
International Law
Advanced International Law
The correspondence courses are available for regular
and reserve naval officers of and above the rank of lieutenant
(junior grade) and for officers, regular and reserve, of corres-
ponding rank from the Marine Corps, Army, Air Force, and
Coast Guard. Information concerning enrollment in these courses
is promulgated by BuPers Instructions or Notices and by the Naval
War College "Catalog of Correspondence Courses." This latter
publication may be obtained from the Naval War College upon
request-.
In addition to the full length resident courses, the Naval
War College annually conducts two associate courses of two weeks
duration for selected Reserve Officers: The Senior Reserve Of-
ficersi Course and the Course in Combat Staff Techniques and
Operational Planning. Quotas for these courses are assigned by
the Bureau of Naval Personnel to certain Naval Districts and by
Marine Corps Headquarters to specified Marine Corps Reserve
Districts.
THE COURSE OF ADVANCED STUDY OF STRATEGY AND
SEA POWER
The purpose of the Course of Advanced Study of Strategy
and Sea Power is to pursue studies in appropriate subjects and
methodologies in order to attain a comprehensive understanding
of Sea Power and strategies, and their relation to the achieve-
ment of national political and military objectives in peace and
war; to produce, as a result of these studies, material of value
to the Naval Service.
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?WiTIVrefraffiliffo,
rai FRE
The course is two years in length and in certain cases
may be extended to three years in length. During the first year
the tasks of the Group consist of study, reading, research, and
group discussions supplemented by lectures, seminars, and
consultations conducted under the guidance of appropriate civilian
and military authorities in the various subjects under considera-
tion. While no special curriculum is prescribed, it is considered
desirable that the basic program include study, reading, and
research in:
(1) History:- including maritime history; wars and con-
flicts; and history of significant eras of political, social, and
industrial changes.
(2) Social Science:- including political science; political
philosophy; cultural anthropology; economics; geography; logic;
and other scientific methods of analysis.
(3) Military Science:- including principles and theories
of warfare; sea power; strategy; national power and national
objectives; organizations and functions of the defense components
of government.
During the second and third years, members conduct
research for and prepare comprehensive treatises, monographs,
expositions or presentations on professional subjects. The
selected fields of research are submitted to the President,
Naval War College, for approval. These may be pursued either
individually or by collaboration of two or more members.
Students participate in selected portions of the Naval
Warfare Course. They join students of the other resident courses
in the Global Strategy Discussions near the end of each Academic
Year.
FLAG OFFICERS' REFRESHER COURSE
The purpose of the Flag Officers' Refresher Course is
to provide flag officers with an opportunity to further their
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understanding of the fundamentals of warfare with an emphasis
on:
A review of the essentials in the exercise of high
command.
The advancement of their strategic thinking.
The conduct of this course is dependent upon the avail-
ability of officers of suitable rank as students. It does not have
a specified time to start nor a fixed duration. The curriculum
of the course is kept flexible in order to meet better the needs
of each student. In general, however, four fields of study pro-
vide the framework upon which the curriculum for each class is
constructed:
(1) Review of Strategy, Tactics, Logistics, and Military
Planning.
Scope - A review of the principles of strategy,
tactics, logistics, and military planning
with which an officer exercising high
command must be familiar.
(2) Sea Power.
Scope - A study of the role of sea power in
present and future warfare and as a
deterrent to war.
(3) World Situation.
Scope - A survey of the world situation -- eco-
nomic, political, sociological, and
military -- emphasizing its effect on
military operations.
(4) National and Grand Strategy.
Scope - A study of national and grand strategy,
particularly as it affects, and is affected
by the employment of sea power.
The course is conducted primarily by means of individual
and collective research but students may also participate in the
lecture, thesis and Operations Problem.programs of other courses.
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THE COURSE IN NAVAL WARFARE
The objective of the Course in Naval Warfare is to prepare
officers for higher command by providing the broad knowledge,
perspective and judgment required to deal soundly with larger mat-
ters. The course is two years in length, each year being a complete
unit, both on the same academic level. In the first year, emphasis is
on the integrated employment of the elements of naval power in the
accomplishment of the navy's missions; in the second year, emphasis
is on the strategic employment of sea and naval power in the fur-
therance of national objectives. The national, international, military
and naval logistic elements and their interrelations are presented in
both years from the command point of view. A general description
of the Course in Naval Warfare is as follows:
7144t *en
Introduction. The Course in Naval Warfare opens with
a week of Introduction, in which the stage is set for the course of
study which will be pursued throughout the year. By means of
lectures, reading and seminars, an appreciation is gained of the
mission, functions and objectives of the Naval War College and of
the Course in Naval Warfare. Using the same methods, a survey
is made of the current world situation and the forces which in-
fluence it; included is a preliminary look at the nature and scope
of national and military strategy and the functions of the Armed
services.
Operations studies. At intervals throughout the year,
periods of from two to five days each are devoted to the study of
the characteristics of certain types of naval and related opera-
tions, including the following:
Extraordinary Weapons
Undersea Warfare
Attack Carrier Striking Force
Surface Action
Atomic Warfare
Para-military Operations
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Similar periods are devoted to the study of the characteristics,
capabilities and concepts of the other branches of the Armed
Forces; reading in this field is supplemented by presentations
made by Army and Air Force members of the Naval War College
staff, teams from the Army and Air War Colleges, and visiting
general officers from those services.
Strategy Studies. Six periods of two or three days
each in the first term are allotted to the examination of the nature
of strategy, with emphasis on national and military strategy. The
scope of these studies includes the interrelationships among the
political, economic, military and other elements of national stra-
tegy; the nature of war and of military strategy; modern concepts
of military strategy, and seapower as an element of national power.
These Strategy Studies are jointly participated in by First and
Second year students, and consist primarily of reading, lectures
and group discussions.
Logistics. As logistics is a part of every form of
military activity, the study of it is incorporated in proper con-
text into all parts of the Naval War College curriculum. There
is, however, a period of about one month in the first term de-
voted to gaining an understanding of military logistics and its
place in military planning and operations. Reading, lectures,
group discussions, seminars, and short problems are used to
cover the following general scope:
a. The history, principles and fundamen-
tals of logistics and the relationship of logistics to other
elements of war.
b. Logistic planning techniques and types
of logistic plans.
c. The Naval Logistic Support system,
its organization, functions and operation.
d. The integrated process of fleet opera-
tional logistic support.
e. Future naval logistic support systems.
The purpose is similar to that of the Operations Studies, to
acquire a working knowledge of the characteristics of a naval
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activity of major concern to a high commander. The Operations
Problem which follows the Logistics study has a logistic content
designed to illustrate and complement the study.
War Planning Study. Early in the second term, the
First Year and Second Year students jointly undertake a three-
week study of War Planning. Reading, lectures, seminars and
short problems are used to cover a scope generally as follows:
a. The principles, doctrines and procedure
for the establishment and functioning of joint and combined commands.
b. The war planning responsibilities and inter-
relationships of the various national and supranational offices,
agencies and commands concerned.
c. The procedures used in planning, and the
national and international factors influencing the planning process.
d. The acquisition, maintenance and distri-
bution of the material means employed in the conduct of war and
the methods by which these means are translated into military
logistics.
e. Various current plans and their status.
International Law. Although it appears also in con-
text elsewhere, International Law receives specific treatment
during a period of four days in the second term. The study is
conducted jointly with Command and Staff students by means of
reading, lectures and seminars, and covers generally the fol-
lowing subjects:
a. Problems of peacetime International
Law of special concern to the Navy.
b. Principles of collective security,
mutual defense agreements and problems arising thereunder.
c. The Law of War, with emphasis on
naval and aerial warfare.
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Operations Problems. The Course in Naval War-
fare currently includes six Operations Problems. The general
characteristics of this feature of the course have been previously
described (page ten). The first problem is participated in by stu-
dents of both years, the remainder by first-year students either
alone or with command and Staff student participation on subordinate
levels of command. A tabulation of the type of operation represented
by each of the current Operations Problems is as follows:
Type of Operation
#1: Carrier
#2; Logistic Support
#3: Amphibious
#4: Theater Forces
#5: Area Control
#6: Theater Campaign
The first problem, which is primarily an exercise in the opera-
tional planning process includes a study of Operational Planning
and takes ten days; the remainder are allotted from 12 to 18 days
each.
Operations Problems are placed on various command
levels from Task Group to Theater, and the situations are located
in several strategic areas of the world.
Term Papers. A formal paper is submitted in each of
the two terms by First Year Students. The first, and longer, is
on a very general subject in the field of war potential and foreign
policy. The second is a concept of strategy for global war. The
student gains knowledge for these papers from general and specific
research, and from the remainder of the course in general, includ-
ing some lectures which are provided in direct support of term
paper subjects.
Global Strategy Discussions. The yearts work of
all resident students reaches its climax in the Global Strategy
Discussions, which take place during the final week before
graduation. During this unique week, a number of prominent
civilians from many fields of endeavor, academic, govern-
mental, business, industrial and religious, plus a group of
senior Naval and Marine Corps Reserve Officers, come to
Newport to join Naval War College staff and students in dis-
cussions of the largest and most vital problems facing the
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United States. Distinguished lecturers set the keynote, and
the discussion groups endeavor to arrive at an understanding
of the national aims and objectives of the United States, the
means by which they might be attained, and the kind of strategy
which should be the basis of our national and military policy.
The results of the discussions are compared at a plenary session
on the final day. The Global Strategy Discussions are of great
mutual benefit to both the civilian and military participants,
as they inevitably show the mutual dependence of civilian and
military thought in the formulation of national strategy.
Sed C.4
FIRST TERM
The Second Year of the Course in Naval Warfare
opens with participation in the one-week Introduction and the
two-week Operations Problem #1 which have been described
for the First Year (pages 16 and 19 respectively).
The remaining 14 weeks of the first term are de-
voted to a comprehensive examination of the basic elements of
strategy. This is conducted by means of three more or less
separate but related curriculum items as follows:
1. Basic Strategic Studies
By means of reading, lectures, seminars and
a group project, an appreciation is gained of the nature of
strategy, the means of its development and implementation, and
of some of the strategic facts of the present-day situation.
The scope of the Basic Strategic Studies includes
the political, ideological, geophysical, economic and military
(including logistic) factors which make up and influence national ?
and military strategy. These factors are studied first in their
relation to the nature of war and of national and military strategy;
the context then shifts to the various areas of the world which are
of major concern to U.S. national security. Throughout the
studies, emphasis is on the interrelations among factors, and on
the signifiCance of sea and naval power.
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The group project (see page nine) included in
Basic Strategic Studies serves to correlate the factors of stra-
tegy into a pattern. The paper produced by each study group is
a summary of what the group regards as the major considerations
influencing the attainment of U.S. national objectives; its pre-
paration requires consideration of everything studied in the first
term.
2. Strategy Studies
Participation by Second Year students in the
Strategy Studies previously described (page 17) provides an
opportunity to lead, and participate in, discussions related to
the field which they have under detailed study. The distillation
and exposition required has a clarifying effect on appreciation
of the overall picture of strategy.
3. Term Paper.
Near the end of the first term, Second Year
students submit a formal paper on sea power and the national
interest. It is intended to further an understanding of the nature
of sea power and its contribution to national power and to national
and military strategy.
SECOND TERM
The second term is primarily an application of the
factors and principles studied in the first term. Most of the
second term is devoted to strategic planning, including its basic
logistic elements.
1. War Planning Systems
The, term opens with a three-week study of War
Planning Systems in which an examination is made of the func-
tions, responsibilities and problems of those national and supra-
national organizations which contribute to the security of the
United States. This study is jointly undertaken with First Year
students; its methods and scope have been described on page 18.
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2. Strategic Planning Study
During the next period of about 17 weeks, Second
Year study groups prepare strategic war plans from the points
of view of certain major commands. As the Joint Chiefs of Staff,
each group prepares a strategic estimate for a long-range
period; and proceeding from this develops a strategic concept
for the employment of U.S. forces in limited and global war.
Study groups then change their point of view to that of CINCPAC,
CINCLANT or CINCNELM and prepare an outline emergency
war plan for the employment of forces in their particular areas
under certain assumptions. Each group next prepares, from the
Chief of Naval Operations point of view, a strategic concept for
the conduct of global war. Finally, students are divided into
two opposing teams for a War Game at the strategic level.
3. Term Paper
During the second term, Second Year students
prepare a formal paper on a selected subject of naval interest.
4. Global Strategy Discussions
The Second Year of the Course in Naval Warfare
closes with participation in the Global Strategy Discussions des-
cribed on page 19.
THE COMMAND AND STAFF COURSE
The objective of the Command and Staff Course is to pro-
vide lieutenant commanders, junior commanders and equivalent
ranks with an opportunity to further their understanding of the
fundamentals of warfare with emphasis upon the operational func-
tions of command and the organization, functions and procedures
of operational staffs.
The Command and Staff course is ten months in length
and consists of operations problems and studies, many of which
are in common with or identical to those of the First Year of the
Course in Naval Warfare, supplemented by preparation of a series
of short formal papers. A general description of the Command
and Staff Course is as follows:
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Military Organization and Planning Studies. At intervals
throughout the year, periods of from two to ten days each are
allotted to the study of the characteristics and techniques of mili-
tary organization and planning. Specific subjects include the
following;
Introduction to Operational Planning
Staff Organization and Functions
Command Psychology and Leadership
Joint and Combined Command Relationships
Organization for National Security
These studies are all conducted by means of reading,
lectures and group discussions. Introduction to Operational
Planning, occupying the opening ten days of the course, has
two additional features; an illustrative Operations Problem is
demonstrated, and the group discussions are used as a vehicle
for instruction in Group Procedures.
Operations Studies. These are similar to those des-
cribed on page 16; some are conducted jointly with students of
the First Year of the Course in Naval Warfare. The subjects
covered include the following:
*Undersea Warfare
*Attack Carrier Striking Force
Surface Action Tactics
*Atomic Warfare
World War II Operations
Korean Operations
*Joint study with First Year students of the Course in
Naval Warfare.
In common with the First Year of the Course in Naval
Warfare, similar periods are devoted to the characteristics,
capabilities and concepts of other branches of the Armed Forces;
reading in this field is supplemented by presentations made by
Army and Air Force members of the Naval War College staff,
teams from the Army and Air War Colleges, and visiting general
officers of those services.
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Logistics. As in the other Naval War College courses,
Logistics is studied as an integral part of all periods of the Com-
mand and Staff curriculum. In addition, there is a four-day period
devoted to an "Introduction to Logistics." It is carried out by
means of reading, lectures and group discussidtits, with a purpose
similar to that of the Operations Studies: to acquire a working
knowledge of a naval activity of major concern to the naval com-
mander. The Operations Problem immediately following this study
is a logistic problem designed to illustrate and complement
the study.
Writing and Speaking Studies. Six days are allotted to
a study of logical and lucid military writing and speaking. The
vehicle of instruction is the preparation and presentation of a
brief by each student.
Operations Problems. The Command and Staff Course
contains nine Operations Problems, the general characteristics
of which are described on page 19. They vary in length from
four to sixteen days. A tabulation of the type of operation re-
presented by each of the current Operations Problems is as
follows:
Type of Operation
#1C Carrier
#2C Logistic support
#13C Surface action
#10C Replenishment
#11C Carrier
#3C Amphibious
#12C Theater forces
#5C Area control
#14C Amphibious
Operations Problem #13C follows a one-day study of
Surface Action Tactics, and includes two-sided play on the
Maneuver Board. Operations Problem #12C is two-sided and
is played as a War Game.
Operations Problems #3C and #5C are conducted jointly
with First Year students of the Course in Naval Warfare.
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Operations Problems are placed on various command
levels from Task Group to Fleet, and the situations are located
in several strategic areas of the world.
The Short Paper Writing Program. At intervals of ap-
proximately one month, each Command and Staff student is
required to submit a short formal paper on an assigned topic.
These papers serve to direct purposeful research and to give
experience in organization and presentation of thoughts. So...e
of these papers are presented orally to student committees, both
for their informative value and for the experience in presentation.
Global Strategy Discussions. The Command and Staff
Course ends, as do all resident courses, with participation in
the Global Strategy Discussions described on page 19.
CORRESPONDENCE COURSES
The objective of the Correspondence Courses Department
is to extend the facilities of the Naval War College as far as prac-
ticable to officers who are presently unable to attend the resident
courses.
Correspondence courses in Strategy and Tactics, Opera-
tional Planning and Staff Organization, Logistics, International
Law, and Advanced International Law are offered by the College.
Information as to eligibility requirements is promulgated
by the Bureau of Naval Personnel and the Naval War College
"Catalog of Correspondence Courses."
Strategy and Tactics
This course consists of eight installments. It is
divided into two parts of four installments each. Part ONE
stresses principles that are applicable to Naval Operational
Planning and Staff Organization, while Part TWO is devoted to
an application of those principles.
Many exercises use the background of World War
II operations. Problem locale is varied in order to provide an
opportunity for the study of important strategic areas. Through-
out the course, particular emphasis is placed on the development
of sound and logical reasoning processes. In addition, through
the medium of short essays, students are encouraged to present
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their thoughts on naval subjects and to improve their ability to
express themselves in writing.
Part ONE (Installments ONE to FOUR inclusive)
includes definitions of military planning terms; the planning
process, which includes the Estimate of the Situation, Develop-
ment of the Plan, and the Directive; the Navy Staff; the principles
of logistics and their operational application; Attack Carrier
Striking Force and Submarine Group planning in an area of opera-
tions; and the preparation of effective directives. Completion
of Part ONE will entitle the student to a certificate and appro-
priate credit for completion of the Operational Planning and Staff
Organization Course.
Part TWO (Installments FIVE to EIGHT inclusive)
contains exercises that demonstrate strategic employment of
naval forces, the role of sea power in national strategy, com-
mand and organization principles, integration of logistics with
strategy and tactics, functioning of the Navy Staff, and the em-
ployment of land, sea, and air forces in joint operations.
Operational Planning and Staff Organization
This four installment correspondence course offers
preliminary and early training in the fundamentals of command
responsibilities by stressing principles that are applicable to
naval operational planning and staff organization. It was parti-
cularly prepared for Regular and Reserve officers of the Naval
Establishment who desire to prepare themselves for the respon-
sibilities of command or duty on naval staffs. In addition, it
provides student officers with fundamentals and background
knowledge:
(1) To complete Part TWO of the Naval
War College Correspondence Course in Strategy
and Tactics.
(2) To attend resident courses at the
Naval War College or other advanced command
and staff schools.
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The scope of this course includes definitions of
military planni-ng terms; the plarming process; which includes
the Estimate of the Situation, Development of the Plan, and the
Directive; the Navy Staff; the principles of logistics and their
operational application; Attack Carrier Striking Force and Sub-
marine Group plannixtg in an. area of operations; the preparation
of effective directives; and the development of sound and logical
reasoning processes.
Logistics
The correspondence course in. Logistics, consisting
of eight installments, is patterned as closely as practicable after
the logistic content of the first year of the Course in Naval War-
fare. The course is designed to provide basic knowledge of the
subject with emphasis on operational aspects. It is principally
concerned with naval logistics although the logistics functions of
other services are also considered.
The first installment briefly traces the historical
background and evolution of logistics and classifies the field of
study into its functional activities: supply; maintenance, repair
and salvage; medical services; personnel; transportation; and
base development. Succeeding installments are devoted to detailed
analyses of these functions and to the study of such complementary
subject matter as: organization; logistics planriing; economic
mobilization; organization and functioning of the supply systems
of the Navy, Marine Corps, Army and Air Force; and mobile
logistic support of joint forces in an area of operations. Pro-
blems presented throughout the course provide students with a
practical approach to the subject.
International Law
The correspondence course in International Law is
designed:
To provide general knowledge of international
law in order to maintain a proper perspective, and to provide a
basis which will make an officer's future research and experience
more valuable, e.g., diplomatic procedure, jurisdiction, treaties,
the United Nations, NATO and regional arrangements for collective
security.
To provide specific knowledge of international
law that will be most useful to an officer in performance of his
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duties, e.g., boat officer in a foreign port, protection of shipping,
situations dealing with neutrality, treatment of prisoners, adminis-
tration of the Foreign Claims Act, and air routes and rights.
To demonstrate the practical application of this
knowledge by the solution of specific problems that may confront an
officer in the performance of his duties.
The correspondence course in International Law
consists of eight installments. Each installment contains about
twenty questions and, with the exception of Installment EIGHT, a
"case" situation. In answering the questions, the student acquires
and absorbs the general and specific knowledge referred to above.
In addition, it provides him with a special background to attack the
solution of the "situations. " Solving the "situations" teaches the
student to analyze the elements, search for and find applicable ad-
ditional information, evaluate the validity of precedent rulings and
agreements, and to arrive at a sound course of action.
Advanced International Law
The correspondence course in Advanced International
Law consists of four installments. Each installment requires
original research on a current problem of international affairs in
which the Navy has an active interest. Only officers who have
previously completed the correspondence course in International
Law are eligible to enroll in the Advanced Int ernational Law
Course.
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1011
ta131310
THE LIBRARY
The Naval War College Library is modern and well equipped.
It consists of three connected sections -- the Main Reading Room, the
Reference Room and the Stack Rooms.
In the Main Reading Room, which is designed on the order
of a clubroom with easy chairs and floor lamps, there are avail-
able some 200 current periodicals and newspapers, with back
issues of those of most importance to the War College.
The Reference Room is a formal type university library
reading room. Its beautifully matched walnut panelling and shelv-
ing lend dignity as well as charm. The wide windows at both ends
and extensive skylight arrangements provide lighting that is both
adequate and pleasing. This room contains several thousands of
volumes for ready reference, including encyclopedias, handbooks,
and the beat of the recent books concerning naval, military, national,
and international affairs.'
The Stack Rooms are models of their kind and are equipped
with the latest type of movable shelves, stack lighting, automatic
elevator, and individual readers' carrells at both ends of each
deck. The book capacity of the entire unit is over 50,000 volumes.
The Library at present has a total of approximately
100, 000 accessions including books, periodicals, pamphlets, do-
cuments, etc. The collections specialize in Military and Naval
History, Domestic and Foreign Policy, International Law, Econom-
ics, Biography, Aviation, and documentary material, both domestic
and foreign.
A small staff of experienced professional librarians provide
limited but expert research, reference and bibliographical services.
An annotated periodical bulletin which includes a list of recent ac-
cessions to the library is issued every two weeks and an evaluation
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of new library material by the staff is circulated each month. Re-
commendations of selected books considered by the War College to
be of special professional interest are disseminated by various
means to officers of the Naval Service.
THE CLASSIFIED LIBRARY
The Classified Library consists of an office and catalogue
room, a stack room, and a spacious reading room.
These comprise the repository and circulation center for
all classified documents received from various military and civil
agencies of the government.
THE LOGISTICS LIBRARY
A special library contains the Navy's most complete col-
lection of books and documents on logistic subjects, both classified
and unclassified. It is connected with the Classified Library Reading
room, and affords ample facilities for reading and research in. the
field of logistics.
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