UNITED STATES EMPLOYEES OVERSEAS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80B01676R002700040004-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 137
• Document Creation Date: December 19, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 11, 2005
• Sequence Number: 4
• Publication Date: April 1, 1958
• Content Type: REPORT

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UNITED STATES EMPLOYEES OVERSEAS
AN OPERATIONS COORDINATING BOARD REPORT SUBMITTED
TO THE NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL APRiI 1958
NSC review(s) completed.
.Volume a
COUNTRY STUDIES
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
VOLUME: II
._
Page
Introduction.~~~~~~ 1
Country Studies
China (Taiwan) . ... ..... ... .. 3
Ethiopia . .. .. .. 10
France .. .. 16
Germany .. .. .. .. 22
Greece .. .. .... 34
Iceland .~ . ... , , .... 41
Indonesia' .. 48
Iran . . .. . .. . . . ...... . ..... 53 '
Italy.......,- ................. 59
Japan .......~ .... .. ........... (r9
Korea . . . . . .... ... . . .. . .. . . ?8
Libya . ............ ........... 87
Morocco .. ., .. . .. ..... 94
Philippines ... .. ~ ~ 100
Saudi Arabia ... .. X105
Spain .. ..... . li~l
Thailand .. ... . . .. . . . , . - . 116
Turkey . ... . ... . .. . . .. . ~ . . 121
Viet-Nam.,.,,,.,,-,,,,,,,,, ~ 128
Summary of Overseas Personnel in Designated
Countries . ... 134
NSC review(s) completed.
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Glossary of Militaxy Abbreviations
Usad in Wolurne it
AFB ? e o? o e o o Air Force IIase
ARMISH .,. o,.. o e Army Mission
JUSMAG s . e s o . o o Joint United States Military As siatance
Group
KATUSA .a. o, o o. Korean Augmentation Txoops, U, S. Arr,~y
MAAG e. e e o 0 0 o Militaxy AdVlsory Assistance Gxoup
MAP . o 0 o e o. e Military As sistax~ce Program
SETAF . o ~ ..... Southeastern Task Force
TERM b o .. o .. o Temporary Equipment Reco~~ery Mission
U5AFE o o e . e o e. United States Air Force, Europe
USAREUR. o. e ? . o o . United States Army, Europe
CG a . , e .. e . Commanding General
CH ......:. Chief
CINC . e e e . , ~ . Commander in Chief
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~.____
tin addition to the basic assignment of reporting the agencies
general administrative practices bep,ring on the improvement of
foreign attitudes tov~ard U. S. citizen government employees over-
seas, paragraph 6(c) of NC 1lction 1.752 indicated that detailed
attention be given to the specific problems and the administrative
practices developed to cope with them in certain countries desig-
nated "trouble spots. " Subsequent action by the ]3oard 1-lssistants
designated the following countries for specific e::amination as part
of this study:
China (Taiwan)
Ethiopia (including Eritrea)
France
Germany
Greece
Iceland
Indonesia
Iran
Italy
Japan
Korea
Libya.
Morocco
Philippine s
Saedi Arabia
Pain
Thailand
Turkey
Viet-rdam
This Volume II contains studies for each of the l9 designated
countries consisting of a baclcground statement, a table of the
American personnel strength (not counting dependents), rationales
for the agencies changing force levels, and statements of the.
administrative practices developed by the agencies in the countries
to cope with aspects of tlio problem of improving foreign attitudes
toward U. 5. citizen employees.
On compili~.g the agencies practices, it was found that they could
be grouped logically under six major categories, namely, Personnel
i~aetors, Use of Lard, Local Economy, jurisdiction, U. S. Vehicles,
and Community Relations. T'or each of these categories, there has
been established a statement of the broad "problem" and the practices
designed to cope therewith. The various factors and elements con-
tributing to each "problem" and includible within it are covered eaten- .
sively in Volume I, of this report.
The personnel strength data for the several countries include troop
strengths and civilian U. ~. citizens directly hired and contractor
hired, as reported currently by the agencies which utilize the prepon-
derant number of U. citizens overseas, namely, the three military
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departments, the Departinont of State, the U. ;. Information Agency,
and the International Cooperation Administration. A statistical sum-
mary of U. S. personnel stationed in tho 19 designated countries aA o#
July 1, 1957, and their estirnated strength in those countries, as of
June 30, 1958, is found in the Anne3c to Volume II. The numbers of
dependents overseas in tl~ie 19 countries aro''not included because they
are not currently avaxlabl.o on a uniform reloxting basis. However,
such data are being obtained and will be presented to the OCB in the
annual statistical report pursuant to item 6(a) of N5C Action 1752,
;-Then supplied, these data will be reported a,s of March 31, 1958. The
data in the Anne.t to this volume omit also tze relatively minor over-
seas employment reported by the other civiYian agencies such as
Department of Justice, Department of Commerce, Atomic Energy
Commission, Veterans hdministration, and' General Services Admin>
istration, sinco worldwide, this employm?n't as of November 195?
totalled only about 1339.
In September 1957 tho "desk officers" o~ the Department of State
were asked to prepare. background statorzon'ts for the 19 designated
countries aummarizin~ and updating the submissions from the Chiefs
of Mission to ensure that the country studies would reflect the current
facts. A further review of these background statements was made by
the "desk officers" of State, USIL~, and ICA''~on January 15, 1958, for
the same purpose. The "background statements" were not intended
to be "country papers" as in the normal~coiite;ct of the latter term.
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CHINA (TAkWAN~
STIta~NGTII ON JUNE 30, 1957
Military Personnel - 3, 6~tb
Civilian Personnel ~ 223
TOTAL 3, 869
A. BACktG.ROUND
The attitudes of the Chinese on Taiwan toward the
United States, its policies, and its citizens residing there
are largely determined by the direction of U. S. foreign
policy and its i.inplementation. Apart from attitudes shaped
in this manner, the presence o# a sizeable group of s'~meri-?
.cans, concentrated principally ui the capital city and enjoy
ing a standard of living far superior to their Chinese counter-
parts, invariably produces certain irritants and generates
some resentment among the native population. Despite the
e~dstence of these irritants, the Chinese would be greatly
distressed at the withdrawal of significant numbers of
American military personnel from Taiwan.
Unlike the situation in other countries, there are no
large American bases in Taiwan. Care has been exercised
to use as little arable land as possible for the few U. S.
installations, and the presence of Americans on Taiwan has
nog: caused a labor shortage nor has it resulted in a scar-
city of goods. On the other hand, certain problems, fre-
quently associated with sizeable numbers of American
troops have arisen, mainly connected with traffic accidents,
bar room brawls, and drunkenness. Punishment in such
cases has been i~:nposed by U. ~. military authorities but
such action has not always come to the attention of the
Chinese people nor has adequate compensation to injured
Chinese nationals been proffered in all instances. Mis-
behavior by American military personnel, combined with
exclusive U. 5. jurisdiction over offenders, evokes the
specter of "extraterritoriality. " On balance, however, the
record is favorable. Over a Long period of years relations
between Chinese and U. 5, citizens have probably been
more cordial than those of China with any other Western
country. Por policy reasons the Clii,nese welcome the
presence of American troops and officials on Taiwan. There
are good personal relationships and a high degree of
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CI-III1A (TANJt1N)
A. BACKGItOUi~JD (Continued)
cooperation between most Americans and Chinese on
Taiwan.
The ~~Iay 2~'~, 1957 riot in Taipei muot be rega;~~led ao
serious 'and disturbing event, not affecting so much the
basic policy of cooperation but poultix~~ up imperatively
the necessity for taking precautions ag'iainst similar
occurrences. Assistance has been liven to Chinese
police in improving riot control methods. Both the
Chinese and Americans axe acutely aware of the danger
of permitting frictions to develop and of the necessity for
taking precautionary steps to avoid possible sources of
resentment.
In summary, there is uniform awareness of aazd
concern for the essentiality of maintaining good relation-
ships. The attainment of this .objective is dependent on
continuing to melee caroful selection of personnel, insuring
their effective orientation prior to andl after their arrival
in the area, and the enforcement of discipline where
necessary to insure that American personnel wily conduct
themselves in such manner so as to avoid becoming involved
in local incidents.
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CHINA (TAI'~TAN)
B. PERSONNEL uTP,.ENGTH DATA
July l+ 1957
5tren~th
July 1, 195#S
Estimated Strength
Net
Gh.an~;e
Total NIilitary
3, 646
3, ?60
~.~ 114
Total Civilian
223
308
-~ 85
Grand Total 3, 869 ~}, 068 .{.? 19~
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DEFENSE
Militaxy Personnel 3, 646
Civilian Personnel 4
TOTAL 3, 650
STATE
59
3, 760
29
3,?89
56
209 -~ 64
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USIA 15
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CkiIiVA (TAI~IJIIN)
C. PRGI;LEM ;AND l~S~MINISTItATIV3~ PRACTICES
I. Common Problems
a. Problem -- Personnel :'actors
To ensure that U. S. personnel and their
dependents stationed overseaslare positively moti-
vated and sufficiently knowledgeable of the IanguZge~
culture, laws, and mores of host countries to create
a more favorable attitude towards the U. S. Govern
ment and its people.
(1) iVLF,AG personnel are given a basic orientation
program upon arrival in 'T'aiwan, supplemented by
further voluntary detailed orientation in 'lectures
offered by the Asia Foundation and other cultural
groups.
(2J Basic language instruction is mandatory for the
majority of Army officers and enlisted men assigned
to the Army section.
(3) ICA follows the practice of it~,terviewing the
dependents of ICA officers ben; assigned to Taiwan
as an additional step to insure likely adaptability of
the family to tho local Chinese community.
b. Proble:~n ~- Local Economy
To ensure that U. 5. personnel and operations
superimposed on the local economy make a reasonable
contribution or do not cause an undue strain.
(1) The U. S. civilian agencies and the military
have voluntarily held to a standard wage pattern
which has eliminated any serious labor problems.
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CHINI. (T1-lIVJ.l1N)
C. PRO8LEM5 ANO AJ~MINISTRAI'IVE PRACTICES (Contiuiued)
(2) All U. S, agencies are voluntarily participating
in a housing committee in a successful effort to lower
rents. The Chinese government, at the request of
MAAG, has authorized construction of houses for
U. S. personnel.
(3) I'orty~>five per cent of all military personnel
have been assigned duty outside the Taipei area.
c. Problem ~... U. 5, Vehicles
To minimize resentment against U, S, personnel
created by their ownership and use of American-made
vehicles.
A fund for cx gratia payments to Chinese
killed or injured by Americans has been established
and insurance coverage on American automobiles
has been broadenedo
d. Problem -- Community Relations
~~
To ensure favorable relations between U. S.
personnel and the local community.
(l) The local American school accepts Chinese
children on aspace-available basis after the needs
of American children have been met.
(2) The ICA Tvlission Director gives length-of-
service awards to local Chinese employees in
recognition of longevity of their service.
(3j Ex~xataa payments for injuries or damage
inflicted by Americans are made from a fund
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Ci-III~iA (T11.IWAN)
C. PROBLIrM5 AND ADMINISTR1iTIVI PRACTICDS {Continued)
....
created and controlled by the Embassy as the result
of having placed a small surcharge on all liquor
purchased at the commissariy.
(~:) U3IS officers and their wives teach English to
the Chinese on Taiwan, and''USIa libraries axe in
constant use by local nationals from all walks of life.
(5) Procedures for prompt settlement of damage
claims arising out of MAAGI operations are being
reviewed to insure that this (does not become a source
of friction. it
(6) M~1.ACa cooperates actively with Chinese governs
ment agoncios to resolve differences between U. S.
and Chinese personnel and t'o keep down the number
of local ii~idents by and against U. S. personnel.
Indoctriziation efforts on the'. part of the Chinese
government with its own people has had ameliorating
effect.
(7) ~ USIS activities have been redirected to empha-
size the "local" approach, and relations with the
Local press have been bettered as the result of mutual
efforts to ~e:cplain U. S. views and differences in
customs.
~gj There has .'peen reasonable participation by
American personnel and the",ir dependents in such
organizations and activitie s I a s:
a. Local chapter work in the 1~Tomen~s Anti-
Aggression.:League, the International
VTomen's Glub, and Rotary International;
b. Joint Sino-U. S. G3oy ;rout activities; and
c. A "Used Clothing, I3rogram, "'provfded by
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CHIN11 (TAIVJ~.N)
C. PROBLEMS AND 11DMINISTRATNE PRACTICE5 (Continued)
San Francisco civic organizations and
administered by MA.AG Taiwan.
(9) M11AG personnel are assigned duty with units
garrisoning the offshore islands, thereby sharing
in the danger and privations involved.
2. Problems Peculiar to Taiwan
None reported.
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>F ETHIOPLA
STRENCr7'H ON JUNE 30, 195?
Military Personnel - 1,024
Civilian Personnel ?- 204
TOTAL lh 228
A. B11C? GROUND
___~__._
Ethiopia is oriented toward the ,'Test, particularly
the United States, to which it locks fc!,r political support
and military anti economic assistance. Although the
Imperial Ethiopian Government has been disappointed with
the magnitude of U. S. aid programs 'sand our political
support on certain issues, no apprecx~able change is antici-
pated in its friendly attitude or policy of collaboration pro-
vided the U. S. position in the Near East continues as at
greseni: and provided that sufficient military and economic
assistance is e3ctended to them incoming years.
It should be noted that existing U. S, military facili-
ties (located in Eritrea,. which is under the control of
Ethiopia) are confined to a communications relay base
operated by the U. 5. Army Signal Corps. Since the primary
mission of this base is communications, it does not boast a
display of weapons of war or military planes such as are
found at other bases, especially in Europe and-North Africa.
Thus, it does not give the local population an indication of
the military might and power of the U. S.
The economic benefits are the primary reason for
acceptance by the Eritr.eans of present U. ~. operations Kz
Eritrea. During the three year period 1954-195? approxi-
mately U. S. $3, b00, 000 478% of the annua~.~~-udget of
Eritrea) was contributed annually to the local economy as
a result of the construction and operation of the base. 11t
the height of construction between 2, 500 and 3, 000 'loca'ls
were gainfully employed. 1~fter the three year period it is
estimated that approximately U. S. y~l, 350, 000 (30% of the
Exitrean budget) will be contributed too the local economy
and a total of 800 locals will be gainfully and regularly
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A. BACKGROUND (Continued)
employed. While the Eritreans thus accept these opera-
tions because of the economic impact they have on the
country, the Imperial Ethiopian Government in Addis
Ababa. has also indicated its acceptance of these opera-
tions because of the stabilizing influence they have in an
area where there i,s poeaible politics"L dissidence against
the Imperial Government.
There is no evidence of any general antipathy toward
U. S, military personnel at the present time. "Incidents"
have been held to a minimum and relations between U. S.
troops and the local population-,are uniformly described as
good -.~ sometimes excellent -- by local officials. A
higher standard of living for the white man, including auto-
mobiles, is an accepted way of life in Eritrea as the result
of d0 years of Italian occupation and !2 years of British
administration. P,,igid enforcement of traffic regulations
by tI~IP~s has kept traffic accidents to a minimum and there
is no present difficulty a.ri this regard.
The base rights agreement in Eritrea gives the U. S.
military exclusive jurisdiction in all criminal cases in-.
volving their personnel, but vests civil jurisdiction in the
local courts. Relations between the military police and
the local police are excellent and there have not been any
serious jurisdictional problems. In fact, relations in this
context are so good that even civil action cases are released
to the military for settlement. A possible source of future
trouble might reside in the l~ioslem population of the area
.who could become hostile to the presence of U. S. troops
if our foreign policy brought us into open conflict with the
Arab countries.
There as no evidence that the presence of U. S. opera-
tions in lrritrea has resulted in higher retail prices or an
increase in the cost of living for the local population. The
operation.of a Fost Exchange and a Post Commissary,
coupled with duty-free F,PO privi"Cages, make the Local
U. S. military operation pretty much self-sustained. There
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A. BACKG:2OUND (Continued)
is no competition between the' military and the local popu-
lation for local consumer items. What friction exists in
this sense with the local population stems from a feeling
on the part of local merchants that military personnel do
not personally spend enough in the local economy, even
though military personnel probably', spend more money in
the local economy than most merchants realize.
Some competition for housing has existed i.n the past
but will disappear completely in the future as new housing
becomes available at the base. The withdrawal of Ameri-
cans from the housing market may be a sour. ce of some
resentment in the future. A. total of 1, 900 acres of land is
under lease for U. S. operations in' Eritrea. Only approxi-
mately 200 acres of this total are occupied exclusively by
.the military. The use of the remaining 1, 700 acres for
antenna fields has not interfered with their cultivation by
the land owners. If these farming 'operations were not
permitted the occupation of this land would pose a very real
and serious problem in this country.
Though not-found in government, circles, some popular
prejudice against American Negroeis, particularly those in
uniform, exists in Eritrea. Eritrean Coptic Christians and
Ethiopians generally consider themselves to be of the Cauca-
sian race and tend to look down on and resent the American
Negro. Any influx of Negroes in numbers could therefore
lead to difficulties .
There are no existing issues involving wages or rentals.
Eritrean government officials have occasionally indicated
in various ways a general resentment against the employment
of Italian and other European nationals at the local base, in
the apparent belief that only Eritrean nationals should be so
employed. The hard facts are, however, that Eritreans are
not qualified in the skills required for local operations.
Eritreans are, however, given first preference in the fill-
ing of all positions for which they are qualified.
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B. PERSONNEL STRENGTH DATA
?
July 1, 1957
Strength
July 1, 1958
Estimated Strength
Net
Change
Total Military
1, 024
1, 031
-(- 7
Total Giv3.ll.an
204
x51.
~~ 47
G=rarid Total
x X228
1.;22

quarters in Wiesbaden.
2~' Problems Peculiar to Germany
None reported,
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GREECE
ST.FtENC,TH ON JUNE 30, 1957
Military Personnel - 1, 030
Civilian Personnel - 203
TOTAL 1, 241
A. IiAC KGROUND
The attitude of Grp toward the I, United States is con-
ditioned by a long history of friendly relations between the
two countries. The continuing emigration of many Greeks
to the United States and the large number of Americans of
Greek extraction provide close continuing ties. Historically,
the United States is recognized as having been cympatheti.c
toward Greece in its long struggle to achieve national
independence. In the post-war year's, relations between
Greece and the United States have become particularly
close because of the large scale program of U. ~. military
and economic assiKtance which many Greeks believe kept
their country from falling under Communist domination.
Consequently, tho basic atti~ude of the Greek Government
and people is friendly and well disposed toward the United
Mates.
Greece is a weak country, economically and
militarily. As a result, it has traditionally sought the
support and protection of some great power or group of
powers. Greek foreign policy is based on cooperation
with the United States, membership 'in NATO, and
opposition to Soviet communism, but future attitudes
depend largely on progress toward a settlement of the
Cyprus question. Thhe degree of cooperation will also
be dependent upon the level of U. S. I' economic and '
military aid. Any termination or substantial reduction
of aid levels to Greece could lead.to''a review of U. S.
operating facilities and to Greek claims that the United
States was not adequately supporting; its NATO ally. In
addition to political and psychological effects, there
could result a reduction of Greek military effectiveness
through internal budget cuts.
Personal relations between U. S. personnel and the
Greek populace have been uniformly'',good. There are
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A. FACKGi~OUND (Cond?t) G~2,ELCE
sufficient ntunbers of Greeks who speak fluent English
that no serious language barrier exists between Americans
and Greeks. The two nationalities share a comxron religious
baclcground and a. altuxal ?~eritage of independence and
freedom.. The e~:trovert personality of the avers ;e Greek
has readily responded to the normally outgoing approach of
the average American. As a result of these factors, there
have been no particular problems encountered in establishing
good personal relations with the Greek public, notwithstanding
the recent unfArtunate incident where certain e:ctremists
bombed the U sIS library.
The principal friction between Greece and the :United
States relating to the presence of U. a. personnel in Greece
arose over the question of privileges granted by the Greek
Government, which gave all U. ~. military personnel in
Greece the same complete immunity from Greek civil and
criminal jurisdiction as is enjoyed by diplomatic personnel.
In this situation U. S. irnmun,ity, translated as "extraterri-
toriality" by the Greeks, bee, me widely resented and
developed into a local political issue and eventually into
friction between the two .countries. After long negotiations,
a bilateral understanding based on the standard NATO status
of Forces Agreement was signed on September ?, 1955. The
document pravides that (a) U. S. personnel would be liable
under Greek law for criminal actions. occurrir_g in non-duty
status, and (b) jurisdiction would be relinquished in cases
involving civil matters. However, Greece agreed to waive
its primary right to exercise jurisdiction under Article 7 of
the NAiO Status of Forces Agreement in all cases except
where Greek authorities determine that it is of 'particular
importance' that jurisdiction be exercised by Greece. The
status of the joint U. S. idlilitary Aid Group, however, was not
affected by the bilateral agreement 'and it remains a
potential source of friction. Any economic impact of U. S.
military facilities in Greece has been minimal.
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GREECE
_____~
P. PERSONNEL STRENGTH DATA
.,, ............................................,,. ....July ~1,1957....,....July,~1,,F1S56.....,..,,.,..-Net .,
Strength ~ Estimated 5txength Change
Total Military 1, 038 7~'.0 > 29~
Total' Civilian 203__ 191 _ ~- 12
Grand Total 1, 241 ~~ ; 31 --310
DEFENSE
Military Personnel ~ 1, 038 ~~, ?40 -293
Civilian Personnel
TOTAL
1, 081
STATE 9S '~!
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~+ 1'ROLLF..lvIS A.ND ADi~/~INIS'I'RATI~rE PLZ.ACTICES
1. Common Problems
a. Problem
Personnel Factors
To ensure that U. S. personnel and their dependents
stationed overseas are positively motivated and sufficiently
knowledgeable of the language, culture, laws, and mores
of host countries to create a more favorable attitude
towards the U. ~. Government and its people.
Practice
U. S. military and U. S. civilians receive mandatory
thirty-hour language courses on duty. An additional
thirty-hour course is available off-duty. Dependents
are urged to take both. ?
b. Problem -- Use of Lend
To ensure that U. S. requirements for land are held
to the absolute minimum consistent with U. S. programs
and that withdrawal of the land from local use creates
the least problem for the local government. and minimizes
the impact on the local economy.
Practice
In expropriating land for use of U. S. Defense Forces
the host government was allowing long intervals between
acquisition and payment. Informal intervention by U. S.
authorities sped local administration practices so that
landowners could be paid more quickly by the host
government.
c. Problem -- Local Economy
To ensure that U. S. personnel and operations
superimposed on the local economy make a reasonable
contribution or do not cause an undue strain.
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C. 'PRGBLEIUIS AND ADMINISTRATIVE ~'RACTICES (Cond't)
Practices ~I
(1) Ration quotas have been imposed on the sale in PX.
outlets of soap, cigarettes, IQeenex, toothpaste, soap
powdez, etc. In the interest of better control, anew
series of gasoline coupons. has been issued. .Liquor
purchases are prominently marked. Household effects
brought in are inventoried, and changes must be
reported. Punitive action has been taken against
violators. ?
i
(2) Curxent policy is to use Greek contractors ex-
clusively, and all current contracts are with Greek
firms, resulting in the exclusive!'' use of Greek labor
for construction. In addition, approximately 50?fo of
the supply contracts are awarded to Greelc firms (the
remainder go to third country bidders).
(3) On-the-job training is offered to local personnel,
along with English language .instruction, military
instruction, and xnanagernent training for supervisors.
(4) Local labor is used insofar as possible for main-
tenance and operation of machines, buildings and
grounds, for food service and retail sales.
.Problem -- Jurisdiction i
To ensure that the rights of I',U. S. personnel under
the Constitution are safeguarded, without creating resent-
ment by needless challenge of the basic sovereignty
of the host country. ~~
(1) Absence of authority for the Greek Government to .
exercise any criminal or civil jurisdiction over American
forces was an increasing source" of ill will among the
local population. The problem was resolved by a status
of Forces Agreement: -
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Gt2EECE
C. PROBLEMS AND ADMINISTRATIVE PRACTICES (Cond't)
(2) To counter unfavorable publicity in the local press,
USIS sometimes releases courts-martial results.
(3) U. S. military police patrols, accompanied by
Greek military police, are sometimes sent into areas
outside of bases for the purpose of maintaining order
among tai U. S. personnel.
e. Problem -- U. S. Vehicles
To minimize resentment against U. y. personnel
created by their ownership and use of American-made
vehicles.
Practices
(1) While liabylity insurance is not compulsory under
Greek law, it is required for U. S. forces personnel who
have private vehicles registered under the XA aeries of
Greek license plates.
(2) The Air rorce has assigned anon-commissioned
officer as full time safety technician. V~Then the accident
rate was high in 1956, all private driving was suspended
for four days by the Air Pase Commander. A midnight
curfew was inaugurated, which is still in effect for
lower grades. Those under twenty-five must have
approval to buy a car, and disciplinary action is taken
against negligent drivers. Accident prones have been
deprived of driving privileges.
f. Problem
Commv.nity Relations
To ensure favorable relations between U. S. personnel
and the local community.
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GREECE
C. PROLLEMS AN.D ADMINIaTRATIVE', P1ZAC'I'ICES (Cond't)
Prac~ices
(1) Dependents are very active in several fields which
have produced concrete results. American women's
clubs participate in many chartiable and cultural
activities which create good will, Doy Scout and Girl
Scout organizations in Greece have very comprehensive
programs designed to promote better relations and
their activities outside the metropolitan area have been
most effective in reaching an el''ement of the Greek
population which does not usually come irxto contact
with Americans. Charitable work done by Scout
organizations, particularly during the Ck~.ristmas
season, has recieved very favorable pu'olicity in the
Greelc press. In nearly all adverse newspaper
publications the target has been U. S. policy (Cyprus
issue is a case in point) rather; than U. S. personnel
actions .
(2) USIS publicizes humanitarian acts of U. S. Armed
Forces, such as delivery of emergency vaccine from
Germany by jet plane and evacuation of disabled children
from mountainous area by Sixth Fleet helicopter. USIS
is notified of "incidents" involving U. S. forces often
before Greelc journalists learn II of them and this helps
minimize adverse news-treatment. Vdives of American
personnel cooperate in a range',~,of community welfare
-- -
2. Problems Peculiar to Greece
None reported.
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~~
ICELAND
~TR,EIQGTH ON JUNE 30, 1957
1ljilitary Personnel - 5, 326
Civilian Personnel - 252
TOTAL 5, 57a
A. BACKGROUND
Icelandis strategically important geographic position
and its membership in NATO is well established and suffi-
ciently accepted by the majority of the population to have
given a moderate, limited sense of collective security to
the populace as a whole, Moreover, suspicions of Soviet
motives have grown in proportion to the growth of Icelandic
economic dependency on the East. 'The prestige of the
United States in Iceland is generally high. Tempering this,
howev~?x, is a suspicion that the United estates with its
tremendous power and influence might tend to overwhelm
their little island unless the Icelanders are extremely care-
ful in all their dealings with Americansa
The Icelandic Communist party xeceived nearly 20%
of the popular vote in recent elections and makes every
effort to e~~ploit Icelandts feeling of isolationism and dis-
like for certain aspects of American culture to encourage
resentment against the United States. Its concentrated
propaganda effoxts have been only moderately successful.
yThile Communist and some nationalist elements often dis-
play hostility toward Americans, a substantial majority of
Icelanders are receptive to friendly relations with Ameri-
cans if they are treated as equals and especially if .~uneri-
cans display an appreciation of Icelandic history and
culture.
Z%Torld V~Iar II anti the Air Age have brought Icelanders
into immediate contact with many previously unknown aspects
of tifestern culture. As a xesult, Iceland has had to assimi-
late rapidly certain aspects of an alien culture, particularly
those of a material nature: Although U. S. military per-
sonnel are generally restricted to the base area, it has been
impossible, under. the circumstances, for Iceland to prevent
many members of its population from coming into contact
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A. BACKGiZOUN~ (~ ontinucd) .
with 1Lmericans azid thereby absoxbii~,g some aspects of
Western civilization. Some irritation, and resentment of
American culture, especially ainong''oldcr elements of
the Ycelandic population, has beeiz inevitable.
There is some Icelandic jealousy o# American P~.
and commissary privileges on the military base but tba,s
is not ari important issue. More important to Icelander,
working at the base is the attitude- of,~nerican. p~x~ox~n~l?
especially LT, S. civilian construction. pexsonnel in super-
visory pasitxonsy and it,is therefore 'imperative that thi$ '
attitude remain sympathetic arid`comprehensxvs~ . .
tTSIS. carries on d. $a3lored program through its pzes~,
motion picture, in.forzxiation center, ,exhibits, exchange of
persons and visiting artists activities. Each of these activx~
ties has shown favorable tangible results.
ICA has a small but active technical assistance pro>
gram with an annual budget. of about !,100, 000, operated '
presently undex direction of the I;Jconomic Counselor of
Embassy. rlppro:tixnately 50% cif these funds are used fox
training Icelanders for special skills required for the con>
struetion and maintenance of the defense facilities, there-
by malting possible additional employment of Icelanders on
the military" base. The ICA programs are considered
highly effective in promoting understanding between
Icelanders and 1Ln~.ericans at I{eflavik, They provide '
Icelanders with a feeling. of pride that they are able to -
take on greater xe sponsibilitie- s isz connection with con-
struction and maintenance activitiesl~ at the ?~:~,se. In addi-
tion, since March, Y95b, the LTnitecll,States through ICA has
made available to I~cel,and in direct dollar loans and indirect
credits o# other currencies the equivalent of $18.6 million
for major pxojects.
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ICELAND
B. PERSONNEL STI~.ENGTH DAT.~.
July 1, 1957 July 1, 1958 r~1et -
Stren~;th Estimated Strength Chan e
Tatal Military
5, 326
Total Civilian
?.52
Grand Tatal
5,
578
~.~r~rwrww w...~wes rrr.~mri'~~ru+.. .~e.~ia.~. .rw.mi .~~.
I
vErENSE
Military Personnel
Civilian Personnel
TOTAL
b9, 823
456
?0, 279
55, 119 - 14, ?04
55, 119 r 14, ?04
632 ~ 176
55, 751 - 1~'., 52a
rwmmm-----.,s_r_..~.a.._..__....__._m.. .. m.~rr~---?'w--m.r wim=
rY~Alr~^~~~rmrr rmrrrrr..r mrroro~rmrrrrr~b~rrrmrr rrrrrrr.~r.~/rrrr
STATE
65 ,~
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B. PERSONNEL STRENGTH DATA (Continued)
July 1, 1957 July 1, 195E3 Net
Strength Estimated Strenr~th Chzn;e
ICA
? 1 ~~?
25X1
-r_-------rrrr__rr_rrrr__rrr_r_r_rrrr___rrrr_r__..-?-__r_r~
rrrw rrr rrr ran rw.rrrrrr rr rr wrrrrrrrrr.-rrr rr rr rr rw rrrrrrrr rr r+a
USIA
_______
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C. P.R.OIILL1ViS l,ND 11DMINISTR~A.TIV~,,',I'ItL1CTICT:S
Y. Common Problems
ao Problem -> Personnel Factors
_.-_._
To ensure that U. S. porsonnel and their dependents
stationod ovvrt~eae are positively motivated and st~#`'i-
cia;ztly know'Ledgeable of the lanLaa,ge, culture, laws and
mores of host countries to creat'o a more favorable
attitude towards the U. S. Government and its people.
./1 special training-film and brochure have been pre-
pa~ed for orientation of all. U. ~ soldiers on arrival in
Korea, This film covers Korean customs and ways of
life. i
b. Problem -> Usc of Land
...__._.r~...
To ensure that U..: S. requirements for land arc held
to the absolute minimum consistent with U. S. programs
and that withdrawal of the land from local use creates tho
least possible problem for the local government and mini-
mizes the impact on the local economy.
U. ~. forces have taken care to use as little arable
land as possible for their installat9.ons.
c. Problem