LETTER TO MR. ALLEN DULLES FROM J. L. FROM, JR.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80B01676R001200160021-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 35
• Document Creation Date: December 14, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 10, 2003
• Sequence Number: 21
• Publication Date: April 25, 1961
• Content Type: LETTER

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U.S.S. GEORGE WASHINGTON (SSB(N)-598)
Care of Fleet Post Office
New York, New York
April 25, 1961
Mr. Allen Dulles, Director
Central Intelligence Agency
2430 "E" Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C.
A 63. day Polaris Patrol of our Gold Crew has just ended. When, a
l
few days hence, the Gold Crew is relieved by the Blue, the first such
cycle of Blue and Gold will be complete. After 30 days of supply and
refit alongside the submarine tender, PROTEUS, at the Holy Loch, Scot-
land, the U.S.S. GEORGE WASHINGTON (SSB(N)-598) again will be on sta-
tion. Through such future cycles Fleet Ballistic Missile Submarines
will be enabled to serve two-thirds of their duty on station. While
the cycle will become a routine, let not the purpose become obscure.
The FBM submarines are the most invulnerable deterrent force in
existence, always ready to answer aggression with instant retaliation.
This strength now serves in our country's search for peace. Under God's
guidance the freedom and peace won and preserved at so great a price by
those patriots for whom our ships are named will continue to bless our
nation.
J. L. FROM, RJR.
Commander, U.S. Navy
Commanding Officer
C
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SR 61-222/s
3 0 MRR 1961
Dear Ca nt I4 i :
STAT
O/DCI/I I: (30 Mar 63.)
Distribution:
Orig.&3. - Addressee
1 - ICI
1 - Col. Grogan
1
C- civis&encc.
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MEMORANDUM FOR: Mr. Dulles:
As you recall, when you talked to Dave
Kendall recently about this Conference, you were
inclined to attend. am attaching
the comments of I who recommends
that you decline the invitation.
Unless you really feel obligated to do this as
a result of the telephone call from Dave Kendall
and the letter from Admiral Carney, I recommend
talks on 17 April (San Juan), 7 May (at Mrs. Gate
'
Lloyd
s, although this will not be a hard one), 15
May (Association of General Counsels), 5 June
(Navy War College), 6 June
(Army War College), 9 June AAB
(Harvard Annual National 27 Mar 61
business Conference), and DATE )
you are still considering whether to make the
graduation address at the Nat'l War Lollege, 9 Ju~
FORM G NO. lUl WHICH MAY FORM 10.101
BE USED.
nE
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25 March 1961
MEMORANDUM FOR THE DIRECTOR:
1. This memorandum contains a recommendation in Paragraph 3.
2. The attached invitation from the U. S. Naval Academy to address
an inter-collegiate conference at Annapolis on April 28 is sponsored as
an extra-curricular matter by the Academy. The following points are noted:
(a) only a very few of the midshipmen and Academy faculty would be present
among the 325 guests to be invited; (b) the subject of the conference is
"Problems of Foreign Policy in Africa and the Near East," implying that you
would be expected to comment on policy matters; and (c) you are already
committed to speak a few weeks later to a larger, somewhat more representative
Navy audience at the Naval War College on June 5.
3. RECOMMEND: That you decline the invitation.
STA
Acting Assistant to the Director
cc: DDCI
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OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT
UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY
ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND
20 March 1961
Dear Mr. Dulles,
The United States Naval Academy will sponsor its first
student conference entitled "Problems of United States Foreign
Policy in Africa and the Near East" at the Naval Academy from
Wednesday, 26 April, through Saturday, 29 April. This meeting
will be attended by more than 120 outstanding college students
from over 50 institutions of higher learning located in the
eastern, midwestern, and southern parts of the United States
who have a keen interest in international affairs. Enclosed
are the brochure which outlines the organization, program, and
details of the Conference, and a list of the senior partici-
pants of the Conference who have already accepted our invitation.
On Friday evening, 28 April, a banquet will be held.
In attendance will be about 325 persons including the 120
conferees, midshipmen members of the Conference Staff, officers,
faculty members, and a limited number of other guests. This
banquet will be one of the highlights of the Conference.
Knowing that your experience as Director of the Central
Intelligence Agency has brought you in very close contact with
many problems of United States foreign affairs, you are
cordially invited to deliver the major address of the Conference
at the banquet on Friday evening, 28 April. I realize that
your position will not permit revelation of some aspects of
our foreign policy, particularly in Africa and the Near East.
You may, therefore, wish to speak generally on Communism or
Communism and the Cold War. If it is your desire, we will not
permit a publication of your address or invite the press to
the banquet.
The Naval Academy will have transportation available
for you and Mrs. Dulles from Washington and return if you so
wish, and accommodations will be made for you at Carvel Hall
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Hotel for the night of the banquet if desired.
The Naval Academy will be singularly honored by your
presence at the Conference. I hope that you will accept our
invitation.
Respectfully,
i`ames H. Mini
Captain, U. S. Navy
Acting Superintendent
Enclosures: Information and Agenda Brochure
List of Senior Participants
Mr. Allen W. Dulles
Director, Central Intelligence Agency
Washington, D. C.
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Senior participants who have
accepted invitations to
participate in NAFAC
PANELISTS Subject - "Forces that Shape U. S. Foreign Policy"
Senator Frank Church Senate Foreign Relations Committee
Mr. David Shepard Executive Vice-President, Standard Oil Corp.
Mr. Hanson W. Baldwin Military Editor, New York Times
Rear Admiral John M. Lee Director of the Po co-lMi llitary Policy
Division of the Office of the Chief of
Naval Operations
Ambassador Loy W. Henderson Former Ambassador to Pakistan and Egypt,
and Former Assistant Secretary of-State
ROUND-TABLE MODERATORS
Round Table
1. The Northern Tier
2. Muslim North Africa.
3. The Red Sea Nations
1~.. South and East Africa
~~. West Africa
6. The Oil Nations
7. Israel and the Arab
League
EMBASSY REPRESENTATIVES
Round Table
1. The Northern Tier
2. Muslim North Africa
3. The Red Sea Nations
1... South and East Africa
.5. West Africa
Moderator
Dr. James D. Atkinson
Dr. Elie Salem
Dr. Ralph K. Lewis
Mr. William H. Lewis
Mr. Harold Cooper
Mr. Edwin Wright
Dr. Jules Davids
Georgetown University
The Johns Hopkins
University.
Department of State
Department of State
Liberian Embassy
Foreign Service
Institute
Georgetown University
Representative
Mustafa Aksin, First Secretary
Dr. El-Mehdi, Ben Aboud,
Ambassador
Faisal A. Badawi, Attache of
Embassy
Mr. R. B. N. Wetmore,
Counsellor
Dr. W. C. Naude, Ambassador
Mr. Francis Dennis, Deputy
Chief of Mission
Mr. Ali Haider Sulaiman,
Ambassador
Embassy
Turkey
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
Federation of
Rhodesia and
Nyasaland
Union of
South Africa
Liberia
6. The Oil Nations
7. Israel and the Arab
League
Iraq
Mr. Ardeshir Zahedi, Ambassador Iran
Mr. Avraham Harman, Ambassador Israel
Mr. Mohamed Habib, Press UAR
Attache
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The United States Naval Academy Foreign
Affairs Conference has been planned and or-
ganized. by the midshipmen of the Naval Academy
Foreign Relations Club. The subject of the
conference is "Problems of United States Foreign
Policy in Africa and the Near East." The im-
portance of this subject is underscored daily
by the headlines of our newspapers and the
awakening realization that these two areas of
the world are vital to the security of the
United States and the Western World.
The financial support for this conference
has been generously donated by GENERAL FOODS
CORPORATION.
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Pages
I.
General Information
1
- 3
II.
Schedule of Events
4
III.
Institutions Invited
5
IV.
Introduction to Conference Topic
6
V.
Round Tables
7
- 18
VI.
Suggested Bibliography
19
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VII.
Midshipman Conference Staff and
Faculty Advisers
22
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 THE UNITr~, r 2~0~2y1 ~18~~Ol~~~J
26, 21, 28, 29 April 1961
Conference Subject
"Problems of United States Foreign Policy in Africa and the
Near East."
Major Objectives
1. To analyze the forces which shape and affect the execu-
tion of United States policies in Africa and the Near East.
2. To provide an opportunity for a beneficial exchange of
ideas on the conference subject by outstanding students of in-
stitutions of higher learning.
3. To examine the policies of the United States in order to
ascertain whether they are consonant with the kind of an Africa
and Near East that is best for the world as a whole.
4. To make recommendations in regard to what should be the
policies of the United States in Africa and the Near East.
The conferees will examine the political, social, and eco-
nomic conditions of Africa and the Near East and will analyze
the nature of the past and contemporary policies of the United
States in the light of these conditions.
Participants
More than 120 students from over 50 institutions of higher
learning will attend the conference. These students will be
college seniors, or especially selected juniors, who have a
keen interest in the field of international relations. The
panel members and round-table moderators will be outstanding
academic, business, newspaper, military, and political leaders
who are experts in African and Near Eastern affairs. The two
major addresses of the conference will be delivered by men of
national policy-making stature.
At the second plenary session of the conference a panel
discussion will be conducted by authorities in military,
political, and business affairs, and in public opinion. The
panelists will discuss the problems and the importance of
their respective fields in planning, forming, and executing
the foreign policies of the United States in Africa and the
Near East.
Representatives of selected foreign embassies will give
presentations to the round tables on the major domestic and
foreign problems of their countries.
It..
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Preparation
A bibliography of some of the current standard works on
the conference topic as well as an outline of subtopics to be
discussed by the round tables will be mailed to each conferee
well in advance of the conference. So that the meeting will
start from somewhat of a common basis, the delegates will be
expected to review much of this material before arriving at
the Naval Academy.
The conference will be divided into seven round tables,
each consisting of 16 members. Each round-table group will
study a particular geographical area as indicated below.
All sessions, generally, will be conducted on an informal
basis and parliamentary procedure will not be used except
when necessary.
Round Tables:
The round tables are:
1. The Northern Tier (Turkey, Iran, and Cyprus)
2. Muslim North Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia
and Libya)
3. The Red Sea Nations (Yemen, Saudi Arabia, United
Arab Republic, Jordan, Ethiopia, Somali Republic,
Aden, and Sudan)
4. South and East Africa (Southwest Africa, Union
of South Africa, Kenya, Uganda, Bechuanaland,
Malagasy, Tanganyika, Federation of Rhodesia
and Nyasaland, Mozambique, and Zanzibar)
5. West Africa (Congo nations, Nigeria, Ghana,
Guinea, Chad, Angola, Central African Republic,
Liberia, Council of Entente, Mali, Senegal,
Togo, and Mauritania)
6. The Oil Nations (Saudi Arabia, Kuwait,
Iran, and Iraq)
7. Israel and the Arab League
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oAaminis ra lve rrangements
Transportation - No travel reimbursement will be made
to those conferees from colleges within the Washington -
Baltimore Areas. Delegates who travel by public transpor-
tation will be reimbursed up to $25.00 of their round trip
fare. Conferees driving privately owned automobiles will
receive five cents a mile not to exceed $25.00 for the
shortest round trip highway distance between their schools
and Annapolis. A maximum of $25.00 will be alloted to the
total number of delegates traveling in the same car.
Round-Table Chairmen, advisers, panelists, and speakers,
except for those on government per diem, will be reimbursed
for actual expenses, including air or first class rail and
pull-man accommodations, if used.
Housing - All conferees while at the conference will
be housed without charge. Male students will b.- accommo-
dated in the visiting team quarters of the Naval Academy
Field House.
Female participants, advisers, and speakers will be
lodged in Carvel Hall, which is located next to the Academy
in the City of Annapolis. Senior participants receiving
government per diem will pay for their own hotel accommo-
dations.
Meals - From dinner, Wednesday, 26 April, through
lunch, ,Saturday, 29 April, meals will be furnished to
all conferees without charge. Male delegates will eat
with the Brigade of Midshipmen in the dining hall.
Female conferees will have breakfast in Carvel Hall.
Lunch and dinner will be served in the Severn Room of
Bancroft Hall.
Senior participants will have breakfast in Carvel
Hall and lunch in the Chesapeake Room of Bancroft Hall.
They may have dinner at the Naval Academy Officers'
Club..
Senior participants receiving government per diem
will pay for their own meals.
Detailed administrative information will be mailed
to NAFAC participants prior to the conference.
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 Ur S, NgVLAL ADOREIGN AFFAIRS CONFERENCE
702121 .CFA-RDP 8O BUTbT6R0D1200'
SCHEDULE OF EVENTS
Wednesday, 26 April 1961
Afternoon
l:OZS - 3:00 o'clock Registration
3:30 - 4:15 " Delegates View Brigade Parade (Alternate plan in
4:45 - 5:15
5:30 - 6:00
Evening
6:30-77 30
7:45 - 8:45
9:00 -10:00
?
?
event of inclement weather - Welcome address,
Orientation and Round Table familiarization,
3:30 - 5:30)
Welcome address by Superintendent, U. S. Naval
Academy, and Orientation of delegates
Round Table Orientation
Dinner
First Plenary Session - Keynote Address
Informal Reception for Conferees, Advisers, and
Speakers
Thursday, 27 April
Morning
7 :00--x:45 o'clock Breakfast
8:00 -11:30 it First Round Table'Session
11:45 -12:30 It Lunch
Afternoon
1:00 - 2:45 If Tour of the Naval Academy
3:00 - 5:30
Evening
6:3"C,------7 30
7:45 - 9:30
Friday, 28 April
Morning
7:00_7:45
8:00 -11:30
11:45) -12:30
o'clock
It
Afternoon
1:00 - 2:30
2:45 - 5:30
Evening
6 : 3Z O
7:4`- - 9:30
Saturday, 29
Mor nnl g
7:O0 - 7:45
8:00 - 9:45
10:00 -11:30
11:45 -12:30
April
Second Round Table Session
Dinner
Second Plenary Session - Panel Discussion - "Forces
that Shape U. S. Foreign Policy"
Breakfast
Third.Round Table Session
Lun c h
Visit to Academic Departments
Fourth Round Table Session
Dinner
Third Plenary Session - Major Address
Breakfast
Fifth Round Table Session
Fourth Plenary Session - Discussion and
Adoption of Conference Resolutions and
Closing of Conference
Lunch
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INSTITUTIONS INVITED
American University
St. John's College
A & M College of Texas
Swarthmore College
Auburn University
Temple University
Barnard College
The Citadel
Brandeis University
Tufts College
Bryn Mawr College
Catholi
Tulane University
c University
U. S. Air Force Academy
College of Notre Dame
Colle
e of Wil
U. S. Coast Guard Academy
g
liam and Mary
U. S. Merchant Marine Academy
Columbia University
D
k
U. S. Military Academy
u
e University
University
of
Alabama
Emory College
University
of
Chicago
Florida State University
University
of
Delaware
Fordham University
University
of
Florida
Georgetown University
University
of
Georgia
George Washington University
University
of
Maryland
Goucher College
University
of
Michigan
Harvard University
University
of
Notre Dame
Haverford College
University
of
Pennsylvania
Hood College
University
of
Pittsburgh
Howard University
University
of
South Carolina
Johns Hopkins University
University
of
Tennessee
Loyola College
Michi
an Stat
i
University
of
Virginia
g
e Un
versity
h
Vanderbilt
University
O
io State University
Pen
l
Vassar College
nsy
vania State University
Wake Forest College
Princeton University
West Virginia University
Rutgers University
Yale University
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Since World War II United States interests in Africa and
the Near East have expanded greatly. The Cold War has compelled
us to weigh the advantages of the friendship of these two areas
against the disadvantages to be suffered by the West if Africa
and the Near East were delivered into the Communist Bloc.
The sudden and recent radical emergence of nationalism and
anticolonialism has brought about a more attentive United States
interest in these areas. Colonialism has been attacked from every
side, and new states emerge daily as the drive toward political,
economic, and social development gathers momentum. We are reminded
constantly that our major allies are the colonial powers from whom
many of the people of these areas seek separation. Both Africa and
the Near East are areas of colonialism par excellence, and in the
contemporary period of anticolonialism the prestige of the United
States has suffered because of our association with colonist nations.
It should be noted, also, that because of the growing awareness
that our resources are not inexhaustible, the United States is
beginning to view the natural resources of Africa and the Near East
in a new light. Our trade, investments, aid programs, and other
involvements in these areas are growing and in some commodities
have reached significant proportions. At the same time we must
also be prepared to face a Eurafrica which would confederate in a
complementary way their capital, skills, and resources.
Whether or not the United States takes part in the contro-
versies of Africa and the Near East, we must reconcile ourselves
to the thought that what takes place in these two areas of the
world may have a decisive bearing on our future.
The problems of Africa and the Near East include some of the
major contemporary problems facing the Free World today. What
these problems are, how they. affect the United States, and how
United States foreign policy should be shaped to solve them consti-
tute the major themes of this conference.
A significant adjunct to these major themes is the foreign
policy making process in the United States. The conferees should
be reminded that the major foreign policies of the United States
generally are composed after due considerations have been given
to the economic, political, military, sociopsychological policies;
public opinion; our allies; and the over-all objectives of the
nation in the fields of foreign affairs and national security.
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The following outline has been included as an aid to
conferees in their preparation for discussion on their round
tables. The discussion will center upon an evaluation of
United States foreign policy, past, present, and future, in
each round table's area. From this discussion, each of the
seven round tables will attempt to define objectives of our
foreign policy and produce recommendations for attaining them
in its particular region.
If intelligent, concrete recommendations are to result,
all round table members should consider the following factors
in 'their region of study:
a. Geographic position
b. Ethnic background
c. Economic position and potential
d. Political history
e. Present political situation
f. Treaties, alliances, and other foreign commitments
g. Objectives of the USSR
h. Basic United States national security policy
i. United States foreign policy, present and future
The following pages contain a more detailed breakdown of
these factors for each of the round table areas. These sub-
topics will form the basis of the discussions in the round
tables.
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(Turkey, Iran, Cyprus)
1. Growth of Turkish republicanism from the days of the Young
Turks and Ataturk through the increasing autocracy of
Adnan Menderes to the provisional regime of Cemal Gursel.
2. Emergence of the Turkish economy from its traditional
feudalism.
3. Development of Turkey's natural resources and commercial
potential.
4. Importance of Turkey not merely as a buffer state athwart
the Dardanelles but as an effective deterrent to direct Russian
expansion in the Middle East.
5. Turkish military prowess and its effect and influence on the
Syrian region of the United Arab Republic, Iran, Iraq, and on
Turko-Grecian relations on Cyprus.
6. Effect and value of United States financial and military aid
in Turkey.
7. Iranian social progress under the Pahlevi dynasty. (Compari-
son with Turkish progress during the same era may be interesting.)
8. Condition of the nationalized oil industry in Iran.
9. Further developments of Iran's considerable natural resources.
10. Future of the regime of the Shah, considering the proximity
of the Soviet Union, the semi-autonomy of the Azerbaijanis, and
the extensive aid of the United States.
11. Role of Cyprus in United States policies.
12. Past and present United States policies in the Northern
Tier - short and long term.
13. Soviet aims and policies in the Northern Tier.
14. Recommended United States Policy.
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 Round Table Two
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MUSLIM NORTH AFRICA
(Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya)
1. Colonialism as a precursor of nationalism in North Africa.
2. Arab and European influences upon present North African
turmoil.
3. Effects of the native political struggles within the North
African nations upon the rise of nationalistic feeling.
4. Effects of Islam upon the economic development of the area.
5. United Nations and its influence upon industrial development
in the area.
6. Effect of the leadership of Habib Bourguiba in Tunisia and
throughout Northern Africa.
7. Ethnic complexes in the area.
8. World War II's effects upon the area.
9. Attempts, past and present, to integrate and unify the
various members of the multi-racial societies into nations.
10. Past and present United States policies.
11. Communist aims and policies.
12. Recommended United States policy.
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THE RED SEA NATIONS
(Yemen, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Republic, Jordan, Ethiopia,
the Somalilands, Aden, Sudan)
1. Role of Britain and France in the development of the Red Sea
nations since the fall of the Ottoman Empire.
2. Great Britain and Egypt, from 1882 occupation until the
Nasser-Naguib coup, stressing Egypt's economic development and
the triangular political struggle between Britain, the Palace,
and the Waf d .
3. Nasser's Egypt.
4. Syria's political and economic evolution.
5. Development of the Syro-Egyptian union.
6. Development of Saudi Arabia through the efforts of Ibn Saud.
7. Effect of the indigenous tribal organizations upon Arabia's
economy and growth.
8. Effect of Arabian oil on world politics.
9. Britain and the Aden Protectorate.
10. Ethiopia, stressing its inaccessability and the effects of
Italian occupation.
11. Haile Selassie's role in the development of Ethiopia.
12. Governments and economies of the separate Somali states.
13. Evolution of the Somali Republic and its prospective relation-
ships with neighboring Ethiopia.
14. Jordan under Abdullah, stressing its relations with Britain,
France, and the Arab League.
15. Jordan under Hussein.
16. Effect of the Israeli conflict upon the nations of the Red
Sea area.
17. Strategic importance of the Red Sea in a world conflict.
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18. Past and present United States policies.
11). Soviet aims and policies.
20". Recommended United States policy.
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 Round Table Four
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(South West Africa, Union of South Africa. Bechuanaland,
Mozambique, Malagasy Republic, Nyasaland-Rhodesian Federation,
Zanzibar, Kenya, Tanganyika, Uganda, Basutoland, Swaziland)
1. Economic, political, and cultural leadership potential of the
Union of South Africa.
2. Governmental racial policies in British protected Basutoland,
Swaziland, and Bechuanaland, as compared to the policies of the
Union of South Africa.
3. Influence of the apartheid policy of the Union of South Africa
upon the idea of racial equality in the Nyasaland-Rhodesian
Federation.
4+. Central African Federation.
5. Problem of Southwest Africa.
6. Mozambique, the anachronism of Eastern Africa.
7. Industrial and commercial potential of the Malagasy Republic.
8. Leadership potential of the Malagasy Republic, stressing its
rapid assimilation of Western culture.
9. Changing role of the United Kingdom in its African colonies.
10. Emergence of an affluent, educated class of Negroes with
effective leadership capabilities.
11. Feasibility of a union of Kenya, Tanganyika, and Uganda.
12. Position of the United States of America as an ally of the
United Kingdom and of Portugal in its relations with the states
of Eastern Africa.
13. Rising influence of Communist China in Eastern Africa.
l4. Russian influence in Eastern Africa.
15. Past and present policies of the United States in Southern
and Eastern Africa.
16. Recommended United States policy.
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 Round Table Five
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(Angola, Congo, Guinea, Congo Republic, Chad, Central African
Republic, Council of Entente, Mali, Senegal, Nigeria, Ghana,
Togo, Liberia, Mauritania)
1. Various native cultures and their effect upon the political
evolution of Africa.
2. Administration of British colonies in West Africa before and
during transition to free states.
3. Beginnings and early history of the Belgian Congo.
4. Angola, its background and its importance in the area.
5. Progress of the Belgian Congo and its effect upon West Africa.
6. Powerful influence of Houphouet-Boigny in West Africa.
7. The Mali Federation, its. economy and success.
8. Importance of Nigeria as a model for her neighbor nations.
9. Success of the secessionist Katanga Province, and its possible
role in a unified Congo.
10. Sekou Toure's role as an African leader.
11. Economic and political interdependence of the West African
nations.
12. Communications problem in West Africa and its influence upon
political and economic stability.
13. Importance and potential of the Council of the Entente.
14. Evolution and birth of Ghana.
15. Nkrumah and his opponents.
16. Liberian leaders and their influence in West Africa.
17. Interplay of indigenous and foreign cultures, and its
effects upon internal West African affairs.
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18. past and present United States policies.
19. Communist aims and policies.
20. Recommended United States policy.
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Round Table Six
THE OIL NATIONS
(Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iran, Iraq)
1. Islam's significance in the Oil Nations.
2. Effects of the British and French mandates upon the
political evolution of Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, and the other
nations.
3. Effect of the change in hegemony of the Bedouin Kingdom
(from Hussein to Ibn Saud in the 1920's) upon the current
political and economic situation.
It. Contrast between the growth of Turkey under Ataturk and
the growth of Iran under the Pahlevi dynasty.
5. Volatile minority situation in Iran.
6. The strategic importance of the Persian Gulf, the Gulf of
Oman, the Gulf of Aden, the Gulf of Aqaba.
?. Relative productivity and economic potential of the various
oil nations.
8. European and American development and exploitation of Middle
Eastern oil resources.
9. Variation in magnitude and importance of Soviet and United
States aid to the oil nations.
10. Baghdad Pact, both as a functioning organization and as a
precedent.
11. Effect of Iraqui internal strifes upon economic and political
development and the Baghdad pact.
12. Evolution of CENTO.
13. Importance of Kuwait.
14. Beginnings, growth, and reliability of the pipeline networks.
15. Royalties question.
16. Effect of Sahara oil upon Middle Eastern producers.
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17. Strategic importance of the entire area in the sbetween the Communist and Free Worlds.
18. Past and present-United States policies - short and long
term.
19. Communist aims and policies.
20. Recommended United States policy.
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Round Table Seven
ISRAEL AND THE ARAB LEAGUE
1. Development of the Jewish nationalist movement from Russian
pogroms subsequent to the assassination of Alexander II to the
publication of the Balfour Declaration.
2. Effects of British foreign policy shifts from the Balfour
Declaration until the emergence of Israel in 1948, including
the effects of the "White Papers."
3. Emergence of the state of Israel from the declaration of
her independence to the present, with special emphasis on the
influence of world opinion as manifested in the United Nations.
4. Arab unanimity from the disintegration of the: Caliphate to
the establishment of an Arab League.
5. Emergence of nationalism in the Arab states, emphasizing
the effect of colonial policies.
6. Islam as a force in the Middle East.
7. Effect of Israel's emergence on the nationalist movement
in Arab states.
8. Basis for dispute between Israel and the Arab states.
9. Development of Israeli party policies.
10. Naguib and Nasser.
11. Events leading up to the Suez Campaign.
12. Roles of Western powers in the Suez Campaign.
13. United Nations and the Suez Crisis.
14. Refugee question.
15. Israeli-Arab arms race.
16. Effectiveness of the United Nations truce team.
17. Current diplomatic stalemate between Israel and the Arab
League.
18. Israeli-Arab conflict as a possible primer for world
conflagration.
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19. Soviet interests in the Israeli-Arab dispute.
20. past and present recommended United States policy with
regard to the Israeli-Arab dispute.
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 Approved For043W7IQM0B01676R001200160021-1
We have included this list of readings as an aid to the
conferee. It is by no means comprehensive and is not intended
to take the place of individual research. Familiarity with
these sources, however, will be an asset to the conferee.
Most of the books cover relatively broad areas, and include
extensive bibliographies which the conferee will find of value.
BOOKS
Africa
Adam, Thomas A., Government and Politics in Africa South of the
Sahara, Random House, New York, 1 59
Bourret, F. M., Ghana: the Road to Independence, 1919-1957,
Stanford University Press, Cal. 1956
Brown, W. O.,and Carter, G. M., (eds.) Studies in Political
Adaptation, Boston University Press, Boston,
Cowan, Gray L., Local Government in West Africa, Columbia
University Press, New York, 195
Emerson, Rupert, From Empire to Nation, Harvard University Press,
Cambridge, Mass., 1960
Goldschmidt, Walter,(ed.) The United States and Africa, Columbia
University Press, New York,
Murdock, George, Africa-Its People, Culture and History, McGraw-
Hill, New York, 1959
Theobald, Robert, The New Nations of West Africa, H. W. Wilson and
Co., New York, 19bO
Smith, W. C., Islam in Modern History, New American Library,
New York, 1957-
Middle East
Campbell, John C., Defense of the Middle East, Harper Brothers,
New. York, 1960
Dean, Vera M., The Nature of the Non-Western World, Mentor Books,
New York, 195
Ellis, Harry B., Challenge in the Middle East, The Ronald Press,
New York, 1960
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 Kirk, GeorgeARprgvgo,6Q1tRgj!a 2 O3d /feCtRD 80EM 7?ROO A6O 1 ks,
New York, 1960
Laqueur, Walter Z., The Soviet Union and the Middle East, Praeger
Books, New York, 1959
Laqueur, Walter Z., Communism and Nationalism in the Middle East,
Praeger Books, New York,
Lenczowski, George, Oil and State in the Middle East, Cornell
University Press, New York, 1
O'Ballance, Edgar, The Sinai Campaign, Praeger Books, New York,
1.959
Among many periodicals which have contained articles on the
conference topic, these are especially recommended for their
authoritative and scholarly presentations.
Africa Digest - Published by Africa Publications Trust, 65
Dennison House, Vauxhall Bridge Road, London, England
Atlantic Monthly - Published at 8 Arlington St., Boston, Mass.
External Research - Africa - Bureau of Intelligence and Research,
~> tate Department, Oct. 1960
External Research - Middle East - Bureau of Intelligence and
Research, State Department, ct. 1960
Foreign Affairs - Published by Council on Foreign Relations,
5 East 777E., New York 21, New York
International Journal - Published by the Canadian Institute of
International Affairs, 320 Black Street, Toronoto 5, Canada
International Organization - Published by the World Peace
Foundation, 110 Mount Vernon Street, Boston, Mass.
Journal of African History - Published by the School of Oriental
and African Studies, University of London, London, England
Middle Eastern Affairs - Published by the Council for Middle
Eastern Affairs, Inc., 333 West 86th Street, New York
National Geographic Magazine - Published by National Geographic
Society, Washington, D. C.
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Orbis - Published by the Foreign Policy Research Institute,
University of Pennsylvania, 133 South 36th Street, Philadelphia
4, Pennsylvania
Reporter, The - Published by Max Ascoli, 660 Madison Avenue,
New York 27, New York
United Nations Review - Published by the office of Public
Information, United Nations Headquarters, New York, New York
World Politics - Published by the Center on International Studies,
Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
Another especially useful source is the News of the Week in
Review Section published every Sunday in the New York Times.
Though these periodicals contain many articles of value, we
especially recommend the following specific references which we
feel are highly valuable to those seeking knowledge on the various
topics here considered:
Contemporary Review 193:257 May '58 "Arab Destiny"
Economist 188:373-374 August 2, '58 "Coming to Terms with the Arabs"
Foreign Affairs 37:649-659 July '59 "Change and Conflict in the
Horn of Africa"
International Affairs 34:305-17 July '58 "New Groupings among
Arab States"
International Affairs 34:435-43 October '58 "Storm Clouds over
the Horn of Africa'
Middle Eastern Affairs 9:126-34 April '58 "Fusion and Confusion;
Arab Merger and Realignment"
Middle Eastern Affairs 9:50-8 February '58 "Yemen"
Round Table 48:229-37 January '58 "New Arab Pattern, Federal
Union in Middle East"
United States Department of State Bulletin 41:118-2 July 27, '59
American Foreign Policy in Middle East"
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Midshipman Conference Staff
Midshipman Director J. J. Connell
Secretary S. A. Garrison
AGENDA CORRESPONDENCE
M.
A.
Freney
H.
F.
Dalton
H.
J.
Barfield
W.
L.
Lunsford
A.
H.
Toreson
W.
A.
Dalton
M.
J.'
R.
C.
J.
W.
A.
S.
McMahon
Sheehan
Life
Roberts
T.
C.
A.
C.
N.
L.
Royal
Tozer
Lutz
H.
H.
Swinburne
HOUSING & MESSING PRINTING
PUBLIC RELATIONS
A.
C.
C.
W.
W.
G.
R.
L.
T.
W.
Dessayer
Vinson
Howard
Cranfill
Maldonado
M.
R.
J.
G.
R.
J.
I.
F.
M.
C.
Madden
Newton
Jordan
Hewitt
Trimpert
G.
J.
M.
F.
W.
W.
E. Yarbrough
C. Warthin
Jaquin
J. Yeager
A. Bracker
Davies
RECEPTION SECRETARIAT
TRAINING AIDS
N.
S.
Carps
E.
L.
Keller
J.
B.
Berkley
C.
A.
Fryer
E.
L.
Warner
A.
D.
Gezelman
L.
J.
Willetts
V.
S.
Hjelm
S.
M.
Winston
C.
G.
Morrison
J.
H.
Lewis
J.'D.
Buckelew
P.
D.
C.
V.
G.
D.
NcMammon
O'Clary
Alley
TRANSPORTATION
A.
J.
Desrosiers
D.
C.
West
J.
C.
Sand
F.
N.
Hamly
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 Approved For Release 2003/02/27 : CIA-RDP80B01676R001200160021-1
Faculty Advisers
Captain D. M. Rubel, USN
Dr. W. I. Jeffries
Dr. J. R. Probert
Mr. S. Eldredge
Lieutenant J. A. Garrow, USN
Lieutenant Commander D. J. Dunham,
SC, USN
Commander T. H. K. Russell, SC,USN
Dr. P. E. Coletta
Lieutenant H. F. Hicks, Jr., USN
Dr. R. M. Paone
Commander M. R. Wyatt, USN
Dr. A. A. Richmond, III
Dr. W. L. Calderhead
Mr. R. M. Langdon
Dr. A. W. Saville
Dr. W. L. Belote
Dr. J. W. Huston
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