STATE OF THE UNION MESSAGE BY THE PRESIDENT TO A JOINT SESSION OF THE CONGRESS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80B01676R000500010039-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 43
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 29, 2009
• Sequence Number: 39
• Publication Date: January 4, 1965
• Content Type: SPEECH

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STATE OF THE UNION MESSAGE
BY THE PRESIDENT TO A
JOINT SESSION OF THE CONGRESS
January 4, 1965
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State of the Union Message
By the President to a
Joint Session of the Congress
January 4, 1965
MR. SPEAKER, MR. ]PRESIDENT, MEMBERS OF CONGRESS,
MY FELLOW AMERICANS:
On this Hill which was my home, I am stirred by old
friendships.
Though total agreement between the Executive and the
Congress is impossible, total respect is important.
I am proud to be among my colleagues of the Congress
whose legacy to their trust is their loyalty to their Nation.
I am not unaware of the inner emotions of the new Mem-
bers of this body tonight.
Twenty-eight years ago, I felt as you do :now. You will soon
learn that you are among men whose first love is their country,
men who try each day to do as best they can what they
believe is right.
We are entering the third century of the pursuit of Ameri-
can union.
Two hundred years ago, in 1765, nine assembled colonies
first joined together to demand freedom from arbitrary power.
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For the first century we struggled to hold together the first
continental union of democracy in the history of man. One
hundred years ago, in 1865, following a terrible test of blood
and fire, the compact of union was finally sealed.
For a second century we labored to establish a unity of
purpose and interest among the many groups which make up
the American community.
That struggle has often brought pain and violence. It is
not yet over. But we have achieved a unity of interest among
our people that is unmatched in the history of freedom.
And so tonight, now, in 1965, we begin a new quest for
union. We seek the unity of man with the world that he has
built-with the knowledge that can save or destroy him-
with the cities which can stimulate or stifle him-with the
wealth and the machines which can enrich or menace his
spirit.
We seek to establish a harmony between man and society
which will allow each of us to enlarge the meaning of his life
and all of us to elevate the quality of our civilization.
This is the search that we begin tonight.
But the unity we seek cannot realize its full promise in
isolation. For today the state of the union depends, in large
measure, upon the state of the world.
Our concern and interest, compassion and vigilance, ex-
tend to every corner of a dwindling planet.
Yet, it is not merely our concern but the concern of all free
men. We will not, and we should not, assume that it is the
task of Americans alone to settle all the conflicts of a torn
and troubled world.
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Let the foes of freedom take no comfort from this. For
in concert with other nations, we shall help men defend their
freedom.
Our first aim remains the safety and the well-being of our
own country.
We are prepared to live as good neighbors with all, but we
cannot be indifferent to acts designed to injure our interests,
or our citizens, or our establishments abroad. The commu-
nity of nations requires mutual respect. We shall extend it-
and we shall expect it.
In our relations with the world we shall follow the example
of Andrew Jackson who said : "I intend to ask for nothing
that is not clearly right and to submit to nothing that is
wrong." And he promised, that "the honor of my country
shall never be stained by an apology from me for the state-
ment of truth or for the performance of duty." That was
this Nation's policy in the 1830's and that is this Nation's
policy in the 1960's.
Our own freedom and growth have never been the final
goal of the American dream.
We were never meant to be an oasis of liberty and abun-
dance in a worldwide desert of disappointed dreams. Our
Nation was created to help strike away the chains of ignorance
and misery and tyranny wherever they keep man less than
God means him to be.
We are moving toward that destiny, never more rapidly
than we have moved in. the last 4 years.
In this period we have built a military power strong enough
to meet any threat and destroy any adversary. And that
superiority will continue to grow so long as this office is
mine-and you sit on Capitol Hill.
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In this period no new nation has become Communist, and
the unity of the communist empire has begun to crumble.
In this period we have resolved in friendship our disputes
with our neighbors of the hemisphere, and joined in an Al-
liance for Progress toward economic growth and political
democracy.
In this period we have taken more steps toward peace--
including the test ban treaty-than at any time since the
cold war began.
In this period we have relentlessly pursued our advances
toward the conquest of space.
Most important of all, in this period, the United States
has re-emerged into the fullness of its self-confidence and
purpose. No longer are we called upon to get America mov-
ing. We are moving. No longer do we doubt our strength
or resolution. We are strong and we have proven our
resolve.
No longer can anyone wonder whether we are in the grip
of historical decay. We know that history is ours to make.
And if there is great danger, there is now also the excitement
of great expectations.
Yet we still live in a troubled and perilous world. There
is no longer a single threat. There are many. They differ
in intensity and in danger. They require different attitudes
and different answers.
With the Soviet Union we seek peaceful understandings
that can lessen the danger to freedom.
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Last fall I asked the American people to choose that course.
I will carry forward their command.
If we are to live together in peace, we must come to know
each other better.
I am sure that the American people would welcome a
chance to listen to the Soviet leaders on our television-as I
would like the Soviet people to hear our leaders on theirs.
I hope the new Soviet leaders can visit America so they
can learn about our country at first hand.
In Eastern Europe restless nations are slowly beginning to
assert their identity. Your Government, assisted by the
leaders in American labor and business, is now exploring
ways to increase peaceful trade with these countries and
with the Soviet Union.. I will report our conclusions to the
Congress.
In Asia, communism wears a more aggressive face.
We see that in Vietnam.
Why are we there:'
We are there, first, because a friendly nation has asked us
for help against the Communist aggression. Ten years ago
our President pledged our help. Three Presidents have
supported that pledge, and we will not break it now.
Second, our own security is tied to the peace of Asia.
Twice in one generation we have had to fight against aggres-
sion in the Far East. To ignore aggression now would only
increase the danger of: a much larger war.
Our goal is peace in Southeast Asia. That will come only
when aggressors leave their neighbors in peace.
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What is at stake is the cause of freedom and in that cause
America will never be found wanting.
But communism is not the only source of trouble and un-
rest. There are older and deeper sources-in the misery of
nations and in man's irrepressible ambition for liberty and a
better life.
With the free Republics of Latin America I have always
felt-and my country has always felt-very special ties of
interest and affection. It will be the purpose of my Admin-
istration to strengthen these ties. Together we share and
shape the destiny of the new world and in the coming year I
hope to pay a visit to Latin America. And I will steadily
enlarge our commitment to the Alliance for Progress as the
instrument of our war against poverty and injustice in this
hemisphere.
In the Atlantic community we continue to pursue our goal
of 20 years-a Europe that is growing in strength, unity, and
cooperation with America. A great unfinished task is the
reunification of Germany through self-determination.
This European policy is not based on any abstract design.
It is based on the realities of common interests and common
values, common dangers and common expectations. These
realities will continue to have their way-especially, I think,
in our expanding trade and especially in our common defense.
Free Americans have shaped the policies of the United
States. And because we know these realities, those policies
have been, and will be, in the interest of Europe.
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Free Europeans must shape the course of Europe. And,
for the same reasons, that course has been, and will be, in
our interest and in the interest of freedom.
I found this truth confirmed in my talks with European
leaders in the last year. I hope to repay these visits to some
of our friends in Europe this year.
In Africa and Asia we are witnessing the turbulent unfold-
ing of new nations and continents.
We welcome them to the society of nations.
We are committed to help those seeking to strengthen their
own independence, and to work most closely with those gov-
ernments dedicated to the welfare of all of their people.
We seek not fidelity to an iron faith, but a diversity of belief
as varied as man himself. We seek not to extend the power
of America but the progress of humanity. We seek not to
dominate others but to strengthen the freedom of all people.
I will seek new ways to use our knowledge to help deal with
the explosion in world population and the growing scarcity in
world resources.
Finally, we renew our commitment to the continued growth
and the effectiveness of the United Nations. The frustra-
tions of the United Nations are a product of the world that
we live in, and not of the institution which gives them voice.
It is far better to throw these differences open to the assembly
of nations than to permit them to fester in silent danger.
These are some of the goals of the American Nation in the
world in which we live.
For ourselves we seek neither praise nor blame, neither
gratitude nor obedience.
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We seek peace.
We seek freedom.
We seek to enrich the life of man.
For that is the world in which we will flourish and that is
the world that we mean for all men to ultimately have.
World affairs will continue to call upon our energy and
our courage.
But today we can turn increased attention to the char-
acter of American life.
We are in the midst of the greatest upward surge of eco-
nomic well-being in the history of any nation.
Our flourishing progress has been marked by price sta-
bility that is unequalled in the world. Our balance of pay-
ments deficit has declined and the soundness of our dollar
is unquestioned. I pledge to keep it that way and I urge
business and labor to cooperate to that end.
We worked for two centuries to climb this peak of pros-
perity. But we are only at the beginning of the road to the
Great Society. Ahead now is a summit where freedom from
the wants of the body can help fulfill the needs of the spirit.
We built this Nation to serve its people.
We want to grow and build and create, but we want prog-
ress to be the servant and not the master of man.
We do not intend to live in the midst of abundance, isolated
from neighbors and nature, confined by blighted cities and
bleak suburbs, stunted by a poverty of learning and an empti-
ness of leisure.
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The Great Society asks not how much, but how good;
not only how to create wealth but how to use it; not only
how fast we are going, but where we are headed.
It proposes as the first test for a nation: the quality of its
people.
This kind of society will not flower spontaneously from
swelling riches and surging power.
It will not be the gift of government or the creation of
Presidents.
It will require of every American, for many generations,
both faith in the destination and the fortitude to make the
journey.
And like freedom itself, it will always be challenge and
not fulfillment.
And tonight we accept that challenge.
A NATIONAL AGENDA
I propose that we begin a program in education to ensure
every American child the fullest development of his mind and
skills.
I propose that we begin a massive attack on crippling and
killing diseases.
I propose that we launch a national effort to make the
American city a better and a more stimulating place to live.
I propose that we increase the beauty of America and end
the poisoning of our rivers and the air that we breathe.
I propose that we carry out a new program to develop
regions of our country that are now suffering from distress
and depression.
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I propose that we make new efforts to control and prevent
crime and delinquency.
I propose that we eliminate every remaining obstacle to
the right and the opportunity to vote.
I propose that we honor and support the achievements of
thought and the creations of art.
I propose that we make an all-out campaign against waste
and inefficiency.
THE TASK
Our basic task is threefold :
First, to keep our economy growing;
- to open for all Americans the opportunity that is now
enjoyed by most Americans;
- -- and to improve the quality of life for all.
In the next 6 weeks I will submit special messages with
detailed proposals for national action. in each of these areas.
Tonight I would like just briefly to explain some of my
major recommendations in the three main areas of national
need.
1. A GROWING ECONOMY
First, we must keep our nation prosperous. We seek full
employment opportunity for every American citizen. I will
present a budget designed to move the economy forward.
More money will be left in the hands of the consumer by a
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substantial cut in excise taxes. We will continue along the
path toward a balanced budget in a balanced economy.
I confidently predict-what every economic sign tells us
tonight-the continued flourishing of the American economy.
But we must remember that fear of a recession can con-
tribute to the fact of a. recession. The knowledge that our
Government will, and can, move swiftly will strengthen the
confidence of investors and business.
Congress can reinforce this confidence by insuring that
its procedures permit rapid action on temporary income tax
cuts. And special funds for job-creating public programs
should be made available for immediate use if recession
threatens.
Our continued prosperity demands continued price stabil-
ity. Business, labor, and the consumer all have a high stake
in keeping wages and prices within the framework of the
guideposts that have already served the Nation so well.
Finding new markets abroad for our goods depends on
the initiative of American business. But we stand ready-
with credit and other help-to assist the flow of trade which
will benefit the entire Nation.
Our economy owes much to the efficiency of our farmers.
We must continue to assure them the opportunity to earn a
fair reward. I have instructed the Secretary of Agriculture
to lead a major effort to find new approaches to reduce the
heavy cost of our farm programs and to direct more of our
effort to the small farmer who needs the help the most.
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Increased Prosperity
We can help insure continued prosperity through :
-- - a Regional Recovery Program to assist the de-
velopment of stricken areas left behind by our national
progress ;
-- - further efforts to provide our workers with the
skills demanded by modem technology, for the laboring
man is an indispensable force in the American system;
-- - the extension of the minimum wage to more than
2 million unprotected workers;
-- - the improvement and the modernization of the
unemployment compensation system.
And as pledged in our 1960 and 1964 Democratic plat-
forms, I will propose to Congress changes in the Taft-Hartley
Act including Section 14-B. I will do so hoping to reduce
the conflicts that for several years have divided Americans
in various states of our Union.
In a country that spans a continent modern transportation
is vital to continued growth.
Transportation for Growth
I will recommend heavier reliance on competition in trans-
portation and a new policy for our merchant marine.
I will ask for funds to study high-speed rail transportation
between urban centers. We will begin with test projects
between Washington and Boston. On high-speed trains,
passengers could travel this distance in less than 4 hours.
II. OPPORTUNITY FOR ALL
Second, we must open opportunity to all our people.
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Most Americans enjoy a good life. But far too many
are still trapped in poverty, and idleness, and fear.
Let a just nation throw open to them the city of promise :
- - to the elderly, by providing hospital care under
social security and by raising benefit payments to those
struggling to maintain the dignity of their later years;
- - to the poor and the unfortunate, through dou-
bling the war against poverty this year;
- - to Negro Americans, through enforcement of the
civil rights law and elimination of barriers to the right
to vote;
- - to those in other lands that are seeking the
promise of America, through an immigration law based
on the work a man. can do and not where he was born
or how he spells his name.
Our third goal is to improve the quality of American life.
Through Education
We begin with learning.
Every child must have the best education that this Nation
can provide.
Thomas Jefferson said that no nation can be both ignorant
and free. Today no nation can be both ignorant and great.
In addition to our existing programs, I will recommend a
new program for schools and students with a first year au-
thorization of $1,500 million.
It will help at every stage along the road to learning.
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For the preschool years we will help needy children be-
come aware of the excitement of learning.
For the primary and secondary school years we will aid
public schools serving low-income families and assist students
in both public and private schools.
For the college years we will provide scholarships to high
school students of the greatest promise and the greatest need
and we will guarantee low-interest loans to students con-
tinuing their college studies.
New laboratories and centers will help our schools - - help
them lift their standards of excellence and explore new
methods of teaching. These centers will provide special
training for those who need and those who deserve special
treatment.
Through Better Health
Greatness requires not only an educated people but a
healthy people.
Our goal is to match the achievements of our medicine
to the afflictions of our people.
We already carry on a large program in this country for
research and health.
In addition, regional medical centers can provide the
most advanced diagnosis and treatment for heart disease,
and cancer, and stroke, and other major diseases.
New support for medical and dental education will pro-
vide the trained people to apply our knowledge.
Community centers can help the mentally ill and improve
health care for school-age children from poor families, in-
cluding services for the mentally retarded.
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Through Improving the World We Live In
The City
An educated and healthy people require surroundings in
harmony with their hopes.
In our urban areas the central problem today is to protect
and restore man's satisfaction in belonging to a community
where he can find security and significance.
The first step is to break old patterns-to begin to think,
and work, and plan for the development of the entire
metropolitan areas. We will take this step with new pro-
grams of help for the basic community facilities and for
neighborhood centers of health and recreation.
New and existing programs will be open to those cities
which work together to develop unified long-range policies
for metropolitan areas.
We must also make some very important changes in our
housing programs if we are to pursue these same basic goals.
So a Department of Housing and Urban Development
will be needed to spearhead this effort in our cities.
Every citizen has the right to feel secure in his home and
on the streets of his community.
To help control crime, we will recommend programs :
- - to train local law enforcement officers;
- - to put the best techniques of modern science at
their disposal ;
- - to discover the causes of crime and better ways
to prevent it.
I will soon assemble a panel of outstanding experts of this
Nation to search out answers to the national problem of
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crime and delinquency, and I welcome the recommendations
and the constructive efforts of the Congress.
The Beauty Of America
For over three centuries the beauty of America has sus-
tained our spirit and has enlarged our vision. We must act
now to protect this heritage. In a fruitful new partnership
with the States and the cities the next decade should be a
conservation milestone. We must make a massive effort to
save the countryside and to establish-as a green legacy for
tomorrow-more large and small parks, more seashores and
open spaces than have been created during any other period
in our national history.
A new and substantial effort must be made to landscape
highways to provide places of relaxation and recreation
wherever our roads run.
Within our cities imaginative programs are needed to land-
scape streets and to transform open areas into places of
beauty and recreation.
We will seek legal power to prevent pollution of our air
and water before it happens. We will step up our effort to
control harmful wastes, giving first priority to the cleanup
of our most contaminated rivers. We will increase research
to learn much more about the control of pollution.
We hope to make the Potomac a model of beauty here in
the Capital, and preserve unspoiled stretches of some of our
waterways with a Wild Rivers bill.
More ideas for a beautiful America will emerge from a
White House Conference on Natural Beauty which I will
soon call.
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We must also recognize and encourage those who can be
pathfinders for the Nation's imagination and understanding.
To help promote and honor creative achievements, I will
propose a National Foundation on the Arts.
To develop knowledge which will enrich our lives and
ensure our progress, I will recommend programs to encourage
basic science, particularly in the universities-and to bring
closer the day when the oceans will supply our growing need
for fresh water.
For government to serve these goals it must be modern in
structure, efficient in action, and ready for any emergency.
I am busy currently reviewing the structure of the entire
executive branch of this government. I hope to reshape it
and to reorganize it to meet more effectively the tasks of
the 20th century.
Wherever waste is found, I will eliminate it.
Last year we saved almost 3 billion 500 million dollars
by eliminating waste in the National Government.
And I intend to do better this year.
And very soon I will report to you on our progress and on
new economies that your Government plans to make.
Even the best of government is subject to the worst of
hazards.
I will propose laws to insure the necessary continuity of
leadership should the President become disabled or die.
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In addition, I will propose reforms in the Electoral Col-
lege-leaving undisturbed the vote by States-but making
sure that no elector can substitute his will for that of the
people.
Last year, in a sad moment, I came here and I spoke to you
after 33 years of public service, practically all of them here
on this Hill.
This year I speak after 1 year as President of the United
States.
Many of you in this Chamber are among my oldest
friends. We have shared many happy moments and many
hours of work, and we have watched many Presidents to-
gether. Yet, only in the White House can you finally know
the full weight of this office.
The greatest burden is not running the huge operations
of Government--or meeting daily troubles, large and small--
or even working with the Congress.
A President's hardest task is not to do what is right, but
to know what is right.
Yet the Presidency brings no special gift of prophecy or
foresight. You take an oath, you step into an office, and
you must then help guide a great democracy.
The answer was waiting for me in the land where I was
born.
It was once barren land. The angular hills were covered
with scrub cedar and a few large live oaks. Little would
grow in that harsh caliche soil of my country. And each
spring the Pedernales River would flood our valley.
But men came and they worked and they endured and
they built.
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And tonight that country is abundant; abundant with
fruit and cattle and goats and sheep, and there are pleasant
homes and lakes and the floods are gone.
Why did men come to that once forbidding land?
Well, they were restless, of course, and they had to be
moving on. But there was more than that. There was a
dream-a dream of a place where a free man could build
for himself, and raise his children to a better life-a dream
of a continent to be conquered, a world to be won, a nation
to be made.
Remembering this, I knew the answer.
A President does not shape a new and personal vision of
America.
He collects it from the scattered hopes of the American
past.
It existed when the first settlers saw the coast of a new
world, and when the first pioneers moved westward.
It has guided us every step of the way.
It sustains every President. But it is also your inheritance
and it belongs equally to all the people that we all serve.
It must be interpreted anew by each generation for its
own needs; as I have tried, in part, to do tonight.
It shall lead us as we enter the third century of the search
for "a more perfect union.."
This, then, is the state of the Union : Free, and restless,
growing, and full of hope.
So it was in the beginning.
So it shall always be, while God is willing, and we are
strong enough to keep the faith.
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e_ a LM UUV ..egistry
21 May 1965
SUBJECT: Meeting of the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board
2:30 p.m. - 21 May 1965 - Room 297 EOB
PRESENT: Chairman Clark Clifford:, Honorable Robert Murphy, Dr. Langer,
Honorable Gordon Gray; Dr. Edwin Land; Dr. William Baker;
Honorable Frank Pace; Permanent Secretary Patrick Coyne and
Mr. Coyne's assistant.
Chairman Clifford opened the conference with the statement that for
this particular meeting of the PFIAB, there would be a one-daytsession.
Normally it would be atwo-da,y session. He went on to say that this particular
meeting the Board desired to brief the DCI on the Board's manner of operations
and each member of the Board would bring out items which he would like the
DCI to consider and reflect on, with appropriate action as he deemed advisable.
HONORABLE CLARK CLIFFORD
1. Mr. Clifford requested that DCI designate a point of contact with
CIA for Mr. Pat Coyne. He noted that Mr. Richard Helms had been this
point of contact and, by copy of this memorandum, Mr. Helms is hereby
requested to designate the point of contact and prepare a letter for DCI
signature to the Chairman, PFIAB, with copies to members of the Board
and to Mr. Pat Coyne.
2. The Board will make inspection trips around the world on
occasion to see first hand the operations of the Intelligence Community.
3. From time to time PFIAB would request information and reports from
CIA and expressed hope that these would be promptly submitted.
4. Annual reports from DCI and CIA are to be submitted to the Board
as is now being done.
5. PFIAB is to be considered a help to the DCI and this was emphasized
on several occasions.
6. PFIAB is particularly interested in the quality of intelligence
and they are pleased to note improvement, but there still remain areas where
improvement is needed and they would make these known to the DCI.
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1. Spoke of the normal intelligence gathering activities (overt)
and of covert activities. Pointed out that in the normal overt
intelligence activities there were some and that 25X1
as being expended.
He further pointed out that since 1930 Communist activities
have initiated new and ever-increasing intelligence efforts. He wait on to
point out that covert intelligence efforts by scientific means had grown
considerably. Infact there could be an over-emphasis on the scientific
methods with neglect of more normal methods, that is, deep cover agents.
He pointed out a glaring example of this deficiency when it was disclosed
He again re-emphasized that one
good agent was worth almost any amount of scientific intelligence gathering
equipment and he hoped that CIA would place greater emphasis on
under-cover intelligence agents and he would like to see a review of our
general program for this.
community
2. He pointed out that/counterintelligence was a weak area in
U. S. intelligence activities anyd also hoped that DCI would outline his plans
for improving this.
3. Another deficiency in CIA and DCI's performance was the lack
of coordination with the FBI, particularly in the areas of collaboration in
FBI efforts with diplomatic corps in Washington and elsewhere in the U. S.
and with personnel of the United Nations. He would like to see our plans
for improvement in this area.
1. Began his discussion which seemed to center around the handling
in intelligence in crises. His remarks took up the following items:
a. He felt that the work of pure estimating and analyses of
intelligence information was on a fairly firm basis. He pointed
up the fact, however, of the perennial great question of how do you
get it to the "right" people promptly and in sufficiently abbreviated
and informative form and still have the reports adequately
coordinated. As exarnples he pointed out that such prompt
reporting of sufficient highlightings for top administrative leaders
was quite deficient in the Cuban, Berlin Wall and Tonkin Bay
situations. He emphasized there was adequate material
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available and evaluated but somehow these were not highlighted
and positively brought. to the attention of higher authorities in
a timely way.
b. He thought that the Watch Committee was a good device
but is it really doing its job? I gathered that he felt that the
reports were fairly sterile and there was no mechanism for
really "alerting" higher authorities in a positive manner to see
forthcoming events which were likely to happen.
c. He thought that the Santo Domingo situation was fairly
well handled but still the main problem of bringing to highest
authority in a prompt way evaluated and unevaluated information,
and have such properly identified, was a matter of highest
priority importance.
1. Counter intelligence is still uppermost in his mind in importance.
He felt that DCI should look into this matter and analyze the plans for
improvement in this area.
2. He pointed out that DIA, NRO, etc., were recommendations of
the PFIAB and that he hoped that the Board would continue to make
suggestions for organizational improvements in the future.
rather than CIA
3. That SecDef is looking to the head of DIA/for information which is
normally outside DIA's normal charter. The significance of this remark
could be that CIA or other members of the Intelligence Community were
deficient in providing information, although the DCI is not sure of this point.
4. DIA appears to be functioning well. It reviews over-all operational
collection requirements and approves the requirements prior to submission
to SecDef.
5. He pointed out that DIA had provided guidance for uniform
collection of intelligence for the military and had markedly reduced the
number of directives which the individual military services had in existence
for this effort.
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within the military establishment
6. DIA. provides a single source for DCI to procure collection
guidance (presumably for Dol) intelligence work?).
7. He pointed out that there should be an improvement in the
processing of analyses and hoped that the DCI would investigate current
status and plan for improvements.
9. Each country should have a single collection plan through
which others would work.
10. Pointed out that the Defense Attache system involved
expenditure of about for all of the world.
12. The ELINT collection effort was a matter of concern to him.
He pointed out that DIA had gotten into this and cut down on manned aircraft
flights, reducing requirements, but asked DCI to investigate if this
reduction was sufficient.
13. DIA production center should be visited by DCI.
14. DIA building may be sponsored by PFIAB and this item is
currently in the Fiscal Year 166 budget.
Comments by Dr. Land, general subject of scientific collection
of intelligence.
1. Pointed out that the various collection efforts, CORONA, U-2,
etc. , were created by rather informal arrangements and prior to the
establishment of the PFIAB. He complimented them on their excellence
of conception and performance.
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2. There were two questions of concern to him:
a. Can there be a correspondingly imaginative effort
made in the future?
b. Are there adequate organizational mechanisms now
existent to realize subpara a. above; i. e. , NRO handled by
Air Force and not really a national organization?
He pointed out that the original NRO was conceived of
as a "national" effort but that it did not quite work out that way.
It appeared to him that the current effort is working excellently.
However, there were tensions existent between CIA, DOD, etc.
PFIAB wants to offer its help in correcting, if possible, the
NRO situation.
3. He pointed out there were "protective" activities for
OXCART and that this general effort was not going along as fast as
desirable. He believes the tensions are keeping us from capitalizing
on the talent available due to the "social" differences and divergencies.
He expressed the hope that DCI would exercise his leadership to
promptly correct this situation.
Dr. Baker's comments seemed to center around "Signal Intelligence
Communications"
1. SIGINT offers a source of good intelligence for movements all
over and outside the world. He would like to see our plans for improvement
of this effort over the years to come.
2. Magnitude of this effort indicated that there were som~
people around the world engaged in it, and year being spent.
3. He felt that the Communications Panel was a source of great
assistance and hoped that they would be used to an even greater extent.
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4. SIGINT was an increasing source of importance for intelligence
sources.
6. DCI has a really big job in safeguarding these kinds of activities
and he would like to have my thoughts on how we could improve this.
1. He felt that the combination of analytical activities of FLINT,
COMINT, SIGINT, was a good thing.
2. CIA appeared restless about NSA. He went on to say that FLINT
analysis should be in real time.
3. That there were considerable organizational and administrative
problems in NSA, which is a, "national" effort. It was operated by DoD
which makes it somewhat difficult to really be national in nature.
HONORABLE FRANK PACE
Expressed interest in budgetary and audio surveillance areas:
1. Audio information can be used readily.
2. There should be more support before a real breakthrough can
be had scientifically.
proposed
a. DCI moved romptly and properly with organization and
increased emphasis/back in 1962. From that point on, however,
this effort steadily deteriorated.
b. Present DCI should study and see what should be done.
BUDGET MATTERS
Budget now is about
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(Frank Pace - Budget Matters, contd.)
1. There should be more effective planning and if necessary a
reduction in budget. He felt that attention to the budget, however, could
bring about improved effectiveness over all. Forced elimination of the
lowest priorities and emphasis on matters of highest priority. Budget
matters can help and Mr. Pace offered his detailed assistance in
improvement of the way the budget is handled and its application to
intelligence work.
MR. CLIFFORD - - Closing remarks
1. He felt there was still a lack of coordination of intelligence agencies
and this was acegWkggreat problem.
2. There should be a top controlling force which is not yet in existence.
3. DCI is that man. PFIAB wants to enhance DCI's authority and
coordination capabilities.
4. Importance of this to PFIAB is highest and DCI is requested to
inform them how they can strengthen him in this role. DCI is further requested
to inform them how he can effect such coordination.
5. Pointed out there is some basis for all to agree as to the proper
means to effect such improvement in DCI's role and he hoped DCI would feel
he is a partner in this.
6. He further pointed. out DCI should be closer to the President. It
was his view that the DCI should see the President daily.
7. Pointed out the President's Daily report could be improved and
asked DCI to be sure that the items for the President's attention were high-
lighted and that the President: understood the significance of the items. For
example, he pointed out the report in the "Daily Brief" 0 25X1
apparently was not really understood by the President
and hoped that we might come up with some good ideas of how this can be
improved. .
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8. Inquired as to how DCI and the President could get closer on
intelligence communications.
9. Expressed the view that clandestine intelligence activities
around the world was a matter of highest urgency to PFIA.B. It could
provide the greatest dividends and he hopes the DCI will review the
status of this and be sure to include it in his planning activities.
DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLGENCE
1. DCI then was offered an opportunity to make some remarks.
2. DCI pointed out that he clearly understood the necessity for long-
range planning for the Intelligence Community and briefly outlined the present
evaluation of a "15-year plan" for the Intelligence Community which he had
asked CIA to take the lead in preparing. 4t 13. 4
3. He further commented on his closeness in working with the
President in intelligence matters and mentioned the almost daily contacts
commencing with the first one over the "red" phone about an hour after he,
DCI, got to his office after being sworn in, which was about 5:00 o'clock
on Wednesday, April 28th. He pointed out that this communication was a
5. DCI then spoke for a few minutes about his recognition of his
duties to coordinate the Intelligence Community and the necessity for a staff
like CIA to provide him with this most necessary capability.
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6. DCI then commented briefly on the NRO situation. He remarked
that he had received several briefings from several sources, each purporting
to be "an unbiased history of the Civil War from the Southern point of view. "
DCI went on to say. that he had not yet received the full picture but that in
due time he mo uld be prepared to make recommendations to PFIAB and he
would most earnestly solicit. their assistance. DCI commented also once
he had come to these conclusions, he would be most unswerving in his
efforts to effect these conclusions.
7. This concluded the DCI's remarks, the time then being about
4:45 p. m. The leave-takings were taken, and all appearedto be in
good humor. The DCI then departed and the Board remained behind,
presumably for an Executive Session.
8. All in all it was a most helpful and constructive meeting
from DCI's point of view and it is hoped that this will provide insight and
a better understanding for improvement in our relations with this most
important body.
The Executive Director, Mr. Kirkpatrick, is hereby requested to
coordinate the following :
Copy of this memorandum to be provided appropriate CIA
personnel with request for action in the preparation of
plans, reports and comments to the DCI.
WFR / mf b
Orig DCI PFIAB file cc: D/NIPE
lcc DCI PFIAB file DD/I
lcc DDCI DD/P
3cc ExDir for follow-up action DD/S
DD/S&T
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RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE PRESIDENT'S
FOREIGN IN T E LLIGENC E ADVISORY BOARD
SINCE ITS APPOINTMENT BY PRESIDENT KENNEDY
2 July 19 61
1. Redefining the role of the Director of Central Intelligence (not
formally approved or submitted). Eight parts.
a. DCI as chief U. S. intelligence officer and coordinator.
b. Deputy Director to run day-to-day CIA operations.
c. DCI to be associated with Executive Office of President.
d. DCI to participate with Bureau of Budget in reviews.
s. DCI oversees flow of intelligence to White House.
f. DCI serve as Cbairnian of USIB and President's representative.
g. DCI take estimators to Executive Office with him.
h. DCI to have staff to review intelligence effort.
2 July 1961
2. Internal organization of CIA (not formally approved or submitted).
Six parts.
a. Achieve deeper cover for clandestine or covert.
b. Separate clandestine from overt.
c. Locate Clandestine Services in another city.
d. Improve quality of personnel and reduce turnover.
e. Eliminate covert projects of low potential.
f. Give emphasis to collection of hard intelligence.
2 July 1961
4. Create means for early warning of cold war crisis situations.
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2 Jul)[ 1961
5. Further strengthen NSA by legislation, control by OSD, control
of ELINT, review requirements, support NSA needs.
2 July 1961
2 July 1961
2 July 1961
8. The President should oppose any Congressional investigation or
a Joint Congressional Committee on Intelligence (not formally approved or
submitted).
2July 1961
9. The President should not be publicly identified with covert programs
(not formally approved or submitted).
2July 1961
10. It should be the policy to reduce the visibility of all intelligence
activities and organizations; no speeches; fewer Congressional hearings (not
formally approved or submitted).
Z July 1961
11. State, Defense and CIA should report on the status of implementation
of recommendations of the Joint Study Group.
2July1961
12. The President should help restore confidence in the CIA (not formally
approved or submitted).
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18 July 1961
13. A review should be made of the feasibility of moving CIA into
the new building.
18 July 1961
14. The Special Group should review all covert authorizations now in
effect.
4 October 1961
15. USIB should review the collection, coordination and analysis of
scientific and technical intelligence on the Soviet Bloc.
4 October 1961
16. To DOD.
4 October 1961
17. To Chairman, Special Group.
4 October 1961
4 October 1961
4 October 1961
20. DCI should submit a detailed report on the protection of intelligence
sources and methods.
4 October 1961
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.1 October 1961
22.
4 October 1961
17 October 1961
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17 October 1961
11 January 1962
20 January 1962
27. Review of intelligence activities in the Middle Last.
1. Achieve increased effectiveness in collecting, reporting,
communications, and assessment of political intelligence.
2. DCI and JCS review validity of JCS requirements on CIA for
wartime.
d
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20 January 1962, Recommendation 27 (con't)
3. DOD review service attache system.
a. Determine whether to adopt a single attache system.
b. Extend tours of duty from two to three years.
c. Insure foreign language training.
d. Staff attache offices in best way.
e. Insure most efficient allocation of aircraft to service Posts.
4. DOD review CRITICOM.
DCI insure adequate guidance to Ambassadors and Station Chiefa
on covert actions..
6. President's Board Communications Panel determine if NSA
distribution timely.
7. USIB determine adequacy of criteria for selection of SIGINT
collection facility and grounds for selection of target.
8, Improve communications capability
9. Remove Army Attache post in
fro,-rg hardship category. 25X1
10. Improve clandestine collection coordinat
a. NSA review CIA's SIGINT effort in
b. ake intelligence available to Embassy.
c. Id be useful to CIA.
d. State and CIA review handling of -political intelligence.
s. State and CIA insure proper apportionment of CIA and
State officers in political action.
hould emphasize covert actions in
a. Excess personnel of CIA should be reassigned.
b. Air Force should assign an officer with jet fighter
experience.
14. Examine SIGINT relations with
a. Omake intelligence available to Embassy.
b. Improve communications with
r C
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20 January 1962
28. Urged highest priority for intelligence on Soviet ICBM capability
through advanced intelligence collection systems.
20 January 1962
29. Serious breaches of security in CORONA and OXCART programs.
a. Reduce numbers granted access.
b. Periodic security reindoctrinations.
20 January 1962
24 January 1962
31. Re-sins status of DCI to determine if his relative position and
salary are appropriate.
20 January 1962
20 January 1962
26 June 1962
34. Strengthen NSA by giving it supervision over all types of SIGINT
collection and processing.
26 June 1962
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26 June 1962
36. USIB should make an. early appraisal of intelligence collection
potential of the Secretary of Defense should make a decision
on its future.
1 August 1962
Hanson Baldwin article, "Russian Missiles Guarded by Concrete
Installations", 26 July 1962.
a. Call special meeting of NSC,
b. Take drastic disciplinary action.
c. Establish policy and procedures for talking to press.
d. Identify and list areas of high sensitivity.
e. Reduce number of estimators dealing with high sensitivity.
f. Create means to investigate leaks,
g. Create a policy on intelligence disclosures to Congress.
h. Develop official secrets legislation.
i. Make intensive review of classification policies and procedures.
5 October 1962
Review of U. S. intelligence activities in Southeast Asia and
Far East.
a. Strengthen intelligence elements of DIA and unified commands
at expense of services and component commands.
b. Guidance from DIA to unified commands should be directed
toward an integrated effort.
c. Consolidate SSD networks in order to save money, use fewer
personnel, reduce duplicative data, improve security.
d. Accelerate
e. Consider re in ou Vietnam.
19 October 1962 (Subsidiary recommendations not in 5 October report)
1. NSA clarify mission of Pacific representative.
2. DOD stagger rotation schedules of Army intelligence advisers to
Vietnamese.
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19 October 1962 (con't)
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i
1. DCI and Director/CIA increase lateral exchanges in South Vietnam.
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5. DIA consider increasing tour of service attaches in Bangkok from
two to three years.
8. DIA assure maximum use mad* of intelligence potential of M-AACs
and JUSMAGs.
9. DIA assure maximum utilization made of service attaches,
10. DIA reduce time for sensitive security clearances.
11. State explore possibility of giving Ambassador regional intelligence
evaluations.
12. State put another officer in political section in Bangkok to analyze
internal political matters.
13. CIA convince ~o establish an effective central intelligence
organization.
28 December 1962 {Cuba Build-up)
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Z8 December 1962 (can't)
5. Refer collection techniques opposed on grounds of risk to President.
6. Assign high priority to photography against camouflage.
4 February 1963
6 March 1963
1. USIB plans give attention to Soviet intention to stay in Cuba.
2. Discover terms of agreement between Castro and USSR.
3. Intensify improvement of claAdestinee collection in Cuba.
4. Resume development of long local length cameras for use in U-2;
agent on-the -ground photography.
5. Priority planning for substitutes for aerial reconnaissance.
6. Major clandestine agent effort against signals intelligence.
7. Refer to President collection efforts opposed on grounds of risk.
8. Keep policy officials advised of operational delays.
9. Plans for handling simultaneous emergencies.
10. Ensure restrictions on dissemination not harmful.
:t 1. Integrated assessment of indicators; data processing techniques.
12. Improve national intelligence estimates.
13. Strengthen technical capabilities.
14. Adopt NRO agreement,
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SENDER WILL CHECK CLASSIFICATION TOP AND BOTTOM
UNCLASSIFIED CONFIDENTIAL SECRET
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
OFFICIAL ROUTING SLIP
25 May
UNCLASSIFIED CONFIDENTIAL SECRET
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TO
NAME AND ADDRESS
DATE
I IALS
O/DCI
-f3~
i.:
2
3
4
5
6
ACTION
DIRECT REPLY
PREPARE REPLY
APPROVAL
DISPATCH
RECOMMENDATION
COMMENT
FILE
RETURN
CONCURRENCE
INFORMATION
SIGNATURE
Remarks :
Jerry--
For your information, copies have
gone to D/NIPE, DD/I, DD/S, DD/S&T
and DD/P with this note from Executive
Director: "Action memoranda will be
forthcoming on matters requiring follow-up.
Doris
FOLD HERE TO RETURN TO SENDER
FROM: NAME, ADDRESS AND PHONE NO.
DATE