THE FORMULATION OF NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY 3 - 25 OCTOBER 1963

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80B01676R000100080004-1
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 103
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 27, 2002
• Sequence Number: 4
• Publication Date: June 17, 1963
• Content Type: REPORT

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PFWo11am / fq/58389
17 June 1963
DRAFT SYLLABUS
COURSE THREE
1963-1964
THE FORMULATION OF NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY
3 - 25 October 1963
THE NATIONAL WAR COLLEGE
Washington 25, D. C.
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THE NATIONAL WAR COLLEGE
Washington 25, D. C.
(Date
APPROVED.
FRANCIS H. GRISWOLD
Lieutenant General, U. S. Air Force
Commandant
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COURSE THREE
THE FORMULATION OF NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY
A - SCOPE OF THE COURSE
1. Introduction.
a. All sovereign states have a national security policy --
sometimes carefully formulated and stated, and sometimes unstated
btt deduced from the actions or the pronouncements of responsible
government officials. As the interests and world influence of a state
expand there is an increasing need to set forth in definitive form its
national security policy.
b. The process of developing national security policy is one of
establishing broad guidance at the national level for action in a
particular problem area. In this process consideration must be given
not only to the component parts of the governmental structure involved,
but also to certain influences over which governmental controls are
lacking or are tenuous at best.
c. Course Three is designed to examine certain of the basic
factors affecting national security policy in our Government and to
develop further for later courses the base of understanding which has
already been prepared by Courses One and Two. The course aims to
provide an understanding of the governmental machinery concerned with
the formulation of U. S. national security policy, how it operates, and
the major considerations and problems involved.
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d. In the United States the machinery for developing national security
policy has been formalized only in recent years. In enacting the National
Security Act of 1947, Congress stated that one of the purposes of the Act
was "to provide for the establishment of integrated policies and procedures
for the departments, agencies, and functions of the Government relating
to the national security. " Exrerience had proved that informal coordina-
tion of those Government agencies concerned with the national security
was generally inadequate to meet the needs of the World War II period.
Until the establishment of the State-War-Navy Coordinating Committee in
late 1944 as an advisory body to the Secretary of State there was really no
official forum devoted exclusively to the discussion of national security
problems. This very useful committee, limited as it was in its scope
of activity, demonstrated the need for a broader and more authoritative
organization.
e. The agency established "to advise the President with respect to
the integration of domestic, foreign, and military policies relating to the
national security" is the National Security Council. This agency was
designed to enable the Departments of State and Defense, and the other
departments and agencies of the Government to cooperate more effec-
tively in decisions involving the national security. The use of this
organization has varied, depending on the operating style of each
President.
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2. Pesos,.
To provide an understanding of the governmental machinery con-
cerned with the development of U. S. national security policy, the manner
in which this machinery operates, some external influences which affect
it, and the mayor problems involved.
3. Subject Matter.
During the course, the class will examine: (a) certain considerations
in the formulation of U. S. national security policy; (b) the influence of
major groups in the United States upon the formulation of national security
policy; (c) the machinery employed in the integration of military, foreign
and domestic policies into national security policy; and (d) the financing
of national programs implementing national security policy.
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B - ORGANIZATION OF T}IF, COURSE
Course
Day
1 Thursday, 3 October
Page
AM The Central Role of the President 7
PM Reserved for Work on IRP's
2 Friday, 4 October
AM Presidential Advisors 14
PM Reserved for Work on IRP's
Monday, 7 October
AM The Department of State and National
Security Policy 22
PM Department of State Briefing 27
4 Tuesday, 8October
AM The Department of Defense and National
Security Policy
Pl.'I Department of Defense Briefing
5 Wednesday, 9 October
28
32
AM The Intelligence Community and National
Security Policy 33
PM Central Intelligence Agency Briefing 39
6 Thursday, 10 October
AM The Joint Chiefs of Staff and National
Security Policy 40
PM Joint Chiefs of Staff Briefing 44
7 Friday, 11 October
AM Congress and National Security Policy 45
PM Reserved for Work on IRP's
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Day
8 Monday, 14 October
Visit to Central Intelligence Agency 51
9 Tuesday, 15 October
AM Interest Groups and National Scat u:pity Policy. 52
AM Mass Media and National Security Policy 58
P1VM Reserved for Work on IRP's
10 WWfednesday, 16 October
AM Arms Control
PM Arms Control and Disarmament Agency
Briefing
11 Thursday, 17 October
AM Agency for International Development 71
PM Reserved for Work on IRP's
12 Friday, 18 October
Reserved for Work on IRP's
13 Monday, 21 October
AM Civil Defense
PM Reserved for Work on IRP's
14 Tuesday, 22 October
AM External Research Activities and National
Security Policy
PMV;' Reserved for Work on IRP's
15 Wedne;,day, 23 October
AM The Department of Defense Budget 87
PM Reserved for Work on IRP's
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16 Thursday, 24 October
AM Coordination and Control of U. S.
Counterinsurgency Efforts
PM Reserved for Work on IRP's
17 Friday, 25 October
Pyagge
A2M2 Financing National Security 97
PM Reserved for Work on IRP's
2. Academic Procedures.
a. Lectures and recommended daily reading will be as indicated
in the section "Detailed Program." Reading will continue upon the
book assigned in Course One. Completion date is 2b October 1963.
b. There will be meetings of discussion groups following each
lecture. Two of these groups will meet with the lecturer of the day
in accordance with the provisions of the weekly schedule.
c. There will be no scheduled committee problem.
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C - DETAILED PROGRAM
FIRST DAY
THURSDAY, 3 OCTOBER
THE CENTRAL ROLE OF THE PRESIDENT
1. Introduction,
a. An appropriate beginnzi?g nor the course is an examination of the
role and responsibilities of the President of the United States in the
formulation of national security policy. While the constitution assigns
the war-ceciarzilg power to the Congress and charges it, among other
related duties, with providing "for the common defence and general
welfare of the United States, " the role of the President has always been
central in the establishment of national security policy. This role,
although somewhat loosely defined, derives from Article II of the
Constitution.
b. The President's traditional role in the field of national security
has been expanded in recent years because of a succession of world
crises rewiring emergency actions. As a result of the present and
long term aspects of communist aggression and imperialism, the
President is now the foremost influence in the Government from the
point of view of formulation, supervision and implementation of national
security policy. In addition, the Congress has recognized on numerous
occasions the need of the President for extended powers in the national
security policy area by endowing him with special authority through the
use of the Joint Resolution.
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c. The President may take many independent actions of vital
significance to the security of the nation. He may delay entry of the
United States into war by means of a neutrality proclamation, or grant
aid to one or more of the belligerents. He may acquire base rights
abroad by executive agreement, or he may start the machinery of
mobi:'ization by proclamation of a national emergency. As Commander
in Chief of the Armed orces the President may issue orders for
deployment of U. S. Armed Forces abroad, or by taking other inde-
pendent actions create situations which make a ( claration of war by the
Congress little more than a formality. These few examples of the
exercise of presidential power indicate that by virtue of his office the
President may play the dominant role in the formulation of national
security policy.
d. The growth in the President's authority has been received with
some misgivings and consequent opposition by some segments of
American people and Congress. It has been generally accepted, however,
as a necessary concomitant to the requirements of world leadership.
There is certainly a growing tendency to look to the President for
policy guidance in the field of national security and to hold him responsible
for developments in this field.
2. Scope and Purpose of the Topic.
To examine the central. role of the President, his powers and his
responsibilities in the formulation of national security policy, the
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organization of his Executive Office, and the major problems which
confront the President in the accomplishment of this task.
3. Suggested Topics for Consideration.
These questions are posed, not as a guide for the formal lecture,
but to stimulate individual study and analysis and for possible use in
discussion groups.
a. How does the U. S. Government structure provide means for
keeping the President of the United States informed on matters affecting
national security policy?
b. What are examples of executive agreements which have led to
binding commitments in important matters of security policy?
c. When approving or endorsing a security policy, what methods
may the President use in persuading the public to his point of view?
d. How does the present administration employ the National
Security Council as compared with the previous administration?
4. Lecture Title.
"THE CENTRAL ROLE OF THE PRESIDENT"
5. Reading.
a. LEADER OR CLERK? by Richard E. Neustadt. A reprint
of Chapter 1 from his book, Presidential Power, New York, John
Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1960. p. 1-8.
b. THE POWER TO PERSUADE, by Richard E. Neustadt. A
reprint of Chapter 3 from his book, Presidential Power, p. 33-57.
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c PRESIDENTIAL 17:1O? ULARITY IS NOT ENOUGH, by Sydney
Hyman. A reprint from The New York Times Magazine, August 12,
1652, p. 1, 64-ee.
d. THE PRESENT, by Dean Rusk. A reprint from Fore
Affairs, April 1960, p. 353. 369.
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6. Bibliography.
THE AMLF.ICAN RESIDENCY, by Clinton L. Rossiter. New York,
Harcourt, Brace, 1956. 175 p.
The rowers and limitations of the Presidency, its historical
role, and the effect on the office of Roosevelt, Truman and
Eisenhower.
THE DEADLOCK OF DEMOCRACY; FOUR-PARTY POLITICS IN
AMERICA, by James MacGregor Burns. Englewood 'Cliffs,
N. J., Prentice-Hall, 1963. 388 p.
A study of American political structure and power -- especially
the conflict between the President and Congress -- from
Jefferson and Madison to contemporary Washington. In addition,
presents a "penetrating" examination of modern political parties
and concludes with suggestions for changes in our political
systems.
EXCELLENCD AND LEADERSHIP IN A DEMOCRACY. Edited by
Stephen R. Graubard and Gerald Holton. New York, Columbia
University Press, 1962. 222 p.
Outlining past achievements, present challenges and future goals,
thirteen well-known scholars offer opinions on the problem of
stressing excellence and developing high standards of leadership
in a democratic society.
PO VIERS GF Tom- PF.ESUDENT AS COMMANDER IN CHIEF CF THE
ARMY AND NAVY GF THE UNITED STATES. Prepared by
Dorothy Schaffer and Dorothy M. Mathews. U. S. Library of
Congress. Legislative Reference Service. Washington, GPO,
1956. 145 p. (U. S. Congress. 84th. House doe, no. 443)
A two-part study: first, a chronological listing of major events
related to Presidential powers as Commander in Chief of U. S.
military forces, 1789-1955. Second, an account of the use of
these powers from 1935 through 1955, exclusive of periods of
war.
POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT DURING CRISES, by J. Malcolm
Smith and Cornelius P. Cotter. Washington, D. C., Public
Affairs Press, 1960. 184 p.
Description and comments upon the use of emergency power in
the United States since 1933.
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THE P .ESIEENT, OFFICE AND PC,T;ERS, 1787-1957; HISTORY AND
ANAL1'$IS CF PRACTICE AND CPINICN, by Edward S. Corwin.
4th rev. ed. New York, New York University Press, 1957.
519 p,
A documented study.
PRESIDENTIAL DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY 1N WARTIME, by
Nathan D. Grundstein_. Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh
Press, 1.61. 1C6 p.
A collection of three articles published in the Georg Washington
Law Review, in 1947 and 1948, discussing the eerie-gation of
ri?.sident a3 authority during time of war.
FREST- :]?,1TIAL PO,%JER, THE POL?TICS OF LEADERSI-IIP, by
Richard E. Neus-tadt. New York.