A NEW TV SHOW, AND OTHER BRIGHT IDEAS FOR THE F.B.I.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-01601R001400060001-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 46
• Document Creation Date: December 19, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 14, 2000
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: July 16, 1972
• Content Type: NSPR

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Mr. L. Patrick Gray, 3c1
Acting Director
? F.B.I.
Washington, D. C.
Dear Mr. Gray:
I was glad to read of your new policy encourag-
ing the exchange .of ideas between the press and
? the F.B.I. and I thought that rather than attempt
; to arrange an appointment (I am sure you are
very busy what with reading the files and all),
I'd simply send you this letter containing some of
my own thoughts on the Bureau which you have
temporarily inherited.
? Who am I, you .might well ask, to advise you
- on how to run what some regard as the most
?Sophisticated intelligence agency in the world? Let
. me concede at the outset that my own raw, un-
evaluated file on the F.13.1. is probably no more ac-
curate than your own ray" unevaluated file on me.
Oh, I've written a book on the Justice Department
and the F.B.I. under Robert F. Kennedy. I attended
last fall's Princeton Conference. on the F.B.I. co-
- , sponsored by the Committee for Public Justice.
I'm a regular Sunday night viewer of Efrem Zimba-
list Jr. and "The F.B.I.," and I take the F.B.I. tour in
Washington every chance I get. But it is only be-
? cause after all this research I have concluded that
. there are no outside experts on the F.B.I.?in the
sense that there are experts on such nonsecret Gov-
ernment agencies as State, the Pentagon, the Bureau
.of the Budget?that I am presuming to write you
- now. -
Actually, although there. are no experts, there
are a growing group of quasi experts including
alumni of the Bureau and the Justice Department,
law school professors, members of the American
Civil ? Liberties Union, the Committee for Public
Justice and other long-time Hoover-watchers, who
are developing a consensus about the direction in
which the Bureau ought to move; but since their
first suggestion is that President Nixon ought to
dump you in favor of some nonpartisan figure of
greater stature, you understandably might not be
disposed to accord them the sort of impartial hear-
ing which I am sure you are giving this letter.
WasiWrgzersemserometeensourporimax,temaftwromerue.eakuatam.ammes,mars-Newslealrire
Justice"
Victor S Navasky the author _at --kve1111-1Y.
, tr9tYearittar Attg9tSti4UAWNIM rt CIORP&PITIA6911W199CMPPlOst you thinlc.
of the F.B.I. .this a radical step,, please :recall that 3. Edgar
601R001400060001-3
And anyway my own ideas differ markedly from
the evolving conventional wisdom which was per-
haps best summarized in a letter to this newspaper
from N.Y.U. law professor and Committee for Pub-
lic Justice chairman Norman Dorset), who !wrote:
? . Among the major issues that should be
canvassed are the Bureau's effectiveness in
organized crime and civil rights and police
brutality cases, its emphasis on statistic-pro-
ducing crimes and its reported lack of coopera-
tion with ? some local police agencies. . .
The F.B.I. has not had a thorough Congression-
al review in its 64-year history . . . the failure
to define the Bureau's intelligence-gathering
powers has apparently resulted in the accumu-
lation of much unchecked, often derogatory
information, whose dissemination is not subject
to proper control. It has also resulted in the
use of an unknown number of undercover
agents and listening devices. . .
Change the Bureau's name.
C771,171",:it=t1:52MtliiMLikEl
My own six-point program for the Bureau is not
'inconsistent with much of this agenda but it is,
I hope you will agree, much simpler to grasp and
therefore should be easier to implement. Briefly,
the Bureau should: Change its name, shred its -
files, drop Zimbalist's option, teach a course in
what I call Bureauspeak, give away the new F.B.I.
building and hire some Nader's Raiders. I'll elabor-
aontirimfm
NEWSWEEK
Approved For Release 2006/O1/CO MayA1/Dm-016m ROO
NATIONAL AFFAIRS
Hii:ver and
gs
F 1:
An Era Ends
Jolm Edgar Hoover was a legend who
outlived his own time. He came into
the government as a library clerk in
Woodrow Wilson's day and served as its
pre-eminent policeman for every Presi-
dent from Calvin Coolidge to Richard
Nixon. In his extraordinary. 48-year run as
Director of the Federal Bureau of In-
vestigation, he held more power longer
than any man in the history of the Re-
public. He made himself and the FBI
into authentic American icons?the gang-
busting, spy-catching, straight-shooting,
star-spangled heroes of the ..tabloid
headlines and radio-TV serials and the
backs of Wheaties boxes. When Hoover
died last week at 77, the President him-
self did the eulogy?a man of lesser sta-
tion would have been unimaginable?
and spoke for millions of Americans when
he called the Director "one of the giants
a peace officer without peer." But the
years that had ravaged the old man's
bulldog face and rattled his bureaucratic
calm had begun to erode his legend as
well. It was not grief alone that some of
his mourners experienced when they
guessed that there would never be an-
other J. Edgar Hoover.
. His legacy to American law enforce-
ment?the development of the FBI into
one of the world's most effective police
forces?was large and beyond challenge.
But in his last years, his age and his
STATINTL
Abet13-63661 -3
The Direetgr in state in the Capitol Rotunda: 'One of the giants'
crotchets began to show, both in his own
public flashes of temPerament and in the
reduced morale and misdirected ener-
gies of the bureau he so loved. The times
ran past him, and by the end, Mr. Nixon,
who had known Hoover since the Hiss
case 25 years ago, stood almost alone re-
sisting the advice of his counselors that
the Director ought to be retired. Now,
with Hoover's death, the President post-
poned choosing a successor until after
Nov. 7 and instead gave the job pro tern
to an old Nixon hand, Deputy Attorney
General-designate L. Patrick Gray III,
55, a lawyer of conservative temper and
managerial talent (page 28).
Making Gray acting director avoided
yet another round of nasty Senate confir-
mation hearings in this election year, and
it could well move the bureau more
nearly under real Presidential control
AP
than it had been for years under Hoover.
But it left open all the hard questions
about just what the FBI does and what
it ought to do?questions from which it
had been sheltered for a generation by
IIoover's near immunity to criticism or
even serious review.
There had been little apparent con-
tingency planning; Hoover's immortality
had been rather assumed in official
Washington. ("I think," said one Congres-
sional staffer, "that people felt he had a
dossier on Saint Peter.") He looked fit
enough the last anybody saw of him in
public, betting the . Saturday races at
Pimlico, taking Monday lunch as always
with Associate Director Clyde Tolson at
the Mayflower Hotel, leaving work that.
evening after a day crowded with paper
and ceremony. Hoover died, apparent-
ly of heart disease complicated by high
-'Approv
1924: Taking over
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_
1935: Gangbusters
1933: As FDR signs crime bill
Approved For Release 2006/01/03 : CIA-RDP80-01601R001400060001-3
blood pressure, in his sleep that night.
The passage of mourning that followed
was suitably stately and yet oddly dimin-
uendo, given Hoover's towering presence
in American life over a half-century.
His body lay in state in the Capitol Ro-
tunda, an honor ordinarily reserved for
Presidents, the giants ,of Congress and
war heroes, and 25,000 mourners filed
past in 21 hours. Flags dropped to half-
staff. Hoover's banquette at the May-
flower was draped in red, white and
-blue and retired till after the funeral.
FBI agents drove close to his home, an
old Georgian house lush with flowers
and fake grass, and sat there in silent
witness. Dr. Benjamin Spock said he was
relieved, and Jerry Rubin of the yippies
whooped: "Wow! Wow!. Wow! Wow!" But
mostly, even old antagonists managed a
few kindnesses, and Mr. Nixon's somber
ten-minute eulogy at National Presby-
terian Church ("The United States is a
better country because this good man
lived his long life among us ...") more
surely set the tone of the public response.
After the burial, the flag was folded and
-presented to Tolson, his aged and ailing
companion, who., succeeded hoover for
two days and then retired. ?
Standards: And so an era ended. It
bad begun 48 years earlier almost to the
day, when Attorney General Harlan
Fiske Stone asked Hoover?then a natty,
up-and-eoming Justice Department law-
yer of 29?to retrieve the bureau from
the corruption it had sunk into during
the Harding years. Hoover accepted,
with absolute power over the agency as
one of his conditions. He ran out the
blackmailers and boodlers, set high hir-
ing standards ,(lawyers and accountants
preferred) and pioneered in scientific
law enforcement (the fingerprint files,
the national crime lab, the police acad-
emy and, lately, computer banks of data
on crime and criminals available at push-
button speed). The bureau under his
stewardship, and with his intuitive PR
genius, brought in .a memorable series of
kills and collars?Dillinger, Floyd, Ma
Barker, Bruno Hauptrnann, Nazi spies
and saboteurs, the Rosenbergs, Colonel I
Abel. Hoover went gaudily public?mug-
ging for photographers, hobnobbing with
Winchell, relaxing at the Stork Club,
promoting the bureau legend, and his
own, in books and movies and comic
strips. Presidents respected his talent
and authority and enjoyed his gossip.
Congress approved his budgets with the
most perfunctory review.
His power rested on fear as well as
reverence?on the presumption that, as
master of the FBI files, he knew every-
body else's secrets. His discretion with
this material was not absolute (the bu-
reau's tapes of Martin Luther King's sex
life were widely leaked around Wash-
ington) but was substantial: the serious
complaint in his latter years was that
his management of the FBI was going
ideological?that he overcommitted it to
infiltrating the enfeebled U.S. Commu-
nist Party and to wide-ranging surveil-
lance of black and left protest activities
and. that civil-rights enforcement, the
war on organized crime and even coun-
terespionage all suffered as a result.
his last years were marked by a se-
'ries of public embarrassments. Activists
looted the bureau files in Media, Pa.,
and leaked batch after batch of papers
on the sometimes Kafkaesque reach of
the FBI watch on the left.. Earth Day
rallies got monitored and Weatherpeo-
ple got away. Hoover himself leaked
word of the Berrigan kidnap-conspiracy
case prematurely and prejudicially to a
Congressional committee before any-
body had been indicted. Congressmen
found the nerve" to attack him. Demo-
crats sensed his vulnerability and began
making him a campaign issue. Hoover
got controversial and responded to con-
troversy with moments of pique (he
called King a liar, Ramsey Clark a jelly-
fish) and long moody interludes of al-
most total inaccessibility. He came out
of the cloister only for a very few safe
interviews and for his annual pas de
deux with Congress, and even these
took on a wistfully parodic quality by
the end. ("You don't allow any gay ac-
1969: Last pest
1965: Breaking a civil-rights case
1961: The Kennedy years
108: With Tolson and Walter Winchell
1950: With Harry Truman
60001-3
1954: G man's best friend
3
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tivists in the FBI, do your he was the critics quieted down?he would not
asked by a House appropriations sub- throw an old friend to the wolves.
committee last March. "We don't allow Ploy: The issue was settled; the tacit
any types of activists in the FBI, gay or decision was to let Hoover stay on, pith-
otherwise," said the Director.) ably past the election. But they began
What he wouldn't do was stand down talking about the succession, and decid-
under fire, and, as even his hardiest ad. ed last year to post Patrick Gray to the
mirers in Washington had finally to bureau as Hoover's No. 2, perhaps this
agree, the bureau?his bureau?began to summer, perhaps after the election.
suffer under his narrowing rule. Day-to. This plan went, awry when Richard
day liaison with the Justice Department Kleindienst was nominated to succeed
faltered because Hoover wanted every- John Mitchell as Attorney General and
thing to go through him. The FBI quit insisted on Gray as his deputy. With
speaking to the CIA because somebody , Hoover's death, Gray's name resurfaced
in the FBI leaked some trivial informa- instantly in phone conversations among
tion to the CIA and the CIA wouldn't Kleindienst, Mitchell and the White
tell Hoover who. The old innovative House, and his choice as acting director
spark that helped make the bureau's was sealed before the day was out. 0th-
reputation began to flicker. "To suggest Cr names circulated as possible perma-
change," said one former agent, "was to ncnt successors. Still, the suspicion grew
suggest that the way things were being in Washington that Gray was really Mr.
done was wrong, and that was suicide:' Nixon's man and that the delay till No-
Avoiding embarrassment became a ma- vember was only a ploy to prevent a re-
jot imperative. prise of the long, contentious hearings
Priorities seemed to get misarranged. over Kleindienst's still-pending nomina-
Agents used up valuable time fattening tion. Gray, with or without the Presi-
the FBI's annual statistics with stolen-car dent's encouragement, moved in as
recoveries and minor thefts from inter- though he planned to stay a while.
state commerce. Two FBI men infiltrat- The successor, Gray or anybody else,
ed one three-man Communist cell; 100 will follow J. Edgar Hoover but will not
monitored a rally of 400 Catholic antiwar replace him. He will, for one thing, be
? activists. Hoover got late into organized subject to closer Congressional scrutiny
crime, partly because he refused for than Hoover ever had to endure. The
years to believe that the Mafia existed, requirement of Senate confirmation is a
new one, enacted in 1968, and the sen-
partly because he didn't want the bu-
reau s immaculately scandal-free record ? ators are likely to seize on it not only to
-
exposed to the temptations of syndicate screen the nominee but to ? debate the
size bribes. Big-city police forces, onlarger, graver issues of what the FBI is
once
dependent on the FBI's great technical and ought to be about. Hoover did not
h
resources in bank-robbery and kidnap-
ave to answer those questions; he was
.
ing cases, developed their own skills and permitted, by the leave of Congress and
savvy over the years and began wishing with the clear affection of most Amen-
that the Feds would move on to authen
. cans for most of his career, to run the
tically national crimes?stock, security and FBI as his own lengthened shadow. He
credit-card frauds, for example. -A big- brought the bureau to an exaggerated
city robbery-squad detective,
power that it is unlikely to maintain now
one urban
?not without challenge. But it will re-
police captain told NEWSWEEK'S Nicholas
Horrock, "handles more robberies in a main a large and enduring monument,
month than an agent might in a year. Yet and when it does its work well?enforc-
i
when there's a bank robbery, they come ng the law with honesty, efficiency and
zipping up with a lot of so-called exper- dispatch?it will honor the memory and
-the best impulses of the man who man-
tise. The fact is we know more about, aged it for nearly half a century.
. these investigations than they do."
None of this was likely to get changed
sp long as Hoover stayed on. Last year,
with the controversy, quickening, some
senior White House and Justice officials
began a quiet effort to persuade Mr.
Nixon to, put the old man to pasture.
"Hoover, one offiCial said, "was becom-
ing more and more of a political issue
'and more and more a developing liabili-
ty. The mood of the nation was changing,
and he appeared to be out of tune.
There was a desire among some people
to remove the issue before the campaign
got started." They got as far as the Oval
Office three times; at the last of these
meetings, last autumn, only one man in
the room besides Mr. Nixon favored
keeping Hoover on. The President was
said to have seen
having to move Ho Athg, ? wxi,Vtilit of
nt bar tiease 2006/01/03 : CIA-RDP80-01601R001400060001-3
Rtivb ty
? ' YR
S 7572
ST8T141111k1TL
Approved For 85W0100,6/01/03 ? CIA-RDP80-01601R00140006000
SSIONAL 'RECORD ? SENATE
? There being no objection, the items
- were ordered to be printed in the REC-
ben, as follows:
!From the Washington Post, May 9, 19721
?
UNITED STATES SEEKS JOBS FOR VETERANS
Although Vietnam veterans claimed almost
one-fourth of the new jobs created in the
nation during the past 12 months, their un-
employment rate remained at 8.6 per cent,
well above the national average, the admin-
istration said yesterday.
President Nixon ordered Labor Secretary
James D. Hodgson to continue for another
year the Jobs for Veterans program began
. almost a year ago.
"I regard this effort as of the highest prior-
ity in federal manpower and training pro-
grams," Mr. Nixon said in a letter to Hodgson.
Hodgson reviewed for newsmen the re-
sults of the program during the first year. He
said one of its most difficult targets was to
overcome "a public indifference to the obliga-
tion we owe to Vietnam-era veterans."
Hodgson said Vietnam veterans accounted
for a net increase of 538,000 jobs in the 12-
mouth period that ended April 30. That was
almost 25 per cent of the 2.2 million increase
In total 'employment throughout the nation.
Despite the advances, there were 340,000
veterans without work, 8.6 per cent of the
total In the work force, down from 9.7 per
cent a year ago, but still above the national
average of 5.9 per cent.
?
KNOXVILLE, PENN.,
Apri1.14, 1972.
Senator THOMAS DAGLETON,
Senate Office Buildin,
Washington, P.C.
SENATOR EAGLETON: The enclosed Resolu-
tion was passed by the Student Senate at the
University of Tennessee, Knoxville, April 4,
1972.
We felt it would be of interest to you.
Sincerely,
CHARLES HUDDLESTON, . ? ?
Body President.
:KESOLTJTION.
Whereas: 5 million Vietnam-era veterans
have come back to America and have ended
up looking for unemployment assistance, in-
cluding 95,000 Vietnam veterans in Tennessee
alone and several hundred at UT.;
Whereas: Many of these veterans, includ-
ing a number of GI Bill students at UT.
have "lost" their earned unemployment bene-
fits because of an obscure one-year-drawing
limitation ("benefit year") in Tennessee law,
and believing that veterans need more finan-
cial assistance while looking for jobs or com-
pleting school;
Whereas: U.S. Senator Thomas Eagleton
of Missouri introduced a bill on May 3, 1971
(S. 1'141) to provide for Vietnam-Era Veter-
ans' Supplementary Unemployment Compen-
sation, for 52 weeks at $75 per week; but the
bill is still in the Senate Committee on Labor
and Public Welfare;
, We the Student Senate of the University
of Tennessee, Knoxville, do hereby respect,
Sully request Labor and Public Welfare
Committee Chairman Harrison Williams to
hold hearings on S. 1741, and urge Sens.
Howard Baker and William Brock to help
procure such hearings on S. 1741.
In Addition, we respectfully request that
Governor Winfield Dunn, and the U.T. area's
State Representatives, Richard Krieg and Vic-
tor Ashe, do all within their influence to ex-
tend the one-year Tennessee limitation on ex-
nervicemen's unemployment compensation to
Iwo years (similar to Maine, California, at
al), with a retroactive provision back to
1905, the year the Vietnam War began, so as
to reimburse several thousand Vietnam
Vets who "lost" their earned benefits, due
to poor Claims Office information and trying
to get an education on the GI Bill (unable
by law to draw unemployment simultaneous-
ly); and to end present confusion and dis-
crimination in the Unemployment Compen-
sation Act.
THE PORNOGRAPHY OF VIOLENCE
Mr. SAXBE. Mr. President, many
people feel that organized crime is be-
Coming a phenomenon of the past. Nu-
merous nations are free of it as are en-
tire regions of this country. However, the
recent assassination of Mafia Chief
Joseph Gallo jolts us back to reality.
Today, organized crime penetrates broad
segments of American life, However, the
Cosa Nostra can thrive only when and
where the public tolerates it. Organized
crime syndicates provide goods and serv-
ices desired by the consuming- public--
narcotics, prostitutes, loan sharking, and
gambling. These are consensual crimes.
The American public not only supports
the Mafia, we also find its leaders amus-
ing and admirable and the heroes of
recent literary works. The shooting of
Joseph Gallo blends fact with fiction.
-Gallo served as the inspiration for the
book and the movie, "The Gang That
Couldn't Shoot Straight." The plot deals
with the rivalry between the south
Brooklyn gang led by Kid Sally Palumbo
and the Mafia establishment.. They
slaughter one another with every means?
at their disposal. The attempted comedy
is funny, I suppose, to those Capable of
laughing at shooting, stabbing, blowing
up, and strangling. The subject matter is
even less amusing when it becomes real-
ity and a four-gun battle takes place in
a public restaurant.
Following the shooting of Gallo, an
onlooker standing across from Umberto's
Clam Bar in Little Italy was reported to
comment that--
It's just like The Godfather. They filmed
it down the block, you know. Yeah, Corleone
[the crime chi eftan played by Marlon
Brando] got hit right over there.
The plot of "The Godfather" revolves
around gang warfare, and the names of
the leading characters might well be
Genovese, Gallo, and Profaci. People are
currently flocking to see tins movie which
portrays a family that uses guns, axes,
garrotes, and fear to achieve dominance
over the entire Mafia in the United
States. It is intended to shock, and it
does. But what truly is frightening about
"The Godfather" is the reaction of the
spectators. I could not help feeling de-
spondent when the audience laughed at
the sight of a Hollywood film producer
waking up to find the severed head of
his Prize race horse staring blindly at
him and cheered at the sight of Michael
Corleone shooting a police captain and
a rival Mafioso in a restaurant. The
heroes of "The Godfather" scorn law as
impotent, and they create and adminis-
ter their own code of ethics. They share
a conviction that street justice is prefer-
able to the justice practiced in the courts.
And the audience loves it.
History and culture are expressed in
literature. What will future generations
say of our society when they read
Godfather" and "The Gang That
Couldn't Shoot Straight"? Our culture
not only tolerates violence, we glorify
violence. We mus ourse .ce as
a nation to exposi Ig the true character
of violence and to supporting more posi-
tive values. This 's why I have joined
with 12 other Senators in introducing
the Omnibus Criminal Justice Reform
Amendments of 1972.
THE FBI IN PERSPECTIVE
Mr. IIRUSKA, Mr. President, it seems
very likely that the Federal Bureau of
Investigation, one of the Nation's most
effective and most respected organiza-
tions, may become a common topic of
political discussion in the months ahead.
Such an occurrence will be particu-
larly unfortunate, because the FBI is, as
It was during Mr. Hoover's long and
dedicated tenure, a professional organi-
zation. As such, it should not be, nor was
it embroiled in Partisan polities. -
I know those of us in this body are
united in the hope that the agency, dur-
ing the period of transition which it must
now undergo, will, be-spared the discom-
fort of being dragged into partisan politi-
cal debate.
In this connection, the eminent Wash-
ington Columnist Richard Wilson hits
written a timely and interesting column
which places the national role of the.
1 BI into the proper perspective.
- The article capsules clearly and con-
cisely the role of the FBI in the entire
scheme of national ,law enforcement. It
also points up the problems which the
Acting Director, L. Patrick Gray, will ?
have to face as he takes over the reins ?
of the organization which knew only one
Director for nearly five decades.
Mr. Wilson's column is worthy of our
attention. It should be particularly noted
by those who in an election year will be
faced with the temptation to make politi-
cal capital of the agency.
I ask unanimous consent, Mr. Presie
'dent, that the text of Mr. Wilson's
column as it appeared in Monday's
Washington Star under the headline,
"Coming Dispute on FBI Put in Perspec-
tive," be printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection the article.
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
COMING DISPUTE ON FBI Pu T IN PERSPECTIVE
(By Richard Wilson)
The role of the FBI in the general scheme
of things in the nation has always' been ex-
aggerated. It is not it national police force,
its jurisdiction is circumscribed.
By far' the greater responsibility for law
and order resides in state, local and other
federal agencies. The latter includes the
United States Secret Service as well as nu-
merous federal enforcement agencies oper-
ating in conjunction with the Justice Der
partment's Criminal Division, ?
Of the $2.3 billion budgeted for 1972-73
federal anti-crime programs, $330 million, or
less than one-sixth, is directly for the Fill.
These facts are recited in an effort to put
Into perspective a kind of hysteria which
will soon evidence itself on how the post-
Hoover FBI shall be run, who shall head it,
and what its philosophy shall be.
The hysteria rises from one major Source,
those who Imagine that the FBI is or will
soon become a secret police used for political
repression. This bugaboo is regularly paraded
in Congress and the liberal community,
which must now be astounded by the state-
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mt. MING T ON ?TAfl
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RICHARD WILSON
Coming Dispute on F
The role of the FBI in the
general scheme of things in
the nation has always been ex-
aggerated. It is not a national
police force. Its jurisdiction is
circumscribed.
By far the greater responsi-
bility for law and order re-
sides in state, local and other
federal agdncies. The latter in-
eludes the United States Secret
Service as well as numerous
federal enforcement agencies
operating in conjunction with
the Justice Department's
Criminal Division.
Of the $2.3 billion budgeted
for 1972-73 federal anti-crime
programs, $330 million, or less
than one-sixth, is directly for
the FBI.
These facts are recited in an
effort to put into perspective a
kind of hysteria which will
soon evidence itself on how the
post-Hoover FBI shall be run,
who shall head it, and what its
philosophy shall be.
The hysteria rises from one
major source, those who imag-
ine that the FBI is or will soon
become a secret police used
for political repression. This
bugaboo is regularly paraded
in Congress and the liberal
community, which must now
be astounded by the statement
of Interim Director L. Patrick
Gray that he has yet discov-
ered no secret files or dos-
siers, a la the European secret
police, on political figures and
prominent Americans.
If Gray finds no such in-
criminating files in the future,
he will have destroyed the
cherished convictions of thou-
sands of liberals and radicals
that they are under constant
surveillance. Their megalo-
mania .and status will have un-
dergone a shattering deflation
with the disclosure that the
FBI did not even think it
worthwhile to tap their tele-
phones. . ?
In fact, the FBI is very ex-
clusive, having in operation
about 50 telephone taps in na-
tional security cases at any
particular time on the scores
of millions of phones in the
Put in Perspec
country. In view of the politi-
cally inspired violence and
threats of violence in the era
of dissent and the many bomb-
ings and depredations, a fig-
ure of 50 wiretaps (actually 36
in 1970) does not seem out of
proportion.
Gray has undertaken, as one
of his first responsibilities, dis-
pelling such distrust of the
FBI as was based on hatred of
Hoover. He tries to apppear in
the role of a reasonable and
accessible official who will ef-
fect changes in style if not in
substance, contrasting with
Hoover's adatnancy and re-
moteness.
This may be useful in the
beginning but in the end Gray
will have to undertake, be-
cause he is required by law to
do so, the type of inquiries
which Made Hoover so unpop-
ular in radical intellectural
circles. These inquiries extend
to college campuses where dis-
sent crosses the perilous
boundary into overt action
against the government, and
to the ghettos where the creed
Pie
of armed violence challenges
established authority.
If Gray receives reports of
plots to blow up the Capitol, or
destroy its heating system, or
to kidnap prominent federal
officials, he will have to look
into them, regardless of how
juries have reacted to such
charges in the past.
And if such inquiries result
in renewed charges that the.
FBI is an agency of political
repression, Gray will have to
live with it, as did Hoover ?
having at the same time the
general support of the vast
majority. '
If . Gray is looking for an
example of how to extract a
leading government agency
from the field of controversy,
he might examine the tactics
of the U.S. director of intelli-
gence, Richard P. Helms, -
CIA Director Helms-, before
he ascended to a higher role;
managed to extricate the CIA
from a position of prominence
which did not become it.
CIA is managing to keep out
of the news, 'except in those
cases where it might be expe-
dient to let it be known that it
was not entirely in agreement ,
with the Defense Department. 4
Otherwise, very little is
heard anymore of the CIA's
shadier side, although it
stretches credulity to believe
that .this agency has aban-
doned an active role in shap-
ing the world's affairs.
A mild manner and lowered
profile has aided Helms, and
something like this may be
valuable in the case of the FBI
now that it is no longer neces-
sary- to support the Hoover
personality cult.
If Gray succeeds he may be-
:come the permanent director
of the FBI, although that
would depend to a great extent
on Nixon's re-election.
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NEW YORK IMES STAT I
Approved For Release 2oone 79A-RDP80-01601R001400
Bureau Policies to Face
Wide Scrutiny by Public
Dy ROBERT M. SMITH
? \ Speclea to The New York Times
WASHINGTON, May 2?The
word drifted down through the
bureaucracy of the Federal
Bureau of Investigation here
this afternoon just about the
time an informal meeting was
taking place ill the office of
the Attorney General-desig-
nate, Richard G. Kleindienst.
y .The word was not startling.
,It simply told the thousands of
agents, supervisors, inspectors
and secretaries what to put at
the bottom of letters that for
98 years had borne one im-
print, J. Edgar Hoover. In the
early afternoon, they were told
.that mail would be signed Clyde
A. Tolson. Mr. Tolson is Asso-
ciate Director of the bureau.
' However, it was clear that
the ailing, 71-year-old Mr. Tot-
son would not be Mr. Hoover's
successor. The meeting in Mr.
Kleinclienst's fourth-floor office
?one ? floor below the F.B.I.
director's?began the process
of collecting names and, with
the names, idea S for the way .
the F.B.I. should be changed.
When they began to think
about a successor for Mr.
Hoover, Justice Department
officials inevitably began to
think of two related questions:
What the persons whose names
occurred to them weuld do to
the F.B.I. and what their nomi-
nation would do to the Nixon
Administration politically.
The questions that a new
bureau director will have to
face range from the agency's
surveillance practices to its re-
lationship with the Attorney
General, from its role in a pe-
riod of "radical" politics to the
distribution of power within
the bureau.
? Possible Choices -
Persons who are rumored to
he under consideration are Jer-
ry V. Wilson, police chief of
Washington, D. C.; Peter J.
Pitchess, sheriff of Los Angeles
County; Cartha D. DeLoach, a
iornwr top F.B.I. official and
now a vice president of Pepsi-
co, Inc.; Myles J. Ambrose, for-
mer head of the Customs Bu-
reau and now director of the
Office of Drug Abuse Law En-
forcement; Jerris Leonard, head
of the Law Enforcement Assis-
tance Administration; and
F.velle J. Yeemeee, Attorney
General of California.
Darker horses appear to be
John E. Ingersoll, director of
the Bureau of Narcot,ics and
Dangerous Drugs; andHP.Pre.
rick Gray 3d, Deputy Attorney
General-designate.'
Still less likely appear to be
Robert C. Mardian, former. As-
?sistant Attorney General. and
Supreme Court Justice Byron
R. White.
So far there are no solid re-
ports on the persons being
considered. According to reli-
able sources within the Justice
Department, Mr. Kleindienst's
meeting this afternoon was just
an informal "name - dropping"
session and no machinery has
yet been set up to gather and
process candidates for White
House consideration.
"Do not expect rapid ac-
tion, one informed official
said.
Apparently, some informal
lobbying has gotten under way.
A public relations assistant to
Mr. Ingersoll at the Bureau of
Narcotics called to offer a re-
porter a biography of Mr. In-
gersoll "in connection with Mr.
Hoover's death."
One course that the Adminis-
tration might choose would be
to have Mr. Kleindienst name
an acting F.B.I. director ? such
as W. Mark Felt, the current
No. 2 man ? and have him
keep the job through Novem-
ber.
That would eliminate thel
prospect of handing the Demo-
crats of the Judiciary Commit-
tee ? fresh from the embar-
rassing hearings relating to the
International Telephone and
Telegraph Corporation ? the
chance for scrutinizing another
Administration appointee as
well as the policies and prac-
tices of the F.B.I. during the
last three years.
By the logic of at least one
Administration official, if Mr.
Nixon loses in November, the
new President will appoint his
own F.B.I. director anyway.
And if Mr. Nixon wins, "there
will be a lot less zeal on the
part of the Democrats to ques-
tion anybody in the fall."
Asked how people in the
F.B.I. here were taking the
news of Mr. Hoover's death,
one long-time bureau official
said:
"There is no emotion. What
you had is a small empire and
a king, and very few people
ever got to meet the king. The
director was totally isolated.
People are sitting around ask-
ing, 'What's going to happen
and how will it affect me?' "
'Bureau Runs Itself'
d -fictr WrIff?C1e?044?/glilat
sense, the bureau runs itself."
Edward H. Hayes, the special
STAT I NTL
agent ?iri charge .of the burean c
in Wisconsin,, struck a typical gress.
note 'whem he said he had "no For that reason, former
worries about the future of the bureau officials have been
F.B.I. without Hoover." urging the need for "safe-
The personality and experi- guards" on Mr. Hoover's suc-
ence of the new appointee and cessor. One department official
the changes the Administration said today that the next ap-
would like to -see in the bureau pointee "will have to inspire'
are obviously linked, particu- confidence that he will not
larly in a Government bureau abuse the power of leading a
that has been the fiefdom of potential secret police force."
one man for almost half a cen- Whether or not Con-
tury. gressional critics of the bureau
Justice Department officials will now move to build such
have indicated for a long time restraints into the structure of
that they were unhappy, even the bureau is not yet clear.
at high levels, with three as-
pects of-Mr. Hoover's direction .
of the bureau, and they are al- "Democratic Views
Democratic. sources in the
.ready indicating that they hope Senate indicated today that
the Administration will try to some of the persons reportedly
remedy these in Appointing his under consideration would en-
successor. counter little opposition from
The first complaint of many them ? such as Justice White
officials was "the gulf" between and Police 'Chief Wilson.
the bureau and the Justice De-
:.partment. As one of them put
l it, "Mr. Hoover's tremendous
,dominance of the bureau al-
-lowed him to put a curtain
around it and- make it inviola-
ble at less than his level." This,
he said, impeded "day-to-day
working intercourse" between
On the other hand it
was contended that only
"Mitchellian logic" could
prompt the Administration to
face the likely Congressional
struggle of appointing sbme one
like Mr, Mardian, whom they
regard as an arch-conservative
people in the department and
on rights.
their counterparts ? in the
F.B.I. No matter whom the Admin-
Other Justice Department of- istration nominates, the bureau
ficials have spoken privately seems certain to face in the
Of a kind of clandestine rola- course of his confirmation hear-
tionship that grew up between
ings -the most thorough public
themselves and bureau em-
ployes, with F.B.I. personnel investigation in its history. The
helping them so (once as they nominee will doubtless be asked
were "protected" from Mr. to deal with a range of ques-
Hoover's learning they were
tions that have been raised with
.
not living by the rigid struc-
growing disquiet over the last
ture of the organization chart. year.
It was in April, 1971,. that
Representative Hale Bogs of
Louisiana, the House majority
leader, charged that the F.B.I.
had been tapping the telephones
of members of Congress. While
subsequently de did not pro-
duce evidence that would satis-
fy most of his colleagues, this
appeared to be the first of a
string of criticisms.
Senator Edmund S. Muskie,
Democrat of Maine, charged
that the F.B.I. had conducted -
widespread surveillance of
antipollution rallies on Earth
Day, 1970. Senator George Mc-
Govern, Democrat of South Da-
kota, contended that Mr. Hoov-
er had tried to injure the rep-
utation of an airline pilot who
had criticized the bureau for
its handling of a hijacking at-i
tempt. ?
Burglars broke into the
Media, Pa., office of the F.B.I.
That chart required every re-
quest from JuStice to go to the
top of the F.B.I., be approved,
then bucked down to the opera-
tional man. "It was," one of-
ficial explained, "a way of
preserving Mr. Hoover's con-
tr61."
Morale Problems Cited
The second complaint of some
department people was related.
They felt that the F.B.I. had
severe morale -problems, that
it inhibited and repressed its
younger men and daily forced
Iso much bookkeeping, clerical
:work and ritual forms on its,
lagents that they became parti-
ally immobile.
The third complaint related,
to Mr. Hoover's personality.,
Most Justice Department
lawyers shared respect for the
man and his accomplishments
in law enforcement. They -ad-
mired what Ray L. Feist, the
a
special agent in charge of the and released to the press doe-
El Paso, Tex., bureau office merits indicating that the bu-
pointed to today ? 47 years reau was engaged in active
free of fraud or scandal." surveillance of student, Negro
: GIA-R13980f-011431R0044N99pAplra,ps.
a very powerful agency, only _
about his near-total power in ? ?
bontliaued
N.
Approved For Release 20001SMINGEM-IRDPBCRAMIRgOGABOUir0001-3
19 MARCH '1972
STATINTL
EDITED
by LLOYD SHEARER
BECAUSE OF VOLUME OF MAIL RECEIVED, PARADE REGRETS IT CANNOT ANSWER QUERIES.
prr The FBI has
expanded its
GuEr V,n,O.1 overseas net-
' tihi,..asitl work of agents
from 90 to 96.
FBI operations in foreign
,countries have never been
specifically authorized by
;Congress. Intelligence
-gathering, 'especially over-
seas, is supposedly the
domain of the Central In-
telligence Agency. But FBI
.Director J. dgar Hoover
.has convinced Congress to
let him open two new
, offices abroad and increase
t his permanent foreign
staff.
The function of 96 FBI
agents in ten overseas
posts is to develop and
maintain a. close and co-
operative relationship with
police agencies in the
?countries to which they've
:been assigned.
Overseas the FBI agents
are called "legal at-
taches."
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larr.
Approved For Release 2006/01/0tEEIMDP80-01601ROOt
SOCIETY OF FORMER AGD:ITS
IZE1.IEI
07121293 ILV7A110 Zra
WILLIAM W. TURNER
Mr. Turner, a former FBI agent, is now a journalist and
lecturer. Ile is the author of Hoover's FBI (Sherbourne?Press)
and Power on the Right (Ramparts Press).
The annual convention of the Society of Former Special
Agents of the FBI might again have passed unnoticed last
fall had not Spiro Agnew been the featured speaker. The
press showed up at Atlanta's posh Regency Hyatt House,
and although rapped by the Vice President and the pro-
gram hairman and pointedly left unfed at lunch, dutifully
reported the speech. "Our traditional concept of success,"
Agnew told his well-tailored-and-barbered audience,
."makes the ultraliberal nose twitch with distaste, as though
it has sensed a vaguely unpleasant odor." The former G-
men greeted his familiar philippics with a standing ovation.
?" Despite this coverage, few newspaper readers had the
remotest idea of the success J. Edgar Hoover's alumni have
had in penetrating the highest echelons of the nation's
.security-industrial complex, or in populating the Congress,
the Executive, the Judiciary and state and local govern-
ments.
? As an index, there are eleven Society members in the
House of Representatives, foremost among them being H.
Allen Smith, ranking Republican on the powerful Rules
Committee. Four hold key staff positions on the House
'Internal Security Committee. The chiefs of the Defense
Intelligence Agency (DIA), Secret Service, IRS Intelli-
gence Division and Post Office Inspectors belong to the
Society. So do the security directors of major defense con-
tractors, large corporations and the National Football
League. Many public law-enforcement and private investi-
gative agencies are dominated by Society members. The
Governor of New Jersey carries a card, as does the attor-
ney general of California, who aspires to be that state's
governor in 1974.
The Society, with headquarters in the Statler Hilton in
New York, claims approximately 5,200 members. It was
founded in 1937 with slightly more than 100 members and
the motto: "Loyalty?Goodwill---Friendship." The moti-
vation seems to have been an American Legion-like cam-
araderie among men who fancied themselves front-line
veterans of the war against crime. To this day, the pages
of the Society's monthly Grapevine drip with nostalgia for
the Dillinger days. A recent article, for example, lamented
the passing of a member who had helped "set the trap for
John Dillinger in front of the Biograph Theatre in Chicago
on July 22, 1934," and ran a news photo of the agent,
in two-tone shoes and :straw boater, standing behind the
hearse that carried away the remains of Public Enemy No.
One. Another issue published an article by a charter mem-
ber, entitled "G-Men Cut Gangsters Down to Size in
?
Blazing 1920s." It told how "the FBI stepped in with bril-
liant detective work and undaunted courage under the
matchless leadership of J. Edgar Hoover." Nothing in
Grapevine tampers with the legend. No mention is made,
for instance, that theAlArtiltWiNia*RelitatleaNfd011103
Dillinger for the kill was actually a paid informer of the
private Hargrave Secret Service, and an announcement
that a member newly elected to a California judgeship took
part "under J. Edgar Hoover's leadership in the capture
of Roger 'The Terrible' Touhy" fails to recall that the FBI
had erroneously seized Touhy for the 1933 Hamm kidnap-
ping, a caper actually pulled off by Alvin "Kreepy"
Karpis.
The bond of experiences shared lures the Exes, as
they call themselves, to Society luncheons, dinners, dances,
parties, ceremonial functions and days at ballparks and
race tracks. A meeting of the Ls Angeles chapter was
addressed not long ago by Jeremiah O'Leary, a Washing-
ton Star reporter through whom the FBI plants its stories.
In 1970 the Philadelphia chapter passed a resolution ovei
after-dinner coffee, commending that city's "law-and-
order" police commissioner, now Mayor Frank Rizzo.
Later that year the Utah chapter played host to Judge
George W. Latimer, defense counsel in the My Lai trials.
And last October 22, Hoover himself appeared at a Wash-
ington chapter dinner to report delays in: the construction
of the new FBI headquarters (which will cost an estimated
$.105 million and be by far the most expensive government
office building).
Such events are covered by Grapevine in something of
a fraternity-house style. One recent item reported that a
member who manages a restaurant-hotel complex in South-
ern California had bought a female elephant for a wild
animal farm that is part of the promotion. The member,
the magazine advised, "is adamant in his refusal to ride
the elephant as a publicity stunt, even though it conforms
to his political party preference."
The Society's most important single activity is the Execu-
tive Services Committee, a kind of placement bureau that
depends on the local chairmen to keep it informed of local
employment opportunities. The Exes have found the FBI
legend highly exploitable?indeed, some entered the bu-
reau simply to gain the prestige. Lawyers have found that
an autographed portrait of Hoover on the office wall gen-
erates clients; others have discovered that the doors of
industry and commerce are frequently wide open. The
committee puts out feelers on behalf of agents who are
quitting or retiring. Its success is indicated by a recent
report that it had "placed thirty-nine Society members
with an average salary of $19,750."
The annual Congressional Night staged by the Society
shows just how highly placed some of the Exes are. The
1970 event, at the Rayburn House Office Building, heard
speeches by Secret Service Chief James J. Rowley and
Congressman Smith. The 1971 affair, transplanted to the
more commodious Shoreham Hotel, starred Lieut. Gen.
Joseph F. Carroll, head of the DIA, and Republican Con-
gressmen Samuel L. Devine of Ohio and Lawrence J.
Hogan of Maryland. Six other Congressional members of
the Society were present: Garry Brown (R., Mich.); Omar
T. Burleson (D., Tex.), chairman of the House Admin-
istrative Committee; Frank Denholm (D. S. Dak.); Ed
Ecgi&TRFR9.7CtiN:1)RAR114W29glalne (R., Iowa).
Three others who couldn't make it that night were Smith,
Robert Tiernan (D., R.I.) and Harold Runnels (D.,
Approved For Release 2006/01/03 : CIA-RDP80-0160
DES MOINES, IOWA
TRIBUNE
E - 113,781
JAN 2 6 1972
Spy Competition
The Federal Bureau of Investigation has 90.agents .
- overseas and plans to .add six more. Is J. Edgar?
Hoover trying for an International Bureau of Inves-..
tigation?
Columnists Rowland Evans and Robert Novak say
Hoover had to promise the State Department and the
Centraligence Agency (which have a primary
duty of -.1111ng intelligence abroad) that FBI
agents abroad would operate strictly under U.S. am-
bassadors. They will operate in the guise of "legal
attaches" to embassies. The FBI is said to have
agreed that it will not gather foreign intelligence,
but just help apprehend fugitives from U.S. justice. ?
Evans and Novak assert, however, that FBI men
do gather foreign intelligence and that they forward
it directly to FBI -headquarters, not through the am-
bassador. The intelligence the FBI gathers is mostly
worthless gossip, according to intelligence agents
f 'rim rival agencies.
Internecine wrangles am? ong rival intelligence out-
fits are normal. The Central Intelligence Agency
was created in 1947 to bring some order into the
situation ? to co-ordinate the work of the various
. Defense and State Department intelligence agencies
abroad, and leave the FBI to handle investigations
of violations of federal laws at home ? unless par-
ticular fields were assigned to other agencies, such
as the Narcotics Bureau.
The Central Intelligence Agency was forbidden to
do clandestine work inside the United States, but
an expose-type book by David Wise and Thomas
Ross ("The Espionage Establishment") asserted
that the 'CIA violates this ban.
A recent Newsweek account of the .shift of heroin
smuggling in the last two years from French and
Corsican smugglers to Latin American smugglers is
based mainly upon FBI sources. So evidently the
FBI has moved into narcotics, now, once reserved
for the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs.
Co-operation and even competition between differ-
ent federal agencies has its values sometimes, but
aren't jurisdictional lines getting pretty snarled up?
? Are there no workable limits for the FBI and the
C? IA?
STATINTL
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STATINTL
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HOLYOKE, MM.
TRANSCRIPT-7,ELEUMI
JAN 2 0 19rz
E 27,815
Indulgence
.We're going to wake up some
morning and find that J. Edgar
? Hoover has been named third-in-
line for the presidency. At about 10
'a.m. that day the president and his
number two will succumb to poison-
ed cheesecake and the Grand Old
Watchdog will take over.
Despite Hoover's enfeebled state
(even right-wing columnists con-
cede that his able men are quitting
and toads are rising) ? he still has
one of the biggest monuments in
Washington. The new FBI building
is second in size only to the Penta-
gon and will cost $120 million. Hoo-
ver feels nice about that since the
Kennedy Center cost just more than
half that.
While the world has been expect-
ing Hoover's retirement, he has ap-
parently been shoring up his Wash-
._ ,
ington stack. According to column-
ists Evans and Novak, he just got
authorization from Pres. Nixon to
open up '20 new spy offices 'abroad.
Coming at a time when foreign
service and the CIA are getting cut
back, there's hardly rational justi-
-fication for putting from two to six
agents in places like Rio de Janie-
ro, Santo Domingo, Canberra and
New Delhi as "legal attaches."
Hoover has a feud with the CIA .1
though, so I guess we've no choke
but to go along with his spy vs. spy
exercise. Every time he hears swing
tunes Hoover decides he wants to
get back into the kind of world-
wide operation he had in WWII
with the Intelligence Service. And, ?
as presidents and public know too
well, whatever Hoover wants, Hoo-
ver gets.
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J
NASIIINGTON POs
21 JAN 7972
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STATINTL
01400060001-3
Rowland Eimns and Robert`Novak
oover's Empire Abroad
..,
J. EDGAR HOOVER has
quietly won President Nix-
'on's approval for an expan-
Sion of the FBI's interna-
tional intelligence-gathering
operations despite grave
misgivings in the State De-
partment and Central Intel-
ligence Agency.
' That will put the Federal
Bureau of Investigation in
over 25 foreign capitals, un-
authorized specifically by'
law and unknown to the
public or most congressmen.
Moreover, these FBI agents,
supposedly stationed abroad
,to help apprehend fugitives
from U.S. justice, are trans-
mitting ? secret intelligence
reports back to Director
Hoover.
This bizarre story casts
further light on two intrigu-
ing aspects of Hoover: First,
his undiminished ability,
born of four decades of ex-
perience as the bureaucrat
supreme, to get his way in
Washington; second, the te-
nacity of Hoover's passion
to get the FBI into the spy
business and his animus to-
ward the CIA.
The overseas FBI agents
are called, officially and eu-
phemistically, "legal at-
taches" and are assigned to
U.S. embassies abroad.
,Legal attaches have long
performed useful work ? in
Ottawa and Mexico City,
helping track down fugi-
tives. Similarly, the case can
be made for agents assigned
to London, Tokyo and per-
haps one or two other for-
eign capitals.
But Hoover has gone far
beyond this. Shielded from
public and congressional
scrutiny, he has quietly built
an overseas network of FBI
agents in some 20 countries.
The latest step came last
year when the director pro-
posed expansion into . an-
other dozen capitals, and
showed his legendary deft-
ness in the bureaucratic jun-
gles by going right to the
top for approval.
In a private conversation
at the White House with
President Nixon, Hoover
casually brought up his de-
sire to establish a few new
legal attache offices. Like
most Presidents of the past
47 years, Mr. Nixon has no
desire to cross the director.
He agreed.
Thus, Hoover went to the
State Department armed
with the President's prior
approval, a fait accomp4.
State Department function-
aries, faced with cutbacks in
the demoralized Foreign
Service, were appalled at
presidential approval for a
dozen legal attache offices
- - .
containing two to six FBI quired to send foreign intel
agents each. Across the Po- ligence reports back to Hoo
tomae River, CIA officials. ver through FBI channels
eyed Hoover's overseas ex-
pansionism suspiciously.
In tedious negotiations,
the State Department man-
aged to cut back Hoover's legal attaches for failure to
expansion by about half. Fi- send him sufficient intelli-
nally, the FBI proposed gence material.
opening new offices in six The caliber of the intelli-
additional cities: Manila, gence picked up by the over-
Rio de Janeiro, Singapore, seas FBI agents is consid-
New Delhi, Canberra and ered suspect by intelligence
Santo Domingo. Although experts, however. Barred
the location of legal attache from conducting overseas
offices is a closely guarded operations, ?the legal at-
secret, it is understood that taches tend to pass along
FBI agents will now be gossip picked up on Em-
placed in all of these cities bassy Row and in the coffee
with the possible exception houses. Whether the thou-
of New Delhi. sands of tax dollars spent
for this purpose is justifia-
ble is therefore questiona-
ble.
But, as we have reported
in earlier columns, the F'BI's
own outstanding agents
know that the bureau could
stand substantial improve-
ment in . carrying out the
tasks Congress has assigned
to it?particularly apprehen-
sion of foreign espionage
agents in the United States.
In view of that, Hoover's
overseas expansionism, con-
doned by the President and
the Secretary of State,
seems particularly inappro-
priate.
Publishert-Hall Syndicate
unseen by State Department
or CIA. Indeed, the director
himself has reprimanded
IN OTHER WORDS, Sec-
retary of State William Rog-
ers, who as attorney general
under President Eisenhow-
er in the late 1960s gave
Hoover free rein at the FBI,
decided not to make an
issue of Hoover's worldwide
expansionism. One reason is
assurances, given to both
the State Department and
CIA, that the overseas FBI
agents will be operating
strictly under the U.S. am-
bassadors and will not be
gathering foreign intelli-
gence.
The truth is otherwise.
The "legal attaches!' are re-
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WASHINGTON STAR
1 2 JAN 1972
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DAVID LAWRENCE
Hoover Should Be Kept as Adviser
To some people, the possible
resignation in 1972 or 1973 of J.
Edgar Hoover at the end of a
long and. meritorious career
would mean just a change in
an official position, which hap-
pens often in government as
able replacements are found.
But the head of the Federal
Bureau of Investigation is to-
day one of the most impor-
tant persons in the govern-
ment, and anybody who suc-
ceeds him can hardly have the
knowledge that Hoover has
gathered in 48 years of dedi-
cated service.
The Bureau of Investigation
was established in 1908 to han-
dle Department of Justice in-
vestigations. But it had many
difficulties and it had to be
reorganized during the Cool-
idge administration. In 1924, J.
Edgar Hoover was appointed
by Atty. Gen. Harlan F. Stone
as its director and has served
in that post ever since.
When this correspondent
talked with officials in the ear-
ly 1920s about the future of the
FBI, they foresaw it as a
small agency that would do
the detective work of the gov-
ernment. But when Hoover
took charge, he began to de-
velop it as an effective investi-
gative unit that could be help-
ful not only to the Department
of Justice but to the President
and other executive depart-
ments.
? The main reason why many
people inside the government
will be sorry to see Hoover
retire is that he has performed
useful duties in information-
gathering and has been able to
detect activities by factions or
groups either generated by_
foreign influences or prompted
by a desire to assist the causes
of countries hostile to Ameri-
ca.
All that Hoover has packed
into his mind over these many
years has not been put on pa-
per. President Nixon will be
reluctant to see him go.
This correspondent has not
mentioned the subject to Hoo-
ver, but believes that perhaps
the present director of the FBI
could be persuaded, when he-
does decide to retire, to contin-
ue to perform duties as an
adviser, especially in delicate
situations that arise from time
to time and with which he is
familiar. Also, this would per-
mit orderly transfer of the
huge task to the new director,
which is not going to be some-
thing that can be done in a
year or two.
Hoover is not interested at
the moment in retiring, but
when he is ready 'to leave pub-
lic office, he ought to be en-
couraged to serve as an advis-
er to his successor so that his
recollections of events and his
knowledge of particular types
of problems will become MI-
mediately available to whoev-
er is in charge of the FBI and
to the President.
Few people have a complete
knowldege of the scope of the
FBI's operations. It does, of
course, cooperate with the lo-
cal police departments and en-
forcement bodies. But its main
functions are carried out
through its own investigative
machinery, which is very effi-
cient and works to collect in-
formation that has often been
used to solve crimes promptly.
A lot of the important tasks
performed by the FBI never
get into print. This is because
they are merely in the infor-
mation-gathering category and
are transmitted to other agen-
cies, such as the CIA, and fre-
quently help in dealing with
plots of an international na-
ture which have been hatched
to hurt this country.
The FBI has a limited num-
ber of agents, and the decision
of how to use them requires
experience. Some people think
the FBI only serves the De-
partment of Justice in the pur-
suit of evidence in connection
with certain kinds of criminal
activities. But the FBI has
worked in many cases that
never became public. The man
who must survey this entire
establishment and watch it
from all sides gathers over the
years an experience that is
difficult to describe. For this
is almost unlimited in cover-
ing the many crime problems
that arise.
J. Edgar Hoover has in-
stilled a Spirit of fidelity
among his men not to any po-
litical party but to the govern-
ment of the United States. His
wide experience should not be
lost. If he does retire, a meth-
od should be found to maintain
contact with him for his ad-
vice, as his 48 years have
taught him more than any oth-
er man knows about the
crimes and underground war-
fare with which this country is
threatened from time to time.
Certainly it is to ? be hoped
that Hoover would accept the
idea of an arrangement that
would continue to make avail-
able to the government his un-
matched knowledge in a spe-
cial and important field.
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FBI CONFERENCE
TIIL lIATIO11
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maircuil fil`MVALIIITYN
Mr: Schardt is a Washington-based free-la nee writer concen-
trating on civil liberties subjects; and iS national legislative
director .of -the ACLU.
Supreme Court nominee Lewis Powell characterizes criti-
cisms of the Federal Bureau of Investigation as "mindless
attacks." Supreme Court. nominee William Rehnquist is
impatient with those who Object to the Bureau's proclivity
'for tapping the private telephone conversations of law-
abiding citizens... Some .71 per cent of the American
people are so untroubled by the role of the FBI in
America that they can assure Gallup pollsters. they high-
ly approve of the Bureau's work. Those who disagree
with the majority on this inevitably emotional topic are
often called "soft on crime," or worse. Indeed, most of
the majority would. transpose the phrase "mindless
critics". to read "any critics," for they have long been
.conditioned to misconstrue even constructive criticism of
.. the Bureau as an attack upon it. . .
But those who disagree with the majority are growing,
both in .numbers and in determination that the time has
come_ for a searching evaluation of Amen 's single most
sacrosanct institution of government. So it was that early
this month the Committee for Public Justice,. a recently
formed group concerned about political repression,
- teamed up with the Woodrow Wilson School of Princeton
?University to conduct a historic conference?the first or-
ganized, serious, scholarly inquiry ever conducted int.()
?the place of the FBI in American society.?
. Participants included some forty legal and constitutional
scholars, journalists, former agents, former Justice De-
partment personnel and ex-informers. Inside Princeton's
Cols;vin. Hall they sat around a huge, green felt rectangle
of tables, amidst microphones, pitchers of ice water, tape
recorders, banks of TV cameras and tall towers of blind-
ing lights. For the sake of the cameras, the huge room's
.30-foot tan curtains were closed against the brilliant
sunlight of two sweet, warm fall days. Inside, the discus-
sions w6-it on and on and on. If the hard-working group
never saw the light of day inside that morn, their pulling
and tugging and probing did manage to shed a different
kind of -light on a topic long exempt from meaningful
scrutiny.
Getting there' was not half the fun. From its in-
ception, the conference had been accused of being
"loaded" against the FBI. It was, in fact, difficult to
achieve a satisfactory balance, since invitations to partici-
pate or to send a representative were rejected by Atty.
Gen. John Mitchell, the Society of Former Special Agents,
and J. Edgar Hoover himself, the latter asking the con-
ference, in the ? course of a 7-page letter of regrets, for
an "acquittal" in the "trial.' .
--A name-calling, pre-conference column by William F.
Buckley wrote off thArrtiVecr IktstigiboWticiriedIA-RbPsoifot4lo TR9 0400esoo CIA ? always felt,
taking the Fifth Amendment duiing the 1950s witch
hunts, or publicly disagreeing with Mr. Hoover. On the
floor of Congress the conference was attacked by Rep:
Richard "chord, chairman of the House Internal Security
Committee. A 2-page ad in The Daily Princetonian, head-
lined "Scholarly Convocation or Hatchet Job?," was.spon-
sored by Undergraduates for a Stable America (USA),
a group headed by T. Harding Jones, a senior who last'
summer served as a White House intern to Presidential
counselor Robert Finch. Jones termed the conference "the
epitome of the bias and oneness of opinion that the USA
has tried to change at the university." (I. F. Stone ex-
claimed that he ne.ver thought he would live to see such
a meeting, let alone at Princeton, "which I had always
considered an air-conditioned desert island where [politics
professor] Hubie Wilson sits in lonely liberal splendor.")
Numerous protests came also from Princeton's con-
servative alumni, along with thick stacks of hate mail
and threats. The range and depth of protests against even
this sober effort to examine the FBI underscored the'
overwhelming success of the Bureau's decades-long pub-
licity campaign, and reinforced the need to hold such a
Seminar. ?
Besides examining the role, powers and structure of.
the Bureau, the conference aimed to study six major
areas of. mounting concern. Princeton professor of politics
Duane Lockard, a conference co-chairman along with
Norman Dorsen of NYU Law School and-Burke.Marshall
of Yale Law School, listed them in a 'letter re-extending
an invitation to Mr. Hoover: the Bureau's failure to deal
adequately with organized crime; the extent and nature
of its use of informers; its collection of vast quantities
of data on private citizens; the Bureau's budget; its per-
formance in ?enforcing civil rights laws; and its public
relations activities.
To do its work, the smoothly run marathon was or-
ganized to hear summaries of thirteen study papers. pre-
pared by various participants, to discuss. each .of them,
and to take part .in four panels------one featosil:-,?: ex-
informers, one of former Special Agents, one of fsEener
Justice_ Department officials, and one - examini::,, FBI
relationships with local-Police. Questions were accepted
from anyone in the room----conferees, official observers,
or members of the general public who filtered in and out
Of the 200 chairs provided for them at one end of
:the room..
At the end of the first day, which lasted until- .after
10 P.M., persons were heard to say that they had 'not.
learned much new. Yet even near the close of almost.
twelve hours of work, everyone in that _room had been
listening and concentrating with notable intensity. And
by the end of. the second day, it was unmistakable that.
something important had gradually been.. put together,
topic piling upon topic until there it all was.'
What it amounted to was an enormous collection of
information, proposals and unanswered questions. And
FBI nuts" and others NV o had committedsuch sins as
"eon t nu o.ti
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A New leocv,s on F.B.le
Talk in Capital No Longer Centers on
Hoover but on Bureau as Institution
By ROBERT M. SLII.TH
Special to The New Yoe.: Times
WASHINGTON, Nov. 8--How,timeof "radical" politics; mean-
good are your 'relations with
J. Edgar Hoover, a Justice De-
partment official was asked.
ingful oversight of the bureau's
finances; the relationship be-
tween the bureau and local
police forces, and the dissemina'
TL SIAIINIL
400060001-3
was in order was an examina-
tion of the burdens that the
executive branch had placed oil
the F.B.I. in the last 30 years.
His basic argument was: If,
the President and his assistants,
tell the F.B.I. that they want to
know whether .there are sub-
versives at an ecological or con-
stuner gathering, what bureau
director is going to say, "We
shOuldn't try to find out."
Questions . like that carried
the conference to support of a
suggestion heard in Washing-
ton since last spring,: The
"No better better and no worse than Lion and control of computer-
tion of a. hoard of private citi-
they. have ever been," be re- stored information, zens to monitor t he F.BI.'s
.
work. That is not a suggestion
lied One sign of the new question-.
CIL mg the recent conference i ..hat Mr. Hoover's operating
- Does that Mean they ?
on the F B.1. at Princeton Uni- !style makes him likely to wel-
good or bad, the . questioner '
vers 3. . aeclined to
it , Mr Hoover d COrne.
perSiaed. "No comment," the go off the ground that the par-
official said. When
. a Justice Depart-
- .
Analysis ment official does
News not not say out-
right that Things ? - ---- - - -
_ with the F.B.I. arc
of Senator Robert F. Kennedy.
. .
just great, it is significant. It Nevertheless, the criticism of
is a sign of the times and of the bureau tended, on the
whole, to be scholarly and in-
the problems that have recent-
_ ?
dcipants were patently biased
against him. Many of them
were, as they were civil liber-
tarians and former associates
stitutional.
ly come to plaaue the F.B.I. 's
76-year-old One of the key questions that
It is also a sign of Mr. developed at Princeton was:
.
Should the F.B.I. Combine both
Hoover's bureaucratic skill,
jus, criminal investigations and se-
power, perseverance and cnrity surveillance?and where
plain staying-power that offi-
does one draw the line between
cials still don't talk about the
real problems between their
agencies and the F.B.I.
If they wanted to talk about
them publicly, they could men-
tion that the bureau has severed
direct liaison with the Central
Intelligence Agency. They would
also contend that it is plagued
with bureaucratic ,rigidity in
carrying out its assignments
and is as jealous as an inse-
cure lover of the information
it has gathered.
Although officials are not dis
cussing Mr. Hoover publicly,
there is increasing discussion of
the F.B.I. as an institution.,
- A Different Crossroads
Thus, 3. Edgar Hoover is not
just at another of the crossroad
that have dotted his 47-year
career as the bureau's chief.
The focus has shifted. Washing- F.B.I. surveillance?and the
ton is now talking about what Jolm Birch Society, which he
is wrong with the .agency?in- thought should not. But those,
stead of what's wrong with Mr. he acknowledged, were extreme
Hoover?and- the bolder offici cases.
are speculating on what should
be done to the agency and who
should head it when Mr. Hoove
is gone. ,
In the last few months, since
Representative Hale Boggs's
charges that Congressmen's
telephones were tapped, the per
sonal attacks have dropped off.
The disc.16;Sions now involve
such topics as: the responsive-
ness of the ,bureau to the con-
trol ofAftrOiiodifrofiRdie
and the rrtsioent; its role in a
the two?
' Professor Troubled _
Prof. Thomas I. Emerson, a
Yale law school professor, said
that what bothered him about
the bureau was its work in
'compiling political dossiers on
people not chaaged with a
crime or reasonably suspected
of a violation of the law."
Two participants ammeditately
replied with two questions:
Would he not want the F.B.I.
to look into a "political" group
whose activities included vi-
olence? And who should decide
what constitutes "reasonable"
suspicion of violating the law?
Mr. Emerson agreed that
these were tough questions. He
drew a distinction between the
Ku Klux Klan--which he
thought should be subject to
. The conference- made- no
progress in drawing a clearer
line. ? ??- ?
Nor did the conference make
headway on the question, of
who should decided. which
groups ought to be bugged,
tapped and watched. Some
participants contended that
whoever that person should be,
he should not be Mr. Hoover.
John T. Elliff, a young peliti-
VrsTr6PARP3tYaletIVM
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STATINTL
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From Vic Patriot Wire Services
? WASHINGTON -- CIA Direc-
tor Richard A. Helms has been
- given broad overall supervision
in an overhaul of the United
States' intelligence gathering
Operations, the White House
announced yesterday. ?
Officials said Helms would
be freed from some operational
responsibility at the Central In-
telligence Agency tO assume
"communitywide responsi-
bilities of the several scattered
intelligence operations."
Chairman George H. Mahon
of the House Appropriations
Committee, which has been
amOng.congeossional critics of
' U.S. intelligence operations,
? said after a White House brief-
ing on the reorganization that
it was a step in the right direc-
tion, but it was too early to pre-
diet results.
? "I believe we can save per-
sonnel and money and get
more intelligence," Mahon told
a reporter, but he quickly
?added that intelligence oper-
ations had been repeatedly
reorganized with but ,limited
. success.
C Rep. Lucien Nedzi,
-chairman of a House armed
:seryices subcommittee with so-
:pervisory responsibility for the
CIA and Pentagon intelligence
or:i.erations, said he did not find
the new shakeup particularly
.i!dramatic."
tr
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1R001400060001-3
?An intelligence 'committee
will be set up within the Na-
tional Security Council which
:will be headed by Dr. henry A.
Kissinger, presidential adviser
?. on national security affairs.
The committee will include the
CIA director, the attorney gen-
eral, the under secretary of
' state, the deputy secretary of
? defense 'and the chairman of
, the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
put Nedzi questioned the ad- --A "net assessment group"
"I, will be ,established within the
ditional duties given Helms.
have doubts about the capacity-.) ational Security Council
; which will be responsible for
of any one person to be able to; ?reviewing and evaluating all
oversee the entire intelligence '*itellieence
oPeration and at the same time
administer the CIA," the con-
gressman said.
The reorganization also re-
vived the old U.S. Intelligence
Board whose membership will
include Helms, FBI Director 3.
Edgar Hoover, the chief of the
Defense intelligence agency
and representatives of other
agencies with a stake in in-
telligence operations.
Time magazine reported in
its October-25 issue that Hoo-
ver recently had "effectively
cut off the international from
the national intelligence effort"
by limiting contacts between
FBI and CIA men. But officials
flatly denied the report.
Time in the same article said
Hoover also had abolished a
seVen-Man FBI section that
maintained eopta.ct with other
U.S. intelligence units, in-
eluding the defense intelligence
agency... -
The- White 1-lose announce;
in e n t listed these specific ?
steps:. -
--Helms will assume "en-
hanced leadership" in plan-
ning, reviewing, coordinating
,and evaluating all intelligence
?Iprograms and activities.
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STATINTL
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JOURNAL GAZETTE
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?
Scab
Much of what's been happening at
-
the FBI recently will never appear on
its Sunday evening television Show. On
TV .the inspector never unekpectedly
"resigns" or gets transferred to' a remote
) post, the' FBI never bungles a rescue at-
rtempt.. during a plane hijacking; and,
most importantly; it n-e7Frii7"gsked to
appear at a university seminar to de-
fend its activities.
The FBI's early strength was the
; product of 'a single dedicated man,, the
? director. The FBI's current -weaknesses
' ;have the same origin. The identification
of the individual with the institution
has made it. particularly,difficult to sep-
arate the-two and look at the 'BI with
the same sort of detachment given other
federal agencies. And that's ihe point
on which most of the FBI criticism bogs
down.'
A recent' Princeton University con-
ference on the FBI followed a familiar
script. Invited 'to appear before the con-
ference, irector J. Edgar Hbover de-
'dined on the grounds that the FBI had
been' convicted ahead of time, but he
sent along letter defending the bureau
. and itsoperations. Hoover also stig-
., .
gested referendum on FBI perform-
ance among living U.S. Presidents, Con-:
gressmen, ? Senators, at'torneys' and fed-
eral judges. A referendum, however, is
hardly the type of review the FBI
needs.
If the Princeton-type examination irks
the FBI, it might be pointed out that,
there has been little else done over the'.
years to make unnecessary. The long-'
standing lack of accountability 6'.nd ade-'
quate review procedures have led to a'
massive accumulation of questions, com-
plaints and weaknesses that threatens,
both the FBI's image and effectiveness.
While no one would -reasonably suggest
"politicizing" the bureau, there are
numerous matters about FBI quality,
competence, direction of activities, and
.financial expenditures thatare of legiti-
mate, public concern, but have been .
sealed away in the name of security.
There have been a number of recent,
reports, ,Including the severing of close
relationships with the Central Intelli-
gensi_g_'1. ency, to support the belief that
FBI is running inlo' substantial conflicts. ?
As long as the bureau remains althost I
totally immune from a 'thorough and
relatively impartial review, which' might
be provided by a Presidential cornmis?
sion, there is no way of knowing wheth- ;
.er the FBI's version of national security
is a sound or defective ,product. And
there's little possibility for ?examining
the product as long as the critics can
only focus on the director's scalp.
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? ? ';','_.k.Q.H..11-'iGTON
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rilJV tjfi
THE APPREHENSION of -\-VaS. prepared by Dor
the Federal Bureau of 311.. thy Lmldsberg -and John t/
Doar., who served in the Jus-
vestigation that last week's lice Department's civil
citizens' inquiry v,-ould rc- u:
sot in a 101)51(10(1 rights division from 1960 to
'"""" 1967.
lug was largely unjustified. In the unlihely event that
? As it turned out, the Con-
an official body held a simi-
ference on the FBI at lar hearing on the FBI, this
Princeton 'University f
-alth" paper would be an invalua-
fully mixed its criticism ble model of objeativity,
with some solid support and
personal knowledge and
meaningful insights into the
agency built by J. Edgar To the long-standing criti-
Hoover. cism that the FBI dragged
? To be sure, there was an its feet on civil rights, Doer
abundance of shrill dentin- pointedly replied that nei-
ci`iti?"" from P"fes"4"1"1 ther the government nor the
haters of 3""g st""M"'-'; American people were.
and it was true that Prince- ready, in 1960, for the civil
ton's Duane Lockard, con- rights revolution but that
ferenee chairman, loaded the the law had involuntarily
sessions with plenty of enlisted the 1-13.1.
D ng
critics. ocumenti POI failures
betweengj and 1961, floor
As Lockard explained yes-
''The bureau was ill-pre-
pared for its predicament. Is
it any wonder it delivered
such a lackluster perform-
ance? FBI field offices in
the South were neglected
and undermanned. There
were no bureau manuals on
the detection of discrimina-
tory selection of voters.
"Voter discrimination
it-
self had not yet been clearly
or Specifically defined. 'Ile
bureau supervisors .es.tab-
lished in high posts at the
scat of government knew
only the myths published by
the disciples of the solid
South."
But with the buildup of
violence in Mississippi in
1961, a series of events pro-.
duced, Dour said, a "magnif-
icent change" in 1131 per-
formance.
TEE EVENTS included
the murder .of three 3 oung
civil rights workers; art c.:K-
ataination of the ildissi,ssippi
situation by former CIA
Dircetor Allen Dulles, and
Moyer himself, plus the
,most ? complete explanation opening of an FBI office in
1'0?,010 a assignment of more than 150
terday, "How else could you
have a conference" on FBI
procedures and its role in
society "without inviting
mostly critics?"
But whether out of a
sense of fair play or bp-
'cause. the conference WilS
indRed rigged, individuals
?saw to it that the FBI got
Its due along With its lumps.
For example, Burke. Mar-
shall, former assistant attor-
ney general in the Kennedy
administration, listeized to
alleged FBI informers_ and
wondered aloud NV he ther
they should have even been
Invited.
? Chairman Lockard also
Invited Fir?ank Carrington
and Richard 'Wright of the
conservative 'Americans for
Effective Law Eilfoi cement,
? Inc., of Chicago and then
saw to it ?..1.1.ey were 'given
every oppOrtunity to criti-
cize the critics.
IN THE CONCERN over
whether the FBI was getting
a lair shake Or 1101, probably
the best and certainly the
?
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TATI NTL
11) (1
Ll.
Aftei.? that, Doer said, the.
FBI "demonstrated IL sZ-ime
of the toughest law enforce-
ment assignments 3111Ftgilla-
ble, exactly how and why it
had earned its reputation
for thoroughness, -persist-
c'nce and toughmilidedness
in responsible law enforce-
went." ?
In solving major rights
cases involving the Ku Kiev
Klan, Dour supported the
FBI's use' of paid inform-
ants, infiltration, wiretap-
ping and oilier tactics
soundly criticised by others
at the conference as
in-
fi-ingcrncnts on constitution-
al rights.
Several Co7iference parti-
cipants asked, if Doer's ap-
proval of Fill methods in
fighting the Fien'inight also
be applied hi such groups as
the Black Panthers or the
Weatticrmi-in faction of Stu:
dents for a Democratic So-,
elety. .
The responses we.re so di2
verse tina even the FBI
would be satisfied of a bone-
Lick' cross section of opinion.
?
N'd# riiii-*OaOodaritytto3.3em-R12108dbai601R001400060001-3
nearly ignored.
agents to the state.
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?P ? 77.--v
1?1 .2
, ? 11
ti 1) 7 cl 11
L ii 7 1;
. BY GLEN 3;31SASSE1
[Chi ca TerJuLe Yu:1;s
PRINCT;TON, N. J., Oct: 'cif--
For the firs/co time in history,
, Edgar Hoover's 1.7 ederaI Bu-
reau of -Investigation was on
trial.
But, after two days of
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mane:A?even if the prelimi- ! failed to give it direction, gold-
nary cheek produces negative..
results. I-Ief also said .that or- 1 Generous Budgets Noted 1
ganizations, not "high priority" ? The cc c' was also given -
survellaace i.argets, are sys- a critical look at the FBI's
tematically im'iltrated by the . budgeting. process and how un-
FBI in order to . provide in- hke other governmont, agencies
formers with cover for pone- - and dep,.onc.,,nts, the Far is
tr'ti"g more inaceesiblegrollps.. not subject to the usual outside
The 11-3-I was also frequently budget reviev,- systems,
attacked during the conference `,',-'::!er rircus,1::: ?,-.rrr. in- I ?
for its ciisseinination of data vestigator for .the Senate' For-
rot connected with criminal ac- eiLn R el a ti 0 a s Committee,
tivity. Arych Neier, executive .
directer of the Arnerlea.n Civil n?1-ed that in the last 21 years
therties Union, ollarcecl that the FBI had received exactly
the FBI has injured "millions what it asked fer In its hnclet
Valley, Cal.-, ene of tome for- of people" by data dissemina- .in all but te\yo years. Ca these
mar FBI agents who partici- 'tion functions that. are beyond 'occasions, he said Congress
pated in the conference, pre- the agency's legislative author- rave it roci,e it's original
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For two days at Princeton's
Corwin Hall, the committee
heard -excerpts from 33 papers
specifically commissioned for
the occasion.- The papers, to he
published in book form,
amounted to prebahly the most
concentrated attack on the FBI
liberal by scholars, former ln existence. ? ,
-
its
ear
Justice Denartmefit officials . _Wtiat ernergej was a pictlife.
Find .writers, there. is no final 01 ag3-neY obsessed bY bun>
verdict on this most untou.ch- .crate skuliclro'igcrY, aPParently
able of .Arnerican.governmental. growing snore powerful thr?u its
institutions. . widening use of informers and
The organizers of affair wiretaps, and fast becoming a
?the Cora,nittee. for' Public . serious threat to constitutional
Justice, top heavy with liberal rights.
Democrats?pleaded ignorance William W .Thr-i-16r of 1,1E1
yesterday as they wound up
the proceedings at Princeton
University.
In their final statement the
Committee's organizers .stated
the problem as they saw it and
their inability to do more than
draw public attention the
situation.
'"The obi-Aral point is that for
50 years a powerful federal
seated a highly unflattering "in- ity.
? requests:
skier's vIew" of the agency According to Nein, of the he added that most govern-
his paper. Turner was pi-evi-
?' u'
,0" ss 01- finge11-Prints Ye" ment agencies except perhaps
,?,111:snla,-Vel=1;',ed bY the Fla as eeived bff - the- FBI on an the Central Intelligence Agency
. erage working day in: ? 1970, almost fiever receive what they
Besides the usual office gos- only 13,000 came ..from law Cil- request.
sic and tales of. lie under a agenoics. The
Pincus also riduculed Hoo-
director who tolcrates no minder wc.r.z. from banks, in_
ver's statistics used in his ap-
cism, Turner disparaged many ' snranoe Companies, govern_
1,-;earanees before the House
cc-
ment -agencies engaged in hir-- pi?opriations, Su be orn m it t C e
lag and licensing pc-ople, or handling the . FI31 funds as
other sources not directly con- meanir.gless.
neeted to law enforcement. Examples of these ? figures
Care:essness Is A/lcged are: Fugitives located were
318, "a new high and an in-
crease of 11; per cent over the
locations in 1930 6Alto1nc-
bile recoveries increased 5 per-
cent in 1970 as compared to
of the FBI's achievements in
catching spies an) criminals.
7N7 ? In short, he attempted to (loci:-
ment what he. believed to be
the great gap between the
agency has net had the ,thoro myth and reality cf.
review that we believe free-
? The A. C. L. U. official said
Warns of Informer Use that.the FBI, ?on receiving these
dom and good gOVOITIment re- _
.former rm figunt told rc,ort:s t113
quIrc in, a democracy, ?lie.),
said how ag,ents are, "paperbound" what the FBI files show on the
. ,
(Public officials have not in a morass ot forms and Luc- subiset if the fingcl.pri-1t.
conducted such a review and
private citizens find th.einselves
unable to do. so theroly for a
Jack of public information,". the
committee leaclet-s; concluded.
uments that must be idled out for Noier 1039 to reach a- record high
Agents have strict time re- Was the bureau's die cd care- ei 3?,5'30."
cluirc,monts for instance, he lessne.ss in distin5nishing ba- Overseers Board Urged
said, such as being expected to .? , In the end the, committee
came up with more gripes than
recommendations for the FBI.
The roost important question to
he settled, it seemed to be,
? ' _ ; Another particl)ant .Franic ? . ?
Hoover, who wilt be, 71 ;! , paiticipaht, jorm Intl, am ? was how to draw the line be-
Do -
? nne,i', a Yale University lay, ? ?
assIstant professor of dooties tWOOn thr..:1 FBI's crImcf 'eorce-
?neat functions and its role in
at Brandeis University, praised
spend a certain amount of time '' . ' ? '- ' ' `""e' ? '-'-')
"criminal . in 3IS data gathering and dis-
cultivating potential
"We have inulft f-i . start 1-i,re, ,
but it is only a start. \;.70 urge imormants, security informants semination?
Congress to cont1nue. and racial infoiTnants." - Nevertheless, one co.r.ferca:ce
professor .active in .the
smoo 1921, refused to partici-
pate or sencl a rc.present:iiive can Civil Union,
,ef warned that the gro,,,iing use
to the meeting. Hoover char,:,
of informers by
that the oo.nunittoe whose n the FBI is turn-
prominent members include 11?
r-s the nation into a "Judas
forrner Atty. Gen.' Ramsey ;
ecenteed that FPI nre- burcau'
Clark with whom he has feuded T. Ile blarned any FBI fatilts on
and who was absent, and Burlir?"liminar probes.61 . Pe'erh'I''' the "long line of attorneys, ciea- I
Marshall, a former assistant 51105 '7 organiz sid
ations' thru
oral Preents and Cone?ress.es
atterney general?was APIOVettftit RMeit6 2066/0110Aio. 'ciA7RQE113970:60,RPP
against him. ? to tie FBI, but have
Hoover for establishing a highlypolitical surveillance.
objective and politically neutral' There were also remnime31c3--
system for processing, fihn, tions that a board of overseers
he .established to review the
and retrieving data for th'o,
activities, or an, om-
budsman be created to hear
citizens' complaints ?bout the
?
40S0600Ceti-fair iloover may
have the final word. The ex.?
fereneo prornist,d to send hIm
(1/
WASHIN"GTON POST
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By Charles Krause
Speei.afto ryfie Washing Lon_ Cl .
PRINCETON, NA, Oct. 30 bureaucrat,' 11.undley said.
? The threc-co?chairmen- of "He . always picked areas
the two-day Conference on the where he had the must popn,-
.FBT called on Congress today Liar and political suj port. lii
for a "thorough review" of the; some political prosecutions
FBI "neither to N'indicate, nor w?as involved with, the bureau
condemn the. bureau" ? .but was very,-very sensitive."
"only to.l.mprove it." The discussion of .the FBI's
Burke----klarshall, former as investigation of organized
sistant attorney general dm- crime- stemmed from a paper
lag the Keon:edy. administra, presented to the conference
tion, Norman Dolton, a profes- by Fred J, Cook, author -of
SOt of Jaw at New York 'filo FBI and Organized
verSity, and W. Intane: Lock- Crime." Cook said the FBI be-
arch, chairman of Princeton came interested in the Mafia
'University's politics depart- only after Robert Kennedy he-
meat, said that "for 50 years came attorney general and
, powerful federal. agency has even then was not -always' cc-
not had the thorough review operative. ?
? .
-that. we believe freedom and'
? - -iiI,'
. good government require in a A dsciisson of the F BS
. performance. in investigating
democracy. ,
The conference, which civil rights voting chscrimma-
? - tion cases was led by jOhn
ended this afternoon m
, ade .a
Doar, former assistan1 attor-
start toward such an inquiry,
novferteral in the civil rights
the co-chairmen said, but *,.as
hampered "for lack of public
division. Door said that before
.
-Informal ion.??we . urge - our 7964 "we found that the bu-
reau didn't know the-. ft
legislative representatives to
thing about its job" of investi-
consider a national conitnis-
gating discrimination cases. .
sion of inquiry that would an-
swer raany of the questions But alter Director
railed here:, tiny said.. Allen Dulles ?spent two da,vs
The co-chairmen suggested investigating alt increasingly
that the Senate, 'having power violent situation in .ilissi:ssi90
of approval over the next in 1904,' "the bureau really
director of the FBI, might do performed," he said.
the job. . Door defended the FBI's Use
One of the conference's 1-par.' of informers, wiretaps and
ucipapts had another view, electronic surveillance in gain-
howeym Bermird ? Fenster, ing, information about the Mt
wald, former counsel to the Klux Klan . and differ-ed.
-
Administrative Practices sub- sliarPlY
- with opinions ex-
committee of- the Senate Judi_ pressed earlier in the confoi;-
? airy Committee, said he did ence that the use of informer
not think Congress "is ? ever "raises the .specter of a PoNe
going, to investigate' J. _Edgar .-sttic.e-'
Heover or the FBI. Hoover's;
got a dossier on everyone on
the Hill, and they know it."
? 'William Hundley, chief of
the Justice Department's- or-
ganized crime division from
1958 to 1906, said he believed-
one of -the reasons the- FBI
had been lax in investigating
organized crime ? was that
'many .eOngressinen - had
connections with the Mafia
and that, conversely,. congress-
men will be loath to. invosti-
:gate the inn-eau because they
, -feared the F.2.T. Might ictal
.
L'iou,er is the complet
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Tr -ir t.
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I',71r:;.40yri7 1.-(':...!' ' , r'.:s I .. T ii"
:?.1.:, i.,...... :../..: i oLi (if- .ff.: di ,,..? .t,..
. 13y Charles Krause
tipeclal to The W[15%11111;1..011 post
PRINCETON? N.3, Oct.
7?An TBI Conference"
ope:ned here today with the 55
participants painting a grim
. picture of a. police state disre-
garding crMstitutional liber-
ties and repressing political
dissent by use of informers,
'wiretaps, electronic surveil-
lance and agents provocaturs,
The ? 1'm, charging it was
cast as the "defendant" and
:found guilty before the fact,
has ciclined to participate.
? Legal scholars,- politicai sci-
entists, journalists and former
Justice Department personnel,
FBI agents and informants
spoke of increasingly uncon-
trolled 'power of the FBI, espe-
cially in its attempts to mond-
tor groups which seek social,
? economic and political chsnge.
' While most of the partici-
apnts did not question the movements for change. . :tor J. Edgar Koover, was wide
- Fill's ability to combat certain "It can hardly be denied spread,-
types of crime, many ex- that the self censorship which The FBI Conference, Spoil-
pressed their dissatisfaction it (surveillancc by informers) sored by. Princeton's Woodrcr,v
with the bureau's efforts to stimulates
more damag- Wilson school and the Corn-
fight organized crime, protect jug than many expprossed 'rnittca for Public Justiee,
civil rights workers, infiltrate tutory or administrative me- end Saturday,
protest- groups and promote straints."
the FI31's image as a vigilant_ Former FBI agent Robert
'and ineorruptable investiga- Wall supported. Donner's
live agency. charges. Wall said he resigned
William Turner, a former from the Washington bureau
FBI agent asked to resign in in 1970 because he became. cis-
1951, charged that. he knew of gusted by. the FBI's surveil-
several im,innees in which FBI lance activities. "Anyone who
agents had forged cheeks, sto- would say something against
Jen properly, been involved in the Vietnam war had to be
drunken driving accidents and watched and watched closely..
otherwise acted outside the The chilling ,effect was very
law. Turner said that none of real," he said, -
these agents was charged be- Donner concluded that
cause it it sure-au policy to "thoughlul fancriCans must
persuade local law enforce- begin to ask themselves
ment officials to drop charges. -whether 'national security' ...
A Turner said that the FBI really requires that .we
cor-
as been so unsuccessful in its rupt and bribe our youths,.
qteropts to- uncover foreign blacks, professors, students
?t:spionage agents working ho and others_ to betray friends
tile United Mates that the CIA and associates; whether there
eAas been forced to, set: up its is no other way to defend
own bureaus around the e01111- ourselves. . . than to institu-
try. tionalize the surveillance of
Pro!. Thomas T. Emerson of non-violent protest activity." - -
Yale low school, charged that The participants in the con-
the FBI regularly violates the fercnce questioned whether
First and Fourth amendments all surveillance ? should he
.1,,,,ory,
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of the constitution. Emerson ended, or oily that concerned
said that wiretaps, bugging with political dissent. There
and the use of Informers tend was a strong- feeling, ex-
to limit freedom of speech and ?pressed by john Doar, for-
violate the Fourth Amend- mer assistant attorney general
limit's protection from illegal for civil rights during the
Kennedy administration, that
the use of informants was
necessary in protecting civil
-searches and seizures.
Emerson said that the FBI's
"political warfare against dis-
sident groups raises the rights workers and combatting.
spectre of a police state." The organized crime.
Yale law professor said the
only remedy for current FBI
practice is the creation of a
public board of overseers and
an ombudsman, to protect the
public from arbitrary FBI
practices, such as the inclu-
sion of persons' names in
The use of wiretaps and elec-
tronic surveillance Was the sub-
ject of another paper, pre-
pared by Victor -N?vasky, au-
thor of "Kennedy justice,"
and Nathan Be\vin,
ton attorney.
Navasky charged that there
has been history of deceit
practices, sueba A the inclu- ambivalence and confusion
sion of persons' narnes nin within the government con-
FBI dossiers. ? corning, bugs and taps." he
Prof. Frank Donner, also of said the. use of "suicide
Yale law school, said political taps," illegal wiretaps by FBI
informers used by the FBI are agents to obtain inform Mon
Intended as a restraint On without authorization from el-
free expression, as a curb on (her Vic courts or tEl Direc-
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NATIONAL. /IF TAIT:ZS
THE
Hoover Under Fire
: In 47 years as bead of the Federal
Bureau of Investigation, J. Edgar Hoover
has always had two things going for. him:
absolute loyalty at the highest. echelons
of the bureau and unswerving support
from each incumbent Administration. But
in the wake of a long run of embarrass-
ments to the bureau (NEWSWEEK, May
10), the unexpected retirement earlier
this month of William C. Sullivan?the
third top-ranking official to depart in less
Brown: ,Alanhattan
shoot-out
than two years?has triggered a new
round of attacks on the crusty, 76-year-
old G-man. There. are signs that some of
Hoover's closest lieutenants arc among
:the critics?and that the disaffection may
have spread to the White House itself.
The main thrust of the fresh objections
is that Hoover, ever sensitive to criticism
,.of - any kind, has increasingly isolated
the F131 from other agencies of govern-
ment and that the bureau's performance
has consequently deteriorated?particu-
larly in a field in which it once was
justly famons, counter-espionage.
To be sure, an FBI man still sits in on
the weekly meetings of the United States
Intelligence Board, along with represent-
atives from the CIA and the Penta-
gon's -intelligence-gathering agencies. But
Hoover has eliminated the special FBI
teams that once handled liaison with oth-
er agencies of gavel-nil-lent. And he has
ended the informal man-to-man. byplay
that once existed between FBI agents
and their counterparts in other govern-
mental agencies?including the CIA. Now
C-men may consult other government
officials on a case only in writing, through
channels, and they must include an ac-
count of the contact in their reports.
? When the agents themselves argued
Approved For
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Top G-man Hoover: New critics
against these and other Hoover polie es
they deemed restricting, the chief ?e-
sponded just as ime usually has in the
past?by branding the men insubordina -e,
and pressuring them into retirement. The
first 10 go was the FBI's chief liaison offi-
cer with CIA, a 70-year -Bureau veteran
and onetime professional football player
named Sam Papi eh. Papicli stepped
down last year after an incident involv-
ing alleged disclosures by an FBi agent
to the CIA about the mysterious disap-
pearance of a Czech-born Russian history/
professor at the University of Colorado.
But the sharpest rift involved Sullivan,
another 30-year vet and one of the men
deemed most likely to succeed hoover.
For years, Sullivan had been asking his
chief for more money to fight Soviet-bloc
espionage. For years, Itoover turned him.
down. Finally, Sullivan spoke out public-
ly on to threat as he saw it?infuriating
Hoover and assuring his own professional ?
demise. It came a year later?after
Hoover, word has it, ordered Sullivan's
phone disconnected and the lock on his
office door changed.
The fact is that a small, elite corps of
the FBI's best agents bear responsibili-
ty for all counter-espionage within U.S.
shores. In recent years, however, this
facet of FBI activity has gradually fallen
on . Hoover's list of priorities?despite
the concern of oilier U.S. intelligence of-
ficers, who, like Sullivan, fear that the
Soviet spy threat may be growing. In
part, the neglect may .reflect FBI frus-
tration at State Department interference.
After months of legwork, for example, the
FBI arrested a Russian U.N. translator in
Seattle last February as he was picking
up missile secrets from a U.S. Air Force.
sergeant?but the State Department,
fearing possible danfaue to improVing
U.S.-Soviet relations, had the Russian
deported instead of prosecuted.
Glamorous Figures: The chiefs growing
body of critics, 'however, ,lays primary
blame on Hoover himself?and what they
contend has been his unwarranted pre-
occupation with the New Left and the:
U.S. Communist Party. The slow, often
unrewarding, largely secret work of,
counter-espionage, they add, simply does
not lend itself to the wholesale-arrest
statistics Hoover likes to spread before
Congress to bolster his appropriations re-
quests each year. :
All of which has led some 'Washing-
ton observers to conclude that an effort
is finally under way within the Adminis-
tration to force Mr. Nixon to ask his old
friend to step down. Hoover's own lines
are still open to the President; he chats
vith Attorney General John Mitchell
lmost daily on the phone. And the
id crime fighter?a past master at pro-
ecting his bureaucratic flanks?shows no
igta of caving in under the current
?gessure. As one senior military intelli-
CMC officer told NawswEEK's Nicholas
iorrock "I-louver understands that the
R0011499Q60QPiHure whoever's on
our side is more important than those
,ho are ranged against you."
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' 11 '
r e File on J. Eoiciar Hoover ?
Out of our way to cooperate. That
would mean sharing the so-called gjo-
'
? ?. - , ry. It's an infantile view of things."
UNDER J. Edgar Hoover's dictatorial, fossor named Thomas Rilia. The FBI j ? In recent months, Hoover has
47-year rule, the Federal Bureau had refused to give the president of
of Investigation has- in the past been the university any assurance that the dis-
widely regarded as one of the finest law- appearance, did not involve foul play,
enforcement agencies in the world, but an nil, agent, acting on his own,
.Yet now the 76-year-old director's fief- told a CIA, employee that it did not.
dom shows evidence of crumbling, large- The CIA man passed on the message
ly because of his own mistakes. The ?no foul play?to the president, who
:.FBI's spirit is sapped, its morale low, then let it . slip to the press. Hoover
'its initiative stifled. For the first time, was furious,. Because of that fairly ob-
there are doubts within the bureau scure - incident, he has limited most.
and within the Administration about FBI contacts with the CIA since then
the FBI's ability to serve as an ef- to written and telephone messages and.
:fective agency against subversion. An occasional direct meetings that he spe-
. experienced former CIA agent, until re- cifically approves. .
:cent!), an open admirer of the di- Sharing the Glory. Ciien the corn-
-rector, remarks unhappily: 'Hoover, plexity of ,most espionage cases, co-
:because of his personal pride, has se- ordination ,between the two agencies
Jiously affected the : efficient operation is often crucial. Men from the FBI
of American intelligence. And personal and CIA continued, on rare occasions,
.pride in a? matter of national security to circumvent Hoover's directive by
PETERS-DAYTON DAILY NEWS
has no place. If a guy does that, he meeting privately, without his know]-
is a real liability." edge. CIA men complained . that Hoo-
- For months a feud between Hoover - %TY'S action effectively cut off the
and one of his most senior assistants international from the national intel-
has shaken the higher levels of the bu- ligence effort. One former CIA agent ar-
reati. In the midst of a bureaucratic gues that Hoover, finding himself under
war -of memos, some FBI men have re- heavy attack, believes that he is safer
Signed to escape the crossfire. Said making fewer moves and allowing
one Justice Department official who fewer initiatives so that there is less pos-
has followed the battle: "Hoover is .flail- sibility of a damaging mistake.
,ing out in all directions. Everybody in Last July, Hoover increased his ba-
the FBI is looking for cover." Even reau's isolation by abolishing the seven-
more significant is the pattern of dam- man FBI section that maintained con-
aging isolation in which Hoover has. tact with other U.S. intelligence units
placed the bureau. A year and a half ?includinc,.. the Defense Intelligence
. ago, he ordered the FBI to break off di- Agency and the individual armed ser-
,\
.rect daily liaison with the Central In- vices' intelligence networks. Some ob-
. telligence Agency, raising apprehension servers, speculated that Hoover took
. in the intelligence community about ef- the action to prove that he was not dis-
fective counterespionage in the U.S. ? criminating against the CIA, that all
Hoover gave those orders in irritation major contacts could be handled by tele- ade ago over his non-Hooverian con-
over a minor piece of information phone and mail. In fact, Hoover has tention that the Ku Klux Klan rep-
that was relayed by an Fin agent in Den- never been eager to exchange in- res'enteci a .greater threat than the
ver to a CIA emplApproveld1PofiReleaste12006/01403tbcelitUREIR10-0113601R001 4000 NON -3, arfy. Since 1967,
case involved the disappearance of a cies and police departments. Says a they have been at odds about espi-
? Czech-born University of colorido pro-_ former .I 7B1 official: "We've never gone onage restrictions, ordered by Hoover,
dl is
played a certain vindictiveness in more
minor matters. Angered by a TWA pi-
lot's criticism of an FBI attempt to pie-
vent a skyjacking. Hoover first tried
to have the pilot fired, then ordered
his agents not to fly on TWA any
more. Hoover also concluded that the
Xerox Corp. was not cooperating suf-
ficiently in an investigation ? of the
theft of documents from an FBI office
in Media, Pa. The FBI learned that cop-
ies of the documents distributed to news-
papers were made on Xerox machines,
and Xerox executives, in Hoover's judg,.
ment, did not disclose .enough about cus-
tomers who used the Xerox machines.
He proposed replacing all of the FBI
Xerox machines with IBM equipment,
and was dissuaded only when told it
would cost millions.
Ironic Tangle. Seven months before
Hoover passed the mandatory retirement
age of 70 in 1965, Lyndon Johnson ex-
tended his tenure indefinitely. Nixon
has been as reluctant as past Presidents
to face the political outcry that might
follow the repudiation of a legend. A
tangle of political ironies surrounds
the director's present relations with
the Nixon Administration. The President
and Attorney General John Mitchell
have been hopinp, for months to ease
Hoover out with great ceremony and
public thanks for his long, remarkable
career.
The AdMinistration has grown in-
creasingly disenchanted with Hoover's-
performance, believing that the FBI
was doing too' little in intelligence
against Soviet agents and against do-
mestic radicals. Yet last spring, when
Democrats in Congress led an attack
against the FBI for the opposite reason
?what they saw. as an Overzealous ex-
pansion of intelligence investigations
?the Administration was forced to
defend Hoover and postpone his re-
tirement. There are those who believe
that Hoover deliberately embroils him-
self in political controversies precisely
because they serve to prolong his ten-
ure. At least one highly ranked Jus-
tice Department official has urged re-
porters not to write stories critical of
Hoover, so that the FBI director can.
be decorously removed. -
Bog Jobs. Hoover's feud with Wil-
liam C. Sullivan, the former No. 3
man at the bureau, is a measure of
the Administration's dilemma.' At 59,
Sullivan is a 30-year veteran of the bu-
reau with an impressive reputation
among intelligence officers here and
abroad.
Although long a favorite of Hoover's,
Sullivan quarreled with his boss a dee-
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STTINTL
REDWOOD CITY, CAL.
TRIBUI\IF
OCT 18 271
E ? 21,923
Are We
10 Spy-Catc
If the Central Intellicience Agency
obtains some evidence of ginellic
, s,pying, stuff too sensitive to relay by
telephone, is it really unable to deliver
, the facts in a face-to-face contact with
the, Federal Bureau of Investigation?
,If so, America's intelligence commu-
nity isn't working as well as the na-
tional security requires, and the Presi-
dent should look into it and straighten
it out.
"Leading" but unidentified. mem-
bers of the U.S. intelligence commu-
nity have made the charge through
the. press. They say the CIA? could
only mail the hot tips to the FBI, or
get FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover's
express consent for a special agent-to-
agent meeting. They claim Hoover or-
dered the break in direct liaison 11/2
years ago after growing piqued at the
CIA in a furor about a leak from an
field office.
-
? - -
1
UCe0
!no by vAc
-150
More than a year ago, Hoover abol-
ished a seven-man FBI section that
kept contact with a dozen important
federal agencies, including five mili-
tary intelligence units, customs and
immigration. That liaison, too, now is
done by phone or correspondence.
Our concern goes not so much to
assessing blame as to the continuing
impediment in intelligence machinery.
With the British exposing Soviet spies
in lots of 100, and with sophisticated
equipment and computers making
time of the essence, can America al- ,
ford to wait for mail deliveries to nab ,
spies?
If effective 'liaison does not exist,1
the President should do some head
-
knocking or some housecleaning. Bu-
reaucratic strife, whoever is involved,
must not be allowed to imperil the ".
national security.
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MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.
TRIl3UN4
OCT 1 5 1912
- 240,275
S ? 674,302
?'HOONCrti
A
k.-;7 ti vs, ',if 4r, Lit'q
fi p
?
'For all of J. Edgar Hoover's much-
vaunted anti-communism, he has ap-
parently broken off relations between
Jis Federal Bureau of Investigation
(FBI) and the Central Intelligence
-h .
Agency (CIA). And the reason, ac-
cording to intelligence officials in
!Washington, is little more than
? ;Hoover's vanity: The 76-year-old di-
rector was piqued over the CIA's re-
fusal to divulge the name of an FBI
.agent who disclosed information to
the CIA about the disappearance of
a Czech-born University of Colorado
professor in 1969.
'These same officials are concerned
over what's happened, as a result of
Hoover's irritation, to the govern-
ment's ability to control foreign es-
pionage in this country. The British
recently discovered the extent of So-
viet espionage in their country, and
surveys of embassy and foreign-of-
fice officials in other nations indicate
that the picture is much the same
there.. It is no less so in the United
- States ---- yet, in the last three, years,
,there have been .only four, instances?,
in which the exposure of foreign es-
pionage agents in this country has
come to public attention.
?
So long as the world's powers are
involved in espionage activities, pru-
. ence dictates that it's wise for goV-
STATINTL
400060001-3
ernments to know what's going on
within their own borders. Hoover, in
fact, has drummed that notion into
the American consciousness ! with
great success, and his reputation and
position are based in large measure
on his success in convincing the pub-
lic. of the need for FBI protection
against Communist espionage or sub-
versive activities.
But Washington's intelligence com-
munity is now questioning how good
the FBI's protection is. The CIA is
'forbidden by law to operate as an
intelligence agency within the United
States, but it picks up information
elsewhere in the world that the FBI
had been able to use. The break-off
of the liaison between the two agen-
cies, intelligence officials contend,
has left a gap that foreign agents
may be able to exploit.
It's.ironic:that Hoover is allowii.pg the
FBI to become less effective in.eoun-
ter-espionage work because of his in-
jured pride. That he is, however, is
another indication that he's come to
run the FBI as a personal fiefdem,
placing his own reputation ahead of
the agency's responsibilities. It's also
another -reason why President Nixon
should give Hoover the honorable re-
tirement he's long-since earned, and
should place the FBI in new hands.?
,
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STATINTL
+.0.11B
SAN FnANCI8CO3 CAL,
CHRONIp0LE
480,235
Iron-Comirnimicating
? THE SITUATION OF UNWILLING communi-
ration between the FBI and the CIA, as reported
by the New York Times, is:6.61)1=15re. It is par-
ticularly unfortunate if it results from a personal
miff and affront felt by Director J. Edgar Hoover.
it is simply unacceptable that bruised feelings,
however justified they might be, should be carried
? so far .as to .defeat the clear interest of the gov-
ernment in having unhesitating and Co-ordinated
intelligence from these two agencies.
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MODESTO, CAL.
BEE
E -
45,178
47,770
Cnn
."
tt k, 41,
1:4
?
STATINTL
. . ?
DIRECTQR --: J. Edgar Hoover, the
'
director of the Federal Bureau of Inves-
, ligation, has held his job for 46' years and
served the nation well by building the
'bureau into a first rate crime detection
; organization. .
,Recent news stories, however, suggest
:his balance and judgment no longer are
',. sufficient for the demands of his job.
. , The New York Times On Monday re-
:. ,vealed that a year and 0. half ago Hector
'had the FBI bheak !off direct liaison with
I ?the Central Intelligence Ageicy in a fit
% of pique because the CIA would riot die-
/close the name of an FBI agent who had
? given the c1.1%,.corc.:,?, confidential hitocroa-
'7K
!'. GO Ii* ?
: Long known. as a strong-vdped direc-
tor, Hoover ordered all contact between
the two vital security agencies limited to
:mall, telephone and infrequek spee.iul
.,? ..
,
-
'C --r. F. r:r.fcf .? r
y L.__ LI
meetings. This ended the role of Sarni iminity are !concerned' about! the!gOvern.-!
Papleh, the FBI agent, who had full time nvent's ability .to control foreign espio.:
responsibility for maintaining elose con- nage ander these difficult circumstances,.
tact with the CIA. accord74:., uti the Times. There 110W is
.feoling arnong the government's top
The. FBI director was warned. by Pap-
telligence officials that the situation has
ich that communicatiotis with the CIA by
mail woulcrI hd an impossible arrange- ; become so acute that Hoover should be
deposed and some of these intelligenci:;
ment that might. leave a dangerous gap .
leaders are malting their views known;
which enemy agents would try to exploit.
Papich pointed out that the complexity of for the first time.
the intelligence work, along with the
speed of ;travel ana' communication,
ARBITRARY_ ? The Timc.,:s says the!
made it essemtial there be direct links criticism of Hoover, who is no'w fi3, cen-1
between tlic? bureau at.,,d more than a tcrs on his "insecurity and amthoriturian-1
dozen CIA officials every day. - ism." He makes arbitrary decisions such.
-------? as the one to end the liaison with the CIA,
OTHERS, --- Your months later, ac- and other intelligence agencies in mo?
cording to ;the Times, Bcover also abol- merits of anger and then sticks to them
ished the seven man FBI section which with dogged stubbornness, regalcilum of
handled liaison With other government any adverse COil3eCIUC'tja's? . ' ?
1 olfices., including the Defense Intelii- The retirement, under pressl.ke, of Wil-:
.1,zence Agency, Inc Office of Naval Intollf: ham C. Sullivarl, 59, a 3:3-year H.Bf veter?
.gence, Army Intelligence, Air Force! In- an .who at one time was Ifoovei's heir;(
- telligenca and the State Department. apparent, created another fe.-;:or in Octcr ;
: The 1 inrs reported ilbover said the: her. Hoover was said to have b-sen made!
iwork bi tii:s. section could be pre.perly furious by Sullivan's efforts to modernizei
I handled lt,y telephme and .cotTesm- the FBI and direct more of as siorts to-.1
i
[ dence, 'this, migh be amusing, if an auto- ward fighting organized crime.
cratic it.si.n.."?--s e.7eCil,ti.VED issued such an There is a personal tragedy itni.oved in;
[ obviously fo?Dlish order while running, an Hoover's. present problem. Be deserves;
runimport.nrt business enterprise, but great praise for the loyal devotion be has;
l. Hoover's atbitrary edict is affecting the given to his task. The.re is no doubt he;
roost sea: it)ve areas cif national security, has made an invaluable contribution to -
' To get around the damaging effect of the nation. The tragedy is that . he' is:
I
Hoover's order, officials of the FBI and hanging On to his job when lie no longet i
stli,
CIA have held private meetings, un: is capable of -doing the job.
known ' to Hoover, at - which .they ex,, It has reached the point his friend::
'hanged information, but this is a hell of should say "retire." If this does not lin'.
Ivy to run an intelligence se vice pen, th,,,n it is thne for President TI.Vt?
i,-1.'Lligh
Ott dais of the intelligence co! - aid Ni o' to ask for his resig7tation.i. -
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1
DLNV1.;ii, COLO,
? POST /Om IkpieTritfor Release 2006/01/03S1MFIKLP80-016
E 252,108
01R001400060001-3
? -'.:73 .; . //,-;:-ZI. 11
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t, .:\ .*.'-'..Z.'. L ? H'..?::.,-3. \,-.:.-_-__ ,,,...- r., .., 1 , . _.. __, . _ . . ,. ... '''''''' i I 1 ' 1 i ' I i.t ?,.?.?-,-, ,,,j 1., i _?.? ,.. ?i
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.., i7:-)01-.--j ? . -- '
.. ... . .
! i il . . i'l .,.-- ",?--4 !. t /.), \i",,, FT A m . .
1 % -^ A - ' l ' if V / (---.).) [ i''''.."'f, 1 fr?:,` :', , ?--, \ (.,'' 15 i ,) A -??A A, -. ?A.;/ ) ) ! ''Z...`:A -?- - ?
'C-LI,J ',...ILL?.::1 _ .,..?i . l.., .' u (:;.:-::.. j /.,,- --..j-7..t: \ i ?,'. -'..),.\'..4 0, .! i .., ,! {
nelini,),:c.,11.3113,T,0zr,1 ..,(:!.1!.71-F,f1..,.\:1.13y '+.1,1':vr ', flf igeeel: I: 8 in i 1:ilgle0 3)-1-3),ii: 03.,?neir:70.1is'.. of (Ril-,;.1) 'aiii.ii iii.;,.: -iitl.i.-f.:-A-14rabli.!'iie--trged'iiih?E'l'is' t-u',11ie,?'tOa. check
'.- a ny-,istervaily,u1 al this " . for a charter flight. At the time.
' Dr. Joserth R. S miley, form nploy
er C/A eie in Deaver. VhC " - - ' ' of h.er death she was .involved:
sif
"..
Rita, then 40, disappeared presidat of the Iiiiivery of : CIA then sugttested that the jil COUrt pioceedings hi connec- '
..;?-. March lii, 19t39, from CU, where
; Colorado, decqined CCUITterit? Fiji tell SmileY, and- ?`,.1.1cIl ?,?tt , tion with her zdit-Ted conversion.
. . Moruk";y Oil a report that the.F.DI refused, the 'CIA went '1,ervia8. an assacialse Pr?'r-es,s" of some of Eiha's property to
.? C e it t r a I hiellif:.;ence Agency- ahead. ,filid informed Srniley, iN. laISSI an hist?1.3''' 'Ail `Ic(1-11a'111.- ha own use. ' ?
ince of the professor, Mrs;
(CIA) provided asSUralICC'S of ' piralging hijn to soccea). lalya Tnimenbaum, committa` - -- - ? i''''.? ''...--- -
Itid?safety of Prof. Thomas A CIA -.,}-ir.illesrnan in Washing- suicide by Cyanide poisonin
' Rilia s;hortly after he vanished ton deelined coinnient Monday last March_ at Colorado Slat(
, from the University of Colorado on the reported rift between the Hospital. Before she died, shc
' ribOut 1,- years ago. CIA and the FBI. repete.dly said Riha had "just
; ? Smiley, now president of the sl--.:ars Dr07-_,:D made it to Russia" after lea',
' Univk-rsity of Texas at El Paso, Other Washington sources, ing Boulder. - ? ?
recallt,d that while he was pres- however, insisted there, Mns Mrs. Tannenbaum had beer
?Mont of Cid, he bad contacted bec,i no disruption of any kind committed to the hospital aftat
"relial-ile sources in Washing- in the direet liai.,on between the being found legally insane or.
... _
ton" in April 11.0 and ha .d t:.?.-o ay,encics. rj-.11c CiA i'.4 111.3 the July l069 date she allegedi3.
received the assurance that ' FBI, this source said, "con- .. .
llilia was "alive and well" at ' stantly haVe communication by
that time. . 'telephone, letter and (weekly)
Bat a FebruallY 1970. hives-Oneetings of th2 U. S. In- i
ligation by the Denver Districtlelligence Board, as well as in
attorney's office indicated there :conversations ? \vim 'oho an_
was "no substantial his in I. ether."
fact" for Smiley's public state-
inept about Riba's safety.
Also in February 1070, the
Boulder Police. Department said
that its earlier "alive-and-well"
report on Riha Vi2S based on "a
misunderstanding." Similar re-
ports of Piha's safety issued by
the Denver 'Police Department
were based on Boulder police
Lsources. .... _ dispatch as denvinc, any break
I. -A New York Times 'dispatch in direct F.B1-CIA liaison -a year
'Sunday said that the Federal and a half ago. "The FBI," the
-
Bureau. of investigation (FBI) spokesman was quoted, "has
j-broke off direct liaispn with the always maintained liaison with
'CIA a year and 'a. half ago the CIA, and it is very close
.because the CIA wouldn't tell J. and effective liaison."
.Edgar -Iitoover who had leaked The dispatch .said that as a
.information about Rilra's disap- result of tile alleged break in li-
pearanee to the CIA,. which aison, high officials of the in-
:then passed on the infOrmation teligence community were con-
lo SMiley.? ?
, corned about-the government's
? ? The dispatch said the -FBI1 it
a o__y i _o control foreign espio-
learned that there had been nf. nage in this country.
:foul play, and that Itilia had
...chosen to leave Boulder for per-
..conal reasons. .
.. According to well-informed
-.sources, the _dispatch said, an
The board was described was
the lson instrument between
members of the intelligence
community. Members of the
beard include the FBI, CIA,
National Security Agency, State
Departine?t and Ti. S. Atomic
Energy Coininission.
Au Fin spokesman was quot-
ed in the New York Tipaes.
`STILL CCNCEBN.-:';',y),
In a telephone conversation
from Ed Paso Monday, Smileyl
'told The Denver Posh, "I'm still
'concerned 0,o;tt, the professor'
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STATINTL
if, 0
0 .1.
xp.733;
10 OCT 19/1
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1400060001-3
STATI NTL
----. . w
is said to be favored, for a is restricted by law from oper-
... .
. .. ..
varietY of reasons, hY seve, as an irLtelligenee agency
'fr
T.he em
C
prominent members of the Ao.- 31 thi s count r y.
-.
?
1/2 I/cannag agen s
0 States' laver -.come to pubac tied basis to and the
?
?
1-/..!.t-
-,.
---?'
t-.
,
? 0 r
?5-fiv
74
1.1-
0z-1
01\
ministration. But - so far there ploye in Denver .was involved
is rib sign that he has lost the in reel:tail-1v.)
backing of the one person who
The agency then suggested
counts,----Preside.nt Nixon. that the F.B.I. tell Dr. Smiley,
?four-
about
? Only
cases involving Nvho was very concerned
' the :eXposure .of foreign espio- 14r. Riba's disappearance, what
/11-3Z,V3r. MOV3 (21.-faxpel
-Cacisc,'s C.:OniC01'13. Araote.p,.
0 if qls About Cc-4.44g
? i 6 t in ? the UnIt d 1 ad happened on a confiden-
I n'.elligenec
With Spies
By R03Ela hi. SMITH
. ? Sac 0.1 to The Neyi Thitcs
WASHINGTON, Oct. S----The
Federal Dureau of Investigation
broke off direct liaisoir with the
Central Intelligence Agency a
year -and a ?half ago b6cause
the 'C.I.A.' would not J
for the CIA, could not be
reached today. -.
The. suspension of direct con-
tact is one of the factors
prompting leading members of
the intelligence community to
Edgar Hoover who had leaked?feel that. Mr. Hoover must be
information from his organiza- deposed as Director- of the
tion,. according to authoritative F.B.I. The feelings of these
sources. ' ? . - . officials- run so high that some
. As a. result, highofficials of of them have dropped - their
the' intelligence community are customary secrecy to make
concerned about the Govern_ their views known. Others re-
ment's ability to' control foreign main silent because they fear
espionage in this country. Their public criticism might boom-
apprehension - has .been in_ erang;, reinforcing Mr. Hoover's
creased by the recent British desire to continue in his post
discovery of extensive SoViet and evoking public support for
operations. him. .
? - Reputation a Factor
' To offset some of the danger, - ' " '
officials of the F.B.I. and the Adding to the anxiety and
C.I.A. have held private meet. anger of members of the intel-
ings, unknown to Mr. Hoover, ligence community is Mr.
at which they exchanged infor-
mation. Authorized communica-
tion is limited to mail, telephone ProfesSor's safety "by what I Director of the C.I.A., Richard-
and infrequent special meetings. consider reliable sources" in Ilehns, accepted his man's posi-
tion and refused to force him
17. B. I. Spokesman's Stt-:-Lc. era Washington.
"I repeat my real regret that to divulge the FAIL man's
- Asked if it was true that the I can't go beyond what I have identity.
Irritated, Mr. Hoover broke
bureau broke- direct liaison said," he told. The New York.
off all direct liaison with the
With the ' U.I.A. more than a reMain as long as he can at. ' J- mar 1970. "A confidence.
Times in a telephone interview
year ago, an F.B.I. spokesman the post he has held for 4-61,is a confidence."
attention in the last three years. community s fears. Ilia htheaa
Two of the- cases involved the r fedd .
expulsion .of Soviet agents; an- After the refusal, the C.T.A.
STATI NTL
other.. involved . two Cuban. went ahead and told Dr. Smiley,
diplomats at the United Na- pledging bira to secrecy. Ac-
tions and 21 South African girl, cording to reliable sources,. Dr. .
and the fourth dealt with a Smiley later inadvettently let
Swiss Government official.. it get out that there had been
The story of the severance o-f 110 foul play. The question
F.B.1.-C.I.A: liaison begins with arose at F.B.I. headquarters in
the . disappearance of Prof: lashi?gton: How had the pres-
Thomas Pao. in March, 19(39-Yident of the university obtained
Mr. 'Itilya ? was ." a -Czech-born this information? ,
associate professor . of modern The bureau office in Denver
Russian history at the Universi- told headquarters that it had
ty of Colorado. ': .. a ' - not given the information to
The 40-year-old professor left- anyone. It eventually was
the' university abruptly, apPar- learned here, however, that an
ently took nothing with him individual F.B.I. man had, told
and left a mysterious trail. He the story to a C.I.A. man. For
disappeared from .the oal-nPus Mr. Hoover, the question then
so suddenly that, though nor-, became: Which of my men gave
Malty a neat- and precise man, out this information? He asked
he left papers scattered on his the C.I.A. - ?
university desk where he had The C.I.A.. man in Denver
been preparing his :income tax was inflexible. Ile told his su-
_ -- .? periors that the information had
return. - -
given hire in confidence ?
Friends and felloW faculty been
members said they feared that and it was a matter of con-
Professor Riha might be dead, science. According to sources,.
der he well knew what would
but police .officials in Bou'
der
Denver and the former happen to any F.B.I.- man. -he.
-tamed?at the least, exile to
president of the university,--Dr.
)
\lontana; at the roost, dismissal.
Joseph R. Smiley, insisted that
The .C.I.A. roan held his
he was alive.
ground under pressure from the
Dr Smiley told the press
Hoover's reputation. In then .
emomatically at the time that bureau, saying any disclosure
view, his personality is alwould be a breach of faith. The
compound insecurity and had been vsured of the
authoritarianism. They fear the
76-year-old Director will do
nothing to repair the break-
down- _in liaison between the
two agencies and will try to
Central Intelligence Agency.'
said today. "It is not true." - .. .
. '
? , Confidential Information ? Until February of last year,
He years.
the F.B.I. man who provided
added, 'The F.B.I. has alwaysl
'
l\-Ir. Hoover's retirement has. What Dr. Smiley, by then the personal link withthe C.I.A.
.- -
maintained liaison with the!been Periodically predicted- and president of the University of was Sam Papich. Mr. Papich
C.I.A., and it is very 'close andt, . . , _ ? -- Texas at El Paso, could not grew -up ? M Montana ? and
effective liaison." Spokesmeni say was that be had, been given worked in mines there before
..... .., -., - .' - . --. . ? ? the information. concerning he attended. Northwestern Urn-
Professor Riha in confidence. by versity. He played professional.
an employe of the C.I.A. ? football, then Went to work for
ked in Latin
? v. professor's Czech origin. It AmeriCa for a while for the
been foreign interiek net..
F.B.I. learned that there had
been no foul play, that thz pro-
fessor had chosen to leave. for
personal reasons. -
According to well informed
sources, an individual age.nt in
the F.B.L's large. Denver office,
The agency was interested in the F.B.I.
/ ? . . the Riha case because of the Mr. Papich la or
special assignments. He later
? ' - nted to know if there had bureau and handled several
became the liaison officer be
. . via ,
'A ? 4---.af
. .
?
tween.the bureau and the C.I.A.
His reputation v.ras that of an
r ? honest and sincere roan with
high professional competencei
and an insatiable -ii-apetite for;
work. Most importantly, in an
acting on his own, told a C.I.A. area potentially fraught with
employe in Denver. (The C.I.A. jealousy, intrigue and deceit.'
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STATIIITL
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--1 001' 1971 .
1{17 YI
kcie
; From time to time the, question is asked why
rnewspapers'never seem to get anything right and
One answer, of course, is that we try, but that we
arc only human. Another answer, however?and a
better one----:is that in the complex and delicate in-
terworkings of the press and the government it
takes at least. a little cooperation by the government
If the public is to get .a-yersion of events which can
:properly be sail to be,right. As a case in point, we
:would like, strictly For Your 'Information, to walk
you through a brief case history involving a news
story on hlage We of The Washington Post, on,
Sept. :3, and a subsequent article on this page on.
Sept. 8, both of which asserted that the Federal
PUrCall of Investigation had employed lie detector
(polygraph) tests in an investigation of State De-
partment employees-The original story said three or
four ,officials W.ne interrogated in this fashion as
part. of a government-wide 'inquiry into a leak of,
claSsified infermatic.m having to do with the Ameri-
can position ha the SALT negotiations. Today, in
the letters space on the opposite 'page, F11.I Director
Hoover states categorically that both stories were'.
.'totally and completely untrue" and that "at ?0
time did the FBI use polygraphs, as rtllegod, in its
investigation.". De takes us sharply to task for "this
Inept: handling, of information."
Well, we have looked into the mafler and it is
clear that we were wrong about the FBI's use of
lie detectors, We are pleased to have this oppor-
tunity to express our regrets to Mr. Hoover and to,
? .wt the record straight. But we are net prepared to
leave it at that, if only because the implication of
Mr'. Hoover's sweeping denial ("totally and com-
pletely untrue") is that, the original story was en-
v.Tong?that no polygraphs in fact were used
? upon :scate Department employees and this is
clearly not. the ease. Nor is it quite so certain whose
handling of this information was "inept." The facts,
are, from all we can rather, that polygliaph :tessts
were administered to State Department officials by
employees, and with equipment belonging to an
outside ageney?presumably the Central Intelli-
gence Agency which has these instruments avail-
?
able for regular use in security checks of its own,
person nel.
s.
, In other words, we had the si,-Tong agency, which:
is an important error and one we would have been
happy to correct immediately, before it had been
compounded in the 'subsequent article. on Sept. 8,
if somebody in the'governinent had chosen to speak
up. But the I'M was silent until Mr. Hoover's letter
arrived 10 days later, and Secretary of State. Rogers.,
who was asked about the story at a press conference:
on Sept. 3 in -a half-dozen different ways, adroitly
avoided a yes-or-no answer every time. That is to
say, he did .not confirm the role of the FBI, but
neither did he deny it; he simply refusecYto discuss
methods,?while upholding the utility of lie-detector
tests in establishing probablcoinneccnce, if not prob-
able guilt. And that-remains the State Department's
position, even in the face of mir. Hoover's denial..
No Clarification, no confirmation, no. comment?
despite the fact that the original story in The Post
had been checked with the State Department and
the role of the FBI had been confirmed by an 'DM-
cial spokesman on those familiar anonymous, not-
for-attribution terms which government officials
resort to when they don't want to take responsibility
publicly for what they say, and which newspaper
reporters yield to when there is no other way to
attribute assertions of faet:.
? The result of this protracted flim-flam was, first
of all, to have the Justice Department and the FBI
falsely accused of administering lie- detectors to
.
officials of another agency, and then, with D,Ir.
Hoover's denial, to leave the impression that no
polygraphs were used at all, and you have to ask
yourself what public interest is served by havht
this sort of misinformation circulating around, gath-
ering credence. It is not an -uncommon practice, of
course, for the government, when it is confronted
in print with an embarrassing and not altogether
accurate news story, to clam up completely .rather
than help straighten ,out inaccuracies-- especially
when clarification 37Lkti confirmation of that part of
the story which is accurate.,But,ii is not a practice
that does much to further public knowledge. And
still less does it help the newspapers get things
right. ,
Approved For Release 2006/01/03 : CIA-RDP80-01601R001400060001-3
Approved For Rele-asnOOM
ev
1114nt7
Cab
,?
13y Crocker Snow Jr.
Globe Staff
The written report of a confiden-
jtial discussion about Central Intelli-
gence Agency .operations held in
1963, a year after the public contro-
versy over agency involvement with
the National Student Assn., shows,
the CIA was anxious to establish new
contnots with other student groups,
foundations, .universities, labor_ orga-
nizations and corporations for its
it3,7erseas wbik.
. ?
. ,
The discussion was held in Janu-
ary I 9.63 among ra.nking government
'officials and 'former officials, includ-
c.. ing several former CIA officers,
under the auspices of the Council on
Foreign P,elations in New York. -
? -
Though no direct quotes are at-
tributed in the report, the ? opihion
- was stated by the discussion leader,
V 'Richard M. Bissell Jr., formerly a
deputy director of the CIA, that: "If
the agney is to he effective, it will
have to make use of private institu-
tions on, an expanding scale, though
these relations which have 'blown'
? cannot be 'resurrected." ' .
The discussion also referred .to the
continued utility of labor groups and
American corporations to CIA opera-
tions. No such groups or corporations
. . .
-are named.
?
? ?
? The ? written report, like Others
sponsored by the council, is consid-
ered by the participants as "confi-
dential" and "completely off the rec-
ord."
? ,.:
/ The 'document is being circulated
. .
by the Africa Research Group, ?o.
9A-RDP80-01601R0
. The document reflects
individual. assessments of
the' CIA by th'o.se present.
The report includes a num-
ber of general statements:
?The two elements of
CIA activity, "intelligence
collection" and "covert ac-
tion" (or "in(ervention")
are not separated within
the agency but arc consid-
ered to "overlap and inter:-
act." ,
? --The focus of classical
espionage in Europe and
other developed parts of
the world had shifted
"toward targets in the un-
derdeveloped world."
--Due to the clear juris-
dictional boundary be-
tween the CIA and FBI, thu
intelligence agency was
"adverse to surveillance of
US citizens overseas (even
when specifically request..
ed) and adverse to operat?
ing against targets in the
United States, except for-
eigncrs here as transients."
--The acquisition of a
secre,t speech by Soviet
Premier Nikita ? Khrush-
?chev in February: 1956 was
a classic example of the po-
litical use Of secretly ac-
quired intelligence. The
State Department released
the text which, 'according
to one participant, prompt-
ed "the beginnin?.., of the
split in the Communist
movement." since this
speech had been Specifical-
ly targeted before ac-
quired, the results meant to
this participant that "if ;von
get a p:ecise target and go
after it,' you ,can change
history." ..
loy es-
tablishing personal rela-
tionships with _individuals
rather than simply hiring
them, was regarded as
especially useful in the un-
derdeveloped ?world. The
small, radically oriented.organization statement is made that
headquartered in CambrIdge,Y=ca7se "covert - intervention - (in
"it offers a .still-relevant primer on
the underdeveloped world)
the theory and practice of CIA ma- -;
is usually designed to oper-
ate on the 'internal power
balance, often with g fairly
Shwit-term objective."
?The reconnaissance of ? for South Vietnain at -,?? di- CIA 4 ; 7
do v. ,nc, ,,, ac,o.n-
Portions of the document
are scheduled to appear.
today in the "University ?
Reviev.7," a New .5fk,r1;
-Approved ForlRekaisec12006101/03rDIGIA-RDP80-01601R0014000 0 1 -
'based monthly.
during the '50s '?
provided "limitt
but dramatic re:
flights were lab
of the cancel'
scheduled sumr
between Presic'
bower and
after Francis G
was shot down
sin.)
"After five d
flights were
from the Ru;
these operation
highly secret' in
States, and with
son," reads the
these overflight
;leaked' to thc
Press, the U
'have been forc
action." .
The fleeting,
was not to eons:
CIA missions so
characterize gc
cepts and procc
discussion was I
of a council sit:
"Intelligence a;
Policy."
The chairnu,
meeting was
Dillon, an i n v
STATINTL
D1400060001-3
STATINTL
hanker who - rte i?vvctticnniti-- -
Washington. as underscore- the statement that "it is
tary of State and Secretary notably true -.of the subs:-
of the Treasury in the Nen- -dies to student, labor and
nedy Adm in is tration. Cultural groups that have.
Twenty persons were recently- been publicized
listed as -attending inched- that the agoncy'S objective
ing prominent former ?Ili- was never to control their
cials and educators -like :octivities, only occasionally
Harry Howe Ransoni ?ollito point them in a particu-
Vanderbilt University: and lar direction, but primarily
David B. Truman, presi- to enlarge them and render
dent of Mt. Holyoke Col- them more effective."
lege.
.
An an article in the Sat-
The list 'included Allen V,Irday Evening Post in May
W. Dulles, former. director 1937, Thomas Braden, who
of the CIA, and Robert ?Yad helped set up the sub-
Amory Jr., *who had been' sidies with Dulles, defend-
deputy direetor, as well as ? ed the concept 'as a way to
Bissell, who had been clop- combat the seven major
uty director until shortly front organizations of the
after the Bay of Pigs inva- mmunist world hi which
Sion, in which the CIA wasithe Russians through the
involved. V use? of their international
fronts 11--td stolen the great
The diScussion took place . ?
words such as peace, jus-
just a year atter revela-
tie? and freedom."
Lions by Ramparts Maga-
zine con eernin g CIA- / The report shows that
funded training of agents_ the Publicity had ,not been
0Orrt-,47.ntleer
4'
Approved For Release 2006/01/03 : CIA-RDP80-01601R001400060001-3 STATINTL
HUTCHINSON, KAN.
NEVIS
JUN 23 1071
D ? 50,622
? 51,841
loovez s itii
FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover has
quietly entered into the growing de-
- bate over President Nixon's Red
China policy.
Writing in a veterans' magazine,
Hoover sounds an alarm that "the
shadow" of Red China is .falling
across 'America. He says that "sub-
versive" activities by the Communist
Chinese already are mounting, and
he implies that such activities will
become critical if the present thaw
In relations leads to recognition of
the mainland.
His story has been taken as an
open endorsement; of the forces that
seek to block that recognition, both
by the U.S. and in the UN.
His argument is a right-leaning
marshmallow.
Hoover is well aware that "'sub-
versive activiteS" by foreign gov-
ernments are bound to increase
when they have established a diplo-
matic base. This long has been rec-
ognized as a two-way street, as any
1111111IiJJLJ
raose0.,
CIA agent could inform the FBI dij
rector..
The major accomplishment :of es-
tablishing diplomatic bases is, how-
ever, that it offers a direct line of
communications between heads of
government and can lead to relation-
ships between the peoples of those
governments.
Not recognizing the nation with
the largest population on earth would
be funny if the world was a stage
and governments were its stars.
Since that is not the case, it is az
folly with far more dangers than
laughs.
It is natural to assume- that spying1
activities in the U. S. would increase
somewhat when, or if, Red China is
recognized. That is a major FBI
concern that should and would not
be taken lightly.
But spreading the cold word on the
thaw now is an open political ma-
neuver by Hoover. You'd think he
had been elected to the office he has
held so long.
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DALTII.:0Iff3 1D:p3 A!:::7;111CAll
Approved For ReleaVe 20-08i011tor3-1-: CIA-RDP80-01601R001400060001-3
STATINTL
??
r; ?
'4 4'
, ? /
?
r= ?
? r.
-1 :Ft)
. (11
' tt r
7-Pit fol. 0
?
?? 0 How
extensive is wiretapping, by fed--
oral agencies? Is it a necessary evil or has
it become a threat to American society?
To find out, o',Vashington correspondent
Kelly spent weeks interviewing officials,
FBI agents and former agents and pouring
oyer court records.
HARRY ICELLY
? News Amerienn
. Washil;gton Bureau
WASHINGTON Two block; from the home of
Congress is a three-storY, concrete 10111 flagwith
locked, stezil-slicathcd doors. Unlike the liquor
store on 011.12 sick, and the woman's shop on the
other it carries no signs of advertising. It wears an
air of mystery and intrigue.
Pedestrians walidng on the othe'r side of Penn-
sylvania Avenue, past the big anuses' of the
Library of Congress, can see men Meting behind
the blinds on the ? second and third floors. The
ground floor is almost faceless except for the
closed garage doors.
''I think that building with the garage doors is
the center of FBI wiretapping on capitol hill,'
? says a r)-year-old senator's assistant with
passionate conviction. "I can't prove a damn
. thing, but I know it."
? lip another block, beyond the street-corner ven-
dor sk. en( i lowers, is a small shop: with a
gianI. post ''Jn the v,i,dow bearing the warning
"Shill), Someone is Listening."
? ?
? . ALONG WITH the warning is a bigger-than-life
size picture of FM: Director J. Edgar Hoover with
enormously magnified ears,
Is this.vhat 'President Nixon calls "hysteria"
and Attorney General John Mitchell describes as
"paranoia?" ?
The building which the Senate aide denounces as
A covert FBI wiretap center for eavesdropping 'on
members of: Congress is an FBI installation all
Light.
It isthe crypto-analysis section of the FBI crime
laboratory )vhore everything front horse race
bookie's mysterious 'jottings to the code of the
master Soviet spy Rudolph Ivanovich Abel have
been broken.
Has an unreasonable fear of federal cleetronic
surveillance activities developed -- fueled in part
by Mitchell's own tough talk, disclosures of :sm.-
yeillance, and Democratic leader Hale Boggs'
charge that his telephone been tapped by the FBI?
'
The evidence indicates that federal agencies do
more wiretapping and bugging than they officially
uS .
tr14-;%,
j!.
, admit -- in a trend that Inca increased significantly
? ? but still do not, do as much as many critics fear.
. "Lord, there couldn't possibly be as much elec-
tonic into.rcption as people seem to t! anti these
Is," .says a former official. "There isn't that many
agents to do it or money- around to meniter the
damn tap?; or t;ipes."
ALTI.;OUGH TUE FBI gets practically ail the n the surveillance a dome,tic
wiret;Ip publicity, other fedef.;Il agencies are m loll such as the Epac.1.
x-ofved to a lesser degree in the electronic in-. Panthers, the Weatherman and
terception of conversations, 'including the Secret others 0,-Tmed to LP radicals or
Service, the Bure-au of Narcotic; and Dangerous dangerous.
Drugs., the Customs Bureau ar.l the Internal Re- The justice Department is POW
venue Service. appealing court decisions denying
The Central Intelligence Agency is forbidden by the government has -such a
law to carry on domestic intelligence gathering Wiretai?-ight without court:order.
operatipns, so it turAS most of these missions Over
to the FBI. JUSTWE Department and
Although Attorney General Mitchell has ridieut. the ? FBI have acknowledged in
i
ed the fin-out view of some in Washington who feel court or fl other statements the
every room is bug- ged and that every phone is wire tapping, bugging or
tapped and that the FBI is tapping the CIA, and "overhearing" of the late RCV.
the CIA is tapping the FBI, there is testimony that
the F/3I did tap an official CIA telephone. V/ 11 in Luther King, boxer
Muhammad All, black militant -H.
In W'ashington, the center of FBI wiretapping is Rai, Brown, five of the defendants
in the Chicago seven trial, black
reliably reported to be the FBI's Washington field
office, one block from the Justice Department and panther leader David Ililhard and
Siter Ilizaheth I\IcAlister in the
only throe blocks from the Chesapeake and Po-.
atlezal plot to kidnap presidential
lornac Teluliono.company. .
"In the old daYs," recalls a former agent,- "If 0,V5e1 HcxY 1'-rissinl;01%
you'd ClAck. a critic of wiretapping
tap Who said he rejected all FBI re-
' cluesA to mISC fa;,s in domestic
said he knew of 110
cace 'her Hoo?.-er tried to. go
eroth:d his back to use a tap or
WrIliout his approval.-
'lice !;ity's folklore is full of
stories adding to the shadows
around the practice Of - wiretap-
' Robert Amory, Jr.. said high
officials of the White House show-
ed hint evidence that the FBI %vas
tapping his official telephones
when he was deputy director of
Intelligence for the CIA-from lfi52
through 1962.
Now,, a Washington lawyer;
Amory said he believes the phones
were tapped because ho favored
Red China's admision into the
Unifed Nations in the 15:30s.
He suggested that the tapping
was part of the tugging and ,
hauling between the CIA and FBI
at that- time. ,
At-the start of thg bitter foreign.
policy debate in the Johnson ad-
ministration, a go-between tried to
smooth relations with a high' ad-
ministration official. There meet-
ing splintere.d on disagreement
over a point with the high official
reportedly contending, "we know.
this is true. In this city of ugly
devices we hnow many things."
IS A CONVERSATION on the
general subject of wiretapping an'
, official of the Law Enforcement
'Assistance Administration in the
Justice Depatitt tient suddenly
blurted: "Some pc-epic here think
these phones are tapvd. I say the
- bell with them. Let them listen,"
The official has since left. the
department.
- The debate, with its constitu-
tional and politic:II overtones, ha.s
also developed the brassy ring of
Washington's favorite Lu
i' sport ---- the numbers game.
you? wanted to tap someone's telephone,
climb toe pole otitride his house, hook up the
and they rts: to a car or trucl-:.
at the foot of the pole. Now thene
arc a hell of a lot more wires 'and
cables, and gadgets. Its a lot
more con-Iplicated."
The FBI is u w
:erst.cod to lease
.410 telephone lines that run IYGrn
the telephone compnay to the
Washington ficid.offico and can be
used for lapping hngging;
SOME OF tin:ESE linos, ac-
cording to fonmer Al t Orr.ey
RantseY are used
to tap telephone:i and teletypes of
f,?re-ign missionS and n foreig
worki:Ig for o:her countries. ,
'A telephone com?pany.
spol-;eman s said he "couldn't talk
about that" ? the leased lines ?
and then added 'qUiekly "I'm not
aware alit. If there is such a thing
you'll have to dir...ct that query to
the or the Justice Department
. . we can't, talk any more
about the government's telephone
.?ei?vice than we can Lbout voice.;.''Be acknowledged that when the
FBI presents a :court order for a
wire tap -under- the organized,
Crime act or in a national security
case approved by the attorney
general, the telephone company
personnel will identify the line lot
the FBI hut does not make the at-
,
An FBI spokesman declined to
comment about, any leased wire
ephone linos.
The FBI, and other federal
agencies, have authority to tap
anti ling under 'the r6S omnibus
cnime bill arid iiresider tial orders
in organized educe cases with a
court's approval and in national
security cases.
Most of the dirrent Controv'ersy
has developed- over Mitchell's
claim of the right to use wiretaps-
in the surveillance of: tinniest lo
The average cost of a fARprovednEoriRelease 2006/01/03 : CIA-RDP80-01601R001400060001-3
st yea r" wts- out at.$1.2,10,-..
_
STATINTL
00x1.61::7.1ocl
-
TL.1"4.1I.
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t? JUN -c/1
f". "-re,?
n?
[10r? ? f-1 fl
STATINTL
1R001400060001-3
I IT\ \--; /7 r?
\
.1- - t , ? ? 1
VT::::1 V I t
1
The FBI received 23 threats on the
life of Director J. Edgar Hoover, last year and
,so far this year. That's why the EBI has
four armored cars..
Mr. Hoover disclosed in testimony inadc
public today that both he and Attorney GCMCF-
al John N. Mitchell have used the -5,;27,CC.15 ears
i? getting around New Yoili City and her; In:-
Leics.
ARIVIC1111,711.) CAnS
"The armored vehicles are used for Foic,c-
tiv.6.purposc:s," Mr. Hoover lc:1(1'a closed df2.or
house appropriations subcommittee hearing
MarCh 17.
?
The other two cars are kept in Washington.
The FBI, Mr. Hoover also told the commit-
tee, currently is tapping 47 telephones and has
secretly planned at least six microphones tel
security reasons or to investigate organized
crime. None of them is being used on con-
'pressmen, he said.
"When I listened to the recording of that
speech and read. v.diat Clarc had said in his
bon I was so outraged it caused me to Eflalie
the statement that 1,e,, is a 'jellyfish," Mr. Hoo-
ver said.
"Ile did the sa:w,e thing to me," Rep. Jelin J.
Rooney, D-N.Y., subcor.lniittee chainran said.
"He ((lark) spol--.o at a dinner in my honor at
the Waldorf Astoria in New York and lauded
rile to the As a matter of fact, it was to
me a little sickeninq, he was laying It On no
heavy."
"He was too sirupy," Hoover interjected.
"lie later ?:,,,tf:ac.!;ed me and endorsed my pal-
mary 0.1.:To:-.ult, ignoring everything he had
said just a year or so before that," Mr. ROO^
rv added.
"He did the same thing to me," Iv1r. Iloover
RUES/a still poses the main threat to Ameri-
can secui?ity, Mr. Hoover said and added that
Moscow has encourap::,.d terrorist acts by
,
Be said he "wanted to put the TeCora- domestic protest groups to further its goal of
straight" in the secret testimony. ?overthrow,im.,, the U.S. governmtrfat.
In 39./0 `'new left and black e:tremists
House Democratic Leader Hale Boggs of
stepprid up their 'violent ?.110. terroristic tac-
.Lollisiana charged earlier this year the, FBI
- tics" while "old line communist CC 01105in-
was bli;girq; congressional -telephones. How-
tensific(.1 thr:ir intelligence operade31S, trtrgf:ts
Over, he never produced evidence of his
. against the I.)iited. States," he said. ? -
, charges,
? - "The most serious threat to the security of
DENI,f,..L ? ? our courtr.y. is Soviet Russia and its said-
.
t
' Mr. Hoover cited a ne w lies," 're
spaper article . . . .
(Washington Post) which he said raised "sus- He also v.lainea?that "despite its differences
?!cion that Sc;;. Birch Bayh's (0-Ind.) office with the Soviet Union, Red China continues to
NV RS bugged during the "Judge Clement Hay?- regard "the United States as the common ene-
sw or t I> controversy." Judge Ilaynswerth_'s my of the people of the world and its propa-
nomination to the Supreme Court was rej.:,:cted panda is designed to stimulate disruption of
by the Senate last year, with Sen. Bayk among our society,"
? ? the more vocal Haynsworth opponents. ? He voiced the warnings In snpport of his
"We, of course, never had an electronle cow ? budget request for ,31f3.0 million for 102,
erage.ofinator Bay]; or any ether- senator or which is S44.2 million more than last year and
congressman," Mr. Hoover said. "Further- 7v,-mch along with 514 million he got last month
more, the charge that the FBI has tappr.d CIA \-t in a supplemental appropriation, would allow
phones is absolutely false. At no time in the for 1,075 r,v,y aunts to bring the pm agent
history of FBI has this ever been done. force to 8,853.
?"I would lihe to add, also, we have never Mr. Hoover also announced that the Fl3t.
tapped a telephone of any congressman or any opened six new "foreign liaison posts" (hiring
senator since I have been director of the bit- the past year in Lebanon, Venezuela, Den-
recti," be said. mark, Bolivia, Nicaragua and Israel making a
total of Itsuth posts "to develop and maintain
Mr. Hoover said his testimony on FBI eke-
a close',- coe:,perative relationship with the pa-
General John 'Al MitehP11 prior to his MaTC:11
. "
17 appearance before the subcommittee. ' countries which they cover.
"We are operating 33 telephone sUrveIl-
lances and four microphone installations in bu- .
man cases in the security field," Hoover re-
ported, and said two additional telephone taps
were waiting to bo installed. , _
HITS CI.2111%. AGAIN' ?
Mr. Hoover also took exception to a recently
published book by former Attorney General
Ramsey Clark, who was critical of Mr. Hoo-
ver's handling of the FBI.
5)
Mr. Hoover recalledhAio 0'p-44u-11-'1F kdl ease 2006/01/03 : CIA-RDP80-01601R001400060001-3
_ jim _ark s ,tenore as
attorney general, citing a speech he macfe in
"
, Approved For Releaseni
FBI ..nspedion.
?
The FBI is charged with .the most important police
functions in our Republic. Its duty is to investigate
not only serious federal crimes but also .domestic and
foreign political threats which rise to the level of
.treason, sabotage or "subversion." It is the nearest
thing America has to a secret police. During the past
50 years Presidents and Congresses of both parties
?have given the FBI and its director ever-wider respon-
sibilities, powers and discretion. Yet no matter where
thelr sympathies lie, few will deny that the Bureau is
undergoing the most serious and sustained attack in
its history.
The proudly displayed . conservative attitudes of
Mr. Hoover and his ill-concealed disdain for the left
have produced a very real fear that the director does
not carefully distinguish between his own political
preference. and his professional work. Practically every
politician in Washington more liberal than a right-
wing Republican feels that the FBI has him under con-
stant surveillance, and that the director has a dossier
filled with all his peccadilloes. If a "law and order"
champion like Rep. John Dowdy, who vas instrumen-
tal in passing the DC Crime Bill, is not immune from
surveillance, who is? Whatever, the judgment on Hale
Boggs' wiretapping charges, it is significant that. an.
? astute, political animal, who is also House Democratic
Majority Leader, could launch a broadscale attack on
the Bureau. The Bureau's 'competitor agencies, such as
the CIA,. the IRS, the Secret Service, military intelli-
gence, and state and local police forces have also had
much reason over the past 25 years, to develop a
.healthy respect for and jealousy of the power, effec-
tiveness, and political strength of the Bureau. There
arg?hints and rumors that even Mr. Hoover's superiors
lit the Justice Department are looking for a graceful
- way to ease him into retirement. Against this back-
ground, it was only natural that the recent outrage
over the revelations of Army political spying should
have so quickly shifted and broadened to focus on the
'FBI and its activities. Without at all minimizing the
seriousness of the Army's spying, it was short-lived,
amateurish, small potatoes compared to what the FBI
has been doing for decades.
It must have been some perverse fate that decreed
that the director should be confronted in so short a
time with so large -a collection of controversies ? the
public indictment of the Berrigans before any legal
action had been taken against them; the forced with-
drawal of agents from a class conducted by a pro-
fessor who had been critical of the director; the, firing
of agent Shaw for being so indiscreet as to be less than
sycophantic in his defense of the director; the em-
barrassing theftgfp
rITT),TIC
IRM :01. A -RDP80-016
S-ATINTL
raeFiRtfigfedig 166ffinhi
ating glimpse they gave into ureau me iciency and
01R001400060001-3
inanity; the firing of .three clerks for off-duty en-
.velope-stuffing; the ? bugging (legally) of a congress-
man; the surveillance of Earth-Day, the Most nonpo-
litical political demonstration in memory; and the
TWA pilot's troubles. The list becomes larger every
day. Mr. Hoover has faced similar incidents before.
What is new is the political climate, the concurrence
of the controversies, and of course, Hoover's age.
..At 76, his attitudes' have hardened, his enemies
have become legion and en-Lboldenea, and hib itiends
have become embarrassed. The revealing meeting
among "top White House aides" a few weeks ago is
evidence of the political mortality of a man who only
recently was universally acknowledged to be invul-
nerable. It is revealing, in the first place, because it.
was held at all;. second, because it took 25 Minutes to
conclude the director's retirement couldn't be forced;
third, because a top presidential aide deliberately
leaked the details of the meeting .to the press; and fi-
nally, because the reason for not retiring the director
right then was that he couldn't be removed under
fire. Naming a successor has become a popularalunch-
time game all over Washington. -?
While friends of the Bureau fulminate and enemies
rejoice, the fact remains that this is a serious situation
for We FBI and for We country. Who succeeds Hoover
is not the only or the central question. No agency,
and certainly not one charged with so much power in
an area so 'fraught with political ,and constitutional
dangers, should be permitted to go 50 years without a
,public accounting. Not only must we guard against
political abuse, illegality, and infringements of our
political liberties, but we must also protect against
bureaUcratic arthritis. _
?
An investigation is a necessity. And it should be by
Congress. No presidential body of "distinguished
Americans" would have the power, the trust, or gain
the public attention that is necessary for this under-
taking. But no existing committee or subcommittee of
Congress meets the prerequisites that are called for.
Senator Sam Ervin's Constitutional Rights subcom?
mittee has done fine service in publicizing the prev-
alence and danger of political surveillance. But it has
Bureau friends on it like Senators Thurmond, 'Ilruska,
Byrd and McClellan, and it has Bureau enemies like
Senators Bayh,- Kennedy and Tunney. An inquiry into
the Bureau by Ervin's subcommittee would probably
end in a shambles. And then there is always Mr.
Hoover's friend, James Eastland, who is not only
chairman of the full Judiciary Committee of which
Ervin's group is a subcommittee, but also chairman
of the Internal Security subcommittee as well. Clearly,
the Ervin subcommittee will not do.
What will do is a Select Senate Committee, chaired
ciivRi3F8&_rcy.i16.(AftlioilIrbiokongttight qualities for
the task. He is a conservative,Te personally likes the
c t 37/1"...
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.
Assessing the v317
House Majority Leader 'Tale Daggs' transparent "Today, as we in the Congress undertake to re
failure to back up his specific charge that the FBI cover and restore the people's liberty, we find that
it is ourselves who are called to account, ourselves
had tapped his home telephone should not be al-
lowed to obscure the significance of his contribu- who are under surveillance, ourselves who are
tion to an understanding of the grave threat Viilich prisoners of the power which our silence permitted
the bureau presents to American liberty. It is true to come into being."
?and the fact needs to be acknowledged candid- 0+-9
ly?that Mr. Boggs said more than he has been This is a terrible indictment?and a true one.'
able to sustain in his attack on PBI Director J. For at least 25 years?of the 47 years during which
h
Edgar Hoover two weeks ago. "I charge categori-
e served as director of the FBI?Mr. Hoover has
cally," he said, "that the "FBI has had me under been treated by Congress not as a public servant
surveillance ? my personal life." This newspaper but as a royal personage. His appearances before
commented at the time that the charge was, by the appropriations committees were occasions for
its nature, unprovable. Certainly Mr. Boggs' glib sheer fawning and adulation, not for inquiry into
assertion in a speech to the House that an uniden- his performance. And, indeed, such studies as the
tified telephone company investigator once told appropriations committees may have made as to
t
him that sOmeone, also unidentified, had at some the ways in which the bureau expended the public
f
time placed a tap on his telephone?a tap which funds entrusted to it were made largely by FBI
had been removed prior to the inspection of his agents assigned to the committee as investigators.
line by the company investigator?fell ludicrously No committee of Congress has ever presumed to
short of proof poSitive. Mr. Boggs' subsequent a
p. demand a sampling of the bureau's reports on gov-
pearance on the TV show "Face the Nation" was ernment employees to determine whether they are
even more embarrassing, Serious criticism of the done wisely or foolishly, if they are filled with facts
FBI suffered a setback in consequence. or kvith unverified gossip and rumor.
Nevertheless, recent events have afforded incon- No committee of Congress has ever inquired into
trovertible evidence that the FBI has engaged in the extent of FBI surveillance or investigation or
:widespread surveillance of Americans on purely eavesdropping or snooping -- or whatever euphe-
political grounds and that the FBI has employed mism or circumlocution you may want to apply
'techniques of surveillance which high officials of to its activity?into the lives of American citizens
the Department of Justice sought to hoodwink the
concerning whom there is no evidence of criminal
public into believing it did not employ. In his
conduct, only evidence of political nonconformity.
'speech to the House on April 22, Congressman
No committee of Congress has ever inquired into
Boggs said some indisputable things about the FBI
the personnel policies of the bureau, into its hiring
.which he should have said in the first place; and
standards or its promotion procedures or its treat-
le put the blame for the FBI's excesses for the ment of its employees?or even into the question
first. time precisely where it belongs---on the shoul- whether there is actually any need for the monster
ders of the United States Congress. honor'
. or mausoleum now being erected in
* "Today," he said, "I see what until now I did not of Mr. Hoover on Pennsylvania Avenue.
permit myself to see. Our apathy in this Congress,
our silence in this House, our very fear of speaking An investigation of the FBI by Congress is long,
Olt In other forums has watered the roots and has-
long overdue. Perhaps there is real merit to Sena-
tened the growth of a vine of tyranny liich 13 tor Muskie's proposal of a domestic intelligence /
ensnaring that Constitution- and Bill of Rights
review board analagous to the Foreign Intelligence lj
which we are each sworn to defend and uphold- Advisory Board organized in 1956 to ride herd,
. . . What has occurred could not have occurred
mainly on the CIA. But that, of course, presents
without our consent and complicity here on Capi-
a ganger of becoming ia time a mere gloss or pro-
tol Hill . . ? tective umbrella for the FBI. It might, as Senator
'?'We have established the rule of the dossier. Ervin observed, "amount to a Band-Aid on a broken
41Vb have conferred respectability upon the In- leg." The appropriate means of keeping the FBI
.former within proper bounds ought to be determined by
!Tle have sanctioned the use of bribes and pay- the Congress, we think, and only after a thorough
molts to citizen to spy upon citizen. . . . examination of the way in which it now functions
"No member of this House knows?or cad know and of the duties which the Congress wishes it to
with any eertainty-What the bureaus' atd -agencies fulfill. The FBI, like any other federal agency,
involved with the liberties of the American people ought to be subject to searching congressional scru-
may be doing. . . ? i tiny?and more frequently than once very 47 years.
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Approved For Release 2006/01/03 : CIA-RDP80-01601R001400060001-3
Rep. Ogden Reid has called for hearings by the
Fonign Operations and ?Government Information
Subcommittee of the Governmerit Operations Com-
mittee. That would at least he ,preferable to hear- .
ings by the Government Operations Committee of .
the Senate. Senator Kennedy has displayed an in-
terest in taking on such an investigation. Senator
.Margaret Chase Smith has _been ,suggested as a par-
ticularly detached, able and vigorous person to con-
duct a study of the FBI. But the outstanding sena-
tor to head a thoroughgoing investigation of the
FBI--of the whole range of domestic intelligence
and criminal investigating activity by the federal
gOvernment ? is, in our judgment, Sam Ervin of
North Carolina. Tough, fair-minded and with a pro-
fouLd commitavnt to American constitutional lib-
erties, Senator Ervin has pioneered in the study of
ineursions into privacy. It would offer reassurance
to the whole country if he would now indicate a
willingness to take on this difficult and important
assignment.
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Approved For Release 2006/01/03 : CIA-RDP80-01601R001
LOS ANOMS, CAL.
,MALD?tXAMINER
E ? 540,793
'S ? 529,466
2;17 131j_
; --- ?
Iv\v I\
tiir L.-1$, , I i : C 1 ?-? (
9 ' ri ri
:,.!',...i `N.t..iLi Li' ..........1 -,.:4,A
-.-...)
IgQ
' kz.)'' li ii L.i' tieD. ..:-L ., ),:-._.7,,;:
r
, .,3 (7\ r,..1 17.2' !, , )fi . ?r-i,---, TI 9 ir7
" j.,..!. 7 C '
H
U.S. Sen. Henry M. (Scoop) best interests of the American
Eidson, D-Wash., has called people and to protect the good
w a "watchdog" committee to name of the FBI, it would be
versee activities of the Federal wise to have a watchdog corn-
ttreau of Investigation to "pro- mittee of Congress oversee their
,ct its good name." activities."
Jackson, mentioned as a pos- Jackson said his suggestion in
ble.presidential hopeful, made no way meant he supported or
ie proposal yesterday at a disbelieved charges of improper,
ews conference in the Holly- investigations leveled at the
00d Plaza Hotel following a FBI and its chief, J. Edgar Hoo-
jeeting with 10 Southern Cali- ver, .recently by Rep. .Hale
,irnia labor leaders. He then Boggs, D-La., and several Dern-
ew to Palm Springs to meet ocratic presidential aspirants.
ith pther potential backers for He said he respected Boggs
!presidential bid, although he but had seen no proof of his
11.1 has not announced he will charges of illegal wire-tapping.
p a definite contender for the Jackson said he also "has seen:
: ;emocratic nomination or enter no evidence" that Hoover is too
le new Hampshire primary. Old at 70 to perform his job. Any
43 have peat respect for decision to replace the FBI
te high degree of professional- chief, he said, should be left to
an and efficiency of the FBI" President Richard M. Nixon,
lid the former attorney and The watchdog committee, he
rosecutor. "In light of the con- said, would be similar to the
vversy that has arisen, in the J o i n t Appropriations Armed
.1
- , -ervices Watchdog Committee
ver the CIA which now audits
Ind super--VE-8- the Central In-
telligence Agency.
"The FBI has been a highly
efficient organization . . . nev-
said.erthsa they
n. have
ao,,lvce' Theed
b been
eanne anyctuo accusation
a est ifccinen ideians 1:: i h he
et?,
?Jackson also said he would fa
vpr United Nations seating.for
-
?
both Nationalist and Mainlan?4
r China but doubts the issue
be resolved that easily."
----------------
k
, .
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Approved For Releate 2CKIEUI)11Ea1CIA-RDP80-016
?"
,
/0-1 rt 7! of f 7 "."1.
;
L L
r r
_ 7
WHEN U, THANT retires
as secretary general of the
United Nations, his successor
may well be chn.-,-.en from
Ethiopia, Nigerhn Ghana,
Ceylon or Indonesis.. One Cs.-
jection to a Swede or a Finn
taking office is that a white
man will not be favcned.
Black, brown, yellow, ri;
white, no.
The flip side of the coin is
also unusual. Eldridge Cleav-
er heads a chapter of Black
Panthers in Algeria. They
collaborated with Arafat's
Palestinian guerrillas against
Jordan's King Hussein,
thounh the revolution is
none of their business. But,
comradeship seems to have
puffed off in angry recrimi-
nation. Cleaver claims blacl:s
tre discriminated against by
Arafat, and are not taAen
I nto high councils when
sLrategy and totior, are dis-
cussed. So, now Illacl: Pan-
thers and the Arab n,u21-1.ill7.s
are on the outs.
* *
THE FED2RAL Bureau of
Investigation, untlr J. Edgar
;Hoover, became the world's
'greatest crime-fighting orga-
nization. Now the Bureau
and Hoover have come under
'attack from politicians, sev-
eral of whom lonve heady
eyes fixed on the presidentil-
STATINTL
01R001400060001-3
,
0
,? OT(744
CI;
nomination. No man, over
the years, has done More for
his country than the director.
It may be time has come for
him to pass in the responsi-
bility of his post. But, Hoov-
er's record does not warrant
the snide attacks. The presi-
dential aspirants smear their
own image by making tho:n.
If there is a govern.nontal
bureau that should have a
studied investigation, it is
the CIA. According to re-
ports, it hos authorized mur-
der, spends billions without
having to account for a
penny,. and puts out intelli-
gence reports (as in the Bay
of Pigs) that often fall farl,
shot t of accuracy. Why
snc?.
Fn-l:?nd nose i:ato that Par.-
d.-,ma's box?
*
TH.F. old days 7.re
gone forever is demonstrated
by the disupearance of de-
veto; operators, golf caddies,
shoeshine boys, butchers ,
v.-ho gave away liver, kidneys :
and brains, trolley ear con-
ductors able to retire on ,
fares they .didn't ring up,
newspaper copy desk men
who wore green eyeshades, n
politicizas who thought all
our country's ills could ba
curul by a toad five-can't :
cigar. ladies who wore 117n-s;l1-
button shoes. But' they may
come back any day now,
Most of those people and
things I could do without,
but they're nice to remember.
* * *
A LADY writes, asking
help in promoting hotpants
for men. The answer is no,
no, 1,000 times no. The very
thought of pot-bellied, hairy-
legged males trotting forth in
S uch apparel shakes my
aesthetic principles to their
very foundations. It's bad
enough to see that type in
Bermuda, or walking shorts
. . . but hotnants? Perish
the very thought.
* * *
TEE PEY:LiVIAN govern-
ment has seized American
fishinn boats, even though
they were in international
waters.. Owners were fined
550,000. A congressman ha;
introduced a bill thr4t would
suspend sugar imports from
countries that illegally seize
our fishing vessels. A heart-
broken burst front Presi-
dent Juan Velasquez. He
said: "I do not believe Ameri-
cans can do such a barbarous
thing. They have human feel-
ings and a sense of justice,
and will not harm my coun-
try." Don't he ton sure, Ve-
lasque-z.. We've had a bellyful
of Peruvian piracy. Stop har-
rying our tune hunters more
than 12 miles off your coast,
and return the money you
blackmailed out of them,
then hnaybe we'll buy your
sugar.
* *
IlEMEMBal;ED by all old
timers is Mother Kelly's
noted groggery on Dade Bou-
levard, long gone but not for-
gotten. "Mother," of course,
',vas no woman, but a stout
Irishman, who made the be-
irtni:i2s of his fortune by
_
tending bar for Helen Mor-
gan in high old prohibition
days. The solid rock of the
Holly entertainment routine
was P..rinett Green, singer
and master of corer:Ionics,
and pianist Jack Reynolds.
Deynolds stayed here, and
has played at many places.
Bennett went to the coast,
got into movies and TV, par-
ticularly as a regular on the
"Lucy Show." He's retired
new, v.-hich shows how fast
time goes. But. Jack keeps
merrily on his way. Bennett,
.ncidentally, had a part in the
origlnal "No, No, Nannette"
musical, which .has become
the bin-gest 1971 hit on
Broadway. "Nanette" first
appeared in 1925, so you can
see how far back the show
(and Mr. Green) go.
?
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Chaucreei,. Drtjuis
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--??? ? ? 77-?-) 7 - ?
tr? -70 7 0 ; fj -r-'7 I' .9. ;,
,
\ By ADAM CLYMEIt .
? ,?: .? . : 3" . '
? i ' .
? " Washingtom SCOrns to worship, the FBI, is in- CIA: except te a handful of report- in his administration and iriiste.'t
. He isn't any Dillingcr, hut the volved. ers most of r:-.em ',:ar. ..n. to it and ? no U.S. Capitol phone had been
? new Public Enemy for the FBI has This mistargeting is part of Inc , to their coll.:see:es as its patsies, tapped. - (Of ' course, congressmen
, certainly put the administration reason the protests don't seem to be who can be colinted oa to write a have other phones, too, and having
into an exceptional snit. And with very effective. Moreover, there are story involvine the ES: pretty much an informer call. a congressma1i
good reason, because responses to a few substantial points at which as the , FBI, and? r...lt its foe, would and then tapping the informer's
'Senator Edmund S. Muskie aren't the a?dministratio.i is taking a posi- like to see it vutitten. - phone is technically and legally dif-
nearly as obvious as ways of an- lion that sounds like anti-privacy, When reportees asked at the FBI ferent, but it sure a3 hell 13 listen-
swering other cuitics. like the Justice Department's vie,,,v -bout Muskie's chai-tes Wednes- ing to his conversation, which is
From the administration view, --lately scorned by a judge?that it ?.'ay, they got "no CC.-Jtnent" with what bothers people.) But the Mo;;-
Senator George S. McGovern and has an absolute ril-it to decide. the implication :hat tlotey were un- nihan suggestion didn't get through
:?Representative Hale Boggs, the when national security is involved reasonable even to ask. At the theo- elsewhere, at least not quickly.
earlier recent critics, were less of a in internal dissent and tap a phone reticalfy sup-el:or JL Ce Depart- There were two other intriguing
worry. Each of them was vulnera- without a court's permission. And meat, there inns also no comment, element; in the President's peesen-
ble in -two ways. In personal terms, the administration has, in contrast but with a Erie:sillier manner, and tation. He, praised Mr. Hoover fully,
Mr.
Boggs was sneered at as unsta- to its predecessor, talked about the the man in C:::Sr.". ;':???:A he would but without the stridency others
'hie or unwell, with the implication usefulness of wiretappin?g and bug- see if he could get sin:3 reaction, have used. And he admitted that a
(drunk) perfectly clear. Senator ging. The Johnson administration He did, but it was tli hours later, little criticism of Mr. Hoover might
'fivIeGovern can be dismissed as an talked harder than it sometimes apparently after seneone had sometimes be justified, just as criti-
all-out dove, denounced by letter- acted, and the Nixon atimini.stra- studied tea leaves arei other omens cism of , himself might sometimes
writiug FBI officials as unpatriotic. tion may be tapping less, 'out it sufficiently to :,-.:;!::::' .iat the Mus- be justificd. Of course, ...1r. Nixon
.More important to any gool. coun- enjoying it mone. kie charttes had not 101 obliterat- has occasionally admitted h3 has
teratPc1;, however, v,-as that Mr. ? ? ? -, - . ,._ ..
ed by Zeigler s el:..ttec, and it messed something up. At the FM,
A recent epistle to the President
Bo5?-ts chaea-es cont,ress'oPPI pkores wouldn't be fetal te, explain just never is heard a self-critical v.-ord.
? ?-c''''? ? ''' ? '''' ::`-'-' - ? from De-',1 I-) Vovei?-----n tl-- ',Teat ? ? ?
were tapped v,-ithoilt offering evi- ' '-":" ? ? - ? ?'-'1---' : 'c' b ,`"' vmat tne 1-? 31 tvas del.ig at Earth Mistakes are punished, sharply, but
deka and Mr. McGovern publi- frienl'yrIr? l'''''3'-'??2`' ai ? 3 \vi'-'e-: Day. It was a zeed es:planation? not admitted.
cized an attack on the 1--.EI as corn- spr9ad fet?ing, even Fong v.-eil-off not v.-holly cliss:.:,.... of all the . . .
ing fro in several . agents even businessmen from v-nem .11. Moy- fuzzy edges?lie: se:elle:a, saying Finally, the President observed
thougii all he had was an unsigned ruhan now extracts. ce:.:sultant's the FBI had been wesTeed of yip- that criticism, especially that
' letter on FBI stationery. fees that the adr-nrus'rat?on wPrt-
? . II ? ' ' ' ? - . ' " - '' ? lerce at the rallies :met went to men t of it which was- "unfair" or
ed to suppress "cll.-II liberties in the cheek. Trie st.:...,kesme2 c,f: th..2 F-,.i.. "malicious" was only likely to
But Senator Muskie is personally nation and has already to some ex- make Mr. Hoover "dig in" anti rot
Left mi,ht ca'.I i' a lie, but re-
unassailable, subject only to a tent succeeded." The meino seems, .. . ''h ,.. ed. ,s ?
poiteis E,`, t: v,0..1.:: not and retire. Be said he agreed, and felt
charge of seeking political advan- to have stirred the V.Thite House printedit. it would be unfair for Mr. Htiover,
tage, but then v.-ho isn't? And, more breast-beatitag, since it said the ? 6 1 . after long years of great service,
important, he hal evidence that the case was going by default. But they got it a :iv late, and to leave "under a cloud." Ti13
FBI had snooped on various Earth So the administration restated some papers didn't z'ar it until they forces attacking the 76-year-old di-
Day activities here. He charged, the philosophical part of its case had gone to press. It -.could have rector are hardly united, under a
without backing it up, that activities this week. But it still ignored the been so much easier, and better single command that rilRkes them
in another 40 to 60 cities were also detail. Reporters came away from for the adminisinatien, to do it all advance or halt, but was the Presi-
spied ?
,. Thatcharge may be the Ziegler briefings feeling he simply the day before: but it annost seems dent wistfully appealing. to them
More believed?whether true or not could not comprehend how any that the admiaisteation. upset over collectively? Was he, recalling one
?because the first had evidence, honest and rational person could the way its actiiii3s, L?peciaily the of his predecessor's favored peace
.The reaction was thateati'ain and question that v,-onderful . old man, war, are reported, has decided that methods, seeking .a ?"Hoover
again White House Press Secretary J. Edgar Hoover. sitting-down and answering reason- pause," a period of aefevl rnonths
-Ronald L. Ziegler trotted out the Without taking space for a num- able questions is ? like consorting of 'silence that would enable Mr.
af.lnaListratipn's...outragte that arly- ber of well-documented cases of with the enemy. ' , ? Hoover to retire gracefully?' Of
Ole wenitt think it, of. all people, the FBI's saying one thing and do- Mr. Moynihan, the firmer presi- course Mr. Johnson's . "bombing
believes in invasion of privacy. ing another, the simplest reason dentin l counselsr, suggested that pauses" did not produce the face-
That's only one level of the sus- for good reporters to distrust the his erstwhile cellealetes answer saving compromises their advo-
? *ion. The soberer critics here FBI is that it behaves as if it has false charges t.-?-ith precise data, cates promised, but perhaps the hi-
think it is just, insufficiently both- something to hide. It has the least a message E"..:7L apparently got scrutable Mr. Hoover is really
ered by such invasions, especially helpful public information opera- through to Mr. ...-Tixen Friday night more traditionally Oriental than the
against timvliolcsome types, and es- tion of any major chunk of the at the editors' ,;:atr:.:-;. He cited crowd in Hanoi and would respond
pecially ',viten an organization it government excluding, maybe, the total numbers c'f tapped telephones differently,
? I
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THE MI:
II 0 ovrzr's 17o33
lie seems as. formidable as any other
Washington monument?and very nearly
as enduring. Yet as he approaches his
. 47th anniversary in office, FBI Director
3. Edgar Hoover appears to have fallen
. into 'unprecedented disfavor in the high-
est places. From the Justice Department
,to Capitol Hill and even within the
Viite House itself there are veiled
hopes and hints that the Hoover era may
finally be coining to an end. "Hoover's
, :replacement as the head of the FBI is no
longer unthinkable around here," says
jone 'Republican Congressional insider.
fact, there would be a sigh of relief
?that could lift the Capitol dome quite a
few inches."
'Age alone could write a last chapter to
Hoover's unique career, ,of course. Al-
though still remarkably hearty at 76, he
has already served six years beyond the
nonnal Federal retirement age, thanks to
an exemption granted Lim by President
.Lyndon Johnson. But Hobver's departure
cduld also be hastened by ,a run of em-
barrassments that lately has plagued his
Fgdricy??including several precipitated
: by the domineering director himself. Not
only has the FBI met with sparse success
in dealing with the new bred of radical
-terrorists,* it has also suffered some lapses
in Its own internal security: a "leak" from
its Seattle office that linked San Francis-
co Mayor Joseph 'Alioto with alleged
Mafia members, for example, and the re-
cent theft of 800 tci 1,000 FBI docu-
Meats from an unguarded Media, Pa.,
branch office. And Hoover has not
helped' the bureau's image by publicly
denouncing former Attorney General
Ramsey :Clark as a "jellyfish," airily stere-
otyping Puerto Ricans and Mexicans
? ("They don't shoot very straight. But if
they come at you with a knife, beware.")
and prematurely announcing an alleged
kidnap-conspiracy involving the Berrigan
brothers and a gronp of other Roman
Catholic antiwar activists.
Vindictive: Another ase in point, re-
ported earlier this year, was Hoover's
seemingly vindictive treatment of an
agent who criticized some aspects of the
bureau in connection with a course he had
taken in police science. Although he gen-
erally defended the 1131's record, agent
.John F. Shaw .was summarily ordered
transferred to the FBI's Butte Mont., of-
fice and then permitted by Hoover to
resign "with prejudice." Shaw subse-
quently filed suit in Federal court, and
Serk:George McGovern has demanded a
CoAgressional investigation of the case. .
afaifr, was nothing new to
hands. "Mr.: Hoover administers
.by.pique, whim and fancy and the Shaw
es. . :
*The FM's Ten Most Wanted List was expanded
to sixteen last year to speed the capture of radical
terrorists but no arrests have been recorded since the
caphire of Angela Davis iIn I
last month's mysterious bo iml veatArir. kel
FBI modestly permitted the 2 st anniversary of its.
famed list to pass without even a "birthday"
STATI NTL
TaM060001 -3
case is just the latest- instance," says one
eforiner high-ranking G-man. "But his
case has done to the bureau what the
Calley case has done to the Ari,ny. It has
hada significant demoralizing circa."
Still, it is the Berrigan affair .that: las
triggered most of the recent eriticisn of
Hoover?especially within the Justice De-
partment under whose aegis the FBI is
nominally supposed to operate.' The di-
rector broadcast the alleged kidnap con-
spiracy during an appeal for supplement-
al appropriations before a. closed session
of a Senate subcommittee. His remarks,
made public with his blessing, mortified
DOJ staffers who feared their case against
the 13errigans might be compromised.
Relations between Justice and the FBI
are also threatened DOW because copies
Wally
Hoover: End of an era?
of some potentially incriminating letters,
supposedly written by tie radical priests,
have mysteriously found their way to'
several Washington newsmen. Whether'
the letters are genuine is not dlear and
none has been published. But should
they be, the government's case could be
hurt, and some Justice staffers are pre-
pared to blame the FBI for the leak. ?
Health: But despite grumbles from
DOJ staff,.srs about the penchant
for going it alone, Attorney General John
Mitchell argues that there is more coop-
eration than ever. "We have liaisons on
more levels than over existed before,"
says 'Mitchell, who helped 'persuade
Hoover to let his men join racket-busting
Federal "strike forces" around the couti-
e0e,'2006/011403r? !UMW P80 if) t601 R
health, active, wori:S a full day,. is always
rel
"available day or night, just as if he was
26, the A.G. told NEWSWEEK'S Robert
Shogan. "There have been a number of
public incidents which, to use the words
of the President, have just given [some].
characters a 'cheap shot' at him. But the
'President has known J. Edgar Hoover for
many -years and is fully cognizant of his
capabilities. I believe that on balance the
President continues to have.- faith in Mr.
Hoover ..."
The notion that the President might be
keeping a balance sheet of sorts on his
old friend Hoover is novel enough. Elab-
orations on that theme by other top
Nixon aides hint at a surprising degree of
disillusionment. "Everything is on bal-
ance," says one, gesturing with his hands
to represent scales. "Right now there is
more on?this side [Hooc'er's' assets] than
that [his liabilities]." What about all the
embarrassing headlines?- "They're no-
ticed, obviously," he says. "This Adminis-
tration is concerned with the public atti-
tude toward law and order and the
forces of justice, and the public confi-
dence in its institutions, and cannot over,
looks anything." Should the balance tip
against the old bulldog, it is suggested,
the President would have no qualms'
about arranging for Hoover to retire. Of
course, Mr. Nixon's relationship with
Hoover 'dates back to his House days
and the Alger Hiss investigation, and
"roots like that are 'not lightly over-
looked," observes one White House
staffer. But the suggestion alone is seen
tbaykasine Hoover watchers as an unmis-
l':le signal of changing times.
Rigid: For the record, most congress-
men still defend the FBI boss against- his
critics. But even Hoover's staunchest sup-
porters in Congress privately admit that'
his retirement is long overdue. "I would
hate for this to get back to my district,
but it is time for Mr. Hoover to move
along," says one unreconstructed South-
ern conservative. "He has done a'? tre-
mendous job in developing a highly
disciplined and professional organization
but he has outlived'his usefulness ... In
an age where we constantly require more
flexibility, Mr. Hoover is, one of the least
flexible officials in the government." Says
a COP House leader: Any man who has
made the statements that J. Edgar
Hoover has made lately. ... should be
put out to pasture."
Whenever and however Hoover steps
down, the problem of naming his re-
placement will remain. For Hoover has
been notably wary of grooming a suc-
cessor who might share the limelight.
His No. 2 man, officially, is Associate Di-
rectdr Clyde Tolson, but at 70, Tolson is
reportedly feeling his age far more than
Hoover. Besides, Tolson for years has
served primarily as Hoover's companion
at lunch (the Rib Room of. the Mayflower
Hotel each noon), dinner and regular
excursions to local race tracks.
A more likely choice from the ranks
would be William C. Sullivan, 57-year-
40131160 tit3 director. Described as
a scholarly type, Sullivan made head-
lines last fall with a speech warning ? of-
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