PERLO REPLIES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-01601R000800310001-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 69
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 29, 2000
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: December 7, 1972
• Content Type: NSPR

STATINTL
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DAILY I;ORLD
7 DEC 1972
1Dear
Editor,
? PERLO REPLIES
Mrs. Seigel appeals for a change in Soviet policies and propaganda. Her
' points, it seems to me, are based partly on misinformation and partly on false
analogies. ?
1. The million Jews rescued by the USSR from death in Nazi-occupied
lands returned to their homelands after the war. They are not involved in the
present emigration to Israel from the USSR.
2. Mrs. Seigel calls on the Soviet government to say it doesn't want
Jews to leave, to reiterate the laws against anti-Semisitm, to discuss ideologi-
cal problems in relation to Jews.
- _ The Soviet government has been doing exactly that and much, moreAt
has been widely publicizing the tremendous contributions of the Jewish people .
- to the USSR, in military, economic and cultural fields, paying them high honor.
An example is the pamphlet by the Soviet Jewish writer, Solomon Rabinowitz,
which has been translated into English. Criticism should be directed at the
United States media and commercial publishing houses, which in effect cen-
sor all material telling the truth about Soviet Jews so that it becomes acces-
sible only to the handful that know about left-wing bookstores or read the
Daily World and Peoples World.
3. Under socialism, the two trends ? a flowering of national cultures
and a merging of peoples ? go on simultaneously. Because the Jewish people
are spread out all over the country, because so many of them are in advanced
professional and political positions, the tendency towards blending into a.mul-
tinational Soviet cultural pattern is particularly strong. It is for that reason,
rather than the absence of a daily Yiddish newspaper, etc., apt only one-sixth
of the Soviet Jews consider Yiddish their mother tongue. The same blending
into a common United States cultural pattern goes on in this country, marred
by the vicious racism being stirred up by our reactionaries.'
4. 'Comparison with Bulgarian postwar emigration policy is not valid.
It is true, by the way, that the Bulgarian state, Mone among those wholly
occupied by the Nazis, protected the Jews from the invaders and saved them
from the Nazi death camps. However, in the immediate postwar period, the
Bulgarian Jews did not constitute a group with special qualifications for build-
ing the country, they had not lived most of their lives under socialism, they
were relatively few in numbers, and they were going to a country which, at the
time, was not engaged in acting as spearhead for the imperialist offensive
against the national liberation movement.
It seems to be true, as Mrs. Seigel points out, that assiduous efforts
Of the United States Information Agency, the CIA and Zionist organizations
have succeeded in creating among a minority of Soviet Jews ? amounting to
thousands, even ? a fever to emigrate to Israel. But, according. to recent
press reports, many of the Soviet Jews going to Israel are settled in occupied
lands, for use in fighting against neighboring peoples who are struggling to
regain the lands seized from them by Israeli aggressors. It's too bad that some
Soviet Jews are lured by the pied piper of bourgeois nationalism. But the So-
viet government has a right, in relation to the national liberation struggles in
the Middle East ? which it rightfully supports ? to restrain emigration which
would aid the aggressor.
6. I gather Mrs. Seigel is criticizing me for "badgering and blaming"
those who slander the USSR in connection with the so-called Jewish question
and for showing the basic correctness of the Soviet position. The trouble in this
country is that there aren't many more writers, with access to much wider
circulating media, to tell the truth. I would hope that Mrs. Seigel, who herself
understands much on this issue, will help the cause of combating anti-Soviet-
ism by using letters to the editor or other means to get some of the truth to,
people in tier own community. "
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Approved For Release 2401t/04011:-cdiA-RDP80-016
8 NOV 1972
The Washington Merry-Go-Round
Columnists
By Jack Anderson
The Greek dictatorship has
sponsored a luxury tour for
some of America's best-read
conservative columnists. In
some cases, their wives also
made the trip.
Not surprisingly, the red-
carpet trip produced a gush of
pro-junta columns in the na-
tion's press. Readers, however,
didn't know that the tour was
financed, at $2,000 .a head, by
t h e government-controlled
Hellenic Industrial Develop-
ment Bank, whose urbane gov-
ernor, P a u 1 Totomis, once
rounded up thousands of inno-
cent Greeks in concentration
camps.
Totomis was the Junta's
Minister of Public Order for
six months after the 1967
coup. This charming Athenian
man-about-town put up the
columnists at the plush King
George Hotel, arranged lot-
their first class travel and
picked up their bills for fine
wines and Greek foods.
The suave Totomis and his
bosses would have gotten their
money's worth out of the jun-
ket if the only man on it had
been Ralph de Toledano, who
distributes his conservative
views to 100 papers. "For the.
first time in its 150 years of hi-
dependence," wrote de
Toledano, "Greece is prosper-
ing and the people satisfied."
But de Toledano had another
gift for the Greeks. When To-
tomis' bank sponsored a pavil-
_lion at the Greek-American _
STATINTL
ore Gifts to Greeks
AHEPA conference in Atlanta,
deToledano wrote Vice Presi-
dent Spiro Agnew on Totomis'
behalf. The Vice President did
not know Totomis, but took
de Toledano's word for the
Greek's good works.
In a personal letter, Agnew
? without ever seeing ' the
bank's pavillion ? lauded To-
tomis' contribution to Greek-
American amity. The letter
has been proudly publicized
by Totomis.
The dictatorship reaped fur-
?
ther benefits from columnist
James J. Kilpatrick, who
praised the way things are
going under the military re-
gime. The capable. sometimes
caustic Kilpatrick lailed to tO1
his millions of readers that
the bank had picked up his
tab when he singled out-the
bank for praise.
The more the present gov-
ernment succeeds in promot-
ing industrial growth around.
the country, the more secure
that government becomes.
Through . . . such energetic
outfits as the Hellenic In-
dustrial Development Bank,
the government is doing just
that," wrote Kilpatrick.
Other kind words were writ-
ten by junketeering column-
ists Anthony Harrigan, who
doubles as executive vice pres-
ident of the Southern States
Industrial Council; former Na-
tional Press Club President
Allan Cromley; Daily Oklaho-
man bureau chief in Washing-
ton; Robert Baskin, Dallas
Morning News political writer,
and Oscar Naumann, Journal
of Commerce economic writer.
While most of the copy writ-
ten by the subsidized tourists
is favorable to the junta,
Cromley and Naumann did
take a few honest bites at the i
dictatorship. Cromley wrote
candidly: 'The fact is that the,
present government is a form ;
of dictatorship which exer-
cises sporadic censorship of
the press and exists without
periodic consent of the gov-
ernment." Naumann criticized
the Greek steel industry.
When we questioned the col- i
umnists about their week of I
junketing, the reaction was
mixed. De Toieclano said: "I'll
stick by my i:riendship with I
Paul Totomis. I think he's!
doing a helluva job there."
The facile de Toledano said he
had even helped out Totomis
with a little unpaid public re-
lations work.
Kilpatrick called it a "rou-
tine industrial tour," and said
he had been led to believe the
Greek government had not
picked up the tab. Baskin,
Cromley and Naumann also
spoke frankly with us.
Only Harrigan, who finds
even President Nixon's poli-
tics too far left for him from
time to time, refused to dis-
cuss the junket.
We reached Totomis by
overseas telephone at his bank
in Athens. For 45 minutes he
vigorously defended himself.
There was nothing wrong with
the tour, he said. As for his
roundup of Greeks in 1967, he
said there had been no corn-
plaints from the detainees. In
any case, he said he . was
merely carrying out orders
from higher up. "I have lived
my entire life in honor," he
said.
Footnote: Among other jun-
keteers were travel writer
Theo McCormick and U.S.
Steel public relations man
Tom Geoghegan. One of those
invited by Totomis, AP eco-
nomic writer Sterling Green,
turned down the junket be-
cause free trips are against
AP policy.
Intelligence Reports -
Anti-CIA Campaign ? The
Soviets, apparently, have
launched a world-wide cam-
paign to discredit the Central
Intelligence Agency. Particu-
larly in Asia, Soviet propa-
ganda blames the CIA for
everything from conspiring
against President Ferdinand
Marcos in the Philippines to
stirring up ill will between
India and Bangladesh.
Mao's Successor ? Intelli-
gence reports say Chipa's
Chairman Mao Tse-tung and
Premier Chou En-lai have dis-
cussed how to prepare the
Chinese public for the inevita-
ble demise of the revered
Mao. The attempt to build up
Lin Palo as a successor led
to an abortive coup when he
got in too big a hurry to take
over. Mao is said to recognize,
however, that he cannot :live
much longer and that a suc-
cessor must be groomed who
can 'hold China together.
(19 1972, United Feature Syndicate
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20
OCT 1972
`Book say's".IA-4.,(;le
Sputnik briefly in '58
Washington 14)--The Central
Intelligence Agency stole the
Soviet Sputnik to examine it
minutely while it was on a
world tour in 1953. says a new
book by a former intelligence
agent. .
Patrick J. McGarvey. in
"CIA?The Myth & the M;-. d-
ness," a book critical of the
agency, relates:
"The Sputnik display was
stolen for three hours by a CIAt
team which completely dis,
mantled it, took samples of it
structure, photographed IL
reassembled it and returned i
to its original place unde-
tected.? .
? . CIA review required
The country where this oc-
curred, Mr. McGarvey said,
was among the things in about
100 lines the CIA cut out when
he submitted his manuscript to
the CIA. Review by the CIA
was required under his secrecy
agreement signed when he
joined the agency, he said.
Other things Mr. McGarvey
says he is revealing for the
first time include:
I. ,Intelligence . bickering
nearly provoked Chinese Com-
munist entry into the Vietnam
war in 1966.
2. Richard Helms, director
of central intelligence, taps
the phones of his subordinates.
3. The FBI tried to enlist the
CIA in an attempt to "scandal-
ize" Stokely Carmichael, the
black civil rights activist, in
Hong Kong during his travels
in 1967.
4. The ill-fated Pueblo mis-
sion and capture by North
Korea was unnecessary since
all the targets it was working
against were already ade-
quately covered by other intel-
ligence sources.
The CIA had no comment on
Mr. McGarvey's book. And in
giving him the go-ahead, the
agency wrote Mr. McGarvey if
any claim is made that the
CIA "in any ?way approves
your book or confirms the ac-
curacy of any information con-
tained therein, it will be offi-
cially denied and we will con-
sider what other action may be
appropriate under the circum-
stances."
Mr. McGarvey is a 14-year
veteran in intelligence, three
lyears with the CIA, the rest
I with the Army's National Secu-
!rity Agency and the Defense
;Intelligence Agency between ;
1955 and 1969.
He served in intelligence as- !
signments in Korea, Japan, I
Taiwan and Vietnam.
Battling with 2 authors
Mr. McGarvey's book is one
of three new books on the CIA
but the agency is battling with
authors of the other two who
did not present theirs for clear-
ance.
The CIA tried to block the
publication several months ago
of "The Politics of Heroin in
Southeast Asia" by Alfred
McCoy, which accused the CIA
of heavy involvement in drug
traffic in that area. The book
was published over CIA pro-
test.
Last spring, the CIA won a
federal court injunction to
block publication and speeches /
by a former high-ranking intel-
ligence official, Victor Mar-
chetti. He is now appealing to
the Supreme Court.
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STATINTL
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NEV. YORK T I ME S
20 OCT 1972
_Bx-Aide of C.I.A. Says U.S. Bombed Leper Colony
By SEYMOUR M. HERSH
Special ta 'The New York Z:mes
WASHINGTON, Oct. 19?A
former Central Intelligence
Agency official said in a new?
book publish:NA today that the
Air Force bombed a North Viet-
namese leper colony in 1966
after Air Force photo analysts
mistakenly concluded that the
tuildings?surrounded by two
rows of barbed-wire fence?
were a North Vietnamese divi-
sion headouartees.
The former agent, Patrick J.
McGarvey, spent 14 years with
the C.I.A.. the Defense Intelli-
gence Agency and Air Force
intelligence before resigning in
1969.
In his book, "C.I.A.. the
Myth.& Madness," published
by the Saturday Acvw Press,
Mr. McGarvey charges that de-
fense agency and C.I.A. special-
Lts were overwhehninely con-
cerned with providing what he,
called "intelligence to please";
and would often distort facts1
tu do so.
In some cases, he contended,
vital information was withheld It
from the White House by bu-
reaucrats anxious to avoid crit-
icism. .
The leper-colony incident be-
gan, Mr. McGarvey wrote, afterld
the Air Force reported that iti
had spotted a division head-la
quarters in reconnaissance phols
tographs. At the time, the scrv- 1
ice was eager to destroy the n
fighting capability of the North
Vietnamese Army, then largely
still in the north.
"They spot:co' a huge, heavily
guarded compound at a village
called Quynh Loc," Mr. Mc_
official said. "No public men..
tion was ever made of the in-
cident."
"An honest portrayal of what
intelligence is all about must
conclude that the C.I.A. is a
insuffera'ele bureaucratie mc-
rass with little or no central
direction sorely needing drastic
change," Mr. Mcfarney wrote.
A spokesman for the C.I.A.
confirmed that Mr. McGarvey
had worked there, but refused
comment on the book. The book
was sent to the agency for re-
oiew before publication, Mr. Mc
Garvey said, and only a few
minor segments. were deleted.
In a letter to Mr. N1cGareey
clearing the book for publica-
tion, an agency official noted
that if any claim- is made that
the C.I.A.. "in any way ap-
proves your book or confirms
the accuracy of any informa-
ion contained here therein, it
will be officiallyd
Sputnik Reported Stolen
Although the book's title
cats with the C.I.A., the bulk
of Mr. McGarvey's criticisms an
necdotes are drawn from his
ervice with the Defense Intel-
igcnce Agency during the Viet-
a m War.
Associated Press
Patrick J. McGarvey
Joint . Chiefs "insisted that
D.I.A. label the facility a pos.
sible military . headquarters
site." His account went on:
"D.1.A, acceded to this demand.
On May C, 1966, a heavy bomb-
ing raid was mounted against
the facilily."
'No Pub:ic Mention Made'
"A few days 1'ter," Mr. Mc-
Gravey wrote, "the North Viet-
namese clurged Illat the United
States had bombed a leper col-
ony at Qtynli Loc, killing 30
patients Ind v,-ounding 34.
D.1.A. examined the photo:: and
compared _hem with those on
which they had based the mis-
sion.,,
"They proved to be the pos-
sible milLary headquarters
site,'" the Tformer intelligence
In the book, Mr. McGarvey
also reports that C.I.A. agents
successfully stole the Soviet
Sputnik for three hours while
the missle was on a world tour
Garvey said.. "The compound shortly after its successful
was isolated and ringed with launch. The C.I.A. team "I mm.
barbed wire. Inside were areas pletely dis.mantly:l it, tot,k
p is of lti strii(tt:re, shut off off from each Other with .graphed it, reassi.eColed it. anti
more barbed wire."
d 1, tc? p13ce.
Both the Air Force operations untletcctt.(1,"-l.c salil.
personnel and the officers at. Mr. MeGarv:y, now a -resident?
tached to the Joint Chiefs of or suburban Washington, is
Staff "concluded that this known to have spent somcycars
had to be a division head- working, under cover as a
quarters," Mr. McGarvey wrote. .clandestine C.I.A. agent in South
_ . _ . _ The initial defense agency anal. Vietnam and elsewhere, but
ysis did not support that con- Geals lightly lith his personal
elusion, he added, and it was experiences in the book.
officially reported that there ? "This book is not an attempt
was "no information to support to expose the C.I.A.," he wrote,
the existence of a division
headquarters at that location."
Mr. McGarvey, who was.serv-
ing with the Defense Intel-
'One of my reasons for writing
this book is to shed some light
on the most damaging, persist-
ent myth afoot today about the
C.I.A.?that it is an efficient.
ligence Agency at the time,
noted that ,it had previously well-run machine capable of
been determined that the North almost any act of trickery or
Vietnamese Army had aban-
intrigue.'
dotted all of its identifiable
garrison areas and military:
camps shortly after the air war
.began in 1063 "and took to the.
hills and caves."
Nonetheless, he wrote, thel
STATI NTL
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1
;
J.L
r ? ? ;
c.,
-71
j
"7"rn
'T4 ?\$i
,
aa.
From JOHN GCSHNO, Bonn, October
; Thl two . women apies ii:enth. In 15'03, Dr liarye..1 was
' .- ?
: excnanaed by West Germany Minister :or Inter-German
'---'rs
. for more than 100 prisooeas
?an ?"..- axal.? ran'
fro:n the East h t!u
as fosed ? s' ? "'" '''" `? '-'?'-a--!'
nia.ai been a re"ulaa nail &-*
attention on a little knovan u?neasy relatici.:is be\we-an' Ilie
aspect or commerce between two Germanys. Eatially Ni.
ale two Gerir.anvs ? a lively saners held by the two aides are
trefiic in human beings. exchlinged or West -Genuany !
" buys" East German nr:soners
a Such exchanges have been for goods or cash. -
going on for nine Years. Ofb- One of the more sensational
instances was the as in,
February 19ii-9 of Heinz Feife. a ;
Soviet agent who had MM..
trated West Gernuin in-telli- i
gence for 10 years. He was ,
re-leased in excnange ii'or three
Heidelberg Univ-ersity students
detained in the Soviet 1.7mon on
charges of spying for the Cen-
tral Intelligence aaaency. Bonn's v'
view is that the East Germans .
deliberately stockpile has ages
as a bargaining counter to
secure the release of specific !
agents imprisoned in the West. ?
cials here say privately that
sine?, 1009 they have arranged
the release to the \Vest of about
4.000 people head .in East Ger-
man gaols.
Until now the Federal
Government was loth ever, to
admit its role in these "buying
Out"- deals for fear of endanger-
ing these operations, and the
West German public has been
generally unaware of the size of
this system of exchanges.
: The practice received
aaenewed notice a few days ago
*hen Gover"?ent eicirals here
confirmed press roans that
two spies, Linne Lindner, and
Irene Schultz, had been handed
Over to East Germany in
exchange for more than 100
political. prisoners. Bath women
had boon in nriaon 30 months,
*waiting trial on charges of
espionage against West
Germany.
-Mrs Schnitz had been the
Personal secretary to the then
Federal Minister of Science and
Pesearch, 4nd she allegedly 'ned
disadvantages.
passed to Mrs Undner papers
private mutings Most or those excl,?.?ged are
,de seribingthe little fish IC, begin wain. Once
Of Chancellor larancit's Cabinet.
they, have been ca.,:ght
. The case was unusual because tdentafiad, their useaulness to ?
the Minister for Inter-German"' aat Germany as agents is
:Affairs. Herr Franke, took pains
'
4o issue a statement confirming
1*%lost of those held in East
the. Government's part in the
Germany have been released hy
exchange. Evidently he".direet. purchase." On occre
:aleviated ft o the usual la,
sion, this Ilea involved shipping
For this reason senior
members of West Germany's
security . services generally
frown on the system an the
grounds that the East Germans
are ,better able to recruit spies
DY promg them a speedy
"buy out" if they are caught.
In spite of such objections,:
the Federal Government has ;
continued to exchange
imprisoned spies' because. as
one 4)fileiel, says, " the advan-
tages generally outweigh the
iscreet diplomati c tactics
beentiae first reports of the slich "ninladi;i?" as ei:?rus fruit
medicines. aaitt for the most
Voaten's relezse wure " highly or
iiiI:seClinite" and handled by th:-.., next Gallia:- Marks l'ire paid-
,0:-,osition press " in a Way that out to aatisfa fast German hard
-,cons!ituteti, a partisan attack On Currency demands.
the Government." . Publicity aurrounding the
?Privately Government offi- Liadner-Sehultz affeir might
:''cials say that the system of depress the el-- aces of aar:
?," buying - out " began in 10a3 exchanges for a time. But East
curing the chancellnrship of Dr Germany's need far hard
Erhard and was initiated by Dr currency and coneern far its
.: Darzel, now the leader of the agents shoula allow anasiness to
Christian Democrat Opposition. resume soon. ? Washington
and an aspiring Chancellor next Post.
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29 SEP 1972
8 SAKHAROV'S VIEWS CRITICIZED
Even the Swiss weekly Weltwoche, with a cir-
culation of 100,000 worldwide and plenty- of ads
from IBM, Ford, etc., can't buy the line of the
CIA's "Golden Boy" ? Soviet intellectual Sak-
harov.
In the publication's July 26 issue, it subtitled
a full page writeup about Sakharov "Professor
Sakharov, Mystic and Utopian." The article de-
scribes some of his writings as "mirroring naiv-
ete," and reports that Sakharov advocates a re-
turn to privately practicing physicians and to
billing of patients by hospitals for health service
I rendered! ?J. M., Miami
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WASHINGTON POST
SEP 1972
The Washington Merry-Go-Round
Nixpn, Expects Ste
? By Jack Anderson
? President Nixon was opti-
mistic until a few weeks ago
about achieving a cease-fire in
.Vielnim before the Nov. 7
-'election. Now he expects
Hanoi to Step up the fighting
as the election gets closer:
Intelligence reports suggest
that fighting on all fronts will
be combined with guerrilla ac-
tivity in the rear to create tun. Mr. Nixon figured, the North
moil in South Vietnam and to Vietnamese would be com-
pelled to come -to terms. He
was willing to offer terms, in-
deed, that he thought Hanoi
would find hard to turn down.
Reaching Moscow and Pe-
king took longer and the di-
plomacy was more sophisti-
cated than the President had
anticipated. But a month ago,
it looked as if the scenario
would turn out largely as he
had foreseen.
He pressed for a cease-fire
and the release of American
prisoners. In return, he prom-
ised that the United States
would cease all military activ-
ity, withdraw from Vietnam
and leave it to the Vietnamese
ultimately to settle their own
affairs. He also made the
point that he would be easier
to deal with before his re-elec-
tion than afterward.
Subsequently, the White
House learned that both Mos-
cow and Peking had advised
Hanoi that Mr. Nixon would
;to appeal over Hanoi's head to be re-elected and, therefore,
Moscow and Peking. He hoped
to sit down separately with
Russian and Chinese leaders
for some straight talk. He
thought he could persuade
them that U.S. friendship
could be more valuable to
them than Hanoi's favor.
Without the support of their
two great Communist allies,
undermine confidence in the
Saigon government. But the
real Communist aim, in Mr.
Nixon's Opinion, is to give the
American voters the impres-
sion he can't end the war.
From sources close to the
President, we have been told
of his bitter disappointment
over Hanoi's refusal to accept
a. cease-fire. He has responded
with Cold War rhetoric, which
he feels is the best political
defense against the expected
North Vietnamese offensive.
But he .would prefer to cam-
paign as a peacemaker.
The story of his diplomatic-
military maneuvering to settle
the war began four years ago
with his. campaign promise of
a "secret plan" to end the war.
This was greeted with derision
by Democrats and skepticism
by others. But those privy to
the President's strategy assure
us that he not only had .a "se-
cret plan" but that it has come
close to succeeding.
Nixon's Secret Plan
His "secret plan" simply was
?
STATI NTL
. Vie 17-1
et 41,1
? ?
that serious negotiations
should be resumed. This led to
the secret talks between
Henry Kissinger and Le Due
Tho.
The word from Moscow and
Peking was so optimistic that
the President felt sure he
would get a cease-fire. Presi-
dent Thieu, for his part, even
agreed to step down and per-
mit an internationally super-
vised election in South Viet-
nam. But the negotiations
broke down over the question
of who would control the in-
terim government. ?
President Nixon had ex-
pected to be able to tell the
.Republican convention last
month how he had kept his?
end-the-war pledge. Instead,
he 'returned 'to Cold War rhet-
oric in his acceptance speech,
promising not to "betray our
ailies" nor to "stain the honor
of the United States."
Washington Whirl
Secret Rays?CIA officials
were intrigued over the Soviet
charge that the Americans
used mysterious rays and
chemicals to defeat Russia's
Boris Spassky, the defending
world chess champion. A thor-
ough examination of the chess
area, of course, producedino
trace of hidden rays or chemi-
cals. But- the CIA men suspect
that the Soviets were holler-
, ?
ing about a technique that
they, in fact, use. Back in the
1960s, U.S. security. men dis-
covered that strange micro-
wave impulses, some steady,
some pulsating, were 'directed
into our Moscow embassy
from a neighboring building.
A CIA investigation turned up
Russian medical literature,
suggesting that microwaves
can cause nervous tension, ir-
ritability, even disorders. A se-
cret study produced no conclu-
sive evidence, however, that
the mysterious microwaves
had any serious effect uPen
our embassy people.
Curious Coincidence?State
highway officials arc required
by law to submit reports to
the federal government 'ex-
plaining how their road proj-
ects will affect the environ-
ment. Two Washington, D.C.
scientists have discovered,
however, that the highway of-
ficials care so little about
their reports that they copy
whole sections word-for-word
from their colleagues across
the 'country. Drs. James Sulli-
van and Paul Montgomery of
the Center for Science in the
Public Interest found identical
sentences being used by high-
way engineers in Reading, Pa.;
Waterloo, Iowa; St. Louis,
Mo.; Omaha, Neb.; Philadel-
phia; Gadse n, Ala.; Tulsa,
Okla., and Chesapeake, Va. - ?
:
Approved For Release 2001/03/04 : CIA-RDP80-01601R000800310001-2
It tiLAYrOL
Releasle62001/M04 : CIA-RDP80-01
U.S. Said to Break All of Soviet's Codes
By BENJAMIN WELLES
Special to The New York Times
WASHINGTON, July 15?The
United States is reported to
.have refined its electronics in-
telligence techniques to the
point where it can break Soviet
codes, listen to and understand
,Soviet communications and
coding systems and keep track
01/-?11INIL
the United States has encircledj Sciyuz 1 crashed on Soviet
the Communist world with ati territory on April 25, 1967, and
least 2,000 electronic listening Mr. Komarov was killed. He .was
was posthumously granted a
posts on land or on naVal ves-i second Order of Hero of the
sels or aircraft. , Soviet Unoin and is buried in
United States electronically the Kremlin walls.
equipped aircraft, according to Mr. Peck also said that dur-
the article, are constantly pene- ing the 1967 Arab-Israeli war,
trating the air space of the the United States electronic in-
Soviet Union, China and other, telligence ship; ? the Liberty,
Communist countries to pro- was ordered near the Israeli
yoke and record their radar coast to intercept details of
Israeli military intentions.
The shin was attacked on
June 8, 1967, by Israeli jet air-
craft and torpedo boats?an
incident that cost 34 United
States dead and 75 wounded
and which President Lyndon B.
Johnson later described in his
book, "The Vintage ?Pint," as
a "heart-breaking episode." Be-
fore the attack, he said, the
Liberty learned that General
Moshe Dayan, the Israeli De-
fense Minister, intended to
order his forces on to Damas-
cus and Cairo.
and signal techniques to dc-'
of virtually every soviet jet yelop countermeasures against
I plane or missile-carrying sub- them.
'marine around the world. This claim has been chal-
leng,ed here by independent
"We're able to break every
Government intelligence ex-
code they've got," a former
Perts, who said that there have
analyst in the National Secu- been no authorized, as distinct
jrity Agency, one of the most! from inadvertent, violation of
secret of the Government's I Soviet or Chinese airspace by
many intelligence agencies, is' the United States since the U-2
quoted as saying in the August
tissue of Ramparts magazine,
which is publifhed by Noah's
flights of the early ninteen-
sixties. The experts said that
satellite photography has re-
placed aerial overflights, con-
I
Ark, Inc., 2054 University Ave-
nue, Berkeley, Calif. ceding, however, that United
States electronic intelligence
planes often fly along Commun-
. 'The former analyst, whose ist borders to provoke reaction
name was not given in the arti- and collect signals.
cle, was an Air Force staff ser- In the California interview,
which was recorded on tape,
geant who was discharged from Mr. Peck described his early
-military service in 1969 after life in Joplin, Mo., his enlist-
rthree years of overseas duty as ment in the Air Force in 1966
a communications traffic ana- when he was 20 years old,
lyst for the agency in turkey, his subsequent recruitment .by
West Gerniany and Indochina. the security. agen.t, his special-
Tells of Johnson Pressure
Mr. Peck stated that Presi-
dent Johnson then brought in-
tense pressure on Israel to halt
further troop movement and
warned Premier?Kosygin on the
"hot line" against what ap-
peared to be an imminent So-
viet airborne operation from
bases in Bulgaria against Israel.
Intelligence sources here said
lie uses the pseudonym of, ize training, is promotions they were unable to recall these
Winslow Peck in the article and his three years of duty details but a veteran of 30
overseas. He was discharged' years service in intelligence
-Some Corroboration Found in California in November, said of Mr. Peck: -
Mr. Peck, who is 25 }ears' 1969, and says he turned down "He's obviously familiar with
old, was recently interviewed) a
$10,000-a-year job offer N.S.A.?its organization, opera-
the New Central Intelligence Agen- ,tions and many of its tech-
, He decided instead, he says, iniqueS. But no sergeant in his
York Times in California. Ex-, to work to end the Vietnam early twenties would know how
tensive independent checking war, intelligence is handled at the
in Washington with sources in Tells of TV Monitoring White House level, what N.S.A.
material is used or discarded
were familiar with intelligence closures include a report that by the President or more than
*matters has resulted in the_cor- in 1967 during his duty in just the fringes about C.I.A.
and out of the Government who A highlight of Mr .Peck's dis-
roboration of many of his reve-
lations. But experts strongly
denied that the United States
had broken the sophisticated
codes of the Soviet Union or of
other foreign powers.
The national security agency
headquarters is at Fort Meade,
near Baltimore. It has nearly
Turkey the agency monitored operations.
a live Soviet television contact! During his year of duty in
between Premier Aleksei N.I Vietnam, from November, 1968,
Kosygin, who was in tears bid-1 to October, 1969, Mr. Peck,
ding an emotional farewell to said, he participated in airborne
the astronauts Vladimir M.
Komarov.
Mr, Komarov was then in
electronic sweeps in Thailand
in support of C.I.A. operations.
The C.I.A., he said, was using
orbit in the spacecraft Soyuz1 unmarked attack bombers
I, which was still two hours! flown by C.I.A. "spookies" and
from re-entry into the earth's based at Udorn to punish Meo
100,000 employes ?most of atmosphere. According to Mr. tribesmen who naci c a
them military personnel ? and Peck's account the astronaut with Thai Government troops
spends slightly less than $1- l''..11-3 just been informed ?by, over control of their traditional
billion a year. Unlike the Cen- braking parachutes designed to areas.
The United States depended
Soviet ground control thatt he.
tral Intelligence Agency, the on a friendly Thai Government
N.S.A.'s primary purpose is the bring his spacecraft safely tol for important air bases and
collection of information?most earth were malfunctioning and other facilities useful for the
of it through advanced tech- that there was no hope of Vietnam war, Mr. Peck noted,
nology ? but it rarely, if ever, 9FYing him' - - . - and thus was prepared to as-
tries to evaluate thhiFQ sign the C.I.A. surreptitiously
of the informatioElf
it.
...,The Ramparts article says that
d For Release 2001/0
Neither the N.S.A. nor the
CIA. would comment today.
Senior Government intelli-
gence officials who were shown
transcripts of the Peck inter-
view discounted parts of it but
corroborated others.
David Kahn, author of "The
Codebreakers," (published by
Macmillan in 1967) and a lead-
ing authority on cryptoanalysis,
said in a telephone interview,
that the Ramparts article "rep-
resents much new informationi
that rings true to me and seerns1
correct." However, he chal-
lenged some points, specifically
Mr. Peck's assertion that the
agency's experts are able to.
"break every Soviet code with
remarkable success."
Top-grade Soviet Foreign
Ministry code systeths "have
been unbreakable since the
nineteen thirties" Mr. Kahn,
said. He added that it was)
"highly unlikely that they have
switched to breakable codes."
Mr. Peck's contention that
"information gathered by N.S.A.
is complete" implies a false
importance, Mr. Kahn said. The
N.S.A. does, he said, "solve"
many nations' diplomatic Codes;
but -these are countries of the
third rank and provide only
"indirect clues to Communist
intentions."
Mr. Kahn noted that "what
we are doing in this field thei
Russians are doing and, eon-,
trary tot he Ramparts state-)
ment, they are very good."
He pointed out finally that
the "thrust of the article, that
the N.S.A. threatens peace, is
incorrect." '
"I believe that in the existing
world of two armed camps,"
Mr. Kahn said, "N.S.A. can pro-
vide more light, more truth?
and this can lead to better
evaluation of situations and so
to more realistic responses.
N.S.A. is not like the C.I.A.,
which can foment revolutions
and can indeed threaten peace."
The interview contains a
lengthy question-and-answer
passage that Mr. Peck con-
ceded, In his interview with
The -Times, was hurriedly pre-
pared at a?time when he was
"extremely rattled."
details of hitherto suspected
but obscure details of elec-
tronic eavesdropping around
he globe resulted, he said,
from opposition to the Vietnam
War and from a hope that
others doing similar clandes-
tine Government work would
"come forward and say what
they know. "He concedes that
Ihe
in
AreleAgtirsialedb*oPtlim
legal tangles.
STAT NTL
gtontintue,;
DAILY WORLD
Approved For Release_20041410497CIA-RD
Tw.!eiv/avs.itlgat
-Radio Liberty, starring cnii-Sovisl finks
I
By ERIK BERT
"One of the most extraordinary
developments in recent years
within the Soviet Union has been
'he emergence within of samiz-
dat, that is, the private publica-
tion and circulation of one's own
works," the Library of Congress'
study of Radio Liberty says.
"Samizdat" has been lauded as
a cry for freedom from out the
Russian wasteland by the New
York Times, by "kremlinologists"
and by other exponents of free-
dom:
The reality is somewhat dif-
ferent, as the Library of Congress
study shows.
Radio Liberty?the Central In-
'telligence Agency broadcast di-
rected at the Soviet Union?has
become a main depository for
samizdat.
. Foreign correspondents are
"one of the majoi? channels of
the flow" of samizdat, according
to Peter Reddaway, a "Soviet
specialist" at the London School
of Economics. This has been evi-
dent in the dispatches of the
New York Times and other news-
paper correspondents.
In fact, "normally, samizdat...
documents are not sent specifi-
cally to RL from the Soviet
Union. Most documents have been
publicized elsewhere before RL
gets them."
The Library of Congress study
emphasizes by repetition how
important samizdat has become
in RL's anti-Soviet barrage and
how important RI, has become
for the dissemination of samiz-
dat. - . .
The study says:,
,
Samizdat is "presently the main
staple of RL's programming."
"RL has become a prime source
for uniting the disparate elements
of Soviet samizdat producers . . .
a disseminator of all forms of
samizdat from both the Russians
and the (Soviet) nationalities. . ."
It is a "prime transmitter of
samizdat."
Radio Liberty is a "prime bene-
ficiary of samizdat." '
In the past two years, the Lib-
rary of Congress study says, "the
amount of programming devoted
to samizdat has increaAtiptotved
tially," from four, hours per. tizdat which has been forwarded
month of "readings and discus- to it- ? " '?
sions of samizdat materials" to The CIA's Radio Liberty "is
58 hours per month in the first able to benefit from magnitizdat
quarter of 1971. In April 1971 by the multiple dissemination of
RL's "Russian language services its broadcasts." That is. RL broad-
devoted six hours per week of casts are, CIA hopes, taped in
its 36 hours of original program the Soviet Union and then passed
time" to this material, on for further dissemination.
Radio Liberty sees "intellectual Among those who have "made
dissenters" in the Soviet Union Among those who have 'made
as "an audience of importance it' on magnitizdat are Svetlana
which it has cultivated in a spe- Alliluyeva, Stalin's daughter
cial way." In Tact, Radio Liberty whose book "Tv; enty Letters to a
"has become the prime broadcast- Friend," on magnitizdat, was sell-
er of works by these intellectual ing "on the black market" for
dissenters." "from 70 to 120 rubles ($77 to
In the guise of a "public forum $132)?"
of free discussion, RL broadcasts
their thoughts and their works
back to the Soviet Union, thus en-
larging in geometric proportions
the potential area of interna-
tional circulation.
In fact, the CIA's Radio Liberty
has become "the principal source
for disseminating samizdat."
"RL has become a mean of in-
ternalizing sainizdat and also a
means of communication among
all Soviet people." '
That is, Radio Liberty has be-
come a means for directing to
--r7v
The Library of Congress presents
samizdat as a "form of self-libe-
ralization." encouragement of
"rational thought," "the enemy
of Stalinism." "extending the
'horizon of thinking,' " represent-
ing the "maturation Of democra-
tic ideas within the context of
the Soviet system," a "stimulant
to independent thinking," the
"nascent expression of a genuine-
ly, democratically formed public
STATI NTL
opinion," asking "basic questions
Only one thing is missing.
That this is the arsenal of Ra
dio Liberty, prepared by the Cen
tral Intelligence Agency, for sub
orning treason in the Soviet Union
for preparing the overthrow of
, the socialist Soviet system.
Radio Liberty seeks to incik
nationalist anti-Soviet sentiments:
purporting to record the "con-
cerns of the nationalities." ?
"Inercasing attention has been
given to the broadcasting of sa-
mizdat material in the Nationali-
ties Service." the Library of Con-
gress reports. It cites broadcasts
in the Ukrainian. Karachai, Osse-
tian and Avar languages.
.Some productions are run in
lob. Thus Solzhenitzyn's "First
Circle" was broadcast in 30-min-
ute segments, three days a week
over a five-month period.
? (To be continued)
the Soviet Union the productions
of Soviet citizens which serve its ;
dissentious, anti-socialist pur-
poses. Samizdat is a vehicle in
that communications chain.
The problem as the CIA sees it
is to "maximize the use of the
(samizdat) documents in achiev-
ing RL's goals and purposes."
That should be plain enough
for arty Soviet "dissenter" whose ,
works find their way' into the ;
_arsenal of Radio Liberty. .;
Edward van der Rhocr, direc-
tor of. Radio Liberty's Program'
Policy Division says "samizda0-
has opened up a new dimension!.
l/,/to RL's activity."
The most recent "phenomenon:1fr/. ?:?,/ '
in the Soviet dissident move-',.>-%
merit,' the Library of Congress:4:..?
study reports, is the "new form
of samizdat called 'magnitizdat'
. . . a technique of tape record-
ing . . . of dissident material and
circulating it within a group of
friends."
Herethe CIA steps in.
Fzde- L b4- booti
?
R000800311MV-2.c
Approved For Refe iW03/04 : CIA-RDP8
Telfririe,aejaf,Ase? 27 JUN 1972
qr, re,gerr.
illa ,27Mai/acsI,re ern a
NI.
By ERIK BERT
ligence Agency and other entreete a PA OS C
/ 'The efforts of the Central Intel- cm, IR), kn ?Plif-;1011.9e,"
peeneurs in anti-Soviet espionage
are reflected in a wide variety of
productions. The most recent
emission in the effort to suborn
anti-socialist treason in the Soviet
Union is far-off in right field,
practically out of the ball park.
The New York Times carried on
June 20 a lengthy Moscow dis-
patch from Theodore JShabad
about an "underground appeal
circulating in Moscow" which
"calls on RUssians to strike and
to demonstrate for better living
conditions, as the Poles success-
/ fully did in 1970.'!
4 The following day, Charlotte
Saikowski, of the Christian Science
Monitor, reported from Moscow
on the same document.
The'document has a funny smell
about it, Miss Saikowski says.
tini !lopped'
ment or they don't count the same Shabad, that "a privileged class iet Union. The attack is oblique
way. is living at the expense of the assaulting the CPSU by praisin
Shabad quotes from his full- workers and that a costly foreign- the actions of the Polish Unite
length copy: aid program is hurting Soviet Workers Party, the Communis
"The typewritten document,"I' citizens." . party-of Poland.
Shabad says, "charges that the Such charges "have been made This is an application of th
national wealth is being squander- by dissidents before," Shabad technique of "cross reporting'
ed both on a life of luxury among says. They "were made for ex- which the CIA uses in its Radi
the privileged and on foreign aid ample, by Dr. Andrei D. Sakhar- Free Europe operations. .
for political purposes. ? ov, the physicist in the widely "Cross reporting" means, 1
"It paints economic conditions circulated critique of Soviet poli- practice, citing "good" action
in dark ternis, comparing them cy known as 'Progress, Coexist- of one Communist Party or soc
with the greater affluence in the ence and Intellectual Freedom'." ialist government, against th
West..." . It should be pointed out that the Communist Party and socialis
The document cites a rise in dissemination of the Sakharov government of the country t
Soviet meat and butter prices 10 document, "which reached the which the RFE broadcast i
years ago, to prove how miser- West in 1968," was a project in directed.
able the workers' conditions are. which both the New York Times The document resorts to anot
It adds that "over the last 10 years and the Central Intelligence er "cross-reporting" tactic use
there have been. ..'concealed Agency participated. by the CIA: contrasting the situa
price rises...through changes in ' The Times published the docu- Cion in a socialist country wit
"Political observers are some- product assortment, reductions in ment in 1968, and republished it the situation in the capitalis
'. it
what wary of this latest burst... quality and relabeling."
because the pamphlet is a curious This violates the CIA admoni-e/wice, in book form. West. However, the la test docu"
The Sakharov work has been ment uses this tactic in such
' blend of knowledge of the West on tion that subversion cannot used by the Central Intelligence way as to make even Shabad an
the one hand and exaggeration and flourish on charges that r u n Agency, through Radio Liberty, Miss Saikowski blush for the in
sometimes ; inaccurate informa- counter to the experience of the as one of the entrees on its menu credible stupidity of the authors.
tion on the other." : person addressed. of anti-socialist broadcasting to The document says that th
That did not prevent her from . Shabad faults the present docu- the Soviet Union. -number of unemployed in th
. presenting it in her first sentence ment on this count. The "dissidents" single out West does not exceed 2 to 4 per
as genuine, or the Christian The document' makes "virtu- Soviet aid to North Vietnam, to cent of the labor force."
Science Monitor from titling her ally no allowance for the improve- socialist Cuba, and to the Arab To maintain her own credibilit
piece, "Soviet thumb fails to muf- ment in the living conditions of nations for attack. Miss Saikowski points out, in refit
fle dissident voice." That's pretty the average citizen that has -These targets coincide with tation, that "unemployment i
strong for what is a particularly been evident to casual observ- those of U.S.imperialism, of the
_ the United States has exceede
Inept product. ers in recent years," he says. Central Intelligence Agency and six percent in recent months."
Somebody told both Shabad and Miss Saikowski makes the same the New York Times. Normally, the CIA is too sophi
Miss Saikowski that as many as a point. Shabad deduces from .the fact ticated to broadcast such thing ,
thousand copies were said to have "There is...no...mention of that the document is couched in as tae ? 2-to-4-percent figure eve
been distributed. the noticeable improvement in 'what he calls "unusually blunt, Radio Liberty, for all . the worl.
The "typewritten document," Soviet living standards in recent aggressive language," that it is knows that the minimum rate o
Shabad says, was "reportedly years," she says. "plainly directed at the average unemployment in the U.S. is 5.
stuffed into mail boxes of selected In view of these obvious' false- workingman." percent, that the rate of Blac
apartment buildings earlier this hoods, it is a "moot question" to Whatever the intentions, the unemployed is twice that of white
month." her as to whether "the pamphlet document is an incredible product. and that the rate of youth, ens)
Copies of the statement "have wouiu appeal to the ordinary Soy- It violates all of the rules which especially of Black and Chicani
been available to Western news- iet worker," to whom it s alleged- the Central Intelligence Agency youth unemployment is severe
mm'," and by them, including ly addressed, has set down for its Soviet-direct- times the average for all workers.;
Sha':eid and Miss Saikowski, to the She cites also, as a very dubious ed Radio Liberty broadcasts.
world. venture, the document's attempt It talks of the "Kremlin rulers," It almost sounds as though some
The document exists in three to put the Soviet `state capital- in the jargon of Western "K rem-
other gang were trying to rear
versions, according to Shabad, a ism" on a par with "Hitler's linologists." It talks, also, of where CIA has tried to sow for sc
"short version of 200 words, a socialism." "Kremlinites," a newly invented long. Or, that this is a new CIA
more detailed version of 600 Words That "would certainly draw epithet in "Kremlinology." tactic, with its sights set on work
and a full-length version of the ire of deeply patriotic Soviet The document calls for strikes ers, in contrast to the "rational',
approach it has taken in its ef forte:
_. 1,200 words." ? citizens," she says. nd demonstrations. The goals of
It's hard to know what's going The CIA has cautioned particu these struggles are depicted as to subvert intellectuals.
- on, for Miss Saikowski says the larly. that Radio Liberty should defense of socialism and the ad-
document, which she calls a refrain from such stupidity, vance to Communism, "free-
"pamphlet", runs "in its fullest whick_faecisi--Minkel,sayele4- "free-
dom of speech, of the press, of
version (to) 1,500 ApprOMOICirEOritgaliMfil Affabil/N.:3/U :ta h4giREINI64111301 R000800310001,2
she and Shabad have different The two basic changes in the dom and democracy."
versions of the complete docu-document are, according to The actual target however is
13,1 rt Is nf th' SnV.
? . STATINTL
? Approved For Releast401-KM/OWFCIA-RDP80-01
10 MAY 1912
-
The Washington Merry-Go-Round
raintvash' Attempt by Russia. iris.
By Jack Anderson
, -Hidden in the Central Intel-
ti ligen_ce Agency's/ most secret
files is an account of a possi-
ble Soviet attempt to "brain-
wash" our embassy personnel
in Moscow with mysterious
microwaves.
The fantastic details are
contained in a file marked
"Operation Pandora," which
describes how the Russians
bombarded our embassy with
eerie, low-radiation impulses.
Their secret intent, it was sus-
pected, may have been to alter
the personalities . of our diplo-
mats.
'The bizarre story began in
1945 when a Russian pres-
ented Averell Harriman, then
our ambassador, with a hand-
some carved' Great Seal of the
'United States. Harriman
proudly hung it in the em-
bassy.
?. The seal contained a tiny
electronic eavesdropping de-
vice, which monitored conver-
sations inside the embassy
until 1952, when, it was de-
tected. From this shocking dis-
covery came urgent orders
that all embassies must be pe-
riodically checked for elec-
tronic signals.
In the '60, U.S. security men
discovered the strange micro-
wave impulses, . some steady,
some pulsating, directed into
our Moscow embassy from a
neighboring building.
The CIA quickly learned
that Russian medical litera-
ture suggested microwaves
can cause nervous tension, ir- own laboratory.
ritablility, even disorders.
They speculated that the Rus-
sians were trying to drive
American diplomats stir crazy
with the waves.
Neither the Cia nor the
State Department had the f a-
dlities to test the effects of
the silent rays on human
beings. At the Pentagon, how-
ever, the super-secret Ad-
vanced Research Project had
worked on electronic sensors
and other weird projects.
The agency quietly began a
study, under the direction of
Richard Cesaro, into the ef-
fects of microwaves on people.
Cesaro gave the project the
code name, "Operation Pan-
dora," and called in a physi-
cian, Dr. Herb Pollack, and
two crack military scientists,
Dr. Joseph Sharp of Walter
Reed Army hospital, and engi-
neer-microwave expert Mark
Grove of the Air Force.
Sharp and Grove, supplied
with the microwave data moni-
tored in the embassy, dupli-
cated the embassy environ-
ment, using monkeys for dip-
lomats. ?
The monkeys actually were
trained to perform tasks and
then were rewarded with food,
much as embassy employees
might be rewarded with a dry
martini at the end of the day.
The monkeys were studied
night and day for months at
Walter Reed, while a collat-
eral experiment was con-
ducted on rabbits by consult-
ant Dr. Milton Zaret in his
? :
In the embassy in Moscow,
meanwhile, no one except the
highest diplomats and security
men were aware of the secret
microwave drama.
By 1967, the scientists felt
they had watcned the monkeys
long enough for a tentative
reading. Some felt there were
signs of "aberrant behavior"
caused by the microwaves, but
the msajority ,d1sagreed. Only
the rabbits showed clear
changes?in their heart rate?
which Zaret attributed to heat
from the rays.
The disagreement on psy-
chological changes were sent
to a top secret reviewing
board, which also could reach
no absolute .conclusion that
the rays affected the monkeys'
minds.
Nevertheless, the suspicion
lingered, and the White House
decided that even if the micro-
waves were not "brainwash-
ing" embassy people, they
should be halted. It was also
suspected that the waves
might be part of some radical
new surveillance technique. .
? At the June 1967 Glassboro
meeting between president
Lyndon Johnson and Soviet
Primier Aleksei Kosygin, the
question of the microwave
rays came up. One informant
insists Johnson personally
asked Kosygin to end the ray
bombardment, although other
sources say the request was
made at a lower level.
By 1968, most of Cesaro's
scientists were convinced that
the microwaves were not psy-
chologically harmful and the
embassy experiments ended In
early. 1969. ,
The brilliant work done by
the team, however, has now
led to important research on
the effects of microwaves. So
far, tests show high radiation
can injure eyes, genital organs
and perhaps .other parts of the
body. But, as yet, there is no:
conclusive proof that low-level
radiation is harmful.
Footnote: We have spoken
with Cesaro, Pollack, Sharp,
Zaret and Grove. All acknowl-
edged they worked on "Opera-
tion Pandora," but all refuse
to go into details. As Sharp
put it: "Pandora was classified
in those days and still is."
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STATI NTL
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Bucinatoi?' May 1972
COUNTERFEIT NEWS
Howard Hughes, Nikita Khrushchev, and the perils of secret journalism
AsI_D SO CLIFFORD IRVING, a name
hardly known a year ago, has
now established himself as one of the
great confidence tricksters of the cen-
tury. In the nature of the case, such
success is failure?or is it?
As the glorious brass of the Howard
Hughes hoax began to glimmer
through the steam that swirls in the
corridors of the Time-Life Building
these days, somebody of unusual de-
tachment compared Irving's Hughes
to Han Van Meegeren's Vermeers.
The comparison bit deeper than in-
tended, a broadax that sank the sap-
ling and then the logger's foot. The
money? Meegeren sold his eight fake
Vermeers, one to Hermann Goering,
for millions; Irving got McGraw-Hill,
Life, Dell, and Book-of-the-Month to
commit something like $2 million
(estimates yary ) of which about
$750,000 was actually paid over. Our
fashionable confusion about defini-
tions is titillated: does a picture, when
proved a fake, remain art? Is a forged
biography literature?
In the dark interior of every con
game is the ambiguous tender rela-
tion between swindler and victim,
where the victim so desperately wants
to keep on believing, while the swin-
dler must ever struggle against the
mutinous impulse to be honest, par-
ticularly since honesty would so
gratify the dwarfed creative ego that
wants its talent and daring recognized
at last. Meegeren forged his first Ver-
meer to prove himself more than a
mediocre painter; after the war, self-
exposure became a necessity when he
painted a ninth fake in a Dutch court-
room to prove himself innocent of col-
laborating with the enemy by selling
the one that went to Goering. Can a
con be aid and comfort? Does a
pirated manuscript remain a commer-
cial enterprise? Should creative fak-
ery be discouraged at all?for is there
not about such an objet non retrouve
the same curious aspect John Kenneth
Galbraith once perceived in the un-
discovered em
net increase
That must have been true for the
Belgian museum expert who still in-
sisted, years after Meegeren's confes-
sion, that two of the disputed Ver-
meers were genuine. And weeks after
Irving was exposed, there was a wist-
ful touch of the same reluctance to.
grow psychically poorer, in the way
Harold McGraw, while saying that his
company was fully insured against
losses through fraud, still acknowl-
edged a lingering hope that something
of the manuscript was salvageable.
Vermeer being dead suggests only
that hell may not, after all, be other
people but counterfeits of oneself.
Hughes, though, was widely thought
to be alive, so what Irving could have
dreamed he would gain remains a
mystery, despite Time's devoting half
a rueful cover story to his childhood.
In the nature of the case, such spec-
tacular failure is success.
McGraw-Hill's lust to believe was
as pathetic as the little old lady's who
sells all her AT&T to invest in the
Ponce de Leon Water Resources De-
velopment Corp. The motives around
Life were more complex. Time Inc.
is evidently establishing a new cate-
gory of news, to be called secret
journalism. Of course, once Hughes
staged his conference phone call to
six reporters in Los Angeles, secret
journalism began to shed cloaks and
veils and ostrich plumes; Time and
Life managed to stay a day or so
ahead of the New York Times in
chronicling their own inside story.
The fevered mood of the weeks and
months before, though, has hardly
been conveyed.
Secret journalism evidently sup-
presses taste. Irving's Hughes was
pastiche so thick it had lumps, some
of it apparently lifted right out of the
Time Inc. morgue. Yet Life's manag-
ing editor, Ralph Graves, could write
after the fact that "It was marvelous
stuff.. .. Even the boring parts were
persuasive." The seeming appetite to
be swindled could gulp down Irving's
insistence that Hughes, though he had
authorized the autobiography, was
yet so publicity-shy he could not be
approached independently. Then Irv-
ing suddenly claimed Hughes would
switch publishers if his fee were not
boosted to S650,000;. far from scaring
off the fish, that twitch set the hook?
and proved Irving. a master of the au-
thentic psychology of the bogus.
"Senor de Leon is not really sure he
wants to sell, he's feeling younger
every day."
Secret journalism certainly sup-
presses ordinary caution. "That a big
news organization with the resources
of Life should fall for it surprises me,"
the New York Times quoted the presi-
dent of Random House as saying,
again after the fact. "They should
have checked it out." When on
December 7, Life and McGraw-Hill at
last announced their publishing coup,
it was news to almost everyone at
Time Inc., news to the one man best
qualified to check it out?Frank Mc-
Culloch, chief of Time's New York
bureau, a brilliant hard-news investi-
gator, a friend of Hughes, the last
journalist known to have interviewed
him. McCulloch himself had once
drawn back at the brink of signing a
contract to write a book about
Hughes. On December 14, McCulloch
received an invitation that has since
become famous: would he take a
phone call from Howard Hughes.
What journalist wouldn't? McCulloch
checked upstairs, in the high-ceil-
inged, wood-paneled hush of fft..
thirty-fourth floor, "the zeppelin
hangar." By the time he was back to
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2 8 MAR -1972
he Samovar Papers
By RUSSELL BAKER
WASHINGTON, March 27?Profes-
sor Kissinger, who has been arrang-
ing President Nixon's visit to the
Soviet Union, has run into a samovar
problem with the Kremlin leaders.
The difficulty arises from the Presi?
dent's desire to make his televised ap-
pearances in Russia just as diverting
as his recent appearances from China.
In Peking, one of the great moments
occurred at a state banquet when the
President surprised the television audi-
ence by eating his dinner with chop-
sticks.
The President does not want the So.-
viet leaders to feel that he has
slighted them. He wants to assure
them of equal banqueting surprise
time on television. For this reason he
has been practicing hard on the sam-
ovar for the past month.
His plan, which Professor Kissinger
put to the Russians, was to preside at
a big samovar during a great banquet
in the Kremlin and produce the tea
for the entire assemblage.
The President has, in fact, become
so proficient on the samovar that
among the press releases already com-
posed for release during his May visit
to Moscow is one which begins, "Pres-
ident Nixon last night became the first
American President to make tea from
a samovar in the Kremlin. . . ." ?
That press release will probay
have to be scrapped. The Russians,
though insisting that they are willing
to go to great lengths to make the trip
a success, say they have polled the
members of the Central Committee
and found that 82 per cent want cof-
fee instead of tea after dinner.
They say it would be a gross provo-
cation for the President to ignore the
preference of the majority and concen-
trate his attention upon the out-of-step
few who want tea.
lithe PresideiA151100\9161dif
coffee, they have f Professor is-
singer, they will not object,
OBSERVER
Professor Kissinger hag inquired
whether the coffee could be made in
a samovar. The Soviet central ban-
queting collective has replied that it
takes years to learn to make a good
cup of coffee in a samovar. It would
be more practical, the White House
has been advised, for the President to,
leave the banqueting hall, go into the
kitchen and make the coffee in five
ten-gallon vats similar to those used
in American drugstores.
Excellent TV camera positions can
be arranged by the vats to provide
good angles of the, President turning
knobs and releasing steaming coffee.
Professor Kissinger has told the So-
viet leaders that this is not what the
President had in mind. He has ex-
plained that the President wants to
show that he is sufficiently interested
in Russian culture to master some as-
pect of it. The coffee vat, with its
poisonous brew, was purely American,
he protested.
The Kremlin said, in that case, may-
be the President would like to tend
bar during the cocktail hour. They
say the cocktail hour is an old Rus-
sian cultural tradition invented soon
after the discovery of vodka. The
President could master it very rapidly,
they said, with just a few hours prac-
tice, on some vodka and dry vermouth.
Naturally, Professor Kissinger said
no, and the samovar issue was left
unsettled while the Russians and the
professor argued about how small the
President's airport reception crowd
should be.
The Russians, who do not want to
be outdone by the Chinese, want the
welcoming crowd limited to seven
people. Professor Kissinger is asking
for billions, naturally; he is accus-
Re4efited2091,0131trafe.ntl*-R.
STATI NTL
The Russians say this is impossible
because their economy is booming so
magnificently that no more than
seven people can be spared from the
factories. Professor Kissinger has re-
plied that the United States will sup-
ply its own crowd, composed of
C.I.A. agents assigned to the Soviet
Union, if the Russians will promise not
to take their pictures. He awaits a So-
viet reply.
Leonid Brezhnev, the head Com-
munist, has personally intervened in
the samovar issue. If the President
wants to do something on television to
illustrate his mastery of some phase
of Russian culture; Mr. BrZzhnev has
suggested to Professor Kissinger, he
might learn to dance while in the
deep-knee-bend position. Mr. Brezhnev
says this would make for a smashing
TV finale to a Kremlin state banquet.
i Or, he has Su'ggesteci, the President
might like to wrestle a bear. It is not
known what President Nixon has de-
cided, but over the weekend bear
tracks were seen in the White House
Red Room.
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2 5 MAR 1972
Pogromist propaganda
For years, now, the New York Times, second only to
the Central Intelligence Agency, has incited Zionist senti-
ments among a section of Jews in the Soviet Union.
The main ideological plank of its program has been
the falsehood that in the Soviet Union Jews are discrimin-
ated against. It has sought to incite Soviet Jews to anti-
Soviet actions, to induce Jews to emigrate from the Soviet
Union to Israel,
. Nov it complains in a recent editorial ? commenting
on a speech by Leonid Brezhnev in Moscow ? that Brezh-
nev "takes no account of the general Arab suspicions about
what may be hidden behind the increased flow of Soviet
Jews allowed to migrate to Israel."
These are not "general Arab suspicions." They did
not flower in the Arab lands.
They have been manufactured in the New York Times
editorial offices on West 43 Street, in New York City.
Their purpose is to arouse chauvinist, anti-Semitic
elements among the Arabs in order to use them against the
Soviet Union.
The very Jews whom the New York Times and the CIA
have induced to quit their socialist homeland, and go to
Israel, are now- pointed to by the New York Times as the
most dangerous enemies of the Arabs ? because they are,
allegedly, Soviet agents.
At the end of its anti-Soviet road, we find the Times
inciting anti-Semitism against former Soviet Jews, finger-
ing them for whatever anti-Semites it can move into action.
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z FE BM
Samizdat, Meany and the
During the past couple of years the capitalist press,
especially the New York Times, has reported how Soviet
poets, writers, and scientists have resorted to "samizdat"
to get their words to the world.
Via "samizdat" ? self-publishing ? the beleaguered
intellectuals, through typewritten carbon copies, mimeo-
?graph, hectograph or other primitive publishing- means,
have bared their tortured souls, and have appealed to the
conscience of the world for support, or so the Times
claimed.
We now have the Library of Congress to thank for re-
moving the?v-eil from "samizdat."
Dr. Joseph G. Whelan, head of the Library of Con-
gress' anti-Soviet operations, revealed last week that the
"samizdat" business is a CIA operation.
The Library of Congress has been an 'unlikely source
for truth about The socialist world, devoted as it is to anti-
Sovietism.
However, when Senator William Fulbright, chairman
, of the Foreign Relations Committee, demanded that the
:U.S. quit funding Radio Liberty, a CIA operation in
Munich, West Germany, Whelan complained that this
would end the means of distributing "samizdat" in the
Soviet Union. This ;`movement will unquestionably re-
ceive a serious setback,' Whelan said.
The alleged cry for freedom from "SOviet intel-
lectuals" is thus revealed to be, as long suspected, just a
fink CIA operation. ?
It shares this distinction with Radio Free -Europe,
Radio Liberty, and the Assembly for Captive European
Nations. . .
? All have been fed out of the U.S. Treasury to incite?
subversion and rebellion against.socialism.
George Meany's complaint last weekend that the
ACEN's $250,000 a year payoff has been ended is one
more token of the fact that his heart belongs to the CIA, as
does his"foreign secretary," Jay Lovestone.
Meany's spiritual and other relations to the CIA are
of long standing. His opposition to the Soviet Union and-
socialism reflects his devotion to U.S. imperialism. That
devotion accounts for his unconscionable support of the
ravaging of Indochina by the U.S.
Meany's devotion to U.S. imperialism is betrayal of
the most elementary interests of the U.S. workers, is
enmity to the national liberation movement throughout
the world.
STAT I NTL
STAT I NTL
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_
STATI NTL
Approved For ReleausiliMSti
16 J.N. 1972
:s e
A forgotten
We are never told the name
two- Clocker ,,of a Politburo member - ,...1..7
7,whose Urine sample was stolen
from a noted Viennese urologist . .
The Game of the Foxes
The Untold Story of German Espionage (here called T reft s) between agents; and pilfered docu-
In the United States and Great Britain ments, and sensational reports relayed to a "Nest" in
.. . ? . Hamburg known as "Axt X.".Before we are through we
'? * -- ' -.-.- are well steeped in what Farago himse calls "the-y
' - ? - r melodrama of espionage and its bizarre rituals." Every-
' * thing is scrupulously, not to say laboriously, documented,
- " ' ' '' down to the rast street number, date, and middle initial:
(Well, perhaps not everything. We are never told the
Reviewed by RICHARD HANSEFI . name of the Politboro member whose urine sample was
stolen by the CIA from the laboratory of "a noted Vien-
. nese urologist.") -
during World War IL
E3y Ladislas Farago.
McKay. 696 pp. 611.95
At the end, though, one wonders whether the game of
-- It does seem a little' late- in the day?doesn't it??fnr '-
foxes has been worth the candle. Despite the successes of
the international. spy_ to be ..dusted off and taken out for
Nazi espionage?sometimes detailed here with what can
another literary airing. With his codes and covers, and his
only be called misplaced erithusiasin?nothing really de-.
devilish -stratagems for, stealing the plans to the. fortifica-
cisive was accomplished. The theft of the Norden bomb-
tions, he may not yet be quite one with Nineveh and Tyre,
. sight did not win the air war for Germany. Stealing secrets
of Allied shipping and troop met-en-tents did not prevent
our troops and supplies from getting there, and in over-:
whehning quantities. Eavesdropping on Roosevelt and
Churchill, if it actually occurred, did not save Hitler and
Goering and Goebbels from dying like dogs in utter .de-
feat. As the Bible itself says, the little foxes spoil the vines
They do not bring down the house. - -
Farago's book is the outgrowth of a find he made "in a-
dark loft of the National Archives in Washington, D.C."
The find was a forgotten footlocker which turned .out to'
contain microfilm documents on the internal 'workings of
the Abwehr under its enigmatic chief, -Admiral Canaris.
Farago has based his story on what he calls "the incon-
trovertible evidence of the [Abwehr's] own papers.:
An agency's : own papers are seldom incontrovertible-
evidence. of anything but. the agency's natural desire to
Richard Hauser is the author of Putsch! How Hitler Made make itself look good. From other sources it is possible to'
&volution.
seen it as a monumentally fouled-up operation, inefficientIV -
in America and Britain- during \NW II, a field in which
run by Canaris (who may have been pouring sand in his'
Farago is thoroughly grounded. This is his sixth or sev-
own gas tank) and caught in an insane tangle of rivalries
enth book on spying, and.lie_has had Some rather special
with other Nazi intelligence agencies, of which there, was
experience at first hand in that curious endeavor. Though
a musbroom-like proliferation in the Third Reich.
a naturalized citizen, and a native of a country with which
There is, to be sure, a certain fascination in getting this
we were at war, he. rose high in U.S. Naval Intelligence,
unexpected peek into all those Streng Zeheint! papers
an exploit that not just. every immigrant who conies
from that forgotten footlocker, but the fun is .a good deal
through customs could duplicate. (It is perhaps not nee-
diminished by the circumstance that the Abwehr, like Geri,-
essary to.ex- plain that Farago comes from Hungary. Hun-
many itself, was 'a loSei. How Much thrill can there be in
garian-s;.as we know, have a knack.) kibitzing a poker hand, be it held ever so close to the vest,
The Caine of .Foxes tells .how agents of the Abwehr,
when somebodyelse wins the pot? It is 'a little like being :
the German Intelligence Service, pulled off such dazzling.
made privy to the football play book of 1971 Buffalo.
feats of cloaking and daggering as swiping: the Norden
eists64004/03/04 : CIA-RDP80-01601R000800310001-2
ington and Londo , . figtril0 Fars
line,. and The .like. We learn much, of. secret rendezvous
but he's getting there. Today he seems so quauttl) ? an
dimly World War II-ish that lie takes his place with the
intrepid commando, the gung-ho 'Marine, and Rosie the
Riveter?all cherishable elements of our folklore in their
time but now grown a touch fusty, somewhat stale around
the edges. The fictional 007 having long since become .a
ividesereen joke, it is a little hard to take US/7-362, his
honest-to-god counterpart, very seriously.
-.Ladislas Farago does, -though, and in no Jess than 696
pages of unrelenting prose. Your average writer can lead
It long, productive life without once using the word "spy-
master," but Farago uses it four times on one page, and
three of the four times in the same sentence. His book is
trumpeted on the cover -as "more exciting than any spy
thriller,":' which is a little puzzling, since the book in-
t a c uite different picture of the Abwehn Others have
dubitably is a spy thriller. Its area is German espionage ge I
bomb sight, trickliAwies into sensitilistr ots in Wash- Bills' -
STATI NTL
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2 JAN 1972
Defector Undefects
- At First, the Soviet Embassy car was'
found last October near Zebrugge, the
Belgian ferry port for Britain. Then,
a report that a Soviet military intelli-
gence major, Anatoly Chebotarev, 38,
had walked into the United States
-Embassy in Brussels, whence he was
whisked to Washington for interroga-
gation by the Central Intelligence
Agency. In Washington, the defector
reportedly "blew the cover" for 37 or
so Soviet agents in Belgium who had
been using supersensitive electronic
gear to eavesdrop on phone conversa-
tions at NATO headquarters. They
quickly left Belgium and Major Chebo-
tarev settled down to exile in the
United States.
But four days before Christmas, the
major met a top Soviet diplomat at
the State Department. After returning
to his Washington apartment, he
slipped away from his C.I.A. escort
and turned up in the Soviet Embassy.
Finally, last Sunday night aboard a
Soviet airliner, he returned to Moscow.
t Was his defection a Soviet ruse to
disrupt Western intelligence? If not,
why did he risk execution as a traitor
when he returned to Russia? Neither
the C.I.A. nor the Russian Embassy
was saying.
??
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- 3 I DEC 1971
SOVIET MENTAL HOSPITALS
STAT I NTL
The Government of loctor Caligari
BERTRAM D. WOLFE
The following is based upon an address delivered on De-,
cember 3, 1971 to a Conference on Literature and Politics
in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, held at Stanford
University, December 2-4, 1971, with the participation of
experts on East European Literature and Politics from many
countries.
AT THE SAME MOMENT that the address was being
-delivered, the same theme was being considered at a World
Psychiatric Association Congress being held in Mexico City.
The Congress was in receipt of appeals from such distin-
guished Soviet scientists as nuclear physicist Andrei Sak-
harov and such literary figures as Dmitri von Mohrenschildt,
editor of the Russian Review, as well as appeals from the
World Federation of Mental Health (which concluded its
congress in Hong Kong on November 25), the British Co-
lumbia Medical Association which, asked for a resolution
condemning the "unethical and anti-humanitarian activity"
of police-dominated psychiatrists in the USSR, the Van-
couver and the All-Canadian Psychiatric Associations, the
British Psychiatric Journal, and a group of archbishops of the
Russian Orthodox Church meeting outside the Soviet Union
to adopt their appeal against "the corrupt use of psychiatric
hospitals." Despite this pressure from the members of their
own profession, and shocked editorials in the Washington
Post, the New York Times, the London Times, L'Express,
the Swedish press and radio, and many other public and
scientific bodies, a secret conference of the World Psychi-
atric Association leaders on December 2, from which the
press was excluded, decided to refuse to show solidarity with
the police-pressed Russian psychiatrists compelled to violate
their Hippocratic Oath, and to leave the victims of the police
psychiatric methods without support from the psychiatrists
of the world?on the legalistic grounds that they might
alienate the Russian delegation (which contained more than
the usual quota of police psychiatrists) and on the further
ground that their constitution did not "provide the mecha-
nism" whereby attempts might be made to raise the stand-
ards of psychiatry among their sixty thousand members.
They even prohibited debate or discussion of the practice
complained against. How much cowardice, and how much
knavery was involved one cannot know, but it is significant
that around the conference in Mexico City, there were not
lacking men to approach the reporters with the explanation
that the suflerings of the KGB victims in insane asylums in
Russia was nothing but a sinister myth of the American CIA.
Indeed, Professor Andrei V. Snezhevsky, Chief Psychiatrist
of. the Soviet Ministry of Health and a reporter to the Con-
gress, did not hesitate to call 5 press conference in defiance
of the "no discussion" decision, in which he too charged
that painfully detailed stories of such men as Inures A.
Medvediev in his book, A Question of Madness, were noth-
ing but "a maneuver of the cold war carried out by the
hands of experts."
?BDW
IN 1955, with that remarkable nose
of his for sniffing every slightest change
in the breeze, Ilya Ehrenburg published
in this country his novel The Thaw.
Thereby he started a new trend among
those of our Soviet experts who belong
to the Candide school of Sovietology.
But I who have seen the great iceflows
crashing and breaking up in the spring
011 the Moscow River could see no re-
semblance between the freeing of the
frozen river and Ehrenburg's Thaw.
Hence, reviewing his book in the late
lamented New York Herald Tribune, I
commented that it looked like a thaw
on a ground of permafrost. The re-
cently published paper of Vera Dunham
on the "Stalinist Debris" that .still clut-
ters up the Moscow popular literary
scene painfully confirms my gloomy
view of the traWknik,
against the wishful UN&
burg and of the Candide school of So-
vietology. The Dunham paper, as now
made available to us, does not paint a
pleasant picture of the Moscow literary
scene at the close of 1971, but there is
no point in blaming a conscientious
messenger for bad tidings. Any com-
plaints should be addressed to the
proper party?and I mean party?and
to its grim yet faceless spokesman, Il-
yich II, who can properly be distin-
guished from Ilyich I Bolshoi [the great]
by granting him his proper title of
Ilyich Malenkii [the little].
When Stalin died, no one, ?I thought,
would ever be able to improve upon.
or add anything to his terrifying dis-
coveries in the art and science of con-
fession and torture. ? But now I must
recognize that though his lieutenants
have borrowed from his arsenal of tor-
octim9RelgeMfitngf"
very moderation they have invented a
new torment that in important respects
out-Stalins Stalin and out-Hitlers Hitler.
It is not part of the Stalinist debris
which Vera Dunham has examined,
and, in a sense, it even overshadows the
oft-asked question: "Are they restoring
Stalinism?"
SINCE IN the Soviet Union power is
knowledge and power over everything
is knowledge of everything, we must
trace this new invention back to Nikita
Sergeevich Khrushchev who, until Oc-
tober 16, 1964, knew everything fr9m
how a painter should paint, a milkmaid
milk, or a psychiatrist diagnose to how
an astronaut should find proof of athe-
ism among the stars. On March 10,
1963, we find him telling the readers
ii...:4451)81.-gglifovaileatbriklatno
cort 1,nued
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ri
? ?-:-It_t1
? ,6,,i.d -
. .
Spy .
_THAT th ire* In Iatern-.
.tional secrets is a horrible
businesi outrageously
:glamorized on television .and
in fiction.? Is bared again by
the Paris Implication that the
-French espionage apparatus
framed former agent Roger
de Louette into his recent
dope-smuggling arrest here to
get rid of him.
Television and fiction fea-
ture i'omen in their glamorization, of course.
This only compounds the nonsense. Espionage
?,apparatuses- seldom use women, the notable
'exceptions notwithstanding...
. ? . ?
Women are brought. in only occasionally as
'mere decoys. To cite a specific' case; there
;was tl* one involving Polish women under the
pontrol.or the Soviet KGB espionage apparatus
In Warsaw. All spoke English and were pro-
teges of one. Ursula Marie bischer, who had
Successfully entrapped tried-and-convicted for-
eign service officer Irwin N. Scarbeck of our
? Warsaw embassy. . . ?
.. ? . ,
These decoys cbrnPremised 10 U.S. embassy
Marine guards respensible for embassy securi-.
ty, the nightly locking of safes,- etc. This ex-
ample is typical. But, universally. 'espionage
-managers fear a woman may become emotion-
all
.
invOlved. ?. ? ?.? ? .-- ?
o .o. ?- . ?-? : ? ? -?! -
ACTUALLY, women are moreoften Involved
?? ?.?
In a reverse way. ?, .. ? .
- . -
?-? Not too long ago the wife of an AmeriCani
foreign service officer at a key post in Europe
made a trip to Moscow. KGB agents hiding in
her Moscova Hotel bedroom spurted her with,
an odorless gas which leaves one _unconscious
but otherwise unharmed. Undressing her, they
made her the victim of ghastly embarrassing
-photographs which used, to force her hus-
band to supply classified information. The hus-
band himself exposed-Ili-lite the State Depart-
inent, but it cost him his foreign service ca-
leer.
STATI NTL
?
Courtnev nor his comPanion liad any know":
. ?-. .? .. ? . ? ? ? ?? ? ? -
'edge of his untilon the floor of Parliament he
, ?
,urged the ckpulsion of a 'number of Soviet
? ? , .
sple.3 fre:it the?Soviet's ton.don.aMbassy. ?
? . ? . ? . . ?
? Within 24 hours the embarrassing p'nbtO-
-graphs reached selected .members of Fiarlia-
merit and one packetwas put under the doer'
of the Prime Minister's No: 10 Downing Street-,
residence.
-O. 0. ? .0 .
?1-1 ? ? : . _
THE prize ?--? and priceless Information
sought by anY espionage apparatus is: That
are the enemy's Intentions- and capabilities?
.This requires penetration at the decision7mak-
polick-Making levet. Thera are always
enemy agents Masquerading as friends and
colleagues of high government officials. Every
government Is penetrated by enemy agents.
.?Every intelligence service -- including ours
operates on the basic assumption that its Own
government is penetrated. The only question
Is: To what extent? J. .
, , ?
Similarly, the KEG photographed former
British Navy Cmdr. Anthony. Courtney, a
member of. Parliament, during a bedroom inti-
--Taney with a British woman In Moscow. Ex-,
rept ofor anorky mous thrqati,: _neither* Cmdg.
. -
...Former CIA chief Allen W. Dulles once stat-
..
ed that "the -Soviet had over. 40 high-level
agents in Washington during World V.Tar H. At
least that trian,y were uncovered: We don't
know how Many remained undetected."' ? '
_??
It would be inconceivable to any experienced
Intelligence manager in this horrible business
??. this falsely glamorized blend of terror and
-blackmail, ugly .and brutish ? that there are
any fewer secretly in place' in. WaShington.to-7..
day. ? .
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MY YOH TI:"'S
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STATINTL
World Psychia trists'Bar Coilderrina tioll of. Soviet
ened." The federation noted Union Was caused by the book
that some countries, especially HA Question of Madness," by
the Soviet Union, had been the
, , ..two Russians, pores A. Med-
subject of complaints.
A recent meeting of the Brit- vedev and his brother, Roy.
Ish Columbia Medical Associa- Prof. Andrei V. Snezhnevsky,
tion also expressed concern chief psychiatrist of the Soviet
over what it called "unethical Ministry of Health and a mem-
and antihumanitarian activity in her of the Russian delegation
the U.S.S.R." . f . at the Congress, granted an
Interview to' the Mexico City
C.I.A. Role Suspected newspaper Excelsior and re-.
Individual psychiatrists at the portedly called the' controversy
Mexico City congress also ex- "a maneuver of the cold war,
pressed concern, but many
By RICHARD SEVERO
- Epeeist to The New "York Times
MEXICO, CITY, Dec. 2?De-
spite an undercurrent of pres-
%ure from physicians and medi-
cal associations in various na-
tions, the World Psychiatric As-
sociation has apparently decid
that it cannot issue a statement
condemning the use of psy-
chiatry as a tool for political
repression.
? The impetus for drafting a
soatement had come from psy. problem" not within the pur-
chiatrists?principally in Caned view of the association. Some
said they felt that the existence
and the United States?who ex- of the association, which has a
pressed concern about the prac- membership of 60,000 psychi-
tice of psychiatry in the Soviet atrists in 76 cauntries, including
Union and reports that the the Soviet Union, would be in
Russians have placed individua
who disagreed politically with
the Government in mental insti-
tutions. .
. In a closed-door two-hour
,meeting last night, delegate's to
ith3 association's general as-
isembly agreed with virtually no
'debate that there was no pro-
icedural basis by which such a
!statement could be made.
Dr. Denis Leigh of England,
the secretary general, explained
.later that the association's con-
ltitution did not provide the'
mechanism by which one mem-
ber could complain against an-
other he added that, to the
best of his knowledge, no
ber had issued any public coin-
"" -
tended to see it as a "political carried out at the hands of ex"
perts." He delivered a paper
today but did not mention the
cantroversy.
jeopardy if the issue. were
forced. secretary genera!, said he had
Still others saw the question a "personal 'file on . human
as one created by the United , rights that I shall explore."
States Central Intelligence V Another delegate said, "I just
Agency for propaganda pus- know that this will be misinter-
poses. preted when it becomes pub-
Much of the present concern lie." He asked that hi $ name
over psychiatry. in the Soviet not be used. .
There were no Russians at
last night's meeting of the gen-
eral assembly. After it was
over, Dr. Leigh, who has served
five years of a 10-year-term as
plaints.
' Committee Is Rejected
1. The general assembly also de-
clined to support a proposal th
would have set up a committ
to set internationally accepted
standards of psychiatry.
' The association is eponsoring
The World Congress of Psy-
chiatry, now in session here. ?
' Before the congress convened
there were reports that in-
dividuals and groups would at-
tempt to make an issue of the
situation in the Soviet Union.
The World Federation of
Mental Health, meeting in Hong
Kong, adopted a resolution
Nov. 25 calling on its member
associations "to defend the in-
dividual's freedom of opinion"
when. "it appears to be threat-
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STATI NTL
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2 8 OCT 19 1
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STATI NTL
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22 OCT 1971
0,
t,
Nsk.
agoaosins.
The. alleged assassin of President Kennedy was si-
lenced forever, in cold blood;- the assassin of Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr., protesting he had been doublecrossed, is
walled up in prison as is the assassin of Senator Robert
Kennedy. In all three cases there is widespread convic-
tion that the truth has not been told about the assassins or
their sponsors:
? Furthermore, a conscious effort has been made ? in
the Warren report, in the various court proceedings ? to
obscure the fact that, whosoever's finger pulled the trig-
ger, behind the assassin was the figure of fascism.
Political assassination marked the rise of fascism in
Italy and Germany; it is a trademark of fascistic develop-
ment in the U.S.
? The aim of fascism is to resolve, the critical situation
in which U.S. capitalism finds itself by resort to totalitar-
ian rule; and by eliminating anyone who stands in the way.
The attempted assassination of personnel at the Sov-
iet United Nations Mission Wednesday night is part of
that program. ,.i ,
The attempted _ assassination has been preceded by
repeated violence against Soviet personnel and agencies
in New York, Washington, and Chicago. ? ,
The -would-be assassins were encouraged by .the do-
nothing policy of City Hall (Mayor Lindsay has been busy
for years running for President; and the police have been
busy running for graft). .
. It has been encouraged by the do-nothing policy of
Albany -(Governor Rockefeller was busy with Attica or
? his interests in Venezuela). ? -
It has been encouraged by the do-nothing policy of
the State Department and of all the federal police agencies.
- The assa:'7-iinatiop attempt against Soviet Mission
personnel was encouraged by the fake Soviet-spy Story.
handed out recently by the CIA in Washington, and cyn-
ically retailed to the world by the New York Times.
- The situation demands. urgently, a massive outcry of
protests and public demands that the perpetrators be
seized and prosecuted. Effective measures must be un-
dertaken to protect Soviet personnel in the U.S.
This is an essential part of the defense of democracy
in our country and the strengthening of peace in the
world. - ? "
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STATINTL
Approved For Release 41.9uo..i. NA: CIA-RDP8 1-2
21 OCT 1971
Sas; tents of peace
--A couple of weeks ago the New York Times cynically
published an obvious CIA handout implying that hundreds
of Soviet citizens attached to the United Nations in New
York were spies: This fc Rowed on the Tory government's
stupid provocation ordering the expulsion of? a hundred
Soviet citizens in Britain. Last week the Belgian r olice got
into the act, delivering to the Belgian government the
names of two or three dozen Soviet citizens alleged by
someone to be spies.
It all adds up to a large-scale provocation, with the
CIA and its British counterparts at the center of the opera-
tion.
- It is a transparent effort to counteract, by anti-Soviet
hysteria, the uncompromising drive for peace on the part
of the USSR.
This provocation gave heart in Canada to the Jewish .
Defense league-type of goons. to the fascistic Ukrainian
groups and renegade Hungarians, and others of the same
evil stripe, in their efforts to disrupt the peace and friend-
ship visit of Premier Alexei Kosygin. ? ?.
It is symbolic of the Soviet Unicn's enemies that they
include Canadian-Ukrainian progromists, Canadian-Hun-
garian "freedom" fascists, the JDL-type of anti-Semite,
and the CIA.
,
They reflect neither the people of Canada nor of the
U.S. The people cf both our nations are concerned with
preserving peace in the world. That is what this vile corn-
- bine seeks.to disrupt.
?
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1 OCT 1971
1/4111-ll 11111-
. OUTSIDE London's Marlborough
Street magistrates' court one morn-
ing last week, a throng of newsmen- wait-
ed impatiently. The object of their in-
.terest, an ostensibly minor Soviet trade
official named Oleg Lyalin, 34,. failed
to show up to answer the charges against
him?"driving while unfit through.
drink." He was resting instead in a Com-
fortable country house near London'
where, for the past several weeks, he
had been giving British intelligence a
complete rundown on local, Soviet es-
pionage operations. ? His., revelations
prompted the British government two
weeks ago. to carry out the most 'dras-
tic action ever undertaken in the West
against Soviet spies: the expulsion of
105 diplomats and other officials?near-
ly 20% of the 550 Russian officials
based in Britain.
. The case generated waves from Mos-
cow to Manhattan. As soon as Soviet
Party Leader Leonid Brezhnev returned
to .the Soviet capital from his three-
day visit.to Yugoslavia, he took the ex-
traordinary step of convening an enter-
gency meeting of the 15-man Politburo
right on the premiies of Vnukovo Air-
'port. The, high-level conference. yitich
forced a 24-hour delay of a state din-
ner in honor of India's visiting Premier
Indira Gandhi, might have dealt with
the still-mysterious goings-on in China.
But it might .also have dealt with the dif-
ficult problem of how the Kremlin
should react to the unprecedented Brit-
ish expulsions?a problem that Moscow,
.by 'week's end, had not yet solved.
Potato-Faced Fellows
In Manhattan, British Foreign Sec-
retary Sir Alec Douglas-Home spent
80 minutes with Soviet Foreign ,Min-
ister Andrei Grornyko. "We have taken
our action," said Sir Alec, "and that's
all there is to it." Nonetheless, he. em-
phasized that the British step was "de-
signed to remove an obstacle to good .
relations." Harrumphed Gromyko:
"That's a fine way to improve. rela- spy, particularly the representatives of
tions." He added that Moscow would the Komitet. Gosudarstvennoi Bezopast-
be forced to retaliate. But the British ap- nosti (KGB), the Soviet Committee for
parently knew of some spies among State Security, and the U.S. Central In-
the remaining 445 Russians in Britain. telligence Agency. "KGB men?" he
"Yes," said a Foreign Office man, "we sneers. "They're the potato-faced fellows
have retained second-strike capability." you see on trains in Eastern Europe
- . The British case dramatized the :ex- wearing suits that aren't quite right and
panse and expense of espionage activ- smelling too much of eau de cologne.
ity round the world. It was also a re- The CIA people all smell like after-
minder that the old spy business, which Shave lotion. They always look as if.
has received ,little attention in the past they are. on their way to some boring
-three or four years, is as intense?and sales conference for an unexciting prod-
? dirty?as ever, despite the rise of a - uct?and in a way, they are."
new type of operative. .Since World In one respect; Ambler is unfair
War lf, espionage has undergone a meta- ? and behind the times. The contemporary
morphosis. For a time, its stars were KGB man is generally far more pal-
the famed "illegl tirlidstwcbctiiiR4ud, niloosigag4ed, azii,450
Lonsdales, the Kim Philbys. Says Brit- manners than his counterpart of a
embassy operafions rather as a skilled ar-
mored thrust compares with human-
wave tactics in war." Moreover, the
growin2, phalanxes of routine operatives
are supported by spy-in-the-sky satellites
that can send back photographs show-
ing the precise diameter of a newly
dug missile silo. But even as the mod-
ern army still needs the foot soldier, so
does espionage still need the agent on
the ground. "A photograph may slow
you what a new plane looks like," says
a key intelligence expert, "but it won't
tell you what's inside those engines and
how they operate. For that you still
need someone to tell you."
Eric Ambler, author of Spy mysteries,
has little use for the new species of
77.7,1771
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
BBC FILM SHOWING SOVIET "DIPLOMAT" AT SECRET PICKUP POINT
There was still a roar in the old lion.
liberately, misleading, planted by de?
partments of "disinformation." .
It is work that occupies tens of thou-
/
sands of mathematicians and cryptog-
raphers, clerks and military analysts,
often with the most trivial-seeming tasks.
Yet it is work that no major natipn
feels it can afford to halt. Says a for-
/ mer British ambassador: "We all spy,
I/ of course, more or less. But the Rus- -
sians are rather busier at it than most.
They're more basic too: not so subtle
as our chaps. I like to think that we
. have a certain finesse in our methods
. ---.-that we don't go at the ,thing bull-
headed: But maybe our tasks are dif-
ferent from theirs, just because this coun-
try is so wide open." '
80-04604R000800840001as2the
question, in Eric Ambler's words: 'What
.on earth has the KGB got to spy on in
nr;th;n9 Wm would think 105 spies
agents?the Colon R P n gtslA
la:nP
ish So.victologist Robert- Conquest: ? few years ago. But Ambler is right in
.1 . _ Ittr?
Approved For Release 2001 R000
10 OCTOBER 1971
:juinwiluniiminililtillinurdiwinurir"mil1111111niutimir?4
. Fal
. 1:1
I 1 j
_.;?Q
:= o 1...J a "I"). ? ? 11
P. . ? 9 JTLULS61Lfl. ? il
:?:
Ls.. .
... ..
TiVillii ,,' ?401t.'iL3tteEliii,
.. if o I ? 0 =
?
--.? Li
.Never Fake _Fakers 1,
.
... -
*cot
? - NICHOLAS HORROCK
?
.. ? . ? .
_. News American?Newsweek Correspondent
- For half a century, the Americans and. the
Rutsians have been at one another's throats or,
occasionally, in one?another's arms. But one factor
In the relationship has remained constant ---.
? .
spymg. ?
. .
The espionage game never falters, and it is a.
contest that has yet to Produce a clear winner. The
U.S. spends mere money and has more scientific
equipment. But no one puts more agents in the
field than the reammotli ? Soviet espionage
establishment. ?
? Though 105 Soviet officials were recently
ejected from Britain because of spying activities,
the chief target of the Russian apparatus remains
the U.S.
There ate 214 Soviet ? citizens professionally
employed in Washington,' mostly at the Soviet
Embassy, and 419 in New York where they Ivork
at the UN and for commercial organizaticnis such
as Amterg, Intoueist and Aeroflot.-
, ?
U.S. OFFICIALS consider that about 50 per cent
of these Russians are engaged to greater or lesser
extent in espionage. Adding iii the non-working
dePendents Of these individuals, the total of Soviet
? citizens legally in the U.S. comes to about 1,250.
? ell is taken for granted that some of the wives
among these .dependents are also involved in 'es-
pionage. .
There are also short-term travelers, members of
commercial, cultural and even sports delegations.
These, too, are considered to have their. share of
pies.- ? ? '? ? e. ?
."We. do as a matter. of common 'sense make
certain assemptions-that Soviet officials who come
to the U.S. will attempt to take advantage of their
assigned responsibilities' to undertake extracur-
ricular activities," says State Department spokes-
man Robert McCloskey. ? ..?. . ?
-"That being so,. we will exercise-- care and at-
tempt to keep ourselves as well informed as we
possibly- can about any of these activities."
,
SPYING PAYS considerably more dividends' for.
a Soviet citizen than for, his counterpart In the
West. - . ?
?
On salary alone, the espiOnage agent starts his
career With an advantage: he is paid twice the
.wages of an engineer or a teacher and his Fay is
customarily doubled ? and his standard of living
notably improved -- when he is assigned overseas.?
?- "In the old days," says an Ameeican expert in
the field, "Soviet agents were rattler forbidding
characters, chosen for ideological purity as much
as 'for anything else. But that's been changing.
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"Now they're .getting a young- -recruit who's an-
xious to live ?abroad and enjoy the amenities of the
service life. They're probably less dedicated to the.,
Soviet ideology, more sophisticated, more aware
of what's going on in the world: In A sense, this
makes theni more challenging adversaries."
These adversaries are also considerably more
uprdly mobile than Western spies.' '
TII14. SOVIET espionage establishment Is a
direct; route to power in Russian life. It has huge
influence ? and sometimes dominance ? not only
in the political tile of the country but in the army
and even in important iihases of industry.
And the intelligence apparatus has first priority.
Any source, any person Can be approached for '
*id, and it iS a rare Soviet citizen who can refuse.
STATI NTL
In contrast, the FBI and the CIA are frequently /
rebuffed ? and sometimes insulted in the process
avhen they ask U.S. 'citizens' for information
about their trips abroad or about What they con-
sider :'anti-American" activities at 'home.: .
. ."When the Soviet intelligence man at an. em-
bassy, asks another department for a favor, e
everybody scrambles to Comply," says an Ameri:. ?
can intelligence officer rather wistfully.
"Vehea we ask the commerce Department or
someone to do something for us, as often as pot ,
they say they don't have the time:" ? .
' ?
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3 OCT 1971
'Clean Enibassy
for Kosy.in Visit
BY EUGENE GRIFFIN
Chief of Canada Bureau
? tchicact Tribune Press Service
OTTAWA, Ont., Oct 2?The
Russian embassy was condem-
ned as ugly when it was built
but will be. as attractive as
money can make it when Sovi-
et Premier Alexei. Kosygin ar-
rives here on Oct. 18 for a vis-
it.
A Contractor stimated that
the Russians are spending $20,-
000 or more on new furnish-
ings, fresh paint .and new
grass to transform their for-
b i d dl n g looking diplomatic
base into a thing of beauty.
- Foors Polished
oors are being sanded and
polished, walls painted, trees
pruned, shrubbery planted and
new sod is replacing old be-
hind the high iron fence that
encloses the grounds. A brick
wall aim shuts in a greenhouse
and garden where the Rus-
sians grow their own vegeta-
bles, including sweet corn.
Kosygin, the first Soviet pre-
mier to visit Canada, will tour
the country for a week after a
round of receptions in Ottawa
as the guest. of Prime Minister
Pierre Trudeau.
Soviet Ambassador Boris P.
Miroshnichenko, who lives in"
the embassy, has 31 officers on
his diplomatic staff. The Unit-
ed States as 34 officers at its
embassy of Renaissance style
architecture on Wellington
Street facing Parliament Hill.
The 'Russian Embassy was
built in 1956 at a cost of
$340,000 after fire destroyed
the former embassy, an old
mansion in the Sandy Hill dis-
Arid which the Soviet Union
bad purchased in 1942 from the
estate of an Ottawa lumber
baron. ? ?
A city. council building com-
mittee criticized plans for te
new embassy; a squarish,
three-storey structure,, as "dis-
appointing and dull." The Fed-
eral District Commission also
attacked the design, especially
2.0"0.19wagra
that the Russian building cre-
ated a monotonous and unhap-
py effect in its neighborhood.
. Both the old and new embas-
sies ave hbeen publicized as
spy centers, starting with the
exposure of the first Russian
spy ring in Canada in 1946 by
Igor Gouzenko, a cipher clerk
who defecled from the embas-
sy with a quantity 'of evidence.
On 1965, after Canada had ex-
pelled two Russian diplomats
because of espionage activities,
he Russian nespaper Ozvestia
said that tile new embassy had
been bugged by the U. S. Cen-
tral Intelligence Agency during
? its construction.
Tells U. S. Role
The paper said that an
American adviser had guided
Canadian intelligence opera-
tives in placing Abierican
in-
crophones in the walls of the
enibassy as it was built.
Various small anti-Commu-
nist demonstrations have taken
place outside the fence of the
embassy and abortive attempts
have been mad to bomb or
burn it. ?
The burning of the old em-
bassy, however, was consid-
ered accidental, originating
during a New Year's Eve par-
ty-
Security. is tight at the em-
bassy. Iron gates are seldom
open. When a Tribune reporter
took picture s of th embassy
from across the street, a man
appeared in the embassy door-
way to watch him. He was
soon joined by a second 'man,
who took the reporter's pic-
ture.
STATI NTL
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Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601RCW9M0AII001-2
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. '
CHRONICLE
M 480,233
Great Spy Roundup
NOT - EVEN IN SPY MOVIES at which the
British excel, can we recall a roundup of agents of
a foreign power to compare in numbers with last
"Week's denunciation by Britain of 105 Soviet espio-
nage agents. There is certainly no ground for ac-
cusing the British government of being half-
hearted about this; it is breathtaking in scale and
'will be the envy ad the Deuxieme
Bureaux of many another country, ao will be say-
ing, "I wish we'd done that." ' ?
The episode ha S much style, and it makes
Scotland .Yard look very knowledgeable and in:.
scrutable, as its men always- do in motion pictures
of this genre. We are happy, also, to learn that the
plot, as so far laid bare, brings in not merely a.
highly placed KGB defector, but also the inevitable
"big -Daimler limousine." In filling out the picture
of. Soviet villainy; the Associated Press has in-
formed us that this automobile, which is of course
the status symbol of royalty and supercapitalism,
was regularly used to drive one N. V. Nikitkin
from "fashionable Highgate," where he lives; to
the Narodny Bank in the city, where, it appears, he
worked at harboring spies as well as financing
East-West trade.'
IT: MAY BE OUT OF KEEPING for "us to
think lightly of. this British order expelling froni
England no fewer than 90 of the 550 Soviet per-
sons who are attached to their London Embassy:
Relations between London and Moscow have be-.
come rather strained and icy, as a result, and one
hardly welcomes that.
Still, a network of this size and character irre-
sistibly suggests that the Russians have been stum-
bling over each other redundantly, and as one gen-
tleman whose wisdom seems indeed ripe told the
413:
"If the Russians didn't insist on operating in?
iuch secret fashion, they could learn Much of what
hey want to know legitimately." It is a memorable
rah which cloak-and-dagger agencies habitually
.gnore._ _
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4
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- . BALTIMORE NEWS AtIMICAN.
28 snPrimez.R. 1971
B C.9.ilg,a63 5L7611,?g
? .--
.g
'Or Ellahr 1 geliall? COD 1.1-11'
?
1 ?
? ;Ily Chicago Sua-Thnes
WASHINGTON ? The Central
Intelligence Agency, has ? long
Seared the type of 'lass exposure
:that befell Soviet irdelligence in
Britain last week, a confidential
report disclosed Monday. ?-
The report shows Mat the CIA
? . his been trying for several years
. to shift its espionage operations
away from U. S. embassies and
offices to "unofficial cover" --
private organ Fz a.t ions and
(4..m Cr) Tru.
:t1 tj
?
businesses and "non-U. S. na-
tionals."
It acknowledges that tough
Russian security has forced the
CIA to collect intelligence on the
Sov!et Union through "third-
country" operations ? just as the
Russians apparently were seeking
intelligence on the United States
through its spy apparatus in
Britain.. .
THE REPORT, a copy of?which
,has been, obtained by The Chicago
STTINTL
? ? Tr-1
rvirivro?
,3
? ? '
STATINTL
Sun-limes, is based on a dis-
cuksion among several former
high-ranking intelligence officials
onducted by :the Council on
oreign Relations in New York on
Jan. S, 19.68.
Richard M. Bissell, forme).
deputy director of the CIA and
moderator'ot: the discussion, has
confirmed the authenticity of the
report, which is headed: "Con-
fidential: Not for 'publication.
Restricted to. group membees
only. Not to be quoted'or cited:"
?
THE PARTICIPANTS included
Allen Duties, the late director of
the CIA; Robert Amory Jr., a
former deputy director of the CIA;
Eugene Fubini, former assistant
cretary of defense in the area of STATI
electronic intelligence; Thomas I..
Hughes, former director of the
State Department's Bureau of In-
telligence and Research, and
Theodore Sorensen, special assis-
tant to president Kennedy.
Although the report does' not
identify the source of various opin-
ions ? and comments, Bissell' ap-
pears to have been the main con-
tributor. '
"If the agency is to . be effec-
tive," the repart deelarei at one
point, "it will have to make use of
privat4 institutions on an mond-
ing scale . . CIA's interface with;
the rest of the world needs to be
. better protected."
? '
THE REPORT calls for. Weeper
cover" and "increased attention to
.the use. of 'cut-cuts' " defin6d in a
footnote As '"projects backed by
the CIA wh'ch cannot' be traced
back to the CIA."
The report concedes that iliere
are "powerful reasons" for con-
cealing CIA agents within U. S.
embassies, principally to provide
safe means of communication to
Washington.
"Nonetheless," it goes on, "It is
ossible and desirable,' although.
iffieult and tinie-coauming, to
uild overseas in apparatus of
nofficia! cover. This would re-
uire the use or creation- of
rivate organizations, many of the
ersonnel of which would be non-
S. nationals, with freer entry
nto the local society and less im-
lieation for the official U. S. pos-
? . . ? .
THE REPORT suggested links*
,with U. S. corporations which.
could make tiler own lines' of
. communication available to CIA
agents. ' '
All 105 'of the Russian officials
. expelled by Britain last Friday
were under "official cover,"
'operating' out of the Soviet em-
? ybassy or trade mission. As such
they were much more susceptible
to British counterintelligence than
"unofficial cOver" agents such is?,
Approved For Release 2001/03/04 : CIA-RDP80-016010.15abini 61401'
Approved ,For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP
-ST ? LOUIS, MO. ?
POST?DISPATCH
E _ 326,376
S ? 541,868
rsrp 28 18.71?
r-,? ? 0
?
criN //77 7 7.70,7.4A
kt,ii cr, /7- L. I
STATI NTL
-
? deputy director for plans in the Centeal he
2
remained. Zoyal- and that -there "
is' some 2neans of communi-
catitg with him, simply cenries.
By MCI-IT:T..1D DUDI`,7.t_IN.T Imeiligence lisency, was an unusesie?
- . _ frank account ef U.S. cce,ert intell'genca: ,
Chief Weshiegeou Correepoutieet - operations in other countries.
,
of the PO4erbP=1.eh - - Ti-1 discussion f , one o
< . ? - E P totellkry.tnThueehcoefcsr?tsatzoucaeivlantnoc
- wAsHING,i-on, Sept. 23 conducted .by the Council on Fpreign Re- '
- ? , find out by recoenatesanee or
-1.ations on intelligence and forsege pc. ec ? ? ? ? ?
? as attended by fornler officials incite-Pre- fr-91)1'e9a3 f?"1-te'' are in' the
announced the expulsion secretary of the Treasury C. Douslas irdedees' c? -scientlets- and senior
. .
BY COINCIDENC)S, Grea t.
Britain :of 105 Soviet citizens accPsed of. len, former Cf!:birector Allen W. Der ???e-I? and are not ac-
'spying just as icirne r a el i c a I: . and " P sc e-r?- A, trj-3 3r7-fe?- ?-r ID -'an ordinary etiz.C1-'";'-11.?44.--;?-? 'e--,'"???e?"Miecile iartir." . e?3'
, . g ... , ... .
V.?,:... I.... . A it? 11
.10 ,.. . ' * ? . .?
!?.:-,Taluntins the varioite meana ;- ':17:1.? : Tii F. underdeveloped
de4cavcet intelligence *cone- '' iii6riti, on the. contrary, there
? --- it -
17:el, Tassell pid.-"reconnaiseanee i ? al71,..? . areatn .cpportralitie.; far
irliret ireportancei I' >tcame 1 oo?ert inte'dieeence collection."
.e...-ahmenicttlone end electronic i ,"Cdriorai-.1';-2-ds" aro riTilel Icss-I
- .
ii.:.:-...111gInce, primarily under- 1 highly oreenised; there ts
tlee.'en by. the tintionel securitk! sseetrity? cat:es:Tees-nista a a d
Finally, considerebly: then ir.:: apt 4,..-% ?:-.. ,-rmrl actual .
1:- ."..!??.?; the. Otheer -43-vb methods in i or -,Potentird difie ? ert? of reowee 1
eeeeteettes, tie .put 'classical" rt '.'?'-.0 nee- anti ? ..icceliti es, or
by glacial', ,. . ? ..40.311zattnnn'a.-....d'sreliviclitels-oet-:
i `-;??4-?(1.-etcill.-..ed the -.CoMmunisi-1 ride -of -the con t r a 1 g-67t:e-r?ri:i-
"etincl more specificelly. ' ments," the summary-said.
USETI---iteelf,"- asethe--"prime.ry - ? "The primary purpose 11 eire:
eargat for eepionnee activities" -,Pionage in thea areas is to
since the early litiies. 'provide VIashineton with tinielY
i "Cire?evinetaiscc3 have greatly 'ism/ledge of ;lie internal sewer
11mited the ecale of operations ,balatace, a form of intelligence
.1 feat could he unclertalien with- :that is primarily?of tactical sig-
'l 1) the bloc, so much of t'il3 of- 'nificance." ? ? ? " ?
; i',..rt -Imd been directed at bled i In order to predict a coup
friendly . areas, and at 'third d'e intelligence must penetrate tete; the summary said; 'U.S.
the ?
' itations etatiened in neutral or
eouritry' operations that seek to mililtary and other agencies and -
icse the nationals of other non- crgioizations in the country in
C o re en uni s t .countries as que'stion, reaching. junior affi-
rm/cm of information on the cers, nen - commissioned ?fa- ;
-I
?
scholars in Cambridge, Mass.,
. were circulating a r epo r t that
-thew ?scme light on American
;.-spy practices. ? '? ,.: ...e,--. :. -- .
The fit is that all major Co TI
1 l ? . . .
tries mamtam elaborate espion-
age hetwo:ts. . ? - .
- Some well informet Vestern observers
?
have been puzzled bs the British vehem-
ence in denouncing what is known to be
standard practice and has been thought to
t he more or less condoned by mutual un-
-/ derstanding.
?
- -
One possibleel:planet:on that has been
-put forward" has bmn that the recent
? defection by a high official of the KGB,
? 1 the Soviet secret police, provided an un-
1' usual Opportunity, lie gave -the British a.-
[gm
' list of Soviet espionage agents in Britain.
some observers corlecture 2.1so that the
-ernments of Britain and the United
States had been waitilg for an Opportuni-
tirie undercut growfug Western support-
lfor a European se.curky co.n-f erence :
which-the Communist Bloc countries hese" ?
been urging for several years:.
.. . .
? .- - -
IT WAS NOTED ?Britieh_ For:.
s_ Secretary, Sir A*.c Detzeles17.e.es,.:_ 1
Swiot. Fmeign
:Grimly:m that Sc.--,?!.:t5i,,spionage
?..frik way- cf.preperatlets fOr a et:rife:en
4rin Kurceeten security, -
-'...Secretary e State \7 am P.-.Rog
',sperking With ter at fee totted
"ItiOns Sabardas", went eta- step furtlscr. 3:e
?
said :that: Soviet eepfonage .astivitiss-
_ r'Britain must be haltee, before ea pr.2.-:
---?raten. of a security- ecnferetee
-peen sect corld bag !a. ? - I
told ro:nyl:c te--.7e leer 1
letters aboet efleets &Met ceeads'
-..pay 'brihes for cc:el:we:dal and reilaly
. information, to -obtain ende?ereeed co.a1
.modities and to candr.ct nabot.7.z,a
trols
" ' ?
The doe...tint:int et' ete" in We"
- rOitg
13. report 01 a pen?
? ?
f!oviet Bloc," the summary strf4.'"4.4r'r l:',?sze,'?!-r. and. others,. . .
: c:nnted Wm as saying.:
. : it. was saki. :, - ? -: -.,--
?i . . ,
- ? More *recently, he continued, ., DIESEL!, WAS floated as say-
Pliorities for classical esPlo- .ing that many such penetrations
given the same priority." would "h o a r i f Yclassici.sts of
oee" - by their dis-'
rules for recruiting agents.. . ?
regard of. the itrutdarde: and,
don't -take the form of 'hiring'
. pap have chiftecl toward tar-
gete-- in ? ? the underdeveloped covert peratio
. vsEV.11, but the USSR. remains '
a pima target" and. "Commu-
nist China would today be "Many of the 'penetrations'
- -e.-.e.
Xie surnmnry reported a gen- but of establishing a cleee or
eral conclusion that. espionage f r i ea dl y relationship (which
. vile. not a . primary retiree of may or ? may not be furthered
intonieence against the - Soviet by the peovision of money from ':
tlee, or other aaphiStialtrld F.0... time to ? lime% " -?fr -u? . ..'..
,,,,? . 11r, ta. 1 iirnritY? ?
Ckciitn, "altheegh ? it has 'had. said. ? - .-": ?,' .'.. ? e, ? 'i
ocensional. brilliant successes lia -.sestet! - thea thereAve.e. a .
(Ms the Berlin tunnel and sev. ? 'eterdatyee.that,'all,(.es?strt.Oirer
oral of the high-level de-
ations are illegal mid hoeille,
k
< but vie raid this was not really i
keen)." - .
tid..erecrettment of egente and the cane. 1.or enample,the.CIA ;
o nc e. provided . oetensibly-pri-
vete financinf, 6.1 a a:reject also l
. _
1
-400 1=2
"A basic mason is that". espi- '
cne.:.;e operates mainly through
crui?';:: hich4evel ,frents," the ? -
- opme it. Tie cf.,P.. ac,ict-nnce. i
summaT.y v,?,....et on. "A keit-level
.. ? gave AID "time. for ccrne hni-6.
-OtRelease 0 1-102404stiCiAlaROP804g4,130Adagiiiv
was lecl by Riertesd M. Bissell Jr., fc,r1:;',,
STATI NTL
Approved For Releasalibiricahr4bIA-RDP80-0
a 2 3 SEP 1971 ?
By ROBIN ADAMS SLOAN
Q. I.read?somethingabout a British
?
Spy saying that Khrushchev had not ac-
tually written his own memoirs. Any
more' On this??G. W., La. Jolla,
A.. The former British diplomat-lour-
nalist, Kim Philby, who became a key
spy for the U.S.S.R., gave an interview
saying that the former Russian premier's' ?
book, "Khrushchev Remembers," wai ac-.-
tuaily written by the Central Intelligence
Agency of the U.S. Philby also asserts
thatthe CIA was behind the Penkovsky ,
Papers, -which purported to spill- the ea-.
viar *about Soviet espionage. In fact, says'
the defector, the CIA's major industry
is manufacturing ? docurrients, pamph-
lets, and books to confuse the opposition
and to make money. What is Philby up
to in Russia? He is writing his own book
?with the approval of the KGB (Soviet
counter-intelligence), one .prpsumes.
Approved For Release 2001/03/04 : CIA-RDP80-01601R000800310001-2
Approved ForRelease 20610M040Pal*RDP80-01
- 16 SEP 1971
. ?
The 172glaitgtora Teleiery.Go.113.eurie1
?
By Jack Anderson
. .
t The Central Intelligence
Adency has been eavesdrop-
?ping, incredibly, on the most
private conversations of
.Kremlin and other world lead-
era.
For obvious sectirity Tea-
' sons, we can't give *clue as to
bow it's done. But we can
State categorically that, for
V 'years, the CIA has been able
;to listen to the kingpins of the
'Kremlin banter, bicker and
,backbite among themselves.
A competent soiree, 'with
access to the transcripts of the
;private Kremlin converse-
',lions, tells us thet the Soviet
;leaders gossip about one an-
{other and complain about their
aliments like old maids.
It Is evident from the con-
versations that Leonid Brezh-
fnev, the party chief, some-
times drinits too much vodka
, and suffers from hangovers.
Premier Kosygin, however, is
in poor health,- and his corn-
;plaints are more authentic.
I One of their favorite pas-
I-times is visiting a private
;clinic to get tlwir aches
'soothed. Like fat caPitalists at
the end of a bard day in their
plush suites, the Kremlin
chiefs stop by for steam baths,
.rubdowns and other physical
-therapy.
Brezhnev, in a typical con-
Versation, might grump about
JJ
STATINTL
e -60
vesot ops -17
Kre tin .geis
his back pains and announce of his moon ? face bobbing
he's going to have Olga give
him a massage. "Olga Oh ho!?
President Nikolai Podgorny
might chortle, as if he is quite
familiar with the masseuse.
Mao Close .T.Jp
Like the Kremlin crowd, the
Red Chinese leaders are far
less forbidding in private than
they appear to the world. The
'nightly Mao Tse-tung, hrs en-
nointed successor Lin Piao
and Premier Chou En-lat are
tired, old revolutionaries
slowed down by the ravages of
age.
Mao shares Brezhenev's
taste for good food, strong
drink and a woman's .touch.
But he is less grumpy and.
grim than the Soviet leader.
Thees.'s an avuncular affabil-
ity about Mao, and he has an
infectious laugh.
But at '17, he walks slowly,
though erectly, with his left
arm dangling strangely. The
CIA concluded from a careful
study of film shots that Mao's
eyes are ? dim from age.. He
seems unable to recognize old
comrades until they are face
to face. ?
The CIA has also caught the
old fox using a ringer to stand
in for him at long, dreary pub-
lic parades. But it was the real
Mao who made that publi-
cized plunge in the Yangtze a
couple years ago. The picture
above the waves was carefully
scrutinized by the CIA, which
concluded after measuring his
ears and other facial features
that the swimmer was no dou-
ble.
Pictures of world leaders
routinely are blown up and
studied by CIA doctors for
clues to their health. Their be-
havior is also analyzed by CIA
psychiatrists ? and psycholo-
gists.
Footnote: One of the -CIA's
greatest triumphs, heretofore
untold, was fishing out'some
of the late Premier Nikita
Khrushchev's excrement be-
fore it was flushed down the
toilet. The great bathroom
caper was pulled clurin,g his
1959 state visit to the U.S. The
filched feces was eagerly ana-
lyzed by CIA medics who con,
eluded that Khrushchev then
was in excellent health for a
man of his age and rotundity..
Strong4krm Tactics .
One of the most notorious
regimes in the American labor
movement may be near its
end.
Pete Weber, the strongman,
$136,000 a-year boss of the Op-
erating Engineers in New Jer-
sey, has 'gone to jail for extor-
tion. His brother Ed, who ran
for his job, has been beaten by
Larry Cahill, an honest, vet-
eran union man. . ?
But there is life in the old
Weber -machine yet. Cahill's
supporters were subjected to
bullyboy tactics to coerce
them going along -with Ed
Weber. ? .
Cars 'with Cahill bumper
stickers had their tires slashed
and windows broken. Three
Cahill men were beaten up..
Others were laid off work by.
pro-Weber union foremen.
Even the ballots were decep-
tively designed so that Cahill
supporters would mark- their
ballots for Ed Weber.
Nevertheless, the clesllenger
squeaked home by Ws votes.
Thecount is ()Mehl and final
under the wnionicInsittution.
But the Weber, rfal :11-ar'e now
trying to arra--c a "recoent".
it would he ? cal:riki out qf
course, by pro?IVOlwr incum-
bent officers.
The-man who ee Wel stop all.
this is the 1::o?zincer'i.inter?a?
tional union .rresident HUnt0
Wharton. Rcaehed by tele-
phone while eating lunch at
La Chatelaine, a swanky
Washington re,Iturant. Whale
ton made IL clear he Is still un-
willing to biick the Weber ?
crowd.
He claimed he had no offi-
cial knoWledge, of Cahill't
upset win. "We're not. doing
anything either way," he said..
"We're not in the middle of it
one way or another."
, 13.41-McOlues Erndleato
?
Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-R-DP80-01601R000800310001-2
-
Approved For RiPiaiiakel : CIA-RD
4 J.UN 1971
? germ-carriers ?are 'effec-
tively screened fi PEW-
if.) ? ? - 'A 0 dying the.life of the Soviet'
g ss:Ntsa , ttre=tr\f-1. Pf=01)1e?P
2 o 1
The venom. is snown.
. ? monuments, rot people. In
:
MO WY 'WELCOME BUT ,
STATINTL
if' o -?1-.2)::.,, 'i ,., 'r.,i1
, A it n. trt l;i? ;..-1 :,
3?,N,,iA, r: tz:.,k f1*i t'.:;?1 c.z,., '
Moscow. the main attras-
1Vk 1W11 t.::..,
It ?
'
11A 1.-tRY TR li:lia'0713N
Timts Stiff Writar
MOSCOW --eh Now that
the tourist season is get-
ting under way, Soviet cit-
izens a r e again being
warned to beware of stran-
gers bearing flight bags
and guidebooks.. . -
The operative word for
Soviet citizens who come
In contact with foreigners
is: "vigilance."
As Kommunist, a bi-
monthly magazine pub-
lished by the Communkt
Party's Central Commit-
tee, put it. in its latest
Issue:
"Espionage and icieologs
fealty subversive activity
against our country is con-
ducted . . . with the assis-
tance of (U.S.) agents who
arrive in our country as
tourists, members of dele-
gations or specialists.
Special centers in the
United States find suitable
candidates for trips to the '
Soviet Union and train
them for intelligence acti-
.vities."
It added:
"One must not forget
that the class struggle is
-being waged in all fp heres
?politica!, economic and
ideological -a- within the
conditions Of 'p e -a ceful
Coexistence' of states with
differing social .s'ystems."..
- .The warning represents
a .conflict between ideolo-
gy ? and the praetical, re-
:quirements of ?the .Soviet
- ?
As always, the Kremlin
is ? suspicious of visitors
.from countries of 'differ-
ing social syste.ms." After
more than 52 years since
;the advent of Soviet pow-
er, the ?government still
hasn't shaken off the. polit-
And in that half centorya
the government .still does-
n't trust its Own people,
despite all the "evidence"
of "socialist supariority.".
On the other hand, the
Kremlin is. eager for for-
eigners to visit the Soviet
Union. They bring in
needed hard currency for
the nation's foreign - ex-.
chap ge program. The
Yankee dollarz?dcspite of-
ficial gloating over RS'
troubles in Western Eur-
ope---is still as desirable as
ever in the Soviet Union.
The Krei-1.11in does n' t
disclose how Much it earns
in foreign exchange from.
tourists. who last year -to-
taled slightly more than 2 .
million. .
The government . also
welcomes delegations " of.
professional or o c u p a-
tional groups, and profes-
ses ardent support for cul-
tural-exchange programs.
Here, too, its interest is .
basically practical, at. least
as far as cultural-exChange
visits to the Soviet Union
are concerned. It is eager
to tap the knowledge. of vi-
siting- specialists, especial-
ly at this time when it is
seeking to refine its tech-
nological a n d scientific
processes., ?
Tourists Restricted
As part of the effort to
boost tour is m, - Viktor
Boichenko, chairman of
Intourist, the Soviet travel
agency, recently declared:
"The country irresistab- ?
ly draws foreign visitors
who desire to see for
themselves what has been
achieved under Soviet
power, to study the life of
the Soviet peoples, as well
as their culture and arts."
Yet roost ordinary visi-
tors ?as a reflection of
leal conspirator's eonstant the Kremlin's view that
pprovedrFooRMeAftek2061
fear of betrayal. ?A
tion ? is, of course, ,the
Kremlin, an architectural-
ly interesting pile. of stone
displaying the wealth of a
long-departed aristocracy.
'The country's second
major attraction is Lenin7
grad, a monument to Peter
the Great' s vanity and de-
sire for Russia to?join the
world . I ? .
When the visitor isn't
looking at relics, he is In a
hotel that is barred to Rus-
sians, buying souvenirs at
shops the Russian con-
sumer is not permitted to
enter.
- About the only Russians
. will come in contact
with are ? the chamber-
maid, hotel clerk, waiters
and the Intourist guides,
those -well-disciplined au-
tomatons who keep their .
thoughts to themselves.
As though the present
isolation of the foreign
touristawas not enough, the
government recently an-
nounced it was setting up a
special "club" in an old
section of Moscow exclu-
sively for _tourists this
summer to provide them
with a "flavor" -of Russian
life. . -
Some justification -
Of course, Soviet suspic-
ions Of Western' visitors
are not all due to political
paranoia. Some Wester-
ners do cane to the Soviet
Union for the purpose of
causing trouble for the
government, either on be-
half of foreign agencies or
on the basis of their own.
political views.
The question of what ?
constitutes acceptable be-
havier by visitors was
highlighted" by the recent
visit of Ren. Bertram
Podell ??,-hose os-
tensibly privste trip
quickly turned into 'a po- ?
litical issue. .
. Hid.cfe'n in Shoe . ?
After his return Worn a
six-day, stay in Moscow,
Podell announced at a-
news conference in Wash-
ington he had smuggled
out of Russia a petition on
behalf of 190 Jews protest-
ing alleged discrimination
in the Soviet ? Union. He
said he had slipped it past
border guards in his shoe.
The congressman lik-
ened the condition of Rus-
sian Jews to that of those
In Nazi Germany and
areas under German occu-
pation where an estimated
6 million Jews died in con-
centration campus after
being driven from their.
jobs and homes. ? ? -
? The congressman told
newsmen. that the world
closed its eves to what the
Germans did to the Jews
In the 1930s and 1940s. -
Can't Close
*We.. Cannot afford ? to
close our ? eyes again," he-
was quoted as saying hi -a
news- dispatch reaching
-
Podell -Said he also
smuggled eitt other-mater-
ial, which ? he woukt nbt
identify, . and turned it
Over to :.the State Depart-
rnenL, . ?
The congressman: com-
plained of being followed
and harassed during his
visit here.
The Russians become -
? infuriated--with obvious
reason?at - likening the
status of Russian Jews to
that of those under Hitler.
And they can only be won-.a?
derin what sort of mater-
ial a "U.S. government of-
ficial on a paste visit
turned over to the State
bepartment.
In its warning about
tourists, Kommunist ac-
knowledged that not all fo-
reigner may be spies.
Complacency Peril ?
? 'Many foreigners leave
our country as our sincere
friends," t h e magazine
'said, but then hastily
added: "But this does .not ?
give us any cause for corn- ?
placency." .
Kommunist charged that
the U.S. Central Intelli-
gence Agency "and other
/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601R0008003n0p1-2
1411.c.,c
Approved For Release 2ffilkipiig4 : CIA-RDP8
[Friedel Ungelieuer
it RIT717-1.,
STATINTL
Spies by the thousands: report from Germany
TT' % sproslcz CAN HAnDLY be described
4;444 as the ideal form of contact be-
tween peoples, but it has become so
much a part of life in Germany today
that its citizens have come almost to
take it for graated. Dr. Horst Wors-
ner, a lawyer specializing in spies, said
recently, "a divided postwar Germany
continues to be in the center of the tug-
of-war between the victorious powers
and furnishes the soil for an intelli-
gence jungle that sometimes confuses
even those in the know." Who works
for whom, or for what reasons, may be
as difficult to determine as a clear defi-
-nition of what constitutes treason.
When the fatherland is split, which
fatherland is a German betraying? The-
.oretically, if not politically, he has a
right to serve either. It is common
knowledge that for years the East Ger-
man regime has used the refugee chan-
nel to smuggle agents with long-term
assignments to the other side. Under the
circumstances, even the most legitimate
political refugee has to appear suspect.
The so-called "atom spy" Harald Gott-
fried; who came across in '55 at the age
of twenty, told his interrogators in the
refugee camp that he had wanted to
escape the East German draft, "because
I would never have worn the uniform of
those who put my father into prison."?
His father, a former Nail, had been con-
victed for minor shenanigans to eight ?
years hard labor. His mother lied to the
West before he did. But Gottfried was
already such a convinced Communist
that East Germany's Stoatssicherheits-
diens: (Secret State Se:vice) selected
him as a Perspektiv-Spion, a spy for the
future. On orders from his superiors at
Karlshorst, East Berlia, hz studied en-
Friedel Ungeheuer has bcAnrizritrAir
t
_ inUrrMa,
pendent since /958. He zeRtUlf4 or
fires in France, and is a contributing editor of
Harper's. _ - _
gineering in the West and suhsetraently
joined the staff of 'lest Gemla.ny,s most
advanced nuclear-reactor 'project in
Karlsruhe. It took West Ger:aan coun-
terintelligence fourteen ye...:s to catch
up with him. He was certainly not re-
pentant in court; he told the judge that
assignments like his were not only hon-
orable, but "evidence of a special trust."
Dieter Joachim Haase, thirty-three,
another lonn?-terrn agent, was caught in
Wiirzburg rast year. .1.1e had just com-
pleted a doctoral thesis on the &saes-
weld. with Professor Friedrich August
von der Heydte who, as a former para-
troop general in the old Vehrmacht,
had many close associates in the upper
echelons of the Bluadeswehr staff. The
court which tried Haase found that he,
too, "had been selected by the Secret
Service of the GDR (German Democrat-
ic Republic, or East Germany] in 1960
to prepare himself for a high govern-
ment post in West Germany through the
completion of legal studies."
Men like Haase and Gottfried run
little risk. Through their activities in
the espionage services in the West, they
advance their eventual careers in the
East. If they are caught, they are quickly
exchanged for an undetermined number
of West German agents or political pris-
oners, depending on the importance
either of the regimes attaches to such
people. Sometimes the exchange is one
man for three, or more. Many agents
who are caught do not even get to trial;
they are exchanged before the public
ever hears of their existence. West Ger-
many's Interior Minister, Hans-Dieter
Genscher, remarked, "spying is in
danger of becoming- a cavalier crime
with little risk attached," but he is pow-
u/ar political debt to either side, who
wants to join his family in the West, is
about $12,000. Sufficient numbers of
people are purchased in this manner
every year to make the take a respect-
able item in East Germany's balance of
.yrnents with the West, I Was told.
Meanwhile, West German counterin-
telligence officials admit that there is
simply no way for them to stop the con-
tinuous infiltration of East German
agents. According to their estimates,
anywhere between 13,000 and 15,000
East German spies are active at all levels
of West Germany's administration, in
private industry, at universities, and in
the armed forces. Every year about
2,000 of them are unmasked, but, as a
confidential report noted recently, "the
total remains constant through the arri-
val of new elements." The main reason
for the facility with which East Ger- .
many can replenish its intelligence serv-
ices in the West is to be found, of
course, in the language and cultural
background that they share. Western
authorities have not put great obstacles
in their way, either. An East German
can still travel to the West simply by
getting on the elevated S-Bahn in Berlin
and leaving it at an unguarded station
in one of the Allied sectors. Armed with
a false West German passport, he can
then emplane at Tempelhof airport for
any city in West Germany.
N VIEW OF THE POLITICALLY heteroge-
iineous backgrounds that are the norm
rather than the exception for officials,
it is practically impossible to establish
firm criteria by which to judge them as
security risks. Few Western officials are
erless against the practice. West Ger- without some sort of family link in the
ReleaSsi21104N104ebgalkszEIDFM-11-160/1 HOCIa8A91110?10E62
East Germany for hard cash. The sten- German immigrants. The highest rank-
dard price for a person with no partic- ing officer of the Bundeswehr, for in-
Approved For Release 20044011X0401321A-RDP80-016
_I 4 MAY 971
ll
G G VIS ErilD 0.7 C,'TI1113
NEW YORK, May I3?Radio reporter
Sam Jaffe last night told the world how ./
the Central Intelligence Agency tried to 17
;recruit him as a spy on two separate occa-
sions. ?
The former ABC and CBS newsman re- J'
ported this information on a videotaped
.WNYC-TV program "All About Television."
WNYC is a municipal station whose exist-
ence is threatened by city budget cut-backs.
, Jaffe said his initial encounter with the
CIA occurred in California while waiting
- to hear from CBS News where he had fil-
ed a job application. A young man, whom
Jaffe believed to be called Jerry Rubins, ,
-told Jaffe that if he was willing to work
at a spy, he would get a paid trip to Mos-
I cow.
Jaffe quoted the CIA as saying we "are
willing to release certain top secret infor-
mation to you in order that you try to ob-
tain information, for us." Jaffe cordially
refused the offer.
The correspondent had formerly worked
at the United Nations when he returned
from Korea and had contact at the U.N. ?
with Soviet citizens.
Wanted ched on spy pilot.
The second encounter with the CIA or-
cured around the time of the U-2 incident
in IS30 when Jaffe was assigned to CBS to
go to Moscow to cover the downed spy Dila
trial, Francis Gary Powers. Jaffe said that
the CIA wanted him to discover whether
'Powers was brainwashed.
_ . -
"What they really wanted," says Jaffe,
"I don't know to this day."
? He has not seen the CIA since that time.
News of the Jaffe telecast was front-
paged in Variety, newspaper of the enter-
tainment world, in its May 12 issue.
Jeff Erdel, Director of Public Relations
at WNYC to the Daily World today that the
program "All About Television," is another
"first" for the radio and T.V. station.
. ?
"We have always been en open micro-
phone to those who were denied time on
other stations," he said. Proposed city cut-
backs which threaten the existence of
WNYC "can only be interpreted as a with-
drawal of that right to free speech," he i.
added.
.11
(?rr'
Ciro 'G
UffitIS llI5.!
STATINTL
Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601R000800310001-2
LT:7J
Approved For Release 201Q31Yo:z./4W1MA-R5P80-01
STATINTL ?
Vii.ZHINGTON.
?rs---43 CAN tell when ha wallzs ia the
d door what sort of a cla-,
been,"-says his v.-ira, Cynthia.
"some days ht.. :las on vfn,lt I cr.!! his
lel I coT tcit I ly inseru .7: I e.
I Iniow better than to es::
an I. e's iCy,
not' c-tan 'i an ha talks
hes tcri-11,1y. Clocre et."
'the Di.-cctor qr.: Intelli-
geaco Agancy, appar-
ently rrcllai:15, home from
'tile ?lace hus'arn:1?at
least to hear Cyr:thia t,:.11 it.
Ar:d these days 1:2:MS'S In is dafi-
Iitey of the mo:tprcl;lera-rn
in 1.7r shington.
bl.:dget cuts, balance of
poyrri.ints h'.::enucratic
rivalries r..nd clisoilcz:-.:cs that
ha-re hurt.t.he-C,I.13....'s irrage
have all reduczd Its o'. t0'3 con-
sklerabiy. Free:lent hos'
centiy ordered a fiscal and manage-
ment inve.stigation into tb.a intelli-
gence "cornraianity,"
may take longer ar.d prove wore
difficult than ,even ".:',1::on suspects
bsoatisa or the capacity of tl7i-e. intelli-
gence agencies to hide in the bureau-
cratic thichats. roh fil::on and his
principal ioreign afrairs advioar,
?EZNIAMIN ?721.!..2-3 covzt: naVonal
securily aneirs es a carrtspand:nt in the
"Wnaten bursau or
Henry rissingar, are said to regard
the-comrttuttlty,ns a rahzed blessing:
insvoally inteartant to the United
ates but far too big and tco prone
to obScure clifleferiees of opinion?
sornalhaes. no opirdon--behincl a
screen of vro,rds.
considered a coldrblended races-
Sty Li the Cold War days, tse agency
now sears to many sZudents,
intellectuals and Congressman, to be
=demo :ratio, conspiratorial, sinister.
The re.valations in recent years that
have ,.made the er;eney suspect L-.cIude
Its activities in South:. -ist Asia, the
etti4go, 4221V?Itetraala; the L'ay of-
the U-2 flights; its secret undig
thlOilgh "iron t" foundations er the
National Student AssociAtion plus
'Private critural, women's and law-
yers' ,grot:ps, and, finally, two years
ago, the Green Berets affair.
The 53-yekr_-old Helmj
this, better ,6A1P.-133W98ithlYirs&M
rear intelligence officer to reach the
;?.71
ir1,-,,-,????????? *,
to since the C.I.A. was cruittecl. in
I47, !!s goal has en to profession-
alize th? agerlay and rester:: it to re-
spectrlility. In fact, one or Ms chief
.prcoceiipotion; ir.7.5 been to erase the
inizza of the Dizocter as a man
inoves-b lavish mys.te:y, jetting
secretively around the wef_d to Irri:e
policy with prima ministers, aznerats
and brushing aside, on the
prete::t of ".5:-..curity." the .public's?
vaata rz.,ars and Core:,?:,'s probing
cue-it-Ions. If 1-1,alms rules an "invisible
empire," as the C.I.A. has sometimes
bcen cz,.iled, ha is a vary visible
emperor.
While he tries to keep Ms lur.ches
free for vrork, for e:tarn?le, ha occa-
sionally sho-.-ts tip at a restaurant
vi-it'n a friend for lunch: a light beer,
a cold pitite, one ei,;e always on -the
cIoc.rr-i..rers the Occl.leatal, a
tourisrecluented rest:aura:II:near the
White .1:0,..!sa ere, if he linppens to
be seen, there is liizely to he less
gc-ssip than if ha ware obseried enter-
ing a private home.
He Irnes the con7any of attractive
worr.en?youn:.; or old?and they find
him a ch,?rrr.ing dinner pz.ner and
a good dancer.
"ill's interesting?and interested
In what you're sving," si.id Lydia
Katzenc-il, wile el the former Dem-
ocratic Attorney General. "Ea's
read and he doesn't try to substitute
flirting for conversation, that cid
? Princetol '43 routine that some of
the colu.-nrdsts around town use."
Some of his-critics complain that
he is tco close to the press?even
though most twee that he uses it,
? with rare finesse, for his own arid
his agency's end's. Some dislike the
froquant rnentIon of Helms and his
handsonta wife in the gossip columns
and society pages of the nation's
capital:
Yet, if he gives tie appearance of
insouciance?he Is 'Atty, cregarious,
is there, 111:e
ic barrier, just
-IaIras is a mass
tions: inwardly
friendly?the reserre -
a hish - 'volt elactr'
beneath the surftee. I
of apparent contradic
sell-disciplinaand outwardly relaxed,
tial, yet fasd-.
absorbed in the-essen
nated by the trivial. A former foreign
rves much and
correspondent, he obse
can recall precire.ly what few ,s_rnFs.1-
?
?44126i4V.rffri.,?wwpAn o -o 601R000800310001-2
p, ?
:0:02g:t 3%1
to a dinner ar,d whose shoulder strap
raw Wuiz z-2,65.1
Approved For Release -484.1%gall : CIA-RDP80-0
From. the Soviet Press
STATIN
From RussfaVith
StaThrL..
the pull-gum of a revved
?
ideology
A student of Middle Eastern affairs
who has read the Soviet press in
February and March 1971 is left with
one overwhelming impression. .The
impression created by the spate of
articles, commentaries and news re-
ports both in the Moscow press and
in the newspapers published in the
capitals of the union republics is that
the Soviet Union is engatted in a
world-wide defensive struggle against
"World Zionism- and that Israel
itself. the Arab world and the Middle
Eastern peace talks being pursued
under Dr Jarring's direction, are
secondary to this struggle.
To a student of Soviet affairs, on
the other hand, what is significant
about the "anti-Zionist" campaign is
that its fundamental arguments belong
to the Stalinist era. For the fact is that
. the basic ingredients of the current
"anti-Zionist" campaign were first
blended in the charges levelled against
Mikhoels and the other executed
Jewish writers and poets and refined
in the "Crimean Affair". whose chief
victim wasThe Old Bolshevik Solomon
Lozovsky.
They were all accused of having
.betrayed their Soviet homeland in
order to serve the interests of "Jewish
bourgeois nationalism" and Zionism.
which. in turn, were described as
serving .American imperialism. in its
Approvea i-or Keiease
1
wor ar ice ?y o s a av n
"Anti-Sovietism?the tionists' Pro-
fession". "The' logic of the socio-
economic developments of the two
world-wide systems?the capitalist
and the socialist?determines the
sharpening of the ideological struggle
between them," Bolshakov began his
article. "Into this.strusle imperialism
is launching ever new forces, from its
decreasing reserves of 'brain washers'
and ideological diversipnists. An in-
creasingly active role in these imper-
ialist activities directed against
socialism and the forces of progress
is played by the. Zionist circles."
Bolshakov then went on:
preparations for a nuclear war against
the Soviet Union and its allies. The
accusations were elaborated during
the Slansky trial and would have
achieved the perfection of a "Marxist-
Leninist" dogma at the trial of the
doctors but for Stalin's death.
That the paranoiac concoctions of
Stalin's closing years should now be
served up to the Soviet public as an
explanation and justification of Soviet
policies in the Middle East docs
suggest a surprising degree of ideo-
logical sterility or rack of originality.
among the men who rule the Soviet
Union today. It is all the more striking
because on March 5 every Soviet
paper carried an article on Rosa
Luxemburg. who was born on that
day a hundred years earlier. Not one
of the articles mentioned the fact that
she was a Jewess: nor did any of them
point out that it was Jewish cosmo-
politanism that made it possible for
Rosa Luxemburg and her Jewish
husband. Leo Joeiches. to become the
leaders of the Marxist movement in.
Poland. Russia and Germany. and so
achieve the ideals of socialist inter-
nationalism as conceived by Karl
Marx and Lenin. ?
Instead. the Soviet public could
read in the February 18 and 19 issues
of Pravda the mouthpiece of the
Wt Communist Parts'. a 3.000-
1/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601
? .
-The actions of Zionism are directed
not only in siiPport of the State of
Israel. The intaiiiiitional Zionist corpora-
tion, in the shape of the World Zionist
Organisation and-its fronts, the World
Jewish Congress and other numerous
branches and Agencies. represents at the
same time one of the greatest concentra-
tions of financial capital and one ape
greatest internAtionail centres of espion-
age, as well aisjsil.misinformation and
slander....
-There is nothing fortuitous about
the fact that the political and ideological
offensive launched by Zionism against
the Soviet U.Lion: ..and other socialist -
states hassoincided with the acceptance
by the planners of America's foreign
policy of the sq:eatled theory orbuilding
bridges' between :the capitalist and
socialist camps. The first practical test
of this theory and the policies built on it
... was the evqs in Czechoslovakia in
1968.
"In the scenagioof the 'quiet counter-
revolution' worked out in the United
States. and at the Hudson Institute in
particular. a special role in the 1968
events was assigned to the international
Zionist corporation. Its tasks included,
in particular. the Capture of the press and
other information media in Czecho-
slovakia. The Zionist centre directed
this operation:
-The collapse of the plot hatched by
the international reaction against
Czechoslovakia shattered the fur-reach-
ing plans of American imperialism and
its Zionist henchmen. In Washington
the partisans of the 'bridge-building'
school gave way to the partisans of a
'tough line' towards the Soviet Union
and other socialist states.
-The cold-war winds blowing from
Washington billowed the sails of Zionist
propaganda,. Not averse to exporting
'the quiet co'unterrevolution' into the
socialist states. the International. Zionist
Corporation also set out to prepare plans
for a widespread anti-Soviet campaign.
R000800310001-2
? .con,...nuel"
Approved For ReleaseMA14.9A3MiliiiICAM3PPA"
111 2.:lar;-?11 1971
';z3,--00 gists igti&,(3 IL'&10 27:1J1101;1(3
n 7 77 0..f? 0 0
_
Kmusalcumr ItE.h.fEriThERS. With an Introduction,'
Commenta rrand Notes by Ea ward Crankshaw. Translated
and' edited by Strobe Talbott. Illustrated. Little, Brown.
-639 pp. $10. ?
By John Kenneth Galbraith
At lunch in Iowa about fifteen years ago Roswell
Garst, the great corn man, fold me of a meeting that he
had just had With Nikita Khrushchev. Having saturated
the United States market with Pioneer Hybrid Corn,
: Garst had been looking around for new customers and
the Soviet Union had come strongly into .his thoughts.
.The Garsts relate thought very closely to action. He had
gone to Moscow several nionths,earlier, made a sales call
on the Kremlin and left samples, but had not been sue-
cessfuls-a highly atypical result. But then a few weeks
?
John Kenneth Golbraith:s most recetzt book is Ambassa-
dor's Journal: A Personal Account of the Kennedy
?
Years. His -Economics, Peace and Laughter will be pub-
? liShed this. :spring. . ? '
* later the Soviet Enibassy in 'Washington had asked him
? :Urgently to come back. He went to see Khrushchev,
whose interest in corn had greatly deepened in the in-
: terval. The huge ear.encased in clear plastic which Garst
had left on his earlier visit was prominent on his desk.
For a long afternoon he questioned Garst about U.S.
methods of corn culture?techniques of hybridization,
? land preparation, -Cultivation, fertilization, harvesting,
storag,e and more. The telephone did not ring; there
were no interruptions, Garst said he began to wonder
who was running the country. Finally he begged to ask
a quegtion himself.
"I assume, Mr. Chairman, that you have methods of
' getting information from the United States?that if we
have some new atomic secret you get it in a couple of
weeks."
Khrushchev interrupted, angrily shaking his finger at
Garst. "No! No!, we insist! One week only!"
"One week or two weeks, it doesn't matter," said
Garst. "I still must ask why you question me about mat-
ters which are in our experiment station bulletins, which
our Extension Service-4 pound into the heads of our
_ _
farmers, which are completely available and in "Iowa
hard to avoid?"
"It's the Russian character," Kisruslichev. repli6d.
When the aristocracy _first learned that potatoes were
the cheapest way of feeding the peasants the peasants
?'This story was On my mind last autumn when I began.
to read the Khrushchevanemoiis, as they are commonly STATINTL
called, in the London papers. I imagined that they owed
their interest to the murky process by which they were
acquired and that, for literary and narrative power,
Khrushchev probably ranked somewhere between
Kwame Nkrurnah and John J. Rooney of New York. I
was wrong. After reading the book and a fair number of
the American and English reviews I've concluded that a
word should be said for a fellow-author. I think, with
- -
exceptions, he's had a bum rap from the critics.
? There was first the question of authenticity?a greater
:.question witlanglish than American critics, quite a fei
of whom have attributed it to the CIA. The CIA can be
excluded on very simple grounds. No one with that kind
of imagination could be had for government pay. AS a
novelist with Hollywood possibilities he mould be worth
up to ten times as much. Even Lyndon Johnson could
have doubled his pay as ghost Wel come out ahead. It
may be that the KGB, which also gets po'isible credit,
has less competition and thus can'hire this kind of talent,
but even those who think it responsible agree that it must
have marked very closely with original Khrushchev
material. ?
The critics have also complained that there isn't ranch
that is new, but this is tilso true of the memoirs of Dwight
D. Eisenhower and Harold Macmillan and, unlike these
worthy books, the Khrushchev production is full of per-
fectly fascinating stories. Unlike most other writers of
memoirs, he has readers other than himself in mind,
which is not a bad thing. Ain] however jaded the experts
may be, I was delighted to read about high level in
as it is conducted in the Kremlin, how Britain, Chits
idge's and George Brown looked to a visiting Russian,
and what a terrible indignity it is to arrive at an inter-
national conference in a teeny two-motor airplane,
which was what happened to the Soviets in Geneva in
1955. (All the others had four-motor jobs.) Payton
Fritchey believes the best thing is the account of his ex-
change with, President Eisenhower at the latter's
"dacha" at Camp David. Each tells how he is pressed by
his ,generals for new and expensive weapons, how be
Irani); resists, how ha explains that money is Short, how
, the generals persist, how. eventually he gives in.
I thought the accounts of home life with J. Stalin even
better 1'o person is so little to be envied as the man who
must keep company with the panjandruins 61 state. He
has a good address but terrible working -conditions and
there is something in, the juxtaposition to power that
wouldn't eat them. But whatever you can say for Our: ?
aristocrats, they knew their Russians. They put high;
?
fences around the potato patches, the peasants iminedi-
Ately started stealing the potatoes. In no time at all they
had developed a taste for them. You should have kept
your corn a secret."
toainued
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?
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.PRESS-GAZETTE
?
E- 47,880
13
t_*Ak8 TA
ConfPci: Over Khrus
The controversy over the claimed
memoirs of Khrushchev published In
' the United States has not died down,
and the claims as to both authorship
and intent are far apart. .
george Kennan, who is well ac-
quainted with the Soviet Union, re-
cently wrote in The New York Re-
. View, "It is . . . not impossible that
' the appearance of the book in the
West will lend itself to exploitation
In Russia precisely for the purpose of
? discrediting, along with the person
sifs Khrushchev, the concepts with
which his name has been associated;
one cannot even exclude the possibil-
ity that the operation was encouraged
- in certain quarters with just this in
mind . ? . One is left . . . only with the
%. strong impression that certain per-
.. sons interested in ideas often attrib-
uted to Khrushchev have taken ad-
? vantage of his age and l Infirmity and
?- 'helpless situation to prepare for pub-
?' lication in the form we know, this
?' body of material based on things he
Is known to have said, or has been
heard to say."
i In Kennan's view then, perhaps
even the current leaders of Russia
; were not 'unhappy with the publita-
flan or the anti-Sielleist memoirs be-
cause they discredited Mrushchev
Is well as Stalin.
In a completely opposite view,
Victor Zorza wrote in the Manchester
Guardian Weekly that "the anti-Stal-
inist emphasis of the memoirs. is so
-obvious That it has been stressed by
virtually every reviewer . . . But if
anti-Stalinism was the 'chief concern'
of the people responsible for the
memoirs, it could not have been of
the KGB (the Soviet secret police).
\"AntieStalinism is, on the other
t
hand, the chief concern of the Vest-
rn propaganda organizations . . .
hchev Mmofrs
Which seek to influence the form.abo
of public opinion in the Soviet Unioi
from outsille . . . This is where the'
CL eamgaira-Insofar as anti-Stalin-
ism in the Soviet Union is ultimately
a factor for the maintenance of peace,
the CIA would see it as one of its
functions to foster this ,by every
means available to it . . . and some- :
times, to create the means, when
these are not available. .
"I do not regard myself as a CIA V:
baiter. But just as you don't shoot
at your own side in war, so intelli-
gence agencies should confine their
'Via' work' to the territory of the ad;
Versary. To foist on the Western
world a book like the Khrushchev
memoirs is to interfere with the free
flow of accurate information which
the people of the Weateni countries
must have to form their political opin-
ions. Intelligence operations of this
kind can damage the 'democratic
process," wrote 7.017.a.
Both Kerman and Zorza obvious-
ly; do not believe that the Memoirs
are the untampered-with remem-
brances of Khrushchev. Of even more
importance. is that both appear to be- '
lieve that there were political motiva-
tions in the..publication. Kennan sug-
gests the book plays into the hands
of those who would-di.scredff Khrush-
chev. Zona believes the aim is to con-
tinue to discredit Stalin. He accepts
without proof the idea that it has been
the CIA that managed The publication.
But when he setalimits of intelligence
operations, he is behase naive Indeed.
Political manipulation in a variety of
forms la the name of one game among
intelligence.. operations.
Khrushchev has denied he wrote
or dictated the memoirs.. This, too,
could be part of the plot by either
side. Maybe we'll never really find;
.out The whole stole!. j
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STAT I NtL
. Approved For Release 2001119,3/04:1: CIA-RDP80-016
oSe 131Erazd
Fr U4SE3(3311g.:
? By Dusk.? Doder
Wsslitntott Post &elf Writer
A top official of the Soviet
State Security Committee
..(KGB) has accused .the West
and primarily the .? United
.States of encouraging political
;dissent in the Soviet Union to
"unclevninc" Soviet society.
.I Senior State Department of-
;ficials regard the publication
. of an -artiele by .Semen K.
. Tsvigun,' first deputy chair:
man of the KGB; as unusually
interesting since it is. very
rare for a secret police official
?of his rank to publicly address
-
himself ? to delicate internal,
? ? problems and do so in such a
frank manner.
? Tsvigun said that the United
-States, "without .giving up
methods of military pressure
? and armed adventures, is-now
forced More and min-e to re-
sort to ideological forms of
battle" which it is trying to
tcarry on clirittly on the terri-
tory of the U.S.S.R."
? These officials saw Tsvi-
gun's article as ari effort to
alert party workers around
the country to. clamp down on
all manifestation of dissent be-
fare the forthcoming 24th
Communist Party Congress..
Dissent Admitted ? 7
U.S, analysts pointed out
that the article in effect ad-
mitted to a large party.'audi-
ence that may have been una-
ware of it the existence of po-
litical -dissent as well as. of a.
-specific Jewish dissent in the
Soviet Union. ?
it ? The. dissident movement is
k?
very small in size and 'con-
fined to Moscow and several
other major cities. There is no
evidence that dissent has
_spread _to.. the co%
?
.; ?
eived
? The article .appeared in the
February issue of the , journal
Politicheskoe? SaMoobrazova-
niye, which has a circulation
' of 1,7 Million and is designed
for political guidance of party
members. ?
,,? The thrust of Tsvigun's arti-
Cle is that the United States
through . its various intelli-
gence agencies is trying to cre-
ate and encourage dissent in-
side the Soviet Union "as a
means of changing the current
balance of power" in Washing-
tdn's favor.
Directed at Youth
1
Efforts to "morally weaken''
Soviet, citizens are directed
primarily at the Soviet youth
and "creative intelligentsia."
In this, the United States is
using various Zionist organizn-;
lions which, in turn, are trying
to turn "Israel into an instru-
ment of political control over;
citizens of Jewish extraction."
U.S. tourists, businessmen,
diplomats, union .leaders,
journalists, students, memticrs
of various delegations visitin.,;
the Soviet Union, according n)
Tsvigun, all try to convut:
1 "some persons of Jewish na-.
tionality into pro-Israeli ele-
ments, spark their emigration
intentions (to Israel) and .ot-
lect tredentious information."
Western propaganda, pattic-
? ularly broadcasts by R:tcli0
Liberty, the Voice of America
and similar stations base ,7 in
Western Europe, has occa?;ion-,
ally been effective, Tsvigun,
said. .
"There are cases when indi-
vidual Soviet citizens fall for
the bait' of enemy propa-
ganda," he said. "Once under
the influence of ideology that
is alien to 'socialism, such citi,
rens turn into supporters of
our ideological adversaries.
Regretfully, some of them
turn into collaborators ' of
Western intelligence services."
Bourgeois Attitudes
He acknowledged that
'bourgeois attitudes still exist
in the Soviet Union and that
"In the conscience of individ-
ual. Soviet citizens some rem-
nants of the past have been
preserved."
' "It is known that the main
effort of. imperialist intelli-
gence .services is directed to-
wdrd our creative intelligent-
sia and the youth," he said. He
quoted what he said was an ex-
Pert Release/$(00E1103 4 : C IA-RD.P80-01601 R000800310001-2
STATI NTL
nient 'Manual defining as
Opal objectives in the s.`psy-
chological war" ideological in
fluence on "writers, critics,
students and other persons
forming public opinion."
Another main target of the
Cents-al Intelligence Agency is
the .Soviet scientific commu-
nity, Tsvigun said. He com-
plained that many Russian set;
entists -"babble too much" and
inadvertently reveal state and
-party secrets to their foreign
colleagues. .. ? ?
Sonic US. analysts 'Sug-
gested that the article
closed the KGB's preeminent
role in cornbatin,g Ideological
penetration. Others said that
the weeks ? prior to the Party
Congress comprise "a no boat
rocking period" but added
that the article appears to be
a "logical precursor toClub-
bing down the dissident move-
ment." -
Approved For Release,
,
Er:0 ram ri
..../...,2116.8-....210=123.4,071:03.?
e . ' $ fAT I Ni T L
. . . _ . .
? ? -.......-.1
.10..., . -,,,?-?--: :.) :-; .
-.Atia8,..a Magazine for, ihmkers, 1
. 6 EVERY ONCE -IN -A WHILE I am fascinated all over
gain by the magazine Atlas, which each month distills "the
??113
_est from the world press" and offers it to inbscribers in this
untry. The Februari issue contains, material from
publications in Moscow, London, Hamburg, -Milan, Dakar,
Peking, Prague, Rome, Buenos Aires., Paris, Budapest,
Frankfurt. and Montevideo, as well as cartoons from other
places. ' . : .;.? , -.. - ; 1. ? ?--- - - -. ..,, "?:.
. . Atlas provides not only a-view-from-inside of. a number of
foreign countries and" their problems, 'but, when obtainable,
foreign views of the United States, and its problems.. From the
Journal Du Dimanche,ior example, in Paris, comes an excerpt
from a piece in which Playwright Antoine Bourseiller offers
the ,opinion that the American love for dogs?he writes that he
never has seen as many dogs as he did in New York City?is,-
he believes, "due to the fact that most Americans are
frustrated sentimentally. They suffer from a lack of affection.".?
Bourseiller also declares that the American theater provides a
? freer forum, for artists because of "the right to be in .bad
_taste"?something the French are fearful of trying.
.0 THERE 'IS A SADLY informative story ' on blow the I/
.
'half-black Italians, reminders of the influx of American 'troops,
during World War II, are faring in today's Italy, a satiricdt
account of memoirs?such - as Khrushchey's?Which the
Kremlin says were written by the CIA and the CL!i says were.
done by the KGB, and a survey of Dutch television which, you
may be startled to know, sometimes features a anked girl
:reading the stock market quotations. . '?
.. But the most melancholy article, I suppose, and one that
serves as a reminder that similar things have happened in this
country in . the -not-too-distant past, is about "book
: burning"?and banning?in Argentina, . . . '
' A young reporter for Semana, a Buenos Aires weekly,
'wrote the piece, which verifies rumors that 'the govermnent
does indeed seize?and burn?books with which there is
'official disagreement. The reporter,' Juan Carlos Martini,
' writes:. --. ' :. ' . - , . - ' 7 . '..; .7'. ? , .. . ' . ?!-.
. 'Publishers ar,K1 distributors. confirmed that customs and
. postal officials are now opening all packages containing books.
.,for export as well as those being imported. They added that
:confiscated books have meant the loss of millions of pesos to
:them. It: appeared that. after the initial inspection by said
. officials, the. books are Ihorply examined by SIDE, the
Argentine secret police." - ; , . . ? .- ,
. ' . Martini discovered that some of the seized. works are
indeed burned, "like 'refuse and dead dogs," in tile municipal
furnaces to which they,are brought in armored Police cars. ,
, Among titles banned .in Argentina are '"Portnoy's
Complaint," by Philip Roth; "Myra Breckinridge," by Gore
? Vidal; "Ecstasy and Me,"-by Hedy Lamarr; "Sum-net-NW' by
.. A. S. Neill; "Ironies of History," by Isaac Deutscher; "Eros
and Civilization," .by Herbert Marcuse; Who Rules
'America?" by G. William Demhoff; "The Deputy," by Rolf
Hochbuth; "Three Faces. of Fiscism," by Ernst Nolte and
."Neocolonialism: The Last Stage of imperialism" by iCwame
.Nkrumali:Ithis ine at the same time it was required reading
_Approved F?Y. fitiatyyntripakuct.a IS A112613e4)1601R000800,310001.-2
?
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TOLEDO, OHIO
BLADE
E? 176,688
8 ?
Pity The Experts
i WHEN the experts can't, agree, how is the
nonexpert public to make up its mind?
In the controversy over the Khrushchev mem-
oirs, for instance, the most widely varying opin-
ions are expressed by persons with intimate
knowledge of the Soviet Union. This not only
adds to the confusion of the ordinary reader,
but may lead him to suspect that so-called ex-
pert opinion is not all that it's cracked up to be.
, In England a Russian specialist and profes-
sor on the faculty of the London School ?of
-Economics called the memoirs "totally worth-
less for the serious student of contemporary
history." He suggests that the KGB, the Soviet
secret police, put the book together to confuse
.the West about Russian policy. Two other En-
glish experts agreed that the memoirs are
spurious, but one of them believes they were
written by agents of the U.S. ELntra,1Izt.,relli:
Agency.
?air& other side, 30 experts on the Soviet
Union who met at Washington earlier this
month concluded that the memoirs are genu-
? ine, and that they were published in the West
with the permission of the leaders of the Rus-
sian government. And although he found what
he called "odd and sometimes inexplicable mis-
takes" in the memoirs, Sir William Hayter, '
-British ambassador to Russia in the 1950s, ?
agrees that they are the real thing.
? Since the supposed author is still living, it
might be thought that the argument could be
easily settled. Last November Nikita Khrush-
chev denounced the memoirs as a fabrication,
and it is in some ways symptomatic of the
times that the denial by the former Soviet
leader has carried so little weight in the' dis-
pute. ?
It is not difficult, of course, to poke fun at
the experts, with their exotic theories of plots
by the KGB or the CIA. But it would all be a
lot funnier if it were not for the nagging sus-
picion that there might be some truth in even
the wildest explanation. Perhaps instead of
ridicule, the Kremlin ? expert really deserves
, sympathy in his attempt to function in an area
where virtually nothing is what it appears to
be.
STATI NTL
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t
,
7 FED 1.,171
' Approved For Release 2001/03/049:lei4LZP
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By Chalmers .11". Roberts
Washington Post Staff Writer .
'.6611rnRUSHC1ENT Remembers," a
..lita. 639-page, $10 memoir .of that.
most fascinating of ? Russians since
Stalin died 18 years ego, has created
a giant storm among experts on the
Soviet Union as to its authenticity
and origin. ? " ? :
-,:.? Some say H.'s the authentic" of Ni-
kiln Ifihrushchev. Some say it is a put-
/
up job by the KGB, the Soviet secret
? . police. One. pins most of it on the
-American Central Intelligence Agency.
' . The Whole truth is impossible to get
. at and probably even these at Time
Inc. who swung the deal to publish the
excerpts in Life and elsewhere around
the world and then to produce the
book, do not know the full story.
-
Sore contend there is essentially
? nothing new in the book, that Khrua
, shchey or others have said it all before.
Others retort that this is nonsense,
? that there. is Much new both in sub-
stasaco and in eapansion on what had
been known. .
Here Is what Is known and what
ttlirie nr thnse.cxnerts bar6 to say. ??
., : ? _ . .
Edward Crankshaw, who wrote the
c. hook's introduction and footnotes, now
'say S he was "rather dramatically
? faced" with the "original Russian type-
.
. script" of the book ."early last spring"
and that the transcript "reads- like a
._
? ? transcripit from tapes" rather than "a
_finished memoir." Be adds that "it is
-material for a finished memoir ? a
memoir which I know Khrushchev to
have been, working on for at least three
four yeafs."
, e
' .Crank?shaw, a leading British author,
IV 'en 'Russia, apparently is the only
person outside those at Time Inc. 'who
.handled the deal to see the Russian
transcript other than Strobe Talbott, a
'Rhodes Scholar at Oxford, who did the
:translation. Talbott wrote that 'the
triginal material, when it came Into
My hands, was quite disorganized." He
took "certain liberties with the stem-
? , lure,' he said, but "except for an oc-
-tasional paraphrase or improvised
transitional sentence, Khruslichey? has
said everything, attributed to him in,
-this hook." .
- The publishers (Little, 'Brown &Co..
, - - ..
. a Time Inc. subsidiary) say In a* "note"
In the book 'that it is "made up el ma-
( ? terial emanating from various SOUTCO.S.
,
at various times and in various circum-
stances.",
.. . ?
?.-
? It has been established '.thif." two
rime Inc. representatives, Murray/
Cart and Jerrold Schecter, met last Au-
gust in a Copenhagen hotel with "Vic-
tor Louis, a man generally assumed to
be a KGB agent who is widely known
io Western newsmen and Who has. writ-
ten (for The Washington Post- among
others) some rather startling articles
From Moscow -and elsewhere. Lie gave
the first tips that Khrushchev was
being ousted in 1964 and he hinted, in
print, that the Soviet "Union _might
make a . pre- emptive strike -at the
Chinese nuclear eatablisbment.
But was the Louis contact with Time
Inc. the key one? Some sources-con-
tend that the Khrushchev material had
all come out of the Soviet Union ,by
April, four months before- the Cepen?
hagen session. ,
- . - -
Millions of Americans saw on NBC.
on July 11, 1967 a taped film interview
with- Khrushchev; :made-at his retire-
Meht house; and some of what he said.
then- is-. repeated- in the book in only
slightly- different words.- Some say
other thaterial from parts of that inter-
view not shown' on TV, Liao Is in the
..?.
? There. has . Inon speculation that
Khrushchey's well-known sdn:in-law,-
Alesel Adzinthel,. once editor of Izves-
tia but ;ousted when Khrushchev
did thc-stripin.g for' bOth "film and book -
int] sarriehdta "got it out tO the West.
'-But -"Henry Shapiio,. the "longtime
. . .
Unite.d press Iliterimtiotal eorrespond7
tnt' in lifosecitv; .Wrote .en 'Jan. 1 from
London t,'here he was on holiday, that
1.'01e :widespread conviction now is that
the' 'job was eol,it..by 'Lev Petrov, . the
husband of Khrushchav's ,granddaugh-
ter, Ytilia."' Petrov, who died in the
summer -of 1970;. spoke English and,
wrote Shapiro;' "had frequent contact
with -English-speaking newsmen anti
diplomats." Schecter. for some time
was a Time-Life correspondent in Mos-
-cow but his relations, if any, with ?Pe-.
:troyere..i not' on the record. . ".
:" It Is known ?that Petroc; died of.,
-cancer and that he had been told'
some time in advance that his, illness
was fatal. This has led to speculation '
that, as a dying man, he took the risk
of smuggling but the Khrushchev ma-
..
terIal without, as Shapiro suggested,
? . . . .
the knowledge or consent of either
khrushOev or .Soviet authorities.
Why? Shapiro Wrote that Petrov was
said to have been deeply resentful of
the way' the current Kremlin leader
ship had treated Khrushchev, that he
had some misgivings about the cessa-
tion of the de-Stalinization process
that Khrushchev had originated and
hat he wanted to correct the historic
Injustice to Khrushehey;
? Thus some experts conclude that Pe-
trov was the key man, having seen the
opportunity indicated by the 1967 NB
interview, and that much, if not all, o
the material in the book got to the
West by his doing.
There IS, perhaps, some substantia
lion- to this thesis in the story of Dr. A.
McGehee Harvey of the Johns Hopkin
Hospital in Baltimore. Along with th
Khrushchev excerpts, Life publishe
Harvey's account of a meeting wit!
Kluaishcitev at his retirement dacha
outside Moscow in late 1969.
What Life did not report, howeve.r, is
that when Harvey was about to leave
the soviet Union, he was subjected to
most intensive search of his parson
and hi S baggage. This has led some to
conclude that by then ? the KGB had
discovered'. that Petrov had gotten
tapes out of the country and the offi-
'dais were. trying to halt any further
leaks.-
Victor. Louie noie
flriHIS BRINGS us back to Victor
? 1. Louis. He is Said to have had a
:hand in the NBC film deal. Leonard
Shapiro, a distinguished British expert
on the Soviet - Union, says the KGB
e',sponsored" that ,deal. Once the
Khrushchev tapes were out, presuma-
bly through Petrov's doing, did' the:
KGB get Louis into the act to miti-
gate the -effect's Did he provide
additional and less_ damaging material
or only some new photographs for
Life? . - e ? ? ?
Unhappily, the CIA, which tries to ?
keep track of fellOws like Louis when
they are abroad, apparently did not.
have that Copenhagen hotel' room
bugged. It did find out afterward that
. Time Inc. paid Louis! bills. It Is also
said that the CIA knows how at least
some of the material got out of the So,
Viet Union Int that Time Inc. has re-
fused to provide any Information to ei-
ther the CIA or other government in-
telligenea n'frqlriPC that have '????,?*-0,t
., Most of the above aasumes, as Time
Inc": contends, that the material in
t"Khruachey Remembers" is indeed'
authentic Xhruschev.
Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RpP80-01601R000800410001.-2
?
?
Approved For Release N?110404 : CIA-RDP80-016
new spring boohs
from
ret LIMO LA.:: El ED
GA PA ['ME
Washington and Moscow
BULGANIN SPEAKS
The Story of Marshal Bulganin
3 gns. February
This massive new work, which is sure to cause a
publishing sensation, is not so much Bulganin's
authenticated biography as personal memories dictated
by the Marshal into a hidden mike in his salt cellar. It is
preceded by an authentic introduction by Victor Zorza,
much of which has appeared in corrupt form in first
editions of the Guardian, and accompanied by copious
notes by Tibor Szamuely smuggled out of the Spectator,
but the meat of the work is Bulganin's own version of
what happened to him before he started investigating the
funny contraption on the bottom of his salt cellar.
Here at last is the truth about his split with Khruschev, in
not one but five equally valid versions. Here at last is the
true picture of those dark days under Stalin, when no
man knew what innocent speech delivered to miners
might not be used twenty years later to pad out an
autobiography. But here, above all, are the words and
reminiscences of a man who, for all we know, might have
been dead for years.
A LETTER OF PROTEST
Mstislav Rostropovich
25/- March
This letter by the world-famous Russian cellist,
protesting against Solzhenitsin's treatment, has been
? declared by some experts to be a forgery?some have
even gone so far as to say that it was written by
Rostropovich himself. We are satisfied, on the contrary,
that this is a completely authentic document produced by
the CIA wildgilipipa. (01.4BilayrAviii
. it au n..
time meddretrAth ThdanorInf 4
introduction is by Edward Crankshaw.
THE WIT AND THE WISDOM
OF THE KGB
45/- April
It is now general knowledge that much of the Russian
writing printed recently in the West has been partly
authored by the KGB, and critics have felt that this
reflects on the quality of the material. We feel, on the
contrary, that some of their interpolations are of a very
high quality, and we are proud to present this anthology
from works they have failed to flog in the West.
Outstanding are some satirical verses by Mikoyan, of a
standard that he himself could never have reached, some
short stories written for a young writer who died before
he could be brought to trial, and some anecdotes
omitted from Kruschev Remembers by mistake. There are
also some telling epigrams, probably written by the
KGB between books, and some incriminating doodles
done by Kuznetsov in Moscow after he had fled to
England. There is a long preface signed by Tibor
Szamuely on which Edward Crankshaw casts doubt in a
short foreword signed by Victor Zorza.
Copyright CIA Washington
THE
TRUTH
ABOUT
VICTOR
ZORZA
Edward Crankshaw
?2 March
For many years Edward Crankshaw, the famous
Kremlinologist, has been studying all the writings,
however obscure and trivial, of Victor Zorza. Most people
believe that this Russian expert, who rules over Gray's
Inn Road with a fist of iron, is a man called Victor Zorza,
but Crankshaw's evidence throws doubt on this.
"Much of his work appears in the Guardian," he
comments, "a journal which has always been noted for
revising original copy with so-called 'misprints.' At first
I believed that his real name might be Korka, or even
Sorsa."
Now, however, he thinks it likely that Zorza is not one
man at all, but two Russians, an American and a telex
machine.
***Edward Crankshaw, the well-known Sovietologist, is a
team of five embittered Poles.
DEAR SIR...
Edward Crankshaw
15/6 January
This is in fact a short letter from Kremlinologist
Crankshaw to his tailor complaining about a suit, which
was sent to us by mistake and automatically published.
But there is a good deal of new material in the long
foreword by Tibor Szamuely, as well as some hitherto
unknown footnotes by Victor Zorza, and the letter itself
:
itaiamAnctworigiero century
y2 e e n
certified authentic by the author.
?
! Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80
ATLAS
Feb 1911
pr
..",r.71..
C../ L.:: ...I
I
r11 FIR p r_Dca PI
:11..stiLL
';.?1111.-..1_\
1..AJt.juLi UuL11.1
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STAT1NTL-
Ec
V;6717.) ftf [In rnnq
Uilu L TLEIHI
or,dead comrades tell no tales
?
. Translated from DIE ZEIT, Hamburg ? , ?
. Both the KGB and.the C.I.A. are known to work hard at tailoring history
/ i
- to suit them. But rarely can they have been so calculatingly creative 1
. . as ii . dishing up the Khrushchev `memoirs'?although each agency??
modestly declines authorship in favor of the other. Where Mr. K. fits :
in is unclear. We suppose they sent him a copy. Anyway, it's getting .
/ harder and harder to distinguish fib from falsehood. Wolfgang Ebert,:
the Art Buchwald of the-German press, thrashes it all out in this semi-
' satire from the weekly Die Zeit.
?
. ..
ET WOULD BE sensational if it
- ? u were ever to come out that the
Khrushchev memoirs were ac-
. ' tually. wiitten. by Khrushchev.
' For the moment the Kremlin in-
sists they were written by the
C.I.A., and in Washington they
tend to see the . handwriting of ..
their colleagues in the KGB., -
These suppoSitions throw a dubi- '
ous light on the strange activities
of the secret services. Apparently
each service has its own literary
department.
I asked Captain Spider of the ?
C.I.A. how it feels to be a secret
writer. "Very frustrating," he ?
said, "because you can never sign
? your own work. You dream of
some day writing the great Amer- '
ican novel, and off you go on.
another memoir assignment. And
your own .style is ruined 1? y.con-
stantly trying to 'imitate some- ?
? ? IT.,,j.:5116.?4,
body else's style. If you only
knew what talents are withering
away in the daily routine of the
secret service:"
I asked him about the Khrush-
chev,memoirs. "The KGB beat us
to it this time," replied Capt.
Spider, who is believed to be re-
sponsible for several portions of
the Penkovsky papers.
"Do you mean the C.I.A. wanted
to hit the market with its own set
of memoirs?"
"Yes, and a damned fine piece
of work if I may say s6. The fel-
low who wrote up the evenings
with Stalin has a nickname?we
.call him Hemingway. .NONV the
whole effort is wasted. Pity."
"What is your literary opinion
of the KGB version?"
"We. had more individualists
on the project, but the KGB
works more as a team. And the
Russians took more literary lib-
erties than we could afford, since
we have Svetlana here. Svetlana
is a great 1,Vriter herself. She will
probably honor us with her own
Khrushchev memoirs."
"Do you. approve of statesmen's
'memoirs being written by secret
services?" 0 ?
"Definitely. You can't leave a
matter like that up to the sthtes-
nien. They hardly ever know
_what really goes on. Think how
-exciting the memoirs of Aden-
-auer and De Gaulle .would have
been. if a few of our 'colleagues
had written them."
"What . are you working on
now?"
"On the guaranteed authentic
diaries of Liu Shao-Chi, with sen-
sational insights into the Cultural
Revolution. But we have to hur-
ry, OLir literary 'agents have
learned through aerial reconnais-
. sance that the KGB is already on
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GUARDIAN
?
WEEKLY - CrRC.N-A
Q -1s71
?
?
1 .?
.12 I Tilt'/
rt. _
STAT I NTL
VICTOR ZOE ZA has deduced that the Khrushchev memoirs nov
published in the West are not genuine and that the American
Central Intelligence Agency has had a hand in them. Here he gives
his reasons for thinning they are not by Khrushchev: next week
he explains how he thinks the CIA was involved.
K andi theH
? ?
,
.. -:_i____.__.
? - ' The American publisher of
"Khrushchev Remembers" de-
clares in an intrbductory note that
the book is made up of material
emanating from various sources
at various times and in various
circumstances." But he is "con-
vinced beyond any doubt; - and ?
has taken pains ,t.o confirm, that
this is an authentic record of
Nikita Khruslichev's words."
These are not memoirs, the
publisher insists, but "reminis-
cences." However, for the sake of
convenience, I will follow the
usage which has been generally
adopted and will refer to them as
memoirs.
? Spokesmen for "Life," and the
shall group of men directly con-
cerned in arranging the 'publica-
tion, refuse to state on record any
fact concerning the provenance of
the material. However, they have ?
spoken off the record both to offi-
dals and to journalists of repute
in the United States, which makes
it possible to build up a compo-
site picture of the claims they
make for the book's origins.
It is claimed that the material
came in the first place from mem-
bers of the Khrushchev family?
Ns daughter Rada, her husband
Alexey Adzhpbey, the former edi-
tor of "Izvestia" who, after the fall
of Khrushchev, was given an in-
significant journalistic post with a
picture magazine, and another
son-in-law, Lev- Petrov, also a
journalist, who died some months
ago. ?
The stOry is difficult .to credit,
because these members of the
Khrushchev family ? w.ctuld have
enough experience of international
affairs to realise that their role
. ? ? -
? The Khrushchev memoirs, which have been
.described l as the publishing. sensation of the decade
are more than. that: There is a great deal of
evidence to suggest that they are the publishing
-hoax of the century. They do not come from:
Khrushchev. nor, as has often. been asserted, from
the ,"disinformation department" of the KGB in
.
Moscow? although both Khrushchev and the KGB
had something to do with them. On this occasion,
however, the Kremlin's "Department D," as it is
familiarly known in the trade, seems to have had
the cooperation of its American counterpart, the
"department of dirty. tricks" in the 'Central Intelli-
gence Agency, which loolS?like being responsible
. for the final product.
The evidence for this view which it has taken
me more than a month to collect, will certainly
7 be disputed. The reader will have to make up his
own mind on the facts presented in this series.' I
./ spoke to Svetlana Stalin (now Mrs Wesley Peters)
in Arizona, and to Milovan Djilas, the former
Yugoslav leader, in Belgrade. I have questioned
the Russian pianist Vladimir Ashkenazy, who has
.now made his home in Iceland, about the refer-
ences to his activities which appear .in the book.
But above all else, I have been checking the facts
: In every accessibie source ? trOm the war archives
captured by the German, to old copies of "Pravda."
, - There are literally hundreds of errors of fact, of
time, and of place in-the book?but the publishers
. claim that these prove nothing. Mr Ralph Graves,
the managing editor of "Life" 'magazine, which
Obtained .the material .and then syndicated it
. throughout. the world, says that Mr Khrushchev
, is "remembering at a fairly advanced age, and I
think it is perfectly natural for. him to misplace
some dates, places, chronology."' '
. .
'It7.11ritsheitet, Renzenrit
ptvi5ivvettivrit it?eleasei 12,0 0 1 it WidAtt ;r k*
417c04,?01
STAT I NTL
- and Would ruin what rethairied ot
their careers. and even their
liberty.
Whatever motives they might
have for 'wishing to publish
Khruslichev's memoirs, they
would not trust their lives to
"Life." And, as the disclosure of
their names in the American
press shows, they would have
been right. Even though "Life"
might now deny, for the record,
that they had played any role in
the matter, their names have been
published and the KGB would
' certainly follow up any such clue
with the utmost thoroughness .and
would find out anything there is
to find out?as they would have
known in advance.
.?
The theory widely held in Ameri-
can official quarterst---which deny
that the CIA could possibly have
had anything to do with it?is that,
whatever the origins of the
material might be, at some stage
the KGB got in on the act. The
date quoted most often is late
August when Victor Louis, .the
KGB's international journalistic
"fixer," travelled from Moscow
to Copenhagen for a week's meet-
ing with staff members of "Time-
Life."
At the same time, however, it
is claimed that the "Khrushchev"
material had been reaching "Life"
in dribs and drabs for something? ?
like 18 months, during which the
work of editing and translation ?
was proceeding apace. Indeed,
some American officials profess
to believe that the Moscow pur-
veyors of the material intended it
to be published in Old West in
time for the twenty-fourth party
Congress in March, since post-
poned to Mai3414aa r.
PRIP cation of the memoirs,
114 is that
with their outspokenly anti-Stalin-
Deutsch al 70s. KGB would catch up with them,
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British Experts. Doubt Authenticity g
or Khrushchev
P
?
?
By ANTHONY LEWIS
Seelat to The Ness' Titres *,
LONDON, Jan. 24?British
experts on the Soviet Union,
reviewing "Khrushchev Remem-
bers," have been much more
skeptical than some American
reviewers about the authentic-
ity ? of the purported memoirs
of the former Soviet leader.
"Totally worthless for the
serious student of contempo-
rary history"? that was. the
judgment of Leonard Schapiro,
professor at the London School
V Economics, in The Sunday
Times of London today.
Professor Schapiro suggested
that the Soviet secret police
had concocted the book of pur-
ported memoirs and had got it
out to the West to cause con-
fusion and to advance the
Communist cause.
David Floyd, Communist Af-
fairs expert for The Daily Tele-
graph, concluded that the book
was "not genuine." He believes
that somebody in the West pre-
paedd the book.
Victor -orza, in The Guard-
ian, devoted a series of five
long articles to arguing that the
United States Central Intelli-
gence Agency was the source.
' Book Termed Hoax -
He termed the book a hoax
and a scissors and paste job of
the C.I.A., which, he said,
hoped to repeat its "most suc-
cessful operation' of all time"
-;-the. publication of Mr. Khru-
shchev's anti-Stalinist secret
speech to the Soviet party con-
gress in 1956.
A group of 30 experts on the
Soviet Union, meeting in Wash-
ington earlier this month, con-
cluded that the memoirs were
authentic and had been released
to the West with the approval
of the present Soviet leader-
ship. The panel believed that
,most,..if not all the published
material, was in Mr. Khru-
slichev's words.
Sir William Hayter, who was
British Ambassador in Moscow
from 1953 to '1957, believes
that the hook is "basically
genuine" despite "odd and
sometimes inexplicable mis-
takes."
In a review IA The Observer
today, Sir William says: "I
knewL Khrushcliev fairly well.
emerged from obscurity and
I was in,;Moscow when he
cameti
-i'suptne -power. I met
him frequently on social occa-
sions, Having just emerged
from reading- the book I have
the strong impression of hay-
ing resumed my personal inter-
course with him.' .
- Sir William found that a
disturbing feature of the book
was "Khrushchev's extraordin-
ary incomprehension of the
realities of other countries:"
For Professor Shaphe the ; -
book also fails on the test of errieriabbrs9.
novelty, Ho argues that to his
own knowledge it contains.
"only a very few facts or state-
Dents which are new."
Mr. Floyd; in The Daily Tele-
graph, concluded:
"My impression is that com-
pilation of the 'memoirs'. could
well have been done in the West
where all the material for such
an operation was available, I
would not care to guess who or.
what institution Was. respon-
sible. 1 will only venture the
opinion that, with a little mpre
knowledge and more trouble(
they could have done a much
better job." ?
The Sunday Times, in addi-
tion to Professor Schapiro's re-
view, ran in full the review in
The New York Times on Jan.
3 by Harrison E. Salisbury say-
ing that the book was auth-
entic. The book was published
in the United States on Dec. 2.1
by Little, Drown Se Co.
Professor Schapiro, who is
Professor of Economics With
SpecialReference to Russian
Studies, specifically rejected
one theory that had been dis-
cussed in the United 'States
about the possibility of prepar-
ation by, the K.G.B.., the Soviet
Secret Police. This was that
elements in the Soviet police
agency had slipped the book
out to the West as part of a_
campaign in the Soviet to stop:
a return to Stalinism.
"Moonshine" was Professor'
Scha.piro's word for that idea.
The K.G.B., he said, would be
the first to promote a return to
Stalin's methods,
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, . . _
- ri....... .
,., r . ,..': %, e-, '71.? "1 4 ? . ?
- a KGB plant. .
' `"...-1G-:-2.1- -,2'.-?;;*'-1-:1-0 Another indication that the
.
- ? . ?KG3 was not the original
.
II (r",7 source of the document but got
-t c-V-- tr,'il- - ' ---
-7,do.P.YY'3../ ,I..i.e-
-: ? . ? .- - .to hear of it and tried to stop it,
. . 'is the experience:of Dr Heyvey,
I-
.1_11 ? ' .70 1
director of the, Department of
?;/!.i.1% ?-,..., x.r2ti-u, e,.. t!., ly.:1_. Medicine at .Tohnse Hopkins
.- * ? .Hospital in.Balthvore.
?? 0 T"' -- 9
-,., 11 .7?-3 :, 0 .3 ,
, , I- e was called 'to Moscow a
::.1 i,k E3 H ? . little More than a year ago to
.
".-4 ,: 11.e- .. 'Attend to a .female member of
.--,,,,, see) -. .. the Khrushchey ? family V.,tio
.'was , suffering. from . an
intestinalfli6ase. . , He spent
. ....,
By Henry Brandon ..
; the whole diy with the family
1Vashillgton ? - . :,, ? ..? and had a -chance to tatic to
..
Nikita Khrushchev.-
i TIIER.I.: is little disposition here ?
to accept, the theory of Vict- or .
among exports in Sovietoloeee';:'
Zorza in the Guardian that the ?
..?returned to Moscow,. KGB
'agent's visited .him and his wife
Wholi in the evening he
in their Moscow hotel room,
?s,.o.e-craed tteiclle ?Kyloirrits:.:c!iii-ielyi,2,o,27.,!.!-,e,
ordered them to ? undress and
the '-`1,I.:L:i; . subjected them to a search,
Intelligence Agency. ? ! v.-hose . thoroughne ss could took over " the KGB's efforts 1
i hardly be equalled by a inedi-
to infiltrate the Khrwchey +
i cal . specialist. The KGB's
.material into the West. ' -1:! si Orders were clearly to make
M:',!... coitain that the doctor did not
? Richardi?ec?rdiiiITl%,11111:e"Ir-Jcecasd o t carry anything abroad
? CIA, at ohe point went to New .
York and saw Mi' HedleY EN.1.1.; -11:i lir Louis - ?
Donovan, editor-in-chief of -
. Time-Life, in the huo of find' '? The rumour that Mr VictOr
ing out how Time-Life Incor? Louis (who before now, has
paroled obtained the document.. 'been an apparent? agent of the
_Donovan refused to give any ? KGB in the West) acted as
information. Helms pleaded intermediary in the case Of the
but Donovan still refused on :1thrushehey Memoirs 'is aleo
;the grounds that it could discounted by the experts
jeopardise those who provided .11ere. But definite proof one
Time-Life with the memoirs. :way or the other seems to be
-
At the State Department this lacking on this point.
week some .30 experts on the . -
Stephen Fay v.-rites from New
Soviet -Union convened lc di.-, york:
CUSS iniOrmally the riddle of Mr Ralph Graves, of Time Life
the memoirs. They reached a Inc, disclosed to me here this
broad concenstis that the.y were v.-eek that Life, is actually
authentic. There was , also 3 bond by a contractual promise
majority belief that the KGB not to reveal the origins Of the
got in on the act it. some poiet, Khrushchev memoirs'. Not only
but not at the start. The idea does this bind them never to
that the KGB invented the reveal the sources it also pre
memoh?se or that Mr Alexander vents them from saying, with
Shelepin?who was formerly in whom the contract is. ?
charge of' the secret police, On the theory that the CIA
engineered the whole thin?, to Was involved, Graves says:
'advance his own political inter- !`,oe CIA has been asking Us
Such a notion is silly because
ests and to hurt Ir brezonee.
Lie .
the -present party leader, was
very mcely if we can . tell :
.discounted. ? . ' - . them anything about it." Ire
? ? - * ? also points to the fact that
Tr.(1-1,
Jeet.i. teti.' cile, A.7Tb . pa a single reviewer in the US
'The theory that. made most has cast doubt on the authen-
sense to the experts on Soviet tic:ity of the memoirs. .-..",
affairs .at the meeting was that ?
somebody with personal Pccess
to Khrusehev got the DIC`illoirs
started. for politico-philosoph?
cal reasons, but without the
knowledge of the KGB. When ?
the latter became aware of this'
project and of the fact tir:It
some of the material had ..?
already reached sources outside :. : .?
the I.JSII, they tried to main- !
:-
pulate it by proceeding, to ? :
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tieity, on the t that ta.
. host way to kill the story was
. f ri I-1 r,-!?,? d f lic. worcl?l10. il wl:
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? CompRed troni..
' -- Associated Press and P.euter dispatches
London
? In the light of differing opinions by ex-
perts, the authenticity of the recently pub-
lished "Khrusbehev xernembers? remains
uncertain.
British 'Communist-affairs expert Victor
.Zorza claims the "memoirs" are a forgery.
.He-asserts that the li:GB (the Soviet Secret
Service) had a large hand in producing the
writings' and then planted them with a Life
magazine source. According to Mr. Zorza,
the CIA attempted to thwart theoperation.
Meanwhile,- a meeting in Washington of
U.S. experts on Soviet affairs has concluded
_
The v;ritings were authentic because of their
repeated atthcks on the -Stalin regime. For
this very reason the experts concluded that
the "memoirs" never Could have been re-
leased with the approval or the Soviet lead-
ership; and this, they felt, precluded a d.e-
liberate trick on the part of the Soviet Gov-
ernment. The conference, however, could
notagroe as to liow the writings were trans-
retted titi foreign 'sources.
. ? .
Soviets 1.)2ned. . .
The British Communist Party, for its
part, has blamed the Soviets for withhold-
ing the official records of Jose.ph Stalin's
rule, documents that, it says, could deter-
mine whether the "memoirs" are.authentic:'
The party also claims that Soviet secrecy is,
another cause of the growing ? Western in-,
terest in the writings.
? The criticism of the Russians came in an
'article by Sam Russell, foreign editor .of the
.Morning Star, the newspaper of the Britisiv.
'Communist Party. The party has. taken no'
-position on the authenticity of the writings..
-
Answering claims that errors in the'
Khrushchev "memoirs" can be attributes
to the author's, advanced age, .Mr. Zorza
rays many of the "literally hundreds" of
errors could not conceivably have been
made by Mr. Khrushchev, "however imper-
.fect his memory might be"
? ?1i7
Edit!, tt
S.
7
?4' re-,
f:tit.: if tl-j? (-3
STATINTL
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BALTII.10 .pyl-
JAN 1971
? Khrushchev Memoirs Called
Fraud, Linked To CIA KGB
v
London, ThdtSday, Jan. 211 series would present .the evi-
(Reuter)?A eiiihmunist affairs dence pointing to CIA involve-
expert, Victor Zorza, said today ment. ,
that the Khrushchev memoirs Mr. Zorza rejects a claim by
Were a forgery in which both the Ralph Graves, managing -editor
KGB the Soviet Secret. Police of Life magazine, that errors in
and the CIA played a part. the Khrushchev memoirs can be
?? In an article in the Guardian, attributed to .the author's ad-
Mr. Zcirza said the memoirs vanced age.
have been described as the pub-
lishing sensation .of the decade.
But there was a great deal of
.evidence to suggest that they erally hundreds"?could not
? Were the publishing hoax of the conceivably have been made by
century', he said. Mr. Khrushchev .himself, "how:
He said tne memoirs did not ever imperfect. his memory
come from the former Soviet might be."
leader nor, aS had been assert- He said his evidence had, tak-
ed, from the "disinformation de- en hini a Month. to collect and
Partment" of the KGB in Mos- that he had looked .for, people
cow, though both Mr. Khruschev who figure In the book and who
and the KGB had something to alone 'could confirm or 'deny
do with them.. - . some of the facts mentioned. To
Mr. Zorza claims that the this end he had talked to Stalin's
KGB planted some of the mate- daughter Svetlana, now Mrs.
Hal on Life magazine arid that Wesley Peters, in Arizona,.a for-
the CIA then moved in to thwart mer Yugoslav leader, MiloVan
the operation. . Djilas, and the Soviet pianist
Ile said later articles in his Vladimir Ashkeh,azy.. ... .
?
Mr: Zorza claims that his arti-
cles will shoW that many of the '
errors?of which there are "lit-
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n
10) fl -
L ; L
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[
iii II *A I Iti ii Li 6 Ili 1:.) d ii Oi V ? iji, Ulf ill] id ii 11 '1(
-
? -101-11\I CHARIBEFILAIN
. Whig goes on in the upper reaches of
?the Moscow . Communist hierarchy,
here everything is supposed to be
tightly controlled but apparently is not?, :
,The latest evidence of cross-purposes '
is the release of former Premier Nikita
'Khrushchev's Supposed memoirs to Life :
magazine. As might have been expected, -
the Khrushchev view of Joseph Stalin, as
presented in the memoirs, is as dour as -
ever: Stalin was a madman who had poi-
seined the good milk of Leninist doctrine
and practically drowned Russia in blood.
Since the official Moscow policy of the
moment calls for the partial rehabilita-
tion of Stalin, Why should the memoirs
have been:peddled? ? -
- - . The Moscow mystery journalist, Vic-
tor Louis, who writes for London's Eve-
ning _Nev.'s, .was the broker in the deal.
. .
What is Victor . Louis' relation to the
Communist hierarchs? lie is supposed to
be in the good -graces of the KGB, the
Soviet secret police.
The deal worked out with Life at the
Hotel WAngleterre in Copenhagen was
not the first of its kind in Louis' career.
In 1966, at the time of the Sinyavsky-
Daniel trial in Russia, when Soviet in-
tellectuals were being put under the gun
for allowing their manuscripts to go to
the West, Victor Louis was a go-between
in the strange "exile" tour of Valcry
_Taris, a disaffected Russian writer,
through Britain and the U.S. _ ?
:... The only logical explanation of
.the Tarsis "exile" whieli had been
_ . permitted was Ant the Kremlin ?
.2 . counted on Tersis to discregt him- *
_ self, the theory being that his ex-
pected 'eccentricities might cause
-
Westerners to think Sinyavsky and
Daniel were dubious characters also.
? Whatever is behind Victor Loo is' activ-
ities, they add up to a confusion. Check-
ing with. Sovietologistse one finds there
are severairadically opposed theories of
the motives behind the leak of the:,mern-
oirs whose authenticity Khrushchev him-
self has repudiated.
? One theory is that there is a dissident
group in the KGB, end in the Politburo
'itself, that is anti-BrezhneV and dbesn't
. .
want to see Stalin rehabilitated.
Another theory is that the Krem-
lin is looking for an excuse to ee-
clare.KhruGhch.er an caeray of the
state for allowing his memoirs to be
sold outsif.le Russia. A third theory.
is that the CIA has had a hand in-the
whole business. This- would have to
mean there are &AIM& agents 'Inside
the KGB itself.
The confusion indicated in Moscow
over the Khruslichev memoirs .comes at a
welcome time for the West, for Christian
Duevel's annual analysht of the Soviet
Central Committee's 'October Slogans.
for Radio Liberty is not very encourag-
ing. ?
Ever since 196.7 the Kremlin had called
every October for the "consolidation of
all anti-imperalist peace-loving- forces"
to struggle against "reaction and,war."
But now the phrase "peace-loving" has
been dropped from the slogan. This, as
Duevel surmises, means that the Soviets.
arc willing to accept help feom anybody
in their machinations against the \Vest..
Any Palestinian guerrilla organization,
whether Miloist or not, is to be. accepted
in the "anti-imperialist struggle."
s There are other subtle changes in the
slogans that indicate a more intransigent
Soviet foreign policy all down the ripe:
What this portends for the SALT talks
about a mutual limitation of armaments
is not exactly encouraging. The main
hope of the West is that a struggle for
power in Moscow itself is Making it
difli-
cult for the tougher ?varmongers in the
Kremlin.?
Sometime later Louis offered an alter-
native version Of the memoirs of Stalin's
daughter Svetlana to the West. Since
Svetlana was -on American soil and
hence pi-..-rfeetly capable-of marketing her
own wares, which the Kremlin wanted
suppresed, could the intention of the
Victor Louis diversion have been to mess
up the copyright situation? And possibly
the Kremlin counted on the pictures that
' sent with the alternative Manuscript to
tell an anti-
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L . L
MOSCOW (API -- Kremlin se- Communist party General Secre- from the real go-between.
crecy has long made Moscow a
city of mysteries, but few of
them have stirred as much spec-
ulation in embassy chanceries
and ordinary households as the
Khrushchev memoirs being pub-
fished in Life magazine.
Ever since Time, Inc., an-
nounced earlier this month that
it would publish the reminis-
cences of former Premier Nikita
S. Khrushchev, a long series of
unanswered questions has been
raised.
Are the papers authentic, as
Life asserts? Art they a fabrica-
tion, possibly produced by the
U.S. Central Intelligence Agen-
cy, as the Soviet government
newspaper Izvestia claims? If
they were really produced by
Khrushchev, how did they get to
the West? And whose interest is
being served by their publica-
tion?
Kremlin Blessing Seen
One of the latest theories, said
to be true by a Soviet informant
Who has furnished reliable infor-
mation in the past, is that the
reminiscences are authentic and
were published with the blessing
of high Kremlin officials.
tary Leonid I. Brezhnev. -
The first installment, pub-
lished in the Nov. 27 issue of
Life, contains numerous factual
errors. The. infrothint said this
is because Khrushchev did them
from memory.
The Kremlin believed that by
getting the memoirs 'published
with the errors intant, ? the in-
formant said, the project might
be discredited.
Khrushchev would then get so
upset this line of reasoning
The informant said Khrush-
chev started dictating the remi-
niscences on a tape recorder as
a documentation of his years as
premier and chief of the Com-
munist party.
High officials learned of the
project, the informant said, and
hoped to discredit and stop it by
making the early portion availa-
ble for publication abroad before
revision and editing.
The memoirs have not been
published before. Time, Inc.,
says they go only up to 1962. The
informant .said the Kremlin did
not want to see them carried
through* to 1934, the year
? ? Khrushchev was ousted by the
collective leadership headed by was an international diversion
. .
Theories abound that the Sovi-
et secret police had a hand in
the matter for unclear reasons.
Other speculation suggests that
some internal Soviet political
split or fractional rivalry was
involved.
-Another version is that the
publication would somehow
serve the purposes of the Com-
munist party and its 24th Con-
gress next March.
No solid basis for any of these
versions has been established.
goes, that he would abandon the Until one is, the speculation is
project. likely to go on and on.
Those who question this theory
point out that the Kremlin has
many ways of stopping Khrush-
chev without all the fuss and
publicity that is accompanying
publication in the West.
The controversy has brought
Khrushchev back into the spot-
light after years of obscuriV.
For the first time since shortly
after his ouster, his name ap-
peared in the Soviet press ? as
a signature on his denial that he
sent any memoirs to any pub-
lisher, in the East or the West.
No Firm Denial
The vague wording or his
statement and its failure to deny
that he had prepared any mem-
oirs only added to the mystery,
however.
An early theory was that the
memoirs were taken abroad by
Victor Louis, an enigmatic Sovi-
et citizen who frequently seems
to serve as an East-West go-
between. A Scandinavian report
that Louis stayed in a Copenhag-
en hotel at the same time as two
Time-Life editors last summer
seemed to back up this theory.
Louis denied any connection
with the project, however, and
there are many who feel he is
being truthful. They reason that
he is too obvious a channel and
that his presence in Copenhagen
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? .
.THE KHRUSHCIIEV
? , PAPERS
? It was never safe for a reader to judge
a book by its cover. Now you Can't even
be: sure col" the author, at least if he is
? purported to be a former Soviet premier
like Nikita S: Khrushchev. His alleged
memoirs are being published by Life mag-
azine in a swirl of controversy. ?
Time Inc., which publishes flfe, has
refused t say where it ? obtained the
. Khrushchev material, whieh it calls his
authentic ,reminiscences. Before their
publication, Khrushchev denounced them
as a "falsification." So did Svethma, the
emigre daughter of Khrushchev's old
buddy, Stalin, after she read the first
installment. ?
In the absence of any convincing proof
of authorship, some Western students of
Kremlin psychology have advanced an
involved theory that the memoirs really
Were produced by KGB, the Soviet secret
' police. The idea is that their publication
in the West would discredit Khrushchev
.and those of his men still in positions of
power. It would also, so runs this theory,
help destroy the reputations of all other
Russian writers whose works are pub-
lished clandestinely in the West.
As if possibly stung by an arrow that
'struck too close to home, Izvestia, the
Soviet government newspaper, countered
this, theory with the contention that the
? fraudulent memoirs were fabricated by
KGB's .Ametican counterpart, the Central
, Intelligence Agency.
. lf;_he were still alive, this would be
the moment for Ian Fleming to. appear
. I on the: scene, brush aside the KGB
and CIA as contenders for the honors
? of authorship, and claim them for his own
. creation, James Bond. If you are going
to have a ghost writer for Khrushchev,
.you might as well use a superspy who
could also write. ? .
. ? .
STATI NTL
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? WARREN -OHIO
TRIBUNE CHRONICLE
E 40,058
INV 27 1n7o
Lively Nonperson ?
???? ?
Whatever is behind the -unusual'
manner in which former Soviet Premier.
:Nikita Khruslichev's book is being-1
published in the West, the mystery has
.:become almost as. intriguing as any-
thing the book might contain..
Khrushchev has been a nonperson .
in the Soviet Union Since he was. re- ?
MVO from power. His name never.
...appears in the propaganda organs, and
the former premier has made only one
or two personal appearances since his
mister. ? ?
Soviet citizens, officially at least, ?
,! did not know the former premier had
? prepared his memoirs until a notice was
circulated by Tass in which Khrush-
chev _supposedly claimed the forth-
coming publication of his :%vork was a,
"fabrication."
"I have never passed On inernoirS of
this kind to foreign publications,"
Khrushchev said in his statement. "1
? ,did not turn over such materials to
? Soviet publishers, either," he added.
The London Times, which is pub-
lishing the memoirs, says it believes
the entire .400,006-word text is in the
hands of the KGB, the secret police,
which the paper says, "for reasons of
7 its Own sold excerpts to the West."
Adding interest to this ebnjecture.
is the fact Khrushchev was one of those
responsible. for having Deria, former
'KGB chief, executed. Thus, the mystery.
? about Khrushchev's writings ? or tape:-
. recordings, as some believe them to be
? is surrounded by fascinating
possibly including another
- power struggle between the secret:
police and the present Kremlin rulers.'
About the only way the pudgy ex-
! ruler could possibly top all, this is if
he said in his memoirs be was actually.
.a CIA agent. Even the rumor mill has.
. not suggested that.
01:.!
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pjU-3tjrcko Tr:TT0.1J111
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' 5 NOV 1910
(portion missing
newspaper)
111) . ? %Or rill' A on *M'c'IT!
7-2) Iro ri tu-LA
"vv ,u ?dta
? -
tFron V?ti;z. S:reccsl the forgery a id ometer away."
I MOSCOW, Nov. 24?lzvestia
charged today that the reminis-
cences of former Premier
Nikita S. KhruSlic'nev
published abroad ai:e fraudiir
lent .and suggested that the
United States Central Intelli-
gence Agency had a hand in
creating them.
The government ne.,.7speper
said the .Khrushchev papers
? being published in Life maga-
zine belong in a class with "all
kinds of false memoirs" writ-
ten by the CIA and 'other
frora . western intelligence agencies._
obtained the Khruslichev
?Life, to explain where, it the western consumer without
terial gives rise to such. strong much thinking, their products,
as a rule, give rise, to great
suspicions that "you can .sense doubts. even among those who
The newsparer also quoted
Khrushchev's statement last
weak that "all this is a
falsification." It did not discuss
the content of the. reminis-
cences.
Izvcstia termed the Khrus-
hchev memoirs a "pr4ganda
dish cocked u A the kitchens
Of the CIA." ?
?"No matter, *di ?liai'd the
cooks in foreign tifehens of
ideological subversive activities
and falsifications try to prepare'
such a memoir ? dish which
would be credulously taken by
?
1 themselves specialize on tai-
1 Soviet concoctions," it said.
STATI NTL
?
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1 2 5 NOV 137t3
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s TAT I N
.By Anthony Astrachan
Washington Pest !or Service
-
M 0 S C 0 A,. Nov. 24?The
memoirs attribiu ed in. the
West to Nikita Khrushchev
are falsifications by the "impe-
rialist strategists of ideologi-
cal warfare," Izvestia said
today.
A long Izvestia article
_seemed to echo an editorial in
Pravda yesterday that de-
-mended firmer ideological
training for ' the struggle
against burgeois subversion.
. This suggested to some ob-
,-servers that the Kremlin was
genuinely concerned lest the
memoirs' insights into Soviet
leaders' guilts and flaws
ivefteli the ideological dedica-
lion of Soviet citizens.
? The memoirs will not be
published here, but their exist-
'epee and an idea of their con-
tents stems known to many
more Muscovites than usually
talk about news broadcasts
from abroad.
The article :also fanned spec-
illations about spy story as-
pects of the memoirs and the
possibility that faction-fight-
ng in the Kremlin helped to
get them out of the Soviet Un-
ion?if they were indeed au-
thentic.
?
ck eragYrs
Izvestia compared the
Khrushchev reminiscences to
memoirs.. falsely ?attriblited to
the %late,. foreign _minister
Maim Lityinov and published
In the West; to the Penkovsk
papers, purported notes by a
Soviet spy that were later al-
leged to have been. shaped by
the CIA; and to..a book by the
late Soviet . economist Eugen
Varga whose authenticity b.:,
yet to be resolved.
"The Central Intelligenc
Agency of the United States i
directly involved in publica-
tion of all kinds of anti-Sovie'
purposes," the newspaper said..
The London Times, the Brit-
ish publisher of the Khrush-
chev: memoirs, said last week i
that the KGB, the Soviet se-
cret police, might have had a;
hand in their transmission to:
the West.
? -
Izvestia -quoted Vie to
Crankshaw, the British expertT
who wrote the introduction to;
"Khrushchev Remembers," as:
agent .B:IN-120 of the British i
Secret "IntMligence
Strobie Talbot,--the America ,
who translated the reminsc-
ences, was labeled a member)
of the "young cadres of the i
lzvesita . quoted VictOr
Zona, SovietologiSt of the
Manchester Guardian, as an'
expert who doubted the au-
t enticity of the Khrushchev
emoirs. Zorza is usually an
object of attack in the Soviet
press; Izvestia labeled him an
"old ? agent of .SIS" even
while quoting him.
. (In an' "open letter to the
faernlin" last week, Zorza
rote that "there is only one
way to establish the truth of
this?to make Mr. Khrushchev
available for questioriing" by a
Westerner,
. [Zorza suggested himself for
this task because the inter-
viewer should be "one known
for his critical attitude to the
Soviet Union" and his own
writing "has often been de-
scribed in the Soviet press as
hostile" and he has ."spent
uch time nailing down anti-
Communist forgeries."]
Crankshaw suggested in his:
introduction that Soviet offi-
cials anxious to oppose the:
?eeping rehabilitation of Sta-
in must have had a hand in
getting the Khrqsbchey recol-
lections to the West. Western
observers in Moscow were inc-
lined to doubt Crankshaw's
thesis.. p .
?
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Approved For Release 2001/0k64'..`"Cl4-ciRDP8
VICTOR ZORZA STATINTL
-%effigrgri'tO l'ilgervllew Mr. Khrushchav
An open letter to the Krem-
lin: ? - ? ?
There is absolutely nothinl
you can dO to prevent the
Khrushchev memoirs from be-
- coming the publishing sensa-
tion of the decade, quite re-
gardless of whether they are
? . genuine or a fake. The more
denials are issued from Mos-
cow,the more publicity you
?. will build up for the book and
its serialization in the press:
And if you threaten to throw
out of Moscow the correspon-
dents of the papers which in-
tend to serialize the book? as
you threw some out over the
publication of the "Penkov-
sky Papers" ? you will only
alienate much' of western
opinion.
It is obvious from the con-
?- cern you have displayed that
? you too regard the publication
. -of the Khrushchev "Mem-
virs" as a most important
- matter. But, if you accept that
there is nothing you can do to
prevent publication or signifi-
cantly reduce its extent, you
can still accomplish a great
' deal if it could be firmly estab-
lished in Pie public mind that
it is, as the Khrushchev denial
. describes it, "a fabrication."
It has already been said,
?
however, that the Khrushchev
denial settles nothing, because
= it might_ have been forced
from him. It has also been
argued, as is-so often the case
with denials, that the words he
had used fall short of a com-
plete repudiation of the mate-
rial said to have come from
him. There is only one way to
establish the truth of this ? to
make Khrushchev available
for questioning at a press con-
ference. If his state of health
prevents this, then he should
be made available for an.
interview. If tne Interview is
given to a Soviet journalist, the
result would be greeted in the
West with the same skepticism
as Khrushchev's earlier deni-
al. He should therefore be in-
terviewed by a western jourl
nalist, and one known for his
critical attitude to the Soviet
Union, one who could not be
lightly accused by the publish-
ers of the memoirs of having
fallen for "Kremlin propagan-
da."
Obviously, an interview of
this kind would be a considera-
ble journalistic coup. If I were
the journalist interviewing Mr..
Khrushchev, what I would be
after would be the truth. This
Indeed is one of the reasons'
why I have long specialized in
the study of forgeries used in
East-West psychological war-
fare. Far too many of these
have been planted in the world
press. Your own psychologital
warfare departments have
. .
been kis active as those of
, some western countries. Over
the years, my personal con-
cern in this has been to pre-
serve the integrity of the
press, to show both to newspa-
per readers and to newspaper
writers that they are constant-
ly being got at by psychologi-
cal warriors who do not shrink
Leib the use of forgery.
Although my own writing
.has often been described in the
Soviet press as hostile, I have
spent much time nailing down
anti-Communist forgeries.
Many of these, as in the early
days of the Sino-Soviet dis-
pute, were designed to exploit
and to deepen the disarray in
the ' world Communist move-
ment. Your own propaganda
agencies were often able to.
use my articles to show up
such forgeries for what they
were, where their own word
would not have been accepted.
As recently as last year, a
western intelligence operation
succeeded, by the use of
forged documents, in causing
a diplomatic rift between the
Ivory Coast and the Soviet Un-
ion, The Soviet Novosti press
agency used my study of this
incident to show that the docu-
ment which it was accused of
circulating ? %which caused
all the trouble ?.had in fact
been a forgery.
, But perhaps the most nota-
ble case concerned the "Pzea;
kovsky Papers" in 1965. On
that occasion I produced 'a de-
tailed analysis which showed
that the memoirs attributed to
Oleg Penkovsky, the top west-
ern spy executed a few ye.:...r.s
before . that in the Soviet Un-:
ion, could not have been OW
..ly authentic. I also traced the /
parentage' of the "Penkoysky
-Papers" to the CIA. The East-
West propaganda battle which
raged around the papers at the
time ensured,. of course, that
the book became a best-seller.
The diplomatic protests by
? viet ambassadors in the West,
the scathing articles in the So-
viet press, the outraged deni-
als of the nook's authenticity,
only served to arouse greater
public Interest In it.
There is only one good way
to fight lies ? with truth. if
the Khrushchev book is a fake,
there are a number of ways in
which the truth can be made
to prevail, as I indicated in the
message which I sent to the
foreign ministry's press de-
partment in Moscow. However
. far apart you and I may be
politically, we Could work to-
gether in this matter to estab-
lish the truth because we have
a common interest in it ? pro-
vided, of course, that it is the
truth that you are concerned
? about. ?
coPYrIght 1970, yktor Zorza
_ _ . _ _
STATINT-L.
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a-
- 14 SEP 1970
T&7
[1::-.1
,Z1
1 1
7.7,17
11
E17,======7,.==a717:=:?aA
- EAST MEETS WEST
With West Germany busily strengthening ties
with the East, the Communists in East Germany
are turning their eyes to the West. The Ulbricht
government now is lining up embassy-size quar-
ters for its trade mission in London (which doesn't
recognize East Germany). And it is "merely a
coincidence," say the East Germans in London,
that the new West End digs they are eying in
Belgrave Square are within hailing distance of
Bonn's embassy.
NEW JOB, NEW FACES
Washington handicappers are busy picking the
man for the Capital's hottest new job, head of
the soon-to-be-created Environmental Protection
Agency. Two front runners to head the new $1.4
billion agency are GOP Gov. Raymond Shafer of
Pennsylvania and Assistant Attorney General
William Ruckelshaus, chief of Justice's. Civil
Division. The favorite for dark-horse bettors:
.John Whitaker, President Nixon's chief environ-
mental aide.
A SPY PLANE IS BORN
The JFK "oral history" tapes have added. a note
.to the history of the U-2 spy plane. An interview
with a former CIA deputy director dates its ori-
gin back to 1952. When the U.S. Air Force said it
couldn't photograph a Soviet missile base on the
Volga, the CIA persuaded the British to do it,
flying from Germany to Iran. London then said
it was its first and last such mission. The Air
Force still refused to build the plane the CIA ?
wanted, so the agency went to Lockheed on its
own and got the U-2.
MOSCOW IN THE MIDDLE EAST
Moscow isn't confining its Middle East "pres-
ence" to Egypt. After appeals from the Sudan,
just to the south, Soviet arms and technicians
have been shipped in to help the Khartoum gov-
ernment in its war on non-Moslem tribesmen.
,And Russia's powerful presence in Yemen, across
? the Red Sea from the horn of Africa, is giving
Ethiopia's Haile Selassie cause to worry that So-
viet aid may become available to his rebellious
subjects in Eritrea-25 miles from Yemen.
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STATI NTL
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ELTITRA, N.Y.
STAR?GAZF,TTE
D ? 51,075
TELEOR AM
? S ? 55,644
SEP 3 1970
CLevarag Up a Pretest
THE CENTRAL Intelligence
Agency should take carefill note
of he Soviet seizure of 15,000
sticks of American chewing gurn,
or else it's missing a great chance
to make propaganda points against
the Communists.
The gum was taken from a U.S.
industrial .exhibitor who wanted to
distribute it at a Moscow trade
fair. Gum chewing, it appears, has
long been banned in the Soviet
Union as a capitalistic vice.
Now suppose the CIA were to
smuggle hundreds of thousands?
even millions?of sticks of gum be-
hind the Iron Curtain and give
them away to Russians and citizens
of satellite countries. ?
. What a perfect protest method
for long-suffering oppressed- peo-
ples! They could get pleasure from
chewing while showing with their
chomping jaws what they think of
Red dictators (the especially daring
could blow bubbles). And if secret
police approached, gum chewers
could hide the evidence under
tables or chairs or, in extreme
emergencies, even swallow it.
Of course, this might produce
a sticky diplomatic fuss between
Moscow and Washington. But it
would be worth. it to have every-
body chewing away for freedom.
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rgTC).GO
22 JUL 1970
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ILET RUSSIA HAVE IT
Not so long ago youthful Soviet audi-
'ohms sat in rapt attention at performances
of the great Russian classics. But no
more. At a recent performance of Cluck-
hov's "Cherry Orchard" in Moscow, the
young Russians drank wine from bottles,
yelled obscenities, smooched their girl
friends, and raised such a racket that the
actors quit.
Trud, the labor newspaper, called this
display a "devlish disregard and immu-
nity to beauty," an ominous sign of moral
decay among Soviet youth. They would
rather tune in their transistor radios to
non-Russian broadcasts of Western hard
rock or buy Beetle records from tourists.
Their rapt attention now goes to a Czecho-
slovakian pop singer who can belt out
"The Age of Aquarius" and other songs
from the American hard rock musical
If the effort ' to instill "Soviet soul"
among the kids is losing out to this tough
competition from the West, as the Associ-
ated Press reported from Moscow, perhaps 1
the Central Intelligence Agency is over-
looking a splendid opportunity.
If the haphazard exposure of America's
decadent youth culture thru pirated re-
cordings and black market buys from the
occasional tourist has such a devastating
effect on Soviet youth, what could a
really professional CIA operation accom-
plish?
Imagine the effect on the Kremlin if the
CIA arranged to dump the whole rock
musical culture bit, complete with drugs,
electronic guitar and long hair, on the
Soviet Union. Russia would never be the
same. And neither would we. Peace might
even return to the United States. Or is
oF generation gap showing?
STATI NTL
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STATINTL
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IWO
Henry j. Taylor Sino-Soviet issue
AN undisclosed CIA break- /breakthru our CIA agents found that the
V
thru In Irkutsk, the capital of Kremlin's worries are concentrated on any,
Eastern Siberia, and con-
firmed by its agents, In Pe-
44.\ king, puts the potential Rus-
sia-Red China conflict in a
startling new light that Is
clearly causing the Kremlin to
burn the midnight oil.
Irkutsk is 3,225 miles and
. five time zones from Moscow and it's still an-
'
rapproachment between Japan and Red China.
For Russia's Far East domination hopes and
plans would suffer a complete disaster if a
Sino-Japanese rapproachment dominated Man- ?
churia. ,
Extending from the Irkutsk headquarters,
the Soviet Manchurian axis for Russia's posi-;
tion opposite China has always been Khaba-
rovsk, 400 miles north of Vladivostok, the Rus-
?sian-built port that blocked China from the Sea
other 1,500 miles to the Pacific, but Irkutsk

of Japan. The CIA agents find a command i
- polarizes the Kremlin's Far East position. , center has been expanded to Choibalsan, in ,
Mongtilia, only 75 miles from China's frontier.
:.. The guts of the confirmed revelation is the ? ri"
: Soviet problem of Manchuria ? Manchuria as i
' distinguished from the main body of Mao Tse- MOREOVER, the expansion began long after '
tung's Red China. ? the highly publicized border incidents in Hei- :
? ? * . lungkiang province on the Manchurian plateau t.
, ,-t-? and along the Ussuri River, which is a part of 1
Kremlin achieved this thru Mao Tse-
tung and thus achieved what the American the border ? the longest (4,150 miles) border '
- In the world, something like the distance from :
. Security Council's respected strategist, Stefan New York to Honolulu.
T. Possony, calls "history's fourth Manchuria- . ,
? ',based conquest of China." But in the bitter Our CIA agents located battle-tested Gen.
? rupture with Mao the egg has hit the fan. Vladmir F. Tolubko and Red Army chief of
It is impossible for Russia to be a truly staff Marshal Matvei Zakharov at Choibalsan..
world power without tremendous strength in Gen. Tolubko was deputy chief of Russia's ,
' the far East. The CIA breakthru in Irkutsk , strategic rocket forces and the principal advis-t
reveals that the Kremlin sees Manchuria (not er to the North Vietnamese in Hanoi.
t the body of Mao's China) as the real stake and Gen. Tolubko has been given a unified corn-
looks upon Russia as superman trapped in a mand of three assault groups ? the infantry,.'
t milk bottle without Manchuria. the armored branch and the air force. The
The Peking government divides Red China - Kremlin normally has about 18 divisions In the
t into six economic regions. Manchuria leads area. Our agents now count 52. Nine are mech-
; them all in electric power, steel, gold, oil, ma-- anized. And Gen. Tolubko, the rocket special-n
: chine tool, etc., output. Altho only fifth in area 1st, has moved a whole development of Soviet
. and population (50 million), it is first in Indus- missiles Into the area. 1
trial production. To us, therefore, the watchword in the Far A
Now, enter the increasing Kremlin problem East Is not Red China. It is Manchuria. That
of Japan. Japan. of course, is in a powerful . Manchuria could Involve a preventive war by!
-Far Eastern upsurge. It Is the greatest indus- the USSR against Mao's China Is not an auto-.
.
trial nation in the free world next.to the Unit- matte conclusion. But, based on the CIA (intl.'
ed States. 'Last November Japan also passed lags, if either Russia or Red China Is to pick a"
tWost Germanytas the tree world'a secondilarg-bilight.it appears that It is Russia Which woukti
, ANCIP,903111015WAStkeWARMOYAWAtiultsk so and totlehelebutiod etanch'-7
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31 May 1970
STATINTL
Uly deal with the Russians for Boris Pasternah's
rdiabliitatiiii?by his publisInr elvAlgiacoram
Dr. Zhivago was published in the West in
1957. Although the book brought Boris
Pasternak disgrace in ? Russia, abroad it
rapidly became a major best-seller, earning
him an estimated three million dollars. This
was held for Pasternak by wealthy Milan
publisher, Giangiacomo Feltrinelli, a radical,
ex-communist critic of Italian society who in !
15 years has created one of the world's lead-
ing publishing houses. Pasternak, who did
not want to give the Soviet authorities a
weapon against him by accepting Western
royalties, -took to sending Feltrinelli notes
asking him-- to pay sums of money as gifts to
?
various people. When Pasternak died in 1960
apparently without leaving a will, an ugly
dispute broke out as to what should happen
to the remaining fortune. Olga Ivinskaya,
Pasternak's mistress and the model for Lara
of the book, was jailed soon afterwards for, the
Russians said, illegally receiving some of
Pasternak's money. During all this trouble
Feltrinelli remained silent. Now he explains
for the first time his side of the Pasternak
affair and reveals that he recently signed an
agreement with the Soviet authorities for
Pasternak's fortune to go to Russia in return ?
,for rehabilitation of Pasternak's reputation.
STATI NTL
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1/4.) I !A I UM I L
DAILY SO T'T
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11 4 MAY 1SN
I Arnalrik is no fiction
Los Angeles
Dear ERIK BERT ?
Is it true that Andrei Amalrik
exists and lives in Moscow now,
or is it just a fiction?
?N.E.
beyond where Harper & Row, the
"U.S. publishers, left it. A blurb in
the flyer, by somebody called''
Peter Gardner, says Amalrik "in-
vites readers who can afford con- ?
structive criticism to write him at
By ERIK BERT Vakhtangov Street 5, Apartment
. Andrei Amalrik, the author of 5, Moscow G-2, U.S.S.R."
"Will the Soviet Union Survive un- ? Only a dim-wit would be taken'.
til 1984?" is "living in Moscow or.' in by Amalrik's alleged panting
? sonietimes in a cabin he and Gyu-?'; for "constructive criticism." The
sel (his wife) have bought for a ? purpose seems obvious. Amalrik's
few rubles on a state farm," ac- ? address is bait, offered to get U.S., )
cording to Henry Kamm, New addresses from unsuspecting
York Times correspondent, in a souls who are taken in by either
.preface to the volume. Kamm de- Amalrik. or Gardner, or the Book-f,
. scribes a visit to Amalrik's flat. '." of-the-Month Club. The massive-;
The book was reviewed by me distribution projected by the BMCi
in the Daily World of March 18. - should bring some returns, even'
It was published this year by on a low percentage-of-returns
Harper & Row, New York and basis. To what end? Probably,'
Evanston and Fitzhenry & White- only the CIA knows, and they
side, Limited, Toronto. It "was ' won't tell. ,.
' first published in the Russian Peter Gardner is uplifted by.
guage by the Alexander Herzen H Amalrik's anti-socialist, anti-.
Foundation . . . Amsterdam . . . ? Soviet effort. He wants to believe:'
The Netherlands," according to a in Amalrik's "apocalyptic fore-1
*note in the Harper & Row edition. ' cast" of the destruction of the
The Harper & Row dtit. jacket Soviet. Union. "The recipe for
reproduces a photograph showing / cataclysm already lies there, if;
Amalrik and his wife picketing Mr. Amalrik's judgment is true,",..
what is, according to Kamm, the. says Gardner.
British Embassy in Moscow in Gardner would have the Book-
1968 on behalf of "Biafra." of-the-Month Club audience , be-1
Amalrik's book has been chosen- lieve that Amalrik, a -serious and
this month by the Book-of-the- courageous thinker who believes
Month Club as an "extra book" telling the truth." represents a:]
which will be sent, it says. "with- "new, apparently fearless generat.'?4
: out charge to every Book-of-the tion of dissent."
Month Club member who buys an- , That "dissent" is not new,. .i ?
other book. i.''..There's.a..''special department in
The Book-of-the-Month Club, the CIA which `cultivates such4
part of its crusading effort in... "idealists" (as C.L. `Sulzberger.
the book's behalf. . : is sending a . New York Times foreign corres H.
-
copy to every college and univers- pondent, describes them.- in a?
ity library in the United States 2. blurb withio. the';,,BMC-Gatclnq
'and' Canada, with a 'suggestion blurb).??-? ?? ?;.
? !.
that it be called to the attention of ' ?
. the students and the faculty." So\;,
we are informed by a BMC ad-
vertising flyer.
The flyer assures us that "the-
book is being published beyond the
Iron Curtain with the author's full
spproVal."
takes this CIA-type project a step_
ik The Book-of-the-Month Club
? .1,
?
, .
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Approved For
31 August August 1969
'CIA director. wins
?liberal applause
By Henry Brandon
Washington, Saturday
,RICHARD HELMS, the CIA's
/director, has a personal tern-
/ perament. and public position
that naturally leads him to avoid
publicity. But this week he
just couldn't avoid it.
First the C I A felt it had
to clear its name of some of
the accusations made against its
involvement in the Green
Berets murder of a Vietnamese
double-agent. Then Helms
roused the anger of Secretary
of State William Rogers for
having inspired the report that
Soviet officers have asked East
European Communist leaders
fcir their reactions .should Russia
launch a preventive nuclear
strike against China's nuclear
installations.
Mr Helms' " cover's was
blown by the reporter of a
Washington evening paper who
did not partake in this unusual
intelligence " feast" offered by
helms to a handful of reporters.
Roger reportedly was angered
because he thought this story
played into the hands of Soviet
propagandists and could be used
as proof by Peking that the US
is ganging up with Russia
against China. But no one
denied the story. , attributed
Helms. It was a classic case of
how intelligence and':diplomacy.
can collide.
As to the American public's
confusion about all this, it may
well find itself in agreement
with something Mr Rogers
recently said admonishingly to
the Senate'Foreign Relations
Committee: "It would be very.
. helpful if You will ask yourself
what it is that you would do
differently than we are now
,doing, keeping in mind that you
may not know what we are
doi ng."
But despite these setbacks,
Helms, a modern, shrewd man
who has retained a sense of
humour, has managed to give
his agency the kind, of face?
without being . faceless?that
becomes his organisation.
Helms has sought to present
the secret intelligence estimates
factually without getting in-
volved in policy-making con-
troversies. And at a time in
world history .when some of the
most important policy decisions
depend on the estimates of the
enemy's nuclear strategic ar-
senal, which is perhaps today
CI A's most vital task, this is
not easy. ?
Moreover, until the Green
Berets affair brought the
agency's "cloak and dagger
operations back into the head-
lines, it was enjoying what
must have looked to some
a kind of perverse -popular
sympathy among Congressional
liberals because of the restraint
of Helms' assessments of the
Soviet missile threat when
compared to the Pentagon's
assessments.
Never before ' have potential
enemies been better informed
about each other's current state
of military power than today.
The great intelligence contro-
versies, therefore, are not so
much about the present as about declared that on, the basis of %
intelligence information gath-
the projections into the future. ,
Tom Hughes who, before his ered about a, series . of space
tests in progress, the conclusion
assignment as minister to the'
I
American Embassy in London, had been drawn that the tests
were aimed at " the possible
was the thoughtful and wittily . development of a fractional
detached Assistant Secretary orbital bombardment system or
for Intelligence and Research in
F 0 B S."
the State Department, said the
It. raised the spectre of an
other day " that " budgetarily ;orbital nuclear bomb being put
significant estimates such as :into bperation as early as 1968.
those about Soviet or Chinese. Well to the puzzlement of the
missile programmes always exert intelligence. community the
maximum claims for deference tests seem to have been clis-
when they are unanimously continued and all predictions
agreed aild when they are con- about F 0 B S are off. There is
Venient for policy. However, also absolute certainty that the ,
when the official estimators split 'Chinese have tested medium-
and especially when the ?split range ballistic missiles and war
bears conveniently on strongly. heads to fit them, yet there is .
. argued issues, deference gives . no evidence whatsoever that they ':
- way to disputatiousness."' . have any in place. .
Over the last few months, for ' ? And so intelligence estimates. .
instance, Mr Helms and his despite all the new-fangled
estimators did not think as gadgets, remain a very fickle
highly of the Soviet A B M business and ? verY often the
defences as Secretary of Defence President recieves these esti.
Mr Laird, nor did they subscribe mates with what is called " a
to his initial assertion that the footnote ". which means a cis-
Soviet Union was "going for a senting opinion. It is then up
first-. trike capability?there is to him to decide between the
no q estinn about that. ? It variety of conclusions that can
made history when Helms and be drawn from the same piece
Laird faced each other in secret of intelligence.
session before the Senate
Foreign Relations Committee.
Helms' diplomatic skills were
.put to an even severer test when
the C I A during the height of
the bombing of North Vietnam,
sharply contradicted Air Force
intelligence about the effect of
the bombing on the North
Vietnamese war effort. Robert
McNamara, the then Defence
ecretary, finally decided to
gnore his military intelligence
and took the C I A reports as ,
his guidance.
There is no doubt today, for
instance, that the Russian
A B M defence of 64 Golosh
missiles covers only Moscow,
that the rest of the system is
only designed against high-'
speed aircraft and that most
Soviet I C B Ms are still " soft"
. and not, like the American, in
hardened sites.
*. But to estimate what the Rus-
sians will have accomplished by
1975 is much more controversial.
In November, 1967, McNamara,
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I 1111IC.iN
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VIRGINIA SUN
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Proposa.1 Splits
FBI - Katzenbach
By ROURT S. ALLEN
and PAUL SCOTT
Undersecretary of State NIC11.3-
las Katzenbach is apparently a
glutton for punishment.
The former Attorney General'
has, at his own request, tackled
? the exttemely thorny job of try-
ing to persuade the Senate to
approve the long-stalled agree-
ment between the U. S. and Rus-
sia to set up consular offices in
their countries.
A leading opponent of this '
treaty is FBI Director J. Edgar
Hoover. The out-spoken disap-
proval of the militant anti-Com-
munist has been largely respon-
ible for the Senate' failure to
. consider this pact, negotiated by
' the State Department with
'President Johnson's warm sup-
' part.
State Department insiders
say Katzenbach requested per-
? mission to lead a drive for Sen-
ate ratification of the consular
agreement in order to force a
showdown with Hoover over
whether internal security or for-
eign policy should determine re-
lations with the Soviet.
Katzenbach, who singled out
' Yuri Tchernjakov, counselor at
the Russian embassy, as one of
the first to be informed of this,
argues that now is the thne to
expand U.S.-Soviet cooperation,
and ratification of the treaty
would be a tangible and effec-
tive step in that direction.
Since taking over the No. 2
' position in the State Depart-
? ment, Katzenbach has consis-
tently sided with Llewellyn
?Thompson, newly - appointed
Ambassador to Moscow and a
leading exponent of developing
closer ties with Russia for the
purpose of mutually countering
Red China.
Hoover, who denounced the
consulate treaty from the forum
of a House Appropriations Sub-
committee, is credited as wel-
coming a direct confrontation
over this issue with his former
Justice Department boss.
Aides of Senator Thomas
Dodd, D-Conn., leader of the
Senate foes of the pact, say
Hoover is eager to appear be-
fore the Foreign Relations Com-
mittee to present a detailed ac-
count of how Soviet consulates
will be used to increase espio-
nage in the U.S.
It. is claimed by Hoover this
is unprecedented in U.S. consul-
ar agreements. Such pacts with.
other countries grant immunity
only on misdemeanors, and not
felonies.
If this article remains in the:
treaty, an FBI estimate gtven
Senator Dodd hOlds that "more
than 400 Soviet espionage and
Intelligence agents assigned to,
proposed consulates in New.
York, Chicago, Detroit and Los
Angeles would be guaranteed
immunity from prosecution."
Moscow has indicated that if.
the pact is approved, it will
seek to open consulates in these
four cities. In contrast to these
plans, the State Department in-.
tends to open only one in Lenin-.
grad.
When the Kremlin initially
proposed the immunity provi-
sion, Hoover vigorously dis-
sented on the ground it would
open the way for Russia to set.
up a virtual "fifth -column"
witheut fear of prosecution.
Under the agreement, the only
recourse the U.S. would have in
the event a Russian spy was op- .
prehended would be. to deport
him. Hoover contended this
would greatly work to the ad-
vantage of the Soviet as the
U.S. meticulously bars its con-
sulates from Intelligence activ-
ities.
Katzenbach, then Attorney
General, overruled Hotiver. At
the State Department's request,,
Katzenbach participated in the
negotiations on the consular
treaty, and repor.edly assisted
in drafting Articie 19.
Senator Dodd has strong hi-'
partisan support in the Foreign
Relations Committee in oppose :
ing the pact.
Senators Bourke Iliekenloop-
er, Iowa, senior Republican on
the Committee, Frank Lauselie,
D - O., John Williams, R Del.,.
and Karl Mundt, R-S.D., joined.
with Dodd in writing a letter to
Senator J. William Fulbright,.
1)-Ark., chairman, asking that
both Katzenbach and Hoover, ,
be summoned to testify when
the Committee holds hearings
?.
on the treaty in January.
The five senators did this af-
A particular Hoover target is ter President Johnson, in a
Article 19 that grants immunity communication to the Commit-
from criminal prosecution to all tee, announced that "in Janu-
A p p ra4kisEtilleanefeArelUD124/44Zit I iVr113 eitn401601 R 0 00800310001 -2
Mon before agreeing to the U.S. - Soviet consular agree-
treaty. ment."
TIIYIE
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FE ?3 NU
FOREIGN RELATIONS \
A Matter of Mutual Advantage
I' Chairman William Fulbright sent
down encouraging notes. Senator
Wayne Morse amicably asked just the
' right leading questions and agreed en-
thusiastically with nearly everything the
star witness said. To Secretary of State
Dean Rusk, appearing before the Sen-
ate Foreign Relations Committee, it
must have seemed like a remembrance
of days past?those halcyon, pre-Viot
Nam days when he could be sure that
he had a solid majority of the com-
mittee behind him. The matter under
? discussion, a consular treaty with the
r Soviet Union, might itself have been
the cause of some nostalgia, for it has
? been waiting a long time for ratification
by the Senate.
Not that the treaty is so remarkable
. or so very different from similar pacts
the U.S. has with 28 other countries.
In its most important provisions, it
? would simply permit diplomats of both
nations to assist their citizens who
have run afoul of the law ar.d have
been arrested in trieir travels. What
s: bothered some Senators?and kept the
f. pact in limbo for more than 2+ years
t ?was the fear, amply supported by
statements from FBI Director J. Edgar
Hoover, that Soviet officials would
use their U.S. consulates as espionage
centers.
The Hoover Letters. Hoover's testi-
mony, offered to a House committee in
1965, has been the principal roadblock-
, to ratification. Last week Rusk sought
to minimize its impact by citing a let-
ter from the director agreeing that the
FBI could handle any increased secu-
rity problems resulting from the treaty:
But Rusk's intent was at least partly
vitiated by the grudging tone of Hoo-
ver's letter and by a later Hoover letter
, that South Dakota's Karl Mundt, the
treaty's most vocal opponent, brought
forth. Though the FBI could take on the
increased burden, Hoover conceded to
Mundt, its work under the treaty would
be "more difficult."
Rusk, for his part, never denied that
the Russians might use consulates for
spying?in the past decade, 28 Russian .
officials have either been expelled or
arrested for espionage?but noted sim-
ply that ten to 15 Soviet consular of-
ficials, added to the 452 who already'
enjoy diplomatic immunity in the Wash-
ington embassy and the U.N. mission,?
? would not "add significantly to the risk."
Spying, of course, has never been
claimed as a Russian monopoly, and
Morse asked if the CIA might not enjoy,
snooping from the proposed U.S. con-,
sulate, tentatively slated for Leningrad.
i Under Secretary of State Nicholas Katz-
'enbach replied somewhat uncomfortably'
that, indeed, "the treaty is reciprocal."
?
A Big Name in Moscow. the consti--;
lar treaty is the keystone of President
Johnson's policy of "building bridges" to
'the East. Ratification would not only
'reduce the likelihood of international
incidents over infractions by unlucky
. or unwise tourists (which have increased.
,as larger numbers of American travelers
?18,000,. last year?visit the Soviet
Union); it would also serve as an im-
portant spur to other East-West agree-
ments. Though the Russians have, said,
repeatedly that no major breakthrough
, can come while the U.S. is fighting in
North Viet Nam, lesser agreements, no-
-tably the treaty banning weapons of.
mass destruction from outer space,
signed in ceremonies in Moscow, Lon-
don, and Washington last week, can
I still be reached. Such contacts, said
! Rusk, "can reduce misunderstand-
ings between our two countries and
lead, in time, to international coopera-
tion in areas where we are able
to find common interests and mutual
advantage."
? In the end, whether the treaty passes
or fails depends not so much on Rusk,
Hoover or President Johnson .but, as in
all other measures requiring the ap-
proval of two-thirds of the Senate, on
Minority Leader Everett Dirksen, who
controls a pivotal number of Republi-
can votes. At week's end, Dirksen was
inclined to be against the treaty, but
was clearly open to?and vastly en-
joyed?attempts to change his mind.
One of the suppliants, he said, was a
"young man" from the Soviet embassy.'
"His come-oh. as 'Yours is a big name
in Moscow,'" Dirksen recounted glee-
, fully, "but I told him I only wanted to
? be a big name here and preferably in
the state of Illinois." !
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r:cApritto cror Release 2001/03/04: CIA-
Wavo Pa Quo
-
1LASS. ?
CHRIST.I AN SCIENCE
MONITOR
11? 177,755
, JAN 2 7 1961 :
101011?10.011
t .0010?.
State
of the
? nations
I H I IN I L
Mr. Rusk vs. Mr.
By Joseph C. Harsch
Hoover
Washington they want out of American' But at this point politics'J
In theory the foreign - newspapers, magazines, and enters the equation, Mr:?
' policy of .the United States , official government publi- ' Hoover has declined to tallet
is made at White House cations. or write about the compen-
and State Department "by .:'?
At least in theory, there- ... satory side of the case on,
and with the consent of the ' '
:
fore, Washington ought to. - the ground that the FBI:
? ; ?
,- Senate." In practice it now b. e able to get more useful ; .' does not express opinions on
requires the positive en- intelligence value out of a. legislation. He sticks to the..?
dorsement ? of the director dozen Americans, posted to ? accurate fact that a Soviet
cf the FBI. ? Russia than Moscow could -. consulate would increase
The case in point is "the ' get out of a dozen Russians the work load on the FBI. i
, pending treaty between the i
posted n the United States. ' Efforts have been made
.7cited States and the So-, Also, the Russian security.:' to extract from him the,:-
i viet Union under which con- - Police "cover" all. Amen-, : positive opinion that there,
; sular officers would receive '. cans in Russia.. An Amen- ,' are compensatory . advan-
, 1 hr, same diplomatic im- can likes to think that his ? tages. He has gone so far,
:.1,Inity.as embassy officers. , officials in Russia are just'.;. as to say that facts stated
The two principal . world , as clever 4s Russians in the in the second paragraph of.i
: powers began negotiating United States, hence should , a letter by Secretary of ;
' such a treaty in 1959. They ' require at least as much ......State Dean Rusk are "cor-i
managed to get a draft "coverage." : . . ??? ? rectly stated." That para-
which both would ? sign by . ?. graph named the compen-)
1964. And in 1965 the Senate ? Compensatory side ? , sating factors. But Mr.
' Foreign Relations Commit- . :Hoover has never allowed'
The record indicates that
tee gave it approval :by 19 American intelligence does ..
himself to give quotable.
'to 5 votes: , sometimes score considera. . positive approval.
. Increase work ', ble coups off the Russian se-' :.'.Needed majority 1
.,
? But before it came to a . curity police.
The net effect has been to?
vote in the Senate FBI Di- Hence
. , it is a fair assump-
leave in the hands of the;
'rector J. Edgar Hoover said ton that if consulates are ? opposition the priceless pos.
? that opening Soviet consu- ,.1 opened up on a parity basis ?session ? of the original!
lates in the United States ;?? the extra ' "coverage" bun: - .Hoover position. They repre-
:would increase the work - den on the' FBI in the - sent him as being opposed ;
`load on his men. - . United States will be to the treaty. He has never
That was a statement. of, .?:, equaled ? by the extra bur.,, ,i repudiated them .,r
, fact. No one questions that, den on their opposite num- The gathering of intelli< ?
:the FBI must watch Soviet 'bers in Russia. The meas. ? gence overseas is the fun. ),
,diplomats. Some of them do /,. . urement that counts is not ' tion of the Central Intelli- s,
' engage in spying. Acon- ..the extra burden here, but , ' gence Agency (CIA), not of
''which side gets the most '
sular official might do the
same. The more Soviet
, offices and officers there
the FBI Ratification of the
advantage out of the ex- ' treaty would presumably
change. open up new opportunities
, are in the United States the . The United States Central' .: for the CIA, but merely put
I more FBI agents will be Intelligence Agency doesn't, ' ? new burdens on the' BI.
I needed to watch them. , talk officially about these , ? It seems unlikelYMat the-
; But there is another side , ' things, but the word is ',':President will be able to ob- ,
to the case. It has ,always .?;' around that they think we, tain the two-thirds majority. '
i been easier for the Soviets would win on the exchange. '. ' needed in the Senate over .
to get information out of . The State Department does ? Mr. Hoover's unwillingness f'
,the United States than for . 'too, but prefers to make the ' .' ,to give his positive approval ,
ithAlipilbENE4SEFr ReJeas need Al /043/04u1c04-ROPfrallifoiROSNAR03130001-2
:for ion out. o the Soviet the treaty to help pro- ? elps tate. an , not ;
'Union. The Russians can get - tect the American tourists ...FBI. - 1
,
Approved For Release 2001/03/04: C1k-ig0:11601
RADIO-TV MONITORING SERVICE, INC.
3408 WISCONSIN AVENUE, N. W. WASHINGTON, D. C.
PROGRAM:
14;: PEARSON .
STATION OR NETVVORKs
DATE:
Fobruary 40 1067
WTOP Radio
.CIA QUIETLY LODBYING OR CONSULAR TRP!!.TY
Alde
Capitol Hill:? CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
lobbyin ZOT tho Soviot-Amorican consular tmaty that J.
Ed,7ar Xdover is lobbyins asainst. Ho says his agents will have to
C n oyo.on tho Soviet diplomats in. now Russian conslulats,in
ths but tho CIA figures it will be able to plAce..its'
asonts at now Amorican consulatos inside Russia.
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NEW YORK
Approved Forlik?WitA 213\61116(310\11. : CIA
T.; .,174:77.? 773
.LL
?
05 NM' E NsivirTrtry-
v ?
1,?????????????? .. ...
SEP 2 8 1954
a mono to the Prei:' "The-odds' are.';?
thartne eds will win in S. Viet Nani. "Lven
j.nioncy" .b.efore .Ncy,_ 3... _
NEW YORK
JOURNAL AMERICAN
OCT 1 2 1964
,T?BJ ORDBRED AN INvr,STIGATION of U.S. corn-
jJ doing biz WL. caz;tro v hundreds of
counterfeit Panamanian and Defense
Dept. sleuths have proof that Red a Chief Mao".
ihad 'a coronary in August . Mao was a female
imperson a tor in Canton-Peking plays as
a youth . . . Tunisia is sitting on the
world's oil strike . . LBJ's Euro-
pean v1si. w,11 include London and Berlin
but not Farce . ? CIA has "round-the-
clock" U-'2, flights in Sovictnam . . . De-
fense is testing an inexpensive silent
lightwa::ht rocket pistol there. It fires a
.45 calibre bullet. No recoil . . . CIA in-
formed Defense that Algerian boss Ben
,Bella will soon start a border war against '
King Hassan II in Morocco. The prize:
phosphate mines . .
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HI