TURKS AFFIRM NATO LINK DESPITE U.S. FRICTION

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-01601R000800230001-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 5
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 21, 2000
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: March 28, 1971
• Content Type: NSPR

 Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601 R000800230001 -1
Available
Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601 R000800230001-1
 STAT'R'PIroved For Release 2001/03104: CIA-RDP80-
POLITICAL SCILI CE QUARTEi.LY
ROY E, LICICLIDER
.Douglass College
Rutgers University
The disputes surrounding the formation of military
policy are not famous for their clarity, yet, even so, the contro-
versy over the missile gap stands out as a muddled issue. The con-.
troversy arose in the late 195os as a result of intelligence esti-
mates that between i96o and x964 the Soviet Union might have
more intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) operational than
would the United States. Assuming the existence of a missile gap,
opponents of the Eisenhower administration argued the existence
of a deterrence gap, that Soviet supremacy in ICBMs was so great,
that the American strategic forces could be eliminated in a-single
massive attack. Administration spokesmen generally conceded the
missile gap but denied a deterrence gap on the grounds that the
American strategic forces were too numerous and varied to be
eliminated by a single attack and that the leaders of the Soviet
Union were aware of this fact.'
We now know that the administration's contention that a mis-
sile gap did not necessarily imply a deterrence gap was never
tested,. since the missile gap itself never developed. Therefore it
? I acknowledge with gratitude the assistance of Bruce M. Russett, Morton
?H. Halperin, and especially H. Bradford Westerfield.'
is almost impossible ,to evaluate the question of the deterrence
gap, and we shall not endeavor to do so here-although, as the
administration quite rightly pointed out,. this rather than the mis-
sile gap was the relevant issue.
The missile gap was the result of a deliberate decision by the,
Eisenhower administration. The United States had many more
strategic bombers than did the Soviet Union.' However, the Rus-
sians had recognized before the United States did the importance
of the ballistic missile as a? delivery system for hydrogen wea-
pons $ and they appeared to be ahead in developing this new
weapon which might neutralize the "American advantage in
manned aircraft. It was obvious that the United States, to meet the
challenge, would have to develop a ballistic rnissile; the question
AppMtiY la RWI aW 2D'01/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601 R000800230001-1
Dec 1970
-1 he MissFle Uap.controversy
 STATI I`~~~,,~~TLroved For Releaser20&V03MN? IA
21 O CT 1970
Russ Warn Turke
o.
e~ u n Hi ja ~ en's
BY FRANK STARR
'
[Chief of \ldscow Bureau] ?
(Chiago Tribune Press Ser.icel
MOSCOW, Oct. 20-The So- nation for the sake of a
viet government tonight
warned that Turkish-Soviet re-
lations may suffer if the father
and son who hijacked a Soviet
airliner to Turkey last week are
not handed over.
Reports from Turkey said a
lower court had ruled against
extraditing the two, identified
a s Lithuanians Fransizskas
Koreivo, 46, and his son,
Argedas, 15, cn'the ground that
their act was a political one in
search of asyum. Reports said
a final decision could take a
week..: -
In the hijacking last Thurs-
day a stewardess, Nadezhda,
Kurchenko, 19, was killed and
one crew member was seri-
ously wounded. The two-engine
plane and 46 passengers have
been returned to the Soviet
Union.
Propaganda Drive Begins
A full-fledged propaganda
'campaign has blossomed here
with papers carrying "demands
of indignant Soviet Citizens that
the criminals-murderers b e
tried in a Soviet court."
The o f f i c i a l government
newspaper Izvestia tonight im-
plied that the United States and
its Central Intelligence Agency
had intervened to prevent their
extradition.
.'Izvestia cited as the basis for
criminal pseudo-Lithuanian or-
ganization which' serves the
CIA?" Izvestia asked.
May Face Death
There is little doubt that at
least the father would face a
certain death sentence if ex-.
tradited.
T h e r e is no extradition
agreement' between the Soviet
Union and Turkey, but Izvestia
cited a Turkish law which
allows extradition. It also cited
a recent resolution of the
Interparliamentary union which
it said calls for extradition.
The hijacking represented the
first successful attempt by
Soviet citizens to hijack in-
ternal flights to foreign coun-
tries.
The refusal of Turkish au-
thorities to hand back the
hijackers would set a precedent
that Soviet authorities certainly
would fear.
Stringent new security meas-
ures were made at Soviet
airports. However, Soviet au-
thorities still refuse. to allow
foreign airline representatives
to search -passengers, arguing
that no foreign official has the
right to conduct security checks
in Russia.
the charge of CIA intervention
the arrival in Turkey of a
representative of 'a Lithuanian
liberation organization and ad-
dresses in the U. S. found in the
hijackers' luggage.
`But is it in Turkey's na-
tional interest to cast shadows
on relations with a neighboring
01-1
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 STATINTI STATINTL
Approved For Rej as
YANKS IN TURKEY
Y; C91 ell,
All r. Fresco has just returned to this
with the Foreign Service in Turkey.
wic.u tremendous power over education and morals.
e s arc devout Moslem
000 ma
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Villa
50
h
,
s: more t
an
g
country after three years
d
the pilgrimage to Mecca last year. Under pressure from
the rural clergy the Dernirel governn-lent has bent the
t broken th
irit if
s
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etter, of the Kema
pire
In the Middle East recently, America has been beset p
constitution by constructing dozens of religious schools
by the troubles of Job. Egypt is now a Russian camp; throughout the country in the last five years. The fact
Soviet naval strength in the eastern Mediterranean nearly that the United States openly supports this government
equals that of 'our own Sixth Fleet; relations with the has done little to endear the resident Americans' to the
Arab states are almost nonexistent; we have gained the secular, urban elite.
conten,pt of our closest European friends. by backing the -
,. But the primary cause for anti-American feeling is
sleazy Greek- junta willy-nilly. The next explosion may our continued military presence in Turkey. On the basis
occur in Turkey. of Turkey's neutrality in World War 11 and the not so
This September the last of more than 500.Peace Corps secret pro-German feeling of some of its leaders, Stalin
volunteers will leave Ankara, virtually forced out of the in 1946 demanded that the Turks hand over several
country by the anti-American climate. Most of those eastern provinces and control of the Bosporus and the
volunteers had taught English at universities in Ankara Dardanelles to the Soviets. The threat was hardly new.
and Istanbul. Last winter, students in one department In the past 300 years Russia and Turkey have fought
after another boycotted the classes saying they would
not return until all the volunteers, whom they called CIA thirteen wars over Russian claims to the Straits. Stalin's
challenge came when Greece, next door, seemed destined
spies, and other foreign teachers were removed from the
classrooms. Volunteers were threatened with violence. to fall to Communist guerrillas in a murderous civil war.
In Istanbul, a classroom was invaded by leftist students The American answer was to wrap these two ancient
and a British teacher badly beaten. Although the con- enemies, Greece and Turkey, into an untidy package
servative government of Prime Minister Demirel in_ called the Truman Doctrine. The battleship Missouri
steamed triumphantly into the Bosporus and sailors were
stated the volunteers were still welcome, it was con ,.
sidered politically unwise' to take their side publicly invited into Turkish homes. His bluff called, Stalin soon
against student leaders. The volunteers themselves voted dropped his threat. We were the beloved saviors. When
not to teach in faculties where they were not wanted. In war broke out in Korea, the Turks were among the first
May, Peace Corps Director Jack Corry announced the to send troops. As a reward Turkey, as well as Greece,
decision to close out operations completely. was admitted to NATO in '1952, and for the first time
After World War I, Mustafa Kemal fashioned the mod- U.S. troops were stationed on Turkish soil. Turkey was
ern state of Turkey from the battered wreck of the Otto- the eastern flank of the alliance, and the half-million-
ted the West- man Turkish army became the shield against Russian
man Empire
He emanci
ated women
ado
.
p
,
p
ern alphabet and dress, tried to suppress the Islamic clergy penetration of the Middle East.
and embarked on a procram of literacy and indus-
trialization to pull Turkey into 20th century Europe. But Today, there are 18,000 U.S. servicemen and
when he died in 1938 at the age of 57, Kemal left his their families in Turkey, mostly with the Air Force.
work half done. The greatest strains in Turkish society They perform two military functions. The air base at
derive from incomplete Westernization. Whether on the Incirlik in southern Turkey is used by the Strategic Air
Center or the Left, urban, educated Turks call them- Command. A string of radar and other communications
selves Kemalists. Outside of Russia and China, this is facilities near the Black Sea monitors Russian activity to
the world's most atheistic elite. Many no longer think the north. But many at the American Embassy admit that
of themselves as Moslems. Miniskirts and Marxism the airfield and radar stations have only marginal im-
abound at Istanbul and Ankara universities. The grand- portance in the era of missiles and spy satellites. They
daughters of veiled harem favorites practice law and also state privately that the 3,000 desk pilots in Ankara,
medicine. Arabic words are purged from' the vocabulary who are the prime irritants, do little more than shuffle
and replaced by those derived from French. Although papers and manage the. PX.
Maoism gains favor among the young, the dominant spirit The U.S. Air Force in Turkey is not the Mongol horde.
today is Gaullist-Turkey should be friendly to the West, Molesting of Turkish women is unknown; drunken
but without formal military ties. brawls are rare. But whenever pampered foreign soldiers
This group of university intellectuals and professionals, are placed in an underdeveloped country, resentment and
upper civil servants and army officers, comprises less than jealousy will soon fester.
5 per cent of the population. Another 15 per cent is in In Ankara, the airmen do not live on bases but in the
the middle class: government clerks and businessmen. city itself. An American sergeant can afford an apartment
But in the villages and small towns, where 80 per cent next door to a senior Turkish university professor, and
of the population still lives, life has altered little from can buy cheap whiskey and cigarettes, which the pro-
centuries past. Women wear the traditional baggy trousers fessor cannot. There is a thickheaded opinion among our
and cover they iWj%J t Pdfr ;ei8}6 21?1 ~o m er t p~ ~ q O n~rse in
school, and the4jorrty of village women remain rlliterrikara recent l} rentarl:ef of a c~~'STh ITi~re s' only
ate. The Imams, the priests, hated by the city elite, still one thing wrong with him: he's a Turk.". Noncommis-