HELMS, THE SHAH AND THE CIA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-01601R000500050001-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 151
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 8, 2001
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: December 29, 1972
• Content Type: NSPR

:.:SE/i;GION POST
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31. -Roberts
Helms, the Shah and the
THERE IS A CERTAIN irony in the
fact that Richard Helms will go to Iran
as the American ambassador 20 years
after the agency he now heads organ-
ized and directed the overthrow of the
regime then in power in Teheran. The
tale is worth recounting if only be-
cause of the changes in two decades
which have affected the Central Intel-
ligence Agency as well as American
foreign policy.
Helms first went to work at the CIA
in 1947 and he came up to his present
post as director through what is gener-
ally called the "department of dirty
tricks." However, there is nothing on
the public record to show that he per-
sonally had a hand in the overthrow of
the Communist backed and/or ori-
ented regime of Premier Moletrnmed
Mossadegh in 1933, an action tnat re-
turned the Shah to his throne. i ie can
only guess at the wry smile that must
have come to the Shah's face \ then he
first heard that President Nieon was
proposing to send the CIA's top man
to be the American envoy.
The Iranian affair, and a similar
CIA action in Guatemala the following
year, are looked upon by old hands at
-ftr'r7t'S7`ar7 774
1953: Teheran rioting Oast over-
threw the government left the Unit-
ed States Point Four office with
gaping holes for 'windows and doors,
the agency as high points of a sort in
the Cold War years. David Wise and
Thomas B. Ross have tout the Iranian
Vstory in their hook, "The Invisible Gov-
ernment," and the CIA lice a at the
time, Allen Dulles, conceded in public ,
after he left the go eminent eminent that the
United States had had a hand in what
occurred.
IRAN IS NEXT DOOR to the Soviet
Union, In 1951 Mossadeeh, who con-
fused Westerners svith his habits of
weepives in public and running govern-
ment business from his bed, national-
r
IL is
ized the Brh-owitaki? '
Oil Co. and seiseiritlin401.0ra It ?ir kO?1)00406q0 19 ?
e La, ,LIA:1 tqlkii3D
cry. The West boycotted Iranian oil high points of covert CIA Cold War ac-
CIA
and the country was thrown into crisis.
Mossadegh "connived." as Wise and
Ross put it. with Turich. Iran's Com-
munist party, to bolster his hand, The
British and Americans decided he had
to go and picked Gen. Fazollah Zahedi
to renlace him. The man who stage-
managed the job on the spot was Ker-
mit "Kim" Roosevelt (who also had a
hand in some fancy goings-on in
Egypt), grandson of T.R. and seventh
cousin of P.D.R., and now a Washing-
tonian in private business.
Roosevelt managed to get to Teheran
and set up underground headquarters.
A chief aide was Brig. Gen. H. Norman
Schwarzkopf, who, as head of the New
Jersey state police, had become famous
during the Lindbergh baby kidnaping
case. Schwarzkopf had reorganized the
Shah's police force anti he and Roose-
velt joined in the 1053 operation. 'the
Shah dismissed Mossadegh and named
Zaheldi as Premier but Mossadegh ar-
rested the officer who ine2ught the bad
news. The Teheran streets filled with
rioters and a scared Shah fled first to
Baghdad and then to Rome. Dulles
flew to Rome to confer with him. Roo-
sevelt ordered the Shah's backers into
the streets, the leftists were arrested
by the army and the Shah returned in
triumph. Mossadegh went to jail. In
time a new international oil consor-
tium took over Anglo-Iranian which
onerates to this dayahough the Shah
has squeezed more and more revenue
from the Westerners.
In his 1963 book, "The Craft of Intel-
ligence." published after he left CIA,
Dulles ,.vrote that, when in both Iran
and Guatemala it "became clear" that
a:Communist state was in the making,
nsupport, from outside was given to
loyal anti-Communist elements," In a
1965 NBC television documentary or:
"The Science of Spying" Dulles said:
"The government of Mossadech, if you
recall history, was overthrown by the
action of the Shah. Now, that we en-
couraged the Shah to take that action
I will not deny." Miles Copeland, an
there were plenty of other sue-
cesful enterprises that fell short of
chaneing government regimes. Today
the CIA, humiliated by the 1961 Bay of -
Pigs fiasco it planned and ran, has
wizhdrawn from such large scale af-
fairs as Iran, save for its continuing
major role in the no longer "secret
war in Laos." The climate of today
would not permit the United States to
repeat the Iranian operation, or so one
assumes with the reservation that
resident. Nixon (who was Vice Presi-
dent at the time of Iran) loves sur-
prise.
The climate of 1933, however, was
very different and must be taken into
account in any judgment. Moscow
then was fishing in a great many.
troubled waters and among them was
Iran. It was probably true, as Allen
Dulles said on that 1963 TV show, that
-at no time has the CIA engaged in
any political activity or any intelli-
gence that was not approved at the
highest level." It was all part of a
deadly "game of nations." Richard Bis-
sell, who ran the U-2 program and the
Bay of Pigs, was asked on that TV
show about the morality of CIA activi-
ties. "I think," he replied, that "the
morality of . . . shall we call it for
short, cold war . is o infinitely eas-
ier than the morality of almost any
kind of hot war that I never encoun-
tered this as a serious problem."
PERHAPS the philosophy of the
Cold War years and the CIA role were
best put by Dulles in a letter that he
wrote me in 1961. Excerpts from his
then forthcoming book had appeared
spi Harper's and I had suggested to him
some further revelations he might in-
clude in the book. He wrote about ad-
ditions he was making: -This includes
more on Iran and Guatemala and the
problems of policy in action when
there begins to be evidence that a
country is slipping and Communist
take-over is threatened. We can't wait
for an engraved invitation to come and
give aid."
There is a story, too, that Winston
Churchill was so pleased by the opera-
tion in Iran that he proferred the
Georee Cross to Kim Roosevelt. But
ex-CIA operative in the Middle East. the ClA wouldn't let him accept the
wrote in his hook. "The Game of decoration. So Churchill commented to
Nations." that the Iranian derring-do Roosevelt: "I would be proud to have
was called -Operation Ajax." He cred- served tinder you" in such an opera-
ited Roosevelt with -almost single-
Ron. Thot remark, Roosevelt is said to
handedly'' calling the "pro-Shah forces, have replied,
was better than the &co-
on to the streets of Teheran" and sil- . ration.
PerviEi" -their riots so as to (lust" I [elms doubtless would be the last to
Mossadegh, say so out loud but I can imagine his
TODAY THE IRAN to which Helms
will go after he leaves the CIA is a sta-
ble, well armed and well oil-financed
reeime under the Shell's command
v.-hich has mended its fences with Mos-
cow without, hurtina its chore relation-
ship with Washinelon. The Shah has
taken full advandese of the eh:times in
Fast-West rAationa front the Cold War
reflectin, that, if it hadn't been for
what Delles, Kim Ilooseveit and the
others did in 1953, he would not have
the eleince to present his credentials
to a Shah still on the peacock throne
in 1973.
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Behind the Curtain
It is not given to orc:inary mortals to know
much of what gees on behind the cloak of
the Central Intelligence Agency. We are not
told, for example, how much meney it has
.to spend?although reports suggest it ex-
ceeds $750 million annually. No more are
we told of what it clJes with the money?
although there is a general understanding
it fields perhaps 10.000 people throughout
the world on shadowy missions, some more
activist than others, to ferret out information
.useful in shoring up this nation's security.
,What few can know outside the highest gov-
.ernmental levels is precisely what policies
the CIA pursues and how effectively, or in-
__
effectively;- it manages them. At the Bay of
.Pigs, according to some versions, the CIA
stumbled badly. In its estimates on the mili-
tary capabilities of North Vietnam, to go by
the Pentagon Papers, the CIA has been
.consistently more accurate?and more omi-
.nous?than most. But these are only ran&rn
clues too skimpy for an illuminating pattern.
One result of this studied mystery is that
the CIA has no public constituency of its
own, that it must stand silent and undefended
before the will of the only authority to which
it need answer. This is the White House,
which has just announced a change in the
directorship. Richard Helms, something of
a professional in intelligence work, is re-
placed by James R. Schlesinger, a younger
man impressively conditioned in more varied
administrative fields. At first glance, and to
the extent that an appraisal is possible, Mr.
Schlesinger has the air of a man well up to
his challenging. tricky new job. The only
qualm about the changeover arises from sug-
gestions?facts, of course, being unavailable?
that .1r. Helms is being shipped out because
the CIA under his leadership has not shared
the rosy view of the Vietnamese operations
which the White House prefers. Mr. Schlesin-
ger must resist any temptations to paint up
Vietnam to some hue which. however desir-
able, the truth is too bleak to warrant.
'
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2 2 DEC 1972.
A.E.C. Chief to Revlace
Helms as C.I.A. Director
Schles:nger, , 43, Chosen
?Intelligence Official
to Be Envoy to Iran
By JACK ROSENTHAL
Special to The New York Times
KEY BISCAYNE, Fla., Dec. 21
?President Nixon said today
that he would nominate James R.
Schlesinger, who is chairman of
the Atomic Energy Commission,
to be Director of Central In-
telligence.
He said also that he would
nominate the current director,
Richard Helms, to be Ambassa-
dor to Iran.
Mr. Helms's departure from
the C.I.A. was described as a
retirement, consistent with his
feeling that he, like other C.I.A.
officials, should retire at age
60. He will be GO in March.
There had been rumors that
Mr. Helms was being forced
out of his job.
The White House took pains
to affirm the President's appre-
ciation for Mr. Helms's 30 years
of. public service and for the
fact that it will continue. At
the same time, the departure
from the C.I.A. is touched with
symbolic overtones.
In the opinion of knowledge-
able officials, it means the end
of an era of professional intel-
ligence operatives and the be-
ginning of an era of systems.
management. Mr. Helms, who'
reporter, epitomizes a genera-I
tion that developed its exper-
tise during World War II and
subsequently helped to create
the C.I.A. When appointed in
June, 1f166, he was the first
careerist to become D.C.I.?Di-
rector of Central Intelligence.
Mr. Schlesinger, by contrast,
is a 43-year-old economist and
political scientist schooled in
strategic studies, systems analy-
sis, and defense spendinr. The
author of a detailed report on
the intelligence community for
??.
v
The Nem York Times
James R. Schlesinger
once interviewed Hitler, as a
Mr. Nixon last year, he is ex-
pected to take over at the C.I.A.
as soon as he is confirmed by
the Senate.
Both the Helms and Schles-
kne,,er appointments had been
forecast.
No successor was named to
the A.E.C. chairmanship, which
Mr. Schlesinger has held since
August, 1971. Before that he
had been with the Office of
Management and Budget, con-
centrating on national security
and international affairs.
Cost Issue Noted .
That experience, coupled with
the Administration's apparent
interest in the cost and redun-
dancy of intelligence programs,
led a close student of C.I.A. to a third has been in between,
suggest today that what Mr. Mr. Ziegler said. The fact is,
Nixon now wanted was "more he continued, that no decision
cloak for the buck." has been made.
Details about "the agency," . Another vacancy arose in
as the C.I.A. is known in the Washington today with the
Government, are classified. But resignation of John P. Olsson
.it is thou.:tht to have a budget tatter 20 months as deputy un-
of more than $750-million a ider secretary of transportation
year and more than 10,000 to return to private business.
employes. Most are involved Mr. Helma's new position
in intelligence? technical as- comes after 30 years in intelli-
Isessment, analysis and esti- genre work. After graduation
mates.
, from Williams Collee, he be-
!
I A "plans division" conducts came a United Pr:.ss corre-
, !clandestine operations, such as sperndflt in Germany
from
,J35 to 1937. Until 1912, when
' 'the abortive Bay of Pigs in-
1.:: was commissioned as a Navy
vi -:ion of Cuba in IVO. 'Mr.
Ihelms once directed this di. oh ficer, he was irk newspaper
vision, but not at the time of advertising.
His new assignment is to a
country whose leader was
strongly assisted, according to
wide belief, by a clandestine
C.I.A. operation in 1953. The
agency was reputed to have
had a role in the overthrow
of Mohammed Mossadegh, then
premier, permitting the Shah of
Iran to reassert his control.
If confirmed by the Senate,
Mr. Helms will succeed Joseph
S. Farland, who has been Am-
bassador to Iran since May.
The White House said today
that he would return to Wash-
ington and be reassigned to
another post.
According to a private
source, the outgoing Deputy
Secretary of State, John N. Ir-
win, is Mr. Nixon's choice to
become Ambassador to France
The position has been vacant
since the departure in early
November of Arthur K. Wat-
son, who is Mr. Irwin's brother-
in-law.
In the first news briefing of
the President's week-long
Christmas trip here, Ronald L.
Ziegler, the White House press
secretary, also dealt with the
following appointments topics:
El.Mr. Nixon has accepted
"with very special regret" the
resignation of David M. Ab-
shire as Assistant Secretary of
State for Congressional Rela-
tions. Mr. Abshire will become
chiarman of the Georgetown
University Center for Strategic
and International Studies on
Jan. 9.
c.Speculation about the direc-
torship of the Federal Bureau
of Investigation should be dis-
counted for the time being Mr.
Ziegler said. One newspaper
has reported that Acting Direc-
tor L. Patrick Gray will be
formally nominated, another
has said he would not be, and
the Cuban invasion.
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PRvv1,4CE, R.I.
JOURNAL
M - 66,673 .
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K,sscr7c7177tro 9
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Lyman B. Kirkpatrick Jr.,
who was inspector general of
the......CJA during the Bay of
?Pigs inv7rs7T3117-has criticized
the late President John F.
Kennedy for the way he han-
dled the aftermath of the in-
vasion.
"If the President makes the
policy, get ill of Castro. that
is about the last he should
hear of it," Mr. Kirkpatrick
said. "If something goes
wrong, he can fire and dis-
avow, which is what a Pres-
ident should do, not acknowl-
edge and accept blame. Of
course, I am being critical of
the President, but I think that
this is essential in this area
(covert operations)."
According to Mr. Kirkpat-
rick, Allen Dulles, director of
the CIA at the time. told the
,President "If you wish, I will
go." The President refused.
Mr. Kirkpatrick said, "lie
(Mr. Dulles) was a very wise
and able man, and he recog-
nized that when an in-
telligence failtu-e takes place,
the first expendable person is
the director of Litt.- operation."
In the forward to his book,
"A Thousand Di.*.s: John F.
Kennedy in the White House,"
Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.
writes:
."Then alter the Bay of Pigs
he (the President ) said, 'I
hope you kepi a full account
of that. I s:titi I had under-
stood he did not rant 115 to
keep full a cc mot s of any-
thing. Ile s:-Lid. No, go ahead.
You can bc damn sure that
the CIA has its record and the
Joint Chieis of Staff theirs.
We'd better make sure we
nave a tecord over ti.c:re. So
vo ahead.' "
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C dC n :fc.Aon
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By JACK WRITE
involved. It was well known
th it it was totally and com-
pletely supported by the Unit-
ed States."
The five battalions, or
"reinforced companies," of
Invaders landed at the Eay of
Pies on April 17, 39ti1 ? two
days after an air strike dam-
aged part of Castro's air
force.
Mr. Kirkpatrick said that
:term after the exiles landed
five Castro jets appeared at
tbe landing she and two of the
prim?ipal landing ships, one
carrying most ol the brigade's
ammunition, were sunk and
the others driven away.
The inspeetor general of
Central Intellieence Agency
it the time ot the abortive
Bay of Pigs inv,ision says the
exiled Cuban invadees should
have been trained at military
bases in the United States,
rather than on a plantation in
Guatemala.
Lyman B. Kirkpatrick Jr.,
now a professor of political
science at Brown University,
does not say that training the
exiles in the United States
- would have resulted in the
overthrow of. the Fidel Castro
regime.
But he does stly, "In yet-
Mr. Kirpatrick, author or'
'The Real CIA," said the Bay
of Pies operation was doomed.
"before it was ever mount-
"As early as 30 October
190 an article al:vatted in,
the Guatemalan La Bora ?
which described a militant
.rospeet, the use of U.S. bases
"And front that moment on,
"'"-Ild have been 111?1.e feast- the operation was doomed."
he beeause we did have the
Mr. Kirkpatrick said. Three
capability for controlling
(lees after the landing, the
access to a siLable ge?grar-'111- 1.':5:t-rnan brigade ran out of
cal area. e mmuni I ion and was over-
"We could have isolated the
brigade; even the training of
the B-26 pilots could have
been dene in the United
States; and perhaps, only per-
haps, it could have been done
without having been dis-
closed."
In a recent lecture to stu-
dents at the Naval War Col-
lege in Neveport, Mr. Militia-
trick said:
"It mieht lia e been iser
? to have trained e? eryhody in
the United States where they
could have been isolated
Fontewhere tri the Va St
'reaches of a Fort Bragg or a
Fort Hemline:.
During the leetute. a text or
which is liable-hod in the No-
vember-December issue of
the NV:11' Cl.11(e Re-
view. 'Mr. len-lip:di-be: said,
"By the time Ilse landiner took.
Place, it Was NV( II 1,n01k n an
operation vas being mounted.
II was well known who was
base in the mountains de-
signed to train men for an in-
vasion of Cuba," Mr. Kirkpa-
trick said.
Soon aaer the La lIora
story, Mr. Kirkpatrick said,
The New York Times was
"producing a story on the
base ? who was there, what
they were doing and what
they were going to do."
After listing the many mis-
takes made in planning the in-
vasion, including . poor in-
telligence reports on Castro's
strength, Mr. Kirkpatrick said
the operation was mounted
because ''obviously most peo-
ple thought it was ;.7(ting to
succeed. In fact, most of the
people talking to the Pres-
ident (John F. Kennedy)
thought it was going to suc-
ceed."
Mr. Kirkpatrick, who came
to Brown in September, 1965,
said the operation was, to
achieve a "political objec-
tive," the disposal of the Cas-
tro regime.
"What we were really try-
ing to do was do something
inexpensively that we did not
want to do the hard way (use
U.S. forces)," Mr. Kirkpa-
trick said.
Ile stressed that the in-
vasion was "exclusively"
under the direction of the CIA
and that post-operation criti-
cism of the Joint Chiefs of
Staff v as "misplaced." The
Joint Chiefs were asked only
to evaluate the teasibility of
the plan and the training of
the exiles, most of whom
were recruited in the Miami
area.
"hecurate intelligence
WS the basis for the Itay
Pies disaster," he aided.
vilelmecl by the 20,000 Castro
I ole;ne,
Ntr. Kirkpatrick, who is de-
,cvribed as being "one of the
senior men in the CTAe4 the
lime of the-7.77;, len, was
usirg the Bey of Pigs invasion
es a "case study" on covert
operations.
'file political science profes-
sor strongly defended the
conntry's rieht to maintain its
rhility to mount covert opera-
tions "that can easily be disa-
vow-ed by tee orieinating gov-
ernment."
A covert operation, he said,
"must lie so cletalestine, so
yell hidden, that its true
s,urres may Dover be seeciti-
eally proven. Guesses. ahIekt-
t gets, syq:filat ion7; imiy hC
inNile in the pub;R mr,clia, but
ro proef or vent i1 is per.
tnissible if the oporatiiet is to
be properly censidered co-
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WASHIUGTON STAR
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..:Aide hi
oir,rllines
? By JEREMIAH O'LEARY
Star-News Staff Writer .
The man who was inspector
general of the CIA during the
Bay of Pigs fiasco now . be-
lieves it would have been wis-
er to have trained the invasion
?1force at a military base inside
. the United States to preserve
the security of the anti-Castro
operation:.
Prof. Lyman B. Kirkpatrick
:Jr., now on the facullty of
Brown .University, disclosed
:this view in a lecture delivered
,at the Naval War College in
Newport;. B.I. The speech has
been published in the current
college review.
?. Kirkpatrick also said: "If
:the President makes the policy
to get rid of Castro, that is
about the last he should hear
- of it. If something goes wrong
be can fire and disavow, which
is what a President should do,
..not acknowledge and accept
.blame. Of. course, I am being
'critical of the President (Ken-
nedy) but I think this is essen-
tial."
- The former CIA official said
the control of "covert" opera-
fr
" CO?
y
?/ or
STATINTL
tions like the Bay of Pigs ex-
ercise in 1961 should be at a
much lower level of govern-
ment than the President's of-
fice. Having covert operations
run out of the White House or
even out of the office of the
secretaries of state or defense
"makes absolutely no sense
whatever in any society."
"Never Understood"
Although he said he was
speaking? only his personal
views, Kirkpatrick said the
blame for failure of the Cuban
exile invasion belongs to the
CIA, not on the military where
President Kennedy tried to
place it.
"It can be 'concluded," said
Kirkpatrick, "that the Presi-
dent never really fully under-
stood that this proposal en-
tailed a military .operation in
the true sense of the word.
Instead of an assault landing
consisting of some 3,5tX) men,
Kennedy seemed to think this
was going to be some sort of
mass infiltration that would
perhaps, through some mys-
tique, become quickly invisi-
ble."
wiap,s ?
11'? er) rf.,)
L ki 4 iJ
? C,
Kirkpatrick said it wOuld
have been more feasible to
have used U.S. bases instead
of those in Guatemala and
Nicaragua fo rthe invasion of
Cuba because the United
States could have isolated the
brigade and trained the pilots
without disclosure.
"The Bay of Pigs experi-
ence," he said, "does not
mean that we should forget
covert operations as a tool for
implementing national policy.
In fact, that's the last thing it
means. The capability to
mount a covert operation is an.
exceedingly important capa-
bility for our government to
have."
Looking hack over ? the Bay
of Pigs operation, Kiekpatrick
said the most vital lesson
learned was from the opera-
tors' failure to secure accu-
rate intelligence. He said inac-
curate intelligence was the ba-
sis for the disaster adding,
"there is no other place to put
the blame for that then on the
agency ? mounting the operat-
ing."
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DECEMBER 1972
The CentraE !ntelliclence Agency:
A Short History to Mid-1963 Part 2
James Hepburn
STATINTL
"I never had any thought . . . when I set up the CIA, that it would be injected into
peacetime cloak-and-dagger operations. Some of the complications and embarrassment
that I think we have experienced are in a part attributable to the fact that this quiet
intelligence arm of the President has been so removed from its intended role . . ."
? Harry Truman, President of the U.S.
quoted at the start of the chapter
Introductory Note by the Editor
The book "Farewell America", by James Hepburn,
was published in 1968 in English by Frontiers Co..
in Vaduz, Liechtenstein; 418 pages long, including
14 pages of index. James Hepburn is a pseudonym;
the book is reputed to have been written by the
French Intelligence, in order to report to Ameri-
cans what actually happened in the assassination
of President John F. Kennedy. Copies of the book
may be purchased readily in Canada, and at one or
two addresses in the United States. No bookstore
in the United States that I know of will order and
sell copies of the book. (Inquire of the National
Committee to Investigate Assassinations, 927 15th
St. NW, Washington, D.C. 20005, for ways to pur-
chase the book.) The twenty chapters are absorb-
ingly interesting, and well worth reading.
Information about secret intelligence services
and the way they operate is of course not in the
open literature. In the two and a half years
since I read the book, I have seen no demonstra-
tion that any of the information contained in the
book is false -- and the information does tie in
with much else that is known. Perhaps more than
90% of what is in the book is true.
. The following article is based on Chapter 15,
"Spies", of "Farewell America". Part I was pub-
lished in the November, 1972, issue of "Computers
and Automation". Part 2 is published here.
Worldwide Extension of the CIA
Beginning in 1955. the CIA extended its intelli-
gence networks on the continent of Africa. which up
till then, with the exception of Egypt.and Libya,
had been considered of secondary importance. It
established itself solidly in Algeria. the Republic
of South Africa, the ex-Belgian Congo, French West
Africa and the Portuguese African colonies. Latin
America and the Caribbean were controlled by its
American Division.
Preparations for the Invasion of Cuba
When Kennedy entered the White House, preparations
were already underway for an invasion of Cuba. The
project had originated with an executive order signed
by President Eisenhower on March 17. 1960 authorizing
the clandestine training and arming of Cuban refugees.
The operation was directed by Richard Mervin Bissell,
Jr.. a brilliant graduate of the London School of
Economics and former professor of economics at Yale
who had joined the CIA in 1954 and, as director of
its Plans Division, had supervised the U2 project.
Bissell's original plan included the organization of
guerilla troops in Cuba itself, but the shortage of
qualified volunteers and the lack of support among ,
the Cuban population and Castro's army rendered this
impossible. Instead, Allen Dulles decided on a mili-
tary invasion of the island by Cuban exile forces.
Training Sites
The CIA immediately began looking for a suitable
training site. At the beginning of April, 1960,
Robert Kendall Davis, First Secretary of the Ameri-
can Embassy in Guatemala and the local CIA Station
Chief, visited Guatemala President Ydigoras at his
official residence, situated out of precaution on
the grounds of the Guatemalan military schoo1.23
Ydigoras, who had no sympathy for Castro and who
was also faced with a mounting budget, agreed to
allow the CIA to train "special forces" on a base
in Guatemala. The CIA chose the "Helvetia" coffee
plantation atRetalhuleu, which covered 5,000 acres,
was easy to guard, and offered 50 miles of private
roads. There it established a training center for
saboteurs and combat forces equipped with barracks
and a swimming pool.
At the end of May, 1960, the CIA net with repre-
sentatives of the five Cuban exile groups, which
joined in a common front, the Cuban hevolutionary
Council, for which the CIA opened bank accounts in
New York, New Orleans. and Miami. The majority of
the Cuban exiles lived in Florida or Louisiana.
Word spread quickly that something big was in the
wind and that there was no lack of funds. Volunteers
poured in, and a first contingent of men described
as "geometrical engineers" departed for Guatemala
at the end of May, 190.
Training Anti-Castro Cubans
The CIA provided military specialists and foreign
technicians, mainly German and Japanese contractuals.
Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601R000500050001-4
FEDERATION OF AMERICAN SCIENTISTS NEWSLETTE
Approved For Release 2001/03204 : CIA-RDP80-01601
STATINTL .
THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY: TIME FOR REVIEW?
.n.y I ;
The intelligence community, and it budget, pose many arc:fries such additional services of common concern as,
, s
prOblems of traditional concern to thc Federation of Amer- ' the National Security Council determines can be more
jean Scientists: governmental reform, morality, proper ' effectively accomplished centrally:
usc of high technology, and defense expenditures. In thc "perform such other functions and duties related to
last quarter century, intelligence agencies have profiler-
intelligence affecting the national security as the Na-
Clonal Security Council may from time to time dircct.".
atcd. The United States has established an agency which
goes beyond intelligence colicction and, periodically, inter-
? ?
,
? . ?.. ','.. % ?
(italics added) . ? ? ? .. .... _..
fcres in .the internal affairs of other nations. Technology
These clauses clearly authorize clandestine intelligence
suited to the invasion of national and personal privacy
collection but they arc also used, to justify clandestine p0-
has been cieveloped apace. And the $4 to $6 billion being
litical operations. However, overthrowing governments.
spent for intelligence might well be termed the largest
secret wars, assassination, and fixing elections are cer-
"unreviewed" part of the defense budget. tainly not done "for the benefit of the existing inteilig,ence
Twenty-five years after the passage of the National Se- ' agencies" nor are they duties "related to intelligence."
curity Act of 1947, it seems a good time to consider the Someday a court may rule that ,political activities arc noi
problems posed by these developments. authorized.
Of least concern in terms of its budget hut of over-riding In any case, at the urging of Alien Dulles, the Nntional
significance in its international political impact, is the Di- Security Council issued a tecret.directive (NSC 10/2) in
rectorate of Plans of CIA, within which clandestine politi- 1948, authorizing such special operations of all kind:?
cat operations arc mounted. This is the issue discussed in provided they were secret and small enough to be pausitNy
this newsletter:More and more, informed observers quo- ?deniable by the Government. .
[ion whether clandestine political operations ought to be ?Even this. authority has been exceeded since several im-
.
confirmed on a "business as usual" basis. In thc absence possible-to-denY operation's have been undertaken: tn.:
of an investigation, a 'secret bureaucracy?which started 0-2 fliFht, the Bay of Pip,s invasion, thc Iranian Coup, the
in thc Office of Strategic Services during a hot war and Laotian War, and so on. . ?
which grew in the CIA during a cold war?may simply The National Security Act.? gave the CIA no "police
continue to practice a questionable trade. subpoena, law enforcement powers, or internal security
Clandestine "dirty tricks" have their .costs not only' functions ..." Put another secret Executive Ilranch riocii-
abroad but at home, where they are encouraged only too Ment evidently did give the CIA authority to engae in
. easily. And is not interference in the affairs of other domestic operations related to its job. It was under tis
nations wrong?. ? authority that snch.organizations as foundations, educational organizations, and private voluntary groups were
Two decades ago, as the cold war gained momentum, involved with the CIA at thc time of the National Student i/
one of America's greatest political scientists, Harold D.. Association revelations (1966).? '
I.,assweli. wrote a comprehensive and prophetic boo, The "white" part of CIA is, in a sense, a cover for the
"National Security and Individual Freedom." He warned "black". side. CIA supporters and officials invariably ern-
of the "insidious .menace" that a continuing 'crisis might phasize the intelligence, rather than the . manipuia;.,3n
"undermine and eventually destroy free institutions." We function of CIA, ignoring the latter or using phrase., 1....it
would see, he predicted: ?pressure for defense expendi- gloss over it quietly. The public can easily accept the de-
tures, expansion and centralization of Government, with- siiability of knowing as much as possible. But its instincts
holding of information, general suspicion, an undermining oppose doing abroad what it would not tolerate at horne.
of press and public opinion, ? a weakening, of political And it rightly fears that injustices committed abroad may
parties, a decline of the Congress. and of the courts. ' begin to he tolerated at borne: how many elections can
be fixed abroad before we begin to try it here? The last
'.:-.Today, with the Cold War waning, it seems in order to.
reexamine our institutions, goals and standards. Which
election showed such a degeneration of traditional Amen-
responses to the emergency of yesterday can we justify , . .
I to(Hay? o The. present Director of Central intelligence, Richard /
The National Security Act of 1947 created thc Centra , Helms, is working hard and effectively at presenting an
l
image of CIA that will not offend. In a reccit speech, he
Intelligence Agency and gave it Overall responsibility for
laid:
coordinating thc intelligence activities of the several fele-.
yant government departments and agencies interested in ; "The same objectivity which makes us useful to okii
slick matters. Today, a quarter century later, CIA is re- ? government and our country leaves uS uncomfortably
ported to have a budget of about $700-million to $1. , aware of our ambiguous place in it. . . .. We propose tc
billion and a staff of perhaps 18,000 people, or about adapt intelligence to American society, not vice versa.'
8,000 more than the Department of State! (This ad- ' Even constrned narrowly,?this is no easy job, and adapt-
vantage in size gives CIA an edge in interdepartmental ing clandestine political operations to American ideals may
meetings for which, for example, others may be too rushed well be quite impossible. ? ??? ? i ? .
(co folly prepare or not be able to assign a suitable person.) At thc time of thc Bay of Pigs, President Kennedy uo....
r .
"The National ecurity Act authorized CIA to:.
;.serious consideration to breaking CIA into two pieces:
' *S
? one piece would conduct operations and the other wolilc.
"perform for (hAppfrpfveld RP PAReliciaserala4/031@4iccOhic4RDP80-4)116411R000500060004,4
c ',...,...:. , -..
REeleadir24:104/0.8124 : CIA-RDP80-0
NAVAL WAR COLLEGE REVIEW
The capabilities for conducting effective intelligence gathering and paramilitary recy or emotionally involved with its
operations have long been essential tools in the conduct of national policy. implementation? Do the policymakers
Unfortunately, however, certain misconceptions regarding the manner and circum-
have a realistic understanding of the
stances in which they can be employed arose in this country after World War II and operation?
led directly to setbacks like the Bay of Pigs. Rather than shunning the possibility of These are some of the basic questions
using covert operations in the future to gain policy objectives, experiences like the which must be asked prior to the
Bay of Pigs merely underline the fact that policymakers must be educated as to what mounting of any clandestine or covert
is possible, and the responsibility for this lies with the career intelligence community. operation.
Cuban
STATINTL
itself, a brief review of recent Cu
Before turning to the case study
history is appropriate. Fidel Castro
PARAMILITAIIY CASE STUDY landed in eastern Cuba in 1956 with
what turned out to be 12 men. He
TILE BAY OF PIGS gathered forces in the Sierra Maestra irr
1956 and 1957. Even more important,
however, was the growth of anti-Batista
A lecture delivered groups in the cities of Cuba among the
middle class, the professionals, and the
by elite. It was the erosion of Batista's vital
Professor Lyman B. Kirkpatrick, Jr. political support in the cities which led
directly to his downfall. The guerrillas
in the countryside served merely as a
I think that the usual caveat is the public media, but no proof or verifi- catalyst in this process. And eventually,
necessary before I get into the subject at cation is permisske if the operation is on 1 January 1959, Castro stepped into
hand. What I am about to say today are to be properly considered covert, the vacuum left by the fleeing Batista.
my personal views; they do not repre- At this point in our discussion I A fact which many people do not
sent the official CIA view nor the believe it will prove helpful to simply seem to recall was that despite our
U.S. Government view.
official list some of the questions that must be
al This is misgivings about Fidel Castro, and the
an after-action report on an episode in asked before a covert operation is U.S. Government did have them, we
our history which engendered perhaps properly undertaken, recognized his government fairly
the most intense emotions and publica Can it be done covertly? Can the promptly. The first cabinet of the Cas-
reaction we have seen since World Wartro regime was probably one of the
role of the sponsoring government be
H. sufficiently concealed at each step so as finest in Cuban history. It is worthy to
President Kennedy in the aftermathto avoid disclosure and thus either note, however, that very few of the new
of the Bay of Pigs made the comment failure or a diplomatic setback for the Cabinet members stayed very long.
that "Victory has a hundred fathers; sponsor? And if the cover of the opera- In addition to recognizing Castro, the
defeat is an orphan." I would simply say tion is destroyed at any stage, are United States continued its subsidy of
that as Inspector General of the CIA atCuba's sugar crop which at that time
alternative measures or withdrawal pos-
the time, I was probably in charge of sible? amounted to approximately $100 mil-
the orphanage. 0 Are the assets available to do the lion. The three major U.S. oil companies
There is a very specific definition ofdoing business in Cuba advanced him
job required? Are the indigenous per-
covert :operations. In the broad litera- sonnel available who are secure and in $29 million because his treasury was
ture of intelligence, covert operationsthe proper place to do the work re-
bare when he took over. Batista and his
are about as old as espionage, which hasquired? If not, are there those available
cohorts had seen to that. Castro was not
been called the world's second oldestwho can be put into place? invited to the United States on an
profession. To be properly considered0 Are all of the assets of the spon- official trip, but he came here unoffi-
covert; an operation Must be designed in soring government being used? Can the cially to attend a meeting of the Ameri-
such a way that it can easily be dis- operation be controlled? Will the in.
can Society of Newspaper Editors in
avowed by the originating government. digenous forces being used respond to Washington, and he did have an inter-
The hand of the sponsor must not be direction or are they likely to go off on view with the then Vice President of the
visible.United States, Richard M. Nixon. Then,
their own? Will they accept cancellation
Covert operations, on the other of the operation at any time? one by one, the men around Castro
hand, must not be confused with irregu- ? If it succeeds or fails, will they began dropping off. He speedily ex-
tar warfare. An example of irregular maintain silence? The maxim "Silence is propriated U.S. property worth $968
warfare that has received recent world- golden" has never been fully accepted in million. Even his closest barbados?the
wide attention is the operation in Laos. this country, but it is still worth asking. bearded ones?that had been with him
Everybody on both sides knows who is Also, can it be handled securely within in the hills started to turn against him as
doing what to whom; the aid and assis- the sponsoring government? he appointed more and more Commu-
tance is obvious. That is irregular war-
o Finally, and this is perhaps the !lists, and by the middle of 1960 it
fare. A covert operation, however, to be most important question the United became obvious that the United States
was not going to be able to do business
States must ask, is the risk worth the
totally covert must be so clandestine, so
well hidden, that its true sources may potential gain? Has there been a true with Fidel. This, I might say, was a very
never be specifically proven. Guesses, al- evaluation of the chance Of success or great shock to Americans. Cuba was a
count
legations, speculakt05.8edrrocariiRgtita;Y
N1 Ob fmelkie4 ia.rtibok fjp 8000 540484,61
that we reef:Wow
Spain; we had assisted it through the
Approved For Release 29A1VM4,11g44-RDP80
- 22 NOV 1372 .
. .
r
Nixon Order Fails to Ease congressmen as "bad security
risks" because of a tendency
? ? to "tell all to the public."
Access to Classified Datament officials acknowledged
Other former high Govern-
4
,, ? the existence among. some
bureaucrats of the extreme
, view that "public business is no
Are. Impeding . Efforts . to .Obtain business of the public.
Bureaucratic Obstacles and High Costs
ii,.. Older Government Documents
,
By FELIX P,ELAIR JR.
On the other hand, one of the
most eloquent statements of the material could not be located
public's "right to know" was "with a reasonable amount of
given by President Nixon in effort."
promulgating the June 1 order. , When. it was pointed out that
"Fundamental to our way of the material had been referred
'
Reference in Memoirs
Among the June ? 1 requests;
by The Associated Press was-
one to the Defense Department
for certain material on the Ko-'
rean war. The Pentagon replied
Son July 11 that the material
was not in the files of the As-
sistant Secretary for Interna-
tional Security Affairs. Another
reply on Aug. 8 said that the
to in the memoirs of former
.
President Eisenhower as com-
ing from the Joint Chiefs of
Staff. Pentagon searchers said
life," he said, 'is the belief
Special to The Nese York Times that ? when information which
? WASHTNGTON, Nov. 21? wraps and by whom." A House properly belongs to the public
President Nixon's pledge "to watchdog committee has is systematically withheld y
lift the veil of secrecy" from charged that the President's those in power, the people soon they Avould go on looking.
needlessly classified official pa- in 1 order was issued to become ignorant of their own Before its rejection of the re-
Department advised that the
pers is being throttled by bu- affairs, distrustful of those who ? l
quest by The Times, the State,
reaucratic confusion -timidity Icost of identifying, locating and!
- and prohibitive costs, in thereviewing the material could be,
opinion of historians, other 1"as much as S7,000 or more"i
t scholars and newsmen. but that this was riot to be
Five months after the Presi- ?have not been too bad. Of taken as an estimate of any
177 requests made to various der .makes access to classified
.i dent's order on June 1, direct- validity and none could be at-
agencies in the five months information more .difficult ra
:. ing a freer flow of information thrmi h eOctober, 83 were grant- ther than the reverse. tempted. -
The order provides that, after In any case, The Times Was
told it would have to state in
writing in advance that it would
assume whatever cost was as-
signed to producing the ma-
terial, even though the review
process determined that it could
net be declassified ' and re-
leased. .
Pending the outcome of a
written protest to David Young,
head of declassification opera-
tions at the White House, The
Times on June 21 withdrew its
requests to the State Denart-
ment and four other Federal
agencies.
In a letter to Mr. Young, Max
Frankel, the Washington corre-
spondent of The Times said that
"we will not ? buy -a- pig in a
poke, nor should the Govern-
ment ask us to play research
roulette, even if we acknowl-
edged some responsibility for
sharing the-costs involved.'"
Mr. Frankel's chief complaint
was that "the bureaucrats mis-
understand virtually every issue
involved in this whole proceed-
ing." He said, "We have, first,
the admission (and in the case
of the Pentagon papers, the
demonstration) that , vast
amounts of information have
been either misclassified or
wrongly held classified for too
long." ,
Mr. Frankel, who is also chief
of the Washington bureau of
The Times, said that the ob-
vious intent of the President's
order had been to correct both
categories of error and said:
"If the Government intends
to honor the intent and the
spirit of the President's order,
then it should facilitate access,
not raise one barrier after an-
head off such a bill, on which
it was then holding hearings.
Figures compiled by the
White House staff suggest that
results under the new order?
the first "reform" since 1253
to the public from secret and ed in 'full and four in part; 52
confidential papers more than were denied in full and 38 are
10 years old, the output is still pending, the White House
still no more than a trickle. figures show.
The breakdown, however,
?
More requests for documents,
Idocs not take into account that
have been denied or labeled some of the information grante
'pending" than have been 'was not responsive to a re-
granted. Those seeking access to thek quest. One of the features of the
manage them, and--eventually
?incapable of determining
their own destinies."
Despite this endorsement of
a better-informed public, the
language of the President's or-
10 years, secret material on na-
tional security and foreign pol-
isy mst be reviewed for de-
classification on request, pro-
vided that the information is
described "with sufficient par-
ticularity that it can be ob-
tained with only a reasonable
..ystem is that the person re- amount of effort."
-documents are searching for in-questing declassification must Drawback Cited
: formation - that might throwi wee in advance to buy the
- i require-
new light on the origins of thW' The drawback in this .
material He must agree in ad-1 n; ,ment, those who have made the
United States involvement i
ivance to pay the cost of In_
1, the Korean and Vietnam wars, effort say, is that only the of-
eating, identifying and review-,
, the Cuban Bay of Pigs invasioni. ficials know what is in the
ing the material even though
- and other matters relating toi classified files and how it is
it may not answer his question.
identified. Outsiders can guess
- the nation's military and for-
- eign policies.
I In an interview on results
,1 of . the Presidential edict, Prof.
) Lloyd C. Gardiner, chairman of lued classification, hinder ac- agree in writing to assume any
: the history department at Rut-icess to old papers on defense costs entailed in identification
gers University, said that "for, and foreign policy, it has been and location of the material and
misdirection, subterfuge andicharged. Some of these off i- security review. ?
circumlocution there has beenlcials relate prestige and the in- The average citizen and most'
nothing like this bureaucratic,portance of their jobs to the
?performance since the old-fash-'volume of secret information news media consider this cost
ioned shell game."
Professor Gardner, who has
been trying for nearly 10 years
to obtain State Department pa-
pers on the origins of the Ko-
rean war, has also been a lead-
ing critic before Congressional
committees of efforts to devise received the Legion of Merit for quested declassification of the
. a secrecy classification sys_ his work on strategic planning material presumably containing
tern by Executive order. for the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the answers. All together, 55
Future Effect Seen requests went to five Federal
told the House panel that
i. Pentagon clssification was or-
agencies.
Those in charge of carrying dered for a variety of reasons
' out the President's order say it th
,other than e legitimate one of D Three weeks later the State
will have a greater effect in preventing information from have concluded that your re-
years to come as more papers falling into the hands of a p0- quest does not describe the
records you seek with sufficient
particularity to enable the de-
partment to identify them, and
that as described, they cannot
Balked by Officials
, at what is there and provide
Officials' attitudes, as much approximate dates. But to start
as the rules permitting contin- the process the outsider mus
coming across their desks, ac- prohibitive. .
cording to testimony before the The Washington bureau of
House Subcommittee on Free?The New York Times, within a
dem of Information, week of the effective date of
Rear Adm. Gene R. La the President's order, submitted
Rocque, who retired from the 31 foreign policy questions to
Navy after 31 years and who the State Department and re-
are brought under review and
new restrictions inhibit the use
? of secrecy labels.
To Professor Gardner, how-
ever, "the brightest prospect is civilians in their own service; be obtained with a reasoname
other. In short, if the Govern-
that Congress will put an end from civilians in the Defense amoent of effort."
to secret et
pipov
red igiirRefielaserrial/03,104 ?.,Icikftiapamitpoo what it says and
a%
out in legislation what material' from the Congress." He said
tential enemy.
He listed among the other
reasons: "To keep it from the
other military services: from
STATINTL
500014 so say-
ministrative o d .rs and spell Department an , course, ted eight requests on eune
Seven have vet to'be answered'
can be put under security that many officers regarded with a yes or no.
C
Approved For Release acilintOatizSATI4606T0-01
2 2 NOV 1372 .
With your gun and. drums an rums an
. 1
Hurroo, Hurroo
With your guns and drums and drums and gunE
urroo, urroo..:
guns
By Kenneth P. O'Donnell
A few minutes before President
Kennedy was shot in Dallas nine
years ago today, two of his traveling
companions, Dave Powers and myself,
in the motomade close behind his
limousine, were saying how happy he
seemed that morning. As longtime
aides to the President, Dave and I
had seen him through many memora-
ble days but we never saw him in
. better mood than on that trip to Texas.
The big worry of his first two years
in the. White House?the threat of
nuclear war with Russia?was safely
behind him. He had decided to pull
out of Vietnam. A few days before we
went to Texas, Dave and I were talk-
ing with him about Vietnam. We
.asked how he could make a military
withdrawal without losing American
prestige in Southeast Asia. His reply,
in view of today's withdrawal pains
in Saigon, was interesting.
"Easy," he said. "Put a government
in there that will ask us to withdraw."
Thinking of his unserved second
term, I often remember a hand-lettered
sign of farewell, held up by somebody
in? the crowd at Shannon Airport
when President Kennedy was ending
his memorable visit to Ireland in 1963.
The sign said, "Johnny, We Hardly
Knew Ye," a line from the old Irish
? folk song. We borrowed the title when
we wrote our memories about him.
Those memoiies are filled with his
? wry humor. We recall him being
questioned by a loyal worker dis-
- -mayed by his choice of Lyndon John-
son as his Vice-Presidential running-
mate.
? "What will I say to all my friends
? in Boston," the lady asked, "when
they ask me why you picked Johnson?"
? Kennedy smiled, and said, "Pretend
you know something they don't know."
During the summit meeting in Vi-
. enna, we sat at a ,window in the
American Embassy ? residence, watch-
ing Khrushchev argue With Kennedy
*in the garden below. Khrtishchev was
snapping at him like a terrier, while
the President remained unperturbed.
Powers said io the President later,
"You seemArpiCOVOCI1 FatteRe
i? was giving you a hard time out there."
From Irish folk song,"johnny,We Hardly Knew Ye."
"What -did you 'expect me to do?"
Kennedy said. "Take off one of my
shoes and hit him over the head with
it?"
Kennedy, and all Of the Boston
Irishmen on his White House staff, .
were surprised when Henry Cabot
Lodge, our old Yankee Brahmin polit-
ical adversary from Massachusetts,
was suggested by Dean Rusk for the
Ambassador's post in Saigon. The
President told us that he decided to
approve the appointment partly be-
cause the idea of getting Lodge mixed
no in such a hopeless, mess as the
big one in Vietnam was irsresistible.
Lodge was a bit too stiffly patrician
for Kennedy's taste and Richard Nixon
was not classy enough. When we
watched Lodge with Nixon on tele-
vision, accepting the Vice-Presidential
nomination at the 1960 Republican
Convention, Kennedy said to us,
"That's the last Nixon will see of
Lodge. If Nixon ever tries to visit the
Lodges at their house in Beverly, they
won't let him in the door."
. During the same convention, Ken-
nedy watched Nixon accepting ac-
claim from the delegates, turned
away from the TV screen with a
grimace, and said, "If I have to stand
up before a crowd and wave both of
my arms above my head like that in
order to become President of the
United States, I'll never make it." ?
President Kennedy made his most
courageous decision when he received
the news of the failure of the C.I.A.-_
sponsored invasion of Cuba by a forceV
of Cuban rebels at the Bay of _Pigs.
He had approved the plan with one
stipulation ? under no circumstances
could any U.S. military forces join
in combat.
Both the Joint Chiefs of Staff and
the C.I.A. then urged him to send in
U.S. Marines and Navy jets from the
nearby carrier Essex to help the out-'
numbered invaders. He said that he
preferred the embarrassment of defeat
?
to ordering a military attack by the
United States against a small and.
independent government.
"I'll take all the blame for it," he
told the generals.
Publicly the President took the full
responsibility for the Bay of Pigs dis-
aster. But later he learned that the
C.I.A. had assured the Cuban rebel ?
leaders that they would be getting
strong U.S. military support.- That led
him to a bitter conclusion.
Dave Powers remembers the Pres-
ident saying at the time, while they
were swimming one day in the White
House pool, "They couldn't believe
I wouldn't panic and try to save my
own face. Well, they had me figured
wrong."
The Bay of Pigs experience made
President Kennedy leery of military
advice for the rest of his time in of-
fice. "If it wasn't for the Bay of Pigs,"
he said to us later, "I might have sent
Marines into Laos in 1961, as a lot of
people around here wanted me to do."
Nov. 22, 1963 began as a wonderful
day for all of us but by 12:30 all our
lives were darkened. s
Kenneth P. O'Donnell, a member of
President Kennedy's staff, is co-author
with David P. Powers and Joe Mc-
Carthy of "Johnny, We Hardly Knew
Ye."
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STATINTL
Approved For Release 20W41616476eR13P80-01601
!DAVID BRAA TEN
. The Massachusetts ?'uesti6 n ?
The question, of course, is
.how long the United States can
? tolerate the existence of Mas-
sachusetts, with its alien phi-
?losophy, less than 90 miles
from New York City, and re-
portedly even closer to Rhode
Island and Connecticut.
While President Nixon has
? had no difficulty renewing his
? summit contacts with Moscow
and Peking, relations with the
-Bay State have deteriorated
steadily since the election.
The first of 'many skyjack-
Ings, it will be recalled, came
early on the morning of Nov.
8, when a group of wild-eyed,
long-haired youths wearing
McGovern buttons seized the
New York shuttle 15 minutes
:out of Washington and forced
the pilot to fly ? to Logan Air-
port in East Boston. There,
according to foreign news dis-
patches, the AlcGovernites
were given a hero's welcome
and immediately granted asy-
lum.
(Everyone agrees that the
natives ? despite a serious
language barrier ? treated
the hijacked passengers with
What passes for politeness in
Massachusetts. "They just
stared at us," reported an Al-
exandria, Va., housewif e,
"and scratched their heads
and said, 'Ey-up' to all our
. questions." Still, there were a
few nervous moments when
airport militia discovered a
"Nixon, Now More Than
?Ever" sticker on a Chevy
Chase attorney's briefcase.
After questioning, however, he
was released in time to catch
the flight out with the rest of
the Americans.)
It is pretty well agreed that
the low point . -in 'U.S.-
Massachusetts relations was
reached with the disastrous in-
vasion attempt by the Cabot-
Lowell Brigade. After inten-
sive preparation at training
camps in Newport and Block
Islan d, the Cabot-Lowells
sailed into Boston Harbor
(renamed, in their honor, the
Bay of Prigs) and landed in
South Boston. .
It had been hoped that the
-blue-collar Irish ethnics would
rise up and join in the pro-
posed takeover, but the Irish,
as usual, were confused. Un-
der the impression that the
invaders were Italians from
the North End, they swarmed
out of their saloons bellowing
their ancient battle hymn
("Southie's My Home
Towwwwn!") and, armed with
little more than broken Narra-
gansett beer bottles, rushed to
the defense of their property
values and quickly routed the
Cabot-Lowells.
In the series of investiga-
tions that followed, it devel-
oped that intelligence opera-
tions, supposedly the responsi-
bility of the CIA, had somehow
been delegated to the Harvard
Alumni Association. In addi-
tion, communications within
the invading task force had
been hopelessly inadequate,
for while the Cabots spoke to
the Lowells, the Lowells, of
course, spoke only to God. As
a result, many vital messages
were either badly garbled or
completely ignored.
The Cabot-Lowells, after a
brief incarceration on grim,
pungent Spectacle Island,
were eventually ransomed for
7,500 dune buggies, but much.
ill-will remains as a result of
the episode.
The future is uncertain. De-
mands in Congress for a total
blockade of Massachusetts
have been headed off so far,
largely on the grounds that the
move would interfere with ski
trains that are still, under an
old treaty, permitted to transit
the state en route to northern
New England.
Meanwhile, reports that
Massachusetts is in the grip of
severe famine, its natives
subsisting on beans and a thin
stew of salt pork, shellfish and
boiled potatoes, are discounted
by youths just returned from
helping to harvest the cranber-
ry crop. They report that the
population lives on such dis-
mal fare by choice, and seems
to thrive on it.
There are some who believe
Massachusetts can be brought
back into the United States
only by putting Sen. Edward
Brooke on the Republican tick-
et in 1976, but even this drastic
move might not work.
The great danger, according'
to administration sources, is
that the Massachusetts politi-
cal virus will prove to be ex-
portable to other states,
threatening President Nixon's
goal of a generation of Repub-
licans in the White House. In-
deed, Sen. Edward (Che) Ken-
nedy is believed to be plotting
just such a subversive opera-
tion. U2 overflights are keep-
ing his hideout in the eastern
sand dunes under constant
surveillance, and some pro-
gram for neutralizing his influ-
ence is expected to be worked
out within the next three or
four years.
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NOV 1?72
? LIFE
LETTERS
HEROIN AND TUE CIA
by Flora Lewis
THE POLITICS OF HEROIN IN SOUTH-
EAST ASIA
by Alfred W. McCoy
Harper & Row, $10.95
One fact is beyond dispute: heroin
.is flooding into the United States in
sufficient quantities to support an
ever growing number of addicts. Esti-
mates about the drug traffic are unre-
liable, but trends are painfully clear
in mounting deaths, Young zombies
stumbling through city streets., crime
to the point of civic terror. There are
? ?said to be some 560.000 addicts in
America now, twice the number esti-
mated two years ago and ten times
the level of 1960.
Another fact goes unchallenged:
suddenly, in 1970,- high-?...rade pure
white heroin, which Americans prefer
to the less refined drug more nor-
mally consumed by Asians, appeared
in plentiful and cheap supply wher-
ever there were GI's in Vietnam. The
epidemic was a vast eruption. It took.
the withdrawal of the troops to douse
it, for the fearful flow could not be
staunched.
Beyond those facts, the sordid story
of drug trafficking. has been a shad-
owy, elusive mixture of controversial
elements. It was obvious that there
must, be corruption involved. It was
obvious that there must be politics in-
volved, if only because the traffic con-
tinues to flourish on such a scale de-
spite the energetic pronouncements
of powerful governments. It takes a
map of the whole world to trace the
drug net.
Since the United States suddenly
became aware of the sinister dimen-
sions of the plague and President
Nixon bravely declared war on drugs
(unlike the persistently undeclared
war in Indochina), it has been cus-
tomary for U.S. officials to pinpoint
the .poppy fields of Turkey and the
clandestine laboratories of Marseille
as the source of most of the American
curse. Nobody denied that the bulk of
the world's illicit opium (some say 70
percent, some say 50 to 60 percent) is
grown in Southeast Asia and partic-
ularly in the "golden triangle" of
mountains where Burma, Thailand,
and Laos meet. But the U.S. govern-
ment insisted; and continues to insist
in the 11I-page report on the world
opium trade published in August,
that this supplies natives and seldom
enters American veins.
Not so, says Alfred W. McCoy,
who spent some two years studying
the trade. And further, it is certain to
become less and less so as measures
which the United States demanded in
Turkey and France take effect in
blocking the old production and
smuggling patterns. This is of crucial
importance for two reasons. One is
that firm establishment of an Asian
pattern to America means that the
crackdown in Turkey and France will
be next to futile so far as availability
of heroin in the United States is con-
cerned. The second is that focusing
attention on Southeast Asia would
bring Americans to understand that
the "war on drugs" is inextricably in-
volved with the Indochina war, and
has to be fought on the same battle-
ground from which President Nixon
assured us he was disengaging "with
honor."
McCoy, a twenty-seven-year-old
Yale graduate student, worked with
immense diligence and considerable
courage?for the opium trade is dan-
gerous business and the combination
of opium, politics, and. war can be
murderous?to document the facts of
the Asian pattern.
A good deal of it has been common
gossip in tawdry bars of Saigon, Vien-
tiane, and Bangkok for years. But the
gossip mills of Indochinaare a long
way from the streets of Harlem and
the high schools of Westchester
County. The general knowledge that
the rumors reflected is a long way
from precise, confirmed detail. So the
Asian pattern had 'never come
through clearly in the United States.
Now, in his book The Politics of
Heroin in Southeast Asia, McCoy has
set it down. To show how it devel-
oped, he had to backtrack. The use of
opiates in the United States has a
long history. It wasn't until after
World War I that widespread oppro-
brium. added to growing understand-
ing of the dangers, turned the trade
into an underworld monopoly. But
World War II disrupted the supply
routes. Unable to get drugs, Ameri-
can addicts were forced to quit the
hard way. The market diminished,
and, with a modicum of enforcement
effort and international cooperation,
might have been wiped out.
A single U.S. official act, McCoy
believes, turned that chance around
and enabled the creation of a world-
wide octopus of evil almost beyond
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WICHITA, KAN.
BEAver 2 3 1973
E - 66,276
Ana Effiffiefienn
T Patrick McGarvey, a former
Central Intelligence Agency
agent, has written a book about
his ex-employer.
Athong the things his work re-
eals about the CIA are these:
? Intelligence bickering near-
ly provoked Chinese Communist
entry into the Vietnam War in
1966.
? ?
?
? The ill-fated Pueblo mission
and capture by North Korea was
unnecessary since all the targets
it was working against were ah
ready adequately covered by
other intelligence sources. ? '
Unlike some other critics of
the CIA, McGarvey, a veteran of
14 years in intelligence work, he
does not try to expose the CIA,
but ? rather hopes to shed light
on the myth that the CIA "is an
? efficient, well-run machine ca-
pable of almost any act of in-
trigue."
- Instead, he said, the agency is
an "hisufferable bureaucratic
morass with little or no direction, ? .
sorely heeding drastic change."
One ?heeds only to recall the
Bay of Pigs fiasco and the intel-
ligence goof-ups of the Vietnam
war to conclude that he probably
is right.
McGarvey does not advocate
dismantling the CIA; it would
be foolhardy to do so in a world
governed by countries who spy
on one another and plot one in-
trigue after another. ,
?
So, it is essential that we keep
a Central Intelligence Agency.
But if we are going to have one,
we ought to try to make it an
efficient one.
That probably will require an
investigation, and that won't be
easily done because of the .secre-
cy that surrounds the organiza-
tion. Congress often is unable to
get any information on the oper-
ation of the CIA.
The President should appoint
a select committee to look into
the nation's ?entire intelligence
network.
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Approved For ReliffeagalN/G924 :_ClApP8
posT p imAC
8 oct 1972
I 000
eocTigg
(-)By Bob Woodward
moaned E. Howard Hunt. Then he muttered "no
comment" and slammed down the phone.
It was a balmy spring day, June 19, 1972. And
Hunt, the former CIA operative and White House
consultant, had just been informed that his name
and home telephone number were in the address
books of two of the five men arrested two days
earlier at the Democrats' Watergate headquar-
ters.
For Hunt that phone call, that rare June day,
that sudden exclamation must now be an espe-
cially bitter memory. It was, apparently, the first
he knew of any public connection between him
and the Watergate bugging; three months later
he was indicted by a federal grand jury for playing
a part in that alleged conspiracy. By then he had
lost his jobs, been hounded by photographers
and reporters, been the object of considerable
unkind speculation and joking, been plastered
across front pages.
He was, in short, suffering the woes common
to Washington figures caught up in the furies of a
political scandal. If for no other reason, the sheer
inelegance, the slipshod quality of the break-in
and its aftermath must have rankled Hunt be-
cause, on the surface at least, he has a lot of daz-
zle?as do the heroes of his 40-plus novels, many
of which are tales of suspense and spying. Now,
associated not with a coup but with a calamity he
has emerged reluctantly into the harsh limelight;
he came out of a session of early testimony be-
hind shades and beneath a straw hat, looking
more like a Florida motel manager thana superspy.
But he has remained in many respects?as he
wished?a Mystery Man, a Gatsby of the cloak-
and-walkie-talkie set. . ?
After Hunt's name was linked with the sus-
pects, he abruptly dropped from sight. At one
point 150 FBI agents were reliably reported to be
searching for him here and abroad.
In July he re-surfaced and appeared before the
grand jury. Repeated attempts to reach him di-
rectly or through his lawyer (William 0. Bittman,
a former justice Department attorney who suc-
cessfully prosecuted former Teamster chief James
Hoffa) have been unsuccessful.
As of this writing in mid-September, Howard
Hunt has maintained his no-comment posture?
unflinchingly.
Bob Woodward is a writer on the Metropolitan
staff of The Washington Post
Approved For Release 2
STATI NTL
Just a Few Facts
Everett Howard Hunt Jr. is 54 years old. He lives
in a $125,000 house in Potomac, Maryland. He is
the father of four. He smokes a pipe. He is an only
child. He plays jazz on the piano. He attended
Brown University, graduating with a B.A. in 1940.
He served in the U.S. Navy during World War II
and was decorated. The CIA acknowledges that
he was in their employ from 1949 until 1970. Be-
fore the Watergate affair he was a $100-a-day
White House consultant and a writer for the pub-
lic relations firm of Robert R. Mullen & Co. Today
he is neither. An unloaded .25 caliber pistol was-
found by Federal investigators in his desk at the.
White House. Friends call him urbane and witty.
The Past
"Someone would mention a country abroad,
almost any country,and then Howard would start
his 'I-served-there' routine."
?A Friend
According to Who's Who, Hunt serv-
ed: Paris,attache American embassy, 1948-49; Vi-
enna, 1949-50; Mexico City, 1950-53; The Far East,
Uruguay, and the Defense Department as a
consultant. "Howard always brought up the CIA,
recalls the 'friend.'
"He was fascinated with his association with
them and would bring it up in any conversation.
He was never important at the CIA. He was neve,r
able to do all the things he thought up. I recall
once he got down to the issue. Someone was
talking about the slowness of government and
Howard perked up. He said the CIA used to have
guts but then it got bureaucratic and hierarchical.
The CIA, he said, has lost its guts and that's too
bad.
"Well," the friend continued, "I take that to
mean they became responsible and wouldn't let
him run wild." (Atypically harsh comment from
former Hunt friends with a stake in remaining po-
litically alive.)
What was Hunt doing in all those places?
A State Department spokesman was asked if the
embassy jobs and that title "consultant" had any-
thing to do with a CIA cover.
"You'd never get me to say that out loud, but
that's the net effect," the spokesman replied.
According to Hunt's associates, Hunt was a po-
litical conservative with right wing leanings.
The New York Times went so far as to quote
sources who said that Hunt, using the code name
"Eduardo," was in charge of the abortive Bay of
Pigs invasion in 1961.
This is just not so, according to government
sources and friends.
Hunt was never really in charge of much, they
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
?:u4,00,Vggitt 16wctub50001 -4
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TF1E NATION
25 Sept 1972
ZEALOTS FOR NIXON
(74f.oru. r7 '-7 Z\ 67
(Li
nOEEEIT
Washington
"Now this is the kind of thing you expect under a
person like Hitler." ?Sen. George McGovern
Operating within the Republican Party is a relatively un-
controlled group of right wingers, the ideological heirs of
the Joseph McCarthy Death's Head units (Totenkopfver-
blinde) of the mid-1950s and of Goldwater's ill-fated.
Putsch in 1964. They do influence policy at the highest
levels, but they have recently become much more restless
and much more frantic to widen their sphere of influence
- as they unhappily .watch President Nixon venturing off to
Peking and Moscow and taking actions that they hardly
recognize as coming from the Dick they thought they
knew, but now aren't so sure.
They operate along the fine edge of fanaticism, and as
is always the case in such an environment they sometimes
fall off, not only to their embarrassment but to the extreme
embarrassment of the very person they most want to
influence. Such an event occurred in unforgettable style
in the early morning hours, ,beginning between 2 A.M.
and 2;30 A.M. on June 17, in what is known as "The
Night of the Corporals" (Nacht der Korporalen).
At about that hour the Washington police cornered five
men inside the Democratic National Committee headquar-
ters in the Watergate office building. They might have
claimed they had come by to see 'former Chairman
Lawrence O'Brien during the day and, falling asleep, had
been locked in by mistake; but it's not likely that that
story Would have gone over with the cops, since the five
were wearing surgeons' rubber gloves, were weighted down
with eavesdropping equipment and burglary tools, and
were armed with Mace. They also carried fifty-three $100
Vbals?which, the experts say, is the denomination favored
by the CIA in financing its covert operations.
Diligent newsmen later discovered that the five intruders
were in fact only part of a group?the others got away?
who bad been flown in. from Miami, whisked in a 1972
Chrysler to luxurious quarters in the Watergate Hotel
and fed an elegant lobster dinner before being put to
their Spionieren inside Democratic headquarters. The com-
mon denominator of the group was Cuba. Each of the
Jive reportedly had been involved in some way in the
disastrous Bay of Pigs invasion of 1961. Two of the intrud-
ers are worth special attention.
?
i.
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STATI NTL
C1771171; \77,7 r'r ,r 1 y1'470 C:T3c, -;31
L.> 11.3 \./1/ ,1)22.1) C&C,Z.,. .4
-
James W. McCord, 53, Texan, Baptist, Air Force re-
serve colonel, and for nineteen years an employee of the
IA before?the agency claims?he left it in 1970. Mc-
Cord was security consultant to the Republican National
Committee and to the Committee to Re-elect the President,
. the latter hiring him last January at a take-home salary of
$1,209 a month. He had an office in the committee's.
headquarters at 1701 Pennsylvania Avenue, kittycomer
from the White House.
Colonel McCord's Air Force reserve assignment (which
they claim he quit four months ago) was to a special,
secret fifteen-man squad which spent its time making. up
a list of "radicals" who presumably would be put in
"camps" in the event of war; the unit also set up plans
for censoring news and mail, and in other ways suppressing
dissent during the next war.
Tad Szulc of The New York Thnes reported that tv,,O
of the Watergate intruders were known to have connec-
tions with an extremist right-wing group of Cuban ex-
patriates known as the-"Ex-Combatientes Cubanos de Fort
Jackson," about 800 strong, some of whom are committed
to "direct action to combat what they viewed as left-wing
causes in the United States." Szulc's sources also told him
that these right-wing Cuban nuts had "some contact" with
the military reserve unit to which McCord had at one
time belonged.
:The second of the Watergate Five worth special ncitice
is Bernard L Barker, 55, an American citizen born and
raised in Cuba who served with Castro's forces before the
revolution came to a head, but later fell out with the
Cuban Prime Minister and moved to the United States;
reputedly, he was the CIA's finance officer (Schatzmeister)
in the Bay of Pigs organization, and since 1961 has been
on the CIA's payroll. In an interview with Walter Rugaber
of The New York Times (September 12) Barker portrayed
himself as motivated by patriotism, not profit, and re-
peatedly stressed his fortitude under interrogation. Haying
resisted Nazi coercion (a bombardier in World War II, he
was shot down over enemy territory), Barker expressed
confidence in his ability to withstand American methods
of questioning. Indeed, he so preened himself on his
taciturnity under duress,. agreeing proudly with Rugaber
that he is no "squealer," that one is forced to the con-
clusion that he is choking back information that would
rock the country and shatter the. GOP.
Two of the Watergate Five were carrying little
address books in which appeared the name E. Howard
Hunt, Jr., and after it the notation "W. House" in one 41
book and "W.H." in the other. Could that W., by any
chance,. stand for White? For twenty-one years, from
1949 to 1970, Hunt had been with the CIA?he was
another of the key organizers of the Bay of Pias thing,
A-RDP8o41actiRt000600:0900111.-4ie then
"Continued
STATI NTL
THE WASHINGTON OBSERVER NEWSLETTER
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Assm r ./ Amyl On April 15,1972, WO
predicted that "Teddy
LEGACY Kennedy would remain
on the sidelines during
the coming Presidential Election, regardless
whether the Democratic Convention in Miami
will want to draft him or not." WO continued:
"Back in 1963 shortly after President Kennedy's
assassination, Robert F. Kennedy, while be was
still Attorney General, conducted his own investi-
gation of the death of his brother. That private in-
vestigation, which ran parallel with the official
inquiry into the magnicide conducted by the War-
ren Commission, was featured by trips to this
country by an Inspector Hamilton, former Chief
Inspector of Scotland Yard, Hamilton. . . had been
retained by Bobby to help unravel the real truth
about the murder of JFK. . . . Hamilton zeroed on
the fact that the assassination of John Kennedy
had occurred very shortly after his brother Bobby'
had made some preliminary moves of taking direct,
personal control of the U.S. Central Intelligence
Agency, whose leadership be blamed for the Bay
of Pigs fiasco. Hamilton, following the `etii pro-
dest' ('whom does it benefit?') reasoning, reached
the conclusion that Bobby's move to seize control
of the CIA had something to do With murder of
The Soviet KGB and the CIA both conduct
schools for assassins and frequently complement
each other, as in the instance of ale Guevara
where the KGB set up the Argentine-born revolu-
tionist for the CIA to ambush him.
WO on June 15, 1968, reporting on the Guevara
assassination, stated: "the killing was done by
agents of our own Central Intelligence Agency,
sometimes called 'Murder Unlimited' . . . Guevara
was 'fingered' for the CIA by the Soviet police
( KGB)."
The equally murderous Israeli secret political
police *are also specialists in political homicide and
frequently work in cooperation with CIA and KGB.
The public opinion polls have constantly indi-
cated that Kennedy could defeat Nixon.
In the interim between now and 1976 Teddy
intends to ingratiate himself with both Moscow
and Tel Aviv, and be the anointed Communiit-
Zionist successor of Nixon in the White House.
tis elder brother.. . . Teddy has become convince
of the correctness of Hamilton's conclusion, and,
furthermore, considers it to have been further \ in-
dicated by Bobby's own death?which occurred STAT I NTL
within a matter of days after be threw his bat into
the presidential ring and was on the way to putting
himself in the position to take over the free-
spending, powerful cloak-and-dagger agency."
When in the spring the Presidential campaigns
of Muskie and Humphrey faltered, Teddy Ken-
nedy weakened under pressure and permitted his
cohorts to stealthily start his Presidential cam-
paign, but was abruptly stopped by the attempted
assassination of George Wallace. The Wallace as-
sassination plot followed almost exactly the pattern
of the Kennedy assassinations.
Teddy was scared. He told his courtiers to desist
from all efforts to secure his presidential nomi-
nation, but to continue bluffing that he was po-
tentially available in order that be could exercise
more power at the National Convention.
Teddy wanted McGovern nominated because he
was the weakest candidate, most likely to be de-
feated and thus leave the door wide open for Teddy
in 1976. Teddy knew that both Soviet Russia nd
Israel are anxious to have Nixon re-elected and
that any candidate who would seriously jeopardize
Nixon's re-election is in mortal danger.
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THE WASHINGTON OBSERVER NEWSLETTER
Approved For Release 2bbigiO4/012r2CIA-RDP80-01
eral John M. Mitchell immediately after the
1
rea1-1 A President Nixon's business b k-in?
Vi LA Witks5iii k partner and personal friend, Despite his involvement in the much publicized
/111T,rtfrivrrTi Cuban "Bebe" Rebozo is mi- burglary, bugging and wiretapping of the Demo-
plicated - in the Watergate cratic National Committee headquarters, White
caper, according to Cuban exile sources. Report- House Special Counsel to the President, Charles
edly the Democratic organization had a damaging W. ("Chuck") Colson, is still held in high esteem
investigation file on the Nixon-Rebozo business by President Nixon; be accompanies Nixon on his
partnership; also, the Democrats have acquired frequent trips as an adviser, along with Henry
new evidence on the ITT scandal and inside in- A. Kissinger.
formation on the Nixon-Mitchell law firm?am- The Justice Department, which is supposedly
munition that Democratic strategists intended to prosecuting five men in connection with the
drop as bombshell in the campaign. This was the alleged electronic bugging incident at the Demo-
/ .urgency that prompted James W. McCord, Jr., cratic headquarters ? in the Watergate Building
chief security coordinator of both the Republican assigned a lawyer from its Civil Division to defend
National. Committee and the Committee to Re- "Chuck" Colson in a civil suit stemming out of the
elect the President, to personally participate in case. Government attorney Irwin. Goldbloom was
the Watergate burglary? he did not trust his assigned by Attorney General Richard G. Klein-
Cuban cohorts to steal such highly incriminating dienst to represent Colson and Alfred Wong, a
documents?they might be tempted to peddle their special agent of the U.S. Secret Service, who bad
wares to the highest bidder. recommended James W. McCord, former CIA of-
Friends of McCord say that there was a double- ficial, to the position of security chief of the Com-
cross, at the White House level. Two Democrat mittee for the Re-Election of the President.
stool pigeons were planted on the staff of the (McCord was one of the five men arrested in the
Cornmittee to Re-elect the President, but enemies Watergate break-in). Ironically, a Federal judge
of "Chuck" Colson in the 'White House were the appointed by Nixon, Charles R. Richey, ruled that
real culprits who put the finger on the Watergate the justice Department attorney, Goldbloom,
operation according to persons now under inten- could not represent Colson since the latter was
sive ?investigation in connection with the caper. obviously implicated in the Watergate caper.
Frank Fiorini, alias Frank Sturgis, who was one While he was forced by law to make this ad-
of the five arrested at the Watergate, was for 20 verse ruling against the Nixon Administration,
years a confidential informant of columnist jack Judge Richey did so with misgivings, and is doing
Anderson. He kept Anderson advised on the ac- the best he can to protect Richard Nixon. He has
tivities of the several rival Cuban exile groups. taken the unusual step of sealing the transcriptions
Thus far Anderson has been strangely quiet about of the depositions in the civil action instituted by
the Watergate incident. Larry O'Brien, former Democratic National Com-
As of now it appears that the Nixon Administra_ mittee Chairman, until after the election in No-
, / tion is going to make E. Howard Hunt, Jr., and vember. He is also stalling the current grand jury
V G. Gordon Liddy scapegoats in the case. Liddy, proceedings relative to the Watergate incident.
a former FBI agent, who was working as financial A former high CIA official, Tom Braden, who
counsel for the Finance Committee to Re-elect now writes a syndicated newspaper column, says:
the President, was fired by former Attorney Gen- "Mr. Colson is Mr. Nixon's man of the sword;
that is to say be has replaced Murray Chotiner as
Mr. Nixon's principal exponent of dirty tricks. It
is worth noting that at the very moment when
Colson was being mentioned in the press in con-
nection with the wiretapping incident at the
Democratic National Committee, he was also
being mentioned in the press as one of. those who
traveled back. to Washington with the President
on the trip home from San Clemente.
STAT I NTL "Whether the President chose to have Colson
with him because he likes his company or whether
he decided that it might cast more suspicion upon
Colson if Colson were suddenly dropped from
esideatiaLmtouraae is a question which
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-iggCISHAPQ0500tite
. C CC '??
that Colson is slated for the boondocks sooner -
continued
STATI NTL
Approved For Release
FOREIGN POLICY
AND PRESIDENTIAL
CAMPAIGNS
by Stephen Hess
?Nn1
t ou can say all you want about foreign
affairs, but what is really important is the
price of hogs in Chicago and St. Louis," said
the Governor of Illinois, William G. Stratton.
The setting for the Governor's remark was
a post-midnight meeting in the suite of
Richard Nixon at the Sheraton-Blackstone
Hotel. Only hours before, the delegates to the
1960 Republican National Convention in
'Chicago had unanimously chosen Nixon as
their Presidential nominee and the candidate
had now summoned 36 party elders to advise
him on choosing a running mate.
Ultimately Nixon rejected Stratton's advice
and picked Henry Cabot Lodge, whose face
was known to millions of American television
viewers as their country's chief spokesman at
the United Nations for nearly eight years. In
explaining his decision, Nixon commented,
"If you ever let them [the Democrats] cam-
paign only on domestic issues, they'll beat
us?our only hope is to keep it on foreign
policy."
Nixon has not been the only candidate to
be confronted with the conventional wisdom
about what is the relative effectiveness of
foreign and domestic issues in Presidential
campaigns. Barry Goldwater in 1964 dis-
patched an aide to Chicago to discuss a forth-
coming speech with Charles Barr, "a signif-
itant force in Illinois politics." Barr, according
to speechwriter Karl Hess, was concerned
"that Goldwater was not talking about the
pocketbook issues which, in the minds of
most political pros, are the only ones that
really swing votes." Nevertheless, Hess pre-
.1 0
fRY
?
0 A
?
a
uIA-RDP80-01601
STAT I NTL
dieted that the speech "would contain .some
comments on foreign policy." Barr's reply,
"angry and loud," was "You Goddamn Boy
Scouts are going to ruin everything."2
? Ironically for Richard Nixon, 1960 was the
only election since 1952 in which foreign
policy did not play the dominant role. For the
evidence strongly suggests that?contrary to
the belief of many observers?foreign policy
has been dominant in four of the last five .
Presidential campaigns, and will be a major
issue in 1972.
This election, of course, pits a man who
rose to national prominence through his
?
steadfast opposition to the Vietnam war
against a man whose overriding interests and
achievements have been in foreign policy,
and who will undoubtedly campaign on the
"generation of peace" theme; Nixon stressing
his record and highlighting his Moscow and
Peking trips while trying to defuse Vietnam,
and McGovern stressing his opponent's un-
fulfilled pledge to bring the war to an honor-
able conclusion. Reinforcing McGovern is the
fact that, unlike 1968, opposition to the war
is now a unifying issue among Democrats and
thus becomes a rallying point for a party
seeking to heal the self-inflicted wounds of the
pre-convention period. Reinforcing Nixon's
position is the control the President can
exercise over events in the international
arena, including the possibility that he might
manage to undercut the Democrats totally on
the Vietnam issue.
While foreign policy has been the dominant
issue in four of the last five elections and is
likely to dominate again this year, there are
several important additional observations
that must be made:
1. We have not witnessed serious, responsible
debate on foreign policy during the Presi-
dential campaigns;
2. The American voter is not particularly
knowledgeable about foreign policy issues;
3. The electorate's interest in foreign policy
'Carleton Kent and Joseph Albright. Chicago Sun-
'Karl Hess. In A Cause That Will Triumph (New
Times, July 29, 1960. York: Doubleday te Company. Inc., 1967). pp. 21-23.
continued
STAT I NTL
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Approved For Release . 2001103/0 TiaN-16P80-01
T..rr,r.ii7.:.7` L:7*:"C! .4."7. ..-n..k.iT
. 2 5 SEP 1972
favorite targets. In one CIA documentary the
film opens with a shot .of a woman holding her "It is even said that one of the presidential I
hands over her breasts ? -whatever that sig,ni- candidates is in favor of lifting - the blocl.aue
lies. against Cuba," Castro told cheering "25th o;H
..The film cites the CIA involvement in the, July" crowds. But objecting .to the Democratic
1961 Bay of Pigs invasion and then charges Old' party platform, Castro said, "At the same time ,
it was stipulated that Cuba cannot become a ,
.,..:
CIA was also responsible for the murder last Soviet military base." ? ,
year of Chile's Army commander, Gen. Rene We would like to tell those gentlemen, for a
?
Schenider. Always, the CIA is depicted by a starter, that in our territory, -.?;e do as we damn
mysterious spider web, rats, or . other evil- please!"
looking animals. But the sympathy towards McGovern, prH
Cubans are barraged by similar propaganda ticularly among young people who privately
in other mediums. A recent red-banner yearn for a political change, is marked. , ,
headline across the top. of Cuba's only official A recent newspaper cartoon sympatheticall
newspaper, Granma, carried the message, -"A depicted a donkey standing on his hind legs-
new record for aerial escalation by the Nixon holding a sign that read "donations for the
administration: 39 attacks." - election campaign" and a tin cup, that read-
As in every article mentioning him, the "Democrats." .
name of the President is given a vicious twist, Cubans consider themselves very much
dropping the "x" and 'replacing it with a Nazi part of the American community of nations,
swastika. News programs begin every evening despite the fact that they have been Ler
with a special five-minute film allegedly outside the Organization of American Stair-,
depicting U. S. "warplanes" destroying Viet- which voted. to impose trade sanctions ei-i?
nam. . .. years ago.
Another recent front-page article carried the 'A large brightly-lit neon sign in downtowr
news of the space astronauts postage stamp Havanna reads, "What is Cuban history .if no
exploits, under the headline "The First Moon the history of the Americas?" An. 'Americe4
Swindle." The text began, "The United States flag is even marched with all Latin American
has achieved another space goal with exclusive flags during official parades. The last dcrnors
characteristics for the present and the future. stration in front of the barricaded U.S. einbaes:
"American astronauts have successfully building, noW home . for the Swiss consulatb,
staged the first smuggle between the Earth and was in 1969, after a group of Cuban fishinj
the Moon. .Of course, it's not a 'mafia-type' boats was seized by a Cuban exile group.
crime. It's much simpler. In the space flights, The Voice of America radio station ' ij
- NASA always sends envelopes with cancelled capably jammed but Cubans can receive-
stamps. After the astronauts return, the U. S. number of stations in Florida, only 90 mile
government presents them as gifts to politi- away, including a Miami station that broad
clans and foreign dignitaries as a form of casts almost exclusively professional U: S
propaganda and bribe, a very subtle bribe." - baseball games, Cuba's favorite sport.
The article left the strong impression that
instead of coming clean before they were found Despite the "no compromise" diplomatipostures that both the U.S. and Cuban gce.Teri,
out, the astronauts only admitted their guiltm ' ent have adopted both sides are quietl
and returned the remaining envelopes after
beginning to grant visas to some types c
NASA officials had discovered the truth. visitors. A group of American scientists wer
Even cartoons are not exempt. Cuba's
e in July to attend an oceanographi
answer to "Dennis the Menace" called "Mato- permittedconference in Cuba and this month two U. !.
jo," is depicted in a recent humor magazine sugar experts reportedly has granted visas to
firing a toy machine gun outside his living
number of Cuban physicists to visit Washingto
room window. "Pum, porn, pum, porn." later this month for an international confei
'Don't make so much noise," his mother
ence sponsored by the National Academy c
says. -Science. .
Jumping up and down with arms out- There is even an unconfirmed report thr
stretched, Matojo shouts, ''I shot them down. 1 -Cuba is building a new hotel at Cienfuegos .fc
shot them down." "What did you shoot down?," the purpose of inviting the children of Cuba
his mother asks. "I'm a North Vietnamese
, exiles in the United -States who were 16 c
guerrilla and I shot down a yankee plane,' under when they left Cuba to return for a on
Matojo responds. The centerfold cutout was a month, expense paid visit, with guarantee
red Vietnamese style hat. "safe conduct" back to the United States. .
Perhaps the most striking thing about talk- Fidel Castro once said that Cuba
log to hundreds of Cubans is that despite the . for their wei. e not responsible r tneir a,
heavy .dose of propaganda, there is a.tremen-
dous reservoir of friendship for the United
tions and therefore could return to Cuba to se
the "revolutionary gains." The obvious hope '
States. that a few will decide to stay behind..
In part this is due to a Cuban government
,g1wcia1 Report
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Editor's
. Note: The Cuban people are fed a
particular image of the United States by some
gifted political propagandists. After a month on
Castro's island, correspondent Wallach pro-
vides an inside look at the anti-American bar-
rage in this, the seventh of 12 exclusive arti-
cles.
? - By JOIIN P. WALLACH
News American Washington Bureau
A machine gunner pops out of the multi-
tiered wedding cake at Luci Baines Johnson's
nuptials and mows down the White House
guests. Nazi firing squads .punctuate every
:clause of Martin. Luther, 1:ing's "I Have A
Dream" speech with. a Volley of rifle shots.
_ A bad dreami Someone's perverse ballu-
' .eiliations? No They are scenes from "LBJ,"
rent "Clonimentary" ? directed by one of the
world's best carnermen and most powerful
political propagandists, Santiago Alvarez. His
newsreels are screened in schools, on television
and often precedine the main feature in almost
every commercial theater in Havana.
"1.11J" alines that the murders of - Presi-
dent John F. Kennedy and his brother, Robert,
as well as the assassination of Martin Luther
'King were part of a conspiracy somehow in-
volving President Johnson. In a clever pastiche
of actual footage,- the former chief executive is
depicted playing with a rifle at his Texas ranch
after newsreels shots of each assassination and
funeral procession.
? "Hate is a good things," Alvarez contended
In an interview, "because by channeling your
emotions you avoid other crimes. I have too
much hate in myself, hut when you see children
burned with napalm with your own eyes, how
can anyone be immune to hate?"
. -When this correspondent scarcastically
congratulated Alvarez on his success in con-
veying hatred, he equipped, "That's wonderful,
I'm completely happy that my hate is useful for
something." But he denied his films were pro-
- paganda warfare.. .
"When I make a film I make a film. When I
shoot a gun, I shoot a.gun. If the enemy ap-
proaches while I -am filming in Vietnam and I
and fighting with a gun, 1'11 abandon the film.
That's how I feel."
. His upcoming projects include an animated
documentary depicting Mickey Mouse being
machine-gunned as he disembarks in Vietnam
and another ridiculing Tarzan by juxtaposing
footage of native Africans dancing with what policy of always distinguishing between the
- Alvarez considers racist treatment of, Africans Nixon administration,- constantly compared to
. ? .He ?is
in Tarzan films. "demystifying" the heroes (he has Hitler, and the "good". American people. One of
already "executed" Superman) who he con- those who has recently made it in the latter
category is Sen. George McGovern, the Demo-
YieTlasneck0a;FIRMINec2004103104450-11A-RDP80-01601R0005000500014
The Central Intelligence Agency is one of J
people.
? 1.
Approved For Release 20011/031/04s'ICIAS-ZWCT-6160
20 SEP 1,972
By JEREMIAH O'LEARY
Star?News Staff Writer
? The others call Bernard L.
Barker, one-time .U.S. Air
- Force Captain, CIA operative
and Cuban policeman, "Ma-
cho," a word which means he-
man in Spanish and is reserv-
ed for strong and respected
figures.
. Barker at 55 is balding, bes-
pectacled and running to
thickness in the waist and he
does not project the gladiator
magnetism of his muscular
follower, Frank Sturgis, the
tough ex-Marine from Edson's
Raiders and Cuban gun-
running days.
Howeve r, Barker, soft-
voiced but decisive, projects
an image of dominance when
he is among the other Miami-
based defendants in the Water-
gate case. Barker does not
growl or shout orders at his
group ? Sturgis, Eugenio
Martinez and Virgilio R. Gon-
zalez ? but they defer to him.
The association of the four
emerged, in several hours of
conversation here yesterday,
as easy and relaxed: But,
when the group walked togeth-
er, the other three almost au-
tomatically fell a pace or two
behind Barker.
.Dates on His Daughter
From previous interviews,
Barker has become fairly well
known, at least as a personali-
ty: an anti-Castro activist, for-
mer operative for the CIA,
half-Cuban American whose
own appraisal of himself al-
most reaches the super-
patriot.
He also is a family man who
confesses openly to being .in
love with his wife of 27 years,
Clara, who dotes on his daugh-
ter, Maria Elena Moffett of
Alexandria, Va.
? Sturgis, and, in particular,
,
Martinez and Gonzalez, are al-
most unknown to the public
except as portrayed in police
mug-shots after the Watergate
incident and the TV film seg-
ments as they enter and leave
courthouses.
Gonzalez, 45,. a Cuban-born
locksmith, is a smiling little
man with a sense of humor
and an unshakeable belief in
the efficacy of firepower. He
was a body guard to Cuban
President Grah San Martin in
the old pre-Castro days.
Yesterday, he was carrying
a brief-case the size of an
- overnight bag for attorney
Henry Rothblatt and he re-
called that when he was a
?guardia de espakia" (Body-
guard in Cuba) he used to car-
ry a submashine gun in just
such a bag.
Consummate Retainer
Ile waved off a proferred
flame from a Zippo and used
his own match, because, he
said, he once had a larger
mustache and burned much of
it off with a cigarette lighter.
Gonzalez lagged behind the
rest of the group, including
Rothblatt and Maria Elena, as
we walked several blocks to a
? courthouse area restaurant for
lunch. .
"I like to look at the backs
of my friends," Gonzales
said,smiling at his small joke.
More seriously while talking
about guns, he remembered
that in Cuba a policeman
could shoot anybody and never
,face any kind of inquiry.
Essentially, he comes
through as a man of more loy-
alty than conviction, the con-
summate retainer, a doer of
tasks without deep delibera-
tion. One senses that Gonzalez
regards Barker as his "pa- .
tron" and NVould follow him
without question.
Martinez, 49, is a gray, jib
tense in an of obvious intelli-
gence who articulates well. He
is a real-estate salesman for
Barker's Miami business, and
once- had a CIA association in
smuggling refugees out of
Cuba. Where Barker is eelf-
contained, and Sturgis is flip-
pantly defiant, and Gonzalez
twinkles over his own jokes,
Martinez is intense and hot-
eyed. -He feels deeply the
plight of Cuba under Castro
and the basic disinterest of
North Americans in hat is hap-
pening in Latin America.
"You people do not pay at-
tention to what is happening
and you do not see what the
Communists are doing down
there," Martinez said. He
spoke strongly of a need for
the Latin peoples to be treated
with dignity.
Martinez is closest to Barker
in revealing that he has an
ideology which transcends oth-
er aspects of his character.
Even on short observation,
Martinez clearly seems a man
of fierce convictions, carefully .
thought out. Where Gonzalez
would appear ready to follow
any leader he respected, Mar-
tinez would have to share the .
convictions of that leader.
Had Right Answers
Sturgis is the most colorful
,of the group Rothblatt calls.
"Barker and his boys." He is -
a burly, 205-pounder in well-
fitted knits and spade-shaped .
-sideburns and he looks like
what he claims to have once
been, a heavy-weight fighter.
Born in Norfolk, Va., he
changed his name from Fiori-
ni to Sturgis. All through the
Watergate case,- Stuns has
been listed as 37 years of age
but yesterday he said he was
43 and had served three years
in the Pacific with the Raider
Battalion of Col. Red Mike Ed-
son.
Sturgis rattled off all the
right answers about the train-
ing of the Raiders n Samoa,.
their hard fighting on Guadal-
canal where he said he was a
Marine corporal, their absorii-
lion into the 4th Marine Regi-
ment for the invasion of Guam
and then into the 6th Marine
Divison for the invasion of
Okinawa.
? Sturgis cuts an imposing fig-
ure, like a muscle man on TV,
and walks with a strut. lie
smuggled guns for Castro,
then switched sides and helped
train the Brigade A salto 2505
in Guatemala for the ill-fated
invasion of the Playa Circa,
known in the U.S. as-the Bay
of Pigs.
No leader like Barker would
be ready to confide too much
in Sturgis, nor would Sturgis
require it. He is not especially
a thinker and fancies himself
an amiable tough guy. lie
seems to talk almost too readi-
ly about his military eeploits
- ("I refused a purple heart
from Adm.. Halsey") and one
wonders where fact and fanta-
sy divide.
Tailing the Tails
His character meshes best
with little Gonzales, the old
Grau pistolcro and he jovially
said, "Gonzalez was a damned
good cellmate."
Barker, the leader,' seems
outwardly to be a successful
businessman who follows the
Mani Dolphins, goes fishing
and conducts his affairs like
the next president of the real
estate board.
It is only when be talks of
Cuba, Castro and the Mc-
Govern candidacy that he
steps out of the businessman
character and remembers this-
and-that about the days when
he worked with "our friends,"
his euphemism for the CIA.
He enjoys telling about his
years as a secret policeman
for President Fulgencio Batis-
ta when American operatives
would be tailing anti-Batista
Cubans while he, Barker,
tailed the Americans.
By his lights, Barker is 'a
.dedicated American and he is
a man ready to act within his
concept of how America
should and can he saved. He
gives the impression of a man
who feels a duty to the United
States, of which he is a citizen,
and to Cuba, where he was
born.
The Miami four are all like
that, unashamed. They were
caught redhanded in the Dem-
ocratic National Committee of-
fices so they do not bother to ?
deny they were there. But
there is no detectable chagrin
that they were caught nor feat
of what might happen to them,
, when they are tried. ? ? .
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STATI NTL
A
)The Spes Wh
Came hi
For the Heat
STATI NTL
2001/01/04 : C -0
18 SEP 1972
multiple loose costs and to unearth de-
tails of the affair never before exposed.
The team's report:
THE WHITE HOUSE 'PLUMBERS'
? Barker, the. moneyed son of a Cuban
mother and an American father, began
assembling a loosely knit team of his own
from the. Cuban community in Miami,
From his' own real-estate film, Barker
The four former CIA operatives and tapped Eugenio Martinez, a friend of
- the Cuban locksmith arrested at gun-- fifteen years who, like Barker, had
point inside the Democratic Nationalhelped smuggle refugees out of post-
Committee headquarters ?,01-e no iso- Batista Cuba. Frank Sturgis, 49, (former-
lated band of zealots. And the Water-
.
ly Frank Fiorini), an ex-marine given to
Three months ago, the predawn raid gate raid was by no means an isolated gun running and girls, joined him. And at
on the Democratic National Corn,- incident. As early as the summer of 1971, Miami's Missing Link Key Shop Barker
rnittee headquarteTs inside Washington s a small, tight, political intelligence team found a 45-year-old locksmith named
elegant Watergate complex seemed lit- was forming up in the basement of-
Virgilio Gonzales.
tie more than clumsy political derring-do fiees of the Executive-office , Building To what extent GOP higher-sips. knew
pulled off by overzealous, aging and in- next door to the White House. And its of the team?and approved of its activi-
ept James Bonds. In the time since, the impact would soon .he felt all across the ties?is unclear. "I suppose it was a 'Do it,
tangled affair has turned into the politi- 19,-i2 election campaign. don't- tell me how you do it' situation,"
cal hydra of the Presidential campaign. The team was originally formed strict- 'said an insider. The full extent of the
Each time Republicans have tried to ly as a pack of in-house watchdogs. in team's operations will likely remain a
smother the controversy, some fresh em- the fail of 1971, increasingly concerned mystery, too. But by last spring a pat-
barrassment has popped up to bring it ? about a rash of security leaks that began tern of anti-Democratic espionage had
back to life. And as the revelations con- with the 'Pentagon Papers, Presidential begun to Unfold in Washington.
tinue to pile up, the Watergate affair has assistant John 1). Ehrlichman quietly On May 16, the law offices of the
emerged as the most dramatic clear-cut tapped his able, aggressive deputy, Egil eventual Democratic Vice Presidential
disclosure of major political espionage in (Bud) Krogh, 31, to plug the leaks. Thus . candidate, R. Sargent Shriver, and the
the history of U.S. Presidential elections. the White l .louse ..,plumbing" crew was
party's credentials committee chief, Pa-
It is a curious and instructive tale, of- born. Presidential troubleshooter Charles tricia Harris, across the yard from the
fering rare glimpses into the back rooms W. Colson rang in an old Army-Navy Jwatcrgate, were broken into?though
of American politics and the antics of Club friend named E. lIoward Ifunt, a nothing appeared to have been stolen.
obscure soldiers of fortune embarked on retired CIA career spy, prolific pulp There is no proof that the Watergate five
a spy-thriller escapade. It features, in
novelist and public-relations speech- vvere involved- in this or any other break-
) addition to the bizarre Wa.t.etrga.t.e break- writer, as a $100-a-day consultant. From
writer, as before June 17. But on Mav 20, five
,j in, a special squad of \\ tu e House ni- Treasury came G. Gordon Liddy, 42, men checked into the Watergate. Hotel
vestigators eavesdropping on the Admin- a bright, ambitious former FBI agent
under the same names that the Water-
istration's own telephone calls; a series and Dutchess. County, N.Y., prosecutor gate Five were first to give to the police
of espionage coups against the Demo- ?vith a flair for the dramatic (once, after their arrest.* They stayed through
crats involving electronic eavesdropping
to make a point in a summation, Liddy the Memorial Day holiday. While they
and photographs of documents from , ,-. ,
-were there, two attempts were made to
m
Democratic files; $114,000 in GOP ca- , l',"xl off a Pist?I loaded with blanks in '
.) cam-time courtroom). break into the DNC.
i paign contributions apparently diverted 1 'I
he J. le plurnbers stuck to their assigned .
? - On the night of the 27th, Lawrence
1 to one of a team of adventurers with t
' task?tracing leaks in the newspapers and O'Brien charged last week, some of .the
v CIA and anti-Castro connections;.an in- i.
. eavesdropping on the phone conversa- same people later arrested at Watergate -
.tricate "money washing" operation aimed : . W
ns o
ti f White House staffers to detect' made an abortive attempt to plant an
at hiding the identities of political donors -, 2
signs of disloyalty. But as -fall turned to eavesdropping device in Sen. George
.by channeling funds through a Mexican ! :',
..,cs,oovern's preconvention headquarters
z.winter an x r d re-election strategy became a
bank; the secret transfer of $25,000 in
on Capitol Hill. O'Brien also chart,ed that
more urgent concern, Hunts and Ltddy's
cash on a Miami golf course, and
hi's own phone and another DNC line
;attention began to shift from internal Ad-
$350,000 stashed?and apparently unac-
had been tapped for weeks before the
ministration security to intelligence-gath-
_
counted for?in a Republican Party of- :-
flee safe. ering that might be used against the raid, and monitored "on a regular daily
The affair has been painfully embar-
Democrats. They began carefully assem- basis", from Room 723 in the Howard
rassing to the Administration on several bling potentially damaging dOssiers cm Johnson Motor Lodge. across the street: ?
counts. Besides the spying issue, it has any and all possible Democratic Presiden- Only a single hint as to the fruits of
focused attention on the whole Nixon tial and Vice Presidential candidates? all this snooping has so far come to light.
campaign fund-raising operation?espe- and Hunt in particular launched a fresh A fortnight ago, Michael Richardson, 29,
cially the $10 million raised from big investigation into Sen. Edward Ken- who' works in a Miami photo shop, told
: givers before the April 7 deadline under nedy's tragic automobile accident at Miami authorities that two men came to
the new law that requires donors to be Chappaquiddick. his shop on June 10?a week before the
listed. It has also put the Administration
At about the same time, the focus of Watergate arrests?with 38 frames of .35-
into the position of having to investigate the operation began to shift toward the mm. film to be rush-developed. The pie-
itself while resisting demands for a spe- , newly formed Cominittee to Re-elect tures, said Richardson, showed surgical
cial independent inquiry.
the President. In October, a husky, bald- gloved hands holding a series of docu-
The full scope of the Watergate caper ing electronic eavesdropping specialist mends against a shag rug. Some bore
itself will be charted only when indict- named James W. McCord Jr., 53, who,J the DNC letterhead; some, the signature
ments are returned and the case conies had spent nineteen years debugging of Larry O'Brien. At least one, Richardson
to trial?and even then some of its dark- CIA installations, joined ' the committee stated, appeared to be a dossier on a
er byways may never be illuminated, as security coordinator. In December, proinine?t woman Democrat?possibly Pa-
But for a period of weeks, a special Liddy himself moved over to the corn- tricia Harris. Shown a random assortment
NEwswEEK investigative team led by mittee. In NOvember,-Hunt began a series . of mug shots, Richardson unhesitatingly
Nicholasilorrock and Evert .Clark has of phone conversations with a Miami man identified Bernard Barker and Frank
been at workAppyttoedifoRelplfstgOrTIO3YOLcIACIMR1301-cf- Of8041T00050006000TUther"L
Mexico City, Ilouston, Minneapolis ai:r >ay o igs preparatIons, continued
elsewhere?to try to stitch together the Cuban-born Bernard L. Barker.
Approved For Release 20/0411/biAi?44:1bIA-RDP80-016
13 SEP 1972
A 0
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Ne.wsweek. in its current issue reports that the group of five men ?
four former CIA.agcnts and a counterrevolutionary Cuban?who were
arrested at gunpoint in the headquarters of the Democratic party in the
early hours of June 17 with bugging equipment in their possession, were
part of a "political intelligence" team formed in the basement of the
White House in the summer of 1971.
The report by Newsweek Washington correspondents Nicholas
Iforrock and Evert Clark discloses that the secret group was formed at
the request of a top Nixon assistant, John D. Ehrlichman. According to
Newsweek, its purpose was to spy on White House personnel for signs of
disloyalty, plug leaks to the press and similar "dirty work." For pur-
poses of the election campaign, the group applied its CIA know-how to
spying on tile Democrats.
The New York Times Tuesday published an interview with Bernard
L. Barker, one of the five men arrested at the Watergate Hotel, in which
he admitted his participation but refused to name others or to disclose
the reasons for the break-in. Barker said he and his associates consider
that the election of George McGovern would ri.',.lect the beginning of a
trend that would lead "to socialism or communism, or whatever you
want to call it."
Barker is a registered Republican in Florida. One of the main
reasons given for his action is his agreement with Nixon's ultra-rightist
policies, including continuation and escalation of the war in Indochina
and opposition to socialism in Cuba. Although the interview does not
make clear what role Barker played in the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba,
Ile is known to have been a CIA agent in that plot.
Barker told the Times that he joined the Cuban National Police
before the revolution "with the full consent and cooperation of the FBI."
It was through Barker's bank account and through his hands that
$114.000 in funds contributed to the Committee to Re-elect the President
passed after at least $S9,000 had been "laundered" to hide its source
by being passed througha Mexican go-between.
In other developments, lawyers for the Dernocrats charged that
Maurice Starts, who resigned his post as Secretary of Commerce to
work on the campaign to reelect Nixon. paid a "political espionage
squad" to spy oh leading Democrats and increased the sum demanded
as damages from $1 million to S3.2 million. They also charged that other
bugging attempts were made. including telephone tapping. with tran--
scripts of converations passed to the Republicans.
STATI NTL
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coNGREssioNAL RLLUItD ? sENATE )tem ? 13. /979
, that the District of Columbia, Maryland, and
Virginia food license numbers of Heidi and
State House, are identical with the number
on .the Briggs container. Thus, all three
brands are made by the same manufacturer.
A further comparison reveals that the
weights are nearly identical: 42 ounces for a
half gallon of Briggs and Heidi, 40 ounces for
State House. But the prices are not identical:
Briggs costs 81.19, Heidi 99 cents, and State
House Gil cents. Becauae ice cream makers are
not required to list the ingredients or butter-
fat content, the consumer selecting among
the three brands has no way of knowing dif-
ferences in quality or weight.
The difference between the mass-produced
ice erdans served by Helen and the kind I buy
at a bakery Is air. Those who remember lick-
ing the dashers of a hand-cianked home
freezer know .thati air Is introduced into ice
cream acconling to how much the ice cream
Is beaten. My baker boats his ice cream for
only twelve minutes, putting in just enough
air to keep it from becoming soggy and
gooey. Some factory-made brands are so
aereatcd that no bite Cr chew is left.
The topping Helen served was Cool Whip,
the nondairy dessert manufactured by Gen-
eral Foods. She put two blobs on Prank's
dish. They at like. a pair of cleanly breasts
upon the tan body of luscious-looking ice
cream: To me, the Cool Whip was the most
revolting part of the meal. It is a "food"
made almost entirely from additives and
synthetics. After water, the main ingredi-
ents as listed are an all-star selection: hy-
drogenated coconut and palm kernel oils,
sugar, Vanilla, soclittin caseinate, dextrose,
polysorbate 60, soibltan monostearate, Car-
rageenan, guar guns, artificial color and fla-
vor'. Cool Whip, which won the 1970 award of
the Institute of Food Technologists, was de-
seribed by the institute as a "stable freeze-
thaw emulsion resembling whipped cream in
appearance, utility, and texture when eaten."
I...passed op the Cool Whip pleasure and
wondered if my' friends would ever invite
me back again.
When .1 got home that night I looked up
a ?chapter iii Comi:niacr Bciaare! in which the
author answert the quesiion, "What harm
can chemical food additives do?" She writes:
"Scie:itists are beeoniing aware of the need to
study the itrioward remits of chemical food
additives on kealth]--those which are slight,
unP.oticed, delayed, and indirect. These are
the subtle effects on the human system at
the basic cellular level, reaulting from hun-
dreds, even thousands of substances bio-
logically foreign to the body, consumed
daily in common foodstuffs, over many years,
or even during an entire lifetime." I ate an
? apple, organically grown, and went to bed.
r
NOTABLE ADDRESS BY
DR. ARIO LAZO
Mr. THURMOND. Mr, President, as
a student of U.S. policies in the strategic
Caribbean danger zone, I long ago noted
the failure of many important sections
of our mass news media to report and
editorialize objectively on crucial geo-
political.events, such as the Communist
takeover of Cuba in 1959-61, the Bay
of Mgr; disaster of 1001; the culla::: mis-
sile crisis of 1962, the attempted Com-
munist takeover of the Dominican Re-
public in 1965, and the maneuvers by
certain elements in the State Depart-
ment, beginning in 1964, to have us give
up ? our jurisdiction over the Panama
Canal.
Fortunately, there are organizations
In our Nation's capital city with mem-
berships that well understand what is
transpiring and which have the cour,
age to expose the facts. One of them is
the District of Columbia Chapter of the
Military Order of the World Wars.
At its monthly meeting on May 11,
1972, the speaker was Dr. Mario Lazo,
a distinguished Cuban lawyer who holds
degrees from Cornell University and
the University of Havana. Dr. Lazo
founded and for many years headed one
of the most respected and suceessful
law firms ill Latin America. The U.S.
Government was one of his many
clients.
At the time of the Bay of Pigs in 1901
Dr. Lazo was arrested and threatened
with execution. His wife saved his life
and also helped him escape to the
United States. He then resolved to de-
vote the rest of his life, if necessary, to
finding out how and why Cuba had been
surrendered to the Communist empire.
The missile crisis, which came a year
later, added to his task, to which he
brought the investigative skills of a
great lawyer and a reputation that per-
mitted him to reach into the highest
official circles in Washington. After al-
most 7 years of researching he wrote
"American Policy Failures in Cuba,"
with the subtitle "Dagger in the Heart,"
Published by Twin Circle Publishing
Co., 66 Riverside Drive, New York, N.Y.,
10024. This alarming and authoritative
book has been acclaimed as the defmi-
tive account of the Castro era. Not one
of its sensational disclosures has been
challenged.
Previously, the September 1964 issue
of the Reader's Digest had featured an
article by Dr. Lam titled "At Last?The
Truth About the Bay of Pigs." The truth
had been obscured for More than 3 years
because word had gone out unofficially
from the White House blaming the
disaster on the Chiefs of Sittff and the
CIA. The Digest article placed the blame
where it belonged.
Mr. President, Since the address by
Dr. Lazo to the Military Order of the
World Wars on May 11, 1972, should be
of the greatest interest to all Members
of Congress and to the Nation at large,
I ask unanimous consent. that it be
printed in the R?ECORD.
There being no objection, the address
was ordered to be printed in the Iitcortn,
as follows:
U.S. POLICY FAILURES IN CUBA
(Address by Dr. Mario Lazo before the Mili-
tary Order of The World Wars, District of
Columbia Chapter, May 11, 1972)
I appreciate very Much being invited to be
with you today.
It was while searching for the root causes
of the Bay of Pigs debacle that I first became
aware of the invisible, unrecognized struggle
taking place in the United States between
socialists or liberals on the one hand mad
conservatives on the other. This struire,e, I
have became convinced, permeates evvry sec-
tor of American society, the institutions, or-
ganizations of all kinds and the homes. On
its outcome hinges the freedom of the West-
ern World.
? The Bay of Pigs was a struggle that took
place in Washington. The action on the
south coast of Cuba could hate been cut by
a few hours if the Cuban assault brigade had
not fought so heroically. But the invasion
was doomed by Washington decisions before
the first blood had been spilled on the Cuban
beaches.
It was a struggle between liberals-socialist
and conservatives. In between the two groups
was the new and youthful President, who had
never been accused of lacking intelligence or
coureg,e. nut he turned away from the proles-
slonals and :gide(' with his political advfees,
the "New Frontiersmen" who had breath-
lessly invaded Washington three months
earlier.
The essential feature of the invasion plan
was the use of air power. There were to be a
minimum of 3 air strikes from Nicaragua
with .16 bombers in each strike?that is, a
minimum of 45 sorties. These woulci destroy
Castro's 30 planes on the ground before the
assault forces hit the beaches. The location
of each Castro plane WaS under constant sur-
veillance by U.S. reconnaissance. There was
no way that Castro could bide a plane. Here
Is what happened.
The first strike was cut in half, on orders
from the White House. Then the second
strike was cancelled entirely, also on White
House orders. Finally, when it was too late to
call off the invasion, Kennedy also cancelled
the third strike, under pressure from Acilai
Stevenson, Dean Husk and D.TcGeorge Purdy.
Thus the minimum of 4B sorties was reduced
to 5. Yes, from 48 to 8! That last order LORICCI
the doom of the invasion and marked It for
certain disaster.
The Joint Chiefs and the CIA did every-
thing humanly possible to induce the Presi-
dent to countermand these politically moti-
vated rind militarily incredible onlers. But
Kennedy reme hued adamant and the invasion
fleet moved slowly toward catastrophy.
The first strike?really half a strike?de-
stroyed most of Castro's small air force hut
he still had 2 jets, 3 fest Furies and a
couple of 13--26s and they commanded the
skies. The Free Cubans lost half their planes
and pilots the first day. Castro's jets sank
2 of the 5 troop' and supply :hips and the
U.S. commander, from an LCI, ordered the
others away. Although Kennedy knew that
the Cuban brigade had been promised con-
tinuing supplies to the beaches, none were
ever delivered. Without dramatizing the epi-
sode, this is the authentic account of the
most humiliating defeat in the long, bright
history of the United States.
Who were the men who advocated water-
ing down the invasion plan? Here they RTC:
i,IcNamara, Stevenson, Fulbright, Pobert
Kennedy, McGeorge Bundy, Drams Husk, Ar-
thur Schlesinger, Walt liostow, Richard
Goodwin and ?nester Bowles. Liberals or so-
cialists all.
And who were the conservatives, on the
side of the angels? Adm. Aileigh Burke, Gen-
eral Lemnitzer, General Cabeil and Richard
Bissell, Deputy Director of the CIA.
As the reports from the south coast of
Cuba grew grimmer by the hour, these men
made a final, fervent plea for I he only thing
that could still save the invasion?the use
of American power just over the hori%on.
Admiral Burke asked that a detachment of
Marines be permitted to go ashore. This was
denied. He then asked Kennedy to permit
the use of one destroyer, to lay down a bar-
rage on the Castro tanlia approaching the
beachhead over two roads through swamps.
The President asked, "What if Castro returns
the fire and hits the destroyer?" Burke an-
awered emphatically, "Then we'll knock
out of them." But Kennedy said that then
the US would he involved. (The involvement
was supposed to be secret). Burke's answer -
was, "We (tie involved, Sir. God damn it, Mr.
President, we can't let those boys be slaugh-
tered there."
The traditional command structure of tile
United States, as you well know, has always
been one under which the Conunanderein-
Chief sets the objectives and leaves it to the
professionals to conduct the operations. In
this case Kennedy kept is tight tactical con-
trol over the invasion. He rejected the advice
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I ? )
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WASHIEGTON SNP
(
,
,
,
? LA L.
0
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, r
LI Li
By VALTER RUGABER
New York Times News Serv'ee
The accused leader oi? the
Watergate raid admits his role
? in the break-in, but says he
would rather serve a long pris-
on term than implicate others
or disclose, the background of
. the affair. ?
? In a private, two-bour inter-
view. here Friday, Bernard L.
- Barker repeatedly gave the
. impression that there were'
'names to be named and mo-
tives to be cleared up. But he
said it will not be done by him.
/- Barker, a 55-year-old former
employe of the Central Intelli-
gence Agency; was one of five
men captured inside head-
? quarters of the Democratic
National Committee at the
Watergate en Jane 17.
Various persons, including
officials of President Nixon's
? campaign organization, have
been accused by Democrats of
being connected with the raid.
Barker was asked whether he
would take responsibility for
anyone else actually involved.
"Just because I get in trou-
ble, I *don't want nobody else
to get in trouble;" he said. He
added that he had "always
delt with the paramilitary, the
intelligen ecmovement, the
people who live by their
word."
Barker did give some insight
into the operation and an ac-
count of his own background.
He acknowledged outrigli!,
his role in the break-in. "I was
caught in National Democrat
(headquarters) at 2:30 in the
morning," ? he said at one
? point. "I can't deny that."
He praised the three men
from Miami who were arrest-
? ed with him and said he re-
gretted that "those people that
I have motivated under nie"
Were caught with him.
Ile spoke hictly of a one-
time White I edtFor
who has been inked to the
raid, Howard Hunt Jr., say
korl "over known any-
12 SEP 1972 .
indebted to as Howard Hunt.'
lie declined to elaborate.
Barker maintained that he
had little -involvement in poli- ?
tics. "I don't even trust the
politicians, to be quite frank
with you," he said.
He asserted that most Cuban
refugees, including himself,
"believe that an election of
McGovern would be the begin-
ning of a trend that would lead
to socialism and commimism
or whatever you wan tot call
Barker's attorney, Henry B.
Rothblatt of New York, 'vas
present during the interview.
It had been made clear in ad-
vance that certain sensitive
areas could not be discussed.
? Barker said that after his
arrest, but before he could se-
cure release on bail, govern-
ment prosecutors had told him
they would "keep me in that
jail- and (let me) rot in there
until I talked," but he said he
refused.
Barker is an American who
was born in Cuba ard he says
he is a passionte, unrelenting
enemy of Fidel Castro.
Barker suggested that he
tries to behave like the men he
ms to admire 'most: Men ?
he has known in one covert
operation or another over the
years.
? "They're anonymous men,''
he said. "They hate publicity;
they get nervous with it." -
The men who went into the
Watergate offices with him did
so; he suggested, not for mon-
ey; but for "something else":
A cause they considered righ-
teous.
"I've never looked at myself
as a burglar," he remakred at
one point in the interview. "It
is very repulsive to me when I
read the 'alleged burglar' ?
this pines me.
R616414;012001 /06t04d:
not as a burglar. I'm of that
fornration. I have bc'en a po-
lice officer, and I can't con-
7-?'7.74.\
----? '
ri
Fl
1
LA LJ)
ceive of myself as a burglar."
He was asked:
'How is all this going? to .
?turn out for us whodunit read-.
ers and whodunit writers? Are
we going to come to a final
chapter in which it is all re-
vealed and explained?
A. Yes, I have a very good
attorney and I think that he'll
try to get me off as well as
possible.
Q. But getting -you off may
involve never having that last
chapter written.
Rothblatt (laughing). Let me
say this: It probably will be
told but not told directly. It
will be told indirectly.
Barker was born in Havana.
His American father and Cu-
ban mother, who became an
American citizen and who died
in the United States, were di-
vorced, and he was raised by
aunts on a farm near Marial
Bay..
Ile attended Roman Catholic
parochial schools in Cuba, and.
later ?came to live with his
cncther in a suburb of New
York City.
Joins Army
Tie worked in a steel mill in
Baltimore for two years, then
entered the University of Ha-
vana. He was a sophomore
when the Japanese attacked
Pearl Harbor.
He joined the Army Air
Forces and was a bombardier..
On his. 12th flight a fighter
shot down his B-17 and he
bailed out over German terri-
tory. He was imprisoned fOr
16 months. ?
Barker was liberated by the
Russians and he left the Army
late in 1946. He married the
daughter of a Cuban senator,
and his wife's family gave
? them a home.
STAT I NTL
CIA-RDP80-016011300050005000-1-4-
wnritinued
IYASHINGTON POST
Approved For Release 20.0M0'417.2g16KRIT)-
ITCY,r,OrP*Col
0
(2E-E-zolts
A4 .g
CAL
By Jim Mann
and Bob Woodward
wasaingion eon, Staff Wilters
It was exactly 11 weeks
ago today that the story
burst across the front pages
for the first time: five men
arrested in the early morn-
ing hours inside the offices
of the Democratic National
..Committee at the Watergate
Hotel.
Wearing rubber surgical
gloves. Cal rying, burglary
News Analysis
? gear, electronic eavesdrop-
ping equipment, cameras for
photographing documents,
\valkie-talkies, and consecu-
tively numbered SltA) hills.
included among the five, was
the chief security consultant
to the Committee for the
Re-eleetion of the President.
The investigation of the
break-lit took p curious path,
leading, from Washington to
Miami ic; Mexico to Minne-
. spta and elsewhere, involv-
ing everything from foreign
bank accounts and hidden
j? fund stashes to the Bay of
Pigs invasion and the. CIA.
Somewhere along the line,
it becanie known as the
"Watergate Caper"?a
major issue in the 1972 pres-
? idential campaign.
Yet after all the disclo-
sures, publicity and furor of
the past 11 weeks, almost all
the principal questions
raised by the incident re-
main unanswered:
? What were those five
men doing inside the Water-
gate? What was the purpose
. of allegedly bugging and
: collecting information on
the Democrats? And were
they attempting to remove,
not plant, a bug?
a ? What was the extent of
? Involvement of officials of
the Nixon re-election cam-
paign or of the Nixon ad-
ministration?
? What effect will it all ker in the months before
have on the presidential the break-in.
campaign this fall? - Hunt, by most accounts,
was a friend and consultant
to White House. .special
counsel Charles W. Colson
and ? was brought to the
White House on Colson's It was this revelation, six
recommendation, Shortly weeks after the incident it-
after Hunt's name was self, that seemed to give the
linked to the case, he disap- Watergate caper a new,
peered, and according to au- more important twist. The
theritios, 150 FBI agents Democrats', trying to recu-
began a nationwide search perate from the Eagleton af-
for him. It ended when his fair, began to seize on it
Washington attorney told daily.
authorities that limit would
agree to return and? answer
questions.
Adding to the intrigue
was a tidbit of the kind that
began to' come ott.4. every few
days in the ensuing weeks:
Hunt, according to others in
the White House, had spent
months quietly doing re-
search on Sen. Edv.?ard M.
Kennedy (D-Maas.) and his
1969 Chappaquiddick auto-
mobile accinent:
Yet another link to the
Nion campaign Was pro-
vided in late July, when it
was revealed that G. Gordon
Liddy was fired by Mitchell
June 28 for refusing to an-
swer /FBI questions about
the Watergate incident.
(Mitchell himself resigned
two days ? later, asserting
that he wanted to. accede to
his. wife's wishes and return
to private life.)
Liddy, a one-time White.
House aide, was the chief
adviser to the Nixon cam-
paign staff on the new con-
gressional statute requiring
stricter reporting of cam-
paign contributions. In the
1. Purpose aUd, Scope
Ever since the break-in, a
number of theories have
been advanced regarding its
purpose.
First, there was what
might be called the "Cuban
refugee" theory, which as-
sumed that the men ar-
rested inside the Watergate
were members of a fringe
Cuban ? group -perhaps Wor-
ried that the Democrats
might be seeking friendlier
relations with Cuban Pre-
mier Fidel Castro. Among
those advancing this idea in
the days after the break-in
was at least one staff mem-
ber at the White House.
The Cuban theory is
based primarily on the fact
that four of the five men ar-
rested June 17?Bernard
Barker, Prank Sturgis, Eu-
genio Martinez and Virgilio
Gonzales?lived in Miami
and were either Cubans or
had extensive contacts with
Cuban exiles there.
Arguing against the
Cuban theory has been the
accumulai ion of evidence
that members of President
Nixon's own campaign staff,
the Committee for the Re-
election of the President
(CRP), were involved in the
break-in.
The man providing the in-
itial clue to Republican in-
volvement was the fifth perr
son arrested in the break-in,
James W. McCord Jr., a re-
tired CIA employee who
was the chief of security for
the Nixon campaign.
On the day after the ar-
rests, John N. Mitchell, then
the Nixon campaign chair-
man, sought to disassociate
the campaign staff from Mc-
Cord, saying, "He (McCord)
has, as we understand it, a
number of business- clients.
and interests, and we have
no knowledge of these rela-
tions:tips."
?
The next clue was the dis-
Nixon re-election staff was
provided Aug. 1 when it Was
reported that a $25,000
check representing funds
raised for the Nixon cam-
paign was deposited in April
in Barker's hank account.
eyes of some people on the
campaign staff and others
close to the investigation of
the Watergate ? incident,
Liddy was probably the sec-
ond-ranking. policy-maker in
the Nixon fund-raising ef-
fort, next to. finance chair-
man Maurice Starts.
Telephone records of the
Miami home and office of
The check represented a
contribution from Dwayne
Andreas, a Minnesota inves-
tor, who reportedly gave the
S25.000 in cash to Kenneth
H. Dahlberg, the President's
chief fund-raiser in the Mid-
west. Dahlberg said that he
used the cash to obtain a
cashier'S check made out to
himself from a Florida bank,
and that he personally
handed that cheek to Maur-
-ice Stalls, the finance chair-
man for the Nixon cam-
paign.
Stuns later said that he
held the ? check for a few
minutes and then turned it
over to Nixon campaign
treasurer Hugh W. Sloan
Jr., who in turn gave it to
Liddy. No one has explained
the exact details of how the
money ended up in Barker's
bank. account, or how much
of it Barker actually kept.
Sloan resigned from the
Nixon campaign staff over
the summer. ?
It later developed that an-
other $89,000, also deposited
in . Barker's bank account,
represented contributions to
the Nixon campaign that
were raised in the South-
west and were moved
through a Mexico City bank
to insure that the donors:
would remain anonymous.
According to investigators,
this money, like the other
$25,900, passed through the
Washington office of the
Nixon re-election committee.
of these links suggest
Barker (one of the five ar-
covery, two days after the ? strongly that .the alleged
rested men) revealed ? that strongly
that another for- bugging may have been con-
Barker had placed at least
mea CIA employee, E. How coated not by some Cuban
ard Hunt Jr. 15 long-distance calls to the ., who had been exile group,- by at least
Nixon campaign' offices be-
a $100-a-day White House some individuals connected
tween 'March 15 and June
consultant, was listed in ad- with the Nixon campaign
16, most of them to Liddy's
dress books taken from two h staff and the White House
extension there. The records
of the five arrested men.
also showed that Barker had (such as Liddy, Hunt and
.Next to Hunt's name in the McCord). A few. days ago, in
made 29 long-distance calls
address books were the no- fact, a source close to the in-
?, to Hunt's home and offices
tations "W.House? a vestigation reported that
"" ? from Nov. 19 to June 16.
"W.H." It was later deter- Liddy and Hunt were ac-
e How thoroughly and Another link between the
honestly are thAborn de
need ' that Hunt had had
ve ofiReLeaseA2001101704g:atl'Ae-RtiP8Vingsoli5t8e0evgtedate
0 01-4'
lions being conductbe?
? continued
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2 SEP 1972
V I in
Special to the Daily World _
SAN FRANCISCO, Sept. 1 ? Dwayne Andreas, the Midwest "Soy Bean King," who
was linked to the June 17 aborted burglary of Democratic headquarters, is a lcing-time
financial angel of Sen. Hubert Humphrey (D-Minn) and a backer of anti-communist
operations.
poration when it was formed was
These facts, either buried or following interesting dealings the First Interoceanic Corp., of
completely ignored in press ac- between Andreas and the Nixon which Andreas is chairman.
counts. of the break-in, are devel- Administration: First Interoceanic, ?in turn,
oped in an exclusive story in the 0 Last year when a. banking controls 84 percent of the National
. Sept. 2 issue of the ' People's operation Andreas heads sought City Bank of Minneapolis 'where
World, workingclass weekly pub- to. form a new giant financial Andreas and his brother, Lowell
lished here. conglomerate in Minnesota it was Willard Andreas, ? are directors. ?
Andieas tried to keep secret a found they could not do so without First Interoceanic is a wholly
? $25,0015 contribution to the Nixon violating amendments passed in owned subsidiary of Archer-
re-election fund but the , story 1970 to the Bank Holding Act. The Daniels-Midland.
?leaked out after money-in the pos- companies involved sought and. Subtle shuffle
session of one of the arrested got federal approval for an Money dealings at that level of
burglars, Bernard L. Barker; a intricate juggling and hand the capitalist pyramid are pretty
Miami real estate dealer, was changing of millions of dollars in complicated, but. simply stated
traced to the Andreas gift, order to comply with the law. the arrangement Was in violation
Hitherto, Andreas had been a 0 A company Andreas heads of the law. So, with government
Humphrey sugar daddy, aiding. has a suit pending against it, filed approval, the Andreas-Archer-
'the Minnesota senator and many by the Justice , Dept. charging Daniels-Midland Co. had to divest
? of his' political associates through violations of the Sherman Anti- itself of its banking interests.
? the Andreas Foundation. Trust Act. This was done by distributing the
Then how come the shift by 0 The man who received Independent Bancorporation shar.
Ahdreas to the Nixon crowd? Anreas' $25,000 contribution and es to individual Archer-Daniels-
What follows is-from the People's passed it on to the Republicans is Midland shareholders:
World account: a director of the Andreas bank On June 14, 1972 the Internal
. Got bank charter ? fast which is involved in both of the Revenue Service ruled. the above
The hint carried by the Assoc- above dealings. . - maneuvers were all right and the
iated Press Aug. 27 concerned aPending anti-trust suit Company had complied with the
much coveted federal bank char- Andreas is the president of the law.
ter speedily given to Andreas Archer-Daniels-Midland Co., the Kenneth H. Dahlberg, chairman
two weeks ago for his Ridgedaleof the Minnesota Committee to
largest domestic soybean proces-
National Bank in the Minnetonkasor. In September, 1971, the Re-elect President Nixon,. told the
shopping center near Minneap-General Accounting Office that
Justice Dept. filed a civil anti-.
oils. Andreas had called him June '5 and,
trust suit against the company
However, not mentioned in any. offered . the contribution. That'
However, its 1970 acquisition o. f
of the wire service reports at the wbuld make it two days before
'two soybean companies, one in
time of this writing are thee ras a and one in Kansas, new 'laws went into effect which
'
violates the Sherman Anti-
would have made it impossible
Trust Act. The suit is still pending for Andreas to contribute anony-
Taking over the two companies
mously. Dahlberg said he picked
up the money on June 9, as ar-
meant that 'Archer-Daniels- ranged, from a third party in a
Midland could control two-thirds Miami hotel:
? of the Kansas soybean crop and ?
The' news reports so far have
- over 90 percent of the beans not mentioned the fact that
grown and processed inNebraska. Dahlberg is a director of Andreas'
On Oct. 1, 1971, plans were National City Bank.
? announced for formation of the
Independent Bancorporation, a Andreas is known to have Only
holding company. It was envis- recently become the president of
ioned as joining as many as 10 the Sea View Hotel Corp. in the
Minnesota banks and 35 other Miami Beach-Bal Harbour area.
in
sti tulle sja.te.. su.b s id- Following the Dahlberg pickup
Approved For Releupog pat ric&BAteRD ROO 40160 IR00050006000 'Wirt inued.
? STATINTL
nASHING'TON POST
Approved For Release 240pl?lt9/1y2.: CIA-RDP80-
,
F-7Ahe trade of a mercenary?a hired
1 soldier?isn't what it used to be,
according to Joe Maggio.
Mr. Maggio, who's been out of
the business more than seven years
(ever since the war in the Congo be-
tween Joseph Mobuto and Moise
Tshombe), says pessimistically that there
doesn't seem to be much call nowadays
for soldiers of fortune.
"Back in the Congo days you could
walk into the Memling Hotel or the
Purple Cow Bar in Leopoldville and
wind up with a well-paying fighting
job," says Joe with a trace of nostalgia.
"Today it's gotten much tougher."
Maggio says he has done most of his
,own free-lance fighting on behalf of
the CIA which, he claims, has freely
employed mercenaries in the past.
Working on contract as a CIA "adviser,"
he has seen service in the Bay of Pigs
invasion of Cuba,. in Laos, Thailand and
elsewhere. He has just ivritten? a novel
based on his experiences called Com-
pany Man, published by Putnam. The
title alludes to the CIA which, Maggio
says, is known among mercenaries as
"The Conipany." ?
Maggio got his credentials for mer,-
cenary work by serving a three-year
\. ?
STATI NTL
hitch in the Marines after dropping out
of military college.
"People become mercenaries for two
reasons," he explains. "Either they're at-
tracted by the romance of the idea, or
they're trying to get away from some-
thing. With me it was the romance. I
thought the most adventurous life pos-
sible was that of a soldier of fortune."
Photo of .a soldier of fortune: Maggio
ready for jump into Vietnam in 1963.
Maggio claims that he doesn't'shari
the feeling of many mercenaries that it
doesn't matter whom you're fighting
for as long as the pay is .good. "Some
mercenaries have a mentality that say-.
'For $500 I'll kill this guy.' I never felt
like that. My idea was to be on the right
side. Like in the Bay of Pigs, we thought
we were right. We also never doubted
that we'd win, with the whole weight
of the U.S. supposedly behind us."
Maggio, a 34-year-'old native of At-
lantic City, N.J., who now makes his
home on a schooner in Nassau, says
that the best mercenary force in the
world still is the fabled French Foreign
Legion, which numbers around 13000
Approved For Releaspa24014)
men and is stationed mostly in Southern
3m4 1-ciixeRiapeow1
claims, make _particularly good mer-
cena ries..
Pay is goad
For most mercenaries, he admits, the
big attraction still is the money. "A free-
lance infantryman makes up to -1200 a
Month," he says, "and a pilot as much
as $2600. That's tax-free, of course--
you ..don't get W-2 forms when you're
a mercenary. And you also 'keep all you
can steal.;'
Maggio says that the quality of mer-
cenaries isn't as high as it used to be.
"There were about 3000 soldiers and
500 officers in the Congo," he recalls.
"The officers were pretty good material
but there were plenty of alcoholics,?
deviates and bums among the troops:
I saw some gOys there that were in the
Bay of Pigs operation, too."
Maggio ascribes the current lack of
mercenary opportunities to a.UN crack-
down on hired armies following events
in the Congo. But despite the present
lack of openings, Maggio says there Still
are plenty of would-be mercenaries
ready._ for action. However, he can't
recommend it as a, likely career, espe-
cially for youngsters ready to run away
from home in search of adventure.
Experience.necef;sary
"You really ,have to have a good
background_ as a soldier and the papers
to prove it," he says. "There's an office
in Paris that keeps a kind of register of
available mercenaries. I don't know just
where it's located right now, but if I
went over there to the neighborhood of
the Boulevard St.-Michel and the Rue
St.-Jacques I could find it in no time.
You can go there and apply, but they
Want credentials on your military rec-
ord?they're interested only in true .
professionals. If they do get you a job,
.they keep 30 percent of your pay for
six months.
"But there just doesn't seem to be
any market for mercenaries any more. ,
The profession is dying out. I can see
why, but it's too bad foi a lot of guy;
who were men left behind by time and
, could only find themselves in this kind
of life.1 know that there are lots of peo-
ple who'll say 'good riddance,' but for
me there's a kind of sadness in it, too."
. -sr
.K.
PARADE ? AUGUST 27, 1972
STATliNTL
601R000500050001-4
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GARDEN CITY, N.Y.
NEWSDAY
AUG 27 1972'
E ? 427,270
22
By Torn Renner
New York Cosa Nostra .leaders are
considering a proposal to reenter the
international narcotics traffic to in- ,
crease income. for restless and money-
hungry young Turks of the mob and to
take drugs out of the suburbs and con-
fine .them to the ghettos, a federal ?
source said yesterday.
The question' of whether the New
York-New Jersey crime families
should get back into the business of
wholesaling heroin and cocaine, ?the
federal source said, was discussed at an
Aug. 12 meeting of the Cosa Nostra
Commisson on Staten Island. The
saane subject, the source said, also was
discussed at a meeting of crime family
cOnsigliers (advisers) in the New York
area last_ week.
'
. Sinee shortly after the jailing of the
late crime boss Vito Genovese and
Bonanno *underboss Carmine (Lillo)
Galente for narcotics conspiracy in
early 1960, the five New York crime
families and a majority of the 27
crime families across the country have
had a firm rule against its members'
dealing in narcotics. The rule was in-
voked because of federal narcotics laws
that had resulted in long jail terms for
those convicted of dealing in narcotics.
The decision to get out of the traffic
did not stem from. any moral concern
for those who bought heroin tot from
a fear by the bosses that those arrested
i dealing narcotics might turn informer
l to lighten their jail terms. Informers,
in turn, would endanger the structure
of Cosa Nostra, its captains and its ,
bosses, by talking about rTher criminal
activities.
Before the narcotics ban, mentioned
a tin 1953 by mob informer Joseph
-i .Valachi, the three major New York
. families dealing in drugs were those of .
*
Bonanno, Lucpy
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I
q./
did not handle them at all. Narcotics
were sold mainly in ghettos to blacks.
When the ban was imposed after Gene-
vase's jailing; blacks and Puerto Ricans
rushed into the vacuum. By ethe mid
'60s, after a massive inflior of Cubans
,to the area, that -ethnic group cornered
the New York market, with a para-
military organization.
Recently, younger members of the
-Cosa Nostra for the quick,
large profits, have agitated for reentry
into the trade. So far .they have been
held in check, at. timeg violently.
But the uotside profit has remained
.
a temptation. _
"The question of reentering the nar-
cotics trade was proposed by the
.Natale Evola crime - family," the
source said. "Their history as the old
Joseph Bonanno family was steeped in
narcotic; deals. They had the lines of
communication from the U.S. to Can-
ada to Franco through their Canadian
members." The Canadian branch of
the family, he said, now is 'a separate
crime family controlled by Guiseppe
Cotroni, identified before congressional
investigating committees as :a promin-
ent narcotics trafficker.
The federal source said no firm de-
cision was reached at the commission
or at the consigliere meeting. "What is
amazing was their ?reasoning for re-
entering the .dope traffic," he said. A-
side from the profit motive, "hey felt
that they would be doing a service to
the country. They said that narcotics
had become a widespread, national
problem only after Cosa Nostra got
out of the business. They had kept it
ly.."
ye?
?
in-the ghettos; now it's in- the suburbs
because of other groups,. including the
blacks and Cubans who are the princi-
pal distributors and sellers."
The source said that coinmission.
'members from. New York wanted to
meet with Santo Trafficante of
Florida, because they believed he had
? close contacts with a criminal gthup
-known as the Corsicans, a Mafia-style
organization that was formed on the
Isle of Corsica and was known as
"Unione Corsa." The Federal Bureau
of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs and
the U.S..State Department have said
the Corsicans were the principal
wholesalerg and smugglers of heroin in
EuroPe. A recent State. Department
survey said the Corsicans were an
"ethnic group above all others that has
controlled t h e heroin traffic . in
France." investigators have found that
?piton shipped from Turkey, the
largest source of raw opium, is
smuggled into France for processing.
West Germany also was cited as a
major storage depot for stocks of
smUggled oPium and morphine.
The federal source said that between
1961 and 196'3, Trafficard* and his or-
ganization were in financial trouble.
He. said that in 1969, Trafficante made
a trip to Hong Kong and then sent a
courier _to Saigon for a meeting with
Corsican representatives: He said the
Corsicans, in addition to their other
involvement with drugs, were primari-
ly responsible for supplying heroin to
U.S. troops in Vietnam. The source
said Trafficante then made -a. secret
trip to Saigon to Meet With Corsican
representatives. The meeting, he said,
STATINTL
Gambino family ealt very sparingly
in drugs and New England families .
continued
BOST MASS.-
AgE69meONt1 For Releast 001/03/04 : CIA4RpP8
AUG 2 01972 ?
237,967
S ? 566,377
NEW FIcTION SHELF- 7
STATI NTL
By. Robert A. McLean
Globe Staff
fact and fancy -
COMPANY MAN, by
Joe Maoio. G. P. Putnam's
? -Sons, 222 pp., $6.95.
Fictionalized exposes df
America's secret agencies;
like the Central Intelli-
gence 'Agency here, usually
ring true in places and
smack of melodrama in
others.
But, spine will say, much
of what the CA reportedly
1/4/ does . sounds more like a
Class B spy thriller in the
'first place, so why not
relax and enjoy yourself.
Ex-CIA mercenary Mag-
gio has some fine moments
'as he follows Company
Man Nick Martin from his
? recruitment into the CIA's
Special Operations Divi-
sion (SOD) through a deg- _
ade of undercover assign-
ments in Cuba, Vietnam--
and the, Congo and to. nis
? ultimate and abrupt sepa-
ration from the agency.
The Martin adventures
? the Bay of Pigs, Tonkin'
Gulf, and Cambodia ?
sound more like actual
CIA operations; they are ,
that slam-bang and wild. :
And his defection to the
Congolese mercenary forces
again sounds as if it may
have. happened to someOne,
perhaps with not as much
blood, sweat and gore as
Martin's retirement,-but in
some similar fashion:
Maggio obviously has a
deep . gripe against the
Company, and he happ.ily
expounds on it, as any dis-
gruntled 'Company Man, at
every opportunity. But at
the same time he dashes
off. some.. fair-to-middling-
adventure , /prose, , with
'enough cutting and thrust- ?
?ing, bombing and blasting,.
to satisfy any devotee of
violence,
When you' fall out of
favor in the Company,
they don't fire you; they
fire at you. Ex-Marine and
" former Green Beret Martin
is accustomed to tbe hard
life, but he decides to quit .
after he disobeys orders to
rescue South Vietnamese
, partisans, and the Compa-
ny reassigns him to an
"expendable" role in the
trigger-happy Congo.
Maggio's detailed de-
scription of. the CIA's se-
cret training academy in
? Virginia, Where Martin
? learns his new trade, is
perhaps the most-interest-
ing sectiOn of the, novel. It
. sounds like Maggio might
have been through the
ArfpfdikiiIsF16r Release 2001/03/04 : CIA-RDP80-01601R000500050001-4
/
v
STATI NTL
?
t,? 'PARADE
Approved For ReiisalisirM1A13/04 : CIA-RDP80-01
20 AUG 1972
m..?/LLi
rn rti
SAN CLEMENTE, CALIF.
pith the exception of the President,
no one in the Nixon Administra-
I lion has been more publicized
id than Hpnry Kissinser, Nixon's
National Security Affairs adviser.
Yet Kissinger does not work alone.
He heads a Staff of 110 including mes-
sengers, secretaries, researchers, and
braintrusters, all self-effacing, hard-
working men and women, none of them
known to the public.
Of late, however, one of Dr. Kissin-
ger's loyal and intrepid band of devoted
slaves has begun to surface.
? Mark his name carefully: Maj. Gen.
Alexander Meigs Haig Jr.
At 47,.AI Haig is tall, blue-eyed, and
more handsome and sex-appealing
than secret agent Kissinger whose
: deputy he is.
- Soft-speaking and tactful, subtly am- .
? bitious with just the right amount of
ruthlessness, Al Haig is second in corn-
:, mand at National SecurityAffairs. He is
Henry's "mite recite hand" (good right
hand).
?
Checks on Vietnam
It is he who holds together the dedi-
cated "low profiles" who work for Kis-
singer while Henry cavorts in strange
and foreign lands. It is through him that
the, mountain of position papers on
Vietnam, the Middle East, the Soviet.
?
?
itiLl"?L')
by Lloyd Shearer
Union, South Africa, and act infinitum. is
funneled. And it is he, Ntid thou t fanfare
or publicity, who wings off to Vietnam
every six months or so, to assess first-
hand for the Rresident how things are
really going.
Last month Haig returned directly to
San Clemerite from his eighth trip to
Southeast Asia and briefed the Pres-
ident on conditions in Vietnam and
Cambodia. He was then trotted out
on a non-attribution basis to the press,
which described him as "an uniden-
tified, high-ranking source."
Although Al Haig has spent the past
27 years in the Army, "my entire adult
life," he neither looks nor behaves like
a military prototype. He is not obdu-
rate or parochial. There is no rigidity to
his mind, which is open and inquiring.
or to his speech, which is academic and
articulate.
Haig Could very well be faken for a
college professor or a diplomat, which
in a sense he is. For diplomacy is cer:-
tainly a requisite in getting on with
taskmaster Kissinger whose tolerance ?
quotient is low and personnel turnover
high. ?
Last month when Henry .invited Haig.
to the swank Bistro restaurant, one of
Kissinger's favorite restaurants in Bev-
erly Hills, along with actres's Sally'Kel-
lerman, Soviet Ambassador .Anatoli
Dobrynin,,and a flock of screen colony
Republican fat-cats, several waiters mis-
took Haig-,--heaven help him, for an
actor,
STATI NTL
Probabie inheritor
: Should anything happen to ?Henry,
like being appointed Secretary of State,
or being incapacitated by one of his ?
? scorned girlfriends, Haig most probably
would inherit Kissinger's job.
Although philosophically Kissinger
and Haig see eye to eye?both are con-
? servatives-??Haig as foreign affairs ad-
viser to the President, would certainly
avoid the spotlight Kissinger, by his na-
ture, attracts.
To begin with, Haig is a happily-mar-
ried,-chuichgoing Roman Catholic.
Son of a lawyer, he was born in Phila-
delphia, attended parochial grade
school in Cynwyd on the Main Line,
moved up to St. Joseph's Prep and
studied two years at Notre Dame before
his appointment to West Point came
through in 1944.
His brother, a priest, is president of
Wheeling College in West Virginia, and
his sister,. Regina Meredith, an attorney
in Pennington, N.J.
Like many young men, Al. Haig set
? his eye on a service academy appoint-
ment because it was a financial neces-
sity. "My father died when I was 10,"
he explains, "and I had pretty much to
fend for myself in terms of economics.
I had newspaper routes, worked for the
Rost Office, the Atlantic Refining Com-
pany. I even worked as a floorwalker in
the ladies' department of John Wana-
maker's (a well-known department store
in Philadelphia) to support myself."
- ?
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BALIIMORE N
fames iftpliti6pediFickRel ease 2001/10,?/RIG:i kiSPkgb1
-Havana suspected. in the Wteigate break.in
?
Scrabble, Va. States. It?would make sense Yalu'. He sees glorious vi- waiting time begins. It ends
We had as our guest one to suppose that if the United sions of a headline in the. on June 17." .
,
? night last week a gentleman, States could reverse its poi- Evening Star: 'Communist Our guest studied his glow-
now retired, who had spent . icy toward China, the U.S. Dollars Back Democratic ing cigar. Over on Ilvd Oak
his life in intelligence work. could reverse its policy to- Campaign.'. Then C sends a Mountain, the hounds of the
The after-dinner conversa- ward Cuba. cryptic note up the line night hunters suddenly fal-
i
tion turned to the Watergate "But not under Nixon. The through the Nixon commit-
tered and their cries sub-
caper. Our guest had a few President, if I am not mis- tee. For $25,000, he hints, we sided.
speculations to. offer. I pass taken, remains absolutely might buy something, worth
"I doubt that the job was
a million. Trust me, he says. as bungled as they say. I
.
them along. frosty toward Castro. He has The top people?John Mitch- suspect it was blown, proba-
.
By ? way of background: made not the slightest ges- ell and Maurice Stans?never bly by a double agent." We
This bizarre affair broke into lure toward a Cuban rap- are told anything.. The ro- sat in silence for a while.
the news in the early hours Prochement, but Havana mantics down below are kept "Smart fox," said our guest.
of June 17, when five
might well suppose that the almost as much in the dark: "He knew when to take
were caught red-handed in Democrats, if they could put ' But the money changes cover. That's all for to-
the then
offices of the Democratic their man in the White
hands in late April and the night."
.
:
National Committee, located House, would take a. more
i
? in the plush Watergate flolble view. 1
? apartment complex in Wash- "So let us suppose, to be ,
ington. Their Mission, by supposing, that a decision is ,
' every indication; was politi- made in Havana, at the high- 1
cal espionage. est levels of the Castro go'-
Four of the five men had crnment, secretly to feel out 1
? backgrounds in Miami, .- the Democrats on this score. j
. i where they were identified This is maybe early' March. !
- with the Free Cuba, anti- The idea is to send an i
.. James W. McCord, Jr., now emissary to the Democratic
National Committee, rather
than to any one of the candi-
1
_ ..was a former CIA employee, Castro movement. The fifth
a private r onsultant on secu- dates, with a nice proposi- j
rity , procedures. When it tion: lithe party would take 11
.transpired that Mr. McCord a sympathetic view toward
'numbered among his clients
both the Committee for the
Re-election ? of the President
and the Republican National
Committee,. the affair be-
came the talk oi our town.
And -much later, when the
story broke that a $25.000
cashier's check, payable to
the Nixon committee, had
found its way to the bank
account of one of the four
'Miami- suspects, the \Vater-
fgate caper turned into a po-
litical time bomb.
"I am out of the game,"
'said our gut. "I know noth-
ing more than I have read in
; the papers. My own assign-
ments never involved Cuba,
I but My guess, all the same,
: is that the key AO the Water-
gate incident is 'not in Miami tilt:committee offices without
: or in Washington, but in Ha- raising the least alarm. In
vana." time they learn when he's
coming?say, on June 19. But
: ?We Were sitting out on the early 'on, they begin to think
' deck, listening to the night .in terms of a deal of their
, noises?an owl, a whippoor- own.
will, a pack of hounds on the "The Miami people get in
trail of a fox. A soft breeze touch with their old CIA con-
rippled the smoke of, our tacts in Washington?con-
guest's cigar. tacts kept alive since the
' "Suppose," he said, "just Bay of Pigs. Would the- Be-
lo be suilsag that gie nllhlir2nS be interested in ex-
Castro g
normalizing relations with
Cuba, well, Cuba would take
a sympathetic view of the
Democrats' urgent need far
campaign contributions. The
proposition might not be put
so bluntly, but the offer
would be unmistakable:
Money. Big money."
He paused for a moment,
intent on the hounds giving
- chase. "Now suppose," he
went on, "to be supposing,
that the Free Cuba people in
"Miami get .wind of the thing.
We have to assume they
maintain an excellent intelli-
gence apparatus in Havana.
Eventually they find out who
the emissary will be?proba-
bly a Washington or New
York lawyer who could visit
ott
OVACie pr e easec200)1103/04
interested in normalizing re- Havana? A talks to B, and B
lations with the - United talks to C, aid ? C is capti-
. ? .
STATINTL
: CIA-RDP80-01601R000500050001-4
Approved For ReleastaRgail04T:AFIA-RDP80-016
7 'AUG 1972
JAMES J. K/LPATRICK
.?,1
SCra ll WOOS on (A 1,,nK, vy a.t.einat:
STATI NTL
? SCRABBLE, Va. ? We had
as our guest one night last
week? a gentleman, now
retired, who had spent
:his life in intelligence work.
The after-dinner conversation
turned to the Watergate caper.
. vur guest had a few 'specula-
- (ions 'to offer. I pass them
along.
By the Way of background:
eThis bizarre affair broke into
the news in the early hours of
June 17, when five men were
caught red-handed in the of-
fices of the 'Democratic Na-
tional Committee, located in
. the plush Watergate apart-
ment complex in Washington.
:Their mission, by every indi-
cation, 'was political espion-
age.
? - Four of the five men had
backgroundsin Miami, where
they were identified with the
-Free Cuba, witi-Castro .move-
/ ment. The fifth was a for-
- Iner CIA employe, James W.
_McCord -Jr., now a private
consultant on security proce-
dures.
When it transpired that Mc-
Cord numbered among his
clients ,both the Committee
. for the, Re-election of the
? -President ahd the Republican
Rational Committee, the affair? ?
became the talk .of our town.
And much later, when the
story broke that , a $25,000
cashier's check, payable to the
Nixon committee, had found
its way to the hank account of
one of the foue :\Ilami -sus-
pects, the Watergate Caper
turned into a political time
bomb.
'I am out of the game,"
said our guest. "I know noth-
ing more than I have read in
the papers. My own assign-
ments never involved Cuba,
but my guess, all the same, is
that the key to the Watergate
incident is not in Miami or in
Washington, but in Havana."'
We were sitting, out on the
deck, listening to the night
noises?an owl, a whippoor-
will, a pack of hounds on the
trail of a fox. A soft breeze
rippled the smoke of. our
guest's cigar.
"Suppose," he said, "just
to be suppesing, that the Cas-
tro government is keenly in-
terested in normalizing rela-
tions with the United States.
It would make sense to stai'-'
pose that if the United States
could reverse its policy to-
ward China, the United States
could reverse its policy toward
Cuba.
"But not under Nixon.
The President, if I am not
Mistaken, .remains absolutely -
frosty' toward Castro. He has
made not the. slightest ges-
ture toward a Cuban rap-
prochement, but Havana might
well suppose that the Demo-
crats, if they could put their
man in ? the White House,
would take- a more flexible
view.
"So let us suppose, to he
supposing, that a decision is
made in Havana, at the high-
est levels- of the Castro gov-
ernment, secretly to feel out '
'the Democrats on this score.
This is maybe early- March.
The idea is to send an .emis-
sary to the Democratic Na-
tional Committee, rather than.
to any one of the candidates,
with a nice proposition: If the
party would take a sympathe-
tic view, toward normalizing
relations with Cuba, well Cuba
would take a sympathetic view
of ,the.Derpocrats' urgent need
for campaign contributions.
The proposition might not be
put so bluntly, but the offer
would be unmistakable. Mon-
ey. Big money." -
He paused for a ? moment,
intent on the hounds giving
chase. "Now suppose" he
went on, "to be supposing,
? that the Free Cuba people in
Miami get wind of the 'thing.
a t3S7 ?
We have to assume they
maintain an excellent iatelli-
g,ence apparatus in Havana.
Eventually they find out who
the emissary will be?prob-
ably a Washington' or New
York isit
ecolnalviyiettleewobtoliececs411?(NlitNhout'
raising the least alarm. in ?
time they learn when he's ?
coming?say, on June O. I;11
early on, they begin to thi
in terms of a deal of their
Own.
"The Miami peeple get in ,
touch with their old CIA con- r
tads in Washington? con- ?
tacts kept alive since the Bay
of Pigs. Would the Repehli-
cans be interested in eagns-
ing a ? secret offer from lia-
vana? A talks to B. and 11
talks to C, and C is capti-
vated.
"He sees glorious visions of
a headline in The Evening
Star: 'Communist Holies
Back Democratic Cameaien.'
Then C sends a cryptic. note
up the line through the Nixon
committee. For $23,00, he
hints, we might buy some-
thing worth a million. Trust
me; he says. The top peeple
?JOhn Mitchell and Maur,ce
Stans?never are teld- any-
thing. The romantics .down
below are kept almost as
much in the dark. But the
, money changes hands in late
April and the waiting time be- -
gins. It ends on June 17."
Our guest studied his glow-
ing cigar. Over on Red ()alt.
Mountain, the hounds of the
night hunters suddenly fal-
tered and their cries subsided.
"I doubt that the job was
as bungled as they say. I,
suspect it was blown, prob-
ably by a double agent." We
,sat in silence for a while.
"Smart fox," said our guest.
"He knew when. to take' coy-
? et:That's all for tonight."
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. Approved For ReleaseLgoolfont : CIA FTEE p-M$0-01
11-17 August 1972 -. ,
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Ti-
ART KUNI(IN
Less lhan two weeks before the
opening.of the Republican National
Corweotibn, a press conference held
.at the Los Angeles Press Club heard
woman speaker say that the .five
me.n caught wiretapping the
Democratic Party National Commit-
tee- headquarters in Washington's
Watergate Hotel were not only in-
volved in. the Central Intelligence
Agency, the Bay of Pigs, invasion,
and.' President Kennedy's
assassination but also with plans
first revealed last year by Los
Angeles Police informer Louis Tack-
'wood to disrupt the Republican
National Convention. (See the Los
Angeles Free Press, October 22,
1971.)
These Charges were made by Mae
Bruseell, a well. known private in-
Vestigator into American political
assassinations ion the past nine
years. She was accompanied by
Michael McCarthy 'of the Citizens
'ResearCh Investigation Committee..
one of the CRIC investigators who
origirmlly. checked 'out Tackwood's
charges, and Paul Krassner, editor
of The Realist. The current issue of
The Realist (August, 1972) contains a
20-page article by Ms. Brussels
Which was distributed to the
newsmen at the press conference as
the basis for Ms. Brussels asser-.
lions. -
According to Itits. Brussel! the
Watergate Hotel, located in
Washington, D.C., was the home of
John and Martha Mitchell at the time
of the attempted wiretapping of the
Democratie Party _National Commit-
tee. John Mitchell, former Attorney
General of the United States, had
shortly before resigned that
prestigious position to head the irn-
Portant Committee to Re-Elect the
President.
?
?
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ii
Also housed in the Watergate
Hotel complex are the offices of the
Democratic National Committee.
In the early morning hours of June
17, 1972, five men were arrested
removing parts 'of the ceilpg. from
.the sixth floor 'panels in the'
Democratic National Headquarters.
These men possessed expensive
electronic equipment, cameras.'
walkie-talkies. burglary tools, and
other James Bond aeceSsories.
Two of the men, arrested had in
their posession telephone num-
ber of Howerd Hunt White Houeet7
? consuitant who had wevicusly work-
ed With the CIA for 21 years.
James McCord, Jr.. employed as/
Chief of Security for Mitchell's Com-
mittee to Re-Elect Richard Nixon, ?
was one of the? five men arrested.
McCord was formerly employed by
the CIA for nineteen years, having
left two years' .previously at ap-
proximately the same time as Hunt.
McCord's position with the CIA was
thief of Security over the entire
groimds of the immerie corn-
. .
pound at Langley, Virginib. Accord-
ing to Mae Brussell, this Put McCord
in a very high, responsible position
in relation to.CIA Director Helms
who could not conceivably carry out
any ? II' ,planning without,
relying On McCord to ensure that
CIA plans were kept secret.
Nine persons (all registered with
false names suspiciously similar to
names used in novels written by
HoWard Hunt) stayed at the
)Alatergate. Hotel May 26 to 29, and
'again June 17 and 18. Five of them,
the night of their arrest, were
discovered in the Democratic Party
. ?
, r.-:?1 re?-??
? -
?\?'-k
. . ? ,
According 'to Don Freed' of CRIC
(who was not at the press con-
ference but submitted ?. additional
material to the Free press), within
six weeks of the first arrests it was'
known that at least 12 men and
91.14,000 were involved, and that the
invaders were discovered putting.
forged documents of some kind into
files, not taking papers. oui. They
were not burglars, they were not
functioning with a "bugging" budget
.or with the numbers usually
associated with mere -wiretapping.
(We must. caution, however, that
the Free Press .bas no means at
present of' independently verifying
facts such as documents being
planted instead of being removed,
and that Don Freed, evidently, bases
much of his information on a
collation from such sources as the
Washington Post, which has
.published carefully documented .ar-
ticles on the 'raid. Freed has ale?
made investigative trips to'
Washington, D.C.).
Following the raid, a million dollar
suit was fi,led by the Democrats
against the Committee for the Re-
Election of the President for corn-
pensatory and punitive damages to
the Democratic headquarters. The
Nixon Committee then asked a U.S.
District. Court to postpone the suit
'until after 'the November 7th eleo-
tion. To hear the suit before the
election, the CoMmittee said,' coulal
deter campaign workers and con-
tributions, force disclosure of con-
fidential information and otherwise
Cause "incalculable damage" to
President Nixon's camppign.
?
, STATINTL
Approved ForiVeast100110r4i'MA-RDP80-01601.R000500050001-4.
Is notice pieces o scotch,
?
? over the door locks. Washington
police arrived and maele the arrests
- -8-orrt Irma&
Approved For Releasei2LiAVIbijijill: CIA-RDP80-0
As every loyal McGovernite
knows, a ton of bricks weighs
more than a shoe. He knows
because he has seen the ton of
bricks fall on the Democratic
ticket, as originally constituted, in
a manner that would do credit to
a novel by Allen Drury - or
_ Fletcher Knebel.- Yet out of the
debris has emerged the Mc-
Govern-Shriver ticket -plus a
strong conviction among Demo-
crats that the worst must be over,
that the ton of bricks has fallen,
and election day is still a blessed.
three -months in the future.
All of which should arouse com-
passion in kind hearts for the
hapless Nixonite. He ? believes,- he
. suspects, he even knows by all the
logic of third-grade arithmetic,
that a ton of bricks weighs more
than a shoe. But dark and linger-
- . ing doubts persist because the ton
of bricks has already dropped on
? the Democrats with a very ptiblic
thud but the shoe keeps dangling,
Antalizingly, in the shadows, its
weight and velocity and point of
inmact still unk.nown. ?
? . ? ?
The dangling Republican shoe in
-question has become known fat
anti wide as. .the "Watergate
Caper." It started when five men
carrying electronic bugging. and
camera copying equipment were
arrested in the middle of a June
' night at the Democratic National
lammittee headquarters in Wash-
. The Watergate Cape
By JOSEPH R. L. STERNE
Ington's plush Watergate apart-
ment complex. Cynics who doubt
there is such a thing as a secret in
the Democratic party could not
help wondering just what the in-
truders were up to and who had
financed them with how much
money and from what source.
? ? ?
As is befitting any good political
whodunit, the answers to these
basic questions are being withheld
as the drama mounts. But we do
have an accumulation of intriguing
evidence as the plot reaches
higher and higher and higher into
the upper levels of the Nixon
administration.
We now know: (a) that all five
intruders had past connections
with the Central Intelligence
Agency and the abortive Bay of
Pigs invasion of Cuba; (b) that
one of. them. John W. McCord, Jr.,
was the former security coordina-
tor for the Committee for the
Re-election of the President; (ci.
that two intruders had notebooks
bearing the name of E. Howard
Hunt, a White house part-time
consultant and former CIA agent
who has been unavailable for
grand jury testimony; (d) that
825,000 deposited and later with-
drawn from the Miami bank ac-
count of the alleged leader of the
intruders, one Bernard Barker, had
been raised by the Republican
finance chairman for the Midwest
.who, in turn, had given this money
?
STATI NTL
I fill _fill _fill
to no less than Maurice Stens,
former Secretary of 'Commerce
and Mr. Nixon's national finance
chairman,. who, in turn, reportedly
passed it to Hugh W. Sloan, Jr.,
former treasurer of the finance
committee of the Committee for
the Re-election of the President,
who resigned July 14 after refus-
ing to answer questions from the
Federal Bureau of Investigation;
(e) that another $89,000 went into
Barker's account via a Mexican
bank, a method that arouses suspi-
cions that someone was trying to
hide the source of these funds; )
that Barker had made several
telephone calls to G. Cordon
' Liddy, an attorney for the Com-
mittee for the Re-election of the
President Who was fired June 28
after he spurned an FBI interroga-
tion; (g) that John Mitchell, for-
sfrner Attorney General, resigned as
the President's campaign manager
three days later, ostensibly be-
cause-his wife Martha had insisted
he resume private life or she
would leave him.
? ? ?
1/ No doubt more clues will come
to the surface, despite the best
coverup efforts of the Republicans:
The General Accounting Office, a
watchdog agency ofthe Congress,
is asking whether the GOP cam-
paign funds were diverted for the
financing of the Watergate Caper
and if the Republicans have vio-
lated a strict new law requiring
public disclosure of all contribu-
tors after April 7, 1972. The FBI
and a Federal grand jury are
investigating the break-in attempt
at the Wateegate to determine if
there are grounds for criminal
indictments. Senator William
Proximire is demanding that a
special prosecutor without political
connections be named to the case
because the Justice Department
cannot be expected to pursue the
case and defend government fig-
ures at the same time. Finally,
the Democrats are pushing. a $1
million CiVii damage suit despite
GOP attempts to postpone litiga-
tion until after election day on the
ground that this could cause "in-
calculable" harm ? to the Nixon
campaign.
? ? ?
It is reasonable to assume that
the President's well-financed,
smoothly .running campaign far a
second term may indeed be
harmed by the NVatergate Caper.
The case, despite its entertaining
qualities, raises serious quesiions
about the methods used by some
of the President's associates and
the commitment of the administra-
tion itself to the spirit as well PS
the letter of the new campaien-ti-
Dancing law that hears Mr. Nix-
on's signature. Although the shoe
may bounce on a few skulls, it
would be better for the country
and perhaps less painful to the
GOP to let it drop than to keep it
dangling until' election day.
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Approved For ReleasAMIA/Q4s:ICIA-RDP80-0
8 AUG 1972
Cuba
STATI NTL
No Signs of
Drift-
Back to Free E
Reuter
HAVANA ? Socialist
Cuba appears to be in for a
period of ideological consoli-
dation ? while remaining as
far ? as ever from an rap-
prochement with the United
States.
Thirteen years after Fidel
Castro's revolution there
are no signs of a weakening
of the power structure or of
a drift back to the free-en-
terprise system.
Some observers see the
Castro regime's present in-
sistence on ideological pu-
rity as reflecting a fear of
"deviationism" or "reform-
ism" which might under-
mine a socialist regime from
within, as events in Cze-
choslovakia in 1968 are held
to have done.
Certainly if there are
fears, they are not of mili-
tary aggression from the
United States?still less
from Culaan exile groups in
Florida. That threat was dis-
posed of in the unsuccessful
Bay of Pigs invasion staged
by the exiles with CIA back-
ing in April. 1961.
Firm Ideology
Now the emphasis has
shifted from military readi-
ness?Cuba has one of the
strongest armies in Latin
America?to the need for a
firmer national ideology.
This is one of the main
conclusions that Castro
seems to have brought back
from his two-month tour of
several African and East Eu-
ropean countries, which
ended on. July 0. His find-
ings were endorsed in a dec-
laration by the Cuban Com-
munist Party's Central Com-
mittee, meeting for the first
time since 1968.
The declaration supported
Castro's view that a success-
ful struggle against imperi-
alism must be linked with
"a sustained ideological bat-
tle against chauvinistic, re-
formist, revisonist, oppor-
tunist and neutralist 'posi-
tions as well as against
bourgeois liberalism."
Cuban Demands
As regards the United
States. the Central Commit-
tee's ' declaration said: "An
improvement of relations is
not possible as long as U.S.
policy remains dominated
by ideas of supremacy and
of an international reaction-
ary police force directed
against Cuba and other
Latin American countries."
Castro went even further
in a nationwide address on
July 26, Cuba's national day.
He said Cuba was ready to
remain 5, 10, 20 or 30 years
without relations with the
United States.
,e1. a ,rise
Cuba limited itself to un-
conditionally demanding
U.S. withdrawal from the
Guantanamo naval base in
eastern Cuba, the end of the
U.S. economic embargo, and
the end of support for exile
activity against Cuba.
Mutual relations could not
improve while the United
States assumed the right to
interfere in any Latin Amer-
ican country, because Cuba
represented a standpoint of
principle in the continent,
Castro said. -
He added that no eco-
nomic advantage could
tempi. Cuba since in any
case the island no longer de-
pended on U.S. trade.
-Our future is assured
without United States help,"
he declared.
Castro described Presi-
dent Nixon as a worse crimi-
nal than Adolf Hitler, and
warned Washington not to
underestimate the Soviet
Union's support for 'Viet-
nam.
Mrs. Binh
Present with him on the
platform in Havana's Revo-
lution Square was Mrs. Ngu-
yen Thi Binh, chief Vietcong
negotiator at the Paris
peace talks.
A large section of Castro's
address was devoted to
praising the Soviet Union,
with whom Cuba's relations
had long been cool after
Moscow backed down in the
1962 missile crisis. Castro
said he looked forward to
strong bonds between the
Soviet Union and a united -
Latin America.
"Our future fatherland is
Latin America," he went on,
but he pointed out that
Latin America wOuld- first
have to make a social and
anti-imperialist revolution,
which could take many
years.
In the meantime, Cuba
would link up economically
with the socialist camp he
said, referring to Cuba's ad-
mission this month into Co-
mecon, the East European
trading organization.
His speech named five
Latin American countries as
friendly or progressive ?
Peru,. Chile, Panama, Mex-
ico and neighboring Ja-
maica. Peru has just re-
sumed diplomatic relations
with Havana, and Mexico
never broke off relations
when other Latin countries
Jamaica, which maintains
consular relations with
Cuba, has been considering
full diplomatic relations.
Chile's leftist government
has recognized Cuba, .and
the nationalist Panamanian
regime has recently been
warming up to the Castro
government.
Economic Front
Domestically, austerity
continues for the 8.600,000.
Cubans, but most industries
have reported increased pro-
duction:
However, the key sugar
harvest was disappointingly
small this year. No produc-
tion figure was published,
but informed diplomatic
sources said it amounted to
4.5 million tons of sugar
compared with 8.5 million in
1970 and just under 6 mil-
lion in 1971. In 1970 almost
all the nation's resources
were put into the effort to
achieve a 10 million-ton har-
vest- In 1971 and 1972 sugar
was de-emphasized,
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Approved For Release490Mia/MECIA-RDP80-016
G AUG .1972
STATI NTL
Raid:
P7.1 ? ?
in
Watercrate
e.D
v -
?alma
. WASHINGTON?Only a day after
five men were caught breaking into
Democratic headquarters in the Water-
, gate apartments here last June, one of
them was identified as a security
agent for both the Republican National
Committee and the Committee for the
Re-election of .the President.
A day or so after that, it was found
that two other men in the raiding party
had in their possession address books
and other papers bearing the name of a
man who has served, at least until re-
cently, as a part-time consultant to
the White House.
John N. Mitchell, the former Attor-
ney General then serving as President
Nixon's campaign manager, dismissed
these developments as coincidental.
Neither the White House nor the G.O.P.
political apparatus bore any responsi-
bility for the June 17 incident, he an-
nounced.
?-/ The security agent, James W. Mc-
Cord Jr., appeared merely to boss uni-
formed guards. The consultant, E.
'Howard Hunt Jr., was said. to have
worked on stopping the drug traffic
and on declassifying the Pentagon pa-
pers. Routine stuff, it was said.
More titillating, it seemed, was the
fact that all six had past connections
with the Central Intelligence Agency.
V They also had been involved in the
Bay of Pigs invasion, and all but Mr.
McCord and Mr. Hunt live in Miami, a
city rife with fancifel but mostly im-
practical anti-Castro schemes.
The five men were carrying bugging
equipment, copying cameras and large
sums of money. When arrested, they
? gave' the police fictitious names. And
there were 'reports that the raid on
the Democrats was only one in a se-
ries of policially inspired enterprises.
It was all quite mysterious?and
highly diffuse. But, as in .a typical who-
dunk, new evidence kept popping up
as days passed. And most of it led to.
the Republicans, whose discomfort has
been increasing steadily and notice-
ably the last two weeks. The bits of
information being pieced together last
week included the following:
. The telephone records of the alleged.
leader of the break-in, Bernard L.'
Barker, showed repeated calls to the
office and home numbers in Washing-
ton of G. Gordon Liddy, 42-year-old
lawyer for Mr. Nixon's re-election
committee.
It turned out that Mr. Liddy, who
worked on fund-raising matters, had
been dismissed on June 28 for refusing
to answer questions concerning the
raid put to him in the presence of his
counsel by agents of the Federal Bu-
reau of Investigation.
The Democrats immediately noted
that Mr. Mitchell, who-had dismissed
Mr. Liddy, resigned on July 1. This,
they suggested, was prompted not by
his wife's Well-known demand that he
drop out of politics but because his
men had been caught red-handed. ?.
A S25,000 cashier's check, payable
to the Midwest finance chairman for
the Republicans, passed in and out of
a Miami bank account controlled by '
Mr. Barker in Ara. The chairman, .
Kenneth H. Dahlberg, explained last
week that the check represented
money collected in Boca .Raton from ?
campaign contributors.
Mr. Dahlberg also said he person--
ally handed the check to Maurice H.
Stans, the former, Secretary of Com-
merce now serving as Mr. Nixon's
chief money raiser. He said he had no
idea how the check wound up in Mr. -
Barker's bank. Mr. Stalls has refused
any comment.
Four other checks, totaling SS9,000,
passed through Mr. Barker's account
at about the same time. They were
drawn on the Banco Internacional of
Mexico City, but the ultimate source
of these funds remained obscure. Bank-
ing authorities regarded the handling
of all five checks as irregular.
Despite these !inks to the Nixon
campaign, the essential mystery re-
mains. Those who planned the raid
(it seemed likely that persons other
than those arrested had been involved) ,
were unidentified. And, above all, the
purpose of the break-in ,seemed ob-
scure.
But these details are never explained ?
until the last chapter.
? ?WALTER RUGABER
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STATINTL
Approved For Releas$A9M614g0f0:s1A-RDP80-01601
6 AUG 1972
,:?017-'-si?eti ?
,11. 4t4r
T1711 '
t, 1. 1., 1
1.Cr
By Leslie II. Gelb end Morton ill. Halperin
Unless polities were involved, Mit. Clif-
ford would not even be at this confer-
ence. This is a serious matter of for-
eign policy determination . . ." Clif-
ford remained at the meeting and,
after some hesitation; the United States
recognized Israel.
.The moral merits of U.S. support of
Israel notwithstanding, ho one doubts.
Jewish influence on Washington's pol-
icy toward the :Middle East. And yet,
years later, in their memoirs, both Tru-
man and Dean Acheson denied at
great length that the decision to recog-
nize Israel was in any way affected by
U.S. domestic politics.
A powerful myth is at work here. It
holds that national security is too im-
portant, too sacred, to be thin ted by
crass domestic pofitical considerations.
It is a matter of lives and the safety of
the nation. Votes and influence at
home should count for nothing. Eight?
Wrong. National security and domestic
reactions are inseparable.. What could
be clearer than the fact that President
Nixon's Vietnam troop reductions are
geared more to American public-opin-
ion than to the readiness of the Saigon
forces to defend themselves? Vet .the
myth makes it had form for govern-
ment officials to talk about domestic
politics (except to friends and to re-
porters off the record) or even to write
about politics later in their memoirs.
And what is bad form on the inside
would be politically disastrous if it
were leaked to the outside. Imagine
the press getting hold of a secret gov-
ernment document that said: "Presi-
dent Nixon has decided to visit China
to capture the peace issue for the '72
elections. He does not intend or expect
anything of substance to. be achieved
by his trip?except to scare the Rus-
sians a little." Few things are moite se-
rious that thy charge of playing poli-
tics with security.
Nevertheless, the President pays a
-price for the silence imposed by the
myth. One cost is that the President's
assumption about what public opin-
ion will and will not support Are never
questioned. No official, for example,
ever .dared to write a scenario ?for
President JOhnsen showing him how to
forestall the .right-wing MeCarthyite
HE AVERAGE newspaper reader
in the 1950s must have asked:
Why don't we take some of our troops
sitit of Europe? Ike himself said we didn't
need them all there. Later, in 1961,
after the tragicomic Bay of Pigs inva-
sion, the reader asked: Dow did Presi-
dent Kennedy ever decide to do such
a. damn fool thing? Or later, about
Vietnam: Why does President John-
son keep on bombing North Vietnam
when the bombing prevents negotia-
tions and doesn't get Hanoi to stop
. the fighl:ing.?
Sometimes ?the answer to these ques-
tions is simple. It can be attributed
squarely to the President. He thinks
?it's right. Or he believes he has no
choice. As often, as not, though, the an-
swer lies elsewhere?in the special in-
terests and procedures of the bureau-
- cracy and the convictions of the
bureaucrats.
If. you look at foreign policy as a
largely rational process of gathering in-
formation, setting the alternatives, de-
fining the national interest and mak-
ing decisions, then much of what the
President does will not make sense.
But if you look at foreign policy as bu-
reaucrats pursuing organizational,
personal and domestic political inter-
ests, as we41 as their own beliefs about
what is right, you can explain much of
the inexplicable.
In pursuing these interests and be-
liefs, bureaucrats (and that means ev-
eryone from Cabinet officials to politi-
cal appointees to career civil serv-
ants) usually follow their own version
of the Ten Commandments: ?
1 DON'T DISCUSS domestic politics
1-* on issues involving war and peace.
On May 11, 1948, President Truman
lied a meeting in the White House to
discuss recognition of the new state of
Israel. Secretary of State George Mar-
shall and Under Secretary Robert
Lovett spoke first. They were against
it., It would unnecessarily alienate
40. million Arabs. Truman next
asked Clark Clifford then special coun-
sel, to the President, to speak. Arguing
for, the moral element of U.S. policy
and.the need to contain communism in
the Middle East, Clifford favored rec-
ognition.
As rel
tions of domestic politics to screen in-
formation from the President or to
?
eliminate options from his considera-
tion.
. 2;SAY what will convince, not what
. you believe. ? ?
In the early months of the Kennedy
administration, CIA officials responsi-
ble: for covert operations faced a diffi-
cult challenge. President Eisenhower
had permitted them to begin training a
group of Cuban refugees for an Ameri-
can-supported invasion of Castri's
Cuba. In order to carry out the pla,e
thdy then had to win approval from a
skeptical new President whose entou-
rage included some "liberals" likely to
appose it.
. The Cl, director, Allen Dulles, and
his assistant, ?Richard. Bissell, both vet-
eran bureaucrats, moved effectively to
isolate the opposition. By highlighting
the e-xtreme sensitivity of the opera.
tion, they persuaded Kennedy to ex-
clude from deliberations. most of the
experts in' Stale and the CIA itself,
and many. of the Kennedy. men in the
White House. They reduced the effec-
tiveness of others by refusing to leave
any papers behind to be analyzed; they
swept in, presented their case and
swept out, taking everything with
them.
But therem remained the problem of
the' skeptical President. Kennedy
feared that if the operation was a com-
plete failure he would look very bad.
Dulles and Bissell assured him that
complete failure was impossible. If the
invasion force could not establish a
beachhead, the refugees, well-trained
in guerrilla warfare, would head for
the nearby mountains. The assurances
were persuasive, the on1:7 difficulty
being that they were false. Less than a
third of the force- had had any guer-
rilla training; the nearby mountains
were separated from the landing beach
by an almost impenetrable swamp; and
none of the invasion leaders was in-
structed to head for the hills if the in-
vasion failed (the CIA had promised
them American intervention).
rcRid(ForFeleasen2ootioeyofittiom-.Rf80-01601R000500050001-
in. "Genesis 1948, Marshallexplooe : out of Vietnam. Another cost is that Oit.intlOe
"Nils President, this is not s matter to h,y:Yrnicrats, in thpir if,norance Of pres-
be determined on the basis of polities. yiyws will use their own no-.
STA1
se 20011Y037g4 SFA-RDP
2 AUG 1972
WEI d
-BOOKS
. (7\ (izq
d
By ROGER JELLINEK
New York Times News Service
In 1941 a British naval intelligence
officer named Ian Fleming recommend-
ed to Gen. William (Wild Bill) Donovan
that he recruit as American intelligence
officers men of "absolute discretion,
sobriety, devotion to duty, languages,
and wide experience." Donovan, a
World War I hero and successful Wall
Street lawyer, understood the fantasies
of writers and presidents, and in a memo
to President Roosevelt promised an in-
ternational secret service staffed by
young officers who were "calculatingly
reckless," with "disciplined daring" and
- trained for "aggressive action."
The Office of Strategic Services
came to include such James Bonds as
John Birch, Norman 0. Brown, David K.
E. Bruce, Dr. Ralph J. Bundle, William
Bundy, Michael Burke, Julia Child,
Clark Clifford, John Kenneth Galbraith,
John W. Gardner and Arthur J. Gold-
berg. There were others Sterling
Hayden, August Heckscher, Roger 0.
?Hilsman, Philip llorton, H. Stuart
Hughes, Clark M. MacGregor, Herbert
Marcuse, Henry Ringling North. And
still others: John Oakes, Walt W. Bes-
tow, Elmo Roper, Arthur M. S-chlesitmer
Jr., Ralph de Toledano ? to name just a
few of the hundreds in this book by R.
Harris Smith.
SMITH, WHO WAS in the trade him-
self, resigning in 1968 after a "very
brief, uneventful, and unclistinentishcd
association with the most misunderstood
bureaucracy of the American govern-
ment," the Central Intelligence Agency,
now lectures in political science at the
University of California's Extension
Division. "This history of America's
first central intelligence agency" is
"secret" because Smith was denied ac-
cess to OSS archives, and so had to rely
on the existing literature supplemented
by some 200 written and verbal recollec-
tions of OSS alumni.
The book is densely packed with the
bewildering variety of OSS exploits in
. World War II: Spying, sabotage, propa-
ganda, military training missions, poli-
ticking and coordinating resistance
groups against the Germans.
OSS agents had to compete as much
with their allies as with their enemies.
OSS: The Secret History of America's
First Central Intelligence Agency. By
R. Harris Smith. Univ. of California
Press. 458 pages. Illustrated. .510.95.
In France and Switzerland, where Alle
Dulles operated, the British SOE
(Special Operations Executive) was
especially grudging. In Germany itself,
the OSS lost out to more orthodox Ameri-
can military intelligence, though para-
doxically they were strongly represent-
ed at Nuremberg, where Gen. Donovan
was himself a deputy prosecutor ? at
the same time that the head of the Nazi
secret service, Gen. Reinhard Gehlen,
was under OSS protection in .exchange
for his intelligence network in Eastern
Europe and the Soviet Union:
From present perspective the most
(literally) intriguing story is that of the
OSS in China and Indochina. There were
both pro-Communists and anti-Commu-
nists in the OSS, and most agents sympa-
thized with Asian nationalists so that
the OSS aided Thai partisans against the
British and, of course, more famously,
the Vietminh against the French in Lear,
and Vietnam (an OSS. medic saved Ho
Chi Minh's life). Smith's retelling of the
tragicomedy of Indochina after the Jap-
anese surrender in 1945, with Vichy and
Gaullist French, British, Chinese and
the Vietminh jockeying for control,
makes a fascinating setpiece.
The book ends with an accoent of the
transformation of the OSS into its
"mirror image," the CIA Smith's. admi-
ration for the OSS's wartime preema-
tism, its "tradition of dissent" and its
anticolonialism suggests his thesisaThat
the OSS/CIA has been made the straw
man of the radical and liberal left. In
fact, he asserts, the CIA has been the
principal guardian of liberal Values in
the "intelligence commttnity."
HE REMINDS US that the CIA
fought Sen. Joseph R. MeCarthy; and he
argues that the CIA's campaign to fund
anti-Communist liberals successfully
undermined international Communist
organizations and disarmed the paea-
noid anti-Communism of the FBI and
others at home. He notes that CIA liber-
als worked against Batista for Castro,
who betrayed them, allowing the CIA
conservatives to plan the Bay of Pigs
action. Finally, he points to the evidence
in the Pentagon Papers that the CIA has
been a critic of the Vietnam War from
the beginning.. :
But the question remains whether
the OSS "tradtion of dissent" is mean-
ingful, whether it doesn't compromise
liberals as much as aid them. Smith's
book is full of cryptic references to for-
mer OSS agents now prominent in inter-
national business and finance. CIA liber-
alism has not prevented a number of
CIA-fomented coups d'etat in favor of
military regimes. Even CIA liberal criti-
cism of the war in Vietnam seems to
have had little effect on policy. All might
be fair in time of war, but Smith ought to
have scouted the need for a permanent
bureaucracy part of whose function is.
officially devoted to clandestine political
manipulations abroad in time of
"peace."
...Y.. ???????
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Le/
Approved For ReleiaSe1/21243f03fE4VVIDIXRDP8
1 Atte:List 1972
_rl:rt ttt
- ? .: ? ? ?
ki;;;;I: L; s r
Lh Churles Hence
The American intelli-
gence et fort eluriirt World
War II, as deserilL:=d here
' 'yesterday, was composed
? of a-weird mixture of ith4h
seciet y, assas.sination
teams ? and es en poll uw-
ranhy.
? The ellorts of toe Oi?fice et
-Strategic Seri iceS, the fore-
... runner of the CE'lltrai
IA 1 moth-
. el-Teni-
Hoover Institution at Stan- if Adolf Hitler. because or
ford University. his bizrirre ment In
al alt.-2np.
By' no mans a dedicated caught sight of a sineje
soppwier of the CIA, Smith, /Piece'oJr Ile el:-
said that the seeds tor thisv fed might' v'ell 'Live hini
apparatus that er-i7)'?
Armed with this intelli-
iumbled 1?),t;y of P!;s;
i op-
coa \vele usa eiu
ags sprA-0-,
toot of dollarg cor-
by the old OSS years ago.
11,1: the market on German
During World War li
= porilography ?literally tons
Smith said, members of the of
int-enc'citu-'1 "mintl- The as: Smith re-
veiiuc nity eladly signed on svith counts: it, was to drop the
..inco by R. hams ;?=,tintli. a the OS.S. dirty stuff on Iliti?Jr's head-
? former CIA inteiligenee.rala- Former operative. Smith quarters and then, presimia-
' lyst. said, included Herbert -Mar- lily, to wait or the V. al' 10
SMilh SPO'Ke at a ness cus, political mentor of An- end as soon as Hitler went
: .cOnlerenee to announce 1.te gela Davis. and italph devinito psycho.
publication of his c 'Toledrino, far-right column- The plan '.m as aborted,
'?:"OSS 'Foe Secret- Hi- cry 1st. however, when the Army
'iji Amrrica's First ?Ce:t.-td. Esen the gentle Julia Air Forces colonel who was
?
Intelligence Agency.'' Chili.. who now has a cook-
ing program on television,
Sm1 raid the Oss, h,? was enlisted as an intelli-
gence records keeper in
wartime . Choolting,t, Smith
said.
Hollowing World War If
after the OSS had enga.,:_..r.ed
in everything from gitn-
running to demolitions work
? the CIA simply began to?
do the same thing. Smith
said.
Ed slirmil before Pearl it....
lior was imnbed on De-?.
- i -I.9H. r-r.rtinl.)!y h:IrboreL; -
, c.lara!Aet con-Lb:nation
10.)N.nk :-iic.1 left told ,..
? wing radwals the world ,?t:
ever sot-a.
I. The mission of the Oss.
icommanded by General V.-ll?
?:liani Joseph Donovan,
' espionage, sabotage a n e
-"subversion of hostile govern-
, ments. ?
-- At one time, Smith s-gA
-'.Donovan had on his payroll
/such luminaries as Willian
sisl Bundy, Henry Rin gnu g
?. North of circus fame, Arthur
Goldberg ? later U.S. am-
-' bassador to the United Na-
tions ? and Dr. Ralph J.
: Bunche.
TL' None of the ahoy?, Smith
.- hastened to add, ever actu-
ally assassinated anyone.
Smith said he interviewed
,
--more than 209 former OSS
?- operatives in researching
--7 the book and was given ac-
s---- cess to secret papers at the
? 'VICTIMS
The problem, lie said. wat
that sonic of the CIA's vic-
-tiros were yesterday's allies.
The remnants of the OSS
were absorbed into the new-
ly formed CIA in 1947 and
not many liberals survived
the. political purges of the
late Senator Joseph McCar-
thy in the years that fol-
'lowed. Smith said.
Indeed, it seems certain
ft.at, the p3rson .who hatched
a plot to drive 'Hitler mad
during World War II could
be found in the silent and
maligned ranks of today's
CIA,
As Smith told it. -OSS psy-
chiatrists had a scheme that
,/
STATINTL
R.! HARRIS SMITH
The author ?
to have droprr'.'4 the sinutpv
stun heard about it.
enrEed the e:),'S jean
iacs and swore he wol.ild rnt
risk the life. of
air-
mail for such a crazy opera-
tion,' Smith said.
STATI NTL
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How Approved For Release aglifig3phis9ORNI3g-016
August 172
Bu?shonss
-Bollziers.Our
Intellrnce
eleneas:
From building eyes
in the sky to advising
Presidents, businessmen
are deeply involved in an
essential but hush-hush
*national activity
High over the Eurasian land mass,
two Project 647 .salellites (Made in
U.S.A.) ? Patrol unusual "dwelling"
orbits, their delicate sensors watching
for a missile launching in the Soviet
Union or a nuclear explosion in Chi-
na.
?A propulsion engineer in a secure,
windowless California office calcu-
-, - laths the range of an Egyptian anti-
/shipping missile from data gathered
. 'V by the Central Intelligence Agency.
A_ computer analyst in Boston, his
advice needed by the code-breaking
; National Security Agency, ? hops a
plane to. Washington. And a corpo-
rate executive answers the Presi-
dent's - personal plea for some unpub-
licized counsel on how to reorganize,
the Defense Intelligence Agency.
American industry, a world leader
in advanced technology, is deep into
the complexities of modern intelli-
gence work?and much quieter about
it than a swinging dames Bond.
. The U.S. intelligence establish-
ment, once comparatively simplj, is
now. huge as well as highly sophisti-
cated, costing the government some
$6 billion a Year and directly employ-
ing 200,000 men and women.
One expert has estinmted that 70
per cent of this money and manpow-
er .is inextricably involved with the
science and technology that, in less
than two decades, have revolution-
ized an essential national activity?
essential despite the thaw in the Cold
War'. ? ?
.The revolution began one ecen-f-
ber afternoon in 1954 when .Trevor
Gardner, a former California busi-
?nessman who was the Air Force's re-
search and development chief, picked
up his Pentagon telephone to make a
' call at the CIA's?request. The 'man h
called was Clarence (Kelly) -John-
son, Lockheed Aircraft Corp.'s chief
designer, in Burbank, Calif. Nineteen'
months later, Mr. 'Johnson's ubiqui-
tous U-2--designed, built and. tested
in an atmosphere of extreme secrecy
--made its first spy flight for the CIA
over the Soviet Union.
Today, the U-2 still flies recon-
.
naissance missions over Cuba, poten-
tial Latin American trouble spots and
the troubled deserts Of the Middle
East. Its intelligence "coOr" was
blown in 1960 when a Soviet missile
knocked Francis Gary Powers from
the sky over Sverdlovsk. But its cam-
eras still rank among the world's best,
it can slip over a target :more easily
than a satellite?and it remains an
undisputed symbol of modern, tech-
nological espionage. .
Ironically, Lockheed did almost as
much to push the U-2 into the open?
by creating superior spycraft, and
therefore reducirig the 'need for secre-
cy about it?as the Sverdlovsk marks-
men did. By. 1960,. work was well
along on a supersonic successor air-
craft, the Lockheed SR-71, and on in-
creasingly sophisticated spacecraft
that keep an entire planet under ob-
servation.
Under the peculiar rules of the in-
telligence game, Lockheed can admit_
what everyone already knows?that
the U-2 was and is a spy plane. How-
ever, it can only concede that the Air
Force SR-71 has "strategic reconnais-
sance" as its mission. And .the com-
pany cannot even discus s the fact
that its Agena rockets have carried
almost every American spy satellite
launched in the past dozen years.
The rocket's role
T.aboratories, Bell T n
elco ioe a Jora-
\Am-jos, RCA and Philco-Ford, Itek
Corp., Eastman Kodak Co., Perkin-
Elmer Co., Aerojet-General Corp.,
TRW .Inc.?as well as thousands of
smaller suppliers. ?
Only when first cousins of clandes-
tine devices developed for intelli-
gence work show up in civilian life?
in the camera system of the Lunar
Orbiter, for example?can companies
take oblique credit for ?remarkable
technical achievements.
Industrialist John A. McCone, who V
ucceecled aging spyinaster Allen W.
Dulles as Central Intelligence Agen-
cy director in 1961, and is now back
in industry, is given much of ? the
credit foi harnessing industry and
technology 'to the intelligence com-
munity's needs. ?
"Dulles had no background for this
kind of thing," a top intelligence ex- j
ecutive recalls. "McCone had heacledV
the Atomic Energy Commission and
been Under Secretary of the Air
Force, and he- fancied himself sonic-
thing of an engineer.
. "He wasn't afraid of the tech-
nological game." ?
The simple communication link
that Mr. Gardner used to order the
U-2 from Mr. Johnson still operates.
"We can pick up the phone to a
West Coast. contractor and say, `Go
ahead,'" an intelligence :official. re-
ports. "Research and development is
different in this field than in the mili-
tary services. We are just plain less
bureaucratic.
"Contractors'say it is a pleasure to
deal with us because they can get de-
cisions quickly. The security rules.
. are hard to live with, but they are
more than counterbalanced by the
lack of complications." .
The leading consumer of new in-?
telligence technology, the CIA, ini-
tiates more than 50 per cent of the.
R&D projects it sponsors but de-
?pends on industry for many new
ideas. Surprisingly, it and the .other
intelligence agencies also depend
heavily on, companies for analytical
help. "We don't contract out 'current
business' [the hottest new intelli-
gence data] but we might ask some-
one to do a six-month exhaustive
study, say, on the accuracy of an
ICBM," one government intelligence
official explains.
? While the U-2 clearly marked the
beginning of the new espionage; the
rocket quickly proved a far more dra-
matic instrument of change.
Sputnik I, launched 'on Oct. 4,
1957, left no doubt that rocketry had
altered man's destiny.
And the prying eye of the intel-
ligence camera soon peered down
from 100 Miles in space, rather than
100,000 feet. Big names in the high-
Approved For Releatgg' IjOtift4Eas ClAilbaq-
cruite -VI ?lectric r o.,
STATI NTL
;
Approved For Release 295p9M4rirtI6A-RDP80-01
26 JUL 1972
Books of The Times
1. Wonderful Wizards of O.S.S.
By ROGER SELLINEK
OSS. The Secret History of America's ? First
. -Central Intelligence Agency. By R. Harris
Smith. Illustrated. 458 Pages. University
of California Press. $10.95.
In 1941 a British Naval Intelligence offi-
cer named Ian Fleming recommended to Japan. Cardinal Montini is now Pope Paul
Gen. William (Wild Bill) Donovan that he VI. .
recruit as American intelligence officers O.S.S. agents had to compete as much
men of "absolute discretion, sobriety, de- with their allies as with their enemies. In
votion to duty, languages, and wide expe; France and Switzerland, where Allen ,
rience." Donovan, a World War I hero and Dulles operated, the British S.O.E. (Special
successful Wall Street lawyer, understood Operations Executive) was especially
the fantasies of writers and Presidents, and grudging. In Germany itself, the O.S.S.
in'a memo to President Roosevelt promised lost out to more orthodox American mu-
an international secret service staffed by tary intelligence, 'though paradoxically
young officers who were "calculatingly they were strongly' represented at Nurem-
reckless," with "disciplined daring" and , berg, where General Donovan was himself
trained for "aggressive action." ' a deputy prosecutor?at the same time
i that the head of the Nazi Secret Service,
The Office of.Strategic Services came to Gen. Reinhard Gehlen, was under O.S.S.
include such James Bonds as John Birch, protection in exchange for his intelligence
Norrhan* 0. Brown, David K. E. Bruce, Dr. network in Eastern Europe and Rusia.
Ralph J.'Biinche, William Bundy, Michael
Burke, Julia Child, Clark Clifford, John Role in the Far East. ?
Kenneth Galbraith, John W. Gardner, From present perspective the most
Arthur '3. Goldberg- and Murray Gurfein. (literally) intriguing story is that of the
There were others?Sterling Hayden, Au- O.S.S. in China and Indochina. There were
gust Heckscher, Roger 0. Hilsman, Philip both pro-Communists and anti-Commu-
Horton, H. Stuart Hughes, Carl Kaysen, nists in the 0.S.S., and most agents sym-
- Clark M. MacGregor, Herbert Marcuse, pathized with Asian nationalists, so that
Henry Ringling North, Serge Obolensky. the 0.S.S. aided Thai partisans against the
And still others: John Oakes, Walt W. British and of course more famously, the
'Rostow, Elmo Roper, Arthur M. Schlesinger _Vietminh against the French in Laos and
Jr., Paul Sweezy, Ralph de Toledano-,-to Vietnam (an O.S.S. medic saved Ho Chi
name just a few of the hundreds in this Minh's life). Mr. Smith's retelling of the
- book by R. Harris Smith. tragicomedy .of Indochina after the Japa-
Mr. Smith, who was in the trade him-
nese surrender in 1945, with Vichy and
self, resigning in 1968 after a "very brief, Gaullist French, British, Chinese and the
uneventful, and undistinguished associa-
Vietminh jockeying for control, makes a
tion with the most misunderstood bureauc-' fascinating setpiece.
racy of the American Government," the The book ends with an account of the
Central Intelligence Agency, now lectures transformation of the O.S.S. into its "mirror
i
in political science at the University of image," the C.I.A. Mr. Smith's admiration
California's Extension Division. "This his-
for the 0.S.S.'s wartime pragmatism, its
"
tory of America's first central intelligence 'tradition of dissent" and its anticolonial-
i
agency" is "secret" because Mr. Smith was ism suggests his thesis: that the O.S.S./
C.I.A. has been made the straw man of
denied access to 0.S.S. archives, and so
had to rely on the existing literature the radical and liberal left. In fact, he
sup-
asserts, the C.I.A. has been the principal
later registered agent for the Haitian e
lobby in Washington). They had vol
teered to collect and pass on firsthand in-
telligence on strategic bombing targets in
STATI NTL
plemented by some 200 written and verbal .
recollections of O.S.S. alumni. guardian of liberal values in the "intel-
ligence community." He reminds us that
Both Ends Against, the Middle the C.I.A. fought Senator Joseph R. Mc-
The book is densely packed with the be- Carthy, and he argues that the C.I.A.'s
wildering variety of O.S.S. exploits in campaign to fund anti-Communist liberals
World War H: spying, sabotage, prop- successfully undermined international
aganda, military training missions, pOli- Communist organizations and disarmed the
ticking and coordinating resistance groups paranoid anti-Communism of the F.B.I.
against the Germans. "Casablanca" caught and others at home. He notes that C.I.A.
the' spirit of the Byzantine plotting in liberals worked against Batista for Castro,
French North Africa, with the O.S.S. who betrayed them, allowing the C.I.A.
trying to undermine the Vichy and German conservatives to plan the Bay of Pigs. ,/
authorities, while various resistance groups Finally,. he points to the evidence in the
in Italy, Yugoslavia, China and Greece, Pentagon Papers that the C.I.A. has been a
tried to use the O.S.S. for their own ends. critic of the Vietnam war from the begin-
O.S.S. agents played both ends against the 'ling.
middle in the virtual civil wars between But the question remains whether the
. conservatives and left-wing partisans. In O.S.S. "tradition of dissent" is meaningful,
one holy alliance worthy of Graham whether it doesn't compromise liberals as
Greene, tiA 0.S.S. gratefully accepted the much as aid them. Mr. Smith's book is full
Even C.I.A. liberal criticism of the war
in Vietnam seems to have had little ef-
fect on policy. All might be fair in time
of war, but Mr. Smith ought to have
scouted the need for a permanent bureauc-
racy part of whose function is officially
devoted to ? clandestine political manipula-
tions abroad in time of "peace."
contributi pproved fornR tft, le,r ? 0 S S
ican politician and diplomat (also friend of business and finance. C.I.A. liberalism has
_ . iv, -rniEtary rePinies
fikpotatkil5garr01501R000500050001-4
Montini, teamed with Earl Brennar,tterjP 249n
and the Canadian Mafia, and not prevented a number of C.I.A.-fomented
STATI NTL
;UV 7
STATI NTL
Approved For ReleasMTIVI : CIA-RDP80-0160
Suppose. Hanoi
'email ed. Ransom?
Those who remember how Castro forced
the United States to pay millions in ransom
, for the release of the Bay of Pigs prisoners
might see some flaw in Sen. George McGov-
ern's plan for gaining the freedom of Ameri-
can servicemen now held by North Vietnam.
. . While it is true that if we pull out of
Southeast Asia North Vietnam should have
, no good reason to hold the prisoners, and,
under normal conditions, one would expect
,.to see them sent home.
But what if North Vietnam decides to
-? hold the prisoners for ransom, demanding
that the United States pay several billion
dollars in indemnity for the extensive dam-
age done by the wholesale bombing of that
country?
What would be McGovem's answer .to
"such a demand?
WE HAVE HEARD the suggestion that if
?The United States should pull out, then
North Vietnam would be compelled by the
-"force of world opinion to release the prison-
But our actions in Southeast Asia have
'made us so unpopular in .the rest of the
world that it's doubtful whether we could
" warm up enough world opinion to unchill
Ihe hearts of Hanoi's tough leaders.-
- By a misguided notion that we could
stop the spread of communism in every part
of the world, we have got ourselves in a
mess that is going to be difficult to get out
of. Every move Kennedy, Johnson or Nixon
? has made seemed to bog us down ?a little
deeper in the jungles and rice paddies of an
area of the world where we have no busi-.
?
ness.
Under our present commitments, we seem
destined to be involved in Southeast Asia
for an indefinite time in the future, holding
up the incapable government of South Viet-
nam and backing its equally incapable army.
Had it not been for our Air Fore and
Nav,.the Communist divisions would have
overrun South Vietnam within a few weeks
earlier this year and the war would be over
by now.
SHOULD HE WIN the election in No-
vember, McGovern could find himself with a
problem as great as the ones his three prede-
cessors have made for themselves. Only Mc-
Govern's problem could be more frustrating,
more demoralizing. For what would be his
answer, should he withdraw all our armed
forces from Southeast Asia within. 90 days
after inauguration, only to be told by Hanoi
that it would not release the prisoners of
war until billions in indemnities were paid? ?
A frustrated Kennedy, Johnson or Nixon
could send in the Army, Marines, Air Force,
the Navy and CIA. But what would McGov-
ern send?
It might be a little late to send a dove.
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13 JUL 1972 -
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V\f177 F.1
\,
1 1 V.;:+7
By Tim Wheeler
?
. WASHINGTON
T,,,,firs. Betty Bagclikia.n.., a Democratic
Party staff worker, glared over her
spectacles at the rifled desks, the gap-
ing file drawers and the floor littered
with the memos, letters and correspond-
ence of .the Democratic National Com-
mittee. .
"Who would dream of such a thing?"
she exclaimed. "It's unconstitutional, its
an invasion of privacy. There's a con-
spiracy law, you know."
She was 'reacting to the brazen at-'
tempt by five men to install spy devices
in the plush Watergate offices of the
Democratic Party in. one of the most
bizarre episodes- since President Nixon
took office.. The five spies were caught
redhanded by IXC. metropolitan police as
they crouched behind an office partition
in the inner office of Democratic Party
Chairman Lawrence F. O'Brien. They
were carrying satchels of -sephisticated
eavesdropping equipment, cameras for
micro-filming and pens filled with tear
gas when apprehended at 2:30 a.m.,
Saturday, June 17. ?
When police pointed their pistols at
them, the spies held up their hands.
They were wearing surgical rubber
gloves, and one of them declared, "Don't
shoot!" "
Since then, in a series of spectacular
disclosures, the agents have been linked
directly to the Committee to Re-elect
ithe President, top aides in the White
House, the Republican National Commit-
tee, the Central Intelligence Agency, the.
FBI, and counter-revolutionary Cuban
exiles. The leader of the spy plot is
credited with masterminding the abor-
tive Bay of Pigs invasion of 1951 in
,
which the .CIA attempted to overthrow
the socialist revolution in Cuba.
Florette Lebow, a secretary, and Pat
Johnson, editor of Democratic Party pub-
liCations, showed me the fire-door jirn-
.
The spies were especially interested
in the Office of Youth affairs. They
rifled through the files in this office be-
fore moving on to the Research Office.
Finally, they jimmied the office door of
Democratic Chairman Lawrence F.
O'Brien, removed two acoustical tiles
from the ceiling of his office but were
caught before they had time to install
listening devices.
The conspirators have been the subject
of round-the-clock investigation by re-
porters seeking answers to endless
questions about the operation. Some con-
tend the bungling of the job indicates
"amateurishness." But others say it was
the result of overconfidence born of re-
pealed success in similar plots.
"They must have been here before," de
dared Mrs. Johnson, "That is why they
were so confident, so fearless, so
brazen."
scary," said Miss Lebow with a
shudder.
White House Press Secretary Ron Zei-
gler pushed the "amateur"'line when
he characterized the-break-in -as a "third
rate burglary attempt" unworthy of com-
ment either by himself or .fl President.
Senator Mike Mansfield (D-Mont)
hastened to reject charges that the Re-
publican high command was behind the
break-in. He said it was inconceivable
that the Republicans could' have hired
such miserable incompetents to under-
take the mission.
Another argument is that the Demo-
cratic Party has no secrets worth dis-
covering by such a risky enterprise as
breaking into their headquarters. The
political cost of being caught in the act,
the argument goes, far outweighs any-
thing that could be found in O'Brien's
inner office, which can be read "like an
open book," according to some. ?
0
All of this speculation has one pur-
pose: to throw the' people off the trail,.
to dispel the outrage, to pin the episode
mied by the agents when they broke into or. the nearest patsy. The Democratic
the offices.- Incredibly, the agents used Party has made crystal clear who they
b
' tape to keep the door from latching; this believe inspired the plot. Its suit seek-
was visible to the Watergate guard as he ing $1,000,000 in damages for conspiracy
made his hourly rounds. The guard. mis- to deny the civil rights of Democratic
takenly thought the Democrats them- voters names the Committee To Re-
selves had taped the door and. simply elect the President as the guilty party.
removed it. An hour later, when This is tantamount to charging that
he returned, the guard noticed that the the conspiracy was ordered by top cir-
? door had been retaped! He immediately cies of the Nixon Administration itself.
telephoned the police. It directly 'contradicts attempts by the
Nixon Administration to pooh-pooh the
episode as an activity of the "lunatic
fringe."
Predictably, GOP Chairman. Robert
Dole lashed back, accusing the Demo-
crats of using the break-in for election-
eering purposes.
But the facts in the case are incon-
trovertible. They point in one direction:
toward the White House.
According to Ken W. Clawson, De-
puty Director of Communications for
the Nixon Administration, E. I:ov,?ard
Hunt was hired as a top consultant at
the White House by Nixon's special
counsel, Charles .W. Colson. Hunt work-
ed under Colson's command for 63 days
in 1971 and another 24 days this year,
as recently as March 29. Colson hired
Hunt because of his "expertise" gained
in years as a top Central Intelligence
Agency spy.
?0
About two weeks before the break-in,
Hunt flew to Miami where .he met with
Bernard F. Barker,. identified as the
?leader" of the break-in at the time of
his arrest .at the Democratic heaiinuar-
ters. At this Miami meeting,. Hunt hand-
ed BLrker his business card with his
suburban Maryland telephone number
pencilled on the back and gave- him "oral
instructions to call him if he ever needed
help," ' according to The. New York
Times. .
? Police tracked Hunt down because his
name was written in Barker's address
book, confiscated when he was arrested.
Also in the address book were notations
' such as "W. House," and "W.H."
Hunt and Barker, a Cuban-born gll-
sa no, were top. CIA operatives who car-
ried out the infamous Bay of Pigs invasion
of Cuba in 1961. This *fact goes a long
way towards exploding the argument
that the Republican Party would never
hire "bunglers" to do its dirty work. No
operation was more stupidly conceived
nor more criminally executed than the
Pay cf Pigs invasion, yet it enjoyed'
the full support of the White House.
Hunt, under the alias. "Eduardo,"
was the CIA agent in top command of
the Bay of Pigs invasion. Since the ar-
rests, he has mysterionsly disappeared.
Barker's role in the Bay of Pigs
fiasco, according to Cuban exile sources,
"was significant but more organizational
than operational," a Washington Post
article declared.
STATINTI
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contimicd
i)L. 1 LY ViO1),L1.)
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CIA roiders get expern ive legal aid . 4
. WASHINGTON -- An array of famous and expensive legal talent
has entered the. case of the June 14 raid on the Democratic National
Committee headquarters in the Watergate apartments here.
The five suspected raiders, three of 1,,,,hom remain in a local jail,
face criminal prosecution in the District of Columbia on burglary char-
ges, a possible Feeral indictment for conspiracy and a *1 million civil
lawsuit entered by the Democratic Party oinst. them and the Republi-
can Party for allegedly violating the civil rights of Democratic cardi-
dates for office.
Electronic eavesdropping devices and microfilm photographing
equipment were found on the suspects when they were arrested. ,
One of the defendants is Bernard L. Harker, a wealthy Cuban-born
Miami realtor who played an important role in the 131 Bay of Pigs in-
vasion of Cuba, organized by the Cchtral Intelligence i', gcncy. His de-
fense lawyer is Henry B. Rothblatt, a well-known New York lawyer.
In HO, Mr. Lolliblatt defended Col: Hohert B. Rheault and five
other officers of the United States Army's Special Forces on charges
that they had murdered a Vietnaroese douidea;ent.
/ -
Gerald Melt is representing James W. McCord Jr., Who was the
security chief for both the Republica:1 National Committee and the.Com-
?
mittee to lic-elect the President until the June raid, and who earlier
was the CIA's internal security head. Alch is a partner in the Hos-
ton law firm headed by F. Lee Bailey, who defended Capt. Eencst Me-
dina, a defendant in the My Lai massacre case. .
The attorney for E. Howard Hunt, Jr., is William 0. Rittman, form-
er assistant U.S. attorney who won the conviction of James R. Hoffa,
former president of the Teamsters Union on fraud charges. Hunt, not.
charged with an offense in the case, was linked to the raid when his
pame was foond in the address books of tv.,o.of the raiders. .
Hunt, a White House consultant, was one of the ton coordinators of
the Bay of Pigs invasion. He retired from the CIA in IS'./0. L/
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Approved For Release 2001Y,0;1/0:: CIA-R
10 JUL 1972 -
0 I P.
Expensive Line-Up of Legal Talent Enters Case
of Raid on Democratic Office
By TAD SZULC I had been the C.T.A.'s internal
Special to The Nem Yci lc Times security head. Mr. Alch is a
WASHINGTON, July 9?Ant
array of famous and expensive!
legal talent has entered the
case of the June 17 raid on the,
Democratic National Committee
headquarters in the Watergate
complex here.
partner in the Boston law firm /
headed by F. Lee Bailey, one
of the nation's most noted
criminal lawyers.
Mr. Alch will defend Mr.
McCord, who is free on bail
? The five suspected raiders, i in the criminal cases, with Mr
three of whom remain in al Bailey supervising the case.
local jail, face criminal prose-! But Mr. Rothblatt, who co-
?cution in the District of, authored five basic books on
Columbia on burglary charges, criminal law with Mr. Bailey,
a possible Federal indictment i is understood to have agreed
? for conspiracy and a Sl-million to represent Mr. McCord in
civil lawsuit entered by the the civil suit.
Democratic party against theml !
3 Other Defendants
and the Republican party for Mr. Rothblatt is also expect-
,i I
allegedly violatirtg the civil;
rights of Democratic candidates, :cd to assume the defense of
for office..I Eugenio R. Martinez, Virgilio
Electronid eavesdropping de- ( L. Gonzales and Frank Fiorinoi,
vices and microfilm photograph- the three other refendants, all
iof whom have past C.I.A. ties.
Mr. McCord and Mr. Martin-
ez are the only defendants in
the case who were freed on
bail by the District of Colum-
bia Superior Court. Last Fri-
day, the District Court of Ap-
peals declined to overrule Su-
perior Judge James Belson on
his demand that the three other
defendants remain imprisoned
until they disclose in open court
the source from which they
would raise bail money.
Their lawyers were reported
to be considering an appeal to
the Chief Justice of the United
States,. Warren E. Burger, on.
the ground that refusal of bail
violates the defendants' rights
under the Eighth Amendment.
The attorney for E. Howard
Hunt Jr., a mystery figure in
on charges that they had",, the case, is William 0. Bitt-
ing equipment were found on
the suspects when they were
arrested. ? i
One of the defendants is Ber- I
nard L. Barker, a wealthy,
Cuban-born Miami realtor who
played an important role in the
1961 Bay of Pigs invasion of
Cuba organized by the Central
Intelligence Agency. His defense
lawyer is Henry B. Rothblatt,
a well-known New York crimi-
nal lawyer who often appears
as counsel in major controver-
sial cases.
Defended Army Officers
In 1969, Mr. Rothblatt, a!
tall, thin, dapper man with a
pencil moustache, defended,
Col. Robert B. Rheault andl
five other officers of the United I
States Army's Special Forces.
murdered a Vietnamese doublet
agent. As part of his defense
Mr. Rothblatt charged that the
C.I.A. had lied about its role:
in the murder
?
Last year, Mr. Rothblatt
helped to win acquittal in a
court-martial for Col. Oren K.,
Henderson on charges that he,
had covered up evidence and:
made false statements in the
investigation of the 1968 mas-
sacre of civilians at Mylai in
South Vietnam.
Mr. Rothblatt will defend
Mr. Barker in the two criminal
and the civil actions.
Gerald Alch is representing
James W. McCord Jr., who
was the security chief for both
the Republican National Com-:
mittee and the Committee to.
man, a noted Washington crim-
inal lawyer. He was the assis-
tant United States attorney
who at the age of 32 won the
conviction of James R. Hoffa,
the former president of the In-
ternational Brotherhood of
Teamsters, on fraud charges.
Three years later he success-
fully prosecuted Robert G. Bak-
er, one-time Senate aide, for
tax evasion, theft and conspir-
acy to defraud the government.
Mr. Hunt, who was one of
the top coordinators of the
Bay of Pigs invasion and who /
retired from the C.I.A. in 1970
has not been charged with any
offense.
But he was linked with the
Watergate raid when his name
was found in the address
STATI NTL
Re-elect the PAditiler.OrthFor5telleatql,00107/00 CIA-RDP80-01601R000500050001-4
r.
June raid, an o Carter artmez a e Lime
'arrest.
? . t
'riStei I
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emocraii ri
!te A right-wing group of anti-
Castro Cubans financed the
break-in at Democratic nation-
al party headquarters here,
according to sources close to
the investigation.
The sources said that the
- group had bugging devices in-
side the headquarters "for a
long time."
e The Miami based group re-
i)ortedly is well financed and
prepared to assist the five sus-
pects arrested inside party
headquarters on June 17, hop-
ing to avoid a trial and testi-
'pony that could reveal addi-.
tional details of the break-in
:and the extent of support for
the effort.
?!: Continuing Effort Cited
The sources said the anti-
!Castro group financed the
break-in at the Watergate
omplex as part of a continu-
ing effort to kEep Democrats
under surveillance because of
fear that leading candidates
for the Democratic presiden-
tial nomination are pro-Castro.
The five. suspects ? all of
whom had ties to the abortive
01/-?11INIL
in 1970 to start his own securi-
ty firm, is the former security
chief for both the Republican
National Committee and Pres-
ident Nixon's re-election com-
mittee.
McCord was ordered bound
over to the grand jury yester-
day ? by Superior Court Judge
Harry T. Alexander.
A U.S. District Court grand-
jury is considering the case
separately and FBI agents re-
JAMES McCORH JR.
Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961 ? portedly have been conducting
were arrested inside the Dem- a nationwide search for E.
ocratic National Committee's Howard Hunt, former CIA
offices. It was at least the sec- MEM and a White House eon-
ond time that agents of the sultana for questioning in the
anti-Castro group had been in- case.
side the Democratic headquar- The New York Times report-
ters, sources said. ed today that Hunt reportedly
Bugging devices initially telephoned a close friend last
were placed in the Democratic Friday and asked him to enlist
suite but had been malfunc- "White House friends," in ob-
.tioning. The June 17 break-in, taming an attorney. Hunt was
the sources said, was to re- quoted as saying he would
place or repair the faulty elec- "emerge" after obtaining a sat-
tronic equipment. isfactory lawyer. He has been
Sen. George McGovern of missing since the Watergate
South Dakota was said to be of arrests.
particular concern, to the Cu- The Times today also said
ban group. But the anti- that government officials have
Castroites also were said to reported the FBI has called off
.
its search for Hunt because
-feel that all potential Demo-
Hunt has obtained a lawyer,
cratic nominees ? except
who has told federal officials
dark horse Sen. Henry M.
that Hunt would be available.
Jackson, D-Wash. ? were
pro-Castro. Despite -reports that Hunt
might have left the country,
McCord to Grand Jury the friend who reported re-
James W. McCor Jr. one ceiving the call from him said
, ottosampoimAon
/ of the five suspect PIEGY ' blfen 'crra ilsi*201/
lF Trein within
bound over to a Superior Court
the Felted States.
grand jury. McCord, a CIA In testimony before Alexan-
man for 10 vear nntil reitirne.
BERNARD L. BARKER
der yesterday, it was disclosed
that McCord used the 'alias
"Edward Warren" when he
was arrested inside the Demo-
cratic headquarters in the Wa-
tergate -along with the four
other men char'ged in the
case.
D.C. Police Sgt. Paul W.
Leper said McCord used the
name Edward Warren when
he was arrested. Officials
have reported that .McCord
also used the name Edward
Martin.
Officials previously reported
that at least six men?includ-
ing the four inen arrested with
McCord ? were registered at
the Watergate Hotel May
26-29, and that their bill was
paid by a man identified only
as "E. Warren."
Police records show that an
attempt was made on May 28
to unscrew a lock on a door at
Democratic headquarters, lo-
cated in the Watergate Office
Building adjacent to the Hotel.
List Both Jobs
Officials said McCord and
the other four were again stay-
ing at the Watergate Hotel at
the time of their arreSt.
McCord was fired from both
of his security positions with
the Republicans two days aft-
er the arrests. The others ar-
.
03/04 : CIA-RDP80-01
h
-
rested are Bernard L. Barker,.
a Miami real estate broker;
Virgilio R. Gonzales, a lock-
smith; Frank Sturgis, opera-
tor of -a marine supply firm in
Miami, and Eugenio Martinez,
who worked for Barker.
All five have been charged
with second degree burglary.
The federal grand jury appar-
ently is considering possible
violations of conspiracy stat-
utes and laws against electron-
ic bugging.
Gerald Alch, a partner in F.
Lee Bailey's law firm who is
representing McCord, said
yesterday that McCord was
called before the federal grand
jury Wednesday. Alch com-
mented only that "there were
no surprises."
Nixon Aide Mentioned
In its report, The Times said
that in an interview, a close
friend of Hunt who asked not
to be identified told of his Fri-
day telephone call. The Times
reported that one person Hunt
suggested might be called at
the White House was Joan
Wesley Dean 3rd, special
counsel to the President. Ac-
cording to the newspaper, the
friend did not make the call.
Hunt's telephone number
-and name were found in the
address books of two of the
five mon arrested in the
break. Hunt resigned from a
senior post with the CIA in
1970.
Hunt has worked for the
White House as a part-time
consultant during the past two
years, taking the post on rec-
ommendation of Charles W.
Colson, a counsel to the Presi-
dent. Colson has denied any
knowledge of the Democratic
breakin.
The Justice Department last
week confirmed that a
walkie-talkie and an unloaded
pistol were found in a drawer
in Hunt's desk in the Execu-
tive Office Building. Two wal-
kie-talkies were found with the
five suspects in the Watergate,
but Hunt's radio has not been
6ilitadtgatict0001-4
Approved For Release iodtiiogilk : CIA-RD
V I in I I I NI I I-
Hunt's \?f Ridicu
I3y DANA SULLEN
Star Staff Writer
The wife of E. Howard Hunt
Jr., a missing figure in the
Democr- ' le National Commit-
tee bre-in, has labeled as
"ridiculous" any idea that her
. husband had been involved in
. the case.
"I don't believe it," Dorothy
, Hunt said of press reports
? linking Hunt, a former CIA
agent and recent White House
consultant, to the burglary at
the party headquarters. "The
whole thing seems to me to be
ridiculous."
"I feel that the papers are
? just putting words in people's
mouths," she said yesterday.
But, Mrs. Hunt said, she was
out of the country when the
five suspects were apprehend-
ed June 17 at the Watergate
office building. "I know abso-
lutely nothing about it," she
said.
Hunt was linked to the
break-in after police found his
? name and home telephone
number in the address books
Df two of the men arrested at
?Democratic headquarters.
- ? Although it has been assert-
ed that Hunt, reportedly the
subject of an FBI search, had
left the country, possibly going
to Europe, his wife denied
this. "He is not out of the
cuontry," she said.
Asked why Hunt had not
come forward to explain or
rebut any connection he might
have to the case, Mrs. Hunt
said that her husband would
speak to the press "when he is
ready to speak,"
She said that Hunt left their
home in Potomac, Md., after
the case erupted into headlines
because "he did not want the
children to face . . . harass-
ment" from reporters seeking
to clarify his involvement.
FBI Withholds Comment
Mrs. Hunt said that her hus-
band "obviously does not want
to" talk about the ease at this.
time and would not reveal his
whereabouts. At some later
time, she said she is sure he
will make a statement.
Hunt's wife said no warrant
or subpeena has been issued
for her husband and that he ?
has been in contact with the
FBI. It was not clear whether
this referred to earlier FBI
questioning after the break-in.
According to one report,
Hunt at that time refused to
answer questions about the
case. The FBI would not com-
ment when asked whether it
presently is searching for
Hunt in connection with the
affair.
Meanwhile, the president.of
the public relations firm
where Hunt worked as a writ-
er here before the Watergate
break-in acknowledge that the
firm some years ago did a
"public service" publicity job
for an organization later said
to have had CIA backing.
Robert F. 'Bennett, head of
Robert R. Mullen & Co., said
that the firm was hired for a
publicity campaign for a
group called "Radio Free
Cuba" shortly after the 1961
Bay of Pigs invasion. -
According to Bennett, who
was not with the company
then, the campaign apparently
was linked to efforts to broad-
cast information to the Cu-
bans. While the "Radio Free
Cuba" organization was not a
"CIA front," Bennett said, the
CIA "helped ? a little" with its
efforts.
"As far as I know, (except
for this) the company has
done no work for the CIA,"
Bennett said.
Planning Role Indicated
Hunt, believed to have been
a key planner of the Bay of
Pigs invasion, was suspended
by the firm after his disap-
pearance following the burgla-
ry at Democratic party head-
quarters.
The possibility of a link be-
tween the Mullen firm and
CIA surfaced late last week
when attorney Douglas Caddy,
who helped obtain legal coun-
sel for the suspects apprehend-
ed at the Watergate, reported-
/1y told the grand jury he had
t/ had intimations of such a
connection.
Bennett said the "Radio
Free Cuba" accounts was "the
only thing I can think of that
Doug Caddy may have had in
mind." He - said that Caddy
then an employe of General
Foods Corp., had worked at
the Mullen Company for A
year twiti or tinne years ago'
'as liaison for Genera: Foods.
In another development,
Bennett said that Mrs. Hunt
picked up some of Hunt's per-
sonal belongings on Monday
from Hunt's desk at the Mul-
len firm.
Bennett said that here was
nothing in the desk bearing any
relation to the Watergate inci-
dent and that Hunt's business
papers already had been given
to the grand jury investigating
the case.
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STATINTI
Approved For Release 20041/4411047.2CIA-RDP
Marquis Childs
Security Set
For Convention
WHEN Chairman Lawrence
.F. O'Brien of the Demo-
cratic National Committee
went to Miami Beach to
take a thorough look at con-
vention arrangements he
.was given a detailed brief-
:ing on security. Ile was to
admit later that it all
seemed a bit superfluous in
light of his long experience
with conventions which,
however turbulent, never
seemed to threaten life and
limb.
Then came the famous
break-in-bugging incident at
Democratic headquarters
here and O'Brien under-
stood the very real need for
the security precautions
being taken at Miami Beach.
It Will be the most security-
conscious national conven-
tion ever held, with routines
bound to cause friction and
resentment.
Farcical though it seemed
at first, the bugging episode
was serious enough in itself.
Here was this insidious
snooping business carried
out by five men with
connections if not with the
-White House, as has been
repeatedly denied, then with
the Committee to Re-elect
President Nixon. Invading
the privacy of a political or-
ganization with the tools of
the snooping trade hardly
comes under the heading of
a free society.
WHAT GIVES the episode
a more ominous look and
ties it in with the tight secu-
rity at the convention is the
connection of the men
caught in the bugging act
with the Cuban exile move-
ment in Florida. Three of
the five men were born in
Cuba. Bernard L. Barker as
a CIA operative had a role
In the abortive Bay of Pigs
invasion. He is said to have
been a conduit for money si-
phoned to the invaders.
According to reports in
the Miami newspapers, Bar-
ker is said to have tried to
obtain from the architect,
. Leonard Glasser, the plans
of the convention hall, in-
cluding details of the air-
conditioning ducts and the have ker wheelOr
catv,,al ks. T h e APiPirOdllenigl-arrKQI garte 1/03/04 : CIA-RDP80-01601R000500050001-4
was that this was for bug-
STATINTL
ging purposes. Yet why try the manager of the late Sen:
to bug a political convention Robert F. Kennedy's cam- -
with radio and television Paign at the time when the
senator was struck down in
constantly listening in?
While the bulk . of the Los Angeles by an assassin's
more than 200,000 Cuban ex. bullet.
lies in and around Miami In the course of barn-
are law-abiding citizens bent storming through the South.
on trying to earn a living in McGovern made a gratui-
a new land, there is a hard tous slap at O'Brien. He in-
core. of passionate anti-Corn- cheated his intention of re-
munist, anti-Castro plotters Placing him after the con-
constantly seeking
ways to vention, although on other occasion he said he
an-
bring Fidel down. Their hit- wanted him to stay. All
terness over President John
F. Kennedy's failure to -.?11g O'Brien has said that
order air strikes to save the he intends to leave when he
invaders trapped on thehlas finished his stint at
beaches knew no bounds. Miami Beach. Replacing
They never cease to lobby who has carried on
for support from the govern- through the dreary and dif-
ment for various schemes to ficult days of deficits, will
cut down Castro's strength. not be easy. If McGovern
means to dispense with all
Sen. George McGovern the pros he will add to the
and certain of his backers handicaps he already suf-
have suggested that It was lc"- ?
time to restudy American E, 1572. United Feature Eyndieets
policy toward Cuba. If the
President could make an
agreement with Moscow,
7.000 miles away, then it
should be possible to get to-
gether with Castro looking
to a relaxation of the meas-
ures that have cut off all re-
lations with the island only
90 miles from the Florida
coast. Castro is just now in
the Soviet Union, presuma-
bly seeking to renegotiate
the agreements costing the
Russians well over $300 mil-
lion a year that keep Cuba
afloat.
IN THE EYES of the
Cuban rebels any suggestion
of peace with Castro is trea-
son. They will fight it with
every means possible. The
nomination of a Democratic
candidate for President
looking, however far in the
future, for normalization of
relations with the dictator,
as relations are on the way
to normalization with China,
is a deep affront.
O'Brien will run an or-
derly and secure convention
if anyone. can. He is a pro
and an extremely able pro.
Whatever the ardent young
MeGovernites may think, it
is pros like O'Brien who
Approved For Release 2001MAR4i CIA-RDP80
3 JUL 1972
CAPERS: to have been just a simple Miami lock-
- smith recruited for the job. But a second
Operation Watergate Cuban, Miami realtor Eugenio Mar-
tinez, had worked for the agency smug-
They wore surgical gloves and car- ling refugees out of Castro's Cuba. A
ried walkie-talkies, a pair of cameras third, Frank Fiorini?who also went by the
And electronic bugging devices. They name Frank Sturgis and several dozen
picked a lock on a basement door, left known aliases?was a U.S. marine turned
the latch taped open and made their soldier-of-fmtune who once smuggled
way up a rear stairwell of a building in
Washington's elegant Watergate com-
plex to the sixth floor. There the five
men jimmied a door to the Democrat-
ic National Committee headquarters,
slipped inside and began rifling the files,
stuffing some documents in boxes, dump-
ing others out on the floor. They made
just one mistake: when the night watch-
man removed the tape on the down-
stairs door, one of the intruders put it
back?and when the watchman checked
the door again, he promptly called the
? police. 'Within minutes, three cops from
the Capital's plain-clothes "mod" squad
burst in on the intruders with guns
drawn. "Don't shoot,": one of the five
shouted. "Y.on've got us."
They had indeed?and with the ar-
rests, Washington had one of the juiciest
political scandals in memory. ? Four of
the five intruders turned out to have
been either agents. or operatives for the
/ Central Intelligence Agency. And one of
the men, James W. McCord, 53, of
Rockville, Md., happened to be both
se,ctuity coordinator for the Committee
for the Re-Election of the President and
a security consultant for the Republican
National Committee. To add to the em-
barrassment of the Administration, both
committees immediately announced that
McCord had resigned some months ago?
only to find out that -he was indeed
working for, them right up to the time
of his arrest.
Integrity: At first, the White House
simply tried to ignore the affair. The
Justice Department announced that the
FBI had entered the case, and that a
- grand jury was ready to receive evi-
dence. High-ranking Republicans vig-
guns for Castro's rebel army, then turned
against the dictator and joined the CIA..
Bernard Barker, 55, who employed Mar-
tinez, was a wealthy, Cuban-born U.S.
citizen, well known in Washington GOP
circles. Barker served, under the code
name "Macho," as one of the key links
between the CIA and Cuban exiles
training in Guatemala for the abortive
Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961. McCord
himself, before he retired two years ago
to set up his own security agency, spent
nineteen years in the CIA security force,
safeguarding agency installations.
'Mission Impossible': All except Mc-
Cord, it developed, checked into the
plush Watergate Hotel, next to the office
building, the day before the raid. Au-
thorities picking through their? quarters
later found what looked like a make-
up room for TV's "Mission Impossible."
Among other things, police confiscated a
kit full of burglary tools, two pairs of
gray, work overalls, a wig and a radio
transceiver. But thd most intriguing items
seized were a pair of address books
listing the name Everette Howard limit
?with the notation beside it, "NV.II."
and "NV. House."
Until recently, Hunt worked as a 5100-
a-day consultant for White Ilouse trou-
bleshooter Charles W. Colson. Colson
hired Hunt during the Pentagon papers
furor last summer, probably to look for
information leaks. And Hunt brought a
wealth of experience to the task. For 21
years, the suave, Ivy League New Yorker
was a CIA field man in Latin America,
Spain and the Far East, churning out no
fewer than 45 science fiction, spy and
detective novels in his spare time. Sig-
nificantly, Hunt served as Barker's boss
orously denied that the party had any in the preparations for the Bay of Pigs
hand in the raid. "There is no place in invasion. When he retired two years ago,
our campaign or in the electoral process
tile career spy went to work for Robert
for this type of activity," declared for- R. Mullen & Co., a Washington-based
mer Attorney .General John Mitchell,
now the head? of the Committee for public-relations- firm whose close ties to
the Re-Election of the President. "We Republican Party leaders gave it ready
access to the White House. Informed by
will not permit or condone it." The Dem-
phone that his name had been linked to
out a note of glee. "This incident raises
ocrats howled nonetheless?and not with-
the case, Hunt reportedly blurted, "Good
the ugliest questions about tileGod!", hung up?and then dropped out
integrity ?
of the political process that I have en- of sight.
countered in a quarter of a century," Still, his name alone was enough to
proclaimed Democratic National Corn-
suggest a link to the White House, and
mittee chairman Lawrence O'Brien, who
the Administration reacted with suitable
horror. Colson, Hunt's old patron, heard
promptly filed a $1 million damage suit
against the COP campaign committee,
the news and roared, "Guilt by associa-
?
Presidential press secretary Ron
"There is certainly a clear line to the tion'?
Ziegler first declined to comment on "a
Committee to Re-Elect the President?
third-rate burglary attempt," then up-
. and there is developing a clear line to
the White lou
se:Approved For Re e
waded itntR 1.'efirAci-,rate" and said the
941-CJAARDR80-01601 R000500050001 -4
I The lines to theu.u.A were c earVirciijin Il. A A"t14411
Cnnzales. 45. anoears e?o.nferc,nce in three months, President
ri 11_,1...
House has had no involvement whatso-
ever in this particular incident."
But that declaration hardly put an
end to the speculation. Theories about
N'hat the five intruders were doing?
and who ordered it done?swept through
Washington like Hurricane Agnes. Dem-
ocratic insiders, skeptical of the FBI's
investigation ("Hell, they're investigat-
? 1ig their own people"), claimed that
the raid was a GOP-inspired fishing ex-
pedition, perhaps with the additional
purpose of replacing a malfunctioning
bug that had been installed earlier. A.
more measured version suggested that
someone?Republicans or others?be-
lieved the Democrats were in possession
of an extremely damaging document--a
hot new chapter in the 1TT affair, per-
haps?and sent the five men in to get it.
ut authorities were. still not discounting
the possibility that the raid may have
been the brainchild of anti-Castro Cuban
extremists who feared that the Demo-
crats were Planning to case relations
with Cuba.
At the weekend, authorities were
looking into possible links between this
raid and two earlier burglaries of the
Democratic headquarters?one of which
took place while the same four Cubans
were registered at Watergate hotel.
And the Committee for. the Re-election
put some private eyes out conducting an
investigation of its own. As one worried
White House staffer put it, "The only ?
way we can prove we're riot guilty is in
find out who is guilty."
?
STATI NTL
enough. One of the group, a Cuban done it. Finally, at his own first news
Approved For Releat23391111911/pECIA-RDP80-0
JUL 1972
the first time. In open court,
Bennett could not be ieached
federal prosecutors revealed
that Douglas Caddy, the at_ fpi comment yesterday about
Caddy's assertion that he had
torney originally retained by
"intimations". that the Mullen
the five suspects, had refused
to testify abut his relation-
firm might be involved with
ship with. Hunt, the CIA.
Hunt was suspended from
Caddy - was also a s k d
whether Robert R. Mullen &
his job as a writer with Ben-
By Carl Bernstein Co.? nett's firm when he failed tothe Washington public '
and Jim Mannrelations firm where he and report to work after his name
Hunt shared an office in 1970 aPPeared in
Washington Post Staf f itcrs press reports
Federal authorities reported ?had ever undertaken it about the Democratic Com-
mittee
yesterday that a force of 150 llor the Central Intelligence break-in.
? "C
ngency.
FBI agents has begun a nation- addy and Bunt were good
friends and the relationship
wide search for Howard E. :Necording to Caddy's. own icontinued after Caddy left'
Hunt, the former White House attorney, the following ex- mre," Bennett told a ,reporter
consultant whose name has change took place in front of
been linked to the suspects the grand jury late last week: ..-c"I;d?fiy., was one of the
charged in the alleged attempt Prosecutor: Did Robert L. cofounVers 'of 'the conserva-
to bug the headquarters of the Mullen Associates ever do an tive oung Americans for
tee.
Democratic National Commit-work, for the CIA? lieeclom and since has been
active in conservative Repoli-
bean activities, according to
associates.
In the . early 1960s, he re-
portedly , was chairman of
Youth for Goldwater and ?
during the same period ?
wrote for Human Events, the
conservative journal of opin-
ion,
According to Caddy, he be-
came involved in the Demo-
cratie National Committee ,
case. when. he received a pre
daWn phone Call from the v.ife,
of one of the men arrested in
the break-in, Belnard L.
Barker.
Mrs. Barker, whose husband
served PS an aide to the CIA
operative who coordinated the
Lay of Pigs Invasion, said she
had been instructed to call
Caddy if she did not hear from
17?the date of the break-in,
her husband by 3 a.m. on June
In addition to Barker, the
other suspects are: James W.
McCord, a retired CIA secur-
ity expert who was security
coordinator for the Committee
to Re-elect* the Pr esiden
Frank A. Sturgis, American
last week that he was the prin-
adventurer with extensive CIA
ci pal organizer of dummy
contacts; Virgin? F. Gonzalez,
campaign committees tO col-
a Miami locksinii.h; and Eu-
of
money for the re-election
genio Martinez, :I salesman for
of President Nixon. He dis-?
Barker's Miami real es tat e
banded the committees, he, firm
said, "When we became front '
page news and a lot of people
got seared."
Robert R. Mullen, the foun-
der of the public relations
firm, was "1993 chairman of
public relations for Nixon-
Agnew, according to a biogra-
phy he supplied "Who's Who."
eluding an unloaded pistol and Mullen and Bennett are also
a walkie-talkie had been the principal stockholders of
turned over to the FBI.
an affiliated firm called Inter-
The, same day, hunt's namewhich was founded
in 1971 to foster trade with
was publicly linked to the Communist tuitions.
grand jury's investiApprOved For Re i ease 2001/0 /04: CIA-RDP80-01601R000500050001-4
IFBI Seeks
Man Liked
To 'Bug' Cas?
S
STATINTLTATINTL
Caddy: I have no personal
Hunt is being sought for knowledge of that.
questioning by the, federal Prosecutor: Do you have any
grand jury that is investigat- -piker knowledge?
ung the break-in and alleged Caddy: I received intima-
bugging incident, according to lions that this might be true.
federal sources close to the in-
vestigation. Prosecutor: From whom did
Spokesmen for the FBI and youreceive intimations?
the office of the United States; At ? that point in the ques-
Attorney hose refused yester- _Honing. Caddy invoked an
day to say whether a subpoena allorneY-elient privilege and
has been issued to compel refused to testify.
Hunt to appear before the In Friday's open-court hear-
grand jury, ing before Chief Judge John
However, law enforcement J. Silica of U.S. District Court,
officials said it would be un- nowever. Caddy was ordered
likely for the FBI to undertake to testify in any subsequent
a major search for limit with- appearances before the grand
out a subpoena, particularly jury. Immediately after the
in view of reports that he re- hearing, at which Sirica said
fused to cooperate with FBI the questions asked of the
agents when they attempted to attorney were fair, Caddy was
interview him about 10 days again sununoned before the
ago, grand jury.
Hunt, whom name was The Mullen public relations
found in?..I.,brsonal phone, firm, which has offices at 1700
books of two of the five sus- PelmsYlvania Ave" NW' is
peels at-rested June 17 inside' headed by. Robert F. Bennett,
the son of conservative Repub-?
Democratic headquarters at Lean Sen. Wallace Bennett of
The Watergate, 2600 Virginia Utah.
Ave. NW, worked for the Robert Bennett confirmed
Central Intelligence Agency
from 1949 to. 1970. He was
hired as a $.100-a-day White
House consultant on the
recommendation of Charles W,
Colson, a behind-the-scenes
political strategist who is
special :counsel to President
.Nixon. ?
On Friday, the Justice De-
partment said that the con-
tentS of Hunt's desk in the
Executive Office Building?in-
WASHINGTON EMT
Approved For ReleassiZaticrif04 : CIA-RDP80-0
-uri 2 6-11 in C.1
(TI 0
.kt.L0
631 6Li.,..11 17.1
.
? By Peter Jay ground as a Serious threat at things in a Flew way. The
Washington post Staff Writer to the peace?either domes- Miami Herald says all Cu-
MIAMI?When 26-year-old tic or international. But bans want to stay here, but
Teresa Torres stepped out with Cuban demonstrations that's not tore. We want to
' of a small airplane over promised for both of this free our country."
Hiamestead Airport south of summer's national political Abdala described by an
here last Sunday to make conventions in Miami Beach, American student of Latin "That's the kind of thing
her second parachute jump, there has been a re-awaken- affairs as ''a hotshot group that renews interest," . said
she wasn't simply doing it log of official interest in the of young intellectuals, and an American here, who fol-
for sport. activities- of the exile corn- tough." Its members hint lows exile activities closely.
"After that raid, Alpha was
She was an exile from - monit.v.' swamped by thousands of
they are conducting military
Fidel Castro's Cuba, where Also, the June 17 arrest of training, but most of their
her parents live and her five men?three of them activities have been demon-
people wanting to join and
brother is said to be impris- from M give money, Now it's slowediami and all with a strations and protests. down again:'
oned, and after her para- background in intelligence, If either the Iteplailican
' chute failed to open and she anti-Castro activity or both or Democratic conventions Alpha 66 has stayed stu-
fell to her death a major while allegedly attempt- move to call for establish-
diously away from American
Cuban exile group here an- ing to bug Democratic head- ment of diplomatie relations politics. "All we ask of the
-
flounced that she had been quarters in Washington has between the United States United States is that they
not try and prevent us from
making the jump as part of focused new attention on the and Castro's Cuba, Miss Al not
our country," Sar-
their military training pro 7 exiles. ? varado says, "We will react gen says. But other groups
Sar-
gram. It is the conventional wis- in a very strong way.'
have been drawn inexorably
It has been 11 years since dom in Miami that despite The Abdala members are into taking stands on Ameri-
4he. doomed amphibious as- the plottings of fringe defensively sensitive to. can issues.
a- sault at the Bay of Pigs, and groups most Cuban refugees charges that they represent Perhaps the largest Cuban
as the time. has passed' Mi- are happy here and proba- a rightist position. "We
. ami's more than 203,000 Cu- bly.wouldn't return to Cuba don't consider ourselves to political organization here
-
bans have grown richer and to stay even if they could. be right-wing," ?relative strengths are, said Ruben hard to estimate because no
more comfortable in their Cuban family income, it is Lopez, 33. eWe consider Cas- group will provide realistic
- exile. But the dream of pointed out, is relatively tro to be reactionary. Don't membership figures?is
S8,000 a year, lump us with the John Birch
someday toppling Castro high?over
and . returning home in compared to S9,200 for the Society." something called the Execu-
triumph dies hard. arca as a whole and under Other groups that form live Liberation Committee.
-
There are at least a score $6,000 for blacks. part of what might A sort of umbrella group. loosely incorporating various small
of organizations here with Officials here also main- be called the Cuban under- factions, the committee is
the avowed purpose of re- tin that there is an impor- ground here are much less preparing demonstrations at
storing non-communist rule tant generation gap in the fussy about ideological ap- the conventions. It has also
to Cuba. Some of them have Cuban community, and that pearances. supported President Nixon's
only one or two members, young Cubans who have Andres Nazario Sargen -is mining of the North Viet-
and others are little more lived in. the United States ?a leathery former tobacco namese coast and opposed
-than social clubs like the since they were small chie farmer who fought against his moves towad better rela-
Bay of Pigs Veterans Asso- dren do not share their par- the regime of Fulgeneto Ba- lions with China and the So-
ciation, whose middle-aged ens' fervent anti-Castro son- tista in Cuba and for the viet Union?in contrast, for
members--about 500?gen- timents or nostalgia for past 12 'years has been in example, to Abdala, whose
crally confine their mai- their homeland. Miami plotting to overthrow members say they support
Laney to talk. This may or ?may not be Castro-
But others are still capa- true. In the drive-in restau. Sargen heads an organiza- a-
peYaces.teps to ward world
tion called Alpha 66 that
ble of action: demonstra- rants of Miami's thoroughly . .
The committee's leader is .
claims a membership of
tions, small-scale bombings, Latin -mule Havana. see.
? even ark occasional hit-and- tion, it is easy to fitid Cuban 10,000 in the U.S. and other Tomas Cruz, a 41.-year-old
Cuban Negro who served in
run raid against outposts on teenagers lounging in their C a r i b b e a n nal i ons?al-
the army under Batista and
the Cuban coast?operations cars who will say they have though non-members in the later participated .in the Bay
Cuban community here say
that must evade both the no interest at all in Cuba or
Cuban navy and the U.S. their parents' politics, that estimate is grossly 'in- of Pigs invasion. He was
Coast Guard. But listen to 27-year-oldflated. captured, held for nearly
One organization, Alpha Ella Alvarado, the Miami co- "Our task ? is not to over- two years, and eventually
66, says it has "thousands" ordinator of an anti-Castro
led Ab- throw Castro from the out- released.
of cells within Cuba whose youth movement cal
side .
members are ready to arise but to organize Cruz says he, like Alpha
dala (after a patriotic poem a
poet Jose .within," says Sargon. "We 66's Sargen, emphasizes roil-
at the propitious moment by the Cuban
and seize the country from Marti): . are now in the final stage:. itary training and recruit-
Castro..
.. ? .,.
. 'American law enforce-' students to have from politi- than the other exile organi-
it was foi the committee
. ment officials here, both cal ideas. But when they get zedions, emphasizes military that Teresa Torres entered
? local and fedoral'AP*Odd to6rgeleate6126061/611641' clAiltDO
,,,,,,..,8esologisigutinil,
othas. 0 1.-4
811 ' ?
gard Miami's Cu a r- ? - ? ati-un .
vontltund
The last suCh raid. of, any
size occurred two years ago,
when a small force landed,
went inland and shot up a
few provincial jails.
"It's hard for high school Alpha 66, perhaps more ment of young Cubans. And
STATI NTL
fa E
1.1 fl
r,
Approved For Release 29i94913M/iTclA-RDP80-
1 JULY 1972
By PAUL BETHEL
Those Americans who are upset by
President Nixon's overtures to Red
China will be positively appalled to see
what effect these overtures are having
among nations of the Western Hemi-
sphere. Almost completely- overlooked
by our press, the interposition of Red
China into the affairs of Latin America
bodes ill for future tranquillity in our
strategic back yard.
Some argue that apparent U.S.-Red There is a general feeling in Latin Though there is no embassy in Pan-
China rapprochement %yin somehow America that they shonld rush to exploit ama, the bid to lodge one there is appar-
exert leverage on the. Kremlin to lessen - a market of 800 million Chinese, and it ent with Peking's endorsement- of Pan-
its hold on Cuba and diminish Soviet is generally held that President Nixon's ama's sovereignty over the U.S.-con-
interest in 'Latin America. With the U.S. overtures are based on a promising trade trolled Canal Zone. The Chinese have
bent on a course of friendship with Mao, future for the U.S. Actually, the pos- also announced support for the denu-.-
this argument runs, the Russians will sibilities of healthy trade relations are elearization of Latin America. ?
begin to make their own overtures of remote, since most of what Latin Amer- For years the State Department (often
.friendship to us by "relieving tensions". ica .produCes is of low priority to Mao's flying in the face of hard facts to the
caused, by increasing Soviet diplomatic state-directed economy. Nevertheless, contrary) blamed "Maoists" for much of
and trade thrusts into Latin America. the Red Chinese are exploiting this senti- the terrorism in Latin America. The re- .
ment and doing so for what obviously cord is filled with references in the past
are political reasons. to "pro-Peking" groups operating in
The payoff for Mao has been hand- such far-flung places as Argentina, Bra-
some. Two years ago the Red Chinese zil and Uruguay. Castro was for years
had embassies only in Havana and Santi- said by State Department spokesmen
ago, Chile. Today (and this has happened to be following "the more militant Mao-
just since President Nixon's July 1971 ist line," in contrast to what was loudly
Faced with a Red Chinese challenge, it announcement of his impending journey proclaimed to be the "conventional"
seems logical that the Russians will not to Peking), five Latin American coun- Soviet approach toward normalization
.only try to hold onto what they have but tries have opened diplomatic relations of trade and diplomatic relation.
will increase their efforts to obtain more and three more are committed to do so First Mexico and now Bolivia demon-
client states. The total effect is hardly in the immediate future. strate that the Soviets are no less "min-
one to be desired, and perhaps not. evenin their subversive efforts than the
Costa Rica, El Salvador, Brazil, Ecua- tant"
considered by White House and State dor and Colombia have sent official and "Maoists" were said to be some years
Department "globalists" when they set semi-official trade missions to Peking back. In these two countries the Soviet
out to exploit Russian-Chinese differ- embassies Were found not only to have
ences. What they have done is set the and may open both trade and diplomatic
backed guerrilla operations but to have
stage in Latin America for increasing relations within the year. Indeed, the un-7.
sent cadres to North Korea for military
Red China-Soviet Union clashes, thus seemly rush by Latin American nations
adding to the process of disintegration of to cozy up to Red China is even more tfaining and political indoctrination.
the U.S. position. accelerated than their acceptance of One can only wonder what will happen
Soviet embassies during the 1960s. with Maoists now happily ensconced in
their own embassies in Latin America.
STATI NTL
nil r)J-7, r\LL
.,!??
?
fl 9
nvpp er\
6 t; 'Li
STATI NTL
ing seized them from Canada). Prime With their embassy established in
Minister Forbes Burnham says that _Lima, Peking's rulers immediately an-
Peking will purchase more than S.5.00,- nounced support for the 200-mile man-
000 worth from Guyana through a .per.7 time limit claimed by several Latin
manent seven-member Chinese ;trade American countries. The U.S. holds to
mission now lodged in the country. The the more conventional claim of a 12-
mission also signed a 815-million trade mile fishing limit, a source of friction as
agreement covering a five-year period, well as revenue (millions raked in by
and any day now Peking will, have its Ecuador and Peru in fines from U.S.
embassy in the capital of Georgetown. tuna vessels).
The opposite appears to be -the
case. What we can expect is an in-
crease in tensions as the Red Chinese
move into this hemisphere to chat- -
lenge Russia in its power struggle
with the U.S.
The effect of the announcement last
July by President Nixon that he would
visit Red China was electric. Almost
immediately, Latin American countries
began to reconsider their position toward
Nationalist China and commenced talks
with Mao's representatives. Up until
then, interest in Red China was.minimaL
even non-existent. Since then, it is appar-
ent that the Red Chinese have made
extensive gains diplomatically and com-
mercially.
The tactic of the Chinese is not ap-
preciably different from those employed One thing seems certain. If one
by the Russians. Peru opened relations . accepts the argument that the Soviet-
with Peking last November, swallowing Red China dispute is real, logic says
as bait the promise that it would receive that this dispute will now extend to
'a 841-million, interest-free loan, repay- the Western Hemisphere. .
_able in goods from Peru. Marxist Chile
? accepted a similar loan for 865 million, The Russians can hardly be happy at
-
while other Latin states strain to obtain the prospect of Peking moving into
the same treatment. ? what the Communist world has for years
? There is hard eridenee that, given
The new state itt. roved izemiciReied&A0041)WRIFf?adiAti3
ing turning over its bauxite mines to the Presicent i on s t l
Red Chinese for exploitation (after hay- Chinese intend to use it agrzinst us.
? accepted as an area of Soviet interest
and exploitation. Moreover, the Krem-
0-01601R0005000500043.4uba and
the balance .of Latin America from the
standpoint of big power politics to stand
Approved For Release S0111RWAIFCIA-RDP80-01601
1 JUL 1972
;
Political Intrigue
Former White Llouse consultant Howard E. Hunt, Jr., ?
implicated in the bugging of the Democratic National s/
Committee, is a retired CIA employee. He is also the
author, under the alias David St. John, of such thrill- ,/
ers as On Hazardous Duly and The Towers of Silence.
In the latter epic, the hero is placed in a funerary tower
? ?
in Bombay. The slow-winged vultures circle closer to
their victim, ready to rend flesh from bone. Nothing
like that is likely to happen to Hunt in this, latet in-
cident. When asked about his role, why two of tlie de-
tainees had his phone number, his reply to a reporter
was: "Good God!" After a pause, he vent on: "In view
that the matter is under adjudication I have no com-
ment." He's had no comment either for the FBI agents
investigating the case. With both the White House
and the Committee to Reelect Nixon apparently in-
volved, Hunt may have no more serious problem than
developing a new alias. ?
From events so far,, it would appear that Charles
Colson, Nixon's aide for dirty tricks, used Hunt as a
consultant. And over at the Committee to Reelect
the, President, regular employee James W. McCord,
also a retired CIA employee, was the alleged leader of
the five-man team (the other four were Cuban free-
dom fighters, also with CIA connections) that con-
ducted the surreptitious entry of the Democrats' Water-
gate Hotel suite, apparently to photograph documents
and plant (or remove) audio surveillance devices.
(John and Martha Mitchell are also among the Watei -
gate's famous tenants.)
The White House, initially at least, tried -to_ ignore
the incident as "a third rate burglar attempt," which
Ron Ziegler said was unworthy of further comment.
The DemoccaLs are suing the Republicans for invasion
of pi ivacy and taking it all very sehously, which they
have, every right to do.
With the apparatus of Justice in the hands of Richard
Kleindienst, what kind of FBI investigation can one
expect?
7
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STATI NTL
o n
n
Li
By PATRICK COLLIrs:S
Several Presidential aides stood by and
watched as federal authorities removed a pis-
tol, diagrams of the Democratic National
Headquarters, and an electronic eaves drop-
? ping device from Howard E. Hunt's desk in
the Old _Executive 'Office Building next to the
-White House, The Washington Daily News
learned today.
The seizure occured about a week ago when
federal officials discovered Mr. Hunt had a
desk located in the office suite of Charles Col-
son, special counsel to the President.
DENIAL
However, the Justice Department yesterday
denied that any plans of Democratic headquar-
ters or a bug had been found in the desk. A
spokesman said a .25 caliber Colt and half of a
two-way intercom system, "like a walkie-talk-
ie," were found.
e Justice spokesman Jack W. Hustler' said,
"About 95 per cent of that story (yesterday's
News report) is incorrect."
The News' sources today insisted that their
information was accurate.
? The sources told the Daily News that in the
presence of several White House aides the
locked desk was opened and from the drawers
Officials removed:
- ? A fully loaded Spanish made automatic
pistol.
? Floor plans Of the Democratic offices irt
the Watergate Building.
? A partially dismantled "bug" similar to
the ones confiscated from the the men arrest-
ed in the burglary of the Democratic Head-
quarters, June' 17;
Also taken from Mr. Hunt's desk was a man-
ual on the use and operation of the electronic
surveillance equipment.
Sources said the contents of the desk were
placed in an envelope by the federal authorie-
ties, who left the office soon after the search,.
-Yesterday, a spokesman for the White House
called the News to say. that Mr. Hunt did not
have a desk in Mr. Colson's office, but had an
office of his own on the third floor of the Old
Executive Office Building.
But other sources said that Mr. Hunt's desk
was in a part of a Suite of offices assigned-to
Mr. Colson. .?
An. assiStant U.S. attorney said yesterday
that the federal ..authorities did not need a
search warrant since they have a right to
.search abancioned.property left on federal pro-
__
-
perty. "That doesn't mean- a warrant wasn't
used," the attorney said.
In an unusual court action yesterday, Doug-
las Caddy, the first attorney for th-e. bugging
suspects, was ordered by Judge John J. Sirica
to testify before a grand jury on his connection
with Mr. Hunt.
During the hearing, Asst. U.S. Atty. Fart J.
Silbert said that Mr. Caddy had been called to
testify Thursday in the investigation of possi-
ble `-`unlawful interception of wire communica-
tions" and "unlawful possession of wire de=
vices."
. .
Mr. Caddy then refused to _discuss his ties
with Mr. Hunt, claiming a lawyer-client rela-
tioaship. ? ? ? -
After Judge Sirica's ruling Mr. Caddy again
went before the grand jury. -
Mr. Hunt vanished after he was first linked
to the bagging plot when police found his
name and phone number in the address books
of two of the burglary suspects.
Before he disappeared, the FBI did talk to
Mr. Hunt, but agents reported that he ducted
most of their questions and "shed no light on
the invesiig'ation."
Mr: Hunt. 54, a CIA agent from 1919 to 1970
was a writer for the public relations firm of
Rabert R. Mullett whose offices are diagonally
across the street from the White House. He
served as a part time consultant to the Presi-
dent on de-classification of the Pentagon Pap-
ers and on narcotics law enforcement. He was
last seen at the White House, sources said, on
March 29.
BAY OF PIGS
As a CIA agent Mr. Hunt was involved in
the planning for the Bay of Pigs invasion
where?he became closely associated with one
of the burglary suspects Bernard Barker, then
'assigned to coordinate exiled Cubans for the
invasion. -
Mr. Barker and four other, men, all wearing
' surgical gloves were .captured by .police in the
inner offices of the Democratic National Head-
quarters, on the sixth floor of the Watergate
Office Building, 2600 Virginia-av nw. ? ?
Police saY -the men were. there to remove,
"'dead bugs" hidden in the offices earlier. ?
Besides Mr. Barker, police have charged:
James McCord, an ex FBI agent and CIA em-
ploye, then chief security advisor for the GOP;
Frank Fiorini, a mercenary who fought for
?Castro and later defected to lead anti Castro
groups in Miami; Eugenio Ma rtineK, a
wealthy Miami real estate broker and Virgitia
.Gonzalez, a locksmith associated with anti-
-Castro campaigns. ? ? ? ? ?
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wh:31-1:NG,WJ 351
Approved For Release 20131#63/542: CIA-IMPENCI
Jury Probes
Lawyer in
'Bug' Case
By Bob Woodward
and Jim Mann
Washington Post Staff Writers .
A former White House con- i
.sultant and a lawyer who hasi
(represented the five suspects
in the bugging attempt at the
. Democratic National Head-
quarters were linked yester-
day for the first time to grand
jury and FBI investigations of
the incident, when be received a Predawn sonallv with U.S. Attorney
' During an extrordinary call from the wife of Bernard Harold II. Titus Jr. to request
court proceeding yesterday, it L. Barker, one of the five. that. Caddy be provided in ad-
''as revealed that. the attor- suspects. vance with a set of written
ey, Douglas. Caddy, has been According to Caddy, Mrs. questions he would be asked
questioned at least twice Barker was instructed to call by the grand jury. The Ina-
after his name and home tele- ful possession- of wire de..
phone number were found in vices", as well as for local bur-
address books taken from two glary charges.
of the five suspects.
Hunt, who has since
dropped from sight, was hired
as a $100-a-day White House
consultant on the recommen-
dation of the President's spe-
cial counsel, Charles W. Col-
son, a behind-the-scenes politi-
cal strategist.
Yesterday, Colson refused to
discuss the matter but a secre-
tary in his .offiee said: "It's ri-
diculous, it's ridiculous, the
whole thing."
Caddy has said he first be-
came involved in the case
? It was the first public disclo-
sure of specific federal-
charges under consideration.
Silbert did not say who might
be subject to those charges.
He told Sirica that Caddy's
conduct was "specious, dila-
tory and . . . an obstruction
of justice."
Urban A. Lester, one of
three attorneys representing
Caddy yesterday, told the
judge that Caddy was refusing
to testify because "Once you
answer one question, that
-leads to another question." ?
Lester said he had met per-
about the possible involve. Caddy if she did not hear pose, Lester said, was "to save
ment of the Central Intelli- from her husband by 3 a.m. on the grand jury's time and this
gence Agency in the case. June 17?the date of the court's time." Titus rejected
And Caddy was ordered to break-in. , the request, Lester said. named Democratic Prcidcn-
:estify before a federal grand During 1969 and 1970, Caddy He also asked Sirica for per- tint
candidate has planted two
jury about his relationship and Hunt shared an office at mission to go over the ques? wq:?kers 'in the Nixt-to cam?
with Howard Hunt, the one- ' Robert R. Mullen & Co., a
time White House consultant.
incident squarely into the;
Presidential campaign.
? Metropolitan police and
the FBI say they are looking'
for four more persons in:
connection with the incident.
? A diagram of the Miami
Beach headquarters of Demo-
cratic presidential candidate
Sen. George S. McGovern was
among the items found in the
suspects' belongings.
* Suspect Pernarci L, Bar-
ker, real estate agent .
and (IX operative in the abor-
ive Bay of Pigs invasion, at-:
tempted last year to obtain
blueprints, of the air condi; inn-
ing duets in the Miami Bc.-ieh
COnventinn hall, according to a
Miami architect.
O The Nixon committee re-
ported that two relativel im-
port ant campaign strafe*,
mcmcs were missing from its
offices across from the
House, and charged that ao 1111-
Also yesterday, the Justice
Department said that the con-
tents of Hunt's desk in the old
Executive Office Building in-
cluded a walkie talkie and an
unloaded pistol and have been
turned over to the FBI.
In the proceeding, U.S.
District courtCourt Chief Judge here," Robert F. Bennett, pres-.
had worked for the Miami recently for thons-
John J. Sirica rejected Caddy's ident of the Mullen firm, told
Caddy answered that he lizrd ands of Young Republicans to
contention that he did not a report?. last ?,eek.
not, Lester said. attend their- party's national
Caddy, 34, was one of the co-
Washington public relations
firm where Ilunt worked as a
writer until last week when he.
was suspended. the questioning of Caddy had
tions that might be asked of ptti-gn committee. Former .M-
Caddy in advance inthe torney General John N. ,i itch-
judge's chambers, hut Silica ell, the Nixon campaign chair-
refused. man, is conducting an hide-
Lester told_ the judge that pendent investigation into the
entire matter.
'Caddy and Hunt were good
gone far beyond his relation-
friends and the relationship
ship with Bunt. He said Caddy and Eugenio H. Martinez both
continued after Caddy left had been asked whether he attempted to secure bolls:mg!
? Suspect Frank A. Sturgis
have to testify about Hunt be-
fore the grand jury -because
he was Hunt's attorney.
founders of the conservative
At the end of the hearing, convention in August. The
the judge said, "I don't think
Yotmg Americans for Free- Young Republicans have de.
Accordingly, Caddy was .
again brought before the g,rancf dont and has since been active.
jury, which is now
hearing in conservative Republican ac-1
I
evidence in the break-in and tivities'
according to asso-
I
alleged bugging attempt. ciates.
In making the disclosure
Bunt, a CIA employee from
about the gun and walkie-tal-
19.19 to 1970, is also the author of some 42 novels, including a
Hushen, chief spokesman for m i
I
kie found in Hunt's desk, Jack.
recent mystery that is set in ;
Justice Department, denied a Blues Alley, a Georgetown
jazz club that he patronizes, 1
m
I' going to make any excep-1
lion in this case," and ordered!,
v/Caddy to testify before the
grand jury. Ile said the ques-
tions put to Caddy were fair
report that plans of the Demo-
according to his publisher.
erats' ? headquarters and an
In the cout hearing yester-
e ee
Were also found there.
day, Assistant U.S. Attorney
But, the Justice Department Earl J. Silbert told the judge
noted, the gun and walkie-
that Caddy was first called by
talkie found were turned over the grand jury on Thursday.
to the FBI voluntarily by the When asked about Hunt,
White House staff. Caddy invoked the attorney-
It could not be learned if client privilege, refused to tes-
the walkie-talkie operated on tify and then asked to leave
t
the same special frequencies the grand jury room and con-
that ? wcre assigned for the suit with his own attorneys,
walkie-talkies taken from the
1Silbert told the judge that
tive suspects 4arrested inside'
the Democrats' headquarters. the grand jury is investigating'
Hunt was first connected tol, for possible federal charges or
Silbert said.
ones.
Since the arrest at 2:30 a.m.
June 17 inside the sixth floor
suite of the Democratic head-
quarters in the Watergate;
2600 Virginia Ave., NW, the
case has taken the following
turns:
? One of the suspects, James
W. McCord Jr., a former FBI
and CIA agent, was identified
as the security chief to the
Committee for the Re-Election
of the President and a Secu-
rity consultant to the Republi-
can National Committee. Mc-
Cord, now free on bond, was
fired from both posts. ,
? The Democratic National
Committee filed 3 SI million
civil suit against the Nixon re-
nied any knowledge of these
efforts.
? Martinez, a Miami lock-
smith, was released from jail
yesterday after posting a bond
of $4,000 cash. Sturgis, Barker
and Virgin() Gonzalez remain
in D.C. Jail.
STATI NTL
cratic headquartersflasi "W"eEk j comrhiitile'lffelF 48M
the bugging incitigriii ph4whi? fv.e teslAISW,Pitgl.,-060 R000500050001-4.
ac 1- 4?????? a 44?0 ? ? I 14
STATI NTL
Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RD
CLEMAND, OHIO
PLAIN DEAT,ER
)A ? 409,414
8 -a
(772dd ..S.1-:th:cin
''Nhi.1 Makes Presidents Popular
Late in? March the Gallup Poll showed
President. Nixon's approval rating was 53%.
In words, that meant "so-so."
- 0 n March 30 the North .Vietnamese
started their_ big offen-
sive. Their military
hero, Gen. ' Giap, said
this was to be the drive
to final victory :over the
Saigon government.
Hanoi's army seemed
invincible.
On MaY 8 President
Nixon went ta' TV. He
announced -that he had
ordered mine's? sown
around North Vietnam's ports, that U.S. air
and naval units should cut all land and sea
routes to choke off arms being delivered to
Hanoi's attacking troops.
Hanoi and the harbor city of Haiphong
were bombed. There Was some speculation ?
among smart 'foreign affairs pen,Ae that
-Russian boss Leonid I. Brezhnev might
cancel the 't :Aline- summit , meeting. He
might tell Mr. Nixon to stay home.
BUT WHILE American airmen
dropped smarter and smarter bombs on
. more and more North Vietnamese targets
nearer and nearer China, Mr. Nixon coolly
went ahead on his planned trip to Moscow.
He got there May 22 and promptly went to
work signing agreements ? the arms limit
treaty on May 26:
From May 26 to May 29 the Gallup Poll
went out asking its standard question: "Do
you approve or disapprove of the way Mr.
Nixon is handling his job as President?"
Guess what, the score was. Mr. Nixon
hit his higlies Point in popularity in almost
two years. He was up to 61% approval.
Now, all,the advanced thinkers ? espe-
cially the reading and writing types who
keep inhaling, and exhaling each _other's
ideas untitmll?thc oxygen is gone out of
SIMON
them ? would have been surprised if they
had noticed this upturn in the Nixon rating:
. This upturn proves something .about
America and presidential politics. Down
, below the public debates there is a deep,
strong current of nationalism. Today it is
unpopular even to talk about such matters.
In some quarters the word "patriotism" is
-considered obscene.
But?Mr. Nixon scored 61% when the
advanced thinkers thought he must be
blowing the whole presidential ball game.
STRANGELY, presidential popularity
rises when any president faces any kind of
international crisis and takes strong action
to meet that crisis.
Burns Roper, the polling expert, did a
fine analysis of this odd phenomenon in
January of 1969.
A president can win a higher approval
score even with a bad play on the interna-
tional stage. The Bay of Pigs fiasco
brought John F. Kennedy's approval score
UI) to 83%, though Fidel Castro made the
Cuban invaders, the.?.c-, the United States
and the White House look foolish.
Roper found that "Domestic events
tend to hurt the president whatever he does
about them. He is damned if he does and
damned if he doesn't." But on the foreign
scene the public "clearly wants strong, de-
cisive action from the president."
Certainly Mr. Nixon's aggressive ac-
tion did not assure him of re-election this
November. There are months of campaign-
ing. comparisons and new events between.
now and then which will alter that 61%
score., And a 61% approval score does not
match electoral vote patterns.
Still, 61% is higher than President Ken-
nedy rated just before he was assassinated
in November 1963. as his chances of re-
election- were being assessed by the ad-
vanced thinkers mentioned above.
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c, ? - --
Approved For Reiease 2001703/04 .:CIA-RDP80-01
3O JUN 1972
nfl
s
(7.z 7,1 r, .3 7 (i,ca
Li ii LA s1/4&,.7)
(1-. v'i/7 )77 \ rlf 7: 11 C7, (-f:n
(
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
Qrtt?A ' teetti lat,t - L.1 LI ?-,::'17:.;) tt;)
-
By PATRICK COLLINS
Federal authorities have seized a fully load-
ed Spanish-made automatic pistol, diagrams of
the Democratic National Committee headquar-
ters 'and an electronic eavesdropping device
' from Howard H. Hunt's desk in the Old Execu-
tive Office Building next door to the White
House, The Washingtol Daily News learned
today.
.Sources Say the federal officers searched
Mr. Hunt's desk, located in the office suite of
Charles Colson, special counsel to 'President
Nixon. The found floor plans of the De,rocral-
ic offices in the Watergate building tind what
was described as a "partially dismamled hug"
similar to ones taken from give men
,breaking in the Democratic headquarters,
June 17.
Mr. Hunt was first linked to the bugging plot
when lawmen discovered his name and phone
number in the address boo!:s of two of the
burgiary suspects. Police seid that next to his
name, in one of the books was the notation "W.
House," and in the other book Mr. Hunt's
.name was followed by .the inscription "W.H."
. , After this discovery, the FBI quizzed Mr.
Hunt but agents reported that he avoided most
of their questions and "shed no light on the
investigation."
That was the last communication police are
known to have had with Mr. Hunt who broke
contacts with his friends and employer here
? and "disappeared" afte,r he became publically
connected with the burglary suspects.
?Mr. Hunt, 54, a writer for the public rela-
'tions firm of Robert R. Mullen whose offices
are diagonally across the street from the
White House, had been working as a special
consultant to the President on the de-classi-
fication of the Pentagon Papers and on nar-
cotics law enforcement. He was last reported
at the White House on March 29.
r:17:71?
ofl
(771`'.'
Ltt,
Police are actively investigating a burglary told The Washington Daily News that thE
of a Federal Reserve office, which some inves- names of former Sen. George Srnathers are:
tigators feel may be related to the bugging of Rep. Dante Fascell, D-Fla., have been place::
the Democratic National Committee,
on the visiting list of one of the suspect:
On IVfay 5, the Federal Reserve officer, lo-
cated on the eighth floor of the Watergate Of-
fice Building, were broken into, police said. Without their knowledge, Frank Fiorini, add
They said that five locked file cabinets con- ed the names of both politican'to his visitim
taming plans weri jimmied open. list, which would allow them to come and tali
A spokesman for the office said that nothing to Mr. Fiorini.
appeared to be missing and that the papers in But both Sen. Smothers and Rep. Fasce'
the file would not be of any value to someone deny ever knowing Mr. Fiorini or ever tryin,
who might be cohtemplating the robbery .of a to contact him. "I wouldn't recognize the gu
Federal Reserve Bank. ? if he walked in the door and stood right i
In another development yesterday, sources front of my face," Sen. Smothers said.
rt?sit.le Mr. Barker, police have chargee
...t...--
Helms and conservative columnist William F. i ? Janes McCord, an ex-FBI agent and CIA
Buckley.
' plove who was chief .of security for the GOl
Five days after the burglary the Mullen Co. and the Committee for the Re-Election of th
"suspended" Mr. Hunt. A spokesman said yes-
terday that Mr. Hunt had made one long dis- President; Frank Fiorini, a soldier of fortur who fought for Castro and later defected
tance call to the office since that time, but he t
? made it a point not- in
ro tell us where he was.,,
lead anti-Castro groups in Miami; F.ugeui
and
Martinez a wealthy Miami real estate broke
As a CIA agent Mr. Hunt was involved
the planning for the ill-fated Bay of Pigs inv - Virgilio Gonzalez, a locksmith associate
b A
with anti-Castro groups.
j ?
sion where he worked closely with one of the ?
burglary suspects, Bernard Barker, then as-
signed to coordinate exiled Cubans for the in-
vasion.
Earlier this month, officials say, Mr. Hunt
traveled to Miami where be met with Mr.
Barker.
Long after the Bay of Pigs and his work
with the CIA, sources said Mr. Hunt continued.
Tho he had a desk in Mr. Colson's office to support the anti-Castro Cubans exiled in
suite, White House sources said that Mr. Hunt Mlarni?
. tive building. . - Who's Who as a former writer for Life maga-
Mr. Hunt, author of 42 novels, is listed in
often worked for other officials in the Execu-
Mr. Colson, described as a behind-the-scenes zine and a contributor to political journals. He
man for the President, yesterday refused to owns a $209,000 estate in the prestigious Poto-
answer any phone calls concerning the search mac area of Montgomery County.
?erotic offices.
of Mr. Hunt's desk or the bugging of the Dem-
Meanwhile the FBI and local police continue
, - ' to assemble evidence for the grand jury inves-
The two men met in 1966 at the Brown lini- tigation of the burglary in which the five men,
versity Club where Mr. Colson served as?presi- alt wearing surgical gloves, were cornered by
son, a White' House spokesman said, recom- police in the inner offices of the Democratic
dent and Mr. Hunt as vice president. Mr. Col-
, headquarters on the sixth' floor of the Water-
mended Mr. Hunt for the consulting job at the
( gate Office Building at 2690 Virginia-a\'OW.White House.
Approved For eleaie02,0C110'310,tts CAABORtir4ITAI01R000500050001-4
hired by the Mullen firm two years ago with
as were in t ie office'to
Mr. Hunt, a CIA agent Trom 1949 to 19 0 w
nminrenronnfc emplaced eirlier in the Democratic offices.
frnnl CIA director Richard
CRICV:Ci0
Approved For Release25191/B/9617i.CIA-RD
Nick Thinunesch
-1-1. iT
11
1 ti
IL/4 0
0
WASHINGTON?F r o m ? the capital
which gave you. Daniel Ellsberg, the
Pentagon Papers, and the stolen and
Xeroxed thoughts of Henry Kissinger,
we now present the case of "Who Is
That Chief Security Man for the
G. 0. P., and Why Is He Charged with
Breaking Into Democratic National
Headquarters?"
lie is James Walter McCord Jr., 53,
a quiet family man and churchgoing
gent who worked for the CIA for 19
years, retiring to start his own seeurity
agency. McCord and four associates
who look like the remnants of a Bay of
Pigs invasion force were arrested in-
side Larry O'Brien's sanctuary, the
Democ:ratic National Committee offices
? in the posh Watergate building complex
here.
They were equipped with rubber
gloves, electronic bugging devices,
photographic gear, tear gas pens, and
obviously were not on . O'Brien's prem-
ises to be inspired by Democratic cam-
paign literature.
Why they were there might be
spelled out in their federal court trial
or in the $1 million civil case filed by
O'Brien where he charged the Commit-
tee to Reelect the President with inva-
sion of privacy and violating the civil
rights of Democrats.
Holds Contract with G. 0. P.
What really bugs O'Brien filo pun
intended] is that McCord was on the
reelection committee's payroll, and had
a contract with the Republican Nation--
al Committee as well to perform secu-
rity services.
Many retired specialists in police or
security work do establish private secu-
rity firms. McCord has an ? excellent
reputation at the CIA, and kind words
on his behalf were even pasSed on to
the Republicans by an active official in
the White House Secret Service. So, if
the Republicans wanted to hire one of
the bed hands in the cloak-and-dagger
business, signing on McCord, as they
did last fall, made sense.
But what were they getting when
they hired McCord? They were getting
a man, by Campaign Director John
Mitchell's own admission, who has "a
number of business clients and inter-
STATINTL
0 ,
TriVrATV(0-1Pil -"Tr7?
0
- ?
mcnts, jimmying le-cts Ana cOecrin.0
his tracks like a cat Wrilar.
In fact, ?',1cCord supervised the in-
stallation tit TV monitors, door-lock
buzzers at 'Nixon' headquarters and the
inspection of offices for eavesdropping
devices and phone taps. Campaign offi-
cials explain that threats of assassina-
tions, bombings, and violence, the pil-
fering of memos, and the placing of
spies on the staff by "some oth6r can-
didate" make it necessary to have a'
man with McCord's skills around. ?
Moreover; Mitchell declares the re-
election committee, while not authoriz-
ing or condoning the actions charged to
McCord, "is not legally, morally or eth-
ically accountable for actions taken
without its knowledge and beyond the
scope of its control."
Williams to Lead Attack
Maybe so, but Edward Bennett Wil-
liams, the celebrated criminal lawyer
the Democrats retained for their civil
suit, will seek to prove that McCord was
acting ivithin the scope of his employ-
ment when police nabbed him.
What kind of mentality is it at Re-
publican headquariers which decides
that cloak-and-dagger men must be
employed for security purposes? If
John Mitchell's most brilliant memos
are purloined by disloyal employes, so
what? The lives and property of Repub-
lican campaign workers could be just
as well protected by a conventional se-
curity agency without enlisting a spe-
cialist with McCord's capabilities and
other clients.
The Watergate break-in looks more
and more like a fob performed for a
right-wing anti-Castro group, but this is
small solace to embarrassed Nixon
'campaign officials.
Naturally, OBrien grabs on to this
astonishing episode for political gain,
and makes all sorts of outlandish
- charges such as the one that there is
"a developing clear pile to the White
House" in the case..
Humor is blessed 'relief in a messy
episode like this one. But why do Re-
publican campaign chiefs indulge in
CIA mentality? Politics is a rough
game, hut one where professional acro-
ests and we have no knowledge of. bats of espionage like McCord aren't
these relationships." ' - needed. The Republicans got them-
They alsogat a man whose CIA Ovoy10.#01#
and ciitering, planting electronic eaves-
dropping devices, photographing docu- . got.
Newsday
tApprom ficvkiReleasek2-001 e,

agida )R000500050001-4
DA.1.14I
Approved FoP kelgasla001/03/04 : CIA-14
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i lislig?ax?
---- STATImr
-
fo rod
-4)
in. Darn camicer.
By CONRAD KOMOROW SKI
WASHINGTON. June 26?Participants in the June 17
raid on national Democratic party headquarters here had
direct links with the White House. Republican National
Committee. Central Intelligence Agency and fascistic or-
ganizations of Cubans living in the U.S.
paredness, which is a part 'Of
the Executive Office of the Pre-
sident. Its job is witchhunting,
the hunting out of dissenters
and so-called "subversives" and
planning of measures to deal
with them.
The Cubans, who were recruit-
ed subversive activities
against Cuba, including the CIA-
organized invasion, have been
working with the United States
Military Reserve unit, which
operates under the Office of
Emergency Plans and Prepared-
ness in the White House.
Disclosures have linked an or-
ganization of veterans of the
Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba
with the White House and the
raid on the Democratic head-
quarters.
The tentacles can be glimpsed
of a long-term conspiracy to use
terrorist gangs and individuals
against "left-wing causes" in the
U.S.
The raid on Democratic party
headquarters?not at all a "left-
wing- organization?shows how
far this fascistic activity has
gone.
Ties with the fascistic ele-
ments in the military reserve
through the White House can be
discerned.
Trail of CIA
The trail of the CIA is visible
at all stages of the operations
of these gangs. Members of the
Ex-Combatientes Cubanos de Fort
Jackson are reported to have
met. with "American friends" on
"direct action to combat what
they viewed as left-wing causes
in the U.S.," according to Tad
Szulc in the New York Times
June 22.
The blundered attempt to bug
Democratic party headquarters
and to photograph files has re-
vealed a festering cancer in the
White House.
When Nixon -moved into the
White House he brought with
him the baggage of the days
when he introduced the first
concentration camp bill in the
history of Congress and helped
create the period of McCarthy-
ism.
;McCord's links
James W. McCord, who was
held on $30,000 bond after his
arrest last Saturday, was at-that
time under contract as security
coordinator to the Committee
for Reelection of President Nix-
on headed by former Attorney
General John N. Mitchell and of
Other direct links
These are not the only direct
links. The name of E. Howard
.Hunt, Jr.. was found in the ad-
dress books of two of the parti-
cipants in Saturday's raid. Hunt
is a former CIA agent, who
worked for it from 1949 to 1970.
He was an associate of '.`Frank
-Bender" in the organization of
the Bay of Pigs invasion, and
has maintaind his connections
with former Cubans. Hunt was
a consultant at the White House
in 1971 and in 1972 until at least
March.
Two of-the participants in the
raid are connected with Amer-
itas, which is a wholly-owned
subsidiary of the All-State In-
vestment Fund, S.A.. incorporat-
ed in Panama. Persons familiar
with the revelations of CIA
"fronts:: through which funds
are channeled and activity con-
ducted. believe this setup has
the same foul smell.
At his Thursday press confer-
ence. Nixon did not denounce
the raid but confined his state-
ment to: "This kind of activity
...has no place whatever in our
electoral process or in our gov-
ernment process."
The fact is that the connec-
tions of the participants in the
raid with the White House. etc..
governmental circles, both De-
mocratic and Republican, as in
the Bay of Pigs fiasco, the CIA
activities in Laos and Cambodia.
and he role of secret- conspir-
acy in the Indochina war show
that Nixon's statement is untrue.
STATI NTL
the Republican National Corn- show that "this kind of activi-
mittee. Approved FobReltile m:r9 fropiacec-
IA RDP80-01601R000500050001 -4
McCord was also a? member althoug i shous-
of a 15-man unit of the Office
...t 17. Tal
tory of surreptitious activity by
V4ISIIIi37:01.4 POST
Approved For Release 2001/0Fp5tipikRDP80-0
An Air of Mystery Surrounds Suspect
Cuban Native Dropped Hi High of Hrie i
h 'Connections, Friends - Say
.
By Peter Jay that for a . Yanqui, Barker was I-Toward Hunt," said the ,' Hotel was unknown to him
spoke beautiful spanish," re- architect, Leonard Glasser.
Washington Post Staff Writer and unauthorized.
calls a Cuban journalist It has not been estab- Barker lives 50 blocks
MIAMI, June 26?Bernard here. "1 had to tell them he fished that Barker and Hunt west of downtown Miami, in
L. Barker, who was arrested was as much a Latin as we were in communication or a predominantly Cuban see-
nine days ago with fourthat?according to one un-
are." tion.
other men in the Washing- confirmed , report?Hunt
There are various stories m It is a neighborhood of
ton Offices of the Demo- came to Miami and met with
about Barker's clandestine small square bungalows,
cratic National Committee, Barker about three weeks
activities in circulation here, parched lawns, and wilted
liked to sound mysterious, recently
A
ago. (s as Sunday,
but many of them seem topalm trees that cast little
according to people who FBI sources could not cow
trace back to the man him- shade. As in working-class
know him. firm that Hunt was in
. self. A number of Cubans, neighborhoods in other cit-
He this, dismiss the Miami.) ies, there are pick-up trucks
He had been involved in i noticing
- the abortive 1961 Bay of ' :
Watergate caper as a quix- In Miami, Barker has fre- with campers and American
Pigs invasion, and, acquaint- otic effort by an aging brag- quently been involved in flag decals, outboard boats
ances say, he Was given to ? gard to recapture the excite- anti-Castro or other anti- on trailers, small children
dropping veiled hints that ment of his espionage days Communist activity, most re- on tuicycles; it looks corn-
ho is well-connected in U.S. and to win the acclaim of cently by organizing a mo- fortable, clean and decent?
intelligence circles and that torcade of Cubans support-
the exile community. .but by no means affluent.
interesting things weredNixon'sing President Nxon's eci-
"Barker? A big talker," Barker's neighbors, like
afoot.sion to mine the ore-
said a businessman in the Nth Vitother Cubans here, say they
Like many of 'Miami's >> so harbors. But he ap-
La Havana Vieja Shopping still don't know what to
more thm? 200,000 exiles, he pears to be .neither influen-
Center here, where Barker's think of the case. They have
the i
l ia nor popular n
is known as a political cow small real estate office? t . read in the newspapers of
servative and a strong anti- major exile organizations.
Barker Associates?is lo- an attempt by Barker to get
Communist. He supported His business career is
cated. "But don't use my the architect's plan of the
-President Nixon's mining ofname." hard to chart. Barker Asso-
. Miami convention center,
North Vietnamese harbors, elates, which he opened last
In the Bay of Pigs opera- where the Democrats will
and had urged Odle groups year after getting his real
tion, Barker's code name is estate license, has been in- meet in two weeks; that re-
to oppose war protesters at
said to have been "Macho" minded one friend, at least,
this summer's two national volved in a few big transac-
-a nickname he still uses, of Barker's remark about
political conventions here. tions--but only a few.
11 years later. The word And these seem to have "doing something about the
convention."
Of the five suspects ar-
simply means "male." but it been due to Barker's friend-
, . But what? And also why?
rested in connection with has stronger connections: ship with Miguel (Mike)
Those are the questions the
the attempted bugging of
the equivalent nickname in Suarez, an ambitious and
the Watergate, three (includ- English would be "stud"?an highly political lawyer who neighbors- keep asking, for
ing Barker), were born in unusual, -rather adolescent once ran for mayor of which neither the ne.wspa-
Cuba. All have a back- sobriquet for a 55-year-old. Miami as a Republican (he pers nor the police nor the
ground in intelligence, anti- Barker's role in the Bay of Came in a poor fifth) and is politicians on either side
Castro activity or both. Four Pies invasion, exile sources the attorney for Barker's ...
have yet to offer an answer.
of the five, including Bar- say. Was significant?but firm.
ker, are in D.C. jail pending more organizational than op- Ameritas, the organization
release on bond. erational. He was said to be that police first said was a
Except perhaps for James close to Manuel Artime, who shadowy anti-Castro group
-,W. McCord Jr., a veteran of commanded the landing to which the Watergate five
/19 years with the CIA and, force, and to have been a belonged, turned out to he a
-1 at the time of his arrest in major conduit for Central real estate corporation
the Democratic offices in Intelligence Agency funds, headed by Suarez. Suarez
Watergate, chief of security
His association with the. and stationery by Barker
says the use. of the name-
services for the Committee
CIA is believed to have '
? for the Re-election of the h th ,hen they
' President, Barker is the
lasted at least through 1964,
when commanders were registered at the Watergate
: man who has attracted the
most attention. . being trained in Nicaragua
f
' -Despite his Anglo-Saxon for anti-Castro harassment
name and appearance, his raids.
American father, service in If Barker has met Howard
the U.S. Army as an officer E. Hunt, the mysterious
In World War 11 in the Eu- raider-spy-White House con-
sultant who dropped from
ropean treater and his resi-
s
dence in Miami, Barker is aight after a reporter told
Cuban. He was born in Ha- him his name has been
vana 55 years ago, served found in notebooks carried
by the suspects in the Wat-.
with the secret police of the
crgate bugging. it probably-
.-dictador Fulg,encio Batista
before Castro came to would have been through
power, and associates almost the CIA.?
entirely with Cubans in According to a Miami ar;
Miami. chitect, Barker often men-
d ttoXibliWO Ulk#333/04 '
0 . CIA-RDP80-01601 R000500050001,-4
"someone saiAtopocie
Ann. Ile ..said his ,name,
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
Approved For Releffee2001/03Y04 : CIA-RDP8
2 6 J1.11 ic;;;"?
7SterV
r-? 7 -
.1.\,.Lo X Live Ls 1.11P.
in Raid on Democrats
By WALTER RUGABER
Spedal to Me New Yo: -'4is
WASHINGTON, June 23 ? Ten minutes later, acting o
Moving through the basement what he ?ow calls a "hunch, '
he retrirned to the basement.
after midnight, the guard found
The !etches were newly taped.
strips of tape across the latches
oci were two others, on a lotver
of tv,,o doors leading to the, itwej, that had been en-
underground pa garage. obstructed only minutes before.
It was an altogether fit be- 'Somebody was taping the
ginning for a first-rate mystery doors faster than I was teeing
? the raid on the Democratic it 0ffi"allsaid in On
interview later. "I called the pa-
National Committee head.quar-lice."His alarm was loaaed at
ters. the central station at 1:52 A.M.
In the eight days since, the on Saturday, June 17.
White House and the Republi- It tool; less than 45 hours
can party have been embart. for the authorities to clamp a
I airly tialit lid on tiiiites. Much
rassed, the Democrats have
of the iMormati311 that emcraed
sensed a big dectinn-year issue
at4-, el ward, even en the most
and a major Federal investiga- Pedc:strian points, was unoffi-
lion has begun. cial or lashed by unnamed
The mystery has involved sources.
Republican officials, agents or hnd none of iteqabli'lled.
motive. Washinaion went on a,
former agents of the Central speculative, bingo but even
Intelligence Agency, White those runnincr, the investigation
House aides and bewildering were said to be confused and
assortments of anti-Castro uncertain. The available facts
, offered many possible inter-
Cubans.
Guard Not Alarmed pretations.
More Tape Found
There has been talk of tele-
First to reach .the Watergate
phone taps, spy cameras and
V.'i21:0 plainClOthCS members of
stolen files; of obscure corpo- the Second District Tactical
rations and large international o
nouad. 1 hey went first to the
financial transactions; of un- eighth and top floor, where
solved raids on chancery offices tape. was found on a stairway
door. Nothing else was amiss,
and on influential Washington,
i however.
law firms. Working, their way down,
The guard, Frank Wills, a they found more tape on the
tall, 24-year-old bachelor who sixth floor. With guns drawn,
earned $S0 a week patrolling they entered the darkened of-
one of the office buildings in flees of the Democratic National
Committee Crouchedd there
the Wategate complex for - ?
were five unarmed men, who
General Security Services, .Inc., surrendered quietly. I
was not greatly alarmed when "They didn't admit what they
he found the tape. were doing there," said John
The high-priced hotel rooms, Barret, one of the plainclothes
prestigious offices and de- men who handcuffed the five
and lined them up against a
gant condominium apartments tvall. "They were veryd' ite Ira's takeover M1959. The records showed that
within the Watergate develop- but they wouldn't talk. "P All except Mr. McCord left since January Mr. McCord had
iment had been favorite targets Presumably, there was plentyMiami Fridayan- received $1,209 a month as
of Washington's burglars and to talk about?the taped latch- _ afternoon,
parcntly on Lastern Airlines "security coordinator" for the
Isneak thieves for several years. es, for examdle. Flight 190, which arrived at Nixon organization, and that
For one ' ' thing tapins, the Washington National, Airport at since October he was paid more
Along with three present or doors was a dead giveaway. 3:50 P.M. Mr. Barker used his than $600 a month for guard
former Cabinet officers and Ordinarily, burglars use wood American Express credit card services for the Republican
various other Republican lead- en match sticks. Also, why did to rent a car at that time. unit.
ers, the tenants included the anyone bather with the door
The four men checked into The following day it was
on the eighth floor?
was risky in the extrema to understood to have dined that
two rooms-214 and 314?at learned that in address books
the Watergate Hotel. They are taken by -the police from Mr.
Barker and Mr. Martinez the
Democratic National Commit- ' '
1 Futtnermore, once the tam-
tee. Its offices had been entered pering had been discovered, it
at least twice within the last evening in the hotel restaurant. name of E. (for Everette) How-
six weeks. - repeat it. Who did it. And why
t The hotel connects with the of- and Hunt appeared. Mr. Hunt
But Mr. Wills assumed that were two separate basemen
the office building's mainte-. entrances taped the second lice building through the under. had worked, as recently as
March 20, as a White House
nance men had immobilized the time? .ground garage.
consultant.
of tape, allowin? t a t o Al FAIA0144100}11{411 041-1.ta A- P#M1.q101#10400400001 14 in
latches. He tore ' ? e
to lock, and returned to his the insme, and once entrance 'five Men Lied vs:tit them at the pects an prim:died enyelope 'drat
post in the lobby. 1 to the building had been] '
cont. I onrc II
STATI NTL
pined, an intruder could have
left without keys and without
setting off an alarm,
Too Many Men
Five; men were found in tile
Democratic offices, which
struck those informed in such
matters as three or four too
time of their arrest and ob-
tained warrants to search the
two hotel rooms and. the rczited
automobile. An inventory in-:
eluded:
c -AV() 35-mm. cameras
equipped with close-up lens at-
tachments, about 40 rolls of
many. ,unexposed 35.min. film, one
The five men were charged ton of film from a Minwt
camera. and a high inter:tity
with binelary and lett off to
the District of Columbia jail, all useful in ceaniing
where they all gave false names documents.
to the boolMer cliicer. After a cirten or three microphones
routine fineaiprint check, they and transmitters. Two coding
were. identt:ied as follows: panels had been removed:in an
Beenard L. Latter, 55 years office adjacent to that of tbe
aid, a native of Havana who party chairman, Law/ coca
fled the. Iridol Castro 10:111C O'Bt I:11, and it was thettrized
and became an American that the cquipment was 1,einn
citizen. He is president of installed, replaced or remnveci,
Barker Associates, a Miami ttAn assortment cf what
teal estate concern. were described as lock picks
:lames Walter WicCord Jr., 53, and burglary tools, two wa
Ode-
a native of Te-'c. He is now talkie radios, several cans end
president of McCord Asso- pen-like canisters of Cheirtical
dates, Inc. of suburban Rock- Mace and rubber surgical
ville, 4d., Pt private security gloves, which all five men had
agency. been wearing.
Frank. Sturgis, 45, who lost his c_Nearly $5,050 in cash. The
citizenship for fighting in the money, found in the possession
Castro army but regained it of the. five and in the two hotel
later. lie has changed his, roams, included sone $5,500 in
name from Frank Fiorini hut $100 bills bearing consecutive
is still known under both serial numbers.
names. He works at the Parts of the Democratic
Hampton Roads Salvage headquarters had been ran-
Company, Miami. sacked. Mr. O'Brien suhse-
Eugenio P. Martinez, 51, a man quently said that the party's
with $7,199 in his savings ac- opponents could have found
count and who works as a array of sensitive material, hut.
notary public and as a Ii- no pattern to the search has
censeu reat estate operator. been disclosed,
I He now works for Mr. Bark- Last Sunday, the Associated
1 or's agency and is said to Press discovered from Repub-
earn $1,000 a month. bean financial records filed
Virgilio R. Gonzalez, 45, a with the Government that Mr..
locksmith at the Missing Link McCord worked for both the
Key Shop,
.miami. Ho is re. Comittee to Re-Elect the Presi-
pohed to have been a house
dent and the Republican Nation-
painter and a barber in Cuba, al Committee.
which he fled after Mr. Cas-1 'Security Coordinator'
1)AILY ;7g,:t;a
Approved For Release 2b61/03442 CIA-RDP80-
STATINTL
:Are Cuban' e;)- ? being set- Up?
By VIRGINIA PREWETT
THE bungling, Bay-of-Pigs
style of the national Demo-
cratic headquarters break-in,
plus the reappearance of vet-
erans of the CIA team that
directed the Bay of Pigs inva-
sion, with a few Cuban hench-
men, have created in the
minds .of many ? Cuban exile
personalities in Mia mi the
impression that their commu-
nity is being set up for something.
Tho nobody has succeeded in linking any
'genuine or responsible Cuban exile leader to
the shady bugging affair, a good deal of the
current newspaper speculation creates a shad-
ow of a doubt about the exile community's
role. I have been asked many times if some
exile community motive, as opposed to the
actions of an insignificant few, could have
prompted the burglary.
? "We don't know who could be setting us up,"
said a genuine and recognized exile community
leader on the phone from Miami, "hut we're
getting the feeling that if something had hap-
pens during either the Democratic or Republi-
can conve?tim here, 'Cuban exiles' are going
to be blamed," .
I share their feeling that the reappearance
of members of the CIA's Bay of Pigs team
bodes no good for the anti-Castro Cubans. I
was as close as any North American to the?
Cuban ditectorate that sponsored the invasion,
tho I did not personally know the CIA team in
charge of it. Early on, I formed a deep convic-
tion, which has grown with time, that the CIA
squad itself designed the invasion for failure.
A Cuban who was a member of the sponsor-
ing exile council has just revealed that "Frank
Bender," the CIA invasion chief, was in fact a
man /1 a mod FI ani: Grolier. And that, further-
more, he was one of the several Central Euro-
peans being used at the time by the CIA.
The only authentic CIA operative that I ever
knew in Latin America was one of these.
Wherever he touched, disaster followed for the
democratic, anti-communist left. He channeled
aid for years to the Dominican Juan Dosch
and played a shadowy role in the 1965 Domini-
can icheltion. My most responsible U.S.
sources, including a CIA advisor, came to
question whether he was in fact a double
agent.
If the CIA team making arrangements for
the Day of Pigs had indeed been Iron Curtain
double agents, they could not have planned
failure more efficiently.
I cite only two of many points sustaining this
thesis: First, in a military sense, there was no
way to ?guarantee that previous invader air
strikes, even if fully carried out, would destroy
all of Castro's potential to hit back from the
air. Yet the invasion ships had only two or
three anti-aircraft machine guns. These were
defectively mounted and wrenched loose from
the deck on their first firing, killing invasion
personnel.
-Secondly, the night the invaders left Central
America, Antonio Varona, of the exile council
sponsoring the invasion, was in' my living
room weeping .tears of rage. He said that as
.the invasion got under way, the CIA team for-
bade the Cuban leaders to use the Swan Island
radio station from which it had been agreed
the latter would send pre-arranged signals to
their counterparts inside Cuba so they could
help the invasion. And immediately after-
wards, the exile leaders themselves were put
Under a kind of U.S. house arrest and held
incommunicado.
Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601R000500050001-4
VIASIIII;t;701;os
Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RD
26 JUN 1972
,fl iTt"t-* A T
' ? '7'
? li r.)+ "-rt VII ri:ASIIIIZG TON ST/ fl
Approved For Release ggoitivim : CIA-RDP80-01
By MERWIN K. SIGALE
Special to SL
MIAMI ? Its relevance to
the break-in at Democratic
National Coinmittee headquar-
ters is speculative, but there
are many Cuban exiles here
who shudner at the thought
a Democrat who is "soft" on
Cuba defeating President Nix-
on in November.
The reported connection of
some of the suspects in the
Washington raid \ -hit past
anti-Castro activities in Miami
has raised the possibility that
motives related to U.S. pokey
en Cuba peempted the enpar-
cat effort to bun the Demo-
cratic party office.
Moreover, the suspects' evi-
dent interest in the layout of
certaimfacilities for the Demo-
cratic Natienal Convention --
including two hotel [milt omits
reserved for Son. George
McGovern ? has suggested
that some action may have
been planned during the con-
vention in Miami Beach start-
ing July 10. Whether this
would have involved intelli-
gence-gathering here or dem-
onstrations by Cuban exiles
can only be conjectured.
Upsurge in Registration
There is ample reason for
militant exiles here to want to
defeat the Democratic chal-
lenger to Nixon, and especially
to block the presidential ambi-
tions of McGovern. This may
account for an apparent up-
surge in GOP voter registra-
tion in Miami's Cuban commu-
nity as well as recent contribu-
tions by well-heeled Cuban-
American Democrats to Nix-
on's re-election campaign.
McGovern, the most likely
Democratic nominee, has stat-
ed in interviews that, as presi-
dent, he would end the U.S.
policy isolating Cuba political-
)), and economically. He has
advocated a resumption of
trade with Cuba, restoration of
diplomatic relations and cul-
tural and travel contacts, and
closing of the U.S. naval base
at Guantanamo Bay.
The South Dakota senator
was one of the sADDTOVi3d
"Congressional CARIrenoe on
rr
U.S.-Cuba Relations" held on
Capitol Hill April 39-20, al-
though he did not participate
in the open delibarations.
Those who did take part, most-
ly from the academic world
and pri v a te orgarizat ions,
joined in a call for steps to-
ward normalizing relations
with Cuba.
Sen. Edward M. Kminedy,
D-Mass., Whose name has fig-
ured in speculation almut the
Democratic presidentiel end
vice presidential meminetions,
also was a sponsor. Ile read a
statement at the meeting in
which he raid the United
States should ''take the first
step" toward a reconcilletion
with Cuba. Noting adminieira-
lion gestures Inward Chime
Kennedy called the "stale poll-
, tetne,t,
k t eeeni
r
e,e7
; I
1.1 Li
"After living in exile for
more than 11 years," he
wrote, "it inimpossible to per-
mit coexistence with the Red
beast, nor would my mind ad-
jt to it." Ife called for a
policy that would allow Cuban
exiles to wage war against
Castro "from friendly soil,"
meaning the United States.
Suarez did not mention Mc-
Govera or any other Demo-
crat.
Same Cubans still are wary
of the Democrats, since it was
President John F. Kennedy
who failed to give alt-out U.S.
suppart to the Bay of Pies
invesien or to take steps to-
ward fulfilling Ida promise to
the ransomed invaders that
limy medic! ultimately return
to a "lime Cuba." Cuban hopes
sn,:yd-"ndlt20(inni0
alf (loilZydoii4}1.:aLte ? were not realized, either, un-
leads us nowhere." der President Lyndon B. John
Also lenning their names as son or even under Nixon.
sponsors of the conferenee
were eight other senetors, all
Democrats except Jacob K.
javits, R-N.Y., and 19 House
members, 17 of them Demo-
crats.
'Little Havana' Peelings
Although - anti-Castro pas-
sions in the Miami area 1-,ave
A Choice This Year
This year, however, there
could be a choice between
McGovern, who advocates a
friendlier policy toward Cuba,
and Nixon, who has remained
hostile toward Castro although
restricting the ability of exiles
to raid Cuba from U.S. soil.
cooled in the
McGovern may be one rea-
13 years siece
Castro took power, the kind of son for the rising GOP regis-
tration in Cuban precincts. It
talk about Cuba that has come
is estimated that 30p3 to
from McGovern and SOMC oth-
er leading Democrats still ran-
10,030 of the more than 250,000
kles a segment of "Little Ha- Cubans in Dade County are
vana's" residents. , U.S. citizens who have regis-
One who takes a hard view tered to vote.
on Cuba is Miguel A. Suarez, a The potential Mc-
Cuban-American lawyer who
Govern-Nixon contest appar-
ently has benefited GOP
fund-raising in the Cuban com-
munity here. Oscar A. White,
44, a Cuban-American lawyer
who settled in this country in
1946, gave a $100-a-couple din-
ner at his North Miami home
on June 3 and raised $15,000
for the National Hispanic Fi-
is a partner in real estate ven-
tures with Bernard L. Barker,
one of the five suspects in the
Washington break-in. Suarez,
who has denied having any '
knowledge of the raid, is a
self-described "Nixonian" Re-
publican, and the door to his
law office bears a "Re-elect
the President" sticker. mance Committee for the Re-
lic also is a- contributor of election of the President, an
a r tic le s to the Spanish- organization that operates un-
language magazine Replica. der former Commerce Secre-
published here, and in the May tary Maurice H. Stalls, the
14.-20 issue, he pleaded, "Don't chief fund-raiser for Nixon's
? negotiate with Castro, Mr. campaign.
FbildR6lease 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601R000500050001-4
"It was very successful,"
said White. "Most of my
friends ? about 03 percent of
them Democrats ? were ores-
ent." White said he switched
from the Democratic to the
Republican party three
months ago. lie and his welt-
to-do friends, he explained,
are more "scared" of Me-
Govern's tax proposals than of
his views on Cuba.
Among Cubans in general,
however, McGovern's Cuba
policy looms larger.
"There's no qtiestion aneet
that," said Jose M. Casapava,
state finance chairmen fa: the
Hispanic committee and vice
peesideet of a brod?crae-:. firm.
"We arc conservative, we are
vigorously anti-Comnienist,
and we feel the Repulnican
national platform and Mr. i?;ix-
on reflect this ideology more
than the Democratic plattoem
as a whole and or course much
more than Sen. McGovern."
Goal of f,200,600
Casanova said his state
group has raised about $70moo
for the Nixon campaign and
has a goal of at least $2e0,e00
of the $1 million targeted on a
national basis by the Hispanic
committee. Mexican-
Americans in California and
Texas are expected to contrib-
ute most of over-all stun, he
said.
Nixon's failure to unleash
the exiles against Castro is
"the No. 1 criticism we find"
when seeking funds, Casanova
said, but "those who are ciisil-
lusioned feel they have no
choice on the other side. We
are not saying Nixon is going
to do anything. We recognize
that his first obligation is to
the country as a whole. We do
know one thing: He is sympa-
thetic to our people. He is a
staunch anti-Communist."
STATI NTL
Approved For Release 20903pil. ipylt-RDP80-01601
2 5 JUN 1972
N?Rlf.lcaps.WWMEMEIMINOMMIN
J
Watergate Caper:
From the
Folks Vih
Brought
You the
Bay of F
WASHINGTON?The affair has be-
come popularly known in the capital
? as the "Watergate Caper." But v, hat
it means no one is quite. sure.
It all began at about 2 A.?:,1. Satur-
day, June 17, when three Wa,--hington
policemen answered what they thought
was a burglary call to the elegant
'hotel and business Watergate com-
plex overlooking the Potomac River.
In the offices of Democratic Na-
tional Committee on the sixth floor
of the Watergate Office Building the
police surprised five men carrying
electronic listening devices and spe-
cial cameras. Upon being questioned
they proved to have unusual political
links and Central Intelligence Agency
backgrounds.
One of them was James W. McCord,
a former C.I.A. official and the securi-
ty expert for the Republican National
Committee and the Committee to Re-
Elect the President. The others were
Bernard L. Barker, a wealthy Cuban-
born Miami realtor (equipped for the
job with walkie-talkie radios, canisters
of Mace, burglar tools and 53 se-
quentially numbered $100 bills which
the F.B.I. later discovered were part
of the proceeds of four checks drawn
an a Mexican bank deposited in a
Miami Beach bank and then with-
drawn. in an S89,000 lump by Mr.
Barker in May); a Florida notary pub-
lic of Cuban origin; a onetime Havana
barber and locksmith; and an Amen--
can soldier of fortune.
And looming behind the group was
an even more adventurous figure?E.
Howard Hunt Jr., a former top C.I.A.
official who planned the abortive 196l
Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba. Mr..
Hunt until last March had been a
$100-a-day White House consultant
and has worked as a writer for a
Washington public relations firm con-
.nected with efforts to raise funds
;for President Nixon's re-election
s campaign. He is also a prolific author
of spy novels. ?
Mr. Hunt appeared to be the chief
of what some investigators said was
a loosely organized Cuban-American,
right-wing commando team. In his Bay
of Pigs days, Mr. Hunt was known
under the code name of "Eduardo:"
one of his closest associates at the
time was "Macho," the nom-de-guerre
of Mr. Barker, - ?
Mr. Hunt, who would not talk with.
the F.B.I., vanished from sight. Mr.
Barker would not talk with the F.B.I.
either. But various sources said he
had recruited three of the operatives
arrested at, the Watergate Office Build-
ing, plus four Others who escaped. The
men were- aid to have been flown
from Miami to Washington, driven
from the airport in, a 1972 Chrysler
and installed at the Watergate Hotel
under false names as members of a
Miami real estate corporation. After a
lobster dinner, they moved next door
for the break-in.
? What was the reason for the job?
JUdging from the equipment found
on the suspects when they were are
rested in the office of Lawrence
O'Brien, national chairman of the
Democratic party, Mr. Barker and his
companions were trying to install a
secret transmitter in the ceiling and
photograph Democratic files.
The incident apparently was not an
isolated event. This commando team
or its associates were suspected of
having pulled off several other jobs
recently. One of them was a burglary
at the Chilean Embassy, during which
documents were apparently micro-
filmed. And there was an earlier at-
tempt on the Democratic. headquarters.
For the Republicans the affair was,
of course, an embarrassment. They
deplored it, officially, as un-American.
President Nixon told a news confer-
ence last Thursday that the White
House had "n?nvolvement whatso-
ever," But neither he nor any of his
staff explained why Mr. McCord?who
was later freed on bail?was among
the raiders captured. Nor was there
any explanation of the relationship
between Mr. Hunt and Charles W.
Colson, a special counsel to the Presi-
dent who had recommended hiring Mr.
Hunt as a part-time White House
consultant.
For the Democrats the affair pro-,
duced some satisfying anti-Administra-
tion publicity. "Fwish it had happened'
in October instead of June, but I don't
ivant to sound ungrateful," one Demo-
crat said. The party moved .to exploit
the case by filing a million-dollar suit
against the Republican National Com-
mittee and the Committee to Re-elect
the President. That could keep the.
topic alive through the summer.
. ?TAD SZULC
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STATI NTL
Approved For Release 20614a04
2 5 J11:I 7972
rom Those Won
Who
By Art Bucit-waid
Capitol. Punishrrient
The arrest of five men in the Democratic
National Headquarters last weekend has caused
a great deal of consternation in high Republican
circles, All leading officials deny they had any
;knowledge of the incident, which was planned
and executed by the same people who gave us
the "Bay of Pigs."
While most people are mystified as to how it
? was possible that high Republican figures did
not know of the raid, it was easily explained to
me by a friend who is very close to the Republi-
can Party.
"The decision to raid the Democratic National
Headquarters in Washington was made as a pro-
tective reaction strike. We knew the Democrats
were massing a buildup for an attack on the
Republicans in July, and it was in our interests
to destroy their files before they were used
against us."
"But wasn't this raid a violation of the presi-
dential orders not to bug the enemy's telephones
unless the Republicans were attacked first?'
"The general in the field who made the deci-
sion may have gone beyond the literal intention
of the rules, but he/believed his actions were
justified on the basis of intelligence reports that
the Democrats were going to invade Miami."
"But at the time the rail was made, the Demo-
cratic headquarters was considered off limits as
a target area," I said. "Surely high Republican
officials must have been aware -of what was
going on."
"As far as the high officials were concerned,
they had no knowledge of the raid. In fact, they
had given out strict orders that illegal strikes
_against the Democrats had to be cleared with
cTi
,erfrt PeopleSTATINTL
nought You
of
them. Somehow conununications got fouled up,
which can happen during an election year."
"Do you believe a 'raid of this type, if success-
ful, could have changed the outcome in Novem-
ber?" -
"We are fighting a tough, ruthless enemy who
will stop at nothing to impose its type of govern-
ment on the American people," he said. "We
cannot sit idly by and allow them to take over
the White House.
"Perhaps we didn't play by all the rules of the
game, but 1 can assure you the Democrats are
not playing by the rules either. This incident
has been blown out of all proportion.
"Had the raid succeeded 110 one would have
said a word. But because it failed, everyone is
up in arms. Instead of criticizing the people be?
hind the attack, I think they should be congratu-
lated for putting their party first." ?
"But," I said, "aren't you escalating the elec-
tion by bugging the Democrats, and photograph-
'ing their files?"
"We did not escalate the election. They did.
They're the ones who are trying to kick us out.
Their leaders have said as much. The President
has said many times he would agree to a cease-
fire, providing the Democrats give.e up their
political ambitions. But the honor of ,the presi-
dency is at stake, and Mr. Nixon has no inten-
tion of giving the country away."
"Will the Republicans- court-martial the peo-
ple responsible for the raid on the Democratic
headquaiters?"
"No, but they will be demoted and put on a
pension."
"That's tough," I said.
"Perhaps. But their Worst punishment is that
they will nes* be allowed to bug for the Repub-
lican 'Party again."
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WLSHINGTON 1/0ST
Approved For Release2290j1B313. : CIA-RDP80-016
"rf e
4'. 77 President Nixon's decision
rtO mine the Haiphong hat%
L.! k (Li bor.
According to reliable ex-
?'F 7 Tr- e , ; ile sources in M iami, Sturgis
alid another of the suspects
,7
QA,J1 LiAij in the bugging case, Ber-
k', (I-I tifee'2e Li It _a.
nard L. Barker, showed up
uninvited at a meeting
called to oreanize a demon-
stration supporting the Pres-
ident.
Both Barker and Sturgis
spolie at the meeting, the
aourcea said, and Sturgis
pzirtieidarly tried to assume
rok of leadership in the
demonatration, claiming he.
represented the interests of
exiles from "captive na-
tions.? He eventually ended
up driving one of the lead
truces in a 200e-ehiele con-
voy that was in the van-
guard of the demonstration,
the soerees said,
Cubans in Miami reported
that SuireiS and Emiker had
been a tteteptine to organize
exile demonstrations at the "ely Darling Wife: It:
Detneeratie Netional Con- breaks my ecert to he away
vention next InOntli, for the from yoe ha I apnot undo
purpoie of embarrassing the what I started. 1 have gotten
party. myself a very good repute-
"The problem in figuring lion with Fidel and?believe
out Sturgis," one Miami it or not-- he is a good
newspaper reporter has friend of mine."
said, "is that you don't know
how much of what you hear
about him is self-generated
and exaggerated, and what
Carolina,. Sturgis has de- gis "quite well" in Miami re- is fact."
called: The reporter cited Slur-
monstraied a propensity for "Until 1967, when I last Os' purported involvement
dropping out of sight and
saw him, Fiorini was part of with the Central intern-
then showing up in stranee - that band of seedy anti-Cas- eence Agency as a ease in
places at stranee times. tro James Bonds living off point. "There's no question
In 1958, after his wife and - in he might have done some rel- Soon after his return to
friends in Norfolk reported
Florida, and getting money atively minor work for the Miami from Cuba, Sturgis
him missing, Sturgis mice- .t arom right-wing Texans and agency off and on," the re_ a n d Bernard L. Barker?
peetedly appeared in an As- Californians." porter said, "But some peo. identified in some reports as
sociated Press wirephoto pie think he was once a big the leader of the group ar-
from Ceee. showed Aeoca said Sturgis was
wheel who organized guer- rested inside the Democratic
Cuba, It the mass "among those questioned by rillas; and other people National Committee offices
standing
grave of 75 executed fallow- the FBI after John Kenne-
think he was supposed to re- ?became acquainted.
dy's assassination because of port on Cubans who were Columnist Jack Anderson,
.ers of Fulgencio Batista. He
his activities. At one time too wild for the CIA." whom Sturgis has pre-
had joined the rebel army of
his Miami house was an ar- Separating fantasy and viously supplied with infor-.
Fidel Castro in the hills of
scnal, complete with 20 mil- _fact, this much is known illation and who Friday
Oriente Province.
? A year later, Sturgis limetter cannons." about Frank Sturgis, the offered to take legal custody
Cuban exile leaders var-
landed a plane in Miami stick 3e wavy-haired itinerent of the suspect, told report-
with the chief of Castro's air with an equal fondness for ers that "Frankie ... said he
cons, .i\W. Pedro Diaz urn-citable, romantic, a able, jungle fatigues and white-on- worked for Barker" when
Lanz and immediately
seeker of Publicity, a han-
white shirts. they were arrested.
,
joined the Cuban exile cam. ger -on constantly trying to . ? Meanwhile, Sturgis' attor-
l himself with what- He was born F n-
rank A
paign against Castro. invove
new told a judge that his
ever intrigue he could find ony Fiorini in Norfolk,
client lives with a wife and
have tagen him to the Bay at the moment. daughter in Miami, where
i
The latest of his adven_ and waiter and completed
of Pigs (depending on whom he earns $150 a week as a
you listen to), eefireteiy tures?notwithstanding the two years of college at Old
Dominion College there. salesman for an aluminum
landed him in Guatemala
break-in at Democratic Na- company and owner of a sal-
(where he trained a guer . tional Committee headquar- During World War II, he vage firm. He argued that
rilla force of 2:3 Cuban eX_ tors?appears to have been served as a corporal in the Sturgis is a good candidate
lies) and ventually led to a an attempt to drum up Marine (Imps and report- for reduction of bond and
, e
Cuban exile support for edly was wounded at Oki- urged that he be released to
ail in?British Honduras. nawa. Followine the war, he the custody of Anderson or
Approved For Release 2001/0041,:atakAUF*416p1130N4005cct
and worked as a flight in- ton.
structor at Glenrock Airport
6ar1 Bernstein
Wa,hiLatcn. ewe slA,f1 Writ cr
In U.S. District Com l.. On that occasion, in le63,
Thursday, Frank Sturgis-- Sturgis told British eutliovi-
ties that the boat on which
also known as Frank Fiurini
?was described by a pr he and 10 companions were
W..0-
arrested was voyage to
etitor as the most well-tray-
melte a commando .raid in
eled of the five men ar-
Cube. llowever, the :Mexican
rested in the alleged plot to
captain of the craft claimed
bug the offices of the Demo-
that Sturgis and his friends
cratie National Committee. had hijacked the-boat.
Contend i lig Stureis By that time, Stureis bad
would be the most likely of already had his American
the five to flee, the proseeu-
citi7enship revoked (for
tOr auccessfully areued for a
second time vriiiay that serving in a foreign armv,
the ?17-Year-old soldier of for- Castro's), then restored
tune be denied a reduction (with help from then Florida
in the ..,Fi0,000 bond that has George Smithers), had
kept him inside Hie District been Brrested for making a
of Columbia jail since Setur- nropeeanda leaflet raid ?vei-
? l-la-vane with his old friend,
day,
D
At the time of his arrest, iaz Lanz, and had acquired
Sturgis was carryingthe reputation. of being
a bir th
certificate, two drieerie le something of an irrespon-
CC115-eS and a. social security sible adventurer among
Cuban exile leaders in
card?all in the name of
ward Joseph Hamilton. Miami.
Since 1e5.1., when he disap- Miguel Acoca. a Washing-
peeeed on a hunting trip in ton Post. special correspon-
the .DiSrred S\Viiinp of North dant who said he enew stiff.
%..) I in I I I NI I I-
In 1952, when his mother
(said to be a cripple in news-
paper reports) married
Ralph
Sturgis, Fiorini
changed his name to Stur- ?
gi s.
His two-month disappear-.
once on that hunting trip in
1954 ended when Sturgis
STATINTL
turned up in San Diego. He
told police he remembered
little about the interval ex-
cept that it had been "too
late" for hunting, so he went
to a movie in Elizebeili City,
instead. Following the
movie, Sturgis said, he was
mugged and beaten by four
men.
By the time he showed up
in Cuba in 1953 (he became
interested in the revolution
when he attended a pro-Cas-
tro rally doting his Miami
honeymoo? a year ciirlier)
Sturgis was usine, the naine
l'iorini agoin. In a let ter wde-
lined, "High in flue moun-
tains" ot Cuba he wrote:
Pollowhw the march of
Castro's rebels into Havana,
Sturgis-claims that the new
premier made him co ersear
of gambling in that city.
Some exiles say the claim is
true, others say Sturgis was
simply posted at one of the
casinos as a bouncer.
; TA.. 1.1r c1111,
Approved For ReleaseNitiMitibirtIA-RDP80-016
24 JUN 1972
STATI NTL
+.J f t LRaid OP 11 1:('''''''/Orv-re'S
HOO 'Ad noo
1-1
From Lank, .Hcarin. Is
Told
By AGIS SAL?Uh:i!..S I 'McCord was released with the
Nen Yc:k "res 1 provision that he not leave .the
WASI-IING'i-ON, Jane 23 ?, Washington area and that he,
Bernard L. Barlter, 0:1a of the report to the local bail agency!
.. .
five rnsm arre:tded in the ralu en: every day.
...
I
the 17;cn-roartnic headquarters! An otLcial for the Federl.:-
last Sar_urdF.y, withdrew .Y.,(..,',- Communications Cemsnissionj
000 fro,t, a .:,.jar,-,i ban: on May F.3 id today that Mr. McCord had I
8, an AoFi:,:tant United Statc,:si been issued special temporarv!
Attorney, Earl 3. S1 it satd; tadio licenses for transmitters;
.today. The mon:-.:y inludec: on May 7 in connection with
;$
: security for the Repttblic.-tr. Na.
10,000 in ::160 hitls.
I Mr. Silbert said at a hearirt: Lionel Committee hcadquarto.rc.!
Ito determine if lu.til should be: The police said they found
. !reduced for t.le, five men that two walkie-tall'i'f:s with Mr.
!some of the S1C0 bills recov- :?,,..Coro then he and four other'
' 1,ered by the police at the Demo- men were arrested in the head_
Icratic headquarters and from' quarters of the Democratic Na-
the rooms of the suspects had tional Committee Cu the sixth
'cane from the same bent:, the floor of the Watergate Hotel.
IRenublie. National Bank of Sources close to the investi-
gation said that three of the
IHe sa:d that the SS9,C00 frequencies to - which the
was deposited at the bank in vial:de-talkies v,,cre: tuned wei-c,
the name of Barker Assoc. Inc.!!i'he frequencles assigned to Mr.
on April 21 ir: the form of feur.mecord by the F.C.C.
: checks drawn on the Fano? in-! The judge ai.so refused to
ternacional, S.A. of 1,:le:.:ico change the S00,t00 hail bend
City. I for Frank Sturgis, a hey figure
Mr. Silbert did not disclose in the Bay of Pigs invasion and
the source of the checks, which! Other anti-Castro movements.
were for ..24.C.00, Si:3M?,f;:.:-.t2,-1 Mr. Silbert called Mr. Sturgis
000 and $18,603. I a "soldier of fortune? and said
Joseph A. 'Rafferty Jr., thei that the police had found on
attorney for Mr. Pr..-ker. said his possession a visa from the
that his client had iniicatedi Mexican Government allow:tn.,:
that the checks had been dc-pus- I him to visit the country iron!
Red at the bank as part of a! Jan. 7 through April 6' of tub
real estate trrmsact.en and that year. The visa was made out
the money had rove: ted to him in the name of Edward Hamil-
jwhen the de21 feii thisaun, - 1:ton, the alias Mr. Sturgis usec '
, Mr. Barker, one of the top. 'when he registered with seven
!planners of the Bay of Pigs other men at the Watergate
!invasion in 1961, has been. from May 26 through May 29.
workhig as a real estate sales--I The Federal Bureau of Inves?
mart in Miami and is the presi- :tigaticn .is seeking four othei
dent or Barker Associates, Inc., ;men who stayed at the Water.
a small real estate company Igate. Cuban sources said that
there. I two of the men might be con-
Mr. Silbert argued at the Su-: inected to a group of Cuban
perior Court nearing before! !veterans of the Bay of Pigs in-
Judge james A. Pelson that Mr.! ,-vasion who have met in Miami
Barker's bail should net be: with American friends from
reduced because someone han-1 ! i?,,,,t, ..,..d .? ,, , ;?
, !Was u.. on c,,, ave,_.(1 0.1 ci-
(fling such large amounts of' roct action to combat what they
money : might try to leave thei Iviewed ! as left-wing causes in
country. I !the United States.
Judge Belson agreed, saying! I Jack Anderson, the nationally', i
that "a man with ;;;SD,000 is a: syndicated columnist who ap-.
very mobile person." He post-1 !pcared in court to. vouch for:
poned a ruling on the request! !yin . Sturgis, said that Mrd
to case bail until Monday, when: Sturgis toid him he had joihcd,
he vants Mr. Rafferty CO pre-1 :\1.1.. Barker to aid Cuban exiles,
sent affidavits from the bank, Iin the United States.
showing whether the money i : Mr. Anderson, who said he:
was part of a: real ,estatei was a long-time acquaintance!
J
!transaction.
The judge did accept a cash
! '
. of Mr. Sturgis, recalled that he:
had seen Mr. Sturgis at the Na-1
13'?AiRrArlet'i. .PAACI?Jtc.iRa.61k- 4"40#14-
110AP.r. "i4
1Jam 13 A-ApP80-01601R000500050001-4
curity official for the Repubh-:
can National Gornr-ittee. Mr.
STATI NTL
Approved For Ragiac-266+1634WreTA-RDP80-01
2 3 JUN 1972
Political Espionage
ONE of the more improbable events of this year's
surprise-packed presidential election extravaganza
was the seizure at gunpoint last Saturday of five men,
caught red-bander and red-faced while attempting to
bug the Washington headquarters of the Democratic
National Committee and rifle its files.
They were a curious bunch of bunglers indeed.
Their backgrounds included various involvements
either with the Central Intelligence Agency, anti-
Castro activities, or both. One of them was a former
White House consultant on "intelligence" and "the
flow of narcotics," subsequently employed as a writer
by a Washington public relations firm.
Top officials of the Republican Party immedi-
ately disclaimed any connection with the aborted
caper, and it is not difficult to believe them. Only a
real pinhead could have plotted such a comic opera
stunt, in which the risks of exposure always far out-
weighed any dubious possible rewards.
But the fact is that the attempt was made, and
made with highly sophisticated electronic, burglary
and photographic equipment ? the last apparently
intended to copy contents of file drawers which had
been opened. The charge of "political espionage"
hurled by Deniocratic National Chairman Lawrence
O'Brien thus seems hardly extravagant.
It is possible the intruders were working on
some crackpot scheme of their own. In that case the
puzzling question is what they hoped to accomplish.
It is also possible they were tools in a really sinister
if ill-conceived political plot. In that case the ques-
tion is who is really guilty.
In either case the integrity of the American
political process has been smeared by a cowardly and
ugly act. A full investigation and full disclosure of
all the facts is imperative, no matter what those facts
may reveal and no matter who may become implicated.
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Approved For Release 24111/03/110.: CIA-RDP80-
2 3 JUN 1972
9r15
_
Get the habsis!.
Where is CIA man Charles W. Colson. President
Nixon's special adviser?
Who in the White House has put this former top- /
flight CIA official in a protective deep-freeze?
He is the No. 1 man wanted to answer questions about
the bugging raid on Democratic Party headquarters last
Saturday. It was Colson who recommended E. Howard
Hunt. Jr.. to be a White House consultant: Hunt personally
headed the 1961 Bay of Pigs operation against Cuba.
There are damaging questions to answer about the
White House links to the five men arrested. especially to
one James W. McCord. McCord. arrested at gunpoint in
the dead of night last Saturday, has been "security spec-
ialist" for the GOP National Committee and for the Com-
mittee to Reelect the President. Hunt is said to have met
secretly with McCord in Miami a few weeks ago. .
The case has become even more serious with discov-
ery that the culprits had firebombs and bomb-making
devices with them. The White House; hs called it "a third
rate burglary effort" in its arrogant effort to bluff its way
out. - ?
The country must learn the. facts the White House is
desperately trying to conceal. Is some giant diversion
being cooked up in this pre-election period? Get to the
bottom of it!
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V2,7 YOPK
Approved For Release2210110S142 : CyriFirTEI-01
-
Cuban Veterans Group Linked
To Raid on Democratic Office
By TAD
special to The
WASHINGTON, June 22?
An organization made up of
Cuban veterans who served in
the United States Army after
participating in the Bay of Pigs
Invasion in 1961 was reported
by Cuban sources today to have.
been involved in last Saturday's
raid on the Democratic Na-
tional Committee headquarters.
The organization, believed to
be composed of scores of $00
Cubans trained at Fort Jack-
son, S. C., in 1933, is knowni
by its Spanish name of Ex-Com-
batientes Cubanos de Fort
Jackson.
According to Cuban sources,
'a number of the veterans, en-
listing the aid of other Cuban
refugees, met several times in
Miami with American friends
from Washington and agreed
on direct action to combat
SZULC
New York Times
Among other developments
in the case today were the
following:
,KPresident Nixon said at a
news conference that the White
House had "no involvement
whateoever" in the incident at
the Democratic headquarters.
Some Democratic leaders had
charged that "all the lines" in
this affair pointed to the White
House because E. Howard Hunt
Jr., a former ranking Centre,
. Intelligence Agenby official
1, whose name has been linked to
the raiders, served until last
:March as a part-time White
House consultant.
But Mr. Nixon said that this
kind of action had no place in
the electoral or government
!process, and that "the matter
is
under investigationY I
!police and the F.11.1." .
' CMr. Hunt, who has been tin-
reachable since last Sunday,
!telephoned his present employ-
er?Robert F. Bennett, presi-
dent
! of the Washington public
!relations firm of Robert R.
Mullen Company?last night to
say that he was leaving his
suburban Maryland home be-
cause of the "impact" the pub-
licity in the case was having
on his children.
Mr. Bennett said that Mr.
Hunt did not tell him where he
was going or for how long. M.
.
Bennett said that Mr. Hunt was
informed that the Mullen com-
pany had suspended him from
his job.
The District of Columbia Su-
perior Court reduced the bail of
the five jailed suspects by $10,-
000 each. Four of the five were
allowed by Judge James A.
Belson to post 10 percent of
the bail as bond v;i1-! the court.
None of them were released
today, however, because Judge
Belson also ruled that the sus-
pects must appear before him
in court to explain! the sources
of the bond money.
Bail ws reduced from $50,000
to S40,000 for 13e d L. E k
er, a wealthy Cuban-born
Miami realtor, and Frank Stur-
gis, an American with past in- '
volvements in Cuba.
It remained at $50,000 for
Eugenio R. Martinez, a notary
er be worked as reported by
the police, for a Miami lock-
smith company.
The bail was kept at $30,000
for James . McCord, formerly
associated with the Central In-
telligence Agency and until last
Monday the security chief for
the Republican National Com-
mittee and the Committee to
Re-Elect the President.
The judge also ordered all
five, after their release, to re-
main within the District of Co-
lumbia area and to report at
frequent intervals to the Dis-
trict's bonding agency.
An Assistant United States
ie Attorney, Earl J. Silbert, told
Judge Belson in court that Fed-
eral charges might soon be
brought against the five. Thus
far, they have been charged!
only with burglary in the Dis-
trict's jurisdiction. i
! Mr. Silbert said that Mr. Mc-
Cord was a "poor risk" in terms,
of remaining here after his I
release because in the lastl
two months he "traveled ex-
tensively."
tate Investment Fund, I,l
S.A., incorporated, in Panama.
,Mr. Suarez said that Mr.
I/
IP rker, or his wife, used the
or reservations at the Water-
gate for the group's arrival
ithere from Miami last Friday.
All the reservations were
made under false names. .
The prosecutor also told the
court that four of th five al-
leged raiders refused yesterday,
to answer questions put to
them by the FBI agents.
According to other sources,
Mr. Hunt, the former White'
iHouse consultant, also refused
;to answer F.B.I. questions earli-
er this week.
The Combatientes organiza-
tion was formed by former of-
ficers and Men of the Cuban
contingent that had served at
Fort Jackson . and elsewhere
with the United States Army.
Link to Reserve Unit
Cuban sources said that a
number of these veterans
banded together in the Corn-
batientes organization, which
for a time had a small office
what they viewed as left-wing
causes in the United States.
The group and its associates
are said by Cuban sources in
Miami to have had a role in
four incidents here since then,
beginning in early May. But it
is not known whether the Corn-
batientes decided alone on spe-
cific actions or in response to
'requests by others.
' The Miami sources said that
,Angel Ferrer, president of the
Combatientes, and Humberto
Lopes, a member, were in
.Washington, staying at the
.Watergate Hotel, at the time
of the alleged attempt to install
secret listening devices at the
IDemocratic headquarters, which
is in the office building adjoin-
ing the hotel.
They were also said to have
visited here previously. Eight
:persons from Miami were regis-
!tered at the hotel under: false
'names and four of them were
arrested when the police foiled
the break-in. The fifth arrested
man was from the Washington
area.
Cuban sources said that two
of those detained were or hadI
been members of the Corn-.
-batientes. Mr. Ferrer and Mr.
Lopes could not be found in
Miami today. Four persons are
being sought for questioning by
the Federal Bureau o
gation and the Wiobrifa
police. i
He said that Mr. McCord, on in Miami. They said that Mr.
Hunt and Mr. McCord main-
his last trip to -Miami, . about tamed loose contacts with the
two weeks ao, rented two dif- group over the years.
ferent apartments. These sources also reported
Cuban sources reported car- that some contact existed be-
lier that both Mr. McCord and tween the Cubans and a spe-
Mr. Hunt had made' several cial Washington-based United
trips to Miami since late March, States Military Reserve unit
apparently to meet with Mr. preparing and updating plans
Barker and his Cuban political for the wartime information
associates. security program.
Mr. Bennett of the- Mulleni The 16-man unit, which is
company said that Mr. Hunt!allegedly also concerned with
had made at least one trip to;radicals in the United States,-
Miami this spring. ioperates under the Office of
Mr. Fie nt was the princi
Plaier
_mergency Plans and Prepare,cl
C.I.A. official in charge of t :
Bay of Pigs invasion, using th ness which is a part of the
, ?T" mr. Executive office of the Presi-
code name cluardp.
Barker, then known eaes. dent.
"Macho," was closely associ- Mr. McCord, a former Air
ated with him in the invasion longed to this unit until several
Force lieutenant -colonel, be-
preparations, as was Mr. Mc-
Cord. months ago.
Bank Records Studied James H. Landis, a retired
Army colonel who heads the
unit, refused to comment today
when he was asked by a re-
porter whether he knew Mr.
Hunt or ever head of him be-
fore this week.
The i .
F.B.I. investigation in
'Miami spread today to a local
bank where records were sub-
poenaed because of suspicion
ome o $100 bills, to-
taling $5,300, f ound on the
raiders and in their hotel moths
had come from there.
It was Mr. Barker, according
to his business partner, who
made the arrangements to book
the rooms at the Watergate:
for nine persons.
Miguel R. Suarez, a Miami
lawyer, said that sometime last
month Mr. Barker obtained
from his office letterheads of,
Ameritas, Inc., a corporationl
set up in April, 1969, to put upl
an apartment building in Hia-I
leah, Fla.
Mr. Barker is associated with
Mr. Suarez...wha_
F124044ithOlAtataidA 601 R000500050001 -4.
.owned subsidiary of the latter'si
public and an employe of Mr.
Marker, and Virgilio R. Gon-
zales, a locksmith. Cuban
sources said that these two
men appeared to have had
links with the combatants.
Judge Belson reserved his de-
fhVrAtOck-?gROtIt
t could be ascertained wheth-
Post
Approved For Release al:/pliQ3/04'Z CIA-RDP80-01601
By Peter Jay
And Kirk Scharfenberg
Washington Post Staff Wrttets
7'IMAMI, June 22?Por
lhliami's exile community, last
Saturday's unsuccessful effort
to .bug the Washington officea
of the Democratic National
Committee seemed to have ev-
erything: conspiracy, Cuban
agents and the CIA.
alt 'had all the elements of
what one intelligence veteran
cal,led "this subsurface bust-
ness",?CJA involvement with
Cii,ban affairs?and interest
was. heightened by vague re-
ports of Cuban-led disruptions
of :this summers two national
political conventions across
the.hay at Miami Beach
The local rumor mills are
still turning out new theories
about the bugging, while lead-
ers of militant anti-Castro
groups continue to seek to dis-
sociate, themselves from Ber-
need.:L Barker, Virgilio Gon-
zales and Eugenio R. Martinez
?the. three Cubans among the
f(ve men arrested in the Dem-
ocrats' Watergate headquar-
ters.
Two main theories about the
bugging attempt seem to be
emerging here, neither of
them based on anything more
than the reputations of the
Men involved, a Latin pen-
chant for conspiracies and a
bit Of guesswork.
? One Is that the three?along
with their American compan-
ions, former Central Intelli-
gence Agency man James W.
McCord Jr. end Frank A. Stun
gis?were free-lance adventur-
ers who hoped to sell their sto.
len intelligence to the highest
bidder.
Not surprisingly, the other
theory is that the five were
sent on their mission by high-
ranking Republicans.
"Isn't it too bad they got
caught?it's so embarrassing,"
Cuban member of the Amer-
ican Club?a business organi-
zation here with a substantial
and conservative Latin mem-
bership?told a friend the
bther day.
9
Ciop
6
0 I P. I IIN I L
7,7 /30 9
ei el 7 7
J Lib
STATI NTL
tered pins denoting Al2lea 6.61 Dade County's population?,
chapters in other cities. If it r are active in organized anti-
had ben ordered by the !: Castro activity, but anti-corn.
White House, it would have muntsm is widely professed,
been done better." 1 Many of this area's 28 Span-
Medina said he letieye 7--,(eth-: ish-language weekly newspa-
ing of .ameritas, aMi_eni. ?lee pers have called for counter-
eanization to which \', -'''?'Ing. demonstrations against youth-
ton police said the V. a (::"at.e', ful protesters expected at the
Five belonged, or of Irca.ear?dy national political conventions..
E. Hunt Jr., a novelist. rieinelz According te one Cuban jour-
White House consultaat . and :nalist, one such paper said the
longtime CIA operative weir,se 'I protesters are "dirty hippies"!
name was found in tae 5U5- who should be sent packing.
pects' notebooks, and -ho r.,las
By and large, the Cuban ,
-a --aa':! community is relatively pros-1
since dropped from ei 2 i
(Ameritas was identified ,c 1
- es." )erous?with the median !
icrday as a c?rPc'r.ati" Pr' rliousehold income over $8,000
moting and developing real es- 1
'la veer, according to census fig-
late projects for a Panarnanian
iir'es, contrasted with under
company.)
He said he knew Gonzales
and Martinez slightly by repu-
tation, but knew nothing of
Barker. Tomas Cruz, the head
of another, larger anti-Castro
group, also denicd knowina
parker?although by the ac-
count of Cuban journalists
and other sources, Barker was
well known throughout the
anti-Castro movement here for
his role in helping run the
abortive Bay of Pigs invasion
in 1961.
Ever since the Bay of Pigs,
Cubans in Miami have tended :V
to see CIA involvement every-
where, observers of the com-
munity here say. "The CIA's
been out of business here for
at least five years," one knowl-
edgable Cuban source said,
"but no one will believe that."
Here are two accounts:
"Obviously it's a CIA job,"
said one Cuban broadcast
journalist. "Look at those $100
(bills) the police found on'
those five guys. I remember
when CIA front groups used
to buy time on our station and
always paid in consecu-
tively numbered $100 bills.
One group's bills would follow
another's. See?"
"A friend of mine was just
paid $700 to disrupt the Demo-
cratic Convention," another
source said. "The man who
hi aid he worked
1$6,000 for black families here
and $9,200 for the area as. a
whole.
According to some observ-
ers of the Cuban scene here,
the paramount political con-
cerns among exiles are domes-
tic?crime and wages?rather
than foreign questions such as
American policy toward Cuba;
and the overthrow of Castro:
that now appears unlikely. .
' paid it to m s
Diego Medina; a physician 1 for the CIA. My friend tooka
who heads Alpha 66, one of the money and went to Puerto
Miami's main anti-Castrol,Rico."
groups, subscribes . to the On such accounts are local
theory that the Watergate sus- legends built.
"It was so badly done, so ' Only a fraction of the Miami
pects were free-lancers.
area's 300,000 Spanish-speak-
amateurish," he akiedeasitting in.e.?ealeete_emere_thiniae .
his office beneP8PriaMeet Wrenplig404040135. .
r ), 04 : CIA-RDP80-01601R0005000500014
the United .States with scat- who make up a quarter of
Approved For Releas62061;f0/047:ACIA-RDP80-0
23 JUN 1972
By MERWIN IC SIGALE
?
Star Slat' Writer
MIAMI?The FBI's Miami
office, investigating the bung-
led break-in at Democratic
National Committee head-
quarters in Washington, is
looking into Ameritas, Inc.,
a real estate venture founded
with visions of financial glory.
Ameritias entered the al-
ready confused picture when
authorities in Washington dis-
'closed that the firm's station-
ary had been used in making
reservations at the Watergate
-Hotel for four of the five ar-
rested men and four others
whose identities have not been
uncovered. All used false
nam. ?
It turns out that Ameritas
is linked to a parent offshore
mutual fund that never , got
off the ground, and both are
headed by Miguel A. Suarez,
a businesss associate of Miami
realtor Bernard L. Barker,
who is one of the five sus-
pects.
FBI Called Him
Suarez confirmed that Bark-
er has helped him promote a
condominium project for
Ameritas in the Miami area.
The FBI's interest was dis-
closed by William Alexander
of North Miami Beach, a for-
mer president of Ameritas.
He said in an interview that
FBI agents had called and
asked to see him. Agents
G
[1
i i 1 j I.1 Iii
Agents talked previously with
Suarez after he had revealed
his association with Barker
in several condominium pro-
jects.
Alexander, . a 4i-year-old
test pilot for Eastern Airlines,
said that he "verbally re-
signed" as president of Am-
ertas more than two years
ago and that the corporation
has since been run by Suarez,
a Miami lawyer and dabbler
in state and local Republican
politics.
It appeared that the FBI's
desire to question Alexander
stemmed from an effort to
contact everyone who might
have knowledge of the sus-
pects. Alexander said, howev- ?
er, that he had never heard of
any of them except Frank
Fiorini, also known as Frank
Sturgis, whom he knew only
by reputation.
"Without My Authority"
Suarez issued a statement in
which he said that Ameritas
"is not a mysterious right-
wing anti-Castro organization"
but a Florida real estate cor-
poration. .
If the Ameritas name or sta-
tionery were used at the Wa-
tergate, he said, "it was with-
out my authority, consent or
knowledge."
The New York Times quoted
Suarez as saying that Barker
obtained Ameritas stationery
n r, 7-?-?
r,zjL\;
k.leradal Li LI
at Suarez' office and that Bar- Service did it until massive
her or his wife used it in writ- redemptions by shareholders
big for reservations at the W
a-
tergate for last Friday. The
Democratic office, in a build-
ing adjoining the hotel, was
raided early Saturday.
Alter early speculation that
Ameritas might be a Cuban
exile organization, ? a check
with the Florida secretary of
state's office revealed that it
was a real estate development
firm incorporated April 9,
1939, with Alexander as presi-
dent and Suarez as vice presi-
dent.
Alberto Carricarte, Suarez'
law partner, was listed as sec-
retary and Hector de Lara, an
accountant, as treasurer.
Bay of Pigs Pilot
According to Alexander, a
Cuban-born naturalized Amer-
ican who piloted supplies to
the Bay of Pigs beachhead in
1961, Ameritas was formed to
carry out construction pro-
jects for All State Investment
Fund, S.A. This was confirmed
by Snares.
Alexander said that All
State, established by Suarez
in Panama where it could en-
joy tax exemptions, was to fi-
nance the ambitious venture
by selling shares throughout
Latin America?much theWay
Keith Barish's Gramco Inter-
national and Bernard Corn-
feld's Investors Overse
rocked their financial empires
in 1970.
"The only reason we didn't
start was that we didn't have
money," said Alex ande r.
"Then Gramco had troubles
and we forgot about it." He
said the outlook seemed bleak
because All State intended to
"sell the same idea in a differ-
ent way."
Conceived by Suarez
Alexander said that Suarez,
?'.'horn he described as still a
friend, conceived the idea of
All State and Ameritas. Had
they envisioned All State be-
coming as big as Gramco or
IOS? "As big? Maybe big-
ger!" Alexander said.
Literature prepared under
the name of All State shows
some of the projects that
Ameritas anticipated building
in the United States and Latin
America ?hospitals, nursing
homes, condominium apart-
ments, "boatels," and airport
hotels integrated with general '
aviation facilities.
Each All State descriptive
page included the notation,
"This construction project was
prepared by Ameritas, Inc."
One project so advertised and
actually completed was Tel--
Aviv Tower, condominium
apartments in Miami Beach.
However, Alexander said that
Suarez built and sold the build-,
ing.. on his own, not throtigh
Arneritas.
Describing Barker's role in
Ameritas, Suarez said the firm
Is "negotiating a real estate
condominium development in
Dade County, which Barker
Associates, Inc. and I have
been promoting since early
May, 1972." Barker Associates
is the name of Barker's realty
firm.
Suarez and Barker also are
associated in Biarritz Tower, a
27-unit condominium in Miami
Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP8O-01 6Oaa iSO int.he
? Biarritz enterprise is Jose
Garciga, Suarez' cousin.
STATI NTL
Approved For Release 200.1I0304LICEIA-RDP80-01601
22 JUN 1972
Bugging Is No Joke
- White House spokesman Ronald Ziegler's flip dismissal
of the attempted bugging of Democratic party national
headquarters is in keeping with the Nixon Adminis-
tration's casual attitude toward the issue of electronic
-surveillance. The. abortive espionage, Mr. Ziegler would
have us understand, is nothing more than a "third-rate
burglary" unworthy of comment.
The press secretary's assessment stands in ironic juxta-
position to the recent unanimous Supreme Court decision
declaring domestic wiretapping by the Government with-
out prior court approval unconstitutional. Because the
very viability of an open society rests on the legal
protection of freely exchanged ideas, any indiscriminate
attempt to intrude on the privacy of law-abiding citizens
by electronic means has sinister implications and requires
investigation.
This is particularly true in light of the prior affiliations
of those arrested. All five men have had C.I.A. connec-
tions and one is employed by President Nixon's re-election
committee as a security coordinator: Another individual,
E. Howard Hunt, whose name is listed in the address
books of two of those apprehended, has been a consultant
to a White House special counsel.
The President's campaign manager, former Attorney
'General John Mitchell, denies foreknowledge of the raid,
and any evidence linking the Republican party to the
incident is at this point circumstantial. The Democratic
National Committee's suit against the Committee to
Re-elect the President rings of election-year partisanship
ead hvoerbole. The auestion remains, however, by
whom anti for what purpose the budging was ordered.
mr. s refusal to make himself available for queF.-
i:Con;ftg, and the Republican Natkmal Committee's internal
memo ordering those on the payroll to be silent, serve
only to fuel speculation about the direction and motives
1 of the act.
A thorough Federal investigation is in the best interest
of both political parties and the nation as a whole._
Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601R000500050001-4
Approved For Release 2001/03/04 : CIA-RDP80-016
TRE.NTON, N. J.
TIMES
E - 81,855
TIMES-ADVERTISER STATINTL
S - 102,422
AJNI 221972
- ?
1 Who would want to eavesdrop on
the operations of the Derozratic
National Coalwittee, going so far
as to lire some CIA types to do
a.-
' the dirty work?
Surely not John Mitchell, the
1 President's campaign manager,
whose assertion as attorney gener-
al of the right to wiretap domestic
dissidents without court approval
has just been unanimously over-
turned by Supreme Court justices,
' including those he picked himself.
Certainly not "Tricky Dick"
,himself, who understands the need
to keep political secrets, especially
the identity of those who have
contributed $10 million to his cam-
paign fund.
IMaybe it was Hubert Hum-
Lots Of Suspects
phrey, trying to find out if he's,
still on the committee's mailing
list.
Or Lawrence O'Brien, the na-
tional chairman, who sees in a $1
million wiretap suit against. the
.Committee to Re--elect the Presi-
dent a chance to redistribute in-
come from rich Republicans to
poor Democrats.
Perhaps it was a follower of the
late Will Rogers,. wondering if
there's an organized political party
there after all.
Or it might have been Joe
McGinnis, preparing a -sequel to
his 1963 success to be titled "The
Bugging of the President."
Who knows?
Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601R000500050001-4
Four
In
Approved For Release 2909M4N: DI$tie-RDP
22 JUN 1972
More Sight
Wiretap Case
By William L. Claiborne
and Alfred E. Lewis
Washington Post Staff Writer
_Metropolitan police said the campaign headquarters
they and the FBI were looking break-in Saturday right.
last night for four more per- Police Insp. Ernest J. Prete,
sons in connection with the
apparent attempted wiretap-
ping Saturday at the Demo-
cratic National Committee
headquarters here.
who is coordinating the local
investigation of the break-in
challenged published reports
yesterday that the motive was
to remove electronic listening
devices rather than to install
them. Prete spoke to reporters
The four men, all of whom after meeting for 11,Z hours
were registered, at the Water- with commanding officers of
gate Hotel from May 26-29, the police burglary squad and
the second police district.
"To say that they were de-
bugging is strictly
conjecture ... It's anyone's
identified themselves on hotel
registration 'forms as members
of an organization . called
Ameretas. Police sources de-
scribed Ameretas as a right guess what they were doing,"
wing, anti-Castro Cuban exile Prete said.
organization in Miami, but
The Washington Post, in Varying Probe ???
checks since Saturday with Prete emphasized that the
right-wing and Cuban groups, metropolitan police depart-
has found no evidence of its ment is investigating only the
existence. burglary in the Watergate,
while the FBI is concerning it-
Police refused to diVulge
the names of the four new sus-
pects, but said that two listed
their homes as New York City.
one said he was from Kansas
and the fourth identified him-
self as a resident of Miami.
One of the four men, police
said, had a Spanish surname.
The suspects were regis-
tered at the same time as five
other men, including the se-
curity chief of the Committee t Police yesterday also dis-
o
for the Re-election of the Pres- on the fact that a private secu-
ident, all of whom were ar- ritY guard discovered taped closed the seizure of several
rested Saturday in the sixth- door
locks in the suite 20 min. items Saturday night that* al-
floor Watergate offices of the utes before police arrived at legedly belonged to the sus-
Democratic Party. the scene and made the ar-
At the time of ,the arrests, rests.
police seized electronic sur- , In other developments -yes-
veillance devices and cameras terday, the manager of the
normally used for copying doe-
Watergate Hotel said that he
uments.
_ did not know why his name
? and telephone number were
STATINTL
hotel and these were regis-
tered guests."
Neal said he does not nor-
, mally handle reservations for
the hotel, but often solves re-
servations problems. He said,
"This is the only reason I can
think why my name would,be
there."
; Cautioned to Silence
I!: When asked further about
, the inclusion of his name in
i the suspects' papers, Neal
said, "I have a very good idea
I why, but I have been asked
lby federal authorities not to
speak on this question."
self with possible violation of
civil rights and the interstate
aspects of he incident.
Police sources said that
there was evidence that the
persons who broke into the
Democratic offices were inside
the suite of rooms for at least
20 minutes before they were
, In response to further!
'questioning, Neal said. "You!
weren't listening to -what I
just said. I've been asked by
federal authorities not to
speak on this question."
It was also learned yester-
day that one of the two pri-
vates security guards on duty
at the Watergate office build-
ing Saturday night has been
summoned for disciplinary ac-
tion by his employer.
The guard, whom police and
officials of the General Serv-
ices, Inc., refused to identify,
left his post shortly before
the breakin, saying he was ill,
it was learned.
Major Ira O'Neal, of the se-
curity firm, said the guard
would face company discipli-
nary action.
However, Frank Wills, the
$80-a-week security guard who
discovered the breakin, has
been promoted to corporal
and has received a 5 per cent
arrested. salary increase, according to
They based this information O'Neal.
pects.
These included:
A letter to Eugenio R. Mar-
tinez, a Miami real estate
salesman and one of those ar-
rested, reportedly from the
Bay of Pigs Veterans Associa-
Four of the five men
listed in an address book con- ,tion, soliciting $4 in dues; sev-
charged with felonious bur- eral street maps of Washing-
tion
of the sus-
glary and attempted intercep-' I t d from
ton and Roanoke, Va.; a page,
pects arrested Saturday.
tion of electronic messages torn from the travel 'section of
were registered at the Water- Carlo Neal's name and phone
gate under ficticious names, number were found in an the Miami News, and a page
police said. Each had listed address book and on. a sep-
torn from the Washington tel-
himself as being affiliated al-ate piece of paper among ephone directory, listing the
with an organization called the suspects' belongings. When tional Caddress of the Democraitc ommittee.
Na-
Ameretas. , asked why his name should -
?
Police also were investigat-
be there, he said:
ing reports last night that a "My name? It's news to mer
woman stayed at the Water- said Neal, adding, "I can guess
gate in May with
men who have bem
A? NEIXIlii*C21/
003/04: CIA-RDP80-01601R000500050001-4
e e t
or arrested in connection with
Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-
TA IL
? wools iiisee
DECATUR, ILL.
HERALD
LI ? 35,332
HERALD?REVIEW
S ? 55,924
?JUN 2 2 1972
ar Da We Go With Slica
?
: DEMOCRATS understandably
are trying to take partisan ad-
vantage of the bungled attempt
to break into and "bug" their
national headquarters.
There are some comic
overtones to the whole affair,
particularly the possible in-
volvement in the scheme of the
retired CIA official who was in
charge Pigs
operation in 1961.
Aside from the "Gang That
Couldn't Shoot Straight" aspects
of the incident, however, there
are some more serious issues
involved.
Most important are the possi-
ble abuses of the legalized
wiretapping that Congress and
the U.S. Supreme Court have
authorized.
For any administration 'in
power, any bureaucrat or any
campaign worker the temptation
is great to stretch legalized
wiretapping in the name of na-
tional security to the point of
? -
indulging electronic eavesdrop-
ping, whether court authorized
or not, to suspected "radicals.
' From there it is but a short step
to illegal snooping on more con-
ventional political enemies, such
as the national political party
opposed by some "true
believer" or an unscrupulous
political hack whose cynicism
ignores legal bounds.
Vigorously conducted political
campaigns are one thing; resort
to electronic snooping with all
its overtones of providing
material for potential blackmail
is something else.
Political espionage by those
working in campaigns, of cc/arse,
is hardly so rare as the
Democratic national chairman
suggested in his statement an-
nouncing a suit against a Nixon
campaign organization.
And the Democratic chairman
has yet to prove in court the
kind of direct link to the White
House he alleged in that state-
ment, a statement that at times
'bordered on the same kind of
disregard for civil liberties that
the aborted eledunic Fnooping
effort evidenced.
The point is not that one or the
other of the political parties is
evil.
The point is that as a nation 1
and as a people we had better
reassess the degree to which we
wish to see "snooping" pervade
our private lives and our public
life as well as how far we want
to have the end justify any
means ? legal or not ? in our
political campaigns. .
Those issues are age ? old
ones, but ones that have great
relevaney in the. Twentieth
Century, where . totalitarian
systems with all their dossiers,
and secret police and perpetual,
pervasive snooping have made a;
mockery of freedom for millions;
of people.
Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601R000500050001-4
Approved For Release 3kgrbIA-RDP8
O'Brien's break-in suit
names Ni Xff El backers
ny WALTER R. GORDON
Washington Bureau of The Sun
Washington?The expanding agencies in Washington and Mi-
controversy over an attempt to ami and assorted other agents
bug and burglarize Democratic in Miami, all taking a piece of
party headquarters here took a the action.
new twist yesterday as Law- A spokesman for the Justice
rence F. O'Brien, the Demo- Department said the "leading
role" in the case is being
played by Harold H. Titus, Jr.,
U.S. attorney here. Mr. Titus
has put his principal assistant,
Earl J. Silbert, in charge of the
probe.
Evidence gathered by investi-
gators will be presented to a
federal grand jury here,
The five defendants, one from
Rockville, Mcl., and four from
Miami, are being held in jail
here on charges of second-de-
gree burglary and interfering
with federal communications.
John Wilson, a Justice De-
ed for the burglary to the Nix partment public information of-
on re-election committee, the ficer, said the FBI role in the
Republican National Commit. case is based on possible in-
tee, local Republican organiza. volvement of a section of Title
tions in Montgomery county 3 of the 1968 Omnibus Crime
and Miami, and even to the Control and Safe Streets Act
White House itself, that prohibits 'unauthorized
There were ac:ditional signs electronic surveillance.
yesterday that up to nine men The law, Mr. Wilson said,
may have been involved, that also prohibits "endeavors" at
they may have been planning wiretapping and makes it ille-
the burglary for at leapt a gal to possess certain types of
month and that they may have electronic equipment.
been successful in planting One of the innumerable unan-
some electronic devices. swered questions is why the
Yesterday afternoon, FBI! five defendants have not posted
agents showed Democratic staff j bail, which was set at $30.000
members pictures of visitors to for the Rockville man and
the party headquarters.
The investigation is taking on j
all the aspects of a first-raidj
mystery as large numbers ofj
local and federal agents pursue'
the probe in Miami and Wash-
ington.
And the cloak-and-dagger as-
pect of the tale is not lessened
by the fact that the principal
cratic national chairman,
named the Nixon campaign ce-
ganization as a defendant in a
$1 million invasion-of-privacy
suit.
"As far aJ I am concerned,"
Mr. O'Brien said at a press
conference, "there is a clear
line of direction to the Commit-
tee for the Re-election of the
President and a developing
clear line to the. White House."
Possibly nine men
A succession of disclosures
has linked the five men arrest-
characters were initially re-
cruited by the Eisenhower ad-
ministration to organize the
abortive Bay of Pigs invasion
of Cuba.
A number of those with direct
or indirect links to the case
were employed by the Central
Intelligence Agency. 11.1. ,
The number of investigating\ tioned whether the kind of files! and makes plans for censorship Mitchell, the President's cam-
agencies is continuing to prolif- lmentioned by Mr. O'Brien should a world war break out.
\ .paign director, denounced it as
crate, with the Justice Depart- 1 would be worth the "astonish- He is reported to have --- . -
ment, the FBI, the District oil ingly large risk" involved in worked for Republicans in local '"sheer demagoguery" and a
that the raid had been or
by someone in the White House,
the re-election committee or the
Republican party; that an "ov-
erzealous underling" organized
the raid without authorization,
or that some Democrat had
Some reports depict Mr.
staged the raid to embarrass
McCord as the leader of the
the Republicans.
five men arrested at the Demo-
None of the three theories,
cratic headquarters in the Wat-
however, has won many after-
ergate office building early Sat-
up with a more plausiable ver-
make securi y preparations for
the Republican National Con-
vention. The same hotels visit-
ed by Mr. McCord will he used
by the Democratic National
Convention five weeks earlier.
sion.
With the facts still unclear,
the issue appears to be moving
simultaneously into the political
and legal arenas, both of which
were detectable in Mr.
O'Brien's press conference yes-
terday.
Ile said he is asking for
$100,000 in compensatory dam-
Bay of Pigs participant
But others believe the leader
to be Bernard L. Barker, a
partner in a Miami real estate
agency.
An American of Cuban birth,
he is described as an important
participant in the Bay of Pigs
invasion. One report said he
STATI NTL
was the top aide to Bender, the /
ages and. $0a0,000 in punitive 1 alias used by the CIA agent /
damages. , who ran the clandestine opera-
The civil suit, filed yesterday ' tion. .
in federal district court here, Mr. Barker's partner in the,
names as defendants the re- real estate agency ran unsuc-
election committee, the five ar- cessfully for mayor of Miami
rested men and McCord Asso- as a Republican, and he is said
ciates. Inc.. a Rockville securi- to have been the liaison man
ty company operated by one of between the Cuban community
those arrested, and former Republican Gov.
Without actually stating that Claude Kirk.
the White House or the Nixon One of the defendants is re-
campaign committee had or- puted to be wealthy and an-
dered the raid, Mr. O'Brien other well off.
suggested that they probably The bugging incident clearly
had done so and charged the has Republicans worried and
Republicans with "gutter poli- defensive.
tics." . Turning away questions
Although who ordered the
raid and why remains a mys- At the White House, the Jus.-
tery, there is a mounting N'01- tice Department, and the re-
ume of evidence linking the election committee routine re-
q ests for appointments and in-
5O,000
to the Republican
party. f rmation have been pigeon-
$50,000 for the Floridians. They ()led for hours or days while
probably could win release by ; James W. McCord, Jr., a 53- public relations men concen-
putting up only 10 per cent of year-old resident of Rockville, trate on the bugging incident.
the full bond. was at the time. of the Saturday Ronald L. Ziegler, the White
Mr. O'Brien said yesterday raid the top security official for House'
d press secretary, contin-
that the party headquarters both the Nixon re-election corn- ue yesterday to turn away
does contain confidential files. mittee and the Republican Na-
questions in an apparent effort
He gave as examples communi-
tional Committee. In addition, 1 to keep the President, as far
cations with people around the
his company was under con- j removed from the case as pos-
country, plans for the fall cam-
tract to the re-election commit-1 sible.
paign and lists of key workers.
But other Democratic sources tee. j "This is something the Presi-
Until two years ago, he , dent will not get personally
said the bulk of the confidential
f the CIA.
files were in the offices of the worked? involved in," he said yesterday
A lieutenant colonel in the
treasurer or in Mr. O'Brien's at a regular White house brief-
Air Force reserves, he was un-
personal office, and neither of ing for reporters.
til recently a member of a
them had been entered by the
small top-secret military group He refused to comment on
burglars.
one source ques- that compiles lists of radicals the O'Brien suit, but John M.
Columbia Police pioa,a61)stunt."
0
There were a e
and the United IltOttlitor- 61;',:i4"6-T44k1g9qiu9
-4' t
CPI
Amont-4 his other recent activ- jPresident's Florida ome, Mr.
ney's office, private security theories being bandied about:
' ities, he flew down to Miami to Ziegler had seemed to put pri-
oonlei
Itiq:214271.Sfr:2:7S
Approved For Release2200M/114 : CIA-RD
.1,11 .11 ?
yf lb r? ?I ?:? = ? k '1%i,\ (7271? os
!`J 14.
1
3 n F
_ L
BY JACK NELSON -
Times Staff Writer
WASHINGTON ? Howard E.
Hunt Jr., a former cosuhant to pres-
idential counsel Charles W. Colson,
was sought for questioning Tuesday
by FBI agents investigating the at-
tempted bugging of Democratic Na-
tional Committee offices here.
The name and telephone number
of Hunt, a former CIA official who
reportedly was the CIA's director of
the abortive Bay of Pigs invasion of
Cuba in 1(.161. were found in the ad-
dress books of two of five suspects
arrested at gunpoint in the Demo-
cratic offices at the- time of the bilg-
ing. Hunt dropped from sight after
refusing to discuss the incident.
Robert Fe Bennett, president of a
public relations company where
Hunt is employed aS a writer, said
Hunt left Washington for New York
Monday after assuring him that he
!was nowhere around" the Demo-
cratic offices at the time of the bug-
ging attempt..
Meantime. Democratic National
Chairman Lawrence F. O'Brien filed
a Si million damage suit against the
committee to Reelect the.. President,
the suspects in the case and others.
O'Brien contended the break-in
was an invasion of privacy and that.
the Democrats' civil rights had been
violated. He charged that the break-
in bad a "clear line of direction" to
the Committee to Reelect the. Pres.
ident and that there was a "develop--
ing clear line to the White House."
Former Atty. Gen. Jolm N. Mitch-
ell, chairman of the Committee
to Reelect the President, called the
Democrats' lawsuit a political stunt,
He said it "represents another exam-
ple of sheer demagoguery
on the part of Mr. O'Brien."
: Bennett said that after
-FBI agents questionert
him about Hunt, he tried.
without success to find
him
him in the office of a New
York client Hunt had
planned to N'iSit. Bennett
said he left word in the of-
fice for Hunt to return to
his Washington office by
this morning or be sus-
pended from his public re- e
lations job:
? Hunt joined the public
relations company about
two years ago, li4ine- as
references Colson, P.'-g)/59v0 For
rector Richard Helms and
columnist William F.
Buckley. The company is
located on Pennsylvania
ANT. across the street from
the Executive -Office
Building, where Hunt
maintained an office as a
parttime consultant to
Colson. He held the con-
sultant post for about a
year, until last March.
Cuban sources in Miami
have been quoted as say-
ing that Hunt met with
one of the suspects arrest-
ed in the case, Barnard L.
Barker, about two weeks
ago in Miarei
Invasion Preparations
Barker, a Florida real
estate deale r. allegedly
Avorkerhincier Hunt in the
preparations for the ill-fat-
ed Bay of Pigs invasion.
Bennett confirmed that
Hunt also was an acquaint-
ance of- another of the
suspects. Jamss W. Mc-)
Cord, a former CIA official
who served as security di-
rector of the Committee to
reelect the President and
for the Republican Nation-
al Committee. Both com-
mittees deplored the bug-
ging attempt and fired Mc-
Cord.
McCord was among
those named in O'Brien's
lawsuit.
thS. Atty. Harold H. Ti-
tus Jr. of the District of
Columbia said the FBI
and the police were coop-
erating in an investigation
of the "burglary and the
attempted bugging of-
fenses" and that a federal
grand jury, would be con-
vened to hear evidence.
- Police have said that a
sixth suspect may have
participated in the bug-
ging attempt aml managed
to elude arresting officers.
Bennett, who described
Hunt as "quite interested"
in Republican politics,
said he would be shocked
if he learned that the writ.-
AAileYia6-461/814
?
Hunt, 53, served- with
the CIA from 10-19.to 1970
developing and guiding
media operations abroad
and negotiating with se-
nior officials of foreign
countries. He ha s de-
scribed himself as a senior,
member of special task
forces during two periods
of national crises and as a
participant in White
House conferences on se-
Cirrity matters.
In Who's Who, Hunt
listed 42 novels written
under three pseudonyms
--Robert Dietrich, John
Baxter and Gordon Davis.
Meanwhile. Republican
National Committee offi-
cials said they knew little
about McCord's company
?McCord Associates, Inc.
of Rockville, Md.?which
the committee hired for
security work. They said.
they did not know the
identity of other officers-of
the company or of other
clients. .
Records in the Maryland
secretary of state's office
show that the company
was not incorporated until
Nov. 10, 1071 ? several
weeks after it signed a
contract with the commit-
tee.
Directors were listed as
McCord and his wife and
Dorthy N. Berry of Hous-
ton. Mrs. Berry, an oil
company employe, told a
reporter she was Mr. Mc-
Cord's sister but that she
knew nothing of the corn-
1!)ny and that the-di-d-n-o-t-
know she was listed as a
director.
Under Maryland law a
company Must list three.
directors when it is incor-
porated.
The company'.s corpor-.
ate charter mentions noth-
ing about security work
:hCIALRD080c4046011R000500050001-4
purpose as "business ser?-
,icea, studies, analyses, re-
ports in connection with STATINTL
business, industry, acade-
mic institutions." ?
The company, which is
not licensed to perform se-
curity services ? as re-
quired by law?failed to
file its 1972 tax return
with the secretary of
state's office by the April
15 deadline.
MIAMI, FLA.
N 2 11974/P proved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP8
E - 93,538
FBI agents in Miami have
fanned out in an "extensive
investigation" into the back-
ground and activities of the
four Miamians who were
'among five men arrested in
Washington, D.C., - and
charged with breaking into
the Democratic National
Committee headquarters last
weekend."
Kenneth Whittaker, spe-
cial agent in charge of the
Miami FBI office, said: "We
are conducting an extensive
investigation and have inter-
viewed many persons in
Miami, including .members of
the Miami Cuban colony.
who at that time was the se-
curity coordinator for the
committee to re-elect Presi-
dent Nixon.
All five have figured in
Cuban revolutionary activi-
ties and at least three have
had links with the CIA. ,
The names tvf athrter-
son, E. Howard Hunt, a for-
mer consultant to a high
White House official, has
also been injected into the
mysterious caper. Hunt's
name and home telephone
number were written in ad-
dress books carried by Marti-
nez and Barker.
Hunt reportedly .was sec-
ond in command of the
Cuban arm of the CIA which
plotted the abortive Bay of
Pigs invasion ? of Cuba in
1961.
In Washington, a police in-
ventory of items in the sus-
pects' possession was, re-
leased, and it raised the
question of whether one or
more of them might have
been planning a trip abroad.
Among the items was said
to be Page 4D of the June 15
edition of The Miami News.
An item on that page report-
This is in cooperation with
-
the headqUarters office of the
FBI in Washington.
? "That office is directing
the investigation, of course,
since the .alleged crime took
place in that jurisdiction."
Whittaker said no arrests
have been made here. "What
we are seeking to determine
here in Miami is whether any
federal law has been violated
here and whether any con-
spiracy exists," he said.
Spanish-speaking FBI
agents have been spreading
through Miami's Little Ha-
vana section, seeking infor-
mation and interviewing
friends and relatives of the
four suspects who were ar-
rested in Washington.
?
The FBI has questioned
Miguel (Mike) A. Suarez, a
business associate of Bernard
L. Barker. Barker was one of
the men arrested in Washing-
ton.
44.231i;u4
?
P'cl [
1 'isa r
'
cdly was circled, but which
one was not revealed.
A check of that edition in
The, Miami News' file showed
that the entire page in ques-
tion Was half of a two-page
Pan Am advertisement' offer-
ing "a whole week in the Ba-
hama.s for $94."
If the circled item was on
the opposite side of the sheet
? Page 3D ? it would have
been an article on safe driv-r
ing in Florida or one of eight
travel ads, including cruises
to Europe and the Caribbean,
air travel to South America
and Luxembourg and a "sun-
and-fun break to Haiti."
Max Lesnik, 'editor of the
Spanish-language magazine
Replica and newspaper of the
same name, said he also was
questioned by the FBI but
.that the questioning was
"very informal."
There is no evidence to in-
dicate that Lesnik or Suarez
was invoked in the break-in.
Other bMiatnians arrested
in the Washington raid were
Frank Fiorini, also known as,
Frank Sturgis; Eugenio R.
Martinez, and Virgilio R.
Gonzales. Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601R000500050001--4
The fifth member of the
? group was James McCord,
T.11-1Es'
Approved For Release22pQr1/03v 21 : CIA-RDP
Ex-G.O.P. Aide Rebuffs
F.B.I. Queries on Break-In,
By TAD SZULC
Special to The New Teak Times
? WASHINGTON, June 20?E.I was that the break-in was
Howard Hunt Jr., former part- not a well-financed operation
time White House consultant, ,planned from "up high," be-
has refused to answer ques-
cause it was "bungled too ly to have been the case."
bad-
tions by the Federal Bureau Mr. Hunt, who worked at
of Investigation in connection the White House in 1971 and
with last Saturday's break-ii this year after retiring from a
at the Democratic National top post with the Central In
Committee offices here: telligence Agency, was said by
? Informed sources said that Cuban sources to have met
about two weeks ago in Miami
Mr. Hunt had been approached 'with Bernard L. Barker, a
a number of times by F.B.I. 'wealthy realtor in that city,
agents, but declined to answer 'who is suspected of directing
their questions. the attempt to install secret
The F.B.I. siabpoenaed some listening devices at the Demo-
of the records of Washington's cratic headquarters.
Mr. Barker Was an aide to
Watergate Hotel, where four of Mr. Hunt during the abortive
the five suspects stayed before Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba
their arrest inside the Demo- in l961. Mr. Hunt's name and
cratic offices early Saturday. home telephone number were
Federal agents in Miami inter. found in address books in
rogated several business and
personal associates of the
group's suspected leader.
Meanwhile the Democratic
party chairman, Lawrence F.
O'Brien, announced this morn-
ing a SI-million civil lawsuit
against the Committee to Re-
Although Mr. Hunt was,
elect the President and the five reached by telephone at his
suspects on grounds of invasion suburban Maryland home on
of privacy and the violation of Sunday, subsequent attempts,
civil rights of.the Democrats. to talk to him have been un-
possession of Mr. Barker and
Eugenio R. Martinez, another
of the suspects; When the police
arrested them at gunpoint in,
the Democratic offices. Mr.
Martinez is employed at Mr.
Barker's Miami real estate com-
pany.
Attempts Unavailing
Mr. O'Brien, speaking at a availing.
news conference, described the
break-in, which was ostensibly
to plant listening devices, as a
"blatant act of political espio-
nage."
John N. Mitchell, the former
Attorney General who is now
President Nixon's campaign di-
rector, issued shortly thereafter
a statement charging that the
lawsuit "represents another ex-
ample of sheer demagoguery on
the part of Mr. O'Brien." a
"I reiterate that this commit-
tee did not authorize-and does
not condone the alleged actions
of the five men apprehended
there," Mr. Mitchell said. "We
deplore such activity."
At the White House, Ronald
L. Ziegler, the press secretary,
told newsmen that Charles W.
Colson, special 'counsel to the
President on whose recommen-
dation Mr. Hunt was hired as a
consultant, has "assured me
that he has in no way been in-
volved in this matt Ar"
Washing,ton po 1,e -utacialb
Robert F. Bennett, president
STATI NTL
aarCoties,", but stressed that
we don't know where Mr. Hunt
has been because he has not
been involved in a consulting
capacity with the White House
since March."
Mr. Ziegler said that Presi-
dent Nixon was not concerned
about any allegation of the
committing of a crime" and
that "the appropriato investi-
;ations of that are taking
?lace."
Senator Robert Dole of Kan-
;as, chairman of the Republi-
can National Committee, denied?
through a spokesman published
reports in The New York Times,
that he had sent a telegram:
yesterday to his gommittee's
members urging them to re-:
train from discussing the
break-in with outsiders.
But the spokesman said that
an inter-office memo was
signed by Tom Wolck, the corn-:
mittee's director of communi-
cations, instructing his staff to
refer all inquiries to him. The;
memorandum Was addressed to
Senator Dole.
The Watergate Hotel man-
agement said that the
had "subpoenaed certain guest'
records." Other informants said.
that investigators hoped to de-
termine, among other things,
:who had paid the billS for the
jsuspects' ro,eana...
of the Robert R. Mullen Corn- reaa a! aaaaa,araasaaaa,---
pany, a Washington public re-
lations concern employing Mr.
Hunt as a full-time writer, said
in an interview this afternoon
,that Mr. Hunt could not be
:found.
! Mr. Bennett said that F.B.I.
agents came to the offices of
,his company, at 1700 Pennsyl-
vania Avenue, yesterday morn-
ing looking for Mr. Hunt.
Mr. Bennett said that he
found a message from Mr. Hunt
this morning saying he had
gone to New York for the day
in connection with a television
project in which the company
is engaged. But, Mr. Bennett
,said, he could not reach him
there.
"If he doesn't report to work
here tomorrow morning, I'll
suspend him from his job," Mr.
Bennett said.
Mr. Hunt's home was tele-
phoned yesterday and today
',the person answering said that
he was out of town. Associated Press
i Mr. Ziegler confirmed that Lawrence F. O'Brien, left, Democratic party chairman,
OUVAW121000104:atgieptolittlitecfM014"00
Mr. O'Brien said earlier that
!nine persons from Miami, ap-
parently including the men cap-
itured Satui;day morning, stayed
at the Watergate between May
26 and 29.
I The Democratic National
:Committee had reported that
Ion the night of May 28 . an
'attempt had been made to break
into their offices, which are
situated in a building adjoining
E the hotel.
A spokesman for the hotel
said, however, that "we have
been advised by the Federal
authorities not to say any
more" on the subject.
Of the fivemen arrested at
the Democratic offices, four
were from Miami and the fifth
was James W. McCord, a secu-
rity specialist for both the Re-
publican National Committee
and the Commit!ee to Re-elect
the President. Mr. McCord is
not believed to have stayed at
the hotel on either occasion.
All in C.I.A. Operations
In addition to Mr. Barker and
Mr. Martinez, the other Miami-i
based suspects were Frank
Sturgis and Virgilio R. Gon-
zales. All of them, along with
Mr. Hunt and Mr. McCord, had
been involved in the C.I.A.'s
Cuban operations in 1961.
ktrtSlri:SfrSittSSe.s?,
telliaence" and "the flow of
said that the consensus among
the "law enforcement .people"
oontinuod
NORFOLK, ffproved FM- Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601ki&6563-650001-4
LEDGER?STAR),
Ju ii `6 lot6
E ? 106,121
t ,10,?????wawmestiam;Merit,
A woman who identified herself
F . -g i ZI,S0 alUi lor '
11 i . iy., ,. . as Hunt's daughter answered the
.r. unr
telephone at his home in Wash-
. ington's Maryland suburbs .Tues-
day night, and said only," no
Otf S y TinierS
,. :comment."
? Bennett said Hunt never toleb
him that he had helped plan the?
r ., , al F
By WAYNE WOODLIEF
Ledger-Star Washington Bureau
WASHINGTON?H. How a rd
Hunt Jr., the part-time White
. House consultant whose name
has cropped up in the investiga-
? tion of the weekend breakin at
? the Democratic National Com-
mittee Headquarters, is an ex-
_CJA. agent who, according to a
friend, wrote dozens of James
Bond-style spy thrillers.
Frank Stu r gi s, alias Frank
Fiorini, a Norfolk native, asso-
ciated with the anti-Castro move-
ment, is among the five men
? being held in the District of Col-
umbia jail, charged with burgar-
izing the DNC headquarters.
Hunt has worked for the past
two years for the 'Washington
public relations firm of Robert R.
Mullen and Co., according to the
firm's president, Robert F. Ben-
nett.
Bennett confirmed Tuesday
that Hunt joined the firm after
about 20 years with the CIA. He
said Hunt had been "moonlight-
ing" for the past year, with Ben-
nett's per missio on, for White
House special counsel Charles
Colson, principally declassifying
Defense Department documents
in the wake of last year's "Penta-
gon Papers" disclosures.
Bennett said Hunt left Wash-
ington Tuesday morning for a
public ? relations assignment in
New York. _
"I've ' been trying to reach
him," Bennett said." I'd like him
to show up and start answering
.some of these questions himself."
He said he had left a message
with the New York client "that if
Howard doesn't show up Wednes-
day, I will suspend him from the
payroll."
? W.ho's Who lists Hunt as a na-
tive of Hamburg, N. Y., born in
1918. The publication also de-
scribes him as a one-time movie
? script writer, an editor for the
1940's March of Time newsreels,
a war correspondent for Life..
magazine and an ,"attache" or
"political officer" for U. S. em-
bassies or similar outposts in
France, Austria, Mexico and the
Far East.
Bennett said "Those, titles are
covers for CIA work."
Who's Who also notes that Hunt
has written 42 novels, under the
pen names of Robert Dietrich,
Jchn Baxter and Gordon Davis. ?
"Howard's always fancied him-
self something of an Ian Flem-
ing," said a friend of Hunt. Flem-
ing, now dead, wrote the James
Bond novels." Howard enjoys
spinning tables about spies and
their escapades."
. Bennett said ? Hunt is an ac-
,'quaintance of Douglas Caddy, the
tVashington corporatioa lawyer)
who represented the five burgla-
ry suspects after their arrest.
Caddy, according to Washing-
ton newspapers, has been asso-
ciated with Republican politics
for 20 years and was one of the
fou n ds r a of the Conservative
Young Americans for Freedom.
The Mullen public relations
firm had done some work for the
General Foods Corp. at a time
when Caddy represented the cor-
poration, Bennett said.
"Caddy was in the office, rep-
resenting General Foods, and
that's when he and Ho wa rd
met," Bennett said.
Caddy lives in an apartment
building in the 2100 block of 2121 .
P. St., in Washington, about a ?
block from the intersection of
20th St. and Mass. Avenue. Wash-
ington police reported finding, in
an auto rented by the burglary
suspects, a city map with a route
marked IromtheWater gate
Building, where the DNC head-
quarters are located, to the 20th,
St-Mass. Ave. intersection.
Bay of Pigs affair. But, Bennett/
said," he spun tales about the
CIA the way an FBI man tells
stories about John Dillinger."
Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601R000500050001-4
TASMIZGTON DAILY ;0,7$
Approved For Release 29111/Still067CIA-RDP80-01
7\ /71,
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LJ L.i ti,??,1
ik1l NTL
?-?
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-
By PATRICK COLLINS
and DAN THOMASSON
The five men charged with the Saturday
burglary of the Democratic National Commit-
tee Headquarters did not sneak in to bug the
offices, but to remove "dead bugs" that had
been planted earlier.
Highly placed police sources said there is
"every indication" that the so-called bugs
?all of which were found in the men's po-
session, rather than in spying position?"may
have been there for some time."
Disclosure of this possibility coupled with
other developments yesterday added a new di-
mension to an increasingly convoluted case
which clearly is embarrassing Republicans
from Congress to the White House where the
name of a top aide to President Nixon has
become involved.
On at least two other occasions prior to Sat-
urday's raid, police said, offices of prominent
Democratic party members in the Watergate
Complex have been "tampered with." And po-
lice today believe there may have been one
successful attempt to bug the inner sanctum
of the Democratic Party.
On May 16 a law firm actively involved in
the Democratic Party was broken into in the
same way in which Saturday's raiding party
slithered thru Democratic headquarters.
the Watergate Building at 600 New Hamp-
shire-av nw, the same complex as the Demo-
cratic Committee suites, had its door jimmied.
On that day, police said, a guard found the
doors of the basement garage taped to prevent
them from closing, the same technique used
by the crew in Saturday's burglary.
On May, 28, police said the door of a promi-
nent Democratic official was "tampered
with," and it is rumored that some tape was
also used in this attempted burglary. Police
have also disclosed that from May 26 thru
May 29 the five men arrested Saturday were
lodged at the Watergate Hotel and apparently
met with four other men, who were registered
there under assumed names.
Reportedly, there were two other tries at
breaking into the Democratic National Com-
mittee offices last month, but party officials
said they didn't think much of the incidences
because nothing was taken.
Police sources said the bugs found on the
men arrested Saturday ? there were at least
three sending devices found?telephone and
room conversations can transmit about
150 yards . Tho police found no re-
ceivers either in the headquarters offices or
in the hotel rooms that had been rented by the
suspects, police sources said it would be possi-
ble to receive signals from the bugs in a car
The firm of Freed, Frank, Harris, Shriver parked or driving near the Watergate build-
and Kampelman, loApproViecifiotoRelege 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01
When they were arrested, the five men had
in their possession ? or in their hotel rooms ?
burglary tools, a walkie-talkie, a short wave
receiver that could pick up police calls, 40
rolls of unexposed film, two 35 millimeter
cameras and three pen-sized tear gas guns.
Police then said several file cabinet drawers
in the office were open, and officers theorized
that the men planned to photograph papers
from the files.
Sources in Miami, where all five suspects
have ties, said they believe one possible mo-
tive for the hugging was the increasing fear of
some Cuban refugee leaders that election of a
Democratic President, particularly Sen.
George S. McGovern, might mean a change in
U.S. policy toward Cuban Premier Fidel Cas-
tro.
The Miami sources also said Howard E.
Hunt, a Washington public relations man and
part-time White House consultant, was be-
lieved to have served as a Nixon administra-
tion link with the huge Cuban exile community
in Florida.
The sources speculated that Mr. Hunt, who
reportedly worked for the CIA in the i11-fat4
Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba, was asked by
the White House to help gather intelligence on
Castro agents who have infiltrated the exile
ganizations.
They said administration officials have been
40ti_1141 OZOlt?"14. Casti
t It ETillt-I:ss:
001aticu,".6
STATI NTL
RelSkiVicoidia : CIA-RDP80
2 1 JUN 1972 STATINTL
ast oi ilIdarac ler@ involved 1117
? 01,64 G
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STATINTL
emocrau
??? '
, - By Bart Barnes (R) Colson was said in 1970 to He was one of the five ar-
rested inside the Democratic According to the Miami Her-
:. Washington Post Staff Writer National Committee offices. aid, Sturgis was arrested in
Her-
have worked with a Life maga-
i.., Here is the list of principal charging that former Mary- Bernard L. Barker waters off British Honduras
zinc reporter on an article
mdividuals who hare emerged ,land Sen. Joseph D. Tydings with 12 companions during
jot/owing the attempt early (D) used the prestige of his of- Barker, 55, was born in Ha- what Sturgis said was a voy-
:Oatic National Committee of a company in which he held American parent. He grew up i
age to make a commando raid
Saturday to bug the Demo- lice to promote the interests vana of one Cuban and one
,
?headquarters. both in .Cuba and in the n Cuba. The Mexican captain
of, the boat, however, said
Tydings was cleared of the stock.
United States and during
Howard E. Hunt charges after the November World War II was a captain in Sturgis had hijacked the craft.
the Arm Air Corps. He was . Sturgis was one of the five
Hunt, an employee of t election, which he lost, and shot down over Germany and suspects arrested inside the
Central Intelligence Agency' Colson has always had no corn-' for 17 months was held as a Democratic National Commit-
'
..: . I I
from 1949 to 1970, last worked merit on the issue. prisoner of war. tee offices.
is a consultant to the White Colson, said to be a special-1 In the late 1950s, Barker
, served under Castro's guer.
ea.
-
I the President, signed on How- I became disillusioned and fled tarY public, Martinez has been
A real estate agent and a no-
yrHouse? on March 29 of this, ist in delicate assignments for rilla movement in Cuba but he
'."Hunt's name- and telephone ; ard E. Hunt in 1971 as a spe-; to Miami in 1959. He is said to active in the anti-Castro move-
number were listed in two ad-I cial consultant at $100 a day. i have been one of the organiz. ment in Miami. A Cuban
clon, both alumniii ers of the Bay of Pigs invasion native, he originally sided
ress books seized by police1 Hunt and Cols
in 1961 and is said to have with Castro against
fyom two of the five suspect 1 of Brown University, are said; Batt
sta
arrested in the bugging at- I to have met in 1966 when both I. been working for the CIA but then fled the country altertempt. ? i were active in the Washington since then.- . ? the revolution succeeded.
1 About two weeks ago he
tlie White House involved de- c tried to line up housing al the
'Hunt's consulting work at; He is married and lives with
chapter of the Brown alumni
club. his wife in Miami. A daughter, University of Miami for 3,000
classification of the Pentagon! Maria Elena B. Moffet, works Young Republicans who will
Papers and, more recently, in- James W.
telligence work in the area oft be attending the Republican
, McCord Jr in Bethesda for . the Prudential
An employee for the Centr Insurance Co. of America. National Convention :there
narcotics enforcement. 1 Intelligence Agency for 19 , About a year ago, Barker this summer.
'-Currently, Hunt is a writer
years, McCord, now retired, started a real estate firm, Bar- Martinez is a salesman. in
with the public relations firm.. the real
was until Sunday the security: ker Associates,. in Miami. An . estate office of an-
of Robert R. 'Mullen & Co.,'
. coordinator for President Nix- auto rented here by the sus- other suspect, Bernard L. Bar-
1700 Pennsylvania Ave. NW. , on's re-election committee. peels in the bugging was ker. Martinez was one of the
- -,Hunt lives at 11120 River McCord, also an ex-FBI rented in the name of Barker five suspects arrested inside
Rd. in a large, white wooden agent, also held a contract to Associates.
frame house in a sparsely pop, provide security services to Barker was one of five ar- the Democratic National Com-
ulated and affluent section of 1 the Republican National Com- rested inside the Democratic mittee offices Saturday.
Potomac in suburban Mont- mittee. After retirement from National Committee offices.
the CIA McCord established Virgilio R. Gonzalez I
his own security consulting Frank Sturgis The fifth suspect to be ar-
firm, McCord Associates in
Rockville. Sturgis, 37, was born in Nor- rested inside the Democratic
folk, Va., as Frank A. Fiorini National Committee offices at ,
A . resident of Rockville,,
but changed his name in 1932
McCord, 53, is active in the 1 the Watergate, Gonz;lez is a
when his mother married
, neig,h- !
',Ralph Sturgis. locksmith by trt,de and, ac-
e rding to* a motion in court
First Baptist Church of Wash- ,
, and another sign near a mail I ington. According to
box says "Witches Island." %'-'? r` bors, he is from Texas where I Known in Cuban exile cir-
or a reduction of his bond,
' des in Miami as having exten-
No cne answered a knock on1 he and his wife graduated has been steadily employed
sive CIA contacts, Sturgis na for some years.
i the door and Hunt Was re-, from Baylor University. They been described in news ac-1 .
,
He lives in Miami with his.
1
ported not at work yesterday. have three children, two counts as a soldier of fortune. wife and children and works
daughters and a son who is in An ex-Marine, he joined
at the Missing Link Key Shop.
i Charles Wendell Colsonhis third year at the U.S. Air Castro in the hills of Oriente
,
Province in 1958 and was later According to his eMployer, he
f.-:iril counsel to Force Academy. came to the United States
Colson, 40, sp
named to oversee gambling
the President. Col-on, a Bos- McCord is also a lieutenant operations in Havana after the sometime around . the time
Castro became well-known
Ionian and a lawyer, his been colonel in the- Air Force Re-?Irevolutinn succeeded in Janu- and he has worked at the
described by White ilouse of- serve and was part of a unit ary, 1959.
ficials as "a doer, a tough- whose duties included devel- Later that year, however, Missing Link since 1959. Ile
minded ambitious man who gets oping plans for compiling lists there was a falling out and
' has been described as "pro-
things done." uf radicals and developing .
. Sturgis fled Cuba for Miami American and anti-Castro."
-, , ?
;sett's. Sen. Levcrett Saltonstall,
assistant to forme
. proved "atorliteleasev2001108/pli 'he WADI:411010 fall R 9,00014 46134.
astio al-airs since. ,
the firm of Gall, Laria_Por,T11
with
t0tat, jrnl!- ,I!-
A one-time administrative olans for censms up o .L .
Eugene Martinez
gomery County.
The nearest house is 150
yards away. Neighbors knew
little about him. A sign out
front says "Beward of Dog"'
VILS1:1;,;G1011 STAR STATINTL
Approved For Release 29011/Stif067.2CIA-R
E 0 s
By JAMES DOYLE
m Star Staff Writer
Howard Hunt Jr. of Potomac
was due to be suspended by
his employers today if he did
not explain whether he has
any connection to the "Water-
gate 'caper" that has launched
a burgeoning investigation of
who tried to bug the Demo-
cratic National Committee and
why.
Hunt, a former CIA agent
who has been working for the
White House from time to
time as a consultant and for a
public relations firm with
strong Republican ties, was in- -
terviewed by Federal Bureau
of Investigation agents at his
Potomac home, but he report-
edly shed no light on the inves-
tigation.
Gave Top References
? The novelist and intelligence
agent, who helped run the un-
successful Bay of Pigs inva-
sion in 1961, listed the head of
the Central Inlellirgence Agen-
cy, a top White House assist-
ant and conservative colum-
nist William F. Buckley as ref-
erences when he sought work
as a writer with Robert R.
Mullen 8,7, Co. in 1970.
He was hired by the Mullen
public relations firm with the
endorsement of CIA Director
Richard Helms. Subsequently
he was given added work as a
consultant on declassification
of secret documents by anoth-
er friend, Charles W. Colson, a
White House operative who
handles sensitive political
chores for President Nixon.
Hunt's name has surfaced
*during the investigation fol-
lowing the early morning
break-in Saturday at the Wa-
tergate office of the Derao-
.cratic National Committee,
Where five men, with various
links to the CIA, were arrested
at gunpoint during an appar-
ent attempt to copy documents
and plant surveillance micro-
phones.
? Flurry of Questions
Democrats have called the
case an act of political espion-
age. Republicans have denied
involvement.
Hunt's name, with the nota-
tion "House", was fo
ho
nt
arrested. They are Eugenio R.
Martinez, an anti-Castro Cu-
ban, and Bernard L. Barker,
said to be a top aide to Hunt at
the time of the Bay of Pigs
invasion. They and 3 others
.euspects are being held in lieu
of bail.
The address book notations
they knew of no motives for believed to have stashed awa
the break-in and attempted'. some of the CIA funds distrib
surveillance. uted at that time.
He said he had received a
Not Normal Style
tip some months ago that
One of the arrested men, members of the Cuban corn-
James W. McCord, was under' munity in Miami were plan-
contract to both the Commit ring to bug the Democratic
tee for the Re-election of the
National Committee, but that
President and the Republican
lie di
CIA Director Helms and White,/ their security problems. He tblecause "I receive tips about
together with hunt's ties to
;National Committee to handle d not follow it through
House aide Charles Colson.was a recent retiree from the ? Cubans all the time. Any
have raised a flurry of new
unanswered questions which
the White House turned aside,
and which Hunt was not avail-
able to answer.
Another indirect link be-
tween Hunt and the suspects
was the lawyer called into the
case .Saturday by the wife of
Barker. Douglas Caddy, who
anted as Barker's lawyer dur-
ing his arraignment, was de-
scribed as a Need of Hunt's
by the president of the public
relations firm where Hunt
works.
Caddy bad office space in
that firm up until two years
ago, the firm's president said.
His present employers, the
Mullen Co., were also unable
to shed any light on Hunt's
possible involvement or his
whereabouts.
Walkie-talkies
Robert F. Bennett, the son
of Utah Republican Sen. Wal-
lace F. Bennett and head of
the firm, announced that Hunt
would be suspended this morn-
ing if he did not show up and
explain his role, if any, in the
Watergate caper.
Bennett said he asked
Hunt about reports that he
was connected to the Water-
gate raiding party v-hen he
last saw him Monday after-
noon. He quoted Hunt as reply-
ing, "I was nowhere near that
place Saturday."
Police have been seeking a
sixth and perhaps a seventh
man who, they theorize, may
h walkie-talkie
they found in a room the sus- who visited one of the suspects whose headquarters are at
in jail, said that the Miami Fort Totten, New York.
pects had rented in the Water- men were working for Barker, The detachment includes
gate Hotel. Police also feel the and that Barker brought Mc_ members of the Army and
men may have replaced tape Cord into the group for the Navy as well, the spokesman
on the doors to the office -Watergate affair, said, and undergoes training
which had been removed by a Anderson said, that all of the in the kind of censorship of
time three of them get togeth-
CIA, and he set up a private
er they create a conspiracy."'
company in Rockville around
the time he received the two In a related development,
the staff director of the Senate
Republican contracts.
Spokesmen at the commit- subcdmmittee. on constitution.
fees said McCord came more a,1 ripts. said today lie is
cneckmg- into time operations of
highly recommended, and with
a military reserve unit of the
a better background in securi-
ty matters, than any other ap-
plicant for the jobs. Others
who know McCord, who taught
security courses at a local col-
lege and was active in the mil-
itary reserves as a training
officer, also reported that a
ATINTL
Office of Emergency Pre-
paredness that develops proce-
dures for mail censorship dur-
ing wartime.
Asking Questions
Published reports about the
unit appeared this week when
clandestine midnight raid was
not his normal style. it was disclosed that McLord
IS a former member.
Hunt has a mysterious back-
Larry Baskir, head of the
ground as a CIA operative for j
subcommittee staff, said that
20 years and as a participant
in some past operations such
as the Bay of Pigs.
While no connection has
been made between him and
the case, he has ties to both
the high White House aide and
to members of the anti-Castro
Cuban community.
Ile and Colson shared duties
in the Brown University Club
of Washington, and Colson
hired Hunt as a consultant to
the White House. Hunt and
Barker worked closely togeth-
er-during the Bay of Pigs, the
New York Times reported
he is making "a few 'phone
calls" about the unit's opera-
tion but had no new informa-
tion to report and no specula-
tion of whether there will be a
committee investigation.
A public affairs officer for
the OE?, Donald Carbone,
confirmed yesterday that
McCord was a member of the
unit but denied reports that
the 15-member group also pre-
pared lists of "radicals" as
well.
McCord, who was chief secu-
rity officer for the Committee
The Times reported that two to Re-elect the President, is
weeks ago Hunt visited Barker listed by the Pentagon as a
in Miami, where the latter lieutenant colonel in the Air
runs a real estate agency. Force Reserve.
FBI agents were reportedly For about two years, a Pen-
scouring the Cuban communi. tagon spokesman said, Mc-
ty in Miami for more informa.- Cord has been in Detachment
tion about the suspects. i 23, based in Washington, of the
Columnist Jack Andersoni 1st Censorship Squadro n,
security guard who found that
suspects had oast links with mail that was imposed in the
the doors had been prevented the CIA and that soine veter_ United States during World
from -wain .
address books of tw pve
ituForekel*asei2001/013/641T diA2RDP80001/8111tR000500050
in the case. Investigators said
. cont. tnue a
001-4
"
O LIA
Approved For Release 2M1filada7CIA-RDP80-
By J. THEODORE CROWN
and JAMES DOYLE
Star Staff Writers
District police officials to-
day disclosed they have sent
some photographs to Miami,
Fla., amid indications that the
pictures might lead to an early
break in the investigation of
Saturday's break-in at the
Democratic National Commit-
tee.
Inspector Ernest J. Prete, in
charge of the case for the
Washington police force, said
certain }totes were sent off to
Miami today. He would not
divulge whether the pictures
are of possible new suspects in
the case or were taken from
exposed film seized from the
five suspects already under
arrest.
Neither was it. disclosed
whether the photos had been
sent to the Miami police or to
the Federal Bureau of Investi-
gation field office there. There
are strong indications that the
. FBI has taken over the major
portion of the investigation
into the case despite the ab-
sence of any federal charge or
warrant.
Prete said, "We- could get
the big break in the case to-
day." Reporters took this to
mean that Prete anticipates
? discovering the identity of the
sixth individual believed to
. have taken part in the Water-
gate Hotel break-in, or discov-
ery of the mastermind police
have deduced was behind the
intrusion into the National
Committee headquarters.
Meanwhile, the president of
the public relations firm that
employs Howard E. Hunt Jr.
announced today that hunt
was suspended because he has
not reported to the company
since the possibility he was
connected with some of the
arrested men was diSclosed.
Robert F. Bennett, the son
of Republican Sen. Wallace
Bennett of Utah and president
of Robert R. Mullen & Co.,
announced today that Hunt
was out of touch for a second .
day and that he was being
sought to explain any possible
connection to the incident.
STATI NTL
last saw him Monday after. umnist.William F. Buckley as cradle party ties and on the '
noon. He quoted Hunt as reply- references when he sought 1Gth floor of the Watergate,
ing, "I was nowhere near that work as a writer with Robert Freed, Frank, Harris, Shriver
place Saturday." R. Mullen & Co. in 1970. ? & Kampolinan. .
Hunt, a former CIA agent(' He was hired by the Mullen- The firm told police yester-
who has been working for the Pt.
Mlle relations firm with the day their offices were broken
White House from time to endorsement of CIA Director,/ into May 13, but the incident
time as a consultant and for a Richard Heins. SubseeMentlY was not reported then because
public relations firm with he was given added work as a nothing appeared to be miss-
strong Republican ties, was in- consultant on declassification jug. At that time, it was said,
terviewed by FBI agents at his ef secret documents by anoth- the burglary was not thauaht
Potomac home; but he report- or friend, Charles \to Colson, a of in terms of political spying.
edly shed no light on the inves- White House operative who
bers of thfirm
tigation. h a n d 1 e s sensitive political - - n - ? include
Memo
Sareent Shriver, a Democretic
Hoot .s name mined during chores for President Nixon. ,
the inve Th
stigation following the e add bool
ress a
? - n of. ations political adviser and brother-
' in-law in the Kennedy family;
early morning break-in Sltur- together with Hunt's ties to Max Kantor-groan, a counsellor
day at the Democratic Na- C1:1 Director Helms and White t. Sen. Hubert Hurnpia?ey; and
tional Cemmittee, \there five . ' , Colson, have raised o .. , _
House aim: e Patricia Earns, chairman of
men, ?vita various links to the
a flurry of new unanswered the Credentials Committee for
CIA, were arrested at gunpoint questions which the White the Democratic National Cost-
during an apparent attempt to House turned aside, and which vention.
copy documents and plant sur- Bunt was rpat available to an- Police records ? also show
veillanee microphones. swer. that someone attempted
.z.to re-
?m cons i &ration was ia.. Another indirect link be- move locks from the national
m e
tween hunt and the suspects committee offices on the sisith
was the lawyer called into the
p floor at the Watergate on May
case Saturday by the wife ?'' 23. The Watergate and rue-
Caddy, who
being olven at. police head- ?
,quarters to a theory that the
.intitelors might have broken
ieto the Democratic offices
Saturday to remove hugging
clovices implanted there pre-
vioualy. Inspectoe Ernest J.
Prete said, however, this was
only one of a number of ideas
voiced by investigators as
possible explanations for the
semi:slice of events. Based on
preaent knowledge, Prete
said, this concept of the mo-
tivetion is regarded only as
speculation.
Democrats have called the
case an act of political espion-
age. Republicans have denied
involvement.
Bennett said he asked
Hunt about reports that he
was connected
gate raiding p. 0100
Barker. Douglas
acted as Barker's lawyar dur- rounding area is a prime at-
ing his arraignment, was de- traction to burglars and more
scribed as a friend of Hunt's than 160 larcenies have cc-
by the president of the public cured in the area in recent
relations firm v;here Hunt months, police said.
works. Inspector Prete said Riley's
Caddy had office space in task is to try to pinpoint dates
that firm up uutil two years and times of other robberies
ago, the firm's president said. and attempts in relation to
known presence of the sus-
Analyzing Reports pects in the Watergate.
Meanwhile, the WasiIingion Police have been secloirig a
police began an analysis of shsth and perhaps a S2Verilii
records and reprts ia an at- man who, they theorim, may
tempt to determine p battier have manned a Nvalkie-talkie
earlier burglaries nail at- they found in a room the SUFI-
tempted break-ins at the via. poets had rented in the Wan-so-
li:lilt's name, with the nota-
lion "W House,? was found in tergate correspond to dates on gate Hotel. Police also feel the
the address books of two of
which some of the suspects man may have replaced tame,
these arrested. They are Eu- had been registered at the ho- on the doors to the office
oreio R. Afartinez, an anti- tel previously. lovestigators which had been removed by a
Castro Cuban, and Bernard L. have determined that four of security guard who found that
Barker, said to be a top aide the five suspects were regis-
f
the doors had been prevented
to Bunt at the time of the Bay bred at the Tatergate be-
rom teat:trig.
of Pigs invasion. They and tween I.lay 26 and 29. One of the arrested men,
three other suspects are being Insometar Ernest J. Prete, James W. McCord, was under
held in lieu of bail, who is in charge of Metropoh- contract to both the Commit-
tan Police ceeedination of the tee for the Re-election of the
Gave Top References entire Watergate case, has as- President and the Republican
signed Detective sorgt. Thom_ National Committee. to handle
Hunt, a novelist and intern- their security problems. He
as Riley to ecmpiie a list of all vas a recent redree from tile
nence agent who helped run
the uneuccessful by of Pigs break-ins at the Watergate '
invasion in ledl, listed the head since April Ito match against CIA, and he set up a private
when suspects were compo.ny in Rockville around
of the Central Intelligence the time he received the two
. Agency, a top White fIouse 1/kInaotc,sni to be here before. Republican contracts.
assistant and conservative col- ,A new report of an old bur-
glary came to pike yesterdaySpokesmen at the commit-
For Release 2001 /03040P CIAVI5POP-Vit01 R0635000560`b 4
tees said McCord elle ctint.lei
STATI NTL

? contintle,14
Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-016g10050001-4
CONCORD, N.H.
MONITOR & PATRIOT
E ? 13,961
-JUN20197Z
.
v j1 -1 3 ciTi k.
The attempted bugging and
. burglarizing of Democratic Na-
tonal Committee headquarters
jin Washington by some former
CIA agents at one time in the
?trir,T5 (-17-yotthe COmmittee for the
Re-election of the President
reads like a script from the tv
show "Mission Impossible." -
Five men, including three who
were involved in the abortive
Bay of Pigs. invasion of Cuba in
19,61, were caught in the act
Saturday by plainclothes Wash-
ington police who'd been called
by a security guard.
They were wearing rubber
surgical gloves and carried
elaborate eavesdropping de-
vices, photographic equipment
and kits of sophisticated burglar
tools.
Former Atty. Gen. John N.
Mitchell, now chairman of the
Committee for the Re-election of
the President, said the men
"were not operating either in
our behalf or with our consent."
Sen. Robert J. Dole, R-Kan.,
chairman of the Republican Na-
tional Committee, said the ac-
tions of the group "were not on
our behalf nor with our con-
sent."
What coincidental phrase-
ology! It reminds us of the line
_Lunn. .1i.1)
on the self-destruct tape at the
opening of the "Mission Impos-
sible" shows: " . . . the Secre-
tary will disavow all knowledge
of your activities."
One of the principals seized
was identified as James W. Mc-
Cord of Rockville, Md., who re-
signed from the CIA in August
1970 and operated his own
security business.
Mitchell acknowledged the
Committee for the Re-election of
the President had employed
McCord "some months ago" to
help set up a security system.
But a report filed June 10 with
the General Accounting Office,
as required by a new campaign
expenditures disclosure law,
listed the last payment to
McCord as May 25 ? less than a
month ago.
Sen. Dole also acknowledged
that McCord had done some
work for the Republican Nation-
al Committee, but he didn't say
when.
Another member of the covert
raiding party was identified as
Bernard L. Barker, a Cuban-
born U.S. citizen, now a Miami
real estate operator who also
was involved in the Bay of Pigs
planning.
Of the other three, one was a
locksmith ? which may or may
@LH e OH
0 9
not have significance ? another
also had had a minor role in the
Bay of Pigs fiasco and the third
was a real estate dealer.
We are inclined to look with
jaundiced eye on the Mitchell
and. Dole denials. It is pushing
credulity to assume the five sus-
pects invaded the Democratic
National Committee offices in
the middle of the night just for
kicks.
While burglary is not a crime
to be taken lightly, the episode
has a comic opera ? ring. These
veterans of cloak-and-dagger
activity were no more success-
ful invading the Democratic Na-
tional Committee than they
were invading Cuba 11 years
ago.
Also, this incident is just
somewhat more bizarre ? and a
more serious infraction of the
law ? than similar attempts at
infiltration that have taken
place between the two political
parties over the years.
We recall one incident in 1964
when the Democrats tried to
plant a campaign worker, in
other words, a spy, in the orga-
nization of Sen. Barry Gold-
water, R-Ariz., the Republican
presidential nominee.
He was caught and hustled
out.
It is questionable whether
Mitchell or Dole, or whoever
was behind the burglary try,
would have collected anything
worthwhile if the bueging and
file-photography had baert suc-
cessful.
As anyone who has worked a
presidential campaign knows,
most of the major decisions are
not made at party headquarters,
but among the staff of the candi-
date. The listening devices
might have picked up some
juicy gossip or indicators of in-
ternal dissension, but probably
little else.
If we were to look for a mas-
termind, our quizzical stare
would fix on Mitchell. First, he
already ha S been caught
stretching the truth. And sec-
ond, he was a vigorous propo-
nent of wiretapping and no-
knock entry while he was at-
torney general. ?
Even if he had nothing what-
soever to do with it, we're sure
the humorless Mitchell can't see
the zany aspect of the operation.
After all, the Democrats
probably were thinking of the
same thing, but had not pro-
gressed far enough to get
caught. Or they couldn't afford
it.
Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601R000500050001-4
Approved For Releaseaft/013104,D CIA
20 JUNE 1.912
erz-i: fl-7?5 /1y.7,1
Q, L4 'PL.1/
Li
By JAMES BUCI I AN AN
And CLARK HOYT
licraTe Staff Writers
James \V. McCord Jr., se-'
cuity chief for the Commit-
tee to Reelect the President,
who was arrested after
breaking into Democratic
National Committee head-
quarters, may have been rec-
ommended for his post by
the Secret Service, sources
said Monday.
The Associated Press,
which first diacovercd that tie Fontainebleau Hotel
the ailcroa horalar was an
employe of the con:mit...ern
said 'McCord was given the
$1,209-a-mor th position in
January, reportedly at the
suggestion ef Al Wong, hood
of the Sac ret Service Techni-
cal Security Division.
?
STATINTL
ri 77 "7:'T)
'
action aoainst anyone it can
find who may have violated
the First Amendment or the
party's civil ri:jits..
C' The In:es:soy corn:wool
as to vn-a:re the ?is-a arreste.l
men obtained between S5.300
and $?3,500 in crisp $103 bilis
?vhich they carried daring
1he cr:.keration and which are
in conseeutive serial Lunn
lacro.
0 A discovery that Mc-
Coal had "recently" visited
McCord, 53, a former em-
ploye of both ti-le 1131 and the
CIA, onerates a private secu-
rity agency in Rezkwell,
-as well as scrviro as a "secu-
rity expert" for foaroer A: tor-
ncy General N. :.?iitch-
ell. who now he?ids Pre,nnent
Nixon's camdai7n forces,
NEiTHER Wong nor an of-
ficial:spokesman for the Se-
cret Service would confirm
that the agent ;vas.acooaint-
ed with I?.1.cCor1 or recom-
mended him for the post:
Meanv:hile, there were
these ether devc?lopments in
the ease; which saw the ar-
rest of four M,-o-ians as well
as McCord in the Democrats'
office on the sixth floor of
the Watergate Office Build-
ing adjoining- the plush Wa-
tergate Hotel:
c' Dictcicl. of Coluntbia po-
lice said, "We've got things
that point to a sixth man.
being involved," but admit
they have no idea who it
might be "if there was one at
-all."
?
0 Lawrence O'Brien,
chairman of the Democratic
National Committee. said the
party was considering court
rooms to be ooatzpied by the
Renobhcan N. ianal Commit-
ten in Miami T3 Tach "to chock
on s.acui raononcc: ti.e
Ilanonnoos. who will use ;he
same rooms first, to order
thc in electronically ."swept"
as a precaution against
eavesdropping,. ?
The five arrested Saturday
carried burglar tools, accord-
ing to Wasvi-gton detec-
tives, and "old fashioned"
electronic gear which could
have been hidden in the
Democrats' office to transmit
conversations there for a dis-
tance of some 150 feet.
That would have been
enough, officers said, to have
reached the rooms in the ad-
joining Watergate Hotel,
which the five suspects had
rented under assumed names
earlier in the week.
Police officials expressed
amazement that the five ar-
rested had been "so stupid"
in their operation.
MAHING THEIR way from
an outside entrance up to the
sixth floor offices by way *of
a fire stairwell, the men had
placed adhesive tape over
each door latch so it would
not lock and trap them in-
side.. ?
A building security guard
spotted the tape on two
doors and removed it. On his
next rounds, he found the
same latches taped z:gain and
summoned police, who heard
the men removing a wall
panel in one of the main of-
fices and made the arrests.
O'Brien, in announcing
Democrats' counsel was con-
sidering legal action, said,
"There may have been other
incidents before this."
Then, with a gibe .at the
Republicans, he added:
thought this was a law-and-
order administration."
President Nixon has re-
fused to comment on the
break-in and reforrnd goes-
tions to John N. Mitchell, his
campaign chairman and for-
mer attorney general.
Mitchell, in turn, has said
only that the five men arrest-
ed were "not operating eithor
on our behalf or with our
consent."
But at the Florida White
House on Key Biscayne, the
chief executive's press were-
tary, Ronald Ziegler, was
drawn into a discussion of
the incident with reporters
Monday.
"0:W101/SLY we don't
condone that kind of second-
rate activity," Ziegler said.
When prossed further, the
press secretary added, "I'm
net going to comment from
the White House on a third-
rate burglary attempt. I'm
not going to comment on a
group of guys who put on
surgical g,!cves and tried to
go in, and bug a place."
O'Brien has demanded a
full-scale investigation by the
Justice Department, and a
department spokesman said
that the FBI .already has
begun a probe as a "routine
matter."
The Associated Press re-
vealed that one of the five
arrested, James McCord, had
been paid $2,41S in April and
May by the Committee to
Reelect the President, which
is headed by Mitchell. ?
A former security chief for
the Central Intelligence
Agency's headquarters near
Washington, McCord is being
held under $30,000 bail.
The four Miamians, wno
like Mc.Cord were caught
within the party quarters
wearing surgical rubber
gloves and removing part of
,
eluded Frank Fiorini, \vim
once was active in pro-Cas-
tro and then anti-Castro ac-
tivities.
The others were Eugenio
Martinez, V. F. Gonzalez
Bernard L. Barker. All are
being held under $50,003
MIGUEL SUAREZ, a
Miami attorney who ran un-
successfully for Metro mayor
in 1970 and who is Bernard
Barker's business associate,
said he last saw his partner
Friday morning and they dis-
cussed real estate develop-
ments in Miami.
"I am the lawyer for Bark-
er Associates," said Suarez.
"He is always in my office.
He is like a permanent fix-
ture here, so that's I guess
why he gave this address. He
probably didn't want to im-
plicate his wife." ?
At the time the five men
were arraigned, Barker gave
Suarez' address, 955 SW
First St., as his.
"I know that he is an anti-
Communist and a Demo-
crat," said Suarez, "but I
don't know much else of his
political beliefs."
SUAREZ SAID Barker
helped him during his bid for
Metro mayor "by pasting
posters, passing out hand
bills and generally being
helpful around the office."
"I have not been in contact
with Barker since Friday, bat
I have had a?call from his at-
torney, Douglas Caddy, and
we discussed private jodicial
matters pertaining to this
case."
Suarez has known Parker
since 1963, hut said he didn't
know if Barker was involved
in the Bay of Pigs invasion
planning as a CIA link, as
has been suggested.
"We worked in a Cuban
clinic together and we hit it
off," said Suarez. "About
two years ago we began .
working together in real
estate deals."
Approved For Release 2001/03/04 : CIA-RDP80-01601R00050122111:11M4
STATI NTL
Approved For Release 20011431041:2VA-RDP80-01
(Late City Edition)
20 June 1972
p. 1 , ,? ? to recruit a sixth person to
.e.--iz. cA f .,1.1. .? -;licie Tied Lc) Politic-6.-1 17)-"ci ? " - "'
' I participate in the bre?i'?-in 'o it
. \Lai 4- that the unttier.tlfted pe.rson
a
I:
.1ceased his consulting work on, to Ketelcrt the President de-, haAdtretthuesendlotnoiejro.ti,nithc follow.
By TAD SZtlLC . March 29. But Mr. Clawson in-
.. nounced in statentents yci,ten ?.et
i;sisted that "WC do not have - ? re' ?:4' ' '? ? , s?,,?(..red enueasitri?01rstgs ta.,r1fOutulihnc-:
day the p d?-vn 1--d Today 1",' "
- ? ,,,,..., ,- ? - , , ... n . any idea- Senator Itobont Dole. of Kansas,: '
I \\-,.,_1,,INGIG.? 3.?1?ft 1,,,-A , of his participation in the
jormer ci.,:is..11tant to a high ithe incident" 'involving the al- telegIrpt?nt NIt.:tftnal Chairman, ra':
? , ?
Wnite Potise elficial, who alst..1,-:Rect. break-in by former C.I.A. the Republican committee, in? ae
sof of;. .. .1c.'id\' htoh, e ii!'ai,,ait?.n,yoe, had or-
s.erve ('arli?"s a IOP C-'lltral eraplo:ics at the Democratic :.I'lu'ing 1.110s rePreslIng - ? -! t. ', f 'Con V'"5
j
iintell.',0011CP.A.acticy official, ?.,?e? s ?fict,s. .,,,,r...,..)-sp,?.-.,,,,, ,31?,:,,,,,,),, ....,,,- , ,)
? .-?-v maa ta orm.. 1 . .4
'''' ? '-. ('What was n.s :cal plirpose,
?reported tnni,i]ht to have met ;;-?g them not to discuss the. suutg..-;-!!' ? , ,
According to 1?''r*. Clawson, matter with anyone.
:in Mianii about ni..0 v,-;:icks ago "iteirq 'V C I - ' " supplied
t
iwith the apparent Ieaf:er of-h, I t , u t ? ? .- A
1 he Dol., memorandum ir,- tfIcl,!ri.2/Tyc`Vt?-?1,-,eSp5:15i,?e-or thle.::;rusit..
-et- , tr. o son Lot anyone
? - e,s.e ,iaa any ?now.euge. or par- structeu cormaaittee inamlieN CO -
;group that has been charp,ad
deplorable in- t d ., .,?1 - . pects at the time of their En-(st
ticipotion in this . ' rier all ir.r,r'es to the corn- . ;. 1 ? , - with r.itempting last Saturday ci;2,-,nf.i, mittce's director of cominunica- ?.'ir.:(?csi ?stA171:telat itent.itolteolir? re'''''s at
,to install listening devices atthat ant Torn Torn Woick.
Palicta sources here said
c Did an influe l efficials
th
e office's of Incthe Deocratic mr, piunt's na;no was i'ound in The 'F.B.I., local policemen - lb',
y ntia?
Administration 0r the
National Committee here. the 1.thircss bocyk of Mr. Bari:cr Administralk'n ?fficials and ?Renublican party?or th,:ir po-
Cuban sot/n:7es identified him an " ' ' ""