CUBANS SURRENDER TWO SHIPS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-01601R000500030001-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 122
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 29, 2000
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: December 20, 1972
• Content Type: NSPR

Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-0j*AVWP500030001-6
MIAMI, FLA.
MEWS
E - 93,538
.DEC_2Ol3&
Cubans
surrender
t o ships
The Cuban government
has handed over to Panama
two Miami-based ships
seized a year ago on condi-
tion that the vessels are not
returned to their Cuban exile
owners here.
The Panama-registered
ships, the Johnny Express
and the Layla Express, were
captured in December, 1971,
off the northern coast of
Cuba.
Most of the crew members
were returned. Still being
held are Jose Villa, captain
of the Johnny Express, and
Augustin Torrres, a member
of the Layla Express crew.
Both have families in Miami.
A third crew member, Ovidio
Avila, of the Layla Express,
is believed to have died in a
Cuban prison.
The Castro government 4
has claimed that the ships,
captured by Cuban gunboats
within 10 days of each other,
were used by the U.S.
Central Intelligence Asrency
or n piracy
against Cuba.
The ships are ?owncd by
the Babun family, Cuban ex-
iles living in Miami, a ho op-
erate
the Bahamas Line. An-
other
ship of the company,
the Lincoln Express, sank
last Thursday off San Juan.
The ships were handed over
to Panama following signing
of an agreement in Havana
yesterday under which Pana-
ma pledged not to turn the
vessels over to their former
owners.
The agreement was signed
by Dr. Romulo Escobar Be-
tancourt, rector of Panama
University, and Dr. Rene
Anillo, Cuban first deputy
foreign minister.
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 STATINTL
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Approved For Release 20. RDP
areg1~~Q p -
2 4 NOV 4272
Helms at Canlp David
It's Time to Look
At the CIA
By Stephen S. Rosenfeld
MR. HELMS, director of the Central Intel-
ligence Agency, was publicly summoned to
Camp David this week to participate in what
the White House terms its "major" reassess-
ment of the American foreign policy struc-
ture. If his summons indicates that the
United States' large secret intelligence es-
tablishment is to undergo the same Execu-
tive scrutiny being accorded the agencies
which operate more in the public eye; then
this is welcome and important news.
Before saying more, I should perhaps
state that I am not one of those journalists
with a close discreet working relationship
with the CIA; for purposes of this article I
requested an on-the-record interview with
Helms.or his chosen representative and (lid
not receive one.
It would seem self-evident, however, that
as the United States moves from an era of
confrontation to an era of negotiation, from
a time when Russia and Communism- were
widely perceived as terribly menacing to a
time when both the country and the ideol-
ogy are increasingly re;arded as adequately
neighborly, then the role of the CIA has got
to be reviewed.
Now, obviously a great nation must have a
professional intelligence service. The imper-
atives of defense, not to say elementary pru?-
dence, demand it. A case can even be made
that a certain kind of technological intelli-
gence is more essential in a period of in-
cipient detente-in order to supply policy
makers and their publics with the assurance
they need in order to enter into new agree-
ments with old adversaries.
THE SALT-I agreement apparently is uni-
que in granting explicitly each side's right
to lob intelligence satellites over the other's
territory to count missiles, tests and so on.
Presumably satellites would be similarly
useful in verifying and in nourishing public
confidence in any shifts made as a result of
the forthcoming European force reduction
talks. In all cease-fire situations, Mideast,
Indochina or what-have-you, intelligence
can be vital.
In at least two areas, however, intelli-
gence needs review: for "dirty tricks" and
for its secrecy. -
The act of 1947 setting tip the CIA speci-
fied that, in addition to intelligence duties,
it was to perform '-such other functions" as
the National Security Council might direct.
A "plans division" was set up in 1931. host
CIA directors, including helms. have cone
up through Plans. The group seems to have
been active, and conspicuously so, through
the 1950s, toppling uncooperative govern-
ments, harassing wayward Communists,
elc The whole atmosphere was permissive:
deputy directof for Plans, 'an-" old Helms
nian, operates on a much tighter leas
(doing no more, it is said, than the Republi
cans are alleged to have done to th
Democrats); that the old problems of polic
control and separation of intelligence fro
operations are in hand; that the small an
weak countries which once were the CIA'
playgrounds are no longer so vulnerable to
its deeds.
At the same time, one hears that the Pres-
ident's old anti-Communist juices have not
altogether stopped fermenting and that he
receives and is responsive to reports that
the.Russians still play some pretty rotten
tricks and, by golly, we ought to show them -
they can't do that to us and get away with it.
WHATEVER TIIE .T.RUTH, I would sub-
mi.t that the time is ripe for the Congress to'
review the dirty-tricks mandate it gave to
the CIA a quarter-century ago as the cold
war was beginning to dominate the Ameri-
can outlook on the world. It is inconsistent,
at the least, that the. State . Department
should now be zeroing in on measures to
combat "international terrorism" while the
CIA retains a capacity to practice certain
forms of it. Cuba's continuing lack of love
for the CIA, restated in its bid for hijacking
talks last week, underscores the point.
Secrecy is something else. No one who ac-
cepts the need for intelligence would argue.
that the whole process and products should
be made public. But no one concerned with
the health of democracy can accept that con-
dition with equanimity. The general sense of
being at war with communism since World
War 11 has produced a far more secretive
government than we would want or tolerate
in other times. With that sense of being at
war danger fading, the rationale or spur for
secrecy diminishes accordingly. There is fur-
ther the claim that the secrecy surrounding
the CIA may have undermined the larger
job of conducting a?wise policy, i.e., one well
discussed and debated.
This is the principal basis on which Sena-
tor Cooper earlier this year proposed that
the relevant act be amended to give the for-
eign relations and. defense committees of
both houses access to the information and
analysis obtained by the CIA--exactly as the.
Atomic Energy Commission has given such
secret material for decades to the Joint
Committee on Atomic Energy. Predictably,
the President objected. The Foreign Rela-
tions Committee approved the proposed
amendment; the Armed Services Committee,
otherwise preoccupied, did not act on it.
Cooper is retiring but Senator Symington,
who has his own sense of the need to assert
the Congress' foreign policy responsibilities
-and his own record of concern for improving
congressional oversight of the CIA, may be
prepared to receive the torch. He's No. 2on
Armed Services, too.
The CIA is out of, the news these days. It
usually gels into the news only when it fouls
up. But a lot more about its place in the new
bureaucratic and international scheme of
things ought to be known. Whether the
CIA's activities are all essential and whether
they are all organizedefficiently are ques--
it was a President who ate up the .lames tions which a responsible Congress should
Bond hooks who let the Plans Division or- not want to leave to a Chief Executive hud-
mvet-:For-.Rele e1-20ai/03/04(oiG-;lATRDPWO-16-Off OO590080001-6
to invade at the Bay of Pigs. David.
 Approved For Release ,0. 1,/ } rJQ4 ti;Q -RDP80-01601
17 NOV ?372
this one (hijacking) problem," "Such an unlawful climate
T Bray said. of unpunished piracy and vio-
'rS
~ff
t
said that although It lation of the most elementary)
He `' ??
norms of civilized life escala-I STATINTL
t
o specu-
would be premature
Direct TAMS late on the course negotiations to the serious problem of
might take, "our view is that plane hijackings and other ter-
O ( this process should address it- roristic acts to their present
W17.7
t~ 1I.J itfS self basically to the future,". disquieting proportions, which
rather than restating past po- now affect the entire interna-
tional community," the Cuban
By H. D. S. Greenway sitions. government said.
rose 3',ff'T"ter But the basic obstacle in the If th
ited State
r
-
U
r
e
n
s
we
e,
The State Department past has always been that the, willing to ease the posture
e
moved decisively yesterday to Cubans have sought a "broad willingy ease i fi
reinforce the budding spirit of agreement" while the Uniteed formed sources suggested, the
Cuban-American c?ooperat;on, States has wanted to deal Cubans omight unce esuggested, the
on the hijacking issue, saying "specifically and narrowly" into a hijacking agreement.
that. the United States would with hijacking. ? ter
that would not cover the sim;
be willing to enter into direct Wednesday's Cuban state- ple refugee who exits Cuba
negotiations if the Cubans de- ment reiterates past Cuban without violence, theft or the
sire. policy by saying that any diversion of ships or aircraft.
State Department spokes agreement should be based on Mrion ile, the 1{r assured
man Charles W. Bray said See-! their 1969 law-which covers the Air Line Pilots Association
retary William P. Rogers meti not only aerial hijackings, but ;that the bureau intends to'
with Swiss Ambassador Felix a number of crimes including; comply with a long-standing
Schnyder yesterday and asked stealing boats and illegal de-' agreement to honor the. air-
him to inform the Cuban gov-, partures from Cuba. plane captain's command role
ernm-nt that the United The U.S. objection to this during hijacking crises.
States "Nvelcomed" Cuba's ex- was stated by .Assistant Secre- In the first of a series of
pressed desire -to reach a hi-1 tary of State Charles Meyer in meetines with, rerponsibi of
jacking agreement and thatlitestimony at Senate Foreign) federal officials th, ALPA prase
the United States wants "to' lielations Committee hijack-j
move ahead toward some ing hearings in 1971, dent John J. O'Donnell met
agreement on this issue in the "Obviously, the U.S. govern- for several hours yesterday
most expeditious and effective Ynent could not agree to re- with Robert Gehhardt, assist-
manner." turn refugees to Cuba simply ant FBI director in charge of
A Cuban government an- 'because they left that country) its General Investigative Divi-
nouneement 11'cdnesda> ex- without the consent of the lion, to express the pilots' con-
pressed v: iliin.'ness to seek a Cuban authorities," Meyer cern about the events of last
"broad agreement" with the said. weekend and their preferences
United States on the hijacking State Department legal ad- 'for future policy.
problem. riser Mark Feidman also testi- Both the FBI and ALFA de-
That the Secretary of State lied that beyond the simple clined to discuss the session,
should personally respond to refugee problem, which could pending further developments.
Cuba's overture was seen as be covered by both countries 11 ir~itteetrtciitt Silent
SSilent
an unusual move to stress U.S. i?c?,ervIng the right of political
willingness to negotiate a hi- asylum, the United States also Ott Financial Problem
jacking agreement. objected to a blanket agree-
The United States and Cuba nirnt that could cover the Southern Airways declined
"theft. of small boats, collusion to comment yesterday on a re-
h no annd dthe e uCubabans s n a rre ae thhooughught t to relations with the pilot of a plane, a vol- port that a Civil Aeronautics
a
prefer the present arras: e. r=otary arre nnement for diver- Board spokesman said the air-
ment of dealing through the Sion of an aircraft not involy- line faces financial collapse as
Swiss. But State Department big force...." a result of the reported $2 mil-
spokesman Bray said that the lion ransom paid three men
He said the United States who hijacked one of their jets
"United States would have no wanted to limit an agreement to Cuba last weekend.
objection to direct negotia to the "serious problem of div- The chairman of the CAB,
tions ersion by force of ships or air- Secor D. Browne, however,
Both the State Department craft...." said here yesterday that
and the White House, how-' The Cubans. however, made Southern Ail-ways was faced
ever, discouraged speculation 1 it clear in their statement with a serious financial prob-
that any hijacking agreement l Wednesday that a broader lam.
would lead to improved over. agreement was necessary. It The airline had earned $1.3
all relations with Cuba. accused the United States of million in profits between
White House press secretary j "inventing the economic January and September, he
Ronald L. Ziegler said lie blockade, mercenary aggres- said, and unless Cuba returned
would "caution against" any lions and piratical attacks the money to Southern, the
broader. implications that,; from CIA boats disguised as airline's financial future could
might arise from hijacking merchant vessels from bases be undermined..
talks. Ile referred to a recent located in territory of Central
interview in w?hiclt Pres;dent'I American countries and in the
Nixon said there would he n o ' ' United States itself."
change in policy towards Cuba,; Cuba accused the United
until Fidel Castro changed his ! States of encouraging illegal
revolutionary attitude towards, entries from Cuba' into the
the Americas. United States and vice versa
4e are dealing here verv
sci ippn ved NRel4 t 'O Wt -RDP80-01601 R000500030001-6
 Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-
DAILY WORLD
5 OCT 1972
r-5 f1 `t4~~ ~ ~ ems' O ~4 4~
By ERIK BERT
The principal document of the
latest united front of anti-Soviet
"liberals," Trotskyites, revision-
ists and others is the recent "openi
letter" of Jiri Pelikan, a Czech
revisionist now located in Italy.
His letter, published in the "lib-
eral" New York Review of Books
on August 31, and in the Trotsky-
ite "Militant" on September 8 is
framed in phrases about freedom
of speech, democracy and the
like.
It is
Soviet.
This is evident in its dealing
with the Vietnam war, socialism
in Czechoslovakia, and the trade
union and youth movements.
Pelikan seeks to ensnare ene-
mies of U.S. imperialism by
"agreeing" that "there is a big
difference between American mil-
itary aggression in Vietnam and
the Soviet intervention in Czecho-
slovakia." What the "big dif-
ference" is, he does not say.
What he does say is that "the
substance of the two interven-
tions is the same; to prevent
people from deciding their own
destiny."
Why is Pelikan so shy about
indicting U.S. imperialism?
Whatever one may think about
the Czechoslovak events of 1908.
one thing is evident: Pelikan cov-
ers up for U.S. aggression in Viet-
nam in 1972 by making its bloody
devastation, in "substance," the
same as the entry of the Warsaw
pact troops in Czechoslovakia in
19G8.
One thing is certain: the liber-
ation forces of Vietnam don't
think so.
Pelikan does demand the "im-
mediate withdrawal of American
lrobps from Vietnam" - but in
the same double-dealing fashion.
For Pcli::an, "the immediate
-withdrawal of American troops
from Vietnam" is the same in
"substance" as the withdrawal of
"Soviet troops from Czechoslo-
vakia."
lie thus offers the Nixon ad-
ministration an argument for not
ending U.S: military aggression
in Indochina until the Soviet
Union has withdrawn its forces
from Czechoslovakia. That's
i.z , it 3
:.emu v~/c.~
mand" for the immediate with-
drav:als from Vietnam and Czech-
oslovakia is that the Soviet Union,
like the U.S., is imperialist. The
Trotskyite, say it openly; he says
it obliquely.
But the Trotskyites know what
he means. That's why they hail
him as a "prominent figure in the
struggle for proletarian democ-
racy " in Czechoslovakia in 1960.
Czechoslovak revisionists and
their "liberal" friends in the blest
declare that there was no threat
of counter-revolution in Czecho-
slovakia in 1968. Let's leave that
aside, and consider the revision-
ists' program today.
Pelikan today offers the planks
for counter-revolution.
The main plank is that there is
no socialism in Czechoslovakia.
Czechoslovakia, Pelikan says, is a
"country that calls itself 'social-
ist'." It is a "so-called 'working-
class' state."
His platform like the platform
of those who were tried and found
guilty of actions against the soc-
ialist state, is that Czechoslo-
vakia is not a socialist country.
He declares: "...the working
class. ,,of Czechoslovakia has
made it clear that it does not con-
sider the present regime socialist."
What he would have said, if he
were honest is: "I, Jiri Pelikan,
and my political associates do not
consider the present regime soc-
ialist."
What does that imply?
Overthrow "the present re-
gime." That's Pelikan's political
platform. That's why the Trotsky-
ites embrace him though he rep-
resents right opportunism.
Pelikan complains that the so-
called "Workers Councils, formed
in 1968 and dissolved in 1969. have
been defined as 'instruments of
counter-revolution'."
But that is precisely what they
were. They were organized by the
anti-socialist revisionists in order
to extend their base. from journal-
ists and intellectuals and students.
into the working class.
They succeeded, in some de-
gree. in penetrating the working
class, arousing rear-hvsteria.
threatening general strikes if
Josef Smrkovsky, a leading revi-
sionist, were not named chairman
STATINTL
tJ 4: rs W vc7J ~J LuO~1JL i V
Pelikan's un-class. anti-class
approach disguises itself in liberal
concern for "political prisoners."
Thus, he wants the "release of
all political prisoners in the world,
in Greece. Spain, Portugal, Brazil,
Iran, the United States, and also
in Czechoslovakia and the Soviet
Union."
For him a "political prisoner"
is a "political prisoner." A "poli-
tical prisoner" of a socialist coun-
try is just as worthy of support as
a "political prisoner" of a cap-
italist country.
What matter to him that in
Cuba, let us say, the "political
prisoners" are CIA agents who
would restore capitalism and
exploitation and subjection to
U.S. imperialism?
What matter- to him that in
Czechoslovakia and the Soviet
Union the "political prisoners"
have incited anti-socialist actions?
Pelikan says "the Student Union
has been dissolved," and the
"New York Review of Books,"
and the "Militant" pass it on as
legitimate.
The truth is that today almost
every fifth person under 30 years
of age is a member of the Social-
ist Union of Youth in Czechoslo-
vakia.
The SUY was constituted in
November 1970. after Czechoslo-
vakia's unified youth movement
had been disrupted and fragment-
ed by the revisionist upsurge in
1968 and 1969.
In the less than two years
since its founding convention the
SUY has doubled-in membership:
its basic organizations have in-
creased two and a half times in
number.
At present there are SUY or-
ganizations in all important fac-
tories. plants and shops; at all
universities, secondary schools.
apprentice training centers, units
of the armed forces and in more
than 60 percent of all villages.
Young workers account for al-
most one fourth of the member-
ship.
`'re soul !e dca ~r }we'd Foro(RM
1e3 P1r1O3/04 : CIA-RDP80-01601 R00050003ggQj.lfhucd
The ''substance' of his "de-
 Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601 R000500030001-6
STATINTL
MIAMI, FLA.
NEWS
E - 93,538
-OCT .3 I= 7
Panama is planning
to seize fre'?d vessels
Teofilo Babun, owner of duct "anti-Castro activities ders from the U.S. ~ Central
X_-',-=as Line, a shipping from those ships under or- Intelligence Agency."
here, is keeping
ooout Panama's an-
nouncement that it will con-
fiscate two of his cargo
ships, if they are released by
Cuba.
The cargo shins Johnny
Express and Layla Express
were seized by Cuban gun-
boats in December, and have
been held by Cuba ever
since. Both bear Panamanian
registry.
Cuban Premier Fidel Cas-
tro said early last month the
ships would be released to a
Panamanian crew this week.
Panama then announced it
would confiscate the ships,
use them in Panama, and not
remunerate the owners, as
punishment to them for their
troubles with Cuba.
Romulo Escobar Betan-
court, rector of the Universi-
ty of Panama and the man
who negotiated the ships' ex-
pected release, charged the
ships' owners had misused
the Panamanian flag to con-
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 Approved For Release 20Q.V- : f4 4? A R--QI?,$0-0160
2 r SEP 1972
;ILL JU i '' .x.10
By JOHN P. WALLACH
News American Washington Bureau
These may range from clean- Then my guide chimed in,
,ing streets (the most effective "The only people afraid of the
CDR campaign) to making CFR are the ones who should be
thousands of Vietnamese hats to afraid."
honoring Mrs. Nguyen Thi Binh,
"In Cuba, you have to be a! And you can't become al Vietcong delegate to the Paris TWELVE YEARS after the
member of something. Of: member of. the highly selectivei peace talks, during her recent, revolution. Cuba is still scared,
course, it's not compulsory," my Communist party unless you'vei visit. 1 klY.#tiide told the story of Major
official Guide explained. "But if been chosen a "Vanguard-" t Rolando Cubelas, who had a
The CDR mono: "All those'
you're not a member of high post in the Cuban army
Y tvGrkcr? who believe in the revoluticn~ anything, it means you're not; "Of course, if you're a good but, according to my informant,
." helps should be ready to defend the "carme under the influence of
with th?~ ^
goveronent CDR worker it helyou obtain revolution." In practice, it! the CIA."
He added: very i television sets, refrigerators,, sometimes works out that the! !
"At the .least you can' electric mixers and so on, defenders become overzealous. Cub,-]as hatched a plot to
belong to the CDR." Rodriquez said. Not surpris-I assassinate Castro, the guide
The CDR - Commitee for the; ingly, the largest number of; -FOR EXAMPLE, a Cuban! recounted, but Fidel found out,
Defense of the : Revolution. is! prized consumer goods belong to! was quietly describing conditonst about it and sent for him. Put!
Cuba's largest 'mass organiza-! the 250,000 members of the of life to me when an old woman! Cubelas didn't heed the advice;
tion, a network of neighborhood! Communist party. who lived upstairs suddenly and eventualy was condemned!
I vigilantes whose chief job is to~ The first step in the competi- burst into the apartment. to 30 years in prison. I
watch out for "enemies" of the! Lion for scarce material goods orj 'S S S H H H H ," ' the Cuban "Most people in Cuba believe;
revolution. I a new apartment is to be chosen] cautioned me, w h i s p e r i n g this guy should have been shot;
"You should consider us anan "exemplary" worker by your' "Chiva! Chiva!" Chiva means! but Fidel himself sent a letter to!
organization that is dedicated toi fellow factory or farmhands. I "stool pigeon" or spy - in this! the cpurt asking for clemency,"
the education and persuasion of i I case, she was head of the he said.
the masses," Huge Rodriquez, 1 "AT A ]MASS meeting," mti ; block's CDR. "There were a lot of counter
CDR chief, explained. This guide explained, "someone `tens revolutionaries and acts of,
up and proposes George. Some-1 The old woman said she had'
sabotage at factories. That's
(
citizen's army }vith more than 4 done else will get up and say come to borrow some sugar and
, i why we had to create the mill-)
million members has 6S,000~ 'No, he's left his wife andi soon left. After the disappeared,
doesn't give a damn about !nisi my friend explained that she! Ina,? he said.
posts - ae Rodriquez explained,! f' i wuld report to the! I "one on -each block, between! children, probably ALL MALE, healthy Cubans
the arguments go back andregional CDR Coordinator"
between ages 18 and 45
about even} four of five houses."'
!? forth and then they vote on it. If, that he had been -seen talking to regardless of their previous
THE CDR is the center of a; accepted, he's got his foot on the a foreigner. military experience - are re-
web of interlocking groups! bottom rung of a ladder, quite a At the end of the month, when! quired to spend one day a week,
designed to have up-to-the-; long ladder that can end up in; the coordinator may have some one Sunday a month and two.
minute information on all! the Communist party and; extra potatoes to distribute for! weeks every summer in "corn-
aspects of an- individual's! beyond,"he explained. I the best CDR "street cleaner," bat- preparedness" drills.
personal and public life and' "Once somebody's proposed, the old woman would get the
;! "We have wiped out several!
prepared to share that iniorma-ii he went on, "they start a minute! potatoes despite the fact she'
tion on a moment's notice with' investi coup attempts and counter-
cation into every aspect, never cleaned a street An her revolutionary behavior but that!
the "proper" authorities. of his character. I remember a' life.
If you get into trouble with them chap who was wounded in the': doesn't mean they don't exist on
law, or even pinch a neighbor's! defense against the Bay of Pigs! I RAISED this incident with won't start up again if we
backside when she's g! Rodriquez, the CDR chief. He dismiss these popular forces,.
not looking, anythinn my said. "This country is
invasion but never did expressed amazement that such gude l
the justices of the "people's"! else patriotic, constantly under attack, courts will conduct a thorough Once it s thrown open a thing could be going on, deny- Y first
", g from the Yankee im erialists?
investigation into back-I there's absolutely no holds bar-;ing that CDR legions e
your received extra potatoes orl and then from, c o u n ter -i
ground, with the generous red. They delve into ver] P
revolutionaries."
everything." anything else to distribute to
help of the CDR. To advance in f
- good workers. Organized dissent is prat-i
Cuban society, membership is He didn't make ,. it. tically nonexistent. Up to three(
piacticaly indispensable. OFFICIALLY, the 'CDR has; , "The CDR is not a orpaniza? years ago, security police in!
You can't become al other tasks beside collecting and1; tion tht tries to intimidatei Cuba,reserved? the right to break!
"Vanguard" worker unless you! furnishing information ? as re-'Cubans from speaking to into anyone s home and search;
belong to the CDR. "It helps if quired. It organizes monthly! also gners, he said. "But one it without a warrant. You can
you are a faithful CDR member` "study circles" where speeches! also has to cn r those people still be shot for sabotage, our-1
because it means you are 'in-1 by Fidel Castro, Cuban historywho receive foreigners in their der, serious sex crimes or!
tegrated' with the revolution,"i, or domestic problems are! homes. simply accumulating many!
my guide explained. !discussed. It organizes mass! "if you had made that visit to criminal offenses.
i demonstrations and, r a l I i e si a true revolutionary household
IN ADDITION to other, whenever a visiting Communist! there Would have been' But pro-on. benefits such as free. homes and! di"Hilary is in town and, ac
food, "Vanguard" w o r k e r s, viously if you visit someone with
,r? ?s .~ II cording to Rodriquez, carries. rnnnter-revnh,tionary tenden?
salaries after ica ea~`br"R'eIe a ZAOr4$03JO4c5',oP 'iAbP dl%UTR000500030001-6
while on sick I,tinnal holidays. t d.'.?oA
 STATINTL
Approved For Release WJlv1Q? :tq&RDP80-01601 R
2 6 SEP 1972
HHHijacakers Vlarifto Qtht
experience in socialism"
said a number of airplane
hijackers were negotiating
their return to the United
States.
Les Cooper, 49, a beard-
ed lay preacher who
works in a Key West, Fla.,
boatyard, sailed his 20-foot
cabin cruiser to the Com-
munist island Aug. ' 29,
hoping for a temporary
stay and further passage
to Algeria and the Middle
East-
But he said in an inter-
view he was greeted with
extreme suspicion, investi-
/ gated as a possible CIA'
agent, thrown into dun-
geon-like cells and a men-
tal hospital. He said he
was; finally refused furth-
er assistance and sent
back where he came from
in his ill-equipped and da-
maged boat.
Saved by Freighter-
He was rescued by a
passing German freighter
In the Florida Strait Sept.
20 and brought into Miami
by the Coast Guard.
While b e i n g shuttled
from intelligence agency
jails to the mental hospital
and other detention quar-
ters In Havana,' . Cooper
said, he spent some time at
'H i j a c k- House," where
most of the airplane hi-
jackers who sought asy-
lum in Cuba live. -
'Most are fed. up with
conditions there," Cooper
said. 'They want to leave,
even if It means taking
their punishment in the
United States. They are vi-
olently dissatisfied with
their lives there: Some are
a r i.e s from t h e United.
-States," have jobs paying
them about 590 a month.
They are fed and housed
in dormitory-like rooms.
He said the blacks ap-
peared -to be "more com-
fortably adjusted, 'and
there is a girl there who
has given 'birth to two
babies since she's been
there . `; . So you know
they've been there for
some time."
Cooper said the hijack-
ers included a young Puer-
to Rican from New York
named Jainie and a 55-
year-old man -who told
him he had been a bridge
tender in New York City
until "all of a sudden he
just jumped into a plane
and without any weapons
hijacked it."
Also among the hijack.
ers were a Canadian who
used to be a pilot for the
'Free Quebec Movement"
and a woman from Califor-
nia named Dorothy John-
son, who 'went to Cuba
from Nicaragua.
Expects to Return
Havana Radio an-
nounced April 12 that_the
ransom money .,was taken
from Jose Luis Lugo Rod-
riguec, charged. by the
FBI in San Juan with kid-
n a p i n g bank executive
Jose Luis; Carrion. The
small plane was allowed to
return to Puerto Rico with
the two pilots and the
bank executive. Lugo Rod-
riguez remained behind in
Cuba.
He said the woman told
him she had been shot in
the head and had been in
and out of hospitals for a
number of years. She ex-
pects to return to the Unit-
ed States soon after nego-
tiating with the Swiss Em-
bassy,--which represents
the United States in Cuba,
Cooper said.
Also among the hijack
ers he, talked with, Cooper
said, were two Americans
who forced a small plane
to'fly to. Cuba from Jamai-
ca and a man who kid-
naped a Puerto Rican
b
i
f
us
nessmen
or $290,000
neg tiating thro h e
Approved For Releag@s2EO1/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601 R000500030001-6
Some Are Negotiating Through Swiss -.
for Return- to U.S., Lay Preacher Says
MIAMI t4 -A self-styled Swiss Embassy their re-
American missionary who turn to this country."
took a lone sea Voyage to Cooper said most of the
hijackers, including a
Cuba seeking "practical group of black revolution-
 BALTIMORE HEM'S AHERICAI3
Approved For Release 2001 10 0 -C1*RDP80-016
I'M
49 a 7-1 .1 0
Lt. LY1,G)LN, At 6 1
the prison. "Toll: 20 dead, Including three
Cuban policemen; 70 wounded.
0 The suicides. Name: Hank Baron.'
ioeers
. By JOHN WALLAW1 ? ' uems u1 tiusLrcaunem uwcuveicu uy uiia Eastern Airlines 727 jet on July 29, 1969.
s? ,' News American correspondent, are not attributed to them Jumped off Hotel Naional in Havana on
Wachlnofnn n?rPau individually. By no means has such 4 1071 fArnllortinnc of n hiiacker
: Sweaty black hoods and numbing injec-' ""IJcU? AULL,Lcu Uy a? 14ijaa.n110 who was with Hank the day before he died:
.lions, midnight terror rides, guards empty- residing in Cuba.
ing their pistols into occupied cells, a prison This is the story as told by the hijackers "He was very unhappy. He wrote letters
riot in which 20 people are killed and suicide themselves, to his mother but never received any
attempts - one successful, the son of a 0 The welcome. It is always the same. answer. He said he was sure his mother and
Chicago television producer - and a near- "Many hijackers think they'll put the gun father loved him but couldn't understand
miss while I was in Havana. back in your pocket, slap you on the back why they hadn't answered his letters. }Ie
'. This is the nightmare- world that may and say 'Come on, friends. Let's go see Ha- tried to be a revolutionary but this revolu-
await the-next American hijacker of a plane vana'." lion was entirely different from what he
d It would be
li
b
.
e
eve
to Cuba. It is not the rule. If he is lucky the Instead, the reception committee is com-
hijacker will spend only a few weeks or posed of Soviet-built armored cars and jeeps "He couldn't eat his food. He was
(nonths behind bars before being moved to restricted from visiting his friends bhis permanent home, a light-blue, two-story Fanned by dozens of Cuban soldiers aiming he was told they were not true because
aus revolu-
Editor's Note: What has happened to AK 47s at the plane.
tionaries. Ile had to keep his mouth shut
the Americans who hijacked planes to , ' . "They took me to a prison, threw me in a when he felt like saying somethingto the
Havana? During a month in Cuba, corre-
spondent Wallach met secretly with some tell and for three days I didn't see anyone. Cuban officials because he knew that if he
of the hijackers. They tell their story ' They took everything from me, from my told them what he really thought he would
in their own words in this, the first of 12 tomb to my underpants. In return, they go back to the security prison.
exclusive articles. gave me overails that were three times too
big and linen slippers. "Ile was not afraid of the guards. Afraid
.
Is
house in suburban Siboney, the "'Casa de not the word for Hank. Hank never was in
h
house ins" b -hijackers house"The first few weeks were the hardest prison in his life and he was only 17 years
because they always said -tomorrow or a old. All his life he lived good. He came to
It is kept under round-the-clock guard by couple of more days and you'll be free. This Cuba because he had that sensitive feeling
.Cuban Army lieutenants. Twenty or about couple of days became a couple of weeks. for humanity. I told him your place is not
one-third of the American hijackers are This couple of weeks became a couple of here in Cuba. Your place is In the Peace
-there. They are not permitted to get work. months and I became nervous and more and Corps.
Instead, they are given monthly allowances more depressed.
of 40 pesos (about $40), and two-hour "He said, 'But I love Che Guevarra.' I
"passes" when they want to go out. "When I found out there were other said, 'But maybe Che Guevarra had dif-
The story of the skyjackers plight was Americans who were there for eight months; ferent ideas from those people now running
revealed to this correspondent in a series of nine months, a year and a half, I really got Cuba.' He said, 'Now I know for sure that
high-secret and potentially dangerous mid- scared. I said, 'Man, you really asked for' Che Guevarra and these people represent
night meetings in a Havana park. Those who ittwo entirely different ideals."
risked their lives, to relate this tale of "TheY took us first to the airport police "Nobody was allowed to leave prison
hardship were men who said they had suf-
fered terrible torment'and travail while in- ' department and from there the secret ser- with a pass for the funeral. We were told.
vice took its .to the G2 department where I they were expecting some big-wig visitors
terned in Cast Cuba. was interrogated for six months. After those ? from national immigration. A few days later
A handful ro of s deeply motivated hijackers -six months they took me for eight months to we found out what the reason was. Hank had
have adjusted to the hardships of life* in Principe prison. After those eight months, committed suicide."
Cuba and are completely free. One of them they took me to the Isle of Pines for hard
is teaching at the University of Havana. -labor. John Peabody tried seven times to com-
Six are in mental hospitals and the re- ? mit suicide, all of them unsuccessful, one of
maining twenty-five are in prison.. ' "After seven months of hard labor, they the hijackers disclosed. He tried by dropping
Almost all of them would come home if took me back to Havana to the G2 security out of his prison bunk, head first onto the
glyenthe chance. Several of the hijackers prison for five months. After those five cement floor. "Oh, he got a couple of con.
told this correspondent they would gladly months they tried to dump me off a cussions and fractured his skull once but he
exchange life sentences in the United States freighter in Europe but no socialist country never died. 'You think they will kill us?,' he
for their lives in Cuba. in the United States, would accept me. Three months lat. .r, they used to ask me. 'Just once more, I'd like to
they said, there always is the possibility of brought me back to Cuba. For almost two eat chocolate cake'."
Years and two months after that, I was in a .
parole. he police jail." Total: four years and seven While this correspondent was In Havana,
They would then never story be were anoth toerld hijack- tace':months. another hijacker - a 30-year-old black
states there said if
ing to Cuba. But for its own reasons the Cu- 0 The prison riot. October 10, 1968. jAmerican off a with a nervous disorder
jumped mpe a six-story building after an
ban government won't let them go. The hi-' Principe prison. "Guards started beating up argument with his wife. He lived, paralyzed
jackers are instructed not to talk to foreign eight, ten, twelve-year-old children in the from the neck down, was operated on and
correspondents. ? main yard. They were using machetes. That swiftly moved back to his original prison
Four Americans went back to prison while was too much. I got fed up and yelled, "You cell. His name is being withheld because of
I was in Havana: Luis Fresco, Lester homosexuals." That's what started it. For uncertainty about whether his family .has
,Perry, ,Tom Davis and Raymond Johnson. three days we were in complete control of been informed.
To protect their lives, the following
quotes, regarding ,thg,artfpotvLAT Fool T 1kelease 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601 R000566fl$QQQ~~S
 Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601 R00
CALIFORNIA
UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA PRESS
FALL BOOKS 1972
The Rise and Decline of Fidel Castro
Maurice Halperin
The author of this unusual book was twice
forced out of teaching positions at American
universities because of his political beliefs. He
spent three years on the faculty of the USSR
Academy of Sciences and five years, from
i96i to 1968, at the University of Havana.
He went to Cuba in 1962 on the invitation of
Che Guevara, who had visited him in Mos-
cow, and there gathered the materials for this
intimate portrait of the Castro regime.
Mr. Halperin concentrates his attention on
Castro's foreign policy, placing it in the con-
text of domestic policy and conditions. Ob-
viously skilled in reading the new socialist
rhetoric, Professor Halperin guides the reader
through the maze of documents, speeches,
and propaganda which constitute the record
of the Castro regime during the sensational
events.involving Kennedy, Khrushchev, mis-
siles, aid the CIA. Although the main narra-
ti e is.conc- erncgA.with the years 1959-1964-
primarily the period of the rise of Fidel Castro
-it, contains. digressions into events of the
following years when, according to the auth-
STATINTL
or, Castro's great utopian dreams turned into
nightmares. A second volume, carrying the
story down to the present, is in preparation.'
Maurice Halperin is Professor of Political
Science at Simon Fraser University, Van-
couver, B.C.
"A brilliant contribution to the literature
on contemporary Cuba- and perhaps even
more a remarkable series of insights into the
new politics of mass society."
-Woodrow Borah
October LC 77-182794 ISBN 0-320-02182-7
323 pages 6 x 9?
LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES/ POLITICAL SCIENCE/ HISTORY
World ? 4.95 $10.95
Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601 R000500030001-6
 STATINTL
Approved For Release 2 5'O : E7&-RDP80-0
1 MAY 1972
t -C s a s t rO.
A n
. S. rs Pr~t~cti
BY ]1SER114N R. SIGALE Panamanian Line
? , specigi to 'ree star
Iuty in international waters "We are not providing protec- - of a vessel under charter to
'near Cuba are giving special tion to any one specific line." the Bahamas Line was said to
protection to several Pana- He also said that policy state- have followed the old route
manian-flag cargo vessels of ments by the State and De- along the western Bahamas
a shipping line run by anti- fense Departments last De- chain despite warnings from
Castro Cuban exiles. . cember still prevail. chagrined Navy commanders.
The situation stems from in- At that time, a State Depart- U.S. Citizen Aboard
.strucitons issued in December ment spokesman said the gov- The sources said that since
and February to U.S. naval ernment would "take all mea- the U.S. policy was announced
commanders in the Caribbean sures under international law patrol
to protect merchant ships of to protect U.S. citizens and the December, Cuban menacing
friendly nations, by force if freedom of the seas against
necessary, against attack or these attacks in this area." forays and have seldom ven-
seizure by the Cuban navy. The Pentagon ordered air tured far from home.
H igh -1 e v el sources said and sea patrols and followed Castro, in a speech Dec. 22,
Navy warships assigned to up in February with orders for said Cuba guarantees safe
carry out the Pentagon's or- U.S. warships to interpose passage for all ships in inter-
ders have mounted a special themsevies between Cuban at- national waters but reserves
watch on ships of the Baha-, tackers and merchant ships the right to pursue any "pi-
~mas Line, owner of two cargo threatened with seizure. rate" ship that' has taken part
vessels seized by Cuban sub- Regarding implementation in actions against Cuba.
? chasers Dec. 5 and 15 in the of the policy, however, sources
dower Bahamas, about 12(1 in a position to know said that Cuba is still holding the cap-
miles northeast of Cuba. U.S. warships patrol intermit- tured vessels, along with the
Only Bahamas Line tently, with foreknowledge of captain of the Johnny Ex-
the itineries of Bahamas Line/press, Jose Villa of Hialeah,.
The orders, first revealed in ships. Fla., and three crew mem-
press reports last month, call The patrols operate mainly bers. There has been. no an-
for U.S. protection of a threat- in the Windward Passage, a nouncement of a trial or sen-;
ened m e r c h a n t m a n of a channel about 55 miles wide tencing. The 24 other crewmen
friendly country, under specs- between Cuba and Haiti, and .
tied conditions. in waters just north and south- were repatriated.
But in practice, .the sources west of the passage. Bahamas Villa was the only American.
disclosed, close surveillance is Line vessels often transit the . citizen in the group, and- his
maintained only for Bahamas passage on cargo runs be- plight was a factor in the U.S.
Line vessels, with U.S. ships tween Miami and the Domini- government's decision to act.
going out to keep a watch on can Republic and Haiti. Sources verified that one of
them as they pass through A 165-foot patrol gunboat the conditions for a U.S. war-
sensitive areas near Cuba, based at Little Creek, Va., is ? ship to move against any fu-
sometimes keeping them in currently on surveillance duty, ture seizure attempt is that
sight for. hours. operating from the U.S. Naval the American commander at
that those vessels s it is assumed - Omar Ex- Base at Guantanamo Bay, the scene must have reason to
Press William Express, Jose sage. A near fu, A futhelltime Windward dPas- pa- believe a U.S. citizen is aboard,
destroyer troye
Express and Lincoln Express trol announced Dec. 28 by At- the threatened vessel. _;
- would be prime targets if lantic Fleet headquarters in Whether U.S. citizens are.
Premier Fidel Castro chose to Norfolk has been quietly ter- actually aboard the Bahamas
` go after-another ship. minated. Now, a source said, Line ships is unclear.
Castro charged that the cap- destroyers training at Quan- The other conditions for U.S.
tured ships, the Layla Express tanamo are assigned to patrol
and the Johnny Express, had as' needed. I action are that the threatened
served the U.S. CIA on pre- ship, must be in international
vious voyages by landing guer- More Easterly Route I waters-at least three miles
i'illas and arms in Cuba. The operation is directed by from Cuba-and that the U.S.
The Bahamas Line is a Pan- the commander -of the Navy's ; commander have no knowl-
amanian corporation, and its Caribbean Sea Frontier in San edge that the endangered ves-
ships fly the flag of Panama. Juan, Puerto Rico. He report- sel is engaged in illegal activi
The firm has an operations edly acts on information on ties against Cuba.
office in Miami, headed by the whereabouts of Bahamas
Teofilo Babun, one'of a family Line ships obtained from the
known for support of anti- Coast Guard in Miami and
Castro exile movements. U.S. military attaches in Santo
Freedom of the Seas Domingo and Port-au-Prince.
Babun? said he did not ask dents Since the the December inci-
the Navy for special protec- 'vessels remainingBahamas
tion. "They patrol the waters oeasterly have taken a
aerly route around
generally, not especially for the lower Bahamas, farther'
us," he said. away from Cuba. In one in-
. A Pentagon kesman
asked about the raxp?aF8r 11 1h 2 63/04: CIA-RDP80-01601?R000500030001-6
 NORF9pr&ed For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01
PILOT
Mlz7 204;"Z'
S - 174,257
For Cuban Linguist,
A. Path to Norfolk
By ETHEL A. STEADMAN
Virginian-Pilot Staff writer.
:.NORFOLK-Juan Gonzalez, at
one time the youngest officer in
the Cuban navy,'a man forced to
quit a flourishing private law
practice in Havana to work for
the state, now teaches Spanish in
Murfreesboro, N.C.
.He fled Communist Cuba by
way of Spain in 1968, eight years
after first seeking permission to
leave his homeland.-Not quite
two years 'ago, he migrated to
this cou0try to end an odyssey
that took him to Portugal. Cana-
da, Mexico, and Puerto Rico en
route.
Gonzalez hopes his long jour-
ney will end in Norfolk. He plans
to open a language school and
translation service here this sum-
mer.
Once, for three months in the
summer of 1943, a Cuban navy
vessel to which Gonzalez was at-
tached stopped over in Hampton
Roads, he recalled recently.
Gonzalez brought his wife and
four children out of Cuba with
him..(They now have six youngs-
ters, two boys and four girls.)
His mother and other relatives
were left behind. He has heard
nothing from his mother in two
years, and repeated attempts to
telephone her have met with fail-
ure, he said..
Gonzalez' experience as a refu-
gee is no worse than that of thou-
sands of his countrymen, no
doubt. He was a well-to-do man
of stature in his community who,
now 46, must begin again.
He .looks forward to becoming
an American citizen in about a
year.
"The only country free in the
world is the United States," Gon-
zalez declared.
Communist sympathizers dis-
?turb him.*
He remembers a night during
which 285 people were liquidated.
He described life in Havana,
even for a man of his standing -
personal acquaintance of Fidel
Castro, naval officer, and lawyer
- as oneof harassmentand con-
stant surveillance.
'In the Communist system,
you don't have friends," Gonza-
lez said.
Neighbors are spies, and the
state is omnipotent.
He once was accused of being
an agent for the Central Intellig-
ence Agency simply because e-
ham legal work for an
American sailor stationed at
Guantanamo Bay, who married a
Cuban, Gonzalez said. He chuc-
kled at the thought.
Gonzalez was forced to leave
with the Cuban government all
his possessions, even the rings he
and his wife wore, when they
fled.
At the height of his law prac-
tice, Gonzalez was earning the
equivalent of between S4,000 and
$5,000 a month, he said, and had
a bank balance. of nearly $125,000.
He and Castro we're in law
school together in the late 40s,
Gonzalez said. He recalled Castro
as a poor student.
In 1959, soon after the Castro
takeover in Cuba, Castro called
Gonzalez and asked shim to join
the new government, the refugee
said. When he was less than en-
thusiastic, it became apparent
that he wasn' being asked, but
told, said Gonzalez.
The year he left-1968-steak
was selling for $12 a cut and cof-
fee was rationed at one-half ounce
per person weekly. Cubans were
Gonzalez
permitted two boxes of ciga-
rettes, 16 to the box, and one
pound of butter a month.
Children from I to 7 years old
got one can of milk a week, as
did Cubans 65 and over, Gonzalez
said.
Government workers were al-
lotted one pair of shoes a year
and eight gallons of gasoline a
month -of they were lucky
enough to have a car. Few were,
he added.
Gonzalez, who claims to hold
three master's degrees and three
doctorates, taught himself Eng-
lish after arriving in Boone, N.C.,
to attend a language instiute at
Appalachian State University, he
said.
Gonzales was teaching school
in Puerto Rico when he saw an
advertisement in a newspaper for
teaching positions in North Caro-
lina, he said. That's how he hap-
pened onto Murfreesboro.
He plans to t e a c h Spanish,
Portuguese, and Italian at the
Norfolk Academy of Languages
to open June 1 in the Monticello
Arcade.
He also will provide a transla-
tion service, private tutoring,
and courses in English for the
foreign-born. Another teacher
will give classes. in French and
"You learn only when the com-
munists are in your country," he
said, and then often it is too late.
Youths between 15 and 27 years
of age aren't allowed to leave
Cuba under the Castro regime,
Gonzalez said. They, and younger
Cubans, axe the tar et {~ ar s-
sive braiff#)~~rO Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601 R000500030001-6
 wkSHIN TO:+ POSt
Approved For Release 2 11/ O1 72CIA-RDP80-016
. h,
Htth:Spends:'3 ]Vl~pA
By Teri Shave '1"'?*""
in Uuban Jail
Washlncton Poet Staff writer tempted Invasions f the is- "The bumps
n~ ed 40 to 60 minutes every on the cement
',:Last Christmas Day, Cuban authorities arrested land, are presently in jail in other day, were all McDon- made the shadows look like
Cuba. There are also six aid had to look forward to- a mountain range, so I
/ Frank McDonald, a 30-year. old American writer who North Americans convicted
f narcotics offenses and an
had spent the previous o
hijack-
seven months as a guest lec-
turer at the University of He added that efforts had
Havana, and charged him been made, through the
with spying. McDonald was Swiss embassy, which han-
told that-he faced a possible dles U.S. affairs in Cuba, to
30-year prison sentence. locate McDonald while he
A Caribbean specialist, was in prison. The efforts
McDonald had spent two were fruitless until the day
months in Cuba the pre- after McDonald was re-
?vious year and written arti- ers in Cuban jails, he said.
cles about the country leased, when the Ministry of
under a fellowship. During Foreign Affairs told the em-
that earlier stay. 'he had in- bassy that he had been held
terviewed many Cubans for questioning.
with the aim of writing a McDonald said his captors
book contrasting Cuba with used "no physical intimida.
the rest of the Caribbean tion."
and assessing U.S. influence "The only time anyone
in the region. touched me," he added, "was
McDonald said he believes the day my interrogator told
that he was detained be- me I would be freed. He led
cause the Cuban. Department me out the door of the inter-
of State 'Security became rogation room and patted me
suspicious of his lnforma- on the back.
tion-gathering activities, and ??I suspected that there
that he was eventually re- - was a regulation against
leased-after three months touching the prisoners, and
In solitary confinement-be- before I left I asked my in-
cause investigations turned terrogator about that,. and
up no evidence that he was he confirmed it," McDonald
la spy. said.
During his months In pris- Th worst aspect of his im-
'on, he said, "I had to be- prisonment, McDonald said,
lieve the truth would free.' was the fear that he would
.me- I really believed the not be released.
revolution would make a "My Interrogator told me
. fair judgment. I think I was that they knew I was a spy
-dealt with in a just way." and could prove it," McDon-
`dropped before his release, fessed, the revolution would
McDonald said, but he was make it easy for me. I would
deported and his notes were go to a penal farm, maybe
..::..a-Fea t,e,..,-e s- ,,, J'nr is ooare instead of 30
"the highlight of the week." imagined that it was the
Aside from the session of Sierra Nevada in Califor.
"close, hard questioning," nia," he said. -
life in prison was monoto- No Reading .or Talking
nous, McDonald said. I, He had no reading matter,
His day began at 5 a.m. and was not allowed to com-
when a light above the door municate with anyone on the
went on. Soon, guards outside. He kept track of
brought brooms,- mops and the passage-of days by mak-
disinfectant, and McDonald ing marks on the stucco wall
cleaned the floor of his 8- with a spoon.
by-10-foot cell. During the first three
There was a spigot with weeks of his detention, Mc-
drinking water in the cell, Donald said, he was "closely
a hole in the floor in a cor- questioned about my activ-
ner for use as A toilet and, ities in Cuba and past as-
In the ceiling above it, a sociations." For A he next
waterspout for showgrs. He 22 days he did not see his
slept on a "typical prison interrogator.
bunk' attached to the wall "I think that 22-day period
with chains. was critical," he said. "I
? think they were trying to
Prison Meals -
At 7 a.m. breakfast-two determine whether I was
rolls-was brought .to the telling the truth. I was
afraid that somehow they
prisoners. might make a mistake and'
The two other meals of decide I was guilty. But I
the day, served at 11 a.m. knew they didn't have any
and 5 p.m., were served in proof. They had all my
trays with three sections. notes. I had bidden' noth-
One section always con- ing."
tained rice prepared in dif- On the 50th day of his im-
ferent ways-"fried, boiled, prisonment, McDonald was
mixed with beans, cooked taken to is interrogator.
with batter." Another sec- "First he asked, as always,
third thin contained contained 'soup. either The how I was. Then he asked,
thi
?'
ng
you miss any
some- Do egg or fish dish or some- "I answered, 'the street,'
thing sweet, like rice pud- meaning freedom.
ding or fruit preserve.
"On the very best' days Asked.for Yogurt
we'd get a whole fried fish,' ' "He asked if there was
McDonald said. anything else. For some
,,It was pretty much what reason I thought of yogurt.
the average Cuban ate, al- "'With or without sugar?'
though not quite as good," he asked.
wia, ne nan vioiatea a oan years in p,iouu.
on "socio-political studies." McDonald spent the days From that day on twice a
'Typical Police' Move walking up and down his day I got a big jug of Yo
A State Department offi- "I knew it was typical Po- cell. He calculate that he gurt with that good, brown
.cial familiar with the cases lice procedure," McDonald walked 10 miles a day from cane sugar.
of Americans who have got- added. "He was frightening ' 5 am. to 5:30 p.m., when he From then on I felt they
'ten into trouble In Cuba the hell out of me to get me didn't think I was a spy. I
said he knew of no other to tell the truth." went to bed. was moved to a better cell
ease like McDonald's-that McDonald said the Inter- "My program was 12 hours
12 hours down," he said. with two beds pushed to-
is, of a person who entered 'rogator, a 26-year-old lieu- up, gether and a chair. A guard
'with a Cuban visa and who tenant, became very impor- While lying in bed, the gave me a book. The whole
later was arrested, tant to him - "he was prisoner watched the chang- tone of the questioning
The official said that nine responsible for my life." ing patterns of sun and shad- changed. He didn't call me
,U.S. citizens convicted of po- The Spanish-language inter- ow on a cement overhang
that blocked the view from
Elitical crimes, such as at- rogation sessions, which last the one window in his cell.. 002]e
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The charge of spying was ald said. "He said if I con-
STATINTL
 ii~Md STATINTL
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16 APR 1972
U.S. and Cuba:
Nixon
Cuban seizure of the Johnny Ex-
press, 100 miles from Cuban waters in
the Bahamas, involved the wounding
of the skipper, Capt. Jose Villa, a Cu-
ban exile and a naturalized American
citizen. The White House condemned
Secretary of State William P. Rogers
said as much In time-hallowed phrases
to the Foreign Ministers last week.
Cuba is still a "menace" to hemi-
sphere security; Cuba is still "export-
ing" revolution; Cuba is still "subvert-
ing" its neighbors; Cuba is still main-
taining "close and active" military
ties with the Soviet Union.
If Premier Castro changed his poli-
cies, Mr. Rogers told the meeting, the
United States would act to lift sanc-
tions-but only in concert with "all"
the O.A.S. members. His aim clearly
was to block individual Latin states
from re-establishing bilateral relations
with Cuba, as have Mexico, Chile and,
lately, Jamaica.
-BENJAMIN WELLES
Pursues
A Tough
Policy
WASHINGTON-"This is the police-
man-of-the-world concept," Represen-
tative Dante B. Fascell said last week.
"I don't know of any third countries
that have asked for our naval protec-
tion in the Caribbean."
Mr. Fascell, a Florida Democrat, is
chairman of the House Foreign Affairs
subcommittee on Latin America. What
he was referring to was a recent secret
order from President Nixon that the
United States Navy was to "interpose"
its ships, at the risk of fighting, be-
tween Cuban warships and merchant
vesae,s of friendly countries in danger
of being apprehended.
The new order, disclosed on Wednes-
day by The Wall Street Journal in a
dispatch from Puerto Rico, United
States naval headquarters in the Carib-
bean, stemmed from a shadowy inci-
dent last October when the Aquarius
II, a merchantman of Panamanian reg.
istry, took part in the shelling of the
Cuban coastal town of Sama. The ves-
sel, based in Miami, is owned by Jose
de la Torriente, a Cuban exile.
Cuba claimed that several civilians
had been wounded, and on its return
to Florida, the Aquarius II was
"seized" by United States authorities.
During the incident, Cuban jets had
photographed the Aquarius II. And in
December, Cuban gunboats went into
the Caribbean and forced back to Cuba
two more Panamanian-flag merchant-
men: the Lyla Express on Dec. 5 and
the Johnny Express on Dec. 15. Both
also were Miami-based vessels of Pana-
manian registry, owned this time by
four brothers named Babun, Cuban
exiles of Lebanese origin.
Whether Cuban authorities compared
the photographs and confused the
Aquarius II with the Express ships, or
whether they had proof, as they
claimed, that the Express ships had
landed and removed agents for the
Central Intelligence Agency, is un-
clear. The Babun brothers and the
State Department both denied C.I.A.
Involvement.
Cuba's "unconscionable" behavior.
The tension continued to mount.
Cuba said she would have no com-
punction about attacking vessels under
"any flag or camouflage" working for
the C.I.A. and carrying out "counter
revolutionary" activities in Cuban wa-
ters. The State Department announced
that henceforth the Nixon Administra-
tion would take "all measures under
international law" to protect not only
American but other ships in the Carib-
bean from Cuban interference. Since
then there have been no further Cuban
seizures.
Congress has now begun to demand
more information. Apparently the new
Nixon rules permit a United States
Navy skipper to risk a fight with a
Cuban warship menacing a "friendly"
merchantman if the skipper has "no
knowledge" that the merchantman has
been involved in C.I.A.-type activities
around Cuba, or if he believes there
are American citizens aboard. He
must "take the word" of the merchant
captain-even though the latter may
turn out to be a Cuban exile or other
national anxious to involve the United
States in a gunfight with Premier Fidel
Castro's regime.
If, however, a Soviet warship hoves
in sight ready to aid its Cuban ally,
the' American skipper must radio At-
lantic Fleet headquarters in Norfolk,
Va.. and await instructions.
The new Nixon rules of engage.
ment. issued without consultation with
Congress, seemed to leave many
things unclear except for their ob-
vious political impact. '
The Foreign Ministers of the Organ-
ization of American States met here
last week and the United States plainly
was daunting Premier Castro and his
sympathizers and heartening its own
hemisphere supporters. The Admin-
istration was obviously tolerating no
"nonsense" from Cuba, 90 miles from
Florida geographically but, this being
an election year, much closer politi-
cally. President Nixon's aggressiveness
was presumably not being lost on the
600,000 anti-Castro Cuban exiles living
in the United States, of whom nearly
100,000 have become voters.
Representative Fascell, whose con-
stituency includes many Cuban exiles,
said that "this is the sort of issue we
should be taking up here with the
O.A.S. Foreign Ministers." But there
seemed little likelihood the Adminis-
tration would show anything but hos-
tility toward Cuba-at least until after
the November elections.
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 NEW XORK LIMES
Approved For Releay62RPO/934: CIA-RDP8
American Is Home ,
After Being Jailed
In Cuba as a Spy
A freelance journalist who
went to Cuba last year under
the auspices of the Institute of
Current World Affairs has re-
turned to New York after being
held in solitary confinement for
92 days as a suspected spy.
On Christmas Day, after hav-
ing spent seven months in Cuba
lecturing at the University of
Havana and gathering notes for
a book, the journalist, Frank
McDonald, was arrested and
charged with being an agent
for the Central Intelligence
Agency.
He spent the next three
months in solitary confinement,
broken up only by what he
called several sessions of "close
questioning." He was not mis-
treated, he says, although he
lost about 30 pounds. .
"I was put through a pretty
intensive investigation, and
when it was finished they knew
pretty much all about me," he
said.
Still, the guards and authori-
ties "were not antagonistic-.
toward me and it was probably
better than some of the prisons
we have here," he said.
Mr. McDonald, 30 years old,
has been a fellow of the insti-
tute, at 535 Fifth Avenue, for
four years specializing in the
Caribbean. During that time he
has written a number of arti-
cles on the Caribbean; has con-
tributed to the institute a news-
letter on the area, and has co-
author of a book.
In 1970, at the invitation of
the University of Havana, he
spent two months in Cuba,
and had no trouble with the,
authorities.
"This time, I guess they
were worried about the notes
I was taking," he said. "I in-
terviewed some officials and a
lot of people I met."
After he was released from
jail he was flown to Spain. He
then went to London for a
week before returning here on
STATINTL
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 DAILY E_. STATINTL
Approved For Release 2001104 : CIA-RDP80-01
1 5 APR 1972
Programming war on Cuba
The Nixon administration issued secret orders to the
U.S. Navy in February to protect Central Intelligence
Agency privateers raiding Cuba. If necessary, the Navy
was to provoke an armed attack on Cuban vessels protect-
ing the socialist island from invasion.
That is the essence of the revelations published by the
Wall Street Journal on Thursday and by the New York
Times yesterday.
The revelations disclose that orders went from the
White House to Defense Secretary Melvin-Laird to the
Joint Chiefs of Staff to Admiral Charles Duncan, Norfolk,
Va., to the Caribbean commands of the U.S. Navy. The
plans call for joint naval and air action in support of
counter-revolutionary vessels flying third country flags.
These orders were issued following the seizure of the
Lyla Express on Dec 5, and the Johnny Express after an
armed clash on Dec. 15. Both ships, operating under Pan-
amanian- registry out of Miami, have been conducting
armed reconnaisance for the Central Intelligence Agency.
The "Special Rules of Engagement for the Caribbean,"
spell out the steps to be undertaken to provoke an armed
clash.
The U.S. commanders are ordered to "interpose"
their ships between the Cuban government vessels and the
CIA pirate craft flying third country flags. U.S. Air Force
jets are to threaten the Cuban vessels.
The U.S. vessels would then attack in the name of
"self-defense." As revealed by the Wall Street Journal.
they would "continue interposing until further Cuban ag-
gression creates a situation of self-defense for U.S. forces."
The programming of armed U.S. attack on Cuban ves-
sels has been undertaken without even the excuse of a re-
quest from any third country, Rep. Dante Fascell, con-
servative chairman of the House Foreign Affairs subcom-
mittee on Latin America. has revealed. "I, know of no
pending request for such protection by any third country."
he said.
U.S. warlike actions would be taken on the grounds
that there was an American on board the third country
vessel; but in.the -absence of any proof, the U.S. com-
mander would take the word of the captain of the CIA
pirate ship that there was an American on board and in
danger.
The "Special Rules of Engagement for the Caribbean"
provide, in short, for acts of war by U.S. forces without
even seeking congressional approval.
- The secret plans for attack point to the urgency of
compelling the Nixon administration to recognize Cuba. to
end the blockade and to open full trade and cultural rela-
tions. Meanwhile: Hands off Cuba and Cuban ships!
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 STATINTL
Approved For WWRK 15 Apr@~$TR p~80-
A ! The Nixon AdministratioW"'ag- the context of the oral briefings which are also
the Kennedy and Johnson
1)~fAS Administrations before it, is
actually helping Fidel Castro
and his henchmen perpetuate the Communist rule
in Cuba-even while, on the other hand, spending
billions of dollars, mainly through the C.I.A., on
activities purportedly aimed at undermining Cas-
tro's power and inducing the Cuban people to
turn on him and overthrow him.
It all happens as Washington pursues simul-
taneously two policies that in practice cancel each
other out:
i -Roll back Communist inroads in the Western
Hemisphere;
-"Stabilize" the situation elsewhere by helping
the Soviet Government maintain its grip both on
the Russian people and on the countries of Eastern
and Central Europe gobbled up by Stalin or other-
wise occupied by the Red Army.
. This second policy involves helping the Soviets
control their personnel abroad-including in Ger-
many,.in Egypt and in Cuba.
Nixon Administration spokesmen have striven
to create the impression that the case of Sirrias
Kudirka, the Lithuanian radio operator who was
delivered by the U.S. Coast Guard to the Soviets,
after a merciless beating, when he leaped for
freedom from the' Soviet trawler where he was
employed on the deck of a U.S. vessel, was a
unique,.unfortunate case of this sort, due to "bad
judgment" on the part of some officers.
Actually, however, there have been more than
a hundred similar cases under the Kennedy, John-
son and Nixon Administrations, WO has learned
from an unimpeachable source. And the only
really unique thing about the case of Simas Ku-
dirka is that the U.S. Government was not able
to keep it secret from the public.
Most of those other "Kudirka" cases have oc-
curred, and are still occurring, in the waters
around Cuba. There, Coast Guard and CIA units
of every type are largely concerned with the
mission to induce and assist defections from Fidel
Castro-but not from the Soviet forces, some 20,000
in number, which ' are helping Castro keep his
grip on the lush Caribbean island.
Officially, in confidential guidelines which the
Nixon Administration still strives to keep secret
from the American people-even though they are
not secret to the Soviets who have been called to
assist in their framing-the Coast Guard officers
and the CIA operatives are told merely "not to
encourage" defections of members of the Soviet
personnel abroad, especially of military and naval
personnel. In practice, however, and especially in
given to key U.S. personnel, this .means that the
U.S. Forces and the other agents of the U.S. Gov-
ernment must see to it that no such defections do
occur, and to use "positive persuasion"-of the kind
that was meted out to Kudirka, if needs be-to
that no attempted defection of this sort does
succeed.
This is how the Nixon Administration, following
the Kennedy-Johnson pattern down to the letter,
winds up helping the. Soviets help Castro keep
Cuba in subjection to Communist rule.
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: CIA-RDP80-01601 R000500030001-6
 Approved For Relealez200' 3/04: CIA-RDP80-01601 R00@-$AQQlqQ1.01-6
6 APR 1972
Bombing work of CIA, Fidel says
HAVANA-Cuban Premier Fidel Castro charged yesterday that
the bombing of the Cuban Trade Commission in Montreal early on
Tuesday morning was the work of the U.S. Central Intelligence Agen-
cy. Fidel also accused the Montreal police of "brutal, fascist meth-
ods" and said the police had beaten up Cuban personnel who surviv-
ed the bomb blast, in which one Cuban security guard was killed and
seven wounded.
Fidel spoke at the close of the Second Congress of the Young
Communist League of Cuba. His speech was repeatedly interrupted
by roars of approval from the YCL delegates. Ile said: "We have
shown a great deal of patience in one day: first the bombing attack
and on top of that, aggression by the police. After the bombing, the
police used brutal, fascist-methods." Fidel said the Montreal police
used axes to smash their way into the Cuban offices, violated the
Cuban personnel's diplomatic immunity by arresting them, and charg-
ed that "our comrades were beaten by the Canadian police at the po-
lice station."
The Cuban Premier said: "We have received reports on these se-
rious and disgraceful events." He stressed that Canadian diplomatic
personnel in Cuba were guaranteed safety by the Cuban people and
government, and that Cuba "knows how to respect international laws
and agreements."
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 STATINTL
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CONNELLSVILLE, PA.
COURIE
'EB 16 197Z
E - 14,113
on Cuba
ye
U.S. Warns Anti-Castro Exiles
By THEODORE A. EDIGER
Copley News Service,
MIAMI - Plotting against
Cuban Premier Fidel Castro is
1 going underground in Miami,
the Cuban exile capital which
has been a caldron of revolu-
t bnary intrigue.
-The U. S; governilehl- is
cracking down. The Sate De-
partment's Cuban affairs office
in Miami warned anti-Castro
militants that plotters might be
prosecuted for conspiracy to
violate the U.S. neutrality act.
The . warning came two -
months, after two Miami-based,
exile-operated freighters,
legitimately plying the Carib-
bean, at least at the time, were
?caotured by Cuban gunboats in
international waters. Cuban die-
t tatar Castro claimed the vessels
were in the service of the U.S.
F Central intelligence A?ency.
What triggered Castro' s
piracy was, an exile hit-and-run
f raid on Boca de Sama, a north-
east Cuban coast village, last
October. Such -forays against
Cuba used to be ccmmonplace,
but that was the only one made,
so far as known, during all
of 1971.
Miamian Jose de la Torriente
announced that commandos of
an anti-Castro orga-'ization he
heads made the attack. He
!,claimed casualties i n f i i c# e d
were ' greater than acknowl-
edged by Cuba. Havana radio
said two were killed and four
wounded. It demanded that
something be done about Tor-
riente.
Torriente said his expedition
left from outside U.S. territory.
Such disclaimers have been
used for years by exile raiders
seeking to evade the neutrality
law. Many would hatch their
plot in Miami, then proceed
to some Caribh?an islet to
launch their attack.
The official Cuban radio,
L spouting tirades after the Boca
de Sama affair, called Torriente
a CIA agent.
A State Department official that piddling exile action can't
then summoned heads of some topple Castro; but could damage
of the dwindling anti-Castro . U.S. diplomacy.
groups-t'iere used to be Exiles feel the United States
hundreds-and literally l a i d should not interfere with their :
dawn the law. ..'.own anti-Castro efforts. They
"It has come' to my attention
that certain Cuban exile groups
pretend to have the support
of the U.S. government in their
projected actions against the
Cuban resime . . . I deny
categorically, that this is true.",
The spokesman reminded the
exiles about -the neutrality law
and said. it will be 'enforced
to the hilt. %
He said that even .if ?a third
country is * used as a launching
base for attack on Red China,
exiles face prosecution if plans
for the mission were made in
the United States.
The spokesman recalled a
similar warning issued-in 1970.
After that order, exile ex,)edi-
tions into Cuba fell off appre-
ciably. So did refugee contribu-
tions to .activist organizations.
Same of the newly summoned.
militant leaders said privately
they would continue anti-Castro
activity clandestinely.
Comment from Torriente,
whose "Torriente Plan" to
overthrow Castro has been
shrouded in secrecy from the
start, was not forthcoming.
A ship named Aquarius, said
to have been used in the Boca
de Sama foray, was seized by
U.S. authorities after Castro's'
navy shanghaied the two
freighters, similar to it in
appearance.
Among those summoned on
the State D,uart.ment carpet
was Andres Nazario, head of
the militant Alpha 66 group,
which repeatedly has infiltrated
guerrillas into Cuba only to
recall that President John F.
Kennedy, who had the CIA train
them for the Bay of Figs, then
dropped support of their inva-
sion, promised veterans of that
fracas in 1962 that their battle
flag "will be restored to you
in free Havana."
Yet U.S. authorities have
stopped more than 50 exile
raiding parties since 1963, con-
fiscating arms and boats. There
used to be a plotting den on
nearly every corner of West
>Flagler Street in Miami. Occa-
sionally police would find an
anti-Castro arsenal. In the
nearby Everglades, guerrilla
training proceeded daily.
Some anti-Castro organiza-
tions still remain, but offices
-Of most have closed. One group,
Realist Nationalism, continues
weekly training for exiles at
its Flagler Street headquarters.
Most of the once numerous full- ?
time anti-Castro leaders in
Miami have found. jobs ranging
from selling used cars to
running fruit stands.
Although Castro claims -re-
peatedly that the United States
permits exiles to war against
him with impunity, this is not
quite true.
Two are serving time in
federal prison.
Rolando Masferrer, known as
"the Tiger" in pre-Castro Cuba,
is completing a four-year term.
He tried to lead a ragtag army
from the Florida Kevs to Haiti
to overthrow the late dictator
Francois Duvalier. Haiti was
to have been a springboard for
a Cuba invasion.
have them wiped out. Nazario Orlando Bosch, one of the
sighed: "They told me that even . most militant exiles of all, Is
if we think anti-Castro thoughts, serving 10 years for firing a
we might be violating the neu- bazooka at a Polish ship in
trality law." , Miami harbor. He was waging
The government position Is war against shipping to Cuba.
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 NATIONAL GUARDIAN
Approved For Release 20 01100$4 ,04IA-RDP80-016
STATINTL
By Renee Blakkan
Guardian staff correspondent
Last of two artides
Havana, Cuba
.who had not gone to college must go. "Imperialism has not lost its
This includes Juventud Rebelde's aggressive nature," be pointed out,
several reporters in each of the six noting the continual attacks against
provinces. Every Saturday all must fly Cuba by mercenaries, the October
to Havana to attend classes at the crisis and the Bay of Pigs invasion.
university from 1 to 7 p.m. along with "The CIA continues its plots; knows we
other Havana-based- reporters who are for a revolution in all of Latin
must also complete a four-year course. America and is always looking for
Round-trip fare and meals are paid by ways to attack Cuba. That is why we do
the paper (which is financed by the not criticize the revolution in the
state). papers."
Guerra emphasized the Cuban press
Outdated equipment . .is an instrument of the dictatorship of
Major technical problems of the the'l roletariat, is anti-imperialist and
Cuban papers are a- lack of paper "especially anti-Yankee." Cuba's
(Granma and Juventud Rebelde print a press. he said, systematically and
combined total of 700.000 issues a day, deliberately denounces "all that is
not enough for a population of 8,500,000) rotten in the U
" and covers
S
.
.
- 'and the daily battle to keep the out- movements of radicals including
. A month-long conference between 22
U.S. radical reporters and Cuban
journalists concluded here recently on
a note of mutual cooperation.
The meeting was sponsored by
.Juventud Rebelde (Rebel Youth),
organ of the Cuban Communist Youth
(UJC) and the country's national af-
ternoon paper.
On a practical level, the U.S.
reporters recognized the importance of
sending their papers regularly and
quickly to Cuba (where Time, Life and
Newsweek nearly always arrive on
schedule) and the Cubans agreed to
send their papers and magazines to
.radical papers in the U.S.
The Americans also learned, from
touring and discussions in different
parts of the country, of Cuba's militant
anti-imperialist stand: its dedication to
revolution in all of Latin America; its
concern about the lack of unity in the
U.S. movement; its tremendous
struggle against cultural and economic
underdevelopment.
The Americans also studied the
Cuban press and the role of a
revolutionary press in power.
The major task of the Cuban papers
today, said Vergara, sub-director of
Juventud Rebelde, is to raise the
cultural level of the reporters. Many
skilled journalists left Cuba after the
revolution and many others who stayed
could not identify with the revolution.
Therefore comrades who represented
the people and who supported the
revolution, but whose cultural level
was not necessarily very high, had to
take on the task of reporting.
In the last three years the two
dated, American typewriters and especially oppressed minorities in the
linotypes in working order. "It is war," U.S,
said Vergara, to continue functioning The Americans met several times
on' American equipment for which no ? toward the end of the trip to draw up a
spare parts have been available for the statement on the importance of the
last 13 years. Supplementing the two conference. On a 16th-floor suite of a
national papers are a daily paper for hotel overlooking the Malecon highway
each province, many regional papers in Havana where Fidel, Che and
and many technical periodicals and Camilo first entered the city in
magazines - for different mass January 1959, the underground
organizations. journalists declared their press must
Distribution is another problem, also become "a press of combat," a "press
made more difficult by the U.S. of truth" and a force for unity. In a
blockade. Spare parts are not available statement to be sent to radical jour-
and must be invented often for trucks nalists around the U.S.. the 22
which carry the papers every day into Americans -urges: "We believe it is
rural and other areas. Planes, horses, possible and necessary for us to agree
mules, motorcycles and people also on one central task: building an anti-
help in delivery. Supplementing the imperialist consciousness. We call to
papers are a radio station that carries everyone in the radical and un-
only news and music stations that derground press and to all
broadcast bulletins every half hour. revolutionary. journalists to join with us
There are also sound systems in fac- in a renewed and deepened offensive
tories through which the entire papers against the common enemy."
are read to workers on a regular basis Radical journalists must fight
as they work. military, economic and cultural im-
Cuba's main problem with respect to perialism around the world including
the news is not getting the people to within the U.S., the statement said. "It
read, said Vergara.- It is producing must combat cultural chauvinism,
enough for them to read.. The bulk of unconscious racism and . general
the country's paper is imported from arrogance that has been pumped into
China. North Americans. ? That arrogance,"
The Cuban press. explained Angel the statement went on. "often takes the
Guerra, director of Bohemia, is still a form of failure to understand the in-
"combat press," at war with im- credibly difficult struggle against
perialism "even though no bombs are underdevelopment."
dropping." Since the triumph of the The statement emphasized the need
revolution, he said, the Cuban press to recognize the right of "all our
has had to follow all the rules of papers peoples" to. self-determination. "A
representing countries at war. This combat press knows the struggle is
means, he said, that the Cuban press international," it said.
does not criticize the revolution. Blasting "se-called 'objective
Channels for this are the trade unions, re
' 1. a
ti
"b "
i
h
por
ng
s a
ourgeo
s myt
,
national had made enough
Papers the mass organizations and the party. the statement called for reportage'
eportage that
progress to be able to require that all To criticize the revolution in the press is "
objective but not impartial," for a
reporters who lacked a high school would be to give a handle to the
education raise themselves to that enemi o t out a sa d
level by takinggpprced Thort lease ~0 /0 'f0 Gi '-RDP86-01601 R00050GO 9' 1-6
 STATINTL
Approved For Releaset? 1JJ3 9 -RDP80-016
12 JAN 1972
LATEV AMERICA
/_^",~/ CUBA
I Nearly all mass organizations in Cuba have
issued statements condemning U.S. threats
against Cuba after the Cuban navy captured the
"-Johnny Express" and accused its owner, Jose,/
Villa, of engaging in counterrevolutionary ac-
tivities. Villa later confessed to being a CIA
agent. A statement by the Cuban Central Union
of Workers said: "The Cuban working class will
never be cowed by the Nixon government's
threats and pressures of blackmail. In the face of
the danger of aggression, we are ready to crush
it." The Cuban Communist Youth Organization
said: 'We firmly support the lofty principle of
not giving any guarantee to the pirate ships of the
maggots who have opened fire against and
wounded our people."....Former Sen. Eugene
McCarthy (D-Minn.), considered to be a presi-
dential candidate, last week said the U.S. should
re-open ties with Cuba. (The U.S. broke relations
with Cuba in 1961, less than two years after the
completion of the revolution.) Said McCarthy:
"It seems to me that no good has been served by
our pretending that Cuba isn't there, at least for
the past five years."....Cuban President Osvaldo
Dorticos left the Soviet Union last week after
talks on trade agreements between Cuba and the
U.S.S.R. through 1975.
Renee Blakkan
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 STATINTL
DAILY MLD
Approved For Release 2p0yR3i1 : CIA-RDP8O-016
By Joseph North
Only fools, the saying goes, make the of them teenage children. One of them
same mistake twice. One may re- had to have her leg amputated to survive.
gard President Nixon as many things, This is the pattern. There is never a
knave perhaps, but fool? Yet he is about peep out of our State Department. But
to repeat an error, considering some kind when the Cubans defend themselves by
of a major foray against Cuba. He has not getting two of the ships that lower the
learned the lesson his predecessor John motorboats into action, we suddenly hear
F. Kennedy did a decade ago when he the cries of a shocked anguish out of Fog-
said he wished he had never heard of the gy Bottom. "Freedom of the seas,"
Central Intelligence Agency and hoped "international law" are the stock phrases
it would be shattered into a thousand the State Department's Robert McClos-
pieces. That was in the immediate after- kev uttered as he told the world the U.S.
math of the abortive Bay of Pigs, the military is "prepared to take all meas-
invasion of Cuba by the CIA. ures"... .
The military alert Nixon called after Raul Castro characteristically kept
the Cuban Navy captured the piratical his Cuban cool when he replied: Cuba, he
"Johnny Express" is still on as we go to told his armies, had taken "necessary and
press. That command has put all Latin just measures, when it impounded the
h 'tted
mi
America on the political alert, not to
speak of the democratic forces in every
part of the globe. Gus Hall, general sec-
retary of the Communist Party USA, calls
the alert a cover under which further mil-
itary atrocities against Cuba are being
planned. He said it gave the green light
to thousands of trigger happy captains of
US naval craft and war planes operating
in the Caribbean. He called for protests
throughout the land.
The alert caused Major Raul Castro
to address his armed forces, but instead
two pirate snips whic com
atrocities under the pretense of being
peaceful merchant ships.
The Cubans have not been silent about
the reason President Nixon put a fatherly
arm around the wife of the captured
"Johnny Express" captain, Jose Villa.
The Chief 'Executive of the USA had in-
vited the pirate's wife to the White House
and, posing for the cameras, "vowed" to
free Villa.
Lest anybody mistake this posture as
Ecuador on his way home where ne was
feted by the authorities and cheered by
the people.
Little wonder the New York Times of
November 10 gloomily observed that "an
era had ended," that Castro's tour of
Chile had broken the cordon of isolation
the United States had tried to set up
around Cuba.
Salt was poured on the State Depart-.
ment-Pentagon wounds when Peru and
Ecuador feted the Cuban statesman. Add'
to that the epoch changing votes in the
Organization of American States and we
see the reason for Washington's jumpy
policies.
The warm bond of friendship between
Chile and Cuba has chilled the sensitive
nervous system of. the CIA. Fidel's en-
dorsement of the direction the Allende
government is taking was a blow to the
design of the CIA-Pentagon conspirators
to heighten antagonisms within Chile and
other Latin lands.
Reaction and ultra-left adventurers in
Chile, seeking to embarrass government
policy by taking extreme measures in
the countryside and elsewhere got a body
blow. A proper tempo and a unifying tac-
tic is needed to buttress the power of the
of, indicating consternation, the Cuban should examine what has been happening bonds of friendship with the Chilean coali-
leader expressed "serene" confidence. in the Latin American countries in re- tion government strengthens the latter
"Everything has been done to meet any cent months. - especially. in the eyes of the youth of
contingency" he told the Army of the Events there are the reason Nixon is the hemisphere, Chile's first of all.
Province of Havana, a military subdivi- moving this way, for not since the revolu- Washington is well aware of all this
Sion set up to prepare for just such con-` tion in 1959 has there been such a hemis- and has moved to take every measure its
tingencies. The comandante congratu- pheric groundswell for the resumption of imperialistic think tanks bring up to stem
lated the armed forces for their mastery peaceful relations with Cuba. This has the pro-Cuba, pro-Chile tide. Washington
of all the weaponry of defense. been expressed one way or another by was also given a bad case of jitters by
A word about the "Johnny Express" virtually every country except the two developments in the recent Uruguayan
and its sister ship, "Lyla Express," cap- howling dictatorships of Paraguay and elections where a political tactic similar
tured a week earlier. Both have been Brazil. to Chile's was adopted and resulted in
."mother ships" of the armed speedboats At the last meeting of the Organiza- large popular gains at the polls.
which carry out murder-raids on small tion of American States in December we The peoples of many Latin American
coastal villages. saw this movement at its apex. The countries are considering the same strat-
Such raids have been going on for a Peruvian Government officially entered egies as Uruguay. Any wonder Nixon is
dozen years, with relatively little atten- a resolution asking the OAS to end the convulsively reaching for the panic button'
tion in the U.S. press. Braintrusted by the dip'_omatic blockade imposed against So he sounded an alert against Cuba.
CIA desperadoes, recruited from the Cuba in 1964. And more big gray warships begin to
counter-revolutionary refugees in Miami, The way things are going can be seen roam the Caribbean waters. And more
the raiders swoop down in the dark of when the representative of tiny El Sal- bombers fly overhead.
night and indiscriminately pepper towns vador favored the anti-U.S. resolution, And gusanos, the counter-revolution-
with machine-gun bullets. Then they arguing that isolation of Cuba has brought aries, march shouting "guerra, guerra"
speed away, hoping to make it over the no results. - `"war-war" through the streets of Miami.
horizon before the Cuban Coast Guard Anybody following events in South And the strong-arm men among them
gets after them. America can see how true that is. Fidel sign,up for the terror raids. And counter-
. A month ago a raid on Boca de Sama Castro's triumphal tour of Chile showed revolutionary killers like Rolando Mas-
in Oriente, a fishing town of 90 souls, how archaic U.S. isolationist policy is. ferrer talk of "coming back" on other
took the lives o~jQ ~j 'ii a "F~1 ~f4~0' (3 1 AP 'dfWT b0500030001-6
and Lfravely wounded our cwilians,' t1aT~ ans Castro stooved g eru an
o ollt in'106
 STATINTL
Approved For Released 1???M4 : CIA-RDP80- -6
6 JAN 1972
`Anti-communism'-poison!
Senator J.W. Fulbright's statement that President
Truman's anti-communist doctrine has polluted our na-
tional foreign policy since World War II is of great signifi-
cance.
It. was confirmed in the Pentagon Papers which
showed how anti-communism was used to cover military
aggression against the peoples of Indochina.,
. The doctrine of "anti-communism" has been the bat-
tle cry of the cold war, the call to arms for eventual war
against the socialist Soviet Union, the justification for the
NATO war-alliance, the cloak for military aggression,
putschism, support of militarist regimes, and for espio-
nage in Asia, Africa, and Latin America.
Within weeks it has been simultaneously the demagog-
ic cover for CIA-instigated forays against Cuba, and for
ordering a U.S. war-flotilla into the Bay of Bengal.
On the home front anti-communism was pressed by
McCarthyism toward its fascistic implications.
? At home and abroad it has been used by monopoly cap-
ital to drug the American people, while imperialism moved
to dominate the world, and to destroy the democratic in-
stitutions of our nation.
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 STATINTL
DAILY 1?01-Y
Approved For Release 001 03/ 4 : CIA-RDP80-0
JA 1972
NEW YORK, Jana 3 - A political storm is raging throughout Latin America over
the fact that the U.S. Government is maintaining a military alert against Cuba despite
incontrovertible proof that the Nixon regime is dead wrong on the question of the two
ships Premier Castro's Navy impounded two weeks ago.
The Panamnaian Government, piractical action and was the bors. needless to say not a single
whose flags the ships were flying, vessel responsible for the deaths word of this drama is being
admitted publicly this weekend of two Cuban militamen and grave missed by members of the Organ-
that the vessels in question were injury to two children last month. ization of American States, which
guilty of acting as "mother ships" One child had to suffer amputa- voted only a fortnight ago on the
that released armed speedboats to tion of a leg. question of hemispheric recogni-
shoot up towns on the Cuban coast. The Panamanian Cabinet was tion of Cuba. The ballots showed
The Cubans had adopted protec- convened this weekend ? to dis- that more OAS members than
tive measures by taking the ships cuss what action to take to get ever in its history wanted re-
in tow. President Nixon thereupon the ships returned. According to sumption of normal relations with
personally took the perilous action the UPI, action was postponed the first socialist country in this
of declaring a'inilitary alert, call- until the inquiry regarding the hemisphere. -
ing on the U.S. Navy and airforce Aquarius is completed. This is what is eating Nixon. -
to open up on Cuban craft when- Piratical alert continues
ever they deem it necessary. It Meanwhile the piratical Nixon.
gave any trigger-happy military military alert continues ' with.'
man the greenlight to provoke an more warships, and warplanes
incident with the gravest interna- than ever in Cuban environs.
tional percussions. , Nixon was asked an embar-
This gunboat diplomacy roused rasing question when he appeared
instant anger in Latin countries before the nation in a CBS inter-
that have themselves suffered view last night. His interrogator,
from such. high-handed acts of Dan Rather, asked why it was
piracy. The script is familiar, but "necessary" to establish a
1971 is not 1871. "diplomatic dialog with Com-
Panama sends commission munist China and continue to ig-
The Panamanian Government nore a Communistcountry in our
was invited by Cuba to send an of- own back yard, Cuba."
ficial commission to Havana to Nixon had the gall to respond
see for itself. It did, and the com- that "Cuba is engaged in a con-
mission of three returned to Pan- stant program of belligerence to-
ward the U.S. and also toward its
ama last weekend. Jorge Illuega, neighbors in the inner-American
its head, told a press conference community."
in the Foreign Office that the This despite the fact that these
Cuban charges were found to be anti-Cuban murder raids are j
correct. A member of the com- known to be organized by the CIA.
mission, Carlos Gonzalez de la In this latest instance, Jose Villa,
Lastra, of Panama's Merchant the captured captain of the Johnny
Marine ministry, told newsmen a Express, confessed that he was
scrutiny of the ships logs - the working for the CIA- since 1964.
"Johnny Express' and the "Layla Villa, Cuban-born, who abandoned
Express" - showed that they Cuba in early 1954, told a brother
engaged in the actions on Oct. 22, of his, a militiaman and long-time
1968, Nov. 18, 1968, and May 2 revolutionist, Castro said, that he
1969. had been recruited by a Mr.
The Cuban government, the Smith of the CIA when he arrived
Panamanians said, agreed to re- in Miami.
lease the two ships- after certain The Panamanian commission
additional acts were ascertained. `of .inquiry itself confirmed that
The Cubans charged that a third the confession had been made.
ship of Panamanian register, the As to Nixon's charge of Cuban
Aquarius, was 6PV - - FOr Re e2eeeeW4dG3/O4noiCIA-RDP80-01601 R000500030001-6
 STATINTL
Approved For Release 20Q f 3(4i CIA-RDP80-01601
3 1 DEC 1971
Cuba releases 26 spy-ship crewmen
PANAMA CITY. Panama - Twenty-six of the crewmen of the spy
ships Lyla Express and Johnny Express were released by the Cuban
Government and flown to Panama on Tuesday night aboard at Panam-
anian Air Force plane. The captain of the Johnny Express. Jose Villa
Diaz. a Cuban gusano and admitted agent of the U.S. Central Intelli-
gence Agency. is being held in Havana for trial before a Cuban revolu-
tionary court.
Court Premier Fidel Castro earlier had offered to release any of
the ordinary. non-CIA-type seamen found on board the two spy ships.
which were registered as vessels in Panama but" owned by Bahama
Lines of Miami. Florida. Castro invited a Panamanian delegation to
Havana to arrange for the men's release.
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 DAILY V'O? L-D
Approved For Relea"2l/cb/b4 : CIA-RDP80
',STATI NTL
?r, ccn4 or
By JOSEPH NORTH
NEW YORK. Dec. 27-The captain of the pirate ship the "Johnny Express" cap
tured by the Cuban Navy Dec. 15, has confessed that he has been in the service of
the CIA since 1954, Prime Minister Fidel Castro informed his nation at the weekend
via television.
The impounding of this ship had
led to President Nixon's declara-
tion of a military alert against
Cuba, an act giving the go-ahead
signal to trigger-happy captains
of U.S. naval and air war craft
circling the socialist island.
The confession was made in
Havana after the captured cap-
tain, a former Cuban citizen, had
extensive talks with his own bro-
ther, "a revolutionary and mem-
ber of the Cuban militia," Cas-
tro said.
Castro read sections of the con-
fession over the air.
Villa's admission
Villa, 55, in his own words ad-
mitted he fled Cuba in 1350 for
Miami, where he was recruited
by a "Mr. Jones" to become an
agent of the CIA. He was assign-
ed to the captaincy of the Johnny
Express, which with its sister
ship, the Layla Express, both
under the Panama flag, served
as "mother ships" that carried
the armed speedboats raiding the
Cuban coastline and shooting up
peaceful hamlets and towns in
the dead of night. The speed-
boats carry heavy '.calibre ma-
chine guns.
This has been going on since
the Cuban revolution of 1959. The
the Cuban revolution of 1959.
U.S. State Department is mum
about these atrocities, but as
soon as the Cubans defend them-
selves, outraged cries come from
Washington in this instance lead-
ing to the declaration of a mili-
tary alarm against the neighbor-
ing land.
Both "mother ships" are own-
ed by Cuban counter-revolutionists
living in Miami who formed a
shipping company under the name
of Babun Brothers.
Landed secret agents
Villa also confessed that both
ships disembarked secret agents
in the dead of night on the Cu-
ban coastline.
Villa was born in Cuba and has
allegedly adopted U.S. citizen-
ship. He is the only one of the
captured 28 members of both
crews to claim U.S. papers.
Washington has demanded the
return of Villa: the Cuban govern-
ment has refused.
Castro announced Villa will be
tried under Cuban law, as will
all members of the both crews.
Those found innocent of espio-
nage will be repatriated, the
United Press International quot-
ed Castro as saying.
Many Americans became ac-
quainted with this episode through
a front page photograph in the
New York Times and other papers
showing Nixon with a consoling
arm around the wife of the cap-
tured captain of the Johnny Ex-
press. Nixon had invited the wife
to his Florida quarters while he
was vacationing there, and he
vowed that he would get her hus-
band back.
The entire episode, observers
point out, follows on the heels
of a votein the Organization of
American States showing a ground-
swell for hemispheric diplomatic
recognition of Cuba. It also fol-
lows the triumphal tour of Cas-
tro in Chile, Ecuador and Peru,
breaking the cordon of isolation
the U.S. tried to erect around
the first socialist country in the
western hemisphere.
"The end of an era," the New
York Times said disconsolately,
Nov. 10.
Meanwhile the dangerous alert
is still in effect. Gus flail, gene-
ral secretary of The Communist
Party, has urged nationwide de-
monstrations of protest.
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 STATINTL
Approved For Release 4ftWftffi&bClA-RDP80-01
26 DEc. 1971
eliable Sources ' I
Link Jose Villa
,
CIA During '60s
CIA STANDS FOR WHAT? How about "Castro
Is Accurate," or at least partly so? Fidel claimed that
Jose Villa, captain of the freighter seized by a Cuban
gunboat Dec. 15, confessed to being a U.S. Central In-
telligence agent. Neither the CIA nor the captain's
boss of record would comment, but highly reliable
sources say Villa was intermittently linked with the
CIA from 1960 to 1964 and again from 1965 to early
1967, but has had no CIA connections since then.
Castro 's- detailed recitations of exile raids on
Cuba seem to give considerable weight to the state-
ments of one of his defected diplomats, Orlando Cas-
tro Hidalgo. In a just-published book, he discloses the
systematic infiltration of Fideli'sta agents into Latin
Villa
Goldberg
America, Africa and the United States - particularly
into Miami-based exile organizations, which could ex-
plain why so many forays from Florida to Cuba have
been thwarted across the straits. Those who believe
Fidel is telling the truth about CIA support for these
raids point to the quiet downgrading of charges every
time an above-board law enforcement agency catches
an exile boat carrying an arsenal.
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 HEW YORK TIM45
Approved For Release jff e03 } : CIA-RDP80-016
One-upmanship
It seemed like a dangerous game of
diplomatic one-upmanship, and Fidel
Castro went one up last week.
Eleven days ago, a Cuban gunboat
120 miles off the Cuban coast seized
the freighter Johnny Express, skip-
pered by Jose Villa, a Cuban-born nat-
uralized American citizen. The Cubans
claimed that the vessel, which flies th,3
:Panamanian flag but is owned by
Cuban exiles who live in Miami, was
fronting for the Central Intelligence
Agency.
President Nixon promised Mr. Vil-
la's wife that he would do all in his
power to have her husband released.
And the State Department issued a
statement that "the Government is pre-
pared to take all measures under inter.
national' law to protect U.S. citizens
and the freedom of the seas."
But last week Premier Castro, in a
television and radio news conference,
said that Mr. Villa had confessed to
being a C.I.A. agent and would be tried
by a revolutionary tribunal. He said
Mr. Nixon had acted "precipitately"
and "forcibly" without having all the
information relating to the case.
STATINTL
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 Approved For Rele T'&' A
L: CIA-RDP80-0160
STATINTL
VL4% r ? tll u?0 i'v ~,J P-d'aE7
y 'L
,>3y Lewis H. Dinguid The decision to deny Ex- not to intervene in Cuban Cuba. A month later, in
Washington Post Foreign Service port-Import Bank financing
fiUENOS AIRES-The for Chilean purchase of affairs. July, came the next step in
last; American ambassador Boeing jets is considered by Soviet-Cuban Sugar Deal the attempt to closeout Cas-
to;Cuba has just written a' some observes to have As late as January, 1960, tro - suspension of the all-
bon c on the collapse of U.S. driven Chile to the Russians President Eisenhower made important Cuban quota for
relations with Fidel Castro, in the same way that, Bonsai just a public pledge. The export of sugar to the
and the present ambassador shows, the 1960 oil decision next month, Soviet Vice Pre-
to.Chile has asked the State did the Cubans. micr Anastas Mikoyan, visit- United States at preferen-
Deiartment to send him a More militant Commu- ing Havana, signed a deal tial prices.
copy forthwith. nists and Socialists backing for Cuban sugar. According Congress authorized the
Retired Ambassador Allende assume that the to Bonsai, the agreement, suspension, Bonsai recalls,
Philip W. Bonsai argues, in other key decision-making did not endanger the tradi- after 'secret hearings, on the
"Cuba, Castro and the center outside the Treasury tional U.S.-Cuban sugar basis that the step was "a
as Bonasl im?Jtrade. necessary weapon to over-
United States," that Castro's is the CIA
,
ear~y provocations trigg*ered Then Cuban agreed to throw Castro and defeat STATINTL
untustifiably harsh U.S. re- plies was the case in 1960. take Soviet oil in part pay- Communist penetration of
prisals, beginning with a Nixon 's Role ment for the sugar-enrag- the territory of American's
crucial decision imple- Of course, today the ulti- ing traditional suppliers former staunch friend and
merited by the Secretary of mate decisions lie with Pres- Texaco and Esso, whose ally." The ambassador says
the-Treasury. 'dent Nixon. By his own ac- profit remittances Castro he saw no basis fur such a
The decision was that the count, then Vice President had already frozen. contention.
twb' American oil companies Nixon was the prime advo- Bonsai says that the com- Bonsai later learned that
operating in Cuba should re- cate of the 1960 decision to panics had decided to refine the decision to do in Castro,
~ to t
d
fusq to refine Soviet crude
oil~.that the Castro govern-
meijt imported, and Bonsai
says that the American gov-
ernment informed him of
thin critical turn in policy
only by way of an oil coin-
pauy excutive.
This reprisal against Cas?
tro's dealing with the Soviet
Tlninn was the first ncnrt art
arm Cuban exiles .or their the Soviet oil un
er pro s - had been made in March,
eventual invasion which was Then an oil executive vis- and the CIA had been au-
out, in April, 1961, ited him, at the request of thori7ed to start recruiting
carried
under President Kennedy. Assistant Secretary of State and training the exile army.
While Bonsai's spare, 225- Roy Rubottom. Bonsai re- "It became common knowl-
page chronicle makes it calls: edge in Havana that sum-
clear that Cuba and Castro "My visitor went on to tell mer that the CIA was help-
were far different from Al- ing the anti-Castro guerrilla
lende and Chile, the main me that on the previous day fighters who appeared spor-
events are worth recalling representatives of the two adically in a number of rur-
for their possible perti- American companies , al areas."
in-"an unannounced policy nence-the more so since
that climaxed with the Bay theme is mounting pressure
of figs invasion. in the hemisphere to end
" - . We in the Havana against Cuba.
embassy became aware only Bonsai was named Ambas-
sador to Cuba in January,
gradually and imperfectly, 1959. to replace Earl E. T.
and without real opportu- Smith, who had been deeply
nity for comment and dis- committed to the Batista
cussion, of the new policy of dietatorshop that Castro
overthrew e a r l i e r that
our government," says Bon- month.
sal. Davis was named early in
Eerie Similarities Allende's term to replace
Although the career diplo- Edward M. Korry, whose
mat makes no comparisons, analysis of Allende's elec-
there are some eerie similar- toral victory supported
hies between the events of those in Washington who
11 years ago and the uneasy consider Chile to be "lost."
state of present U.S. rela- Korry stayed at his post
tions with Chile's socialist through the first year of ne-
government.
f
t
f
e o
a
it is gener- gotiations over the
For instance
,
ally assumed in Santiago nationalized American cop-
that U.S. policies unfavora- per investments.
ble to President Salvador By Bonsai's account, his
Allende's government are counsel against what he saw
generated by Treasury Sec- as Castro; efforts to use the
retary John Connally rather United States as a whipping
than by the State Depart- boy was to negotiate quietly
ment. and to reassert U.S. pledges
had been summoned to the
Approved For Release 2190M 3M: CIA-RDP80-01
WASHINGTON, Nov. C-Some of ray
best friers s are spies.
I was talking to one the Other clay
who 'Was complaining that most Ameri-
cans'seam to thin'.: that we don't n,,-:;,d
any undercover altho it is all
right for the other such [sides] to have
plenty of them.
There is a little bit cf truth in what
/t11F spy says. Everybody knows lhat,we
have the Central Jiitelligerce Agency
because. it gets blamed for everything
that goes wrong in the spy business.
The spy-in-the-sk:y case in v: hich Gary
Powers got Shot cloven in his high-flying
J U-2 airplane is perhaps the hest known
case, but the CIA also tool: the rap for
the ill-fated invasion of Cuba which was
-But the CIA is not really all that big
and its jab gets compounded because
many, if not roost, of the ether govern-
ment hnr.eiios which do business over-
seas like to take indivic'.ual shots at
spying. This includes . he i e lei'cci Bi:?
,
rC?.ll Of Il)`-?b:'t~aliOG with .gents. piFcilt-
ed everyv,hore--from among re;'olution-
ary groups to Earth Day rallies.
At the last demonstration 'against the
White House policies oil Viet Nsrn, a
rather smolt affair as demonstrations
go, it was noticed by this reporter that
an awful lot of the people mingling with
the demonstrators didn't really look the
part. Investi gallon disclosed they were
from the Customs Office, S:=east Service,
Internal Iievomie Service, United States
marshal's Office, or the Bureau of Nar-
cotics, t:) name a few. -
Not too n:,^ny years ago, we lcarued
of a diplomatic trip to l?ussia by an
American [who shall not be named]
who took along a group loaded with
more gadgets to detect radiation than
they could carry at oat time. One of
the gadgets was shaped like a slightly
oversize fountain pen.
After we gave up the U-2 flights over
Russia [but not China] Ilia military de-
veloped cameras for space satellites
that today are launched in secrecy
from Van- cnnberg Air Force Bose, Cal.,
to' circle far above foreign nations. The
detail from these piefurea is atmazinb -
and helpful.
But this sort of thing is never talked
about in more conventional places of
American ;overrrlent, especially not at
the State D llartinent. There is a cer-
talll disdain sho'.?ll towat(1 spies and
spying at state, a trait shared by diplo-
mats Of many Western nations.
So it was v'ith interest that I listened
when another spy-told me bow 1 illianl
.Itogers, secretary of state, had played
a key role An helping Egypt purge .its
nation of Ceinnluiiist spies.
The story the spy told its was that
Jiegers had been ec;nipped with a wrist
watch that could detect electronic
eavesdropping equipment. This males
sense because More arc any number Of
minute eleeetronic devices that could be
detected by a watch of this kind.
It is also on public record that East
Europeans had indeed been e~:pelle-d
from Egypt for planting listening de-
vices in a vi piety of official meeting
places.
In any event, Rogers'-watch was sup-'
posed to have sounded a signal ciarhig a
private ,meting with President Anwar
Sadat that they were finder electronic
survelliiallee. Saciet, of course, heard
the buzzing. I asked Eogers the other
night if ti13 story was true.
The secretary grinned and said he
had lienrci the sane story.
"hilt," she hisisted, "it.. Just isn't
true." It's getting so you can't even]
trust SpIcs any more.
STATINTL
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 STATINTL
'?'' I v 4'; G L 1)
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5 N0 19171
:i L L
F1 0'.
i`J) JU JJ y
'~~.s ~~ r-~;R ~? n :' - peace and friendship, especially with that nation with
lad i._ 926 t CYVil
whom we have the most reason to be peaceful and friend-
t For conflict between the USSR and the USA can only
s an 'e ise `: hose life s `a .s four v rar' apd who esult in a 'i ai holocaust, and most Klima?] beings today
IY_- t the rest o o: us, aspires for a world at peace, al- nave become , aware of that. President Nixon himself
low me e to make a few observations on.this 54th anniver- "S
sary of the Soviet Union, the first workers' and farmers' said so a few days ago when he announced his "mission
state- to A!oscow,
accident of history. The invitation was the logical level
relatives who died in it. Jn I?,? I covered the star that
opmert oI 'raditiora 1 Soviet policy, re (finned at its 2 tii
defended democracy in Spain as war correspcndcrt far
a ?r ~., _, Congress of the Communist Party e USSR.
tills neiYS72per'S p2'e. eC2S Or
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I did so again in V'orld \%1ar II, tilat conflict Peaces:u, co exis.e-'c. has r :viet policy since
the world's anti-fascists and the Internatioral Brigades its begin ' .The very f first deed of i;evrly born wort:
ers' and farmers' got'ernnent led by Lenin was a call to
had none i to avert by making ' the fa s-
O Madr. n tomb of fn
cism." the peoples of all warring powers to one the bloodshed.
I stood in the concentration camp of Dachau May Throughout the years the USSR has been the persis-
7 y li tent protagonist of orsarmametit negotiations, proposals
, I 5, to report its capture by the al d trco, s the day which always shocked the capitalist powers, bringing
the war ended. I was at Playa Giron in Cuba when the
y
J CIA launched its mercenaries against the revolutionary
republic.
'Four fierce conflicts in one r:an's life - enough for
an etcraty.
On this occasion, the 54th anniversary of the USSR's
birth, I contend that the first workers' state is the
world's firmest guarantee against World Win- Ill. That
can be demonstrated ii one will think obje:ctively. I once
wrote that no greater love hat h a man for his country
than to lay down his prejudices for it. I would wish all
Americans could do So and assess the facts of this half-
.-Century's history.
The centrality of the Soviet Union in mankind's will
for peace is being accepted by the majority of the world's
war-weary peoples. It accounts for the warm response
the Soviet leaders receive as they rat e the continents
g
with their proposals to negotiate all differences in order
'to achieve detente - and more - in this world.
Consider the nations the leading Soviet statesmen
have flown to, or wit b whom they have had negotiations
curses trar. ranged from cries of "Utopian" to "Red p er-
fidyt" invective inspired 'by such media as the Hearst
press here. But the fine hand V. the armaments lobbies
could ail?way's be traced writing the backroorn script for
the journalists of jingoism.
Yet the Soviet Union persisted, undismayed. And
the world can be thankful, ?
During the Thirties it tried to get the Western pow-
ers together in a collective secarity peace pact. As 11'q
ler , s policies lunged toward World War II, the USSR
worked tirelessly to create an anti-fascist coalition. The
name of Litvinoff became kno:?rn, and his formula,
"Peace is indivisible," resounded across the hem-is here.
Tragically, the time had not yet come for the idea to tri-
umph and World War II engulfed us all.
That war was won primarily because, as General
Douglas MacArthur put it on Feb- 23, iS 2: "The hopes of
civilization rest on the worthy banners of the courageous
Russian Arm Y." Let us not forget that, for the war too?:
20 million Soviet lives, a third-of its toti