U.S. DRUG REPORTS DIFFER

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-01601R000300280001-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 8
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 29, 2000
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: August 19, 1972
• Content Type: NSPR

SEC
WASHINGTON STAR
roxecbqlot,8ftease 2001/6340010die-RDP80-01
I 4.14. f
STATINTL
? By MICHAEL SATCHELL
, Star-News Staff Writer
'While secret intelligence re-
ports over theast 18 months
have presented, a gloomy as-
sessment of Arherica's world-
' ? wide efforts to
national narcot
de White Hou
hamper inter-
cs trafficking,
e and the Jus-
tice Department have careful-
ly fostered the 4pposite image
, . ? that the go eminent was
' making significant gains in the
; fight against opium, heroin
;and cocaine sm ggling.
n In speeches and press re-
leases, officials heralded Tur-
'key's agreement to halt opium
poppy production, the ,increas-
ed cooperation with foreign
, governments and retord sei-
;rums of .narcptics as hard evi-
'deuce that the battle was well
:on its way to bei ig won.
Dr. Jerome Jaffe, special
..consultant to tile president on
, .narcotics, and ohn E. Inger-
] soli, . head of he Bureau of
;N arcoti cs and Dangerous
;Drugs, called, them "major
'breakthroughs' and "mile-
;stones in the cooperative ef-
fort ? with , foreign govern-
ments.' .
! Thursday, the government
' released . a report entitled
.v),'"World Opium Survey, 1972"
? , that reflected jt part what in-
.. !telligence networks had been
saying foinmonths.
. But While the report ac-
knowledged that things were
not as rosy as pictured earlier,
? it still glossed over most of the
, /facts and conclusions con-
tamed in Centr I Intelligence
' Agency and I3N D summaries
that suggest the United States
. has only tondo( the tip of the
world narcotics p. 'diem. -
.. "These summaries, stamped
"Secret, No Foleig,n Dissemi-?
nation," survey narcotics pro-
duction and smuggling
throughout Asia, Europe, Cen-
tral and South America. .
They detail widespread coin-
' plicity by officials in several
countries, suggest "extra-
? legal" . actions I the United
States 'could con 'ider, ernplia-
''size that the 'T rkish agree-
ment will have 'ale effect on
'the U.S. heroin roblem, note
? that Vietnam var require- ,
ments have ham ered the nar-
cotics fight,. and conclude that!
the massive elicit by the Unit-
ed .States and thcr nations `
has had little realotrannnt:
effect on tap duo,
les trade. '? .
Among the major points in
the summaries:
o Prohibiting the growth of
opium poppies in Turkey is no
guarantee against illegal culti-
vation, which has been around
100 tons a year.
o The Turkish agreement will
have minimal impact on well
established European smug-
gling pipelines that will easily
switch. from Turkey to Yugo-
slavia, Persia and Afghanistan.
for opium supplies..
o "Extra-legal actions such
as flooding markets with
harmless or aggravating hero-
in substitutes ? to destroy the
trade's credibility, destruction
of narcotics factories by hiring
criminal or non-official ele-
ments, pay-offs of corrupted
officials as an income substi-
tute, and defoliation., are high-
ly problematical, but should
not be . rejected out of hand."
o The trade cannot flourish
without corrupt civil servants
and police in key positions. In
the "B ulgari an Customs
Game" for example, govern-
ment officials sell to French
traffickers opium that l3ulgar-
Ian customs officials have con-
fiscated from smugglers. The
smugglers often pay small
fines and can even buy back
their own narcotics seized ear-
lier.
o Despite increased narcotics
seizures, no critical, shortage
has been observed on the illicit
market.
o The p.robability of eliminat-
ing the trade in cocaine ?
currently the fastest growing
hard narcotic used in the Unit-
ed States ? is nil.
The CIA and B.NDD intelli-
gence summaries spell out in
vivid detail the enormous
problems facing the United
States in trying to curtail the
highly organized and. im-
mensely profitable internation-
al narcotics trade.
Illicit opium production, for
example, is estimated at
something between 1,200 and
1,400 tons each year. .To pro-
duce enough heroin to satisfy
American addicts and users,
only 40 tons of opium are re-
quired. ?
Turkish opium was furnish-
ing about 80 percent ,of the
heroin destined for the United
Slates with _Ulric'
tifillitaSerkU
small amount from. the Gold-
en Trangle area of Laos-Thai-
- Piirrrin
r a d
The CIA reports state that in
Burma, the .most important
nation in the, Golden Triangle
and which produces about 460
tons of opium annually, the
United States is virtually im-
potent in its enforcement op-
Torttmities.
. _
"Opportunities to exert in-
fluence are extremely limit-
ed," the reports say. "Lack of
-U.S. leverage . suggests the
best hope lies with the United
Nations. Burmese customs
and military officials are le-
ported in collusion with smug-
glers."
In neighboring Thailand, the
reports state, "officials of the
Royal Thai Army and Customs
at the several checkpoints
along the route to Bangkok are
usually bribed and 'protection'
fees prepaid by the smuggling.
syndicate or by the driver at
the checkpoints."
In the Vientiane to Hong
.Kong pipieline, the CIA sum-
maries report, "most of it is
probably smuggled aboard
military, or commercial air
flights including Royal Air
Laos and Air Vietnam, often
1,/ by or in collusion with the
crew."
; In recent years, the Golden
? ? Triangle area has begun to
produce finished heroin prod-
ucts for shipment rather than
simply raw opium or mor-
phine base from which the
' heroin is made.
?
"The technology of refining
opium into heroin is no more
complex than making bootleg
.. whisky in the United. States,"
a CIA report says, countering
the popular image of compli-
cated heroin "laboratories."
Pressure in Europe is creat-
ing shifts in smugling pat-
terns with West - Germany
emerging as a major narcotics
storage and staging area with
? ? Munich, Frankfurt and Ham-
burg the principal centers.
The role of Bulgaria in re-
cent years has "increased tre-
mendously" and the Commu-
nist nation is used as safe
haven from which major nar-
cotics operations are directed.
"Sofia hasteen described as
the new center for directing.
narcotics and arms trafficking
ay between western Europe and
" the Near East,"' the reports
state. "French and United
Kingdqin officials have also
,voiced their belief that Bulgar-
ian government officials may
be actively involved in selling
seized Turkish narcotics to
French traffickers." ?
As South America emerges
as an important transshipment
pint for narcotics entering the
'United States, there are indi-
ations of. increased Produc-
tion of opium poppies in some
.Latin countries including the
Columbia-Equador border and
Costa Rica.
. Cuban exiles and Puerto Ri-
can nationals are playing key
roles in the trade and produc-
? tion is switching from
mari-
juana to the more profitable
1 cocaine and heroin.
CIA-RDP80-01601R000300280001-1
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The Waskingtort Merry.Go41 wand
Ja01, "in Jerson
. .
. .- With enermons fanfare last
March, the Thai government
flri.ounced 1 it had burned 26
tons of opium. The pyre was
hailed in 1 Washington and
Bangkok as - evidence that
Thailand tt', last was getting
serious abcut cutting off the
. flow of heroin to the U.S.
? "This quantity of opium If
refined int b heroin," crowed
the- State 3 epartinent to Con-
gress, "cot ld huve supplied
one-half th U.S. market for
one year." the value of the
'opium fed.tO the bonfire was
estimated in the hundreds of
mllions.
Now, the GIA and other fed-
eral agencieS. have quietly in-
formed Washington that some-
thing besides opium went up
in that bonfire. The real story
-
is that Thailand and, indi-
rectly the U.S., were horn-
swoggled. into believing that
26 tohs Of opium were burned,
when, in fact, most of it was
cheap fodder.
The tale c. duplicity begins
in Nevembe i ? 1971, when the
"
drug-smuggling remnants of
Nationalist Chinese troops
along the rfhal-Burma-Laos
border heard the Thai govern-
ment wanted to buy 111) some
opium for a public demonstra-
tion.
The aging Nationalist gener-
als weren't born yesterday.
Having lived by their wits for
20 years, they saw an opportu
nity to make a killing.
Instead of loading raw
opium, they pushed 100 mules
with fodder, other plant mat-
ter, chemicals, and about 20
per cent opium.
The caravans made their
way down from the remote
border areas of Kachin and
Shan to the northern drug
center of Chiang Mai where
the burning was to take place.
As one mule after another
was unburdened, the Thais
paid off the Chinese?in part,
probably, with U.S. aid funds.
In all, the cagy dope peddlers
passed off five tons of opium
as 26 tons and pocketed more
than $2 million from the fan-
tastic hoax.
Either through corruption
or stupidity, the Thai officials
failed to test the huge mounds
of "opium" before they soaked
it with gasoline and put it to
the torch.
Only.as the smell of burning
molasses wafted through
Chiang Mal did the Thais sus-
pect they had been had. Then,
it was too late to do anything
but cover up their goof.
And cover up they did. They
hastily recruited gangs of
workers to bury the "hundreds
of millions of dollars" worth
of fodder and opium ashes.
Lives Lost .
Two years ago, we reported
that thousands of American
lives could have been saved in
Vietnam if the Army had de-
veloped adequate head and
body armor.
The brass hats began a fu-
rious search for an answer to
our charges but found the po-
sition, in the words of one gen-
eral, "too weak to merit a re-
buttal."
Disturbed over our disclo-
sures, Sen. Charles Me. Ma-
thias (R.-Md.), requested a Gen-
eral Accounting Office investi-
gation. The GAO report, not
yet released to the public,
backs us up completely.
Citing a "preliminary analy-
sis" of 2,703 Army and 627 Ma-
rine casualties, the report de-
clares that "the Army's nylon
vest did not significantly re-
duce casualties or deaths" and
that "the helmet, used by both
the Army and Marine Corps,
gives marginal reduction of
death from fragments but ap-
pai?ently no reduction in ems,'
unities."
Not only did the armor pro?
vide insufficient protection,'i
we reported originally, but.
many lives had been lost be-',
cause the GIs hadn't been
trained to wear their battle
gCor.
Military authorities, in re-
sponse, steadfastly insisted the
helmet and vest were regu-
larly worn. But the GAO, bas-
ing its conclusion on the
Army's own research, said:
"If the Army vest was worn,'
about a -40 per cent decrease
in wounds in protected areas
could he anticipated against
all fragmentation weapons
and about a 55 per cent de-
crease against the M-26 hand
grenade. ., . .
"Under identical heat, ?hu-'
midity, wind and cloud-cover
conditions, the Marine Corps
use of vests averaged 73.'7 per
cent while Army usage aver-
aged only 16.1 per cent,'
"We believe the Army's low
use of the vest, in Vietnam re-
lates to a lack of training and
emPhasis on using it during
combat. In contrast, the Ma-
rine Corps does use the vest
in training and puts emphasis
on its use .during combat." ?
0 1972. United Feature Syndicate
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0
[CTIP P
;e3 ,_441
By ilRIAM OTTENBERG
Star Staff Writer
A ton of ,96 percent pure Southeast Asian
heroin -- enbugh to satisfy more than one-
tenth of all Ai[nerican dope addicts for a year
? is headed this way as fast as its Chinese
owners can gear up their smuggling apparatus
to get it out of Asia.
This No. 4 or injectable heroin originally
was destined for American troops in Vietnam.
Firs t of Two Articles
vnagr-or-..
are seeking world domination
by making the young people of
the West slaves to narcotics.
The intelligence chief said
Peking offieials can claim lit-
tle influence over the border
provinces where opium is the
? principal and usually only
money crop. The tribesmen
who grow the opium, he ex-
plained, live on both the
Chinese and Burmese sides of
the border and ignore the cen-
tral -goverments of both court-
tries.
Instead, they deal with the
various insurgent forces who
war with each other to gain
control of the area. Opium, in
effect, pays for these tribal
wars.
The farmers sell the raw op-
ium to the insurgent forces
whose leaders differ little
from the old Chinese warlords.
Those leaders process the
opium into morphine base or
into No. 3 smoking heroin or
No. 4 heroin. They safeguard
it, escorting the shipments
from remote areas and trans- ,
port the finished product to
distribution networks in Laos,
Thailand, Vietnam and Hong
Kong,
But the with lrawal of the troops has left the
narcotics sun gglers literally holding the bag ?
i?. fact, thousands of hermetically sealed bags
of heroin.
Presence
was disclosed
strategic lute
Narcotics and
He said
of the vast oversupply of heroin
by John Warner, chief of the
lligence office of the Bureau of
Dangerous Drugs.
it's still "upcountry" ? in the
"golden triangle" of the opium trade, where
Laos, Thailm d and Burma meet. What BNDD
hopes to acc mplish with intelligence from the
Central intelligence Agency and Thai and Lao
tian police iS to "interdict" or block the move-
ment of the heroin down the line to where it can
be shipped to the United States. ,
"With the withdrawal of our troops andthe
stricter military controls to locate heroin
users," Warner said, "the market for No. 4
heroin dwindled. In the tri-border area, the
price has drOpped to $750 a kilo, which is just
their break-even point.
"We spec date that some of this heroin is
going to find
Some of it a
United State
- Francisco anc
Right no , Warner said, there's a sizable
oversupply of No, 4 heroin ? equivalent to the
its way to the Western world.
ready is being seized in the major
ports ? New York, Miami, San
Seattle."
best out of IV
lack of buyers
The heroi
ed the Unite
Asia for the
troop pullout caught them off guard.
pictures showing how they have
ant capacity of their heroin labo-
ner said. "They're still produc-
'arseilles. It's been stockpiled for
1 traffickers, he said, had expect-
States to remain in Southeast
text quarter of a century. The
"We have
doubled the p
? ratories," IN a
Jug because they have chemists under contract,
but they're t -ying to sell practically at cost
while they try to link up with American and
European buyers. We know heroin is still in the
pipeline." ?. .
The Chin se dominating this traffic are:the
overseas Chin se, motivated by profit rather
than ideology. Warner rejected the oft-
expressed theory that the Chinese Communists
Pay With Weapons
The overseas Chinese pay
for the heroin principally with
guns the warring insurgent ,
forces need to keep goipg.
One factor leading to in-
creased production in the
"golden triangle," Warner
said, was the introduction ot
hermetically sealed packs
which made it possible to
keep No. 4 heroin from deteri-
orating.
Production of No. 4 herein
goes back to about 1967. With
the increased military pres-
ence in Vietnam, Warner said,
many of the laboratory opera-
tors saw an expanding market
for the new product.
? Up to then, most of the 750
tons of opium produced an-
nually in the "golden triangle"
? was consumed by addicts in
? the area in the form of smok-
ing opium or No. 3 smoking
heroin hich
Approved For Release 20Wil
fel
L,?:.1
ther inhaled throu
or slicked the smoke through a
straw.
When Chinese traffickers
' started selling No. 4 heroin to
American troops, Warner said,
they told them it was cocaine
and was not addictive.
The bottom has dropped out
of their business just at the
time when farmers produced a
bumper crop of opium, in
March and April.
"The traffickers are still
buying this year's opium
crop," Warner said, "but we
don't know their plans for pro-
ducing No. 4 heroin. We as-
sume they will produce some
but will adjust to the market.
We know the price is moving
up a little as they see the end
of their tremendous oversup-
ply and start gearing up.
again.
"The Chinese entrepreneurs,
however, are not going to ov-
erextend themselves now that
the troops are no longer there
to make it easy for them. They
don't like to take chances.
They don't like to deal with
people they don't know and
they don't like to deal with
Caucasians,"
Forces Stiffened
Being aware of that attitude
and concerned about that ton
of heroin pointed in this direc-
tion, BNDD Director John E.
Ingersoll has announced that
BNDD is going to increase its
forces in the Philippines.
Here's his reasoning:
The Philippines are on the
route of the traffic moving
from Southeast Asia to the.
United States, Most Filipinos
speak English and have good
contacts in the United States.
They have close commercial
ties with the Chinese and lan-
guage. ties with Latin Ameri-
ca. They could well emerge RS
the middlemen of the traffic..
Latin American ties are rel-
evant because Latin America
has been the transshipment
point for heroin shipped from
Europe to the United States.
Despite some testimony on
Capitol Hill that much of the
4PRON0t4#40080001-1
way to the United States
nny1+4.rivina
WASHINGTON POST
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-
ack, Anderson been involved in drug tr;affie
'for some years.'.
? Yet, despite all this evi--
muerb donee of official Thai corrup-
gpina .
t
? mi t.ion, the United States con-
, o.?..) ? mues to supply Thailand
h0 o . ? with millions in American:
al Connection. arms. And the Thai govern- -
??? ment smugly dismisses this
A . . . . .
. . . Instead, Royal Laotian Air column's documented reports
DESPITE furious denials Force fliers and a few pilots f heroin in high Thai places
by the Thai government, evi- of the CIA-run Air America as "slanderous accusations" '
-deuce is mounting that mem- now airlift much of the mor- FOR A welcome change, !
hers of Thailand s 10-man nil- phine to warehouses in the the government is going to
?ing council haNfe ,been cor- "Golden ? Triangle" along get some return from one of
'rupted by international dope Thailand's northern border. . its administrative Trills,
smugglers. The warehouses are dun.- White House protograplier
As far away as this oriental fully protected ' by corrupt 011ie Atkins accompanied
intrigue is, it dilhectly affects senior officials of. the Royal President Nixon to Red;
the alarming ris of crime onThai Army and the Thai bor. 'China, and helped put to-
America's street where ad- ?dier patrol who take a cut of gether a book called "The'.
diets rob, house-break and the profits' President's Trip to China."
shoplift to feed ' their gnaw- When the warehouses are Atkins' share, instead of.
,Reports from the Central baSe, chemists from Taiwan
, to the federal treasury along
going into his pocket, 'yin go
/
ing heroin habits
bulging with illicit morphine
. with
? Intelligence Age icy, and the fly in, the sources say. a check from his pub-
They
_ State, Justice and Defense are ceremoniously Welcomed lishar for the pictures. 'An-
departments, all agree that by. remnants of the old Na-
other Atkins book, "Eye on
.rhore and more heroin is" tionalist Chinese divisions Nixon," will provide royalties
-.
pouring into the United driven from Red China and to the American Red Cross.
States from ?Thailand, one of now? living off the land in 0 1972..United FeaThre Syndicate
"America's closest allies. Thailand.
'? "Historically, this area has No longer under Taiwan's
not been an important source control, the Nationalist vet-
of opium-based.- narcotics for erans now support them-
the U.S. market This is no selves in the dope trade. The
longer the case," bluntly Chinese chemists work night
states a classified CIA report 'and day for 30 days, earning ??
now in our hands,. as high as $10,000 for convert-
Buttressing the CIA are ing the morphine base to
other U.S. intelligence pure heroin.
sources who allege that at Then the Royal Laotian Air
least two of the 1G-man Thai Force and an occasional Air'
National,. -Executive Council America pilot, who pretends
'protect dope smugglers, he is unaware of his cargo,
1 The official US, sources ferry out the newly processed
also describe in detail heroin white powder. This time it
trade involvement of a top gbes to distribution points in
'Bangkok police commander, Bangkok, Vientiane and
a former parlian entarian, a other Southeast Asian cities.
Thai border patro. major and From there, it is trans-,
a colonel in a no.thern Thai shipped to the United States,
army division. American .intelligence offi-
The police official, say the cers are even fearful some
sources, is owner of a well- may get aboard Air Force,
known Bangkok massage par- KC-135 tanker planes which
'los-brothel where heroin is fly directly to the United
readily available from em- States from Thailand. The
ployees. Run by a woman planes Or crews are rarely
friend of the police official? checked properly by U.S. cus- ?
,who himself maintains an of- toms.
lice in the buildinol,f?the bor. In Hong Kong, an impor-
dello is called "The Smack tant trans-shipment point,
Parlor" by its ?Ai erican pa- British officials are also.
,trons. "Smack" is' slang., for seething over the corruption_
heroin. of the That government offi- ?
!While this and other dope. cials. Some proof of this dis- -
,hangouts have long .operatedi may is contained in a cati '
-openly under the noses of tious, classified cable from
Thailand's rulers, the hicra-. David Osborn, American con?
jive up-country opium trade sul in Hong Kong, to Secre-'
has been changing diainati- tary of State William Rogers. -
-cally since this January. - , Dated March 27, the cable
.., Crude morphine base from urges secrecy, then confides:
the Thai-Burma-Laos border "Hong Kong narcotics offi.-
'is no longer processed almost cials have long-standing be-.
'exclusively in the laborato- lief that Thai officials Ilan
? ?
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Approved For Release 2001/0ZICIAw CMRDP80-016
STATI NTL
The Washington IllerrytaGo.nonnd
Bgeeduiev Assures Kksin
Py Jack Anders. an
Kremlin czar Leonid Brezh-
nev used tough language to
Impress upon Henry Kissinger
In Moscow that Russia will
continue to support North
Vietnam. : ?
But Brezhnev assured the
President's peripatetic foreign
policy adviser that the Viet-
nam War need not stand in the
way of better Soviet-American
relations.
The conversations contin-
ued, off and on, for four days.
Sources privy to the secret de-
tails tell us Brezhnev was fu-
rious over U.S: suggestions
that the Soviets had equipped
Hanoi for an invasion of South
Vietnam.
President Nixon ? himself
served an oblique warning
Upon the Kremlin that "great
powers cannot avoid the re-
sponsibility for the use of
arms by those to whom they
give them." ?
: Brezhnev offered no apolo-
gies for furnishing Hanoi with
the T-54 tanks, heavy artillery
? and other sophisticated weap-
ons that have shown up on the
fighting fronts. The North Vi-
etnamese have used. these
heavy arms to spearhead their
new offensive.
Brezhnev not only acknowl-
edged that Soviet military
shipments to Hanoi have been
Increased, but - he made it
plain he would risk alienating
the U.S. before abandoning
North Vietnam.
He suggested, that a Viet-
nam settlement can still be ne-
gotiated. However, there was
no Soviet offer to soften Ha-
noi's terms. Brezhnev and Kis-
singer merely agreed that the
two superpowers shouldn't let
the Vietnam war disrupt their
efforts to seek a Soviet-Ameri-
can detente.
Back at the White House,
Kissinger apparently has per-
suaded ? the President not to
let the Vietnam fighting jeop-
ardizo relations with the Rus-
sians. Nixon's first reaction
after the new North Vietnam-
ese offensive was to hit back.
He said privately that he
wasn't going to permit the
U.S. to be pushed around.
But the original hard U.S.
line, at least so far as Russia
is concerned, has now been
softened. -
ATISWer. to Thailaud
The government of Thailand
has accused us of "slanderous
accusations" for reporting how
prominent -Theis help to hus-
tle heroin to U.S. markets.
Through its embassy in
Washington, Thailand angrily
charged that our recent col-
umn on the Thai drug trade
was based "merely on hear-
say."
In fact, our report was
,er
based upon a thorough field
investigation by American
narcotics and intelligence
agents. The Central Intelli-
gence Agency has published
five reports dealing wholly or
in ? part with the Thai dope
trade. These reports, classified
"Confidential" and "Secret,"
substantiate our charges.
The Thais claim, for exam-
ple, that they "began an inten-
sive campaign against danger-
ous drugs more than ten years
ago." They say the Bangkok
government has taken "effec-
tive measures" against drugs.
A program' to get hill tribes-
men to stop growing opium,
they add, has "met with suc-
cess."
These statements are flatly
contradicted by the five CIA
documents, dated from Octo-
ber, 1970 to October, 1971.
Par from showing progress
in the last ten years, Thailand
and its two neighbors, Burma
and Laos, have "evolved in the
past ten years from a major
center for the growing and
production of intermediate
narcotics products to a major
center for producing finished
heroin."
As for the alleged success in
preventing tribesmen from
growing opium, the CIA
states: "Government measures
to curtail the growth of the
opium poppy among the hill
on
tribes in . . . Thailand have
been ineffective."
.Thai law authorities, whorl's
he government claims have
cracked down on the drug.
traffic, are actually In cahoots
with the smugglers.
Declares the CIA: "Officials
of the RTA (Royal Thai
Arniy), the BPP (Thai border
police) and Customs at the
seversel checkpoints on the
route to Bangkok are usually'
bribed .
There are, says the CIA., a
multitude of civilian and mili-
tary officials in Burma, Laos
and Thailand "who take their
cut to .ensure safe Passage of
the opium ..."
The CIA operatives, unlike
the Thai authorities, have
carefully ? pinpointed poppy
fields, distribution points,
processing centers and smug-
gling routes in Thailand.
? Concludes the CIA: "Opium
or .morphine base is delivered
to laboratories in Bang,kok for
further refinement into mor-
phine or heeoin .? . Most of
the refined produce is then
smuggled aboard Hong Kong-.
bound vessels?either Thai
merchant ships at the Cho
Phraya River decks In Bang-
kok or Thai deep sea trawlers.
"Such ? craft may then do-
posit the Illicit cargo on one of
the several hundred small is-
lands ringing Hong Kong for
later retrieval by a Hong
Kong junk."
() 1972, United 146Ours OndteM4.
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Approved For Release 2001103/04: CIA-RDP80-016otwpwic280001
WINSTON SALEM, N.C.
JOURNAL
M ? 77,944
JOURNAL SFNTINEL
S 9au.770
NV 2 8 1971
The Wrong Diggings
INTERNAL squabbles of
1 august scientific bodies are rarely
of much interest to the general public,
/16ut the recent uproar within the
v American Anthropological Association
is an exception. When Margaret Mead
gets booed ,by her colleagues ? it
happened at the AAA convention last
week ? the issue must be an impor-
tant one, indeed.
The problem is familiar ?
government support and control of
scientific efforts. Research is a costly
proposition, and most scientists are
eager to mine the rich lode of federal
grants available to anyone who can
link his pet project, however remotely,
to the national interest. At the same
time, nevertheless, the s c ien t iii c
community remains suspicious of the
heavy hand of government in its af-
fairs, especially if data or discoveries
are being used for questionable ends.
Anthropologists are accusing other
?. anthropologists of feeding information
/ gleaned in research on the hill tribes
J of Thailand to the CIA and Depart-
ment of Defense,'rise in the
Southeast Asia war. It seems that in
between scholarly explorations of the
Khmu and Yao, certain tidbits, such
as the locations of forest trails and
gathering spots, are finding their way
into such unlikely places as diagrams'
for low-level bombing runs.
Young anthropologists jeered Miss
Mead because she reported to the AAA
that her special committee found
nothing unethical about the motives of
the research in Thailand. The facts
seem to argue otherwise. It is , cer-
tainly no secret that many scientists,
including anthropoligists, are on CIA
and defense pa y r oils, doing
pacification, counter-insurgency and
resettlement work.
We tend to agree' with those
anthropologists who contend that their
business is studying man, and not
meddling in the relations of govern-
ments and their subjects. Money
should not be regarded as tainted
simply because it comes from the
government ? even the mo st
scrupulous scientist is not going that
far. But it would seem only prudent
for the ethical researcher to. reel in the
strings attached to his fede'ral grant.
just to be sure that there is no nnpalm
or cloak and dagger at the ,other end.
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12
.t'UST
2 C Ju 1971 ?
Approved .For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-0160
111)ocurn:e.I.D.ts
? ? 11 ? :
- -11T1
'iLA01,11..11.(2.11 .LL 1LLh.Et
This ? story is -derived ,entii?ely from information distrib-
uted by United Press International and Associated Press,
1
-.
The Chicago Sun-Times says just as it is at least for another!
in an. article today that theigeneration.?,
"Thailand, . in particular,;
Nixon administration was told!
iwotdd continue to maintain:
by the ? Central Intfiligence'
.. -. - - - close relations with the U.S.i.
Agency in 1969 that it could ? and would seelc additional
immediately withdraw from port. Simultaneously, Tli-
yietnam and "all of Southeast land would make overtures
Asia would re.ma.in just as it 'and move toward , China and
'
the Soviet Union. It would
is at least for another , gen
eration." simply take. aid from both
In another article based on sides to preserve its independ:
.
material from secret govern-,ence- . ' . .: . . ?
rnent documents, the St. Louis' "North Vietnam .Would con-
Post-Dispatch said yesterday sumo itself in Laos and South
that former Defense Secretary Vietnam-. Only Laos would
Robert S. me,N-arnara told Pres_ definitely follow into the Com-
ident Johnson privately in 1996 munist orbit." -. - . - . ? .
- that military.. escalation in The CIA totally rejected
."the so-called domino theory
North and South Vietnam was
not having the desired effect on which U.S. policy was
'and reported he saw "no rea? based in the Eisenhower, Ken-
. sonable way to bring the war nedy and Johnson administra-
to an end 'soon." ,tions," the Sun-Times says,
The Sun-Times, in a cooy- and followed a position con-
' s
'righted story in Saturday's cdt-
istent with a long line of esti-
tions, says the CIA told Mr. mates dating back to the origi-,
!Nixon at .the beginning of his nal involvement in Vietnam hid
-administration that withdrawal :3-954' '-'-- - ? - . ' ''s .
would result, in the immediate!
loss ofLaos.
...-, The newspaper quotes a CIA #
advisory to the President as
sayin g, Prince ."Sihanouk
would preserve Cambodia by
6. straddling effort. All of
Southeast Asia would remain,
STATI NTL
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7
1 By FI.:1,1X. PEI,AIR Jr.
sr,Niiiii ti Tilt: New York. TIME]
)1 .C7 *.r
Approved For Release 2001/6/64 ':.'6IA-g-pRisim16
OCi - ? 0 I ?
, 1,? c.k.? ; ? / f
tbc A ? r/41.
C11,!,l'i A \
' WASHINGTON,- June 0? _
/United States intelligence ??-?..,,,,,
' agents have identified at least 13U:I0fx
Cp
,7,. ;
21 opium refineries in the bar-
LAM
-der area of Burma, Laos, and
1::,,-..t.1 =?? p7i-:i-li.TKci j
Thailand that provide a-con-
-.stant flow of heroin to Ameri-
JJJ,,,-,.0
' can troops in South Vietnam. Rli 'k ,-.1"k- Prohein2,
tun:in
r
- Operated and protected in
Burma and 'Thailand by insur-
gent armies and their leillers 4)m`'l '1111-1,11.,A110
r
- and in Laos by elements of the
;royal 3,aoti10 armed forces, the
!:"lining and -distributing have
.?,..?. until white heroin rated
t, cifie cotist cities of the 'Y
,?, 1.,11 RiA A i)...JiL C.>,,,,,,..,-,7::5-,:',.-'!-
,.. 'author of a recent report esti-
?..... r cent pure. is turning up clink
United States' AS Well AS in ,P). "rA ("1 ,:-1?, ' i .:';]:::-':,.." mating the numbers of heroin
The B urrn a-La os-Th a il and ...--?,',....1.11-1,\ILAND ''',:::-:.,:',:!:-Ii,,:::-:f..:,,..',:.
D .,A -1,:,1,..':::,:i.:-4-, addicts Among American serv-
25,000 to 30,000.
icemen in South Vietnam at
Saigon.
border area, known as the :,?:.;:.ii-,:-:.?.-:.A\ ,.....) , ? in]::::::,.?.:
-"Golden 'Triangle.," normally .?;i:::-?,?'.1 \/:::'-,--\,( ""--- ',?-"----,- ','
, - 1
'acc.ounts for bout 700 tons of ,.-1'.--:?Li?-i,i'.,--.,i:'-i-?;:i--'1..._... ---'....2.L.?-iti.:7-
Opium annually, or about half Tlw.. 1:c,v/ WI: Ti:,ns Jur,c 6, 19/I
the world's illicit production. Opium praductE: from 1113
Burma is the largest producer surrenilding neon, tolowni.
in the region, accounting for as the 'Golden Trial:q.41e,'
about 400 tons. are said to be shipped
- But a recent analysis by the
throtTli Ban Houci Sta.
Central intelligence Agency
suggests that productionis ex- :
rii?ing; one to thi et-,! Ian S of Crlii um ;
insurgents, narcotic's enforce-ibelieved capitble of processing
pending in the area, and there 1
, a.nci.' quantities of morphine mem officials say
that a con- some 300 kilos of raw opium
an,. indications that this years ?base, "one trawler' 1) day moves tinuous flow of the drugs pe.r day," the report said. -
output may reach 1,000 tons, to the vicinity of the Chinese through government-controlled The opium and derivatives
...D'iore EIgh-Graele. Xilieroin Communist-controlled Lema 1s- areas cannot; be sustained w-ith, crossing ,
Thailand from Bui-ma
The C.I.A. analysis made 13 rids '-- 15 miles from Ilon .out the involvement of corrupt enrout e to Bangkok was traced
Kong ---- where the goods are , orichi Is
tinlsa major points about re,: - --' ... t-' ? i , i:l ' , c? in the paper as moving, out of
logclea into lIong hong jun is. 'the same view was ex.. , ,.,. ,hr
. ., . .. . , sliCit i\orrn 'Thai towns AS
1 cOpiLUP And derivatives rnove ' pre