(Sanitized)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-01601R000200130001-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 33
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 26, 2001
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: November 11, 1972
• Content Type: NSPR

VIRGINIA SUN
Approved For Release 2001-100/04-MA-RDP80-0160
Victor illeseirmaumasto t4' U."z.c0
-442 - - So ?Tuner, the open mouth
Maoist was hired at $2-6,000
_ year by the Office of Minority .
'Tuner Had Business Enterprise as a
section chief and program
? officer. His speciality was
,?- ,
Kaex Arrest
/ working with minority groups
, in economic development. He
? set up firms. Thus., he was
??.? responsible for considerable
Passage of government money
f ? This, too, was "critical-
.?sensitive." Some Commerce
twommemagammommemeom insule Labor Dept off ic a 1 s having learned
that Ate was "dangerous,"
sermonizing. - Wh3' was he fought him. wanted }Mini
hired? Who approved this? ousted. But someone
Whose signatures are on his protected the revolutionist,
Civil Service Commission
known in his many neigh-
forms? e Why- did ? Ramsey -
.-Clark borhoods as a self-declared
lark ignore the record?
enemy of 'the system, the
This leads to issues of past
regional state, and a devotee of
notional - and
elections. Certainly soviet Castro's Cuba.
Who then, covered for
Communists have not ceased Puller? Investigators of the
infiltrating the government as Hoose Internal Security
did those of bygone eras. C mmittee now 'are probing
Certainly there are records le 'fuller case., This sort of
in the FBI arid CIA proving /1,01 has become UI)-
Washington--No , one could
rreally predict that Charles
Tuller, who had a $26,000-a-
year "critical-sensitive"
classified executive post in the
Commerce Dept., would turn
killer and kidnapper. BM the
record, which -was ignored
when he was hired in 1967 by
Ramsey Clark's Dept. .of
justiceedid rev&II that Puller
was a neurotic, erotic., erratic,
self-avowed, free-spouting
Maoist ranging the asphalt
jungles of Newark and New
No one could predict teliat
while on the Commerce
Dept.'s payroll Puller would
try to rob a bank kill two rnen
? in this Leninist-type hold up
and then murder one Eastern
Airlines ramp employee and
shoot another. ?
e But the record, ignored by
the then Attorney General
Ramsey Clark and many of
his aides reyeals Tuller was,
arrested in New York fdr in-
decent expUure, ran with wild
homosextuds, , was
'white racist much In the
.f.inger:of .black and militint
social workers, was anti-
Semitic. and jliven.1o.wc1rd
. that Peking China has at-
tempted to infiltrate fashionable in Congress. The
' caveat ise that any .such probe
American political industrial is evil or witch-hunting. .
and governmental ? Certainly not if the rights of all '
organizations.
Therefore is, are protected. Cerlaialy not if
Puller merely
one th? there is .the .realization.of ,the
thousands who seeped into
sensitive postilions? Or is he nature of foreign intelligence.'
systeras. Their agents dory,
symptomatic? iust read James Bond.
This. is so very charac- They infiltrate. st?e are
teristic - of Communist amateurs such as Puller
techniques. Infiltrate a few, who surfaced when he turned
move in others. Move up, -eye killer. But some are miolity
UI) the others. Promote each
other and plot against the professional. Some have been
there for decades and are deep
government executives whose in the bureaucratic wood-
'clesks"are needed for further
infiltration. work.... ? If Puller could mahe
? ? ' his way in. there is instant
Puller fits the pattern. Ile evidencedf carelessness and a
used his FBI field report search in ay ferret out
acceptance by the Justice I 1 Tt
. s .
Org les . .
.. I.Dept. officials circa 1957 to get ..,.
there are thousan6 such
. This record is in the full field.- job in the Equal sensitive jobs. There are tens
investigation made in 1967 by EmploymentOpportunity of thousands of Soviet and
the FBI at the request of. Commission (EEOC)in 1970.
. Peking sympathizers around
Clark's - aides?standard
procedure for appointments
for sensitive jobs.
Despite this "derogatory
information"--as it is
technically called-Toiler was
hired on Oct. 2, 1967. Though
he had been earning some
$6,000 in civilian work he got a
$13,000-a-year position as . a
?Community Relations
Specialist in the Office of
Community Action, Com-
munity Relations Service of
the Justice Dept. ?
There were those in Justice
e ? la re.ni-,
the land who have sub-
Justice June 30 1039. Then into
surfaced. How many have
the roast spare rib business in
seeped into the government?
Texas. Failure. Then to the
EEOC. ? It will be intriguing to learn
what the Internal Security
There he served with the
Commit:lee investigators
technical assistance unit. No ?
one bothered updating his
field cheek. Then to the Dept.
of Commerce in January,
1972. Here, too, they just took .
his old unexamined
derogatory FBI report as
evidence of security. It was
five years old, but. 110 one
thought of updating it. Or of
who knew,o_f.Tullen'sejwird examining it. If it was f;00d
pild illoPEPyqmir
str Release02001/03/0401CIA-RDP80-01601R000200130001-8
civilian life, hnew of his enough for Commerce.
STATI NTL
Maoist and Clic Guevara
THE yEw YORK TIMES MAGAZINE
22 Oct 1912 cs,
Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP81Y-Uit8l
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WASHINGTON: The Constitution requires that
the President of the United States be at least 35
years old, a resident of the country for 14 years
and a "natural-born citizen." It says nothing about
the state of his coronary arteries, his physical en-
durance and the slow, silent tides that wash his
mind. A lot of people wish it did.
The recent abortive candidacy of Senator Thomas
Eagleton has again focused attention on the issue
of Presidential physical and mental fitness. This
time the debate has centered on the fitness of a
man nominated and not elected, but it takes no
great historian to remember the crises ?preciPitated
by the illnesses in office of Wilson, Roosevelt and
Eisenhower, and .John Kennedy's constant burden
of pain. Spurred by the tragedy in Dallas, Congress
in 1966 passed the 25th Amendment, which for the
first time provided a mechanism whereby an in-
capacitated President could be so declared and de-
posed while in office. But this, in a sense, is ex
post facto legislation. The important thing, say
some observers, is not to elect men or women who
be prone to disability once in office.
One articulate proponent of some kind of screen-
ing before nomination is James Reston of The
Times, who wrote 'about the problem in his column
last summer. Reston pointed out that physical
and mental checkups are required before ?a man
/can be appointed to a high position in the
V C.I.A. or Atomic Energy Commission, but that no
' medical examination at all is required of the man
.who has ultimate responsibility for nuclear warfare
?the President. Reston's suggestion was clear-cut:
Men with the power of peace and war should be
checked objectively before they are nominated and
elected?and checked regularly thereafter. Fur-
thermore, such checkups should be done "not by
the officials' own doctors, but by medical boards
representing the national interest."
Even before the Eagieton affair, two Washington
.specialists in health testing, internist William Ayers
- and engineer James Aller, had suggested that all
candidates from the Presidential level through Con-
gress and the state legislatures be required to com-
plete a health questionnaire end undergo a battery of
health tests (without psychologic testing). Ayers and
Aller suggested that 'once such data was collected
it could either be released voluntarily and re-
viewed by Congressional committees, as is now
done with the financial records of some nominees
to high office, or made public as the result of
specific legislation.
'These ideas have an Instant .appeal. As Reston
wrote, "NoMmitvezlifottoRerease 20011
sionaf footliff !Team could afford to tolerate" the
.',1'7N tern
reansei,a tta
STATI NTL
present system in which ab- arteries, which affected his
'solutely no medical data at .heart and led to a stroke. From
all are required of candidates
for high office. The old joke
about the man in the Con-
gressional race who had years
ago served some time in a
state mental institution and
got elected on the basis that
he was the only candidate
who had a piece of paper
proving his sanity rings a bit
hollow when one considers
the risks of instability in of-
fice. Indeed, it is true that
many large corporations give
their executives yearly phys-
ical examinations, and that the
results are sometimes made
available to higher-ups in the
company, helping them to .
identify men with heart or
drinking problems and to de-
cide promotions.
Politicians- and state;anen,
no less than corporate execu-
tives, are frail vessels like the
rest of us, and the history of
incapacity in office is lugubrie
ous reading indeed. Hugh
L'Etang's fascinating hook,
"The Pathology of Leader-
ship," is an 'account of the
physical and mental illnesses
of national leaders during the
20th century. It makes 'a valu-
able grace note to the stan-
dard histories of our time, for
even as the usual texts focus
on the complicated maneu-
vers of great statesmen and
mighty nations, L'Etang re-
minds us that the statesmen
involved were suffering from
cancer, hardening of the
arteries, depression and a
host of other debilitating
diseases.
Dr. Howard Brae"' a home or the Mayo Clinic, is
young Navy physician who
Da. Pruenn's notes and clin-
ical data (including electro-
cardiograms), it is clear that
Roosevelt was a sick man
'during his final year. Perhaps
not a dying man, as some
have claimed; perhaps not a
man whose mind was failing,
as many have said; but cer-
tainly a man who better be-
longed on the sandy beaches
of some retirement commu-
nity than as chief of state of
the world's most powerful na-
tion. -
Those who blame whatever
concessions were made at
Yalta on Roosevelt's illness
rather than on the Real polit ih
of the moment must keep in
mind that neither Churchill
nor Stalin 'were models of fit-
ness in 1045. Churchill, .who
was 70 and suffering from an
intestinal upset, had for a
year been so fatigued ? or ar-
teriosclerotic that he had dif-
ficulty concentrating on a sin-
gle subject for any length of
time. Stalin's medical history,
of course, went with him to
his grave (or to the graves of
the physicians executed after
the "doctors' plot" of 1953),
but even in 1944 intimates
noted that he lacked his usual
vitality. .There is little reason
to doubt that Stalin suffered
from suspicion bordering on
paranoia most of his life. In
statesmen, of course, partic-
ularly those at the head of to-
talitarian states, a little para-
noia is a protective trait.
While Yalta might have bet-
ter been held at an old men's
served as consulting cardi-
ologist to Franklin Roosevelt
between March, 1914, and
April, 1945, has given a care-
03104cvLetIALRDPOOL04604R GO GO4 000 Riles
there any reason to believe
that younger or healthier men
would have made a better
peace? L'Etang writes: "The
exaltnatici of &tate papers,
final illness hardening of the 1,
(.4
, men amied
sa should ea y a
,
continued
HOUSTON POST
Approved For Release AA/031/6212: CIA-RDP80-01601R00020
. . pies in sky keep two
By DONALD R. l%TORRIS
Post News Analyst
iowers in balance
.referred to as SAMOS (for 'satellite
and missile-observation system"); the
Soviet satellites are referred to as
COSMOS, and while neither country will
discuss their .details, they do, as the re-:
All that has kept the world from .self_ sult of a 1962
destructing this last quarter of a century launch and its
has been the precarious nuclear balance the UN.
between the United Stales and the Soviet The programs give both countries a.
-Union. positive check on the nuclear activities
For a few short years America had an of the other. Neither nation can test .or
overwhelming preponderance of power. deploy a major new weapons system
We were certain we would never resort to without timely?and highly detailed?
it, but our mere possession of such night-
warning accruing to the other.
marish power drove the Russians to dis-
"search-and-find" SAMOS missiles an-
The United States launches four or five
traction. Then they in their turn achieved -
an edge?and regained a measure of sta.-
nually from Vandenburg Air Force Base
bility?ahd it was our turn to taste the
in California. They remain in orbit about
'fear in the phrase "missile gap." a month, covering the entire surface of
A decade ago the balance was regained the globe twice a day, once at night
and has since been maintained. The num-
(when infra-red photography, sensitive to
ber of missiles, their megatonnage and
heat emissions, gives almost as much in-
their guidance systems are largely irrele-
formation as daytime passes) and once
vant; what counts is that neither power during the day.
can launch a preemptive strike with any The photographic results are radioed
hope of survival, and on this balance back, and despite the loss in resolution,
hangs the peace of the world,
construction work of any description is at
once apparent when photos taken a few
days apart are superimposed.
Each search-and-find satellite is follow-
ed a month or two later by a "close-look"
satellite, which photographs the specific
areas of interest its predecessor has
spotted. These photographs are not
transmitted electronically. Instead the
satellite ejects the film capsule itself,
which is recovered in mid-air by special-
ly equipped planes based in Hawaii.
agreement, report each
orbital characteristic to
?' Tiger ?Twer by the tail .
. .The balance, however, is far from stat-
ic. Both powers hold a fearsome tiger by
the tail. Research and development must
continue lest one side or the other
achieve a breakthrough in delivery or de-
fense, which might destroy the balance.
The expense of such a break-
through?indeed the expense of maintain-
ing the current balance?is so hideous
that both powers would like to avoid it.
They are committed to a continuing
arms race not by the need to achieve a
breakthrough but only by the imperative
of not permitting the other to do so.
Both sides recognize the need for a mu-
tual effort to scale down their arsenals.
In the past, negotiations over dis-
armament foundered on a single ele-
ment?trust. The issues at stake were so
overriding that neither the U.S. nor the
Soviet -Union could- afford to accept the
other's word that an agreement would be
adhered to.
? The recent SALT talks, however, have
achieved initial and encouraging suc-
cesses, and the key to the progress can
be found in an innocuous euphemism the
treaties employ: `'National technical
.means of verification". The phrase refers
to a program which supplies an accept-
able substitute for the missing ingredient
of trust, and on that program rests all
hope of reversike the arm,: race,. Amecica's most closely guarded secret,
The -nationagtppromedaFor Relelasec2001I03104 irC MIRO P80-01601 R0002001.30001 -8.
What photos show
The pictures are analyzed at the Na-
tional Photographic Interpretation Center
(known as "En-pick" to the in
community), a little-known joint project
located in W-ashington under the aegis of,
the Central Intelligence Agency.
The sophisticated interpretation of
these photographs provides the vast bulk
of what America knows about the Soviet
Union, the Eastern bloc countries and the
People's Republic of China.
The photos reveal not only major con-
struction ? from transportation nets
through shipyard activity to all manner
of missile facilities ? but an astonishing
wealth of technical detail as well.
While the U.S. will not talk about the
SAMOS program any more than the So-
viet Union will discuss the details of
COSMOS,, the general details of both
programs are mom or less open secrets.
STATINTL
organization won't gel: you.pas-t. -the front'.
door)
The first generation of satellite cam--
eras a decade ago were lucky to pick up
objects six feet across. The third gener-
ation in current use will pick up objects
less than two feet across, and the resolu-.:
tion may some day be measured in
inches. In terms of analysis, this means
that not only can new missile.: Sites, or
changes in old ones, be recorded, but the
precise technical construction of the mis-
sile can be reconstructed in fair detail as
well.
The Soviets launch perhaps four times
as many satellites as America does, par-
tially because Theirs do not lastas long,
and also because the Soviets are given to
"tactical" missions ? sending a satellite
for a special "look-see" when something
of interest is going on.
The U.S. prefers to waif for its regu-
larly scheduled shots, and hassent only
one tactical satellite aloft ? to check Is-
raeli claims-that the Soviets were violat-
ing the truce by installing missile sites
on the banks of the Suez Canal. Soviet
photography is good enough to allay
their fears that the U.S. is installing new
weapons systems, although the resolu-
tion of their cameras is not nearly as
good as ours.
. High-altitude coverage of the Soviet
Union started in the early 1950s when bal-
loon - mounted cameras were launched.
in Europe to drift across Eurasia before
being recovered in the Pacific.
From such crude beginnings we ad-
vanced to the U-2 aircraft, which worked
like a charm until the Soviets finally de-
veloped a missile that could bring it clown
? with disastrous results for American
diplomacy. President Eisenhower had ap-
proved the U-2 program only after Pre-
mier Nikita Khrushchev had rejected his
suggestion of . "open skies" inspections.
The gap- between the U-2 flights and the
inception of the SAMOS program was for-
tunately a short one.
photographic systems employed by
fication" are the photo reconnaissance
SAMOS. (N.P.I.C., in fact, maintains its
satellites employed by both America and
own security classification system, and a
STATI NTL
Approved For Release 2001.10104:,CIATRRP80-01601
G SEP 1-97Z
Now It Can Be Told
Declassifying-Secrets,
An Enormous Project,
,Turns Up Little So Far:
Design for .Wartime 81ingsbot
And Report on Taxi Service
In Malaya in '43 Now Public
Some Scholars Ask for More
? By ELLIOT CARLSON
? t-ciff Reporter of Tilt WASI:I, STREET JOURtiA14
. ? WASHINGTON ? John Simmons has a se-
Oct. ?
In fact, he has 4,000 cubic feet of them. Shel-
tered in windowless cranny deep inside .the
, National Archives, secure behind a steel door
?With a combination lock, Mr. Simmons pre-
'sides over great mounds of government se-.
Crets, military and otherwise. Near at hand arc?
certain-- unpublished 'Warren Commission pa-
pers on President ,Kennedy's assassination and:
thousands of other highly classified documents.
. For years, Mr. Simmons, a professional ar-
chivist, has worked in peace, indexing the ma-
terial. But now the world is threatening to dis-
turb his quiet and take away huge chunks of his
.secrets.
.? ?
"It's got to be done," concedes the graying,
soft-spoken Mr. Simmons,. who likes being,
alone in his "ckiinly lighted cubbyhole. "I won't
mind as long as they don't make too much
What's happening is that the National Ar-
'chives, the country's chief depository for his-
torical records, is mounting an enormous proj-
ect: declassification of 172 million pages of se-
cret documents from World War It and earlier.
It's all the result of the furor over "the Penta-.
zon Papers," which, among other things,.
stirred controversy over excessive classifies-.
Hon.. The Archives, it turned out, has secrets'
going back to 1913. So last March President
Ilixon issued an Executive Order aimed at'
'Opening up old classified files and easing ac-
-cess to more recent ones.
-Gee Whiz!
So far, most papers unlOcked hardly seem
worth the prolonged-secrecy. Samples: A tele-
gram reporting. the loss of the battleship Ali-
:wins. at Pearl Harbor. A design for a sling-shot
device for harmlessly detonating German rock-
eta during World War H. An analysis of Argen-
.Una!s? mothods of selecting officers. And a
bulky report on the railroad route S of the Bal-
kan Peninsula.
^ Partly because the disclosures are so unsen-
sational, the declassification project is kicking
-up controversy. Some 'researches, including
Williams College historian James MacGregor
Uerpiresikr4tta,1 order 4,1g.eanit,g
';e2tik. WreAgarSkr Mittazse ZUM1340 /04
,headache for archivists: how to speedily whit-
Ale down all the secrets without imperiling as.-
eves rt esm cab. fro^
?
Ahem. Until now, their main 37o14 been sin-1-
ply to preserve. 30 billion pages of federal rec-
ords and a smattering of objects ranging from
'Ethiopian ceremonial swords to a couple of
.preserved human fingers (lest. by Americans to
-.Mexican bandits).
Inside the 'Archives' imposing classical-
Creek building hero, most documents are open
to the public. They're either on display, like the
Declaration of Independence, or easily accessi-
..-ble4,Iike millions of Civil War paper.
But the ArchiVes also contain about 470 mil-
lion pages of classified documents, and these
:are the targets of the presidential order; it pro-
vides, with sortie exceptions, for the automatic
'declassification of all documents 80 years of
"age or older. The goal is th open up nearly all
World War II records by 1975, leaving only the
?early postwar and Korean Wm: documents to
declassify later. (The Archives' secret war ma-
Aerial stops at 1954. More recent material is
:-Icept hi the departments where it originates.)
A Depth of Detail
?? When finished, the project will have materi-
ally enriched knowledge of recent American
'history, experts say. "The new data probably
won't change any interpretations,'' .says Edwin
Thompson, head of the rchives' declassifies-
,
:tion program. ''But it will give us nuances and
a depth of detail we've never had before."
- To begin the work, the Archives this June
.got a ' $1,2 million . appropriation to hire. 100
?.extra people, and in recent weeks declassifies-
,ion teams have begun penetrating the Ar-
'chives' dozen tight-security rooms, entrance to
which is restricted even for archivists.
Typical of these is Mr. Simmons' cramped
.cubicle, cluttered with numbered boxes. Rarely
Interrupted, Mr. Simmons blinks in surprise as
the door clanks open and a visitor' strolls in, es-
corted by a senior archivist (one cif three per-
sons who knows the combination to Mr. Sim-
mons' door). Bemused, Mr. Simmons puts
?
.aside the task he has been hard at for years:
Indexing the Warren Commission records.
Nearby, in containers, are Lee Harvey Os-
wald's rifle and personal articles of the Ken-
nedy brothers that re related to their assassi-
nations.
Always on guard, M17. Simmons permits no
casual visitor to see these items. Only nine
years old, the stilbrestricted -Warren Commis-
,sion records won't be subject to 'automatic de-
classification for another 21 years. And the
Hennedys' personal' effects aren't subject to
the declassification project at all; they're kept
locked up .under a separate policy. But onei
'aisle away begin rows of State Department pa-
pers dating back to World War IT that will
'shortly he scrutinized by the declassifiers.
How- the Declassifiers Work
How the declassifiers work' can be glimpsed,
at the Federal Records Center in nearby Suit-
land, Md., where the spillover from the Ar-
chives'', main building is kept. In two large
vaults, protected by combination locks changed
'every three weeks, archivists and special
Army teams are making the first inroads on
the Army's 30,000. cubic feet .of. World War II
'secrets. ?
In one vault, "where the more routine secrets
are kept, the teams are engaged in "bulk de-
: G A-IRDFISW.04601
.ciaissification." The archivists take samples
civoi-8
tents to indicate the sensittn.Pg2b.o..qop
-gories of clots:. If the papers plucked out seem
STATI NTL
bOntihunri
Luiza
Approvedfor Release 20021003/041941A-RDP80-0,160.1
The Eagleton Tragedy
? By JAMES RESTON
The Eagleton Case dramatizes once
more the need for a coherent policy
of checking the medical records of men
and women who are being considered
for positions of great power. Senator
Eagleton is not the cause but only the
latest example and victim of a much
more serious national problem.
At the critical levels of government
below the Presidency, Vice-Presidency
.and the Cabinet, for example, it is rec-
., ognized that high officers of the armed
V services and key officials of the Cen-
tral Intelligence, Atomic Energy, Space
and other sensitive agencies must be
carefully checked out physically and
mentally before they are given access
to "top secret" information.
And also, human frailty and temp-
tation being what they are these days,
it is recognized that these checks, not
by the officials' own doctors but by
medical boards representing the na-
tional interest, should continue regu-
larly during a man's service, lest his
health and stability deteriorate under
the savage physical and mental pres-
.sures .of high office.
. Yet there is no such mandatory proc-
ess for the people at the very pin-
,nacie of executive power. - On the
published records, Senator Eagleton
,probably could not pass the tests if
they were given. For the scientists who
Work on atomic weapons, there is such
a (Clear and hard test, but for the Presi-
dent or Vice President, who have the
ultimate power of using atomic weap-
ons, there is none..
It is easy to be sympathetic to
Eagleton, but he is in trouble because
of a recklessly irresponsible system,
which no sensible corporation or even.
professional football team could ? af-
ford to tolerate.
? The interesting thing about this is:
? Why do we forget the elemental les-
sons . of the past? Why rely in such
Important matters on the valuable but
accidental and often imprecise dis-
closures of newspaper reponters, or
the reassurances of Eagleton and Mc-
? Govern, who are obviously more con-
cerned with the political than with the
.11MOSIMIIMMINI946.1n160109148..ITOW:ry?temzs.11
WASHINGTON
STATINTL ?.
'the United States was a major world ? Maybe the Republic , can bear this
Power with Presidential and Vice-Presi- human compassion in the Supreme
dentin! control over weapons that Court and the Congress--4-though even
could determine the destiny of the there it is highly questionable?but at
human race. . the level of the Presidency and the
The irony of this problem of health, Vice-Presidency in this age of atomic
politics and.power is that it has been weapons abroad and human violences
so obvious for so long without any and political assassination at home,
effective remedy or defense. Woodrow the present system is wildly out of
Wilson was paralyzed in his bed in date.
the White, House and deceived the
Senators who came to check on his
condition by keeping the paralyzed
side of his body under the bedcovers.
Franklin . Roosevelr.s health was a
vague underground issue in 'the 1944
Presidential campaign, but the issue
was left to his personal doctor. He
reassured everybody that everything
was all right with Mr. Roosevelt, who'
died a few months after taking his
fourth term in the White House.
Henry Wallace was dumped by
Roosevelt as his third-term Vice Pres-
ident on vague charges that he was
an ideological and psychological prob-
lem?though most of Wallace's eco-
nomic and foreign-policy ideas have
now been adopted by President Nixon
"?and the whole tragic history of the
last World War, including the genocide
of the Jews in Germany and the ex-
termination of millions of human
beings in the Soviet Union, is now
being ,blamed in large part on the'
psychological derangements of Hitler
and Stalin: ' ?
No analogy with Eagleton is in-,
tended here; only the clear and un-
avoidable fact that men with the
power of peace or war should be
checked objectively before they are
nominated and elected?and checked
regularly thereafter.
There is no such system now. If
there' had been, Eagleton would have
known that he would have had to sub-'
mit to an objectiVe report of his
medical record, and might not even be
able to pass the test of a general Army
officer for "top secret" clearance,
But this. is the fault of the system,
Medical facts; or even, why rely on
a system that is very compassionate
Eagleton's doctors, who are now put
to human beings whose age and health
in the awkward position of being
interfere with the efficient execution
dragged before the press to pass judg-
of their work. It tolerates Supreme
meat on Eagleton's health without be-
Court justices who are in serious ill
ing able to disclose, at Eagleton's re-
health or who are even almost blind,
quest, their original, objective reports
elders of .the House and Senate who
of the facts? preside over the powerful committees
This is obviously an absurd situation,
of the Congress when,. by hard work.'
but it is not primarily the fault of
and too many years, they have stag-
? Eagleton or McGovern. It is the fault
gered down into senility and lost their
of a process which is clearly out of
date and was irresponsible long before "a."
_ . . .
Eagleton and McGovern therefore.
are not really to blame for the present
mess, which nobody, including Pres': ?
dent Nixon, would defend as sensible
or responsible. And the question-now,
after this latest dramatic evidence of
the realities, is whether the system will
be changed or forgotten, as it was
after all the serious questions raised
by the illnesses of Woodrow Wilson,
Franklin Roosevelt epd Lyndon John-
son.
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ASH 1 Nt;?VULN
18 JUL 1972 -gifF64,1d-61
Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-Ruig
7
dr .)eirLaP
By Sanford J; Ungar
Washington Past Staff Writer
? LOS ANGELES, ? July 17?
The defense - in the Pentagon
Papers case, fighting to ex-
clude from the jury all people,
Who have ever held security
clearances, filed affidavits in
federal court here today con
tending that such people could -
not judge the case fairly.
"Cleared employees of de-
fense contractors are defi-
nitely afraid of. losing their se-
curity elearances if they do
not accept and demonstrate
support for eacji procedural
rule pertaining to the han-
dling of material bearing clas-
sification 41-larking," said Wil-
liam G. Florence, a retired Air
Force security expert, in his
affidavit.
? As jury selection in the con-
spiracy, espionage and theft
trial of .Daniel Ellsberg and
?Anthony Russo entered its sec-
ond week today, defense law-
yers continued to insist that
-persons with security .clear-
imees might- be afraid to vote.
'for acquittal, lest their liveli-
hoods be threatened. . ? ?
The . charges arise out of -
Ellsberg's .and Ru.sso's.
sure of the Pentagon Papers, a
history of U.S. inVolvement in
,SOutheast Asia, which., were
stamped "top secret-sensitive"
at the time and still. will be
when seen by the jury.
Refusal by judge
U.S. District Court Judge W.
Matt Byrne Jr. has repeatedly
refused. to quiz prospective ju-
rors on how they would react
to the secrecy stamps or
whether they feel they might
endanger their jobs with a
verdict that renounces the se-
curity classification system.
Today's affidavits were part
of a defense effort to change
the judge's mind.
Florence, who is serving as
an Ellsberg consultant for the
ease, said that those who. un-
dergo "security indoctrina-
tion" by the Air Force "have
exceptionally strong ? convic-
tions about the sanctity of a
classification marking on a
document."_
?
((NIT .11
?
b I
Bernard Brodie, a former
staff member at the Penta-
gon-oriented Rand Corporad
tion - in Santa Monica?where
Ellsberg was working when he
and Russo photocopied the
papers ? said in his affidavit
that -"those who hold high se-
curity clearances form a vir-
tual. priesthood, from which
common people are excluded."
Morton H. Halperin, a for-
mer National Security Council
and Defense Department aide
also serving as a consultant to
Ellsberg here, observed in an-
other affidavit that "a juror
with a clearance will be under
great pressure not to condone
a violation of the procedures
which he has been trained .to
follow." -
One prospective juror, Ter-
rance 0. Meadows Jr.., an
engineering manager at a
North American Rockwell
plant, dramatized the defense
argument when he told the
court today that he could not
describe a military project.
on which be once had a top-
secret clearance because "it's
still top-secret."
. The defense will contend
during the trial that the Pen-
tagon Papers were not prop-
erly' classified and that once a
copy of them was deposited
with the Rand Corporation,
they were subject to "special
security arrangements" more
lenient than in most instances.
Continues Questioning
Byrne continued' his individ-
ual inteerogation of prospec-
tive jurors in the case today
and was told by Andrew L.
Gram, 'a retired _Los Angeles
city official, that "there are a
lot of things that are awfully
dull that I don't like to read."
That was a rely to I3yrne's
standard question- . about
I whether the potential jurors
are willing to read substantial
parts of the Pentagon Papers.
when they are put into cvi-?
denee.
Grainy when asked for his
views about the war in Viet-
nam, gave a five-minute talk
about why. he had originally
been "vehemently against it"
;but was now "reconcilted" to
His willingness to talk at
length 'about the war took the
courtroom by surprise, since
many prospective jurors have
been reluctant to do so.
More characteristic was
Paul Clearwater, who was also.
questioned ? today and said I
about the Vietnam war, "I'
think it's an unfortunate set of
circumstances that gote us in-
volved: That's about it."
Today's examination of one
person, Richard D. Duenekel,
who formerly served as an in-
telligence officer in the Army
security agency, took over an
hour.
Duenckel said that he occa-
sionally consults a 00-page"
security manual in the course
of his job at the Lockheed
Aircraft Corporation and that
he has a distaste ?for the
United States' "non-win philo-
sophy" in Vietnam.
Another member of.the jury
panel, Minnie B. Overland,
NS dismissed today after she
complained to ByllIC that it
was too far for her to travel
to downtown Los. Angeles
every day frem her home in
San Bernardino, about 70.
miles to the east.
STATI NTL
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STATINTL
Approved For Release 96K6494i,Mfkg0??PrtLa0200130001-8
17 June 1972
Mr, Philip L. Geyelin
Editorial Page Editor
THE WASHINGTON POST
Washington, D. C. 20005
Dear Mr. Geyelin:
On 16 June 1972 you published an article by Mr. Alan.
Barth, entitled "Free Speech, Security and the CIA", which
discusses the case of Victor L. Marchetti. This is a case in
which the Government has Obtained an .injunction requiring
Mr. Marchetti to comply with his contractual undertaking that
he would submit any material having to do with intelligence for.
review by the Central Intelligence Agency as to whether it con-
tained classified information relating to the national security.
Mr, Barth cites the injunction order in part, but by
omitting certain parts he distorts the impact of the order
and thereby also distorts the nature of the case. In enjoining
Mr. Marchetti from further breaching the terms and conditions
of his secrecy agreement, the order has two provisos:
Provided, however, that this Injunction shall not
apply to any information, the release of which has
been authorized in accordance with the terms and
conditions of the aforesaid contract, and Provided,
further, that this Injunction shall apply only with
respect to information obtained by said defendant
by reason of his employment under the aforesaid
secrecy agreement and which has not been placed in
the public domain by the United States.
The Order then continues:
FURTIER ORDERED:
That the defendant shall submit to the Central Intelligence
Agency, for examination 30 days in advance of release to
any person or corporation, any manuscript, article, or
essay, or other writing, factual, fictional or otherwise,
elease 200110304: CIA-Rpf80-01601R000200130001-8
",'*77177,ti91, ,r01-5:FgW).
'
./
TIE CialISTIAN CENTURY
Approved For Release 2ddliti31134"! diA2RDP1E0-9160-91-R0
i he Feclera 7:Jove nmeoi;-:
? . r
T.
1 0 i
He 3nocr ?
In the name of 'national:security,' thousands of employees and app icants .
are probed annually in regard to the most intimate details of their lives.
SOLVEIG tiGGERZ STATINTL
4' DO YOU BELIEVE. in God? Do you love your
other? How frequently do you urinate? Do you
Have satisfactory sex relations? 'Fhose are questions
that most people consider highly personal and
private, questions strangers have no business asking.
But they are precisely the kind of questions that will
be put to you if you happen to work for the federal
government, and answering them is part of the price
you pay. for a job that promises security and regular
promotions.
It is not generally known that Washington hires
thousands of psychologists to investigate every nook
and cranny of the employee's thoughts and atti-
tudes. The assumption is that his answers to ques-
tions regarding attitudes on sex, religion and family
life reveal whether the individual is "normal" or
"deviate" and determine his "suitability for em-
ployment." Hence, in the name of "national secu-
rity," thousands or employees and applicants are
.probed annually on the most intimate details of
their lives. They are asked to "be truthful with the
government" about ? things they would not disclose
to their best friends. But, to ensure truthfulness,
they are strapped to lie detectors and subjectedto a
whole battery of psychological tests. Not only is such
a psyche probe humiliating. Since it strips the
person of all his secrets, it shatters his dignity.
'Harnessed to a Polygraph
Recently, a young college graduate applying for a
job with the National Security Agency (NSA) was
,asked, while harnessed to a polygraph, to answer the
following among other qUestions: ?
When was the first time you had sexual relations. with a
? woman?
Have you ever engaged in sexual activity with an animal?
When was-the first time you had sexual intercourse with
your wife?
Did you have sexual intercourse with her before mar-
? riage? How many times?
And .an 18-year-Old college sophomore applying for
a summer job as secretary was questioned. on the
details ,of her relationship with her boyfriend. For
example: "Did he abuse you? Did he do anything
unnatural to you? You didn't get pregnant, did you?
There's kissing, and petting, and intercourse; and
after that, did he force you to do anything to him or
did he do anything to you?"
Approximately 20,000 lie-detector tests are given
annnally in I q federal agencies. The defense depart-
ment alone administers some. 12,000 such tests per
year. The NSA and the CIA are exempt ? from
furnishing statistics, but they are rumored to give
about 9,000. Presumably, the results of the tests
remain confidential. But there is much evidence to
the contrary. A woman employee of the defense
department, already cleared to handle .military se-
crets, was due for a promotion. But rather than take
a lie-detector test she passed up the chance, because
she had .heard that the polygraph operators were
notorious gossips about their subjects' reactions to
questions on intimate sexual matters. It seems in-
deed that an applicant's or employee's results follow
him for the rest of his career. For instance, a. young
Vietnam veteran, seeking a job in federal law
enforcement, was asked in the course of his test to
describe his life in Vietnam, including the names of
all of the girls with whom he had had sexual
relations. He did not take the job. Later on, how-
ever, he applied for work with the Washington
metropolitan police force ? and was turned down.
Among the reasons given by an official was the lie-
detector test he had taken earlier. He then applied
to the interior departinent's park service, which
tested him extensively. But again the original test
caught up with hint; he was asked questions based
on it. In the end he was refused a job. The
department, he was told, had "too much informa-
tion on him."
Polygraph tests in the federal government are
generally ?administered by .polygraph technicians
rather than by trained psychologists. Not v,ithout
cause, it is widely believed that these technicians
enjoy a high degree of professional rapport and
share confidences with each other. As for strictly
psychological tests, the Civil Service ,Commission
forbids inquiries into the intimate life of employees.
But a loophole in the commission's directive permits
Approved Fo.r Release 2001/03/04 CPAckljPetrj016011R00010013000148a medical
Ms. Eggcrz, a native of Iceland, is a Washington-based free- examination. It is rumored ? that government agen-
lance writer. - ? cies frequently send employees they intend to retire ?
. STATINTL
Approved For Release nounroti :PCIA-RDP80-01601R
8 JUN 1972
Als er
rt to
Leak FAX
sks
?
?
Rtiko. "were singled out for
praccUtion according to a
principle of selection which is
invidious, discriminatory and
cmiltitutionally imperrnissable."
Shbmitting an advance "of-
fer-of proof" as required by
the ',judge, Nesson and Goodell
fildd an affidavit with the
couit.:indicating for the first
time :The number of witnesses
and; the nature .of their po-
s
T. affidavit also included
exanwles of the testimony that
won40 be given:
veteran Washington car-
resP"ondent: "The government
regqids information ala classi-
fied. nature as ammunition to
be iired, not as secrets to be
guarded. . . . I see documents
' classified secret- or top secret
i: 4t regular basis. Often I
dona, even know the source of
the- documents myself. They
are. made available through
Intermediaries."
? A former. government of-
ficial: "Everybody takes top
secret papers home. I did it
constantly even though the
regulations said it shouldn't be
done."
S. A Washington correspoti-
dent: "I don't think there is
anything particularly illegal
or illegitimate about it, butt
let's face it, most of the time
gov:.>.rnment uses the press for
their own purposes. Usually
the system of which they are
now complaining is the system
they use." .
? A former White House
aide: "I was one of thos
whose function it was to brief
newspaPermen. It was one of
my jobs at the White House
to leak classified information.
?
?? By Sanford J. Ungar
Washington Post Staff Writer
(j.i()S ANGELES, June 7 ?
? Ldwyers for Daniel Ellsberg
and . Anthony Russo, charged
with 'violating the law by dis-
closing the top secret Pentagon
. ? . Papers last year, today offered
to provide 17 expert witnesses
who would, testify in federal
. court here that such alleged
yiolations of the law routinely
. occur in Washington every day.
' The witnesses include a cur-
rent Member of Congress, three
.former White House staff mem-
"bers,', one former presidential
"confidante," a former member
of the CIA, four'otiker ex-gov-
ernment officials, five working
_) journalists, a ' diplomatic his-
torian and a former official of
? the 'National Archives.
Pressing U.S. District Court
Judge. W. Matt Byrne Jr. to
hold a full evidentiary hearing
? on their motion to dismiss the
? ? indictment against Ellsberg
- and Russo, attorneys Charles
? NessOn and Charles Goodell,
a former Republican senator
from:New York, said their wit-
nesses. could detail regular
? traffic in secret documents.
The witnesses' names were
kept.. secret, pending Byrne's
decision whether to hold the
' hearing, which government
. prosecutors contend is inap-
proPriate at this .stage of the
case.
??Onices close to the. case
Batt:however, that the con-
grOsthan is Rep. William S.
Moqrhead (D-Pa.), and that the
otliers include Arthur Schles-
ingr, a former aide to Presi-
deDt Kennedy; Morton H.
HalDerin, a former Defense
DelNulment and White House
ofKial; Robert Manning, a
? fof*ner assistant secretary of
stat, and now editor of The
Atlantic Monthly, and William
GAlorence, a retired security
, elal`sification expert for the
? Alt:Force.
tfile dcAourcnicstis Ftlyit
tho.te?stimorvivouia-bz? relev-
anttto show that Ellsberg and
We did it all the time.
? A diplomatic historian:
blelffstglfatg4iblA-RDP80-01601R000200130001-8
was given c r
sonal papers of Dean Ache-
If
son. Those papers consisted Of
approximately two file draw-
ers of higialy classified and
exceedingly sensitive docu-
ments taken from the State
Department by Dean Acheson
and stored by him in his (law
office). .I was given full access
to these voluminous paps ?
without any condition of re-
oeiving a security clearance.'
? A former foreign corres-
pondent: "For a. period of time
I was given access to the daily
CIA bulletin, which iS classi-
fied top secret- They knew
that I had access and they
found out who it was in CIA
giving it to me. Eventually,
they transferred that person.
He was never prosecuted."
The points made in the Nes-
son-Goodell affidavit were
similar to those advanced last
summer by The New York
Times, The Washington Post
and other newspapers sued by
the Justice Department for
publishing articles based on
the Pentagon Papers, a his-
tory of American involvement
in Southeast Asia.
The Supreme Court even-
tually ruled that the newspap-
ers were entitled to print the
articles, since the disclosures
did not endanger 'national se-
curity.
Byrne withheld a ruling on
' the defense request for an
evidentiary hearing, pending
a government response to the
affidavit which is due on Fri-
day.
In courtroom argument to:
day, the defense insisted that
in order to convict Ellsberg
and Russo of violating the
espionage act, as charged, the
government must prove that
the defendants had the "in-
tent" to harm the United
States and to help a foreign
nation, ?
But the prosecutors in the
case claim that the specific
sections of the act under which
Ellsberg and Russo are charged
do not require proof of that in-
tent.
In another development to-
day the judge denied two de-
fense motions.
One sought dismissal Of the
entire indictment because it
as not signed by Robert
leyer, the U.S. attorney here
at the time it was issued. The
other sought dismissal of those
counts in t h e indictment
charging Ellsberg and Russo
with theft of government prop-
la?LT NUM 1;2-NS 'AMERICAN
Approved For Release 2Qp1figgi0142: CIA-RDP80-01601R
Secrecy Curtailment
Seen ost Ineffective
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS
WASHINGTON L President
Nixon's executive order design-
ed to limit secrecy in govern-
ment is now in effect.
However, correspondents and
congressmen who have been
fighting ap uphill battle against
the problem are pessimistic
about the results it will achieve.
The order, signed last March
and .put into effect slime 1,
reduces the numbet of bureau-
crats who can wield the top se-
cret, secret and confidential
stamps. ?
In theory, all 10-year-old top
secret papers, all 8-year-old se-
cret documents and all 6-year-
old confidential material are
now available for public perusal.
In practice, you must know
which secret you want to see
before you can ask for it Your
next_ step is to ask the depart-
ment involVed to let you see it.
The person who classified it can
decide whether to release it or
not.
If he rules against you, you
can appeal to a departmental
committee. If it turns you down,
you can go to .the newly created
Inter-Agency Classification Re?
view Committee. And if it says
no, you can cary you case to
the federal courts ?.- if you have
the money and time.
? The presidential order was ?put
forward to placate Congress af-
ter the furor stirred up by the
Pentagon papers.
But Rep, William S. Moorhead
(d-Pa.) charges that the order
will make little diflerence ? be-
cause it is "unworkable, un-
manageable and filled with
technical defects and massive
loopholes."
AT IN
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STATI NTL
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5 JIM 1.972
AAP Files Amicus Brief firEx-CIA Agent
estrakieii frim Writin Boik tn Agency
The Association of American Pub-
lishers last week filed a friend of the
court brief on behalf of a former Central
Intelligence Agency agent who has been
restrained by a Federal Court order from
publishing a nonfiction b.:Sok based on his
experiences with the CIA.
Victor L. Marchetti, who resigned in
1969 after 14 years with the CIA, is the
author of the novel "The Rope Dancer"
(Grosse! & Dunlap), published last fall, a
fictionalized account of an agent who
became disenchanted with his organiza-
tion because he felt it was out of step with
the times. Ernest Tidyman, who won an
Oscar for his screenplay "The French
Connection," has an option to make
"The Rbpe Dancer" into a movie.
But the target of the Justice Depart-
?
?
mcnt restraining order, which was grant-
ed by Judge Albert V. Bryan Jr. in the
U.S. District Court at Alexandria, Va., is
a still-to-be-written book based on fact
for which Marchetti has a contract with
Alfred A. Knopf.
The government maintains that
Marchetti is bound by a secrecy
agreement he signed both on joining and
leaving the CIA.
The Justice Department contends that
the case does not involve Marchetti's
protection under the First Amendment
to disseminate his writings free of prior
restraint by the government.
The AAP, however, argues that
"neither Marchetti's prior government
employment nor any contract signed by
him can be considered as a waiver of
his?or
rights."
Contending that Judge Bryan went far
beyond what the government requested
in the injunction, the AAP brief states:
"... Virtually since its founding, the
role of the CIA in American foreign pol-
icy has been the subject of considerable
public interest and controversy. Obvi-
ously, Mr. Marchetti could be in a posi-
tion to make public material which could
be of immense help in clarifying and
sharpening these issues of legitimate
public concern..."
In granting the government's perma-
nent injunction, Judge Bryan wrote that
"in the opinion of the court, the contract
(with the CIA) takes the case out of the
scope of the first.amendment..."
the public's?Constitutional
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YI12 NEW YORKER STATINTL
Approved For Release 2001M4190A-RDP80-01601R0
Idt , p
- - : ?
OF IL
LTHOUGH John
Service, a retired
diplomat of .six-
ty-two, usually enjoys ?
good health and good
spirits, he has been forced
to think, periodically dur-
ing the past twenty-sev-
en years, about how his
newspaper obituaries will
begin. They will say that
he was accused of espio-
nage in the celebrated
Amerasia case toward
the end of the Second
World War, and they
will also contain a middle
name, Stewart, which he
almost never uses. Ser-
vice, who has been ab- ,?
solved:countless times of
espionage or any other
crime by various bodies,
including the Supreme
Court.? of the United .
States (though not including the China
Lobby), recently told a friend in
Berkeley, California, where he lives?
with, considering all he has gone
through, remarkable equanimity?that
he has had three lives. For most of the
first life, between his birth, in 1909,
and 1945, he Was in China, engaged
in studies on his own behalf and on his
country's. For one recent, heady six-
and-a-half-week stretch of the third
life, which began in 1962 and has also
been dedicated to China studiq, Ser-
vice was back in China. During the
greater part of the seventeen years that
.:intervened, owing to the unremitting
harassment of Senator Joseph R. Mc-
Carthy and like-minded bullies Service
lived in limbo. Both before and after
his banishment from responsible gov-
ernmental affairs, Service talked ex-
tensively with the highest Communist
Chinese leaders, and during the Sec-
ond World War he was one of a very
few American diplomats whom Mao
Tse-tung and Chou En-lai knew well.
The fact that this man, whom the fu-
ture rulers of Peking grew to like and
trust, was quiet, dignified, candid, com-
passionate, and that he represented the
very best in America, could have been
most helpful to our country. Indeed,
history might have taken a different
turn if anybody in power in Washing-
ton had JAW ISQMeds FR& tRe I efa
his 1944- and 1945 conversations with
the Communist chiefs, and some of his
John Service
saying then that, no matter what hopes
anybody entertained about China's fu-
ture, and no matter how much any-
one might wish to :see Chiang Kai-
slick retain control of a unified China,
in the struggle between Chiang and
the Communists Chiang was certain to
lose. That Service was correct his later
detractors considered irrelevant; they
could not perceive the difference be-
tween predicting an eventuality and
preferring it. Among some of the cru-
eller jabs at Service, in his years of
limbo, was the allegation that he was
somehow personally responsible for the
deaths of American boys in the Korean
war.. The fact is that if he had been
listened to, and the United States had
taken a realistic view. of China and its
Communists, there might not have been
any Korean war. Moreover, Service,
though he rarely dwells on his stressful
past, has suggested that if anyone in .a
position of authority roughly a quarter
of a century ago had reflected on what
he and other knowledgeable China
hands were reporting, there might not
have been any Taiwan problem, either.
"Mao's China, having come to power
in a different way and not thrust into
isolation by a hostile West, might be
quite a different place," he wrote not
long 'ago.. "It might be one for in-
stance where Chinese-American aing-
enaCiA033/44QO
instead of being a world-shaking event."
A couple of months ago, a .Japanese
to summarize his feelings
about the whole tangled
course of relations, be-
tween the United States
and contemporary China,
and he replied, simply, "I
think we missed a great
opportunity."
SER VICE, known to most
McCarthyites exclu-
sively as John Stewart but
to most of his friends as
Jack, was born in Cheng-
tu, in the southwestern
province of Szechwan, on
August 3, 1909. His par-
ents, Robert Roy and ?
Grace Boggs Service, had
gone to China four years
earlier to work for the
Young Men's Christian
Association. At the begin-
ning of the century, the
Y.M.C.A. had something of the ap-
peal to young people that the Peace
Corps was to have sixty years later.
Robert and Grace had met as under-
graduates at the Berkeley branch of
the University of California, and for ?
much of their long stay in China they
were supported by the college .Y, which
was then an extracurricular institution
of substance. There is? no Y on the
Berkeley campus today?and none. in
China, either?but when Jack Service
was a bay the ?Y.M.C.A. was very
big over there. In 1912, Robert Roy
Service had his picture taken at the
Nanking Y with Sun Yat-sen. The
missionaries not only tried to teach
the Chinese about the Western world.
and, sometimes no more than incl..'
dentally, about Christianity but, with
much greater success, taught them.
ping-pong.
Robert Roy Service established the
first Y.M.C.A. in Chengtu. The city,'
which was laid. out like Peking, with. a
sacrosanct inner city and stout exterior
waits, and which was the capital of a
province of some seventy million people
and bOasted a resident viceroy of the
Emperor, an arsenal, and a mint, had
never been designated a treaty port, so
it harbored almost no Western busi-
nessmen. Of its population of half
a million there were only about a
1OR0041200y1190,94r? and of
these, one-third of whom were Ameri-
can, nearly all belonged to missionary,,COntlat
WALL ST.T.771 JG1'2ZITAL
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- , , -- ? , = . - ? , . - . . istrators say they have nowhere near the re- court, for example, required them to reinstat
..
If You T/T7 ant to Work sources to make security checks on the nearly
, one million persons who each year bid for U.S. a, Socialist as a mailman.
? The government had fired the mailman o
jobs. (The government now makes such checks
only after appointment for the roughly 300,000
persons hired annually for routine, or "nonsen-
sitive," posts.) .
But federal officials argue that something subversive nature hadn't been proven. Not onl,
must be ,done. Only seven U.S. employes have did the man get his job back but also othe
been fired for disloyalty since 1956; and none ? members of the party have since become lette
sine 1966?and officials insist the figures don't carriers, too?a development that clearly up
Of Pranksters, Subversives; tell the facts. The officials say post-appoint- sets government men.
? IS Your Mailman a Socialist? . ment loyalty checks have deteriorated into ,
So the Nixon administration is moving n
For the Got)ernment,
Hide That Dart Board
* * *.
Bureaucrats Try to Curb Hiring
the ground he was a member of the Sedan::
Workers Party, included on the Attorney Ger
eral's 24-year-old list of allegedly subversiv
organizations. The court ruled that the party'
By ELLIoT CARLSON
staff Reporter of THE 1VALr. STREET JOURNAL acts or other specific kinds of misconduct, The ity from the beginning, since the Attorney Gen
WASHINGTON?Whatever fate awaits Dan.. courts no longer recognize past or present
eral was both prosecutor and judge in deter
lel Ellsberg, one thing seems sure: He'll never membership in "stbversive" groups as suffi-
mining which groups should be listed. To rem
edy this, President Nixon recently transferrec
greater responsibility for the list to the Subver,
sive Activities Control Board, which' is outsich
the executive branch. The administration my,
seeks legislation ,to give the board subpoena,
? c9 mere formalities because recent court, rulings
have held that federal jobholders may 'be fired upgradehe legal standing of the subversive
roup list. Courts have questioned its crectibii
on security grounds only for actual criminal F
wangle another federal job. cient, grounds for separation from nonsensitive
And, partly because of Mr. Ellsberg, a lot of jobs.
federal job applicants may find the obstacles.: "Some Close Calls"
higher before long. Stung by such celebrated "Radical. groups are actively urging their
leaks as the Pentagon Papers (for whose members to enter industry and government,"
lease Mr. Ellsberg has been indicted) anti dis- , frets Kimbell Johnson, director of the Civil Ser. contempt and judicial-review powers. It would
mayed by assorted lesser acts of employe ef- vice Conimission bureau of personnel investi_ then use them to investigate groups for possi-
frontery (using President Nixon's picture as a gations. "We've had some close calls." ble listing.
dart, beard, for instance), the bureaucracy is Meanwhile, federal personnel men are
circling up the wagons. weighing administrative changes that would
"We're faced with an unprecedented prob- submit candidates for supervisory, managerial
lem," says Robert Mardian, assistant Attorney or fiduciary jobs to a "full field investigation,"
General. Not only are "revolutionary terror- including interviews with neighbors and em..
ists" finding it easier. to infiltrate the bureau- ployers and inquiries into past associations.
cracy, he maintains, but "we're getting more These intensive investigations now are limited
people in government who feel they should be to the relatively few persbns seeking highly
ruled by a sense of conscience" rather than by sensitive jobs.
? More ? controversial, the contemplated
changes would require all. new emplo-yes to
meet an "affirmative" standard requiring that
their continued employment ."will promote-the
efficiency of the service." This. means bureau-
crats could be removed at the end of a proba-
tionary period for failing to exhibit Certain per-
sonal qualities?respect for authority, for ex-
'an-Tie-41ot now considered in firing workers.
And 'presumably, past and present political as-
sociations could be weighted in, too.
? "We'Ve got to do a better job of predicting
the future behavior of our employes," says the
Civil Service Commission's Mr. Johnson. He
maintains that persons removed under the pro-
posed changes "wouldn't be stigmatized as dis-
loyal, since we.'d simply be making employabil-
ity judgments." And he says the beauty of the
changes is that "we'd be freed from having to
come up with enormous .evidence of wrongdo-
ing."
To critics, that's exactly the danger. The
trouble, says Lawrence Speiser, a Washington
civil liberties lawyer, is that the investigations
will wind up being done by bureaucrats who
can't "distinguish between disloyalty and dis.
retaliation from superiors for their political sent." That "would inhibit the free expression
views. of government employes?and future govern-
But some administration officials fervently? ment employes,' he says. "You'd end up with
believe that even persons who engage in ern- a mediocre civil service."
barrasing antics must be viewed as potential Thomas Emerson, a Yale law professor,
threats to the nation's security. Some indepen- argues that the government should worry more
dent observers concur. "In today's climate, about finding competent people to do the job
ticularly obnoxious. "Patriotic- breastbeating , there is no government position.which is net and less about loyalty and security. Perfect se-
will always be offensive to your more thought- sensitive," declares Charles B. Rice, a law curity will always be unattainable, he says,
ful persons," contends James Heller, chairinan professor at Notre Dame. "Who, but the janitor "Look how gung ho Daniel Ellsberg was
? of the Washington office of the American Civil would know better the location of air-condition- when he first entered the government," he
Liberties Union: "They (the -"oaths) don't en- ing? ducts in which to place explosives?" muses. "Ellsberg would have passed any by-
courage loyalty, just resentment. Nor would U.S. security men. squelched the appoint- ,alty test with flying colors."
they catch anyone who's intent on being a ment of the SDS woman on the ground that her
problem.',' ?
? ? Nixon adrAppromediFor166 Rateaso,,,,, -? 1-16nit4th?g146PCIPAtMed R000200130001-8
are cool.to the Ichord-Preyer bill. Government lucky. A decision last fall of a U$.. district
lawyers doubt its constitutionality, and admin-1
For example, he says, one California. stu-
dent seemed headed for a high-paying job as a
government mathematician. But shortly* before
her job became official, she.was. arrested for
allegedly swerving a car into the path of a Dow
Chemical Co. truck, causing it to overturn.
Only then did the goyernment.discover she was
a member of the Students for a Democratic So-
ciety, a radical group whose members the gov-
whit the bureaucracy expects of them. - ernment would prefer not to employ. It also
Of course, not everyone is as worried as Mr. learned the details of an earlier arrest. In that
Mardian. Nor would everyone call an employe
case, the government alleged she confronted
who persists in following his conscience a Gen. Maxwell Taylor at a speech and shot red-
,"problem." But liberal critics and the courts
ink at him from a squirt gun: (The truck case
,willing, the Nixon administration and some
never came to an ultimate verdict in the
conservative Congressmen aim to drastically
coil rts but in the squirt gun incident -the, girl
revise security procedures, thus screening out : r..- ? '
was fined Po for disorderly conduct.)
all but the most "reliable" applicants. Some
current developments: . So far, U.S. officials report no rise in activi-
-U.S. personnel men are considering a plan
ties actually treasonable, but they do see a
i
that would subject some prospective civil ser-1 steady increase in "embarrassing" antics.
Vants to much more probing, investigations be-i Some civil servants were recently caught using
fore hiring anci. make certain ethers more vul, pictures of President Nixon in their offices as
: nerable to firisg later. : dart boards, for example. Also cited are the
r' ?The Nixon administration wants to give many "anti-establishment and anti-Nixon"
the controversial Subversive Activities Control posters in government offices. Particularle.
Board powers that could damage the prospects galling was the young but high-level civil ser-
.
. rof applicants with radical, backgrounds. vant who organized a training seminar for goy-
-And two Democratic Congressmen,- Rich- ernment interns; it consisted of various slides,
., .
,-ard Ichord of Missouri and Richardsen Preyer many stamped "---- Nixon."
of North Carolina, are proposing that all U.S. Many persons argue that , such deviltry is
job applicants be subject to security checks
and swear an oath to support the Constitution. relatively harmless, at Aeast as long as it is
confined to .persons in "nonsensitive" posts.
1/4.13atrlotic Breastbeating" They make the further point that one function
1 Congressional hearings on both the adminis- of Civil Service is to insulate bureaucrats from
tration proposal and the Ichord-Preyer mea-
sure concluded thisoweek. All three proposals
have aroused strong opposition.
Critics Say the moves -would discourage in-
dependent-minded persons from seeking jobs
' and might revive the "witChl.lunts" of the Joe
McCarthy era. Some find the idea of oaths par-
L
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hter. r
ec (s
.14 ,;g:t4.4," AV-2?jsa., 7,44' 1: kl",t?it ' t
?
?
J? By PIIILIP SHANDLER
Star Stiff Writer ?
? The Civil *Service Commis-
pion, on request of the Justice
Departnient, has asked federal
. agencies to tighten up pre-
hiring investigations of appli-
eants for top-security jobs.
A letter from CBS Chairman
!lobed E. Hampton to agency
beads'on the matter was dis-.
Closed yesterday as, commis-
Sion officials testified before a
pouse Internal Security sub-
committee.
?t The _subcommittee chair-
man, .Rep: Richardson Preyer,
D-N.C., and the chairman of
the parent committee, Rep.
Ridhard Ichord, D-Mo., have
been taking testimony on a bill
they.sponsor that would create
a new loyalty-monitoring com-
mission in place of the presi-
dentially appointed Subversive
Activities Control Board,
which they believe has been
ineffectual in rooting out sub-
versives.
The letter, sent last week,
said "a number of agencies"
have been putting people into
critical-sensitive jobs before
security 'checks have been
completed.
And Hampton said he had
been told by Robert. C. Mar-
dian, assistant attorney gen-
eral for internal security, that
Mardian is ."particularly dis-
turbed that such a practice is,
being utilized on a fairly wide-
spread basis." . ?
. While neither Justice nor the
CSC told agencies not to hire
uruess the so-called full-field
Investigations had been done
first Hampton quoted_ Mar-
, _
STATINTL
dian as' saying' that .: Justice
"considers it 'extremely im-
portant" that such checks be
made before a2cointment:
More than 4G,hoo such. inves-
tigations are made annually,
according to Kimball Johnson,
director of the CSC's Bureau
of Personnel Investigations.
They take at . least several
weeks.
Agencies that hive delayed
the investigations have told
?
the CSC that they are ."im-
practical . . . because applir.
cants are unwilling to wait for
the completion of the investi-
gations before they are placed
on the rolls," Hampton noted.
The agencies' rationale has
been .that those hired aren't
given access to classified in-
formation until getting securi-
ty clearances, anyway.
But Mardian said that
"deals with only one aspect
of the problem." -
"A person in such a position
may very well be in a position
to make or effect policy de-
cisions of the utmost impor-
tance," he said.
In relaying the Justice posi-
tion, Hampton commented
that the time needed for in-
vestigation "is, an- important
consideration but not an over-
riding one."
Agencies that rigorously
have been using the investiga-
tions have found they serve a
function broader than security,
he said?"to develop informa-
tion about abilities and attri-
butes essential to success in
positions of responsibility." ?
Disclosure of the Hampton,
letter was made by Johnson
and .CSC General Counsel An-
thony L. Mondello in testimony
before the House Internal Se-
curity loyalty subcommittee.
Mondello said the CSC,
while favoring extensive pre-
hiring investigations, believes
the proposed legislation to be
unnecessary. It would create
"unwarranted administrative ?
difficulties," he Said.
At the same time, Mondello
denied allegations that the
subcommittee said had been
made by some agencies that
the CSC had advised them not
to fire people on loyalty and
security grounds.
It is true, he said, "we know
of no security removals" in
recent years.
But this is because both
CSC and Justice have urged
that ? agencies use other
grounds to "separate" em-
ployes, "so as to avoid stigma-
tizing them."
"It is usually ? ehsier to
prove the existence of these
other grounds than it is to
prove a want of security or
reasonable doubt as to loyal-
ty," Mondelo said. .,
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WASHINGTON STAR
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1 1 JAN lurz
!JAMES J. KILPA TRICK
Leak
STATI NTL
of Papers to Anderson a Grave reach
.We are ,in the midst of an-
other of those great ruffled
flaps involving the press, the
government, and the ethics of
public and private conduct.
This one is serious.
The story goes back to the
/first week in December, when
the Washington Special Action
Group met at the White House
to discuss the suddenly flam-
ing war launched by India
against East Pakistan. The
WSAG, in effect, is the super-
National Security Council of
this administration ? a top-
level coordinating body intend-
ed to serve the President with
the .best advice and intelli-
gence that can be pulled to-
gether by skilled and experi-
enced men.
The three WSAG meetings of
Dec. 3, 4 and 6 were held in
confidence, of course, behind
locked doors, but written min-
ides were prepared. These
?minutes were stamped "se-
cret-sensitive," which is the
'classification level just be-
low "top secret," and then
were distributed among an es-
timated 50 to 75 persons in the
? Pentagon, State Department,
CIA,' and the White House.
A, person or persons un-
known made copies of the
memoranda and gave them to
columnist Jack Anderson. He
excerpted them ior use in his
column, and a few days later
supplied the texts for use by
newspapers generally. In one
view?it is the view of anti-
Nixon liberals?Anderson per-
formed a great public service,
and his anonymous informant
was a man of noble character
who risked his job in the name
of truth and honesty in govern-
ment.
There is another view. The
importance of this disquieting
affair does not lie in the mem-
oranda themselves. The im-
portance lies in the leak.
Make no mistake: This leak
must be found, and it must he
stopped. This is a breach of
trust, and a breach of securi-
ty, of the most profound im-
plications.
The memoranda are embar-
rassing, no more. For the
most part, the minutes reflect
the discussion of men trying to
find out what is going on, and
seeking to decide what best to
do about it. The President,
they are advised, is angry at
India for its aggressive ac-
tion; he wants "a tilt toward
Pakistan." There is much
talk of the futility of the
United Nations. One detects
sympathy for the plight of the
emerging nation of Bangla-
desh; it promises to become
"an international -I) a ske t
case." The conferees come to
no particular decisions. They
agree to prepare certain pa-
pers for the President. Their
discussion is candid, sponta-
neous, unreserved.
Subsequent to these private
meetings, the White House
was publicly to assert its neu-
trality in the India-Pakistan
war. Obviously the White
House was not neutral. This
was self-evident to every edi-
tor and critic in the country.
It is a fair surmise that
every government in history
has taken public positions in-
consistent with its private
wishes. Diplomats know this.
What matters, to repeat, is
the. leak itself. This is not to
be compared with the action.
of the Washington Post last.
month in blowing Henry Kis-:
singer's cover as the source of
a recent backgrounder; that.
was no more than an ill-man-
nered breach of professional
rules. Neither is it to be com?
pared with Daniel Ellsberg's
clandestine distribution last
spring of the aging "Penta-
gon Papers.." Ellsberg was.
then out of the government. '
We must infer, in this lit:-
stance, that someone still em-
ployed at the very highest lev-
els of confidence?some one j
holding top secret clearance,.
with access to other memoran-,
da of immense importance ?
has wantonly violated the.
trust reposed in him. This:
goes beyond disloyalty; it sails
close to the windward edge
of treason. What other docu-,
ments one must wonder, has
this person secretly copied?
Where will he peddle them
next? This is the alarming as-
pect. Anderson thinks it "fun.
ny," but then Anderson would,
It is not funny at all.
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WASHINGTON. ?Os I)
Approved For Release 204190g641:91A-RDP8OVIA1lJORM
A
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F.1 ilo
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LJL
LLLic:1
....." ,-...;
ii i L fl
i,,,,,iL,
by Fred Blumenthal
WASHINGTON, D.C. one Peking landing under his belt, hay; PEKING PROBLEMS?The routes over
r7lhe most elaborate security precau- ing flown Presidential adviser Henry which President Nixon will travel from
i,f tions ever devised for a Chief of Kissinger to the Chinese capital last the airport and to and from his various
-- State will surround President Nixon Oct: 20th. The President's 707, which official meetings and receptions in the
:!
* when he arrives in Peking for his has a range of 7000 miles, an 11-man Chinese capital are still secret and may
historic meeting with the mainland crew, and room for 59 passengers, will not be divulged until the last minute?
Chinese leaders. fly from Guam to Shanghai, where it if at all. But Secret Service agents, in
And this may come as something of will pick up an English-speaking Chi- cooperation with their Chinese oppo-
a surprise to many Americans: the nese navigator for the final leg. - site numbers, will go over the ground
'United States Secret Service, traditional
Navigator knows many, many times before his arrival to
.
guardian of the President's safety, is familiarize themselves with every inch
leaning heavily on its Communist Chi- Col. Albertazzie has no qualms about of the way. Every manhole the Presi-
nese counterpart to make certain that the professional ability of the navigator, dential party will pass over while driy-
Mr. Nixon's visit, however sensational the same officer who guided him into ing through the streets of Peking will
its diplomatic implications may be, is Peking on the Kissinger flight. be, inspected and the cover sealed to
absolutely uneventful from the stand- "I was delighted with him; he's an make sure that no one has planted an
,point of his personal security, excellent navigator," the American explosive device in his path (a routine
"No matter how you slice it," a top pilot told PARADE. "And the Peking Secret Service precaution taken on
U.S. security official told PARADE, "we International Airport has all the neces- Presidential trips in the United States),
must depend on the host country to sary facilities, including electronic and even the utility poles lining the
assume the major burden of protecting equipment. They have been handling streets will be examined at the very
our President. And the Chinese have Air France and Pakistani 707's on a last moment, just in case someone
been cooperating magnificently." regular basis, and they know what might decide to saw three-quarters of
Many of the details of the protective they're doing." the way through a pole with a view to
measures arranged between the Secret Other American aircraft will precede toppling it into the street, thus block-
Service and Peking's ?security forces and follow "The Spirit of '76" into the ing the cavalcade and "setting up" a
are wrapped in secrecy, but this much Peking Airport, including a still-un- dangerous opportunity for an attack.
..can be told: known number of press planes and a More routinely, Chinese security agents
The advance security preparations cargo jet carrying four White House will keep an eye on rooftops and win-
are not confined to the streets along automobiles?one of them the armored dows along the way.
Lincoln limousine in which the Presi-
. which Mr. Nixon's party will travel Elevator feared
through the Chinese capital or the dent rides wherever he goes, at home
quarters in which he will stay?they ex-
or abroad. If plans call for Mr. Nixon to enter an
elevator at any time, the Secret Service
tend around the world. Gasoline tested
-Ever since the dramatic announce-
wants the Chinese to check not only the
ment of the American President's forth- On the ground, the Presidential mechanical equipment, but the oper-
coming journey burst upon the world plane will be guarded around the clock ator, too.
last August, U.S. and Chinese security by U.S. Air Force police and Chinese "There can be nothing more hair-
experts behind the scenes have been military detachments, as will the jet raising," says one veteran security
checking and cross-checking every- fuel for all the U.S. aircraft and the agent, "than to have the President of
thing and everyone he is likely to come gasoline for the White House cars. The the United States stalled in the narrow
in contact with, from his drinking water Chinese will supply a full load of 24,- confines of an elevator, especially if
to the elevator operator in his Peking 000 gallons of fuel for the return flight, the operator might turn out to be un-
guest house. but every drop will be tested and fil- friendly."
These are the key areas of security tered before it goes?under guard? During its stay in Peking, the en-
concern: into the tanks. This is crucial to the tire American delegation, including
TRANSPORTATION?Mr. Nixon will President's safety in the air, but it is no the President, will have its own drink-
fly from Washington to Guam aboard slap at his Chinese hosts: the same pre- ing water supply, not because they
?loted ipr -oiprce veteran Col. efrA
"The Spirit of '745"VedYrktirFRtgi
a
ne), pi '
. cautions are taken every lime "The have reason to suspect the quality of
0
2004/0ato4 OfclAIRDP80-611601R00020041100014-eason
Ralph D. Albertazzie, who already has Force bases in the United States. that all experienced travelers are wary
of unfamiliar water.
STATI NTL
STATINTL
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nov. 1911
I
1%_\
.1
1
\SLI A.LL
,f
-
.1 - 4 J
* 71
13 /11-Z ney
Here is, a story, my friends.
One night a man dreamt that a
monster was on his chest, choking
him, trying to kill him. The man
woke up in terror and saw the
monster above him. "What is
,going to happen to me," the man
;cried. "Don't ask me," replied the
-,monster, "it's your dream."
Take your society, your law's
Integrity, and your country back
from the experts. I have been an
"expert" and I Can tell you that
.experts gone wild ? and they have
.7- are like cancer. They know only
one thing: more', more, more of
;the same. Nothing is more expert
;than cancer, nothing a better
example of power 'without
ipurpose. Cancer is ignorant, but,
,oh, it works, it grows.
? I have been an expert, have
,lived among them in their
Anti-communities ? could have
rested among them. I hope I have
cleft them well behind me. An
,expert sees his small piece of
reality and little else. He confuses
. understanding with control and
makes of the latter his single
-virtue. One of our leading social
? scientists has said that the chief
I -
Accomplishment of this age is to
i'l?ma"ve changed so many political
,yroblerns into technical ones. We
...see in Vietnam, as at Auschwitz,
the result of technical solutions to
ppolitical problems,
? So I have been an expert, ,and
I'm not bragging 'about it. I
.4 accepted the necessity of working
1
rwithin the s'ystem, believed that it
i.vias possible in' that way both to
affect the 'system itself
_ constructively and to accomplish
m-,
something. Only in the late sixties
) did I come to understand that
..
vgavernment, business, and .what is
correctly called "the
Establishment," were too inert,,
,too committed to the shape of
'things as they have been to
inaugurate human policies, that-
,.
'Tor change the people had to take
'government back to themselvea.
,Only the people awakened and
-.grasping for power from 'these
;mindless mkgainstitutiona, can
effect changtMJ proved For
Fr
,
? ? .
t
1Y LJ
in 3.1.jCi4 I sat in disbelieve in a
Washington think tank, listening
to a very well-financed Army
proposal to develop
computerized electronic warning
system to alert the Pentagon when
a Latin American country was
likely to go "red," and ? the
system having been perfected on
paper 7: to rent a whole Latia
American coountry and army to
test it out. This stupid and
Unbelievably naive project was the
product of Ph.D.'s, men who -call
themselves and ore called the.
scientists, When this project was
discovered by Chileans who
observed some strangely behaving
researchers, it hit the press and
was investigated by Congress.
When,' from the beginning, I
criticized' Project Camelot, I was
asked, - annoyedly, why I was
always being so "negative." This is
a particularly apt, yet typical,
example of the allegedly scientific
thinking that likes behind
Vietnam and all the horrors it has
brought to roost in this country
and all over the world.
I could give many more
examples, but I don't want to
lake up time with horror stories.
Suffice it to say that over the last
generation, especially the last
fifteen years, the United States
at home and abroad -- has been
preoccupied not with human life
and its purposes, but with
ignorant power and control ? that
is to say with death ? -and has
become, along with the Soviet
Union., as a colleague in mindless
adversity, the planet's greatest
polluter, an agent, of potentially
total repression, and the greatest
threat to continued human life
of expertise'incl. secrecy do.':uesi
to prevent the people 0(- 'Ills
country from determinhom ttamir.
own destinies is basically- a fake..
Owl the last twenty years I have;
had a . continuous Top Secret,
).learances from the. Army, State, of
CIA, Defense, ACDA -V
sometimes from more than one.. I.
never learned one thing of value.
Everything valuable that 'I have
learned, known, said, perceived,
or written has come from an
?open, scholarly unclassified source
or from newspapers, journals, or
may own . obserations. All those
sources are open to you. '
There is, no silent' majority.
Man is a speaking animal. There is
nly a silenced majority, a
;
e.pressed, - clamped-down, ' and
frightened majority. You. You
have been frightened and you
have been silenced.
Look, thee war rooms paneled
in walnut,' those massive files,
those contracts for millions of
dollars worth of death and
death-research, those fancy desks
and chairs, all the paraphernalia of
power, bases, -buildings, bombs,.
and all the rest, they are all yours.
They belong to you. Take them
hack, make a human use of them,
make this your society, as it is
your life, Everything you do,
everything you can do, to please
yourself and build your life is
more beautiful and more real than
the fakery, abstraction, obsession,
and desire for death that rules this
country 'today. That's the only
secret worth knowing. Once you
know it you can take back this
nation -- with difficulty.
Researcfl Analysis
Corporation. Slan?ich. was senior
scientist and then Director of the
?Arins Control and Disarmament
Study Group at Cal Tech's Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, immersed
n studies- for NASA and ACDA
on Leta! inspect:on and
proliferation issues. Re has also
studied 'educational policy and
counseled foreign got/am/imp ts in
urban affairs for the Stanford
Research Institute. For 16 years,
the world has ever faced. I do not Once you know it you will.
like to say these timings, but one And then we'll speak not of the
must speak plainly. There is a American Nightmare, but the
monster on our chest. American Dm'eam. . .
But it is our dream, and what (Sidney 'Slomich, author of The
happens next is .up to us, to no Anmealcan- Nightmare, has done
one else. I can speak so P1ain13. research for the Army on
because I think this nation can Czechoslovakia, spent a number
throw the monster off its chest. of years as an officer or the CIA,
The hope of this nation, that and '14!S .wo.riced on tr'ategu;
likW100411MPAes; s 046-6185
jp 130001-8
,Slonzich worked exclusively
within the established foreign
policy and governmental system,
.in public and private
organizations, usually in
circumstances involving heavy, or
nearly exclusive use of classified,
secret materials.)
?
7)
BOSTON, MASS*
GL01-31;e'i?' pprovect Fo? Releases2001/03/04 : CIA-RDP8070160
i INIVV eo 3. I
M 237,967 tj 4:5
S - 566,377
) 'T -
)11 locth arakillymai
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(cL,
STATI NTL
-By Jean Dietz, Globe Staff
A year ago this fall at the annual
orientation session offered by the
Harvard Health Service to freshmen,
? Dr. Preston K. Munter found himself
talking to. an atiditerium, marked by
Plenty of empty seats. Three pairs 'of
? bare, unwashed feet protruded from
a balcony in the mo'st direct line of
.
vision te the speakers' platform.
?
This September, the same -hall
o - . 0
Ti
LJI roTlb
. .
about the increasing acceptance and -Psycholog,icaf -pressures within'
. availability. of such services here each university Community and the
? was jammed to capacity by a respon-
sive freshman class. On the surface,
?their appearance was. considerably
1.ess scruffy, "much more like the stu-
.dentS- -we. used to see 'before all the
trouble," according to the universie
ty's chief psychiatrist,
.? The same changing mood, is re-
fleetYed on every campus this year.
The end of the age of affluence and
the period of revolt is driving stu-
dents back to their books. .
Ironically, they are flocking to' the
psychiatrists' offices in droves to
share their hew concerns in an era Of
introspection and quiet.
AVAILAMLITY
?
. ? "If you went to see the shrink
about a job problem, they might send
you to the dean's office or some-
.where," explains a student at Massa-
? chusetts Institute of Technology.
"But engineering jobs are- getting
scarce, and if you. Were considering
.haying to,go into your father's busi-
ness, you might convince them that
? the problem of how to get along with
your father is a legitimate emotional
concern," .
?
?
' ?
The inerewniiritivectirrispl-
psychiatric COfiWeling sa??s
;than about 'incidence of mental ill-
or mental health.
?
Even with eight senior psychiat-
rists, three training fellows, and a
number. of, part-time affiliate; there
is now a two-week wait for a routine
.al5pointment at Harvard. ? DEPRESSION. ,
This gives a single academic corn- ' . ' ?
munity ;access to far more highly At Doston University, Dr. Alan S.
trained specialists than. the state of .Katz reports a 50 percent increase in
Montana which has 14 Psychiatrists the number of students seeking help
to see the entire population. . at. the university's mental health.
,- clinic last year, ? waif, the upward.
From the view of their psychiat- trend continuing this fall. He senses
rists, however, college youth of 1971 a "massive depression" 'among stile;
Is coming closer to what their mid- dents. '. . ..
dleaged parents regard as "normal.". - ' . .
Whereas the students with the
, e
"It's healthy for people to _worry. usual anxieties over inability to
about money unless the situation be- study, how to separate from parents
comes extreme," says Dr. Dana Yarn-. or love problems used to average
( sworth, who retired- as chief of the threCor four visits to the DU clinic;
? Harvard Health Service in June. the staff now secs many individuals.
"You seldom find people becoming -eight or -.nine times before referral
mentally ill over ordinary realistic elsewhere for long-term treatment. .
problems.".
. . . :- ?. "We're seeing a big increase in
. . . .
? - Although students al'e still. con- passive ? dependent . perSonalitim
-caned about war, hypocrisy, civil among students whose family .prob-,
. liberties and racial discrimination, lems have undoubtedly. been con-
the economic picture has 'made a sig- pounded by drug-taking during 'their.'
nificent difference in their attitudes, school years," says the therapist.. .,
nature of the individual student ob-,
viously vary, from campus to camptui;'
as well as the 'subjective reactions of,
psychiatrists to young people and so-
cial change.
It's very expensive te be a radical Dr. Katz suspects that frequent,
i
activist," a former revolutionary told complaints about mpotence. from
'
Dr. Munter this fall. "This year i young males are often allied with the
can't afford to be involved."
effects of drug-taking.
"Social awareneSS seems to be "This is the first year we are see-.
somewhat watered down," says Dr. ing students who have voluntarily:
Vernon Patch clinical director at the stopped using' all drugs, including:
; College Mental Health Center of Bos- marijuana, ? because they feei
ton which -provides psychiatric ser- wrecked,"- says the 13.U. psychiatrist,
vices for 1 colleges, universities .and
nursing schools. "All the school's re- DRUGS USE OFF -
7
port less interest in volunteer com-
munity work. Students who would The off-campus location of the
have?been activists a few years ago College Mental.11ealth
Center on the
are now on their way to pick up law ,le'dfloor of the Prudential Tower 'of-
degrees and try to work through the. fers anonyinity, a quality highly
etase200 1 /03/04 : IA-R D P80404604R00020?430 WM4
:opt inuod
LOS ANGELES,. CAL?
TIMES vluip2r-_)-,
qprprslcp!..r ?Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP8O-
I ISTAT I NTL
M ? 966, 293 ?
S 11246,870 ?
. , .
-Ai -PCM
1
..I.
it Cd -I.,11..v_ 1._./
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11y
come dONVII. There is nomystery abou?
except- the mystery of human natur-
? ?itand personal dignity. .
n r Congress may not have rouch-stema.eli fel;
- it, but it is in a. fundamental fight, See.r&C."
'111 one branch of government is essentiiiiiy,
?repugnant to tie. exercise of constitutiona
0
r Y:.?-?" rt,
authority by other branches which have le-I
gitimate, defined, roles in policy, and opera
BY D. J. R. BistUCKNER ? _ _ .,. . . , . ......, lions.
Congress coUld help it:self considerably:1. 1
NEwYOliK----.There may be nothing more Some in Congress suggest non. that the setting up a general staff to coordinat; :..
.? .-... . .:...
behind the Administration's mania for se- pre.ssure of hearings should be kept up and overall understanding and oversight of 11-..,H
creey than the; President's love of surprises. the Administration should be allowed to executive. But, in the loric, -1:in-i, it w fli
You Can hold control in politics by keeping build public support for Congress' case. It is have to force open a lot of docirs and )iiSh
the audienc,e in suspense, and the White time that fairly well. The Defense Depart?Way intO secret places where decisions a ? ?
pe ,..,onr; re s,s to modV,(e'.
House Is a tem rn
pting stage, . ent's wide cn-ickdw n n se
o ocurity cle.a.cie. One.never c-,:,.: ,. cks r ,
.. In light or \vh,-?t has happene.d th the last anccs after the Pentagon Fa P c r s ft11,10,?011:;teaghglif!:rur;i1olleiclicliit:).h.vail..Ltii.,cilltoia\bri.c.yi:.ezsluirt.11)it.rnijssLeelis;:iir,.Eveloietaxtiiceli:lt,iiii
year it is not entirely unfair to call the con- produced dissension within thc?,ItC
'cern over secrecy a iminia, A confrontation and in the defense industries. The s.urprise
'between President and Congress over public trip of presidential adviser Henry Krssing;-:.-!ring surprised.--
inforination Wils blinding up long before the to Peking is not a public relations coup in .
newspapers printed the Pentagon papers. the Senate Foreign Relation: Committee,
w
Would those. papers have been published at which has never been able to persuade Kis-
all, if they had been sent up to Congress singer to testify about anything, and. which
when they were rdquested a year ago? cannot now persuade him to testify about
But now, when the 10.111 runs around giving his trip or about Mr. Nixon's proposed trip
lie detector tests . throughout- the govern- to China. Committee members are not even
meat, and sacuruy clearances for defense being given much substantive information
contractors 'are canceled wholesalb fcllov,?- privately.
lag publication of the Pentagon papers, you ? Last month, the 17B1 ranged ,through. the
sene something like panic at the. top. - government with polygraphs trying to trace
(As Congress resumes work, the Senate has the source of a news leak about arms talks
in committee a number of bills to require proposals that had been outlined in secret
disclosure of information by the executive. papers the Administration's own security
branch and: .congressional participation in system did not protect; ? they were. passed
.'
foreign policy decisions. There are four pro- around in duplicate and triplicate in two de-
StATINTL
posed bills to limit presidential war-making partments. So, why the FM probe? .Secreta-
powers, all Involving full disclosure of es- ry of State Rogers on Sept. 3 called the news
sential information. Just before the August leak a. kind of "tioze" of information, adding:
recess began, GOP leaders-of House and Sen- 'Now, we want to stop that, you see. Anel.
at 'endorsed the general thinking in these think the fact. that this investigation has
proposals, which should have .alerted the been conducted all over the government, not
White House to thetemper of Congress. just in the State Department, will have that
? effect." That is why: intimidation.
?
Sen. Cooper. Sponsoring-Bill-.
?to Require Regular CIA. Reports . .
...,,,,,,,,,,,?.. a. Secret Military' Aid.Plau
i Also, Sen. Sam E7vin (D-NC.) is holding . .
hearings on it proposal to limit the, use of ex- Then, too, the Foreign BelatiOns Commit-,
-ccutive? privilege ? as a means of avoiding tee asked to see a secret five-year. military
'questioning or _disclosure. And Sen. 'John aid' plan, preliminary to its approval of a
',Sherman ?Cooper (11-.Ky.) has a bill to re- two-year military aid bill. Defense Secretary
quire regular reports to Congress by the Laird said there was nd such plan. But at
Central Intelligende Agency. in the odd least ,one member of the committee knew
ways of politics, the CIA bill could eventual- there was, and knew it in some detail. Final-
- .1.y be the hardest for the 'White House to ly the .President invoked executive privilege
- -handle; it is simple, but it touches on many against its disclosure. To the Senate, it must
/ areas of secret, government operations. One
semi that the principle operating here is 'lie
NI recalls that former President' Harry S Tru-
first, defy later." There -is a se.n--5e, of injury
man wrote a plea on the front page of the and insult in the Senate, and it is spreading
Washington Post eight years ago for stricter to the House. ? . - . . .
'discipline over .the CIA and a Curtailing of It Is a safe 'guess that unauthorized disclo-
its functions. lt was published a month after sure of secrets will increase now; no matter
the murder of President John F. Kennedy,. what Congress does. The internal security
Iand thushad little attention; but it is being efforts of the Administration amount to a
'onicinbered Apprbve'diForReleatl? novoato4latC1A-ROP801003,01R000200130001=8
;treated the CIA. - ' -, - man. ' Once stt.ch a principle is clearly un-
. . .
- derstood in a large government, the security
Committee Asked to See
VA:5.11INGTOli POST
Approved For Release 2003160App9)31A-RDS81Mllt6IMR
You kixer a Trob., lie?
can
,
(L Ifr, , ,
1;6 .1;1406.1
. '
DURING the Dog Days of August, a lec,i
gion of officers in the U.S. armed forces ant.l.)
a phalanx of unknown civilians were given
the news:
if they held top secret clearances, they
:were advised that unless they currently are
working with top secret material, the clear-
anC,9 is being automatically cancelled by the
U.S. government.
What do these tidings mean to them? At
`Over the years this resin?.
gcnee Of red tape will engage
tbe services of the FBI, the
CIA and countless clerks. and
bureau hawkshaws at the cost,
of millions of dollars to the
taNpayer.'
present, rractically nothing. But should they
ever return to some job that requires such a
clearance, they will have to repeat the whole
"clearing" process.
They will be fingerprinted; though their
prints have not changed. Then they will
'spend hours filling out forms relating their
travels abroad, identifying their ancestors
and making note of their associations and
affiliations, present and past.
They Will be quizzed by security officers
as to -whether they ever belonged to the
KKK, the Know-Nothing Party, the Wob?
blies, the Knights of the Mystic. Sea or other
organizations on the current taboo list, Then
they will sit and wait while that Rube Gold-
berg invention, called the review process,
grinds out a decision.
r Over the years this resurgence of rod tape
will engage the 'services of the FBI, the CIA
and countless clerks and bureau hawkshaws
?
By 8. A. Mai...dual
?. . .
,at the cost. of millions of dollars to the tax-
payer.
In my own case I have heard from two s.)-
? called Washington think tanks about their
latest. thoughts.
The message was that I was still cleared
for top secret, but since I was no longer ac-
tively requiring that clearance, would I fill
out the enclosed form acknowledging My
discharge from the awesome responsibility?
My knowledge of anything that might bring
down the pillars of the temple being less
than would fill a thimble punctured by a
shell from Big Realm, I was happy to com-
ply.
But it did take time oven as it made work
for the mailman and no doubt the guardians
of our security awaited the reply atremble,
worrying about the possibility that another
jackass would bolt and bedevil the system.
And what is .this ridiculous convulsion all.
. about?
'
Here is simply another wholesale mischief
brought about directly by the capers of Dan-
iel Ellsberg and his pal, Russo. These joker's
from the world of science may stay stead-
fastly loyal to one another, but they seem
not to give a hoot about how much trouble
they give. others.
' To begin, there was a minor tremble at
Rand Corporation in Washington where the
two had worked after a fashion and the se-
curity of which they proceeded to scuttle, A
new set of security hardhats was rushed to
the scene to lock the stable after the horse
was gone.
Then out of California, rumbling was
heard all the way to the banks of the Poto-
mac. The security beagles dashed to the
seeming breaches in the tumbling walls,
thereby tq save America from total .catas-
trophe. ?
Hero we have what might be called the ca-
. .
pricious compounding of a felony. It is an.
utterly senseless way to manage a bores ac
racy, this penalizing of thousands or'person,
and millions of taxpayers, because of the ac-
tions of two or more misfits who alle!2edly
betrayed their trust. But that is {,orernment-
for you. What we have is but arlotl!ct? hor-
rible example of the ill-conclitiorecl
that provided Ellsberg with his lame eX,:n.ise.
Years ago I knew Ellsberg, when he 'mac
quiet, soft-spoken and had no hint of that
glint in his eye. He was working in the 1-a7?..n-
talon studying the nature of internationat
elise.s and had his own theory to expound.
The gist was that what is called an interna-
tional crisis comes. about when two sets c.)
men in power feel theirpersonal Positions
challenged and likely to become forfeited
unless they act boldly or at least stand firm.
Out of selfishness, they move ever closer to
the collision coal-se. None but a simpleton
would reject this idea outright.
That I play with it now is not because I
can interested in what makes Ellsberg tick:
. ? . out of California, rum.
bling was beard all time way to
the banks of the Polo:mu.. The
security beagles cla,hed to the
seerniug breaches in the nun-
Ming walls, thereby to save
America front total catas-
trophe.'
What made the security. managers behave
like waterbugs is the question. ? It is hero
suggested that they were. more concerned
about their: jobs than with the. exercise of
cammon sense and that is the general fault
in the system.. ? ? :7: ;
0).1.9(1, Lfin:Angoe, en,thcs :-
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Approved
14.61,1 124
2 6 iq Li 13 1M
R?W149:1144014li g (*gal:AD 4011 01R
i ' SpcNal to TM NeW York l'iroca ? .:
H.- WASHINGTON, Aug. 25 --Rand 'employes and consultants',
The nation's military and 'de- with - access to top-secret Ma-i
fense ? Contractors, at the re- terials from 1,300 to 450 had
-quest of the Defense Depart- been recommended to the De-
incnt, ?report that they are tense Department. ? J
quietly. making substantial re- Another major defense 'con.;
. .
ductions in Thenumber of their tractor, the Loeing Company of
- employes Who hold top-secret -Seattle, said that its review was.
Government security clear- still in progress, but reported
.a..1-1COS. that at one Midwest facility em-
The move, part of an Ad- ploying 4,000 people the num-::
. .
'ministration plan aimed at ulti- ber holding top-secret clear-
mately reducing the number of ances had already been reduced
.security '61-earances. both in and from 100 to 34. .
.out. - of- ? Government, ? - was Most of those' who have lost
prompted by a . dispute last their clearances were 'people
:June. between the Government who at one time needed the
and the press over the publica- top-secret clearances to per-
tion of a secret Pentagon -stOdy form their jobs, biat who now
on -the Vietnam war. -- . for whatever reason no longer
? Dr, Daniel Ellsberg, a for?"'? .need it, ace ording to Lowell
'' P. Pilickelwait, Boening, s vice
employe of the Rand Corpora- president for industrial iela-
tion,? a privte consulting firm. tions. .
engaged . in defense .work, has Won't Impair Ability ,
said , that he had made the ?.'lr. Mickelwait added that
study available to the press. the reduction in the numberof
While an employe of Rand, Dr.. Doeing personnel cleared . to
Ellsberg? hold - a top-secret' work; on top-secret projects
clearance.. would "absolutely" not impair
,
Most of the defense con_ his cempany's ability to bid
tractors- who have been asked successfully for defense con-
by the Defense Department to tracts.?
submit -their recommendations The reason, he said, is that
on which. employes no longer the Defense DePartment p'er-
'need top-secret clearances are nutted contractors to reinstate
still reviewing their personnel the top-secret classification any
rosters: The Defense Depart-. time witivi a year after down-
ment . 'said 'it would use the grading if a valid need arises."
recommendations chiefly for He said he believed that the
guidance, and will retain the ability to bid for a top-secret
right .to make the final deter- c;on= ii1,v,oduld be considered
mination on classification - 'O'il'.,:i7r.'irca-tc!?:.defense con-
changes. . ? from companies . tractors ,' were making or had made'
indicated that they
Indications
that have _already . completed
their reviews are that the num- ber of personnel with top-secret
similar reductions in the num-
!her of top-secret Defense De-
.. partment clearances outside the clearances, but were reluctant.
?' Government will eventually he to quote - exact figures for.
considerably smaller. - - security reasons. - ? _ ?
The General Dynamics Cor- ----
pOration, the nation's second Ellsbelrg Is Commended
largest military supplier and a ? ? Special to Tao New Yak Times 1
- major builder of submarines, ? COLUMBIA, S. C.,.Aug. 25?
reported that 1,528 employes, 'ME; Association for Education
Or about 2,7 per cent of its in Journalism today narrowly.
Work . force, held top-secret approved a resolution corn-
internal review. - "valuable contribution to .the
for a
clearances before - it began its mending Dr' rilsberg
'After the screenin,Y process, people's right to know."
the list has been pared to 638, - Di-- Ellsberg,' who said he
la
.-..according to ,fricials at the eke'd the .Pentagon papers to
coMpany's headquarters in St. new has been arraigned
spapers,
- on charges of : unauthorized:
Louis
Security measures at the Oessessi?11 of secret' Govern-
Rand ' -Corporation, where D,.. fluent documents.
_ Ellsberg worked, have been the In a related resolution, the:
association applauded "the
target of particular attention.
,, courage and - public service
:: All ? secret documents
'Rand 's offices in Washin,Yto"n' spirit of The New York 'limes
r ?f and Washington Post. and othei'
Approved Fsalft00.444064/03/1)
el ( pe.7,7t.clAAPP81&61t61,R000200130001-8
supervision of the Air Torce. A T----'''' -- ' - ? '-'. ? ......? .. -. 4. ? '
? company- spokesman said that
a rnriiirtinn In thn nomber of -
STATI NTL
yo K.TL3 STATINTL
Approved For Release 2001/G3/04 ..CIA-RDP80-01.60
3 AUG 1971
j",,,,,c,? r
A v.,,) A
I View )1),-i?c
,a &silica/101m
.Spec!al to The Ne rt Yoe,: Times
WASHINGTON, Aug. 12 --
President Nixon has ordered
'early declassification of secret
Government documents on the
Korean war, the 1958 interven-
tion by American troops in
/Lebanon, the abortive invasion
V of Cuba in 1961 and-the Cuban
missile crisis of 1962, the White
TIouSe announced today.
John D. Ehrlichman,. assist-
ant to the President for
Domestic Affairs, said that Mr.
Nixon. felt that the four mili-
tary actions were "of uch his-
torical. importance" that schol-
ars should not have to wait the
customary 25 years before the
bulk of the documents were
made public.
Mr. Ehrlichman said that the
decision to speed the removal
of the "secret" classification
from the documents had grown
out of an interagency study of
the Government's security sys-
tem. The study was ordered in
;January by the President.
'Classifying Them Better'
--In what lie termed a "prog-
ress report" on the study, Mr.
EhrlichmEm said that it was
aimed at devising a method for
"classifying fewer documents
In the future; but classifying
them better."
The President feels strongly,
Mr. Ehrlichman said, that "Gov-
ernment has a duty to make
disclosure of what is going on
in the Government." But he as-
serted that Mr. Nixon's attempt
to initiate an "era of negotia-
tion" between the United States
and other world powers ? re-
quired that the Government be?
able to demonstrate its ability
to maintain confidentiality.
For that reason, Mr. Ehrlich..
man said in response to ques-
tions at a White House brief-
ing; the Administration sought
to block publication of the Pen-
tagon's secret history . of the
Vietnam .war in June. Parts of
the study were published by
The New York. Times, The
Washington Post and other
newspapers.
He said it was. unquestion-
able that "probably the large
majority" of the Pentagon
papers were "needlessly" held
under restriction at the time of
their disclosure in the news-
papers.
Effect on Negotiations
But, he went on, the "massive
compromise" of the Vietnam
documents by the newspapers
"demonstrably has raised ques-
tions in the nyt
The ?low York Times
John D. Ehrliclirrian
11JThere. should he new roles
that individuals who have a
? specific security clearance, such
? as "top secret," would have
access to documents only on
?a strict "need-to-know" basis,
CNew restrictions would be
!developed to curtail individuals'
rights to duplicate classified
matter or to disseminate it.
Uecret documents should be
released automatically after a
specified period of time unless
their publication would "jeop-
ardize current intelligence
sources," imperil relations with
other governments or "need-
lessly embarass individuals"
in other nations.
As a general rule, the study
group is tending toward re-
versing the established practice
of keeping documents secret
unless it can he demonstrated
they are no longer sensitive,
Mr. Ehrlichman said.
"The President believes past
practice has re.sulteci in classi-
fication of a number of docu-
comments about reporters 'in-.
nocently" gathe tinge news,1
whether the journalists who .
participated in the Pentagon
disclosures were innocent.
He said he could not com-
ment because the matter might
be subject .to litigation. The
question was put by a repre-
sentative of one of the news-
papers involved, and Mr.
Ehrlichman told him:
"Deep in the questioner'si
heart must lie the answer toI
that question."
whom we will be negotiating or meats that need not have been :.
have been in the past" as to classified" for national security
whether the United States se. reasons, 'lie added.
curity system is effective. Restricted Circulation
Mr. Ehrlichman declined to At the same time, he empha-
relate the Adthinistration's con. sized that Mr. Nixon had fob
cern about the disclosure of the lowed a "set of principles" in
Pentagon papers to President his personal dealing with diplo-
Nixon's diplomatic initiative matic and domestic issues that
toward China. , included highly restricted cir-
The White House asked Con.. culation of documents and ex-
press last week to authorize al tremely limited sharing of in-
$636,000 expenditure this year formation with staff members.
The "cornerstone of an era
of negotiations" is confiden-
tiality, Mr. Ehrlichman stated.
"You pe.ople do and should
dig for every piece of informs-
'a-million. tion you can get," he told the
Declassification of the docu- journalists at the White House.
merits on the Korean. war and But he said reporters could
the Lebanon and Cuba actions publish information "innocent-
would require additional funds, ly'? that might have a bearing
but the amount was not re- on events that the journalist-'s
vealed today. This effort also were not aware of and could?
will require a longer period of thus "create a climate of doubt"
time and could take consider- about Government . confiden-
ably more than five years, tiality.
officials said. . Mr. Ehrlichinan was asked if
Mr. Ehrlichman said that it the Government's unsuccessful
also was possible that Govern-
international incidents would 1
mblication of the Pentagon
tions to stop newspaper
meat secrets related to other court ac -
be given the -same accelerated , study were undertaken to
declassification. The ' list is demonstrate to other n.ations
said, but he did not identify ? ?
the good faith of the Nixon
"open-ended as .of now," he
other possible subjects for early l'..Annustration.
- Criteria Outlined -"Yes," he replied.
re-lease. .
According to Mr. Ehrlichman, ? A Federal grand jury in
the study group, which is Boston has been. examining, the
headed by William H. Reim- disclosure of the Pentagon
General, had tentatively estab- papers and considering whether
some reporters might be liable
ouist, an Assistant Attorney - ?
lished some criteria to follow, to prosecution. Mr. Ehrhehman,
jie mentioned the following was asked if the Government'
. .
. . pob requirements:
to begin a five-year process of
declassifying some 160 million
pages of documents on World
War II that are still secret. The
entire effort is expected to cost
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, ' ? ? , There were indications that no The last category was: "coin-
manciers and deputy or vice
commanders and chiefs of staLl
of major, field and fleet con).-
mands, forces or activities, as
designated by the chiefs of the
military services or the com-
manders of the unified and spe-
cified comniands concerned.
On Capitol Hill, William. B.
Macomber Jr., deputy Under'
Secretary of State for Adminis-
tration, told :a House Govern--
ment Operations subcommittee
that the State Department now
classified as secret 200,000 doc-
uments a year. He said the av- ?
erage over the last 20 years
had been about 100,000 a year.
Mr. Macomber conceded, un-
der questioning, that too many
documents were -classified, and
remained classified for exces-
sive periods.
Asked if the State Depart-
ment had requested that the
Justice Department seek in-
junctions against The New York
Times and other newspapers to
halt publication of the Penta-
gon study, Mr. Macomber said
it had not. But said that. the
State Department -concurred
with the Justice Department be-
cause of "deep concern" over
disclosure of sonre of the ma-
terial.
Asked if a substantial por-
tion of the Pentagon study
could be declassified without
harming national security, he
replied:- "Some of it."
-He said that only about 10 to
15 per cent of the material in
the 47-volume study should re:
main classified on the ground
of national security. ? ?
\NEE ESE AES
SEES SECRETS
? .: ?
, Calls for Names Of All Those
With Authority to Handle ,
Classified DbOurnents-
, ? BY JOHN HERDERS
SpecIal to Tie New York Thr.es ?
SAN, CLEMENTE, Calif., July
7----The White House said tos
:day that it :had 'ordered : the.
:compilation of a: list of all
persons who, have authority to
see top-secret documents.
Gerald L. Warren, assistant
White ? House 'press secretary,
said in response to questions
that a' confidential memoran-
dum signed by Brig. Gen. Alex-
ander M. Haig Jr., Deputy As-
sistant to the President for Na-
tional Security, had gone to
departments and agencies di-
recting them to compile lists
of those having top-secret clear-
Mr. Warren said the memo-
randum, issued June 30, was
part of a review of the process
of classification and declassi-
fication ordered by President
Nikon on Jan. 15.
- He was vague about the dez.
tails of the memorandum,
whose eXistence was diSclosed
today in The Washington Post.
But other officials said it was
part of an Administration effort
to reduce the number of se-
curity aclearanees both in and
out of GovernMent..,
.. Pentagon Is Complying ?
In Wahington, a spokesman
said. that the Department ' of
Defense was compiling its list.
The ?spokesman said Secretary
-of
Defense Melvin R Laird had
ordered the step about three
days ago,- ? ,.
-The memorandum set this
coming Sunday as a deadline
for compilation of the lists,
but it avaS considered doubtful'
that 'the departments . could
comply that quickly. Because of
unclear regulations about secu-
rity clearances, there was some
doubt about the ability of the
.agencies to compile compre-:
jlensive lists at all. " -1
One in the Government knows
how many persons have security
Clearance. arid that Mr. Nixon
is trying to put the entire dis-
puted matter of classified docu-
ments under central control
:for the first-time., -
? Various laws and regulations
apply in- departments and agen-
cies dealing with sensitive mat-
ters. Estimates of the nurnher
of those' with ? some authority
to see top-secret documents
run as high as many thousands.
, Members of the armed forces
the Central Intelligence Agency,
the White House, the State De:
partment, the Justice Depart-
ment, defense contractors and
consultants are heavily involved
In security matters.
About the time the White
House memorandum was
drafted,.Mr. Laird ordered
tightene security at the Rand
Corporation in Santa Monica,
Calif., which conducts defense
research on a contract basis.
Daniei Ellsberg, a former
Rand employe and Pentagon
official, is under indictment for
alleged misuse of top-secret
documents and has said publicly
he passed copies of a study
of the Vietnam war to news-
papers.
Documents pulalished by The ,
New York ? Times and other
papers carried top-secret clas-
--:?k7' ?
'As 'Immediate Reductions'
The Haig memorandum saas
in part that "each responsible
department and agency" must
inititate at once "a review and
screening of each top-secret
and compartmented clearance,
presently held by individuals
with a view to effecting imme-
diate reductions of all clear-
ances which cannot be demon-
strated to meet the requirement
of strict need to know." .
Mr. Nixon arrived at the
summer White House here last
night for a two-week stay, ac-
companied by Secretary of
State ,William P. Rogers; the
Erector. of Central Intelligence,
Richard Helms; General Haig
and other; officials. . He con-.
(erred at length with Mr. Helms
about the latter's recent trip
to the Middle East.
The Pentagon spokesman,
Brig. Gen. Daniel James Jr., said
that as of April, 1971 803 in
the defense establishment had
authority to classify material as
top secret. But the department
Was unable to say how many
had access to top-secret mate:
The list of 803 began with the
Secretary of Defense and went
through 12 categories of de-
scending ranica, _
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I cc- ?
D)'To r(rD4-(')
`Q?,,
By WILLIAM K. NtVYAINT jR..
- A. Warillington. ?Coi,respoodelit
of the Post-Dispatelt
WASHINGTQN,,Aug. 7
MANY AMERICANS do not
know where Laos is, much less
that the United States is spenjing
close to $500,000,000 annually in
support of the clandestine war
there. Like a dentist digging at a
wisdom. tooth, S en at or Stuart
Symington (Dern.), Missouri, has
been trying to bring the facts to
light.
The cat was pretty well out of the bag
this week?not fully, but the head and
shoulders at least?with the publication
of two documents in which the E,xecutive
Branch allowed mention of the Central
Intelligence Agency's heavy involvement
in Laos.
- One of the documents was a 23-page
report prepared for Symingto.a's foreign
relations subcommittee on United States
security agreements and commitments
abroad. It was prepared by two staff
members, James 0. Lowenstein and
Richard M. Moose. A "sanitized" ver-
sion of it was made public Tuesday.
The other document was the exnur-
Lated, declassified transcript ofthe Sen-
ate's closed session of June 7, a. session
that had been requested by Symington
to discuss Laos and make the then top-
secret Lowenstein-Moose report avail-
able to other Senators. It was published
Wedne,sday in the Congressional renrcl.
'? Lowenstein and Moose visited Laos
from April 21 to May 4, in the aftermath
of last spring's drive into Laos by United
States - supported South V i e tna me s e
troops. The two presented their report,
classified top secret, to Symington's
panel May 21.
BEFORE THE REPORT was made
public this week, it was reviewed in de-
tail with representatives of departments
of State and Defense and the CIA. This
?
procOdure took five weeks. Many dele-
tions . Were ' made for security reasons,
but the CIA permitted itself to bc men-
, Coned. 'The CIA's roles-long .reported?
now is official.
Late in 1539 Symington's subcommittee
held hearings on Laos as part of a
comprehensive inquiry on American corn-
mituients ?abroad. A heavily censored
report of the hearings was made public
in April 1970. One can scrutinize its 603
pages without finding mention of the.
CIA. . .
. STATINTL
-71-c
r/
Qtty
71) ? 0
/FIN C/O'
') ?ii07-)itl-
r'tser.-1 1.1 )
Q.o.,-/
. (7_,
LI 1"t
JLA o
ciy
In Contrast, the Lowenstein-Moose re- '
port released this week- puts the CIA
firmly in the picture, as in the sentence:
"The United States continues to train,
arrrir and feed the Lao .army and air
force and to train, advise, pay, support
and, to a great extent, organize the
irregular military forces underthe. direc-
tion of the CIA."
IN ASSESSING the new revisit on Laos,
ii is necessary to differentiate between
what it contained that was news to the
Senate and Congress generally and what
it contained that was news to the Amer-
ican public. Members ol Congress are
often privy to information that is classi-
fied and not available to the citi.,-,;enry;
As S y min gt on noted inn statement
Tu es d a y, there were several areas in
which the subcomm;:ttee Lild its staff re-
port squeezed inforreation from the Exec-
utive Branch that previously had been
kept. secret. -
(1) Since, early 1970 the United States
has been conducting 11-52 raids in north-
ern La0S.011 a regular basis. This was dist
closed to Congress May 3 while the staff
men were in Laos. President Richard M.
Nixon admitted in March 1970 that the
United States was flying tactical missions.
in northern Laos.
It is easy to relate American air aetivi-.
ty against the Ho Chi Minh Trail in south-
ern Laos to the: war in Vietnam, because
trail is an enemy supply route to
Scuifn Vietnam. In the case of the war in
northern Laos, the relationship to Viet-
nam is less obvious.
(2) The American-supported irregular
forces in Laos, about 30,000 Laotian
troops and about 4000 Thais, are deployed
generally throughout the country's mili-
etary regions, .except around the capital,
Vientiane.. It had bean thought that the ir-
regular forces were concentrated in Mili-
tary Regionli under Gen. Yang Pao,
(3) United States operations in Laos are
costing much more than had been sup.,
posed. Symington said the only official ex-
penditure publicly announced previously
for Laos for fiscal 1971, just ended, was.
about $50,000,000 in economic assistance.
He said the actual outlay for 3971, exclu-
sive of bomb in g. costs, was about
000,000.
In addition the report by Lowenstein
and Moose indicated an over-all intensity
of American involvement in Laos that
undoubtedly c.aroe as a surprise to many
in Congress and .to citizens at large,
even the sophisticated.
' he figures that were' inadi, public didS.TATINTL
:not include specific outlays by the CIA..
Those figures were deleted. It could be
-deduced, however, that the CIA spent
8100,600,000 to $120,000,000 in 1971 for sup-
port of the irregulars, including the re-
cruits from Thailand. ?
IN ADDITION to training, paying and
otherwise supportingthe CIA's irregulars,
the United States trains, arms and feeds.:
the Royal Laotian Army and Air Force. It
was made clear that the government of
Laos had about exhausted its manpower
from internal sources --- hence, the troops
-
from 'Ilailand.
?The irregular forces in Laos are doing
most of the fighting against enemy Pathet
Lao and North Vietnamese units. From
1908 through last April, i;020 irregulars
were killed in action and 3664 royal army
troops.
A private in the royal army receives
the equivalent of $5 zo month, ill addition
to allowances for dependents. Lowenstein
,and Moose were told that the Laotian
government was having difficolty finding
soldiers. About 30 per cent of new re-
cruits reportedly desert.
The population of. Laos, an impover-
ished agricultural country we.st cif Viet-
nam and south of China, is only 2,800,0000:
Nearly two thirds of Laos is not under
government control. The military situa-
tion lies steadily worsened,
The income of-, ;the approximately
2,000,000 Laos tinder -oovcrnment control
averages $08 a year, based on the corm-
tiy's gross national product. A partial to-
tal of United States outlays for Laos in
1971, it was said, would amount to. $141
for each Laotian.. ?
A BONE of contention b e t we. en Mr.
Nixon's Administration and some Mora-
hers of Congress is whether the United
States Government, in its support for the
Thai irregulars, violated a law enacted by
Congress last year. The Government says
it has not,
At the behest of Senator J. William Ful-
bright (Dem), Arkansas, an amendment
was put into the defense authorization bill
barring the use of funds "to support Viet.-
namese or other free-world forces in-ac-
tions desioned to provide military support
a n d assistance to the governments of
Cambodia. or Laos."
If defense funds were spent to support
the troops from Thailand in Laos, the con-
travention of Congress's will would be
fairly obvious. What about CIA funds?
The State Department has taken the,posi-
Con that the Thai irregulars sent into
Laos by the United States are "local
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- ? is further directed thata .1 One official said he believed ... L., each responsible department
about 10,000 Foreign Service
and -agency initiate at once a Officers have .top secret clear-
review and screening of each ance as did, presumably, tech-
top-secret and compartmented Meal specialists. But he said
'1,1"- ,eeChirn -clearance presently held by in, the State Department ha
dividuals in the above employ- many outside consultants wh
ment categories with a view to are called on only rarely wh
' effecting .immediate reduc- presumably also have top so-
tions- of all clearances which ? cret clearances. ?
cannot be demonstrated to All agents of the Federal
meet .the requirement of strict Bureau of Investigation have
. ? need to know. . . _ . ... top secret clearances by virtue
'List "Particular consideration is of their jobs, although the
. to be given to the screening of need-to:know- application ac-
Of Clearances employees in the consultant f-
.ua..y limits the number of
and contracted categories;" persons who see classified doe-
Secret the Haig memo said.
uments.
?For Top The memo, written on White . It is understood that other
. ! House stationery, was dated federal intelligence agents
By Ken W. Clawson ; June 30, two days before De- also must pass a top secret se-
Washington Post Staff Writer fense Secretary Melvin R. curity investigation as a pre-.
? President Nixon has Laird ordered Air Force seen- condition to employment. ? '
(iovernment rity men to take custody of all The Justice Department, !
or all classified documents held by which is prosecuting Ellsberg
agencies .to compile lists Of the Rand Corp., the leading for a security breach, also
persons., in and out of goy.. private "think tank" engaged could not indicate yesterday
in defense research. Laird al- the number or the names of
.ernment, who have top- leged earlier that there were its personnel who are cleared
secret clearances with the "security compromises" at for top secret documents. A
aim of sharply reducing the Rand.,spokesman said that a "wild
Laird's direct action an guess" would place the figure
number of security clear- ?
. President Nixon pledge to at a "few hundred."
ances.? ? tighten up security clearances A White House official said
' In a memo labeled "admin- across the board followed dis- a similar survey was being
e' closures June 28 by Daniel "didn't have any idea" how
istratively. confidential," th
Ellsberg, a former Rand re- 1 taken in the Executive Office
-White House also ordered fed- searcher and Pentagon offi- of the President, but that he
-,eral agencies to immediately. cial, that it was he who many top secret clearances
initiate a review of outside leaked secret Pentagon pap- were held there.
'Individuals and organizations ers to the press. Directives in the new Nixon
?.
The White House memo memo appeared to grow ? di-
holding classified materials made it clear that Mr. Nixon rectly out of disclosures from
. . with the aim of drasti- means to get a handle on secu- the secret Pentagon papers
cally reducing such nong,ov- rity clearances, estimated var- and were not related to a Jan.
ernment holdings."
iously at between thousands 15 memo in which the Presi- .
and hundreds of thousands, dent called for broader and
The memo, signed by Brig,
and to pare the list considera? speedier declassification pro-
' Gen?Alexander M. Haig Jr., bly. The top-seeret clearances cedures and for a continuing
Deputy Assistant to the Presi- are awarded by individual goy- review of that process.
dent for National Security Af- ernment agencies and The January directive was
fairs, said that "the President branches and there currently also confidential, but it was
has directed that the following is no central repository in the made public by the White
'actions be taken ? . ? .government. House June 22, at the height
By noon Saturday, each fed, A check yesterday of key of government efforts to stop
eral agency, including ? the government agencies where publication of the top-secret .
White House itself, must sub- top secret clearances are most Pentagon papers.
mit a list of the number of prevalent also revealed that . . _
government employees, out- the agencies themselves do
-side consultants and private not know who?or how many
? contractors who hold clear- ?hold top security clearances.
ances for access to top-secret The Pentagon, for example,
information and "the various said the figures are "not read-
categories of compartmented ily available" nor are the iden-
Intelligence data."
tifications of those . holding
- ?
ie By the .end of July, the fed- clearances compiled. ?
;eral agencies are ordered to Officials at the State Dc-
turn over to the White House partment said they don't have
the names of the holders of Sc- the information sought by the
?Cret clearances broken down President and said they would;
to indicate government and be surprised if it could be
nongovernment employment, compiled by. noon Saturday,.
Lthe presidential deadline. ?
eV):
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STATINTL Los ANGELIEs TrEs
elease 2001.108/04-aQ1k-RDIVpA011R81
A rA0 haVe. been in and out r documents are
: RAND SA i L."6 L "kg' u " ( ?
- ,of the Pentagon and other used. He goes literally .no-
d elens e agencies a n d where alone.
C L r D SAICI found you can walk up to?
If a vis.itor goes to the
restroom, his escort Stands
outside the door.
Even new employes
Whose. security: clearances
have not yet been ap-
proved are confined to a
so-called "clear area" out
of reach of classified infor-
mation. The clear area is
on the first floor near the
main .entratice.
' If the visitor is going to
dis?CuSs classified informa-
tion, a clearance authoriz-
ing. it must have been sub-
mitted and approved be-
forehand.
If he is not Cleared, his
hot must take ailclassi-
? ?the very office, of Laird
? THAN E WAGON - Witi7OLICanybody checking
? ? ? ? you out,? he said.
BY GEORGE REAatl'iS . "The only one who stops
, -
,.,
l'Ims SM
tf Writer . - ,
? :-_, you is his female secretary
.,
Daniel Ellsberg who ..says in in the outer office. There
leaked. the top secret Pentagon pa- ?are classified documents
pars to the press would have found in every room?and the
?access to them easier at the Penta- safes are open," he said.
-gpii. . than at Rand Corp.; a former "The only rule . is that
Ran'd scientist said Friday. .. ? someone must be present
., "Rand security is tighter than se- in the room if the safe is
_
curity at the-Pentagon," Dr. Bernard open, but it can be only
' Brodie said. "And you can quote the female secretary."
me". .. ? He said security at the
. . . .
' ? .Brodie, who worked at the Santa S t a t e Department w a s
..
Monica "think tank" for 15 years about as lax.
and also on national sec.urity 'pro-
"There is an entrance for
jects at the Perrialgon, eccused.Se.cre-
diplomats who can enter
tary of Defense Melvin R. Laird Of without an appointment .
unjustly "punishing" Rand by tak. and another working en- lied ducumPnt ' 1 *-
s_ip...,..ilip._pos-_ fiHs out a transrer form
trance at which vors. . .,e.--sion a:Id-place t tem in noting lt.clian.Efed handsing ? security custody of all s&fTek
documents 'away from the agenclf'.% must have an appointment 'usalspecia safe and lock it. . A copy of the form g0C5
the re- lose . procedures . .are to the control room. \
Laird said Rand security was "iax" which i.'; verified bY.
and could not he tolera.ted coptionist. ? required. even though Vitzi- Except for a dozen re-
. ..
His action came in the wake of .
.,t , a i?..,, m In.ch ?lors frequ'ently are offi- . searchers who are work-
scandal surrounding the Pentai .tho. I
I.5 '5' ti :rre. ncL,., t t he ctals,f t,orn such agencies as /ing on crash studies, top
l. o
papers. Rand had custody of t ,.vo guard when you enter and the Central Intelligence" secret documents must be
AT e n c y, A i r Force or returned to the .control
sets wane Eitsberg was ? then the visitor is on his
.
- ? employed there in 1.969. . ow S t a t e Department a n d room at night.
n' to wander around. No
The two Rand sets were one knows whether - he .1'?1d top secret security ? Those who retain pos-
: clearances. ? s e s s i o n keep the doe-
closed
after Ellsbc.,rg dis-. works there or not."
timents in ? a special tani-
At Rand, the controls are If ' the visitor, leaves
closed that it was he who per-proof file "safe" with a
much tighter, the two for- Rand for lunch, he surren-
.1eaRed them: .
mer researchers said. They ders his badge at the door
combination lock. L e s s
Brodie said Laird's ac-
?tion in clamping a security outlined the system this and his departure is noted sensitive ?documents may
be kept by any researcher
way: . ' ? ? .-,?? - ? ? in the log. When he re-
lid on Rand ? was "unrea-
l There are guards on all . turns, 'he must pin the in his locked file cabinet.
sonable and y
pett a Only the researcher and
. three doors. .The arrival badge back on. - - ?
grandstand pay.. ?, ? one other person knows
"Laird is acting sore, : a n d departure of .eni- : To check out a to P secret the combination. It must
' ployes, who , must show document, ?a: Rand staff
that's all." - :. . be
. Ile said Laird 'should their pass, is recordedmemorized. To write it
on a member must have the ap- down is a security viola-
look to . his own org,aniza- tape recorder..
-
, ,- . propriate . security clear7. tion: - - - -
tion for comparisOn.. ? , .. ?VisitorS mustnave 111'. ance and must justify his T h e combination is
"Anyone Can go in the appointment to be admit- request at the top secret cha.nged every year.
,Pe?ntagon and walk ted. Their arrival is record- control room by supplying
'Pentagon Safes .
' around' w it h o ut being ed on a log on -which is the number of the project
challenged except in a few :noted their, names, Whom
on which he. is working (According to Brodie,
sections such as the offices they are calling on, 'Whom which attests to his "need there are safes all over the
of the Joint Chiefs of they represent, ? whether to know." Pentagon in which top. se-
Staff,'! said.Brodie, a . they are American eh i',:ens He cannot check out top cret ccuments are kept.
U C L A. political science-and whether they will be. secret documents unrelat- He said there is no require-
professor who stilt serves discussing classified. infor- ed to his project. He must ment for top secret doe-
as 'consultant to Rand. mation. . ... sign for his . document on uments to be returned to
.. "Every Pentagon office Waits. for Escort and IBM card which re- the control' rem, at the
has classified material in After verifying that he cords the document's ion:. end of the clay.) .
. At," he said. "It's handled has an aPpointment, the tion. . Every six months at
-. - carefully but anyone can -guard issues the visitor a He is resi5Onsible for the Rand, the top secret con-
go In," . . red badge bearing
his document until he returns trot room Makes a periodic
Another ?Agrees , ? -entrance until an escort Researchers must f011ov ument to verify theft lo-
name and holds him at the he
.;' s
.it to t control room. check of outstanding doc-
Another former Rand . arrives. He can . take his strict procedures I f' cation.
researcher, who declined briefeQse but must leave gttard documents in their Removal of classified
to be identified, backed ? camera and tape recorderposse.s.sion. Guards perio- n.late.rial from the pre.mi-
Brodie's remark i
s about behind. - ? dically patr ses 61 the offices, ;
is forbidden but Brodie
comparative ? . s e c u r i t y . . . No outsider without an note infractions and re- admitted guards do not
check the brief cases of
dation both AlizkprilA -lwr DarilL t- c in the?
based on 10 Rears of as.o-
vm.For Rele4 ikkbalms4 ri Ci IR . ger-01601R00020010041015,8when they
A' bib
-----tagon_and -Rand ? . _ leave.
Too many violations anc
the offender is fired or de
rooted to work not involv
ing classified information.
:No one can leave this Of-
fice unless all top secret
documents are locked in
his safe.
Those whose Offices are
on the first floor with win-
dows facing the street are ?
forbidden Ii' o in leaving
? the room with classified
information on their
desks. Neither can they
leave their safes open.
A top se.cret document
canna leave the office of
the man who checked it
out. Tie cannot' give it to a
colleague until he estab-
lishes that he has the pro-
per security clearance and
Lai'd 213:11ZS
..1.11 LI ?
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ff-IMMITChr.
The".Government.says.,,it keeps
..:..Clbse 'tabs on the top secret Ma-
::: tei?iat outside .its purview' (al-
thou'gh it admitted. that it had
temporarily' lost track'. 'of 'some
of its .own copies of the .Penta-
gon report).
? -.Everyone who has acceSs to
?classifled. ,material; whether in-
side, outside the Government,
?'
ithout.a
?
W4?1:3INGTON?TO readerS:of"
.suy" novels. the Words "Top
'cret" ;conjure . up a number of
-Vision's:?of windowless rooms .far
:beneath" the Pentagon where?be-:-.
specta.cIed Men spend days and
nights under heavy guard read-
ing 'coded messages; of armed
couriers and impenetrable vaults
wnere reams of sensitive doCu-
milts ere forever shielded from
the eyes of all a very few.
Recent events seem to show
that this picture, like most pop-
ular concepts of how the Gov-
ernment operates, is at least
partly myth. It came as a sur-
prise to many, for example, that
'until last week no fewer than
four copies of the Pentagon's
secret study of the Vietnam war
:.were stored beyond the Govern-
ment's immediate grasp. (One is
in a safe in the Washington law-
? offices of former Defense Secre-
tary Clark M. Clifford. Two have
'been recalled from , the Rand
'Corporation, a private research
institute, and another is in the
basement of the L.B.J. Library
on the University of Texas cam-
pus. In
, ?
?-must have received . an..-.appro-.
-.'priate security clearance:
? ? 'The clearances are not hand-
':'cd out like nickel, cigars .at a
--County - fair. Restricted doeu-
mentS are classified 'either Top
Secret,. Secret or Confidential,
;and an individual, 'Whose job in-
volves a "need tO know". only
-'"Confidential" material does not .
receive a higher clearance:
....When someone with a security.
Clearancei: whether . a Govern-
ment or private employe, retires
or resigns, he is "debriefed"----
reminded of whatever sensitive
information he has had access
to, then told to forget it:
The documents themselves are'
? supposed to go through a pain-
fully slow :declassification pro-
cedure. Executive Order 10501,
issued in 1953, instructs all Gov-
.crnment agencies to downgrade
classified information automat-
ically every three years. . Thus,
a report marked Top.- Secret in
1959 should have been down-
graded to Secret in 1962/and to
Confidential in 1965, .By 1971-
12 years later?it should have
then' been declassified and made
available to anyone -Who wants
to see it. ?
But-there are a number or ex-
ceptions and exemptions to this
rule that senior Government of-
ficials. may ''and --,do ;arbitrarily
use to keep information out. of
?
the, public domain for as long
as they, think necessar, :Seine.
Secret materials' -.dating.from
-
World War 11 .have not yet. been
declassified.
- This is -the way' it is all sup-
posed to work, but -theory. and.
practice in Washington ?often
differ. There are. hundreds of.
examples 'of secret- information.
/going astray, whether by clum-.
V siness or design, dating back to
the -infamous 1941 "leak" of the
"Rainbow Papers"--r-this coun-
try's secret war plans for Ger-
many, Japan and Italy?to The
Chicago. Tribune.
, "Without the use of 'Secrets,"wrote Max Frankel; The Mlles's-
Washington correspondent, in a'
court affidavit last week, "there
could be no adequate diplomatic,
Military and political ?reporting
Of the -kind our' people take- for
granted." Morebver,? he said::
'Presidents Make 'secret' deci-
sions only to -reveal -them for the
purposes of frightening -an' ad-
versary nation, wooing a?friend,7-
ly electorate [or] protecting their:
reputations."
Government officials who par-
ticipate in the "informal but...cus-
tomary traffic in secret informa-
tion" that Mr. Fra.nkel described
as an everyday-eiement of Wash-
ington journalism normally don't
run afoul of the espionage laws,
which stipulate that the Govern-
meat' must prove an individual's
intent to "injure". the interests
'of the United States before. he,
can be found guilty. .
?
. .
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15 june. 19Y1.
Recently the Senate Judiciary
?" ILA IA- t2,) Committee held public bearings
.))0 on the nomination of Otto
Otepka for reappointment to be
member of the Subversive Activities . Control
)30ard?a nomination which President Nixon had
...sent to the Senate in early March. The President
had previously sent the nomination of Mr. Otepka
to the Senate last fall during the 91st Congress
which had neglected to do anything about it,
. although the nominee has served on the board,
filling an unexpired term.
? ? The most eloquent spokesmen of the most pow-
erful left-wing organizations ganged up as wit-
nesses to present a united front in a scurrilous as-
sault against the courageous patriot, Otto Ote.pka,
who has been under continuous Leftist fire for ten
, long years! Another chapter can now be added
? to the revealing.book, The Ordeal of Otto Otepka,
by William J.. Gill. Historically, the Otepka Case
? ranks with the famed Dreyfus Case of France.
Actually Mr. Otepka's troubles began in late
1960?immediately after the Presidential election,
? when be was. Chief Security Evaluator of the State
Department. In December, 1960, Attorney General-
designate Robert F. Kennedy and Secretary of
State-designate . Dean Rusk personally asked.
Otepka to grant security waivers for the appoint-
/ ,i3nents of Walt W. Rostow and Archibald MacLeish
V to high posts in the State Department.
Mr. Otepka explained that before Dr. Rostow
could be appointed to a highly sensitive position
in the State Department that the Department had
to comply with the provisions of an Executive
Order requiring a current preappointment investi-
i:gation for such a position because a prior investi-
gation of Rostow was incomplete. He stated be
would make no evaluation of Rostow's security re-
liability except on the basis of a current FBI in-
\s/ vestigation. (Rostow had been previously rejected
for appointments in the CIA and the Pentagon be-
cause, investigations disclosed that be was a secur-
ity risk). Otepka stated that be had no authority
to. make an exception for Dr. MaeLeish, who re-
fused to fill ont government security forms in
connection with his proposed appointment. His
appointment was rejected by the State Depart-
ment Personnel Office for failure to comply with
personnel regulations. Bobby Kennedy flew into a
rage and berated Mr. Otepka.
STATI NTL
The aforegoing is a concise, factual account of !
what actually happened in the famous "confronta-
tion" between Bobby Kennedy and Mr. Otepka, !
but it :is not the story told by Leftists and the ,
Bobby Kennedy gang of hucksters?they claim that
Otepka was "biased" or "prejudiced" or worse! All
Washington knows that Bobby Kennedy was a
very vindictive man and the name. of Otepka: was ?
placed high on his personal "Hate List."
As soon as the Kennedy team took office, secur-
ity clearance was waived, and Walt W. Rostow
was appointed Deputy Special Assistant to the
President for, National Security Affairs directly un-
cle.r McGeorge Bundy, and later succeeded him as
the top security officer of the U.S. Government.'
His successor is now Henry Kissinger, who, iron-
ically, was granted a "90-day" waiver on his own
'security clearance?he was allowed to become en-
.denched for three months in his important White
4-10use job before the FBI could start checking up
--on his background. Knowing the fate of Otepka no
: One in the Federal government 'bad the moral
courageto turn in an adverse report on Kissinger.
? As soon as Dean Rusk took his oath of office as
Secretary of State, Bobby Kennedy henchmen
seized control of the security setup at State. The
Kennedy hatchetmen launched a campaign of ?
harassment .against Otepka; State Department em-
ployees who knew him were terrorized in an ef-
fort to make them bring incriminating charges
against him. The hatehetmen did not just want .to
abolish his job or transfer him or fire him?they
wanted to ,frame him On trumped-up charges pur-
suant to the whims of the vengeful Bobby and his
Leftist cohorts. Otepka was a menace. that Must
be destroyed, But Otepka turned out to be an
astute fellow who did not yield under pressure and
resign, as a lesser man ,vould have done. ?
Finally, in desperation, in November, 1963, Sec-
retary Rusk dismissed Mr. Otepka .from his: posi-
tion as chief of the evaluations section of the secur-
ity office. He Was charged with disclosing class-
ified information while testifying before the Sen-
ate. Internal Security Subcommittee. Actually,
Otepka's superiors had instructed him to truthfully ?
respond to all questions asked him during the
Senate inquiry.
Later, two Kennedy hatehetmen assigned .to
"get" Otepka confessed under oath before the
Senate internal Security Subcommittee that they
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. -
n(7' r1n --;:\
"dwin Muck, a free - Writer, 'i t I
H \>>,
; 11 1i
vint three months investigating the
w-edit bv.rcau i',Ifinstry in Chicago. 'A'iti3 ; Pit
t ! t -
2, the first of his two_part series. C.) L : L -J
137 Ldv4a Dkcf,
C-LiEPEI CunErv.--chis,ago so'l.esman
with a wife and child, two-bedroom
home, one car, a dog and a color
TV?decided it w.,:ts thue to move up to a
better paying kils. So Joe applied to a
new cealp,,,nly, was intaviewed and
hired. Wend-arta, right?
wouderfol, wrong. Because now, ace,
is washing day after day with a lyir
who knows how long it tal:.es him to pay
bills, and what bills he didn't pay last
:month, from whom sad how often he
borrows- money,whom Irl;3 close friends
are, what MS neighbors think of
him?and v,v.rst of all, that he was sved
? by his former wife five years ago for
nonpayment of ?aliniony.
Shocking? Not to the boss, who ohacks
into the personal life of possible
- employes every day. It's routine, and CO
easy as picl:iug up the phone and dialing
the number of the credit bureau.
Every transaction you make, cosh or
credit, is a possible entry into your own
?credit history. Since you reached 21,
your life has been cap,sulized on
computer tope and index cards and filed
with the credit bureau. .
And that information is available, not
iztuly to employers and creditors, but to
detective agencies, the federal govern-,
Meat, and even your next door neighbors.
-It amounts to a giant credit shadow,
lurking behind you every step of the
J. C. Penney didn't mind spending over out of state.
million last -ye,or to Lp07.1 To illustrate how accessible these
?cliorg,e and reVOIVing Charge ? accounts co-lifidential reports are, I obtained a frill
elf.TartInCilt. ? report on a business fricnd thru five
To minimize the idol risk Gr oranon, different beaus. C. B. C. C. releaszd
crodit,, an elKire industry ha's. bc,c,:l the Information to a doctor friend of
created?the credit bureau industry. In mine registered with the 131.1teal.l. TRW
chieaso, creditors vtillze thre.e Credit Data released the information to
co.,1,3mner c1u7it reportina.:: Ltri?e:?..u.s._ a clerk worl7Ing in a small clothing shop.
cr )3u
edit rean of c,ar...7.: cony4,- c-Ltlea,,.:0:Chicngo Credit Bureau blindly co;
Credit Bureau and TMV Credit a operated with used c s-d2-71',11 And
Credit Bureau of (.3?c17' Ir`rE:" 'car, two other minor bureaus co-operated
A" with me r
in the world, .f.to afte I first pretentled to -verify
Eacci f 1
elipiles information c;i the cod, numhur of a large deimrtmea
?
five million Chicago -area individun17,.: titore, .and then carted ac.ain using that
contaiDS adCire:".;3 toc1,3 numb .
rz
-employment history, a complete lLt cf
Tiff Credit Ii it is a national sex vice?
existing credit accounts or purchases, that stores all its recoras in an expansive
ora
the length of tiro:o it took to pay the
computer complex in California. TRW
has information on four million Chicago
area residents along with millions of in-
dividuals in ether cities, but limits its
reports strictly to consumer credit
reports [no character ? reports]. It
mah,tains a unique "protest code" to,
bills, any existing unpaid bills, any
financial lawsuits mcluuuig full docket
details, any liens, any bank accounts,
iy lc,ans, any inquiries from any other
creditors and anything else of surface
.1.,-.e.rest to any business concern con-
templathig any credit of ?any
the, on any torMs.
indicate vitmther a consumer disputes an
unpaid bill and will not deliver in-
Altho most of this data is now stored formation to any seekers except those
manually in long rows of metal files, who grant credit. This at least excludes
C. B. C. C. by July 1, - will convert detective agencies and kindred snoops.
totally. to CIIIIONUS, a gigantic corn- Chicago Credit Bureau, the city's first
Puter system that retrieves complete credit bureau, is as yet uncomputerized.
files hi less than a second. For under $2, It follows a credit cheek philosophy.
this ?information is available to any. similar to TRW's, but ears an extra
registered C. B. C. C. subscriber. service to its lomarads of Chicagolmd
- ?- clients: confidential character reports
? way. . ( ?1 which am written evaluations of a
?
defined is si.,..nply tryst, from.
the Latin word credo, which means "I
believe." A retail store or mail-oider
house will trust you iith mei ekindise or
services on your promise to pay.
Without this in a gic a 1 American
phenomenon, large deportitlent stores
would lose CO per cent of their
business, chain stores 49 per cent, and
the economy in general would shrivel.
consumer's "personal history, char-
Viho can subscribe? nott-lii establish- actor, integrity, credit record and
mento, oil companies, airlines, ban%s, h,aalth.,, to on.,