S. 1438-PROTECTION OF THE PRIVACY AND OTHER RIGHTS OF EXECUTIVE BRANCH EMPLOYEES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-01601R000100260001-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 18
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 16, 2001
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: May 18, 1972
• Content Type: OPEN

p~ S 8092 Approved or Re NMg0Q AQ4 ,L t1RDP?P 0 01 ROO
have never done anything to us." I have
listened as political leaders. commented
that "this shows you this country is in
trouble," and that "political assassina-
tion is becoming as American as apple
pie,? and that our country "is in really
great danger when those-differing-
voices can't be heard."
This is an assessment of the situation
which might have been justifiable in the
heat of the moment when a public offi-
cial is killed and there is some evidence
that it might be a plot. It is an assess-
ment which no sound thinking person
should make today, even under stress,
unless he deliberately seeks to infect the.
country With an unwarranted sense of
corporate guilt for political purposes.
For the truth of the matter is that the
previous assassinations have all been at
the Bands of deranged individuals. As a
society we bear no more guilt for their
acts than for the acts of Richard Speck
or the skyjackers, or any other unstable
individual whose own torment leads him
to acts of desperation.
I, too, believe we should continue to
search for ways to minimize the oppor-
tunity or incentive to commit such crimes
against our unheralded citizens as well
as our national leaders.
But we must keel) our perspective. We
must remember our history: That an
assassination attempt Was made on An-
drew Jackson's life in the first quarter of
the 19th century; that in 1856 a Member
of Congress beat Senator Charles Sum-
ner senseless on the floor of the Senate
and crippled him for life; that a inad-
man killed President Lincoln in 1860;
that another madman assassinated
President Garfield in 1881 and still an.-
other took the life of President McKinley
1111901.
Eleven years later an assassination at-
tempt seriously wounded President Theo-
doro Roosevelt and others of his party
while he campaigned for the presidency.
In 1935 an assassin took the life of Lou-
isiana Governor Huey P. Long. In 1954
there was a vicious attack on Members of
the House of Represent.a.t?ives, several of
whom were seriously wounded; and an
attempt, was also 'made to assassinate
President Truman. Only 9 years sepa-
rated that attack from the killing of
President Kennedy, and no more than 25
years have separated any of the attacks
mentioned.
Further, I do not set this forth as an
exhaustive summary of such crimes or
attempted crimes against political fig-
ures. Hardly a presidential election has
gone by that some private citizen has not
died in a quarrel over politics.
But we do not and must not attribute
these individual acts to a whole Nation.
If anything contributes to the atnlos-
phere that causes such acts it is the poli-
tics of confrontation in times of severe
testing, if there is any lesson here, it is
for the press and politicians to use the
utmost discretion in inflaming passions
for political purposes.
ECUTIVE BRANCH EMPLOYEES
Mr. ERVIN. Mr. President, last De-
ceniber, the Senate by unanimous con-
sent gave its approval for the third time
to S. 1.438, a bill to protect'the constitu-
tional rights of executive branch employ-
ees and prohibit umwarranteel govern-
mental invasion of their privacy. '
The bill is now pending before the
House Post Office and Civil Service Com-
mittee. That committee also has on its
agenda H.R. 11150, an amended version
of S. 1438 reported from the Employee
Benefits Subcommittee presided over by
Representative JAMES IIANLEY. H.R. 11150
is sponsored by Representatives HANLEY,
BRASCO, UDALL, CHARLES H. WILSON,
GALIFIANAIcIS, MATSUNAGA, and Mu-arisy
of New York.
Since it was first introduced in 1966
in response to complaints raised during
the Kennedy and Johnson administra-
tions, the need for this bill has been self
evident to everyone but the White House
and some of those who do its political
bidding in the civil service.
Its bipartisan nature is obvious from
the fact that in three Congresses more
than 50 Senators cosponsored it, and an
overwhelming majority of the Senate ap-
proved it each time.
The history of the fight for enactment
of this legislation is set out in an illuini-
nating article written by Robert M. Foley
and Harold P. Coxson, Jr., in volume 19
of the American University Law Review.
Although the article discusses the bill as
S. 782 in the 91st Congress, that version
was identical to S. 1438 as passed by the
Senate.
The authors have reservations about
certain inadequacies of the bill, which
I confess I share, but these are the re-
sults of compromises thought necessary
to obtain passage. They also believe the
bill does }lot go far, enough in meeting
other serious clue process problems often
encountered by individuals in their Fed-
eral employment. There are, I agree,
major omissions in the statutory guaran-
tees of the constitutional rights of these
citizens and the authors define them
well. As a practical matter, however, one
piece of legislation cannot effect all of
these changes. I believe we must begin
with the passage of S. 1438.
I wish to offer the observation that a
great deal of careful legislative drafting
is reflected in the balance S. 1438
achieves between the first amendment
rights of individuals and. the needs of
government as an employer. It is my
sincere hope that the balance so care-
fully developed over a 5-year period will
not be disturbed as the bill makes its way
toward. passage.
The authors conclude their analysis
with these observations, which I com-
mend to the attention of Members of
.Co.lgress interested in protecting the
right of privacy of all Americans:
There Is no question of greater impor-
tance to a free society than that of defining
the right of privacy. This right is the most
important pillar of freedom. The framers
of the Constitution, with a keen awareness
of the case with which tyrannous power
can be used to erode freedom had this right
clearly in mind as they wrote that citizens
should be "secure in their persons, houses,
papers, and effects, against unreasonable
searches and seizures . ." In fact, the
heart of the Bill of Rights is predicated upon
this right. In this light one must view the
-tutionally protected area. To allow en-
croachments upon the right to privacy of
federal employees within the framework. of
free society may lead to an irrevocable dis-
integration of the right to privacy for all.
The Court has been able to deflne some
areas where privacy Is protected, but this
is not enough. There is no definitive guide-
line for such an Interpretive process. The
time is ripe for Congress to begin a com-
prehensive definition of this right, since,
this process obviously cannot be achieved
entirely through the courts. The guideline
must come from Congress, which Is the only
government body charged with expressing
the common will of society. S. 782 appears
to be a good stepping stone.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that the article, entitled "A Bill to
Protect the Constitutional Right to Pri-
vacy of Federal Employees," be printed
in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[From the American University Law Review]
S. 782-A BILL To ?PaOTECr, TilE CONNrI'r0'-
TIONAL 1j.IGIIT TO PRIVACY OF FEDERAL EbI-
FLOYEES
LEGISLATIVE IIISTORY
A State which dwarfs its men, in order
that they may be more docile Instruments iii
its hands even for beneficial purposes-will
find that with small men no great thing can
really be accomplished.. ?
Legislative attention has recently been
focused on the unwarranted invasions of
privacy and restrictions on liberty perpe-
trated by the .Federal Government against
Its, nearly three minion civilian employees.
S. 782,2 recently proposed in the 91st Con-
gress, addresses the question posed by the
philosopher John Stuart Mill a little over a
century ago: What are the limits of legiti-
mate interference with individual liberty? 3
.Today, expanding federal activities and in-
creasing ieliance on technological innova-
tions have extended the traditional limits to
the point that -further interference will ren-
der "individual liberty" a hollow phrase.
Although occasional encroachments on tra-
ditional areas of 1Uberty ancl, privacy might
be Justified by the overriding interests of
society,' there is a need to periodically re-
examine the extent to which such encroach-
ments will be, sanctioned. "There Is once
again serious reason to suggest that the law
must expand its protection if man's tradi-
tional freedoms are to be preserved." I
S. 782 Is a legislative atempt to protect
federal employees from specific violations of
their constitutional rights ? and to provide
a statutory basis for the redress of such vio-
latiouG 7 The major emphasis of the bill is
the protection of federal employees from
unwarranted Invasions of privacy by gov-
ernment officials. This article will demon-
strkte the need for S. 782, analy e its pro-
visions, and measure its effectiveness.
For the past five congressional sessions,
violations of federal employee rights have
been'the subject of "intensive hearings and'
investigation" by the Subcommittee on Con-
stitutionai Rights of the Senate Judiciary
Committee 8 As a result of numerous com-
plaints from civil servants,9 the Subconvnit-
tee initiated legislatalve hearings in June,
1965, on "Psychological Tests and Constitu-
tional Rights." 11 Following these hearings,
the Chairman of the Subcommittee, Senator
Sam J. Ervin, Jr. wrote to then ?
President Lyndon B. Johnson:
"The invasions of privacy have now reached
such alarming proportions and are assuming
such varied forms that the matter now de-
mands your immediate and personal atten-
tion." it
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1 Would Punch
IF ONE were to set about to de-.
.vise a 'sure way to disrupt American
:espionage, Sen. John Sherman Coop-
er's method sooner or later would
suggest itself. Senator Cooper pro-
poses, in a bill he has introduced, to
i:6-quire the Central, Intelligence
Agency to make full reports to the
mill r and foreign affairs commit.
Ades of Congress.
-What we are dealing with here is
no tiny, select group of congressmen,
all sworn to keep their lips buttoned
in a town where babble is the rule.
We are talking about a Senate For-
eign Relations Committee of 16
members and a House Foreign Af-
fairsCommittee of 38 members and
a Senate Armed Services Committee
of 16 members and a House Armed
Services Committee of 39 members
Allowing for duplication in member-
ship, we are still talking in terms of
a hundred or so legislators, few if
any of them with any experience in
espionage.
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To' open the nation's intelligence
files to this great throng of no doubt
well-intentioned legislators would do
.very little to lengthen the odds on
national survival-if one assumes. a
relationship between survival and in-
telligence. And it is -only because
Congress does assume the existence
of such a relationship that it contin-
ues to fund the CIA. In other words,
it would be cheaper to disallow the
appropriation.
Secrets are hard enough to keep
in Washington's tattle-tale society, as
witness the Pentagon Papers and the
Anderson Papers and who-knows-
it was Sen. Mike Gravel who dashed
madly to the microphones in the
dead of night so that he might be the
first to divulge the still-secret Penta-
gon Papers before the federal courts,
just then beginning their delibera-
tions, had an opportunity. to declassi-
fy them.
. It is into the hands of Senator.
Gravel, if he should happen to find
his way into one of the affected com-
mittees, or into the hands of some
other senator or represenative whose
flawed discretion has yet to come to
light that Senator Copper proposes
to lay the nation's topmost intelli-
gence data. The whole -idea is pre-
posterous.
- . Some. will.. assert perhaps that
congressional dealings with the At-
omic Energy Commission show that
security leaks are no problem. The
situations are in no way analogous..
The AEC reports to the Joint Com-
mittee on Atomic Energy, made up
of only eight members from each
house, all carefully selected and
screened, presumably, to weed out
reckless and irresponsible members..
. :None of these precautions are
possible under Senator Cooper's bill.
What Senator Cooper proposes is
to destroy the CIA as an effective in-
strument of national policy. He pro-
poses to do it on the specious ground
that only by breaching the U. S. in-
telligence apparatus can Congress
faithfully discharge its duties to the
American public. Perhaps some bet-
ter method of congressional over-
-sight is required. We do not say that
it isn't. But we do say that .Senator
Cooper's method isn't it; and Con-
 P4IX-X _ WORLD
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0 on
0- CJ) V) ir (-~A 3 Q R 2 Q U. Z
By SAM KUSHNER
LOS ANGELES. Jan. 13 - At a crowded press con-.
ference here earlier this week, Gus Hall, presidential can-
didate of the Communist Party. told reporters that he
would end the war, padlock the Pentagon, CIA and FBI,
release Angela Davis and other political prisoners, and
outlaw racism immediately if elected., _
The conference attracted a
.score of radio and TV newscasters
as well as newspaper reporters,
and the interview got national as
well as local coverage. Hall out-
lined what he would do on the
first two days in office. "We
would declare the war in Indo-
china over," he said. "We would
order the withdrawal of all armed
forces from Indochina followed
by an order of withdrawal of
armed forces from every corner
of the world." . -
"We would order the padlocking
of the three centers of aggression
and repression in the U.S., the
Pentagon, the Central Intelligence
Agency headquarters and the
FBI," the Communist Party gen-
eral secretary added. This would
be followed by the release of all
political prisoners, "starting of
course with Angela Davis here in
California."
Honor resisters
Insofar as the young people
"who have refused 'to participate
in this immoral and unjust war,"
Hall said, "means will be devised
to honor them, not just grant them
amnesty."
To cap that 'memorable first
day, he. envisioned issuing execu-
tive orders "to outlaw racism in
every respect" and also cancel
war production contracts' which
he estimated would save the Amer-
ican people $100 billion.
On the second day, Hall went
on, his new administration would
propose legislation for a massive
housing program that would
"eliminate the slums and provide
housing at prices people could
pay," increased hospital con-
struction, free medical care, un-
limited unemployment compen-
sation, and nationalization of the
banks and basic industries. All
these would be made possible with
funds released from military
spending.
Hits Nixon's'joker'
During the presidential cam-
paign, Hall said, he. and his vice-
presidential running mate, Jarvis
Tyner, will hit hard at what he
called "the joker in Nixon's plans
about a generation of peace."
Nixon's refusal to set the date for
complete withdrawal indicates
that he "has a plan of withdrawing
enough to win the election but to
be in a position to re-escalate the
war after the election."
Hall said that he was. exploring
with Communist Party leaders in
California possible plans for
getting the party on the ballot
here. lie said he did not under-
estimate the impact of highly
restrictive electoral laws which
mitigate against accomplishing
this.
He expressed full confidence
that "a revolutionary party like
ours will continue to grow as cap-
italism sinks deeper into crisis."
"As far as the left is concerned,"
he sarid, "the CP is the most youth-
ful and influential party that
there is."
Candidates are workers
The Communist Party candi-
dates "will influence the elec-
tion," he added. "I think Ameri-
cans will have a clearer under-
standing of how we face problems
as a result of the election."
Hall said that special pride is
taken by the Communist Party in
GUS HALL
the fact that both its candidates
this year are workers. Tyner,
president of the Young Workers
Liberation League, is a young
black metal worker.from Phila-
delphia. Hall, a former steelwork-
er, lumberjack and construction
worker; helped organize the fore-
runner of the present Steelwork.
ers Union,
STATINTL
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? Lhicaan Daily News Service 11 ii t 1111 11 H \~. fa [1 H ;l li V`- H I? kl.111,~,1_11 I
STATINTL
-
n.:
YYfiJt111NUIViN--11 we VCIIILdI Li LL tt- _ _ L+_y,-.a _
+/gence Agency (CIA) and allied twits in, Kissinger responsibility for making a net "Iias`this new White house coNiniitlce
_/ the `govtsiiiii ent have been inefficient or . assessment of all available intelligennnce. been given authority or/and responsi-
unresponsive, Sen. Stuart Symington, -
D-Mo., wants to know how and why. Symington asked in a statement on the bility which heretofore was the responsi-
Symington, ranking member of the Senate floor how the role of CIA Dire ~bility of the CIA; and which the Con-
Senate Armed Services Committee, also tor Richard Helms was being "enhanced' gross, under the National Security Act,
wants an explanation of why appropriate by the "creation?of a new and obviously vested in the agency?
congressional committees were not ? con. more powerful supervisory committee "How can the integrity of the into Ili-
chaired by the adviser to the President
sulted in advance of administrative for national security affairs, gence product be assured when responsi-
changes - in ' tho intelligence operations bility for the most critical aspects of in-
announced by President Nixon last Fri- He also noted that the attorney gen- telligence analysis is taken out of the
'day. _ oral and the chairman of the Joint Chiefs hands of career professionals and vested r
of Staff will sit on 'the new committee. in a combination of military professionals p;
A White House spokesman says there Symin ton asked two questions about it: and the White House staff."
were consultations with key congres- g q
`
sional leaders before the changes were
made. But Symington says that the CIA V
subcommittee of the Armed Services
Committee has not met this year.
Symington's challenge centered on the
administration's alleged failure to consult'
Congress. While he admitted the changes.
might be ".constructive," he posed several'
,questions based on the White House
press release that described the reor-i
ganization as an effort to improve the
"efficiency and effectiveness" of all U.S..~
intelligence. STATINTL
It would provide an "enhanced leader-' i ?
ship role" for the CIA's director and / .
would give presidential adviser. 'Ilery
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STATINTL
IMESTEAD, FLA.
NEWS LEADER
.
1971.
Nov 3
- 10,;19
! 1. '-s f ,u t e Po'we ?
iTh `.h e lii~ f ~fL.e
According to a recent article in The Christian
Science Monitor, "Lewis F. Powell Jr. of Virginia,
one of President Nixon's two new nominees for
the Supreme Court, says he believes the threat
of internal subversion is such that' it may be
necessary to waive prior court authorization in
order to wiretap in national-security cases in-
volving `the radical Left'.
"Law-abiding citizens have nothing to fear,"
he said.
`Powell gives his reasons for this . position
as the government's stated need for `secrecy'.
.,.and in order to protect sources of information.
Two basic questions arise as a counter to
Powell's position here. Who- defines the `law
abiding citizen'? Does protecting the govern.-
ment's `need' to secrecy mean an even greater
concentration of power in the hands of the FBI
and CIA which exercise that power insulated from
the: 'right' of the people to question it?'
If the government's inner societies is given
the unchecked. power to define `law abiding
citizen', what v; will their definition be. Given the
FBI and CI 1p :I~ f=chant for holding dosiers on
even respected senators and congressmen let
along other critics of national policy, that
definition may well narrow itself to the Archie
I;unker types.
The real danger here is' unchecked power.
Powell is -stating that the government's `need'
for secrecy and protection of sources is so g.'r.at
that the courts looking at-it may be a risk.
Our government has been set up with three
branches to check each other. What is happening
A ere by eliminating the courts, which' make
constitutional judgements, ? is a cutting off of any
constitutional restraint.
Since much of the money pouring into the
FBI and CIA as secret, kept even from the
members of con cress, the congressional checks i,
are already cut off.
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LATR01;E, PA.
BULLETIN
3 0
E _:.2 7 , 3 0 6
r..
If
William I,', I.Aichar&m oil
Grecusburg, who is atlompting
to sue the federal government
claiming that funds e pended in
secret by the Central In-
felligrnce A~ eney (CIA) V iolat i
the -U.S: Constitution, has ap-
pealed his ' case to the U.S.
Third Circuit Court of
Appeals.
Richardson ' tiled a writ, of
certiorari this \"'cek, naming the.
United States, John Connally,
Treasury Secretary, and 'S. S.
Soho, . Commissioner of . Ac-.
courts, as respondents.
The petition asks the high
-:court for leave to revie a
-federal district court riding
which dismisses; the case and
refusecl to convene a three-
1judge court to hear the merits of the can..
.1-Uchardsod, claim: this U.S.
CodW-ifution ;specifically forbids
the government to expend fund:.
in secret and th:t, as a resttlh
.of, secret aecotill tnl,, reports by
t h c U.S. Treasury are
fraudulent. '
11e also alleges that funds for
the -CIA are drawn fraiii the
,budgets of all other government
agencies, making the acebunt.s
filed by those agencies false.
The federal government has
3O days in which to file all
tim=er to the. petition, - after
which the third clrcut t: court
will make P. rulit!g,
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1971
[[ ~n
For some time l have been disturbed by the way the CIA has been
diverted from its original 'assignment. It has become an operational and
at times policy-making arm of the government. I never thought when 1
set up the ,CIA that it would be injected into peacetime cloak-and-
dagger opera-,ions. -ex- President Harry S. Truman.
J
of Newspaper E
be supervised i
Intelligence Ag,
The time is Io
supervisory role
Central Intellig
War. Under thi;
CIA administra
of inquiry by i
and specificallt
requiring disch
titles, salaries
CIA; (ii) expe
tions on expci
the Director's
'without adver
Government
the Governme
for staff abroa(
their families
1949 Central I
Director a lice
With so ML
is seen by ma
Stifle coups,
in Guatemala
Mossadegh i
the Cuban I
failure). The
President Ker
28, 1961,'z
heralded --
the
Because
agency's-"m._-
representative of the unending gamtoRry aiiu u,y;,.., . ?- -
life hurrran aspect of espionage- and secret operations. Al. this
level the stakes are lower and the "struggle" frequently takes
bizarre and even ludicrous twists. For, as Alexander Foote
noted i n his f/ancltJook for Spies, the average agent's "'re rl
difficulties are concerned with the practice of his trade. The
setting up of his transmitters, the obtaining of funds, and
the arrangement of his rendezvous. The irritating administra-
tive details occupy a disproportionate portion of his waking
life."
As an example of the administrative hazards, one day in
1960 a technical administrative employee of the CIA
stationed at its quasi-secret headquarters in Japan flew to V
Singapore to conduct a reliability test of a local recruit. On
arrival he checked into one of Singapore's older hotels to
receive the would-be spy and his CIA recruiter. Contact was
made. The recruit was instructed in what a lie detector test
does and was wired up, and the technician. plugged the
machine into the room's electrical outlet. Thereupon it
blew out all the hotel's lights. The ensuing confusion and
darkness did not cover. a getaway -by the trio. They were
discovered, arrested, and jailed as American spies.
By itself the incident sounds like a sequence from an old
Peters Sellers movie, however, its consequences were not
nearly so funny. In performing this routine mission the
CIA set off a two-stage international incident between
England-.and the United States, caused the Secretary of
State to write a letter of apology to a foreign chief of state,
made the U.S. Ambassador to Singapore look like 'the
proverbial cuckold, the final outcome being a situation
wherein the United States Government linrl in public
ment agen I Pir9~e c 94n a O"e-i kkil/ lfl4th`3C1 - 018000100260001-5
CIA's Director, acknowledged before the American Society
OTI-LING has happened since that pronouncement by
the agency's creator in December 1'963 to remove or
reduce the cause for concern over the CIA's develop-
ment. As currently organized, supervised, structured and
led, it may be that the CIA has outlived its usefulness.
Conceivably, its very existence causes the President and the
.National Security Council to rely too much on clandestine
operations. Possibly its reputation; regardless of the facts, is
now so bad that as a foreign policy instrument the agency
has become counter-productive. Unfortunately the issue of
-its efficiency, as measured by its performance in preventing
past intelligence failures and consequent foreign policy
fiascos, is always avoided on grounds of "secrecy". So.
American taxpayers provide upwards of $750,000,000 a
year for the CIA without knowing how the money is spent or
to what extent the CIA fulfils or exceeds its authorized
intelligence functions.
The gathering of intelligence is a necessary and legitimate
activity in time of peace as well as in war. But it does, raise
a very real problem of the proper place and control of
agents who are required, or authorized on their own
recognizance', to commit acts of espionage. In a democracy
it also poses the dilemma of secret activities and the values
of a free society. Secrecy is obviously essential for espionage
but it can be - and has been - perverted to hide intelligence
activities even - from those with the constitutional re-
sponsibility to sanction them. A common rationalization is,
the phrase "If the Ambassador/Secretary/President doesn't
know he won't have to lie to cover up." The prolonged birth
of the CIA was marked by a reluctance on the part of
politicians and others to face these difficulties, and the
agency as it came to exist still bears the marks of this
indecision.
What we need to do is to examine how the U.S. gathers
its intelligence, and consider how effective its instruments
 CON FREMM1W.~._T, QUARTZ II Y
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ST NTL
Since the Central Intelligence Agency was given
authority in 1949 to operate without normal legislative
oversight, an uneasy tension has existed between an un-
informed Congress and an uninformative CIA.
In the last two decades nearly 200 bills aimed at
making the CIA more accountable to the legislative
branch have been introduced. Two such bills have been
reported from committee. None has been adopted.
The push is on again. Some members of Congress
are insisting they should know more about the CIA and
about what the CIA knows. The clandestine military
operations in Laos run by the CIA appear to be this
year's impetus.
Sen. Stuart Symington (D Mo.), a member of the
Armed Services Intelligence Operations Subcommittee
and chairman of the Foreign Relations subcommittee
dealing with U.S. commitments abroad, briefed the
Senate June 7 behind closed doors on how deeply the
CIA was involved' in the Laotian turmoil. Ile based his
briefing on a staff report. (Weekly Report p. 1709, 1660,
1268)
Ile told the Senate in that closed session: "In all my
committees there is no real knowledge of what is going on
in Laos.*We do not know the cost of the bombing. We do
not know about the people we maintain there. It is a
secret war."
As a member of two key subcommittees dealing with
the activities of the CIA, Symington should be privy to
more classified information about the agency than most
other members of Congress. But Symington told the Sen-
ate he had to dispatch two committee staff members to
Laos in order to find out what the CIA was doing.
If Symington does not know what the CIA has been
doing, then what kind of oversight function does Congress
exercise over the super-secret organization? (Secrecy
fact sheet, Weekly Report p. 1785)
A Congressional Quarterly examination of the over-
sight system exercised by the legislative branch, a study
of sanitized secret documents relating to the CIA and
interviews .with key staff members and members of Con-
gress indicated that the real power to gain knowledge
about CIA activities and expenditures rests in the hands
Of four powerful committee chairmen and several key
members of their committees--Senate and House Armed
Services and Appropriations Committees.
The extent to which these men exercise their power
in ferreting out the details of what the CIA does with its
secret appropriation determines the quality of legislative
oversight on this executive agency that Congress voted
into existence 24 years ago.
The CIA Ares .v rs to...
As established by the National Security Act of 1947
(PI. 80-253), the Central Intelligence Agency was ac-
countable to the President and the National Security
excluded the agency from scrutiny by Congress, but also
no provision which required such examination. STATINTL
To clear up any confusion as to the legislative intent
of the 1947 law, Congress passed the 1949 Central Intel-
ligence Act (PL 81-110) which exempted the CIA from all
federal laws requiring disclosure of the "functions, names,
official titles, salaries or numbers of personnel" employed
by the agency. The law gave the CIA director power to
spend money "without regard to the provisions of law
and regulations relating to the expenditure of govern-
ment funds." Since the CIA became a functioning organi-
zation in 1949, its budgeted funds have been submerged
into the general accounts of other government agencies,
hidden from the scrutiny of the public and all but a se-
lect group of ranking members of Congress. (Congress
and the Nation Vol. 1, p. 306, 249)
In the Senate, the system by which committees
check on CIA activities and budget requests is straight-
forward. Nine, men-on two committees-hold positions
of seniority which allow them to participate in the regular
annual legislative oversight function. Other committees
are briefed by the CIA, but only on topical matters and
not on a regular basis.
Appropriations. William W. Woodruff, counsel
for the Senate Appropriations Committee, and the only
staff man for the oversight subcommittee, explained that
when the CIA comes before the five-man subcommittee,
more is discussed than just the CIA's budget.
"We look to the CIA for the best intelligence on the
i/
Defense Department budget that you can get," Woodruff
told Congressional Quarterly. He said that CIA Director
Richard Helms provided the subcommittee with his k/
estimate of budget needs for all government intelligence
operations.
Woodruff explained that although the oversight
subcommittee was responsible for reviewing the CIA bud-
get, any - substantive legislation dealing with the agency
would originate in the Armed Services Committee, not
Appropriations.
No transcripts are kept when the CIA representative,
(usually Helms) testifies before the subcommittee. Wood-
ruff said the material `covered in the hearings was so
highly classified that zany transcripts would have to be
kept under armed guard 24 hours a day. Woodruff does,
take detailed notes on the sessions, however, which are
held for him by the CIA. "All I have to do is call," lie
said, "and they're on my desk in an hour."
Armed Services. "The CIA budget itself does not
legally -require any review by Congress," said T. Edward
Braswell, chief counsel for the Senate Armed Services
Committee and the only staff man used by the Intelli-
gence Operations Subcommittee.
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CIA Oversight Subcommittees
Four subcommittees have the official function of
monitoring Central Intelligence Agency programs
and, passing judgment on the agency's budget before
the figures are submerged in the general budget.
Senate. Arrived Services Committee, Central
Intelligence Subcommittee (reviews CIA programs,
not the budget)---John C. Stennis (D Miss.), *Stuart
Symington (1) Mo.), Henry M. Jackson (D Wash.),
Peter H. Dominick (R Colo.) and Barry Goldwater
(R Ariz.);
Appropriations Committee, Intelligence Opera-
tions Subcommittee comprised of the five ranking
members on the Defense Subcommittee-Allen J.
E]lender (D La.),* John L. McClellan (D Ark.), Sten-
nis, Milton R. Young (R N.D.), Margaret Chase
Smith (It Maine);
Foreign Relations Committee in 1967 was invited
by Stennis and Ellender to send three members to
any joint briefings of the Appropriations and Anned
Services oversight subcommittees. The three mem-
beis were J.V. Fulbright (D Ark.), George D. Aiken
(R Vt.) and Mike Mansfield (D Mont.). There have
been no joint meetings in at least the last year.
However, CIA Director Richard Helens did appear
nee in March before a Foreign Relations subcom-.J
ittee.
house. Armed Services Committee, Intel-
ligence Operations Subcommittee (created in July)-
Luicien N. Nedzi (D Mich.), William G: Bray (R Ind.),
Alvin E. O'Konski (R Wis.), 0. C. Fisher (D Texas),
Melvin Price (I) I11.), with ex officio members F.
Edward Hebert (D La.) and Leslie C. Arends (R 111.).
Appropriations Committee, Intelligence Opera-
tions Subcommittee---membership undisclosed.
Believed to be the five ranking members of the
Defense Subcommittee headed by committee chair-
man George Mahon (D Texas). Also would include
Robert L. F. Sikes (D Fla.), Jamie L. Whitten (D
Miss.), William E. Minshall (R Ohio), -John J. Rhodes
(R Ariz.). Indicates subcommittee chairman.
The role of the Armed Services Committee is not to
examine the CIA's budget, Braswell said, but rather to
review the programs for: which the appropriated funds
pay.
"The budget is gone into more thoroughly than
people (on the committee) would admit," Braswell ex-
plained. "It's just reviewed in a different way than, say,
,the State Department's budget is." The committee's
chief counsel said the budget review was conducted by
a "very select group... more select than the five-man
subcommittee."
In the June 7 closed session of the Senate, Jack Miller
(R Iowa) said, "I find it very difficult to believe that the
oversight committee could not obtain some pretty ac-
curate information on how much of that CIA money was
going to Laos."
Symington's reply: "There is a war going on in Laos
and money is being spent in heavy quantities, about
which the Senate knows nothing. I am a member of
literally all the committees involved. Each time we go
into Laos and believe we have uncovered the last leaf of
what has been and is going on, we find later that it is
not true."
Foreign Relations. Since the CIA never has been
recognized officially as an agency involved in making
foreign policy, the operations of the agency have not
regularly been scrutinized by the Foreign Relations Com-
mittee. The Armed Services Committee reviews the
agency's program annually because threats to the United
States, against which the CIA guards, traditionally have
been military in nature. The Appropriations Committee
checks on the CIA's budget because the committee ex-
amines all money requests of government agencies; the
CIA provides valuable intelligence on Pentagon programs
about which the committee has an interest. The Foreign
Relations Committee was a newcomer into the circle of
CIA-knowledgeable committees.
In the spring of 1967, secret CIA aid for student activ-
ities became the cover story for Ramparts magazine. Theli
national press picked up the story and soon it became
widely known that the CIA had been contributing money
to the National Student Association (NSA) and other
tax-exempt foundations and was playing more than a
casual role in jockeying CIA personnel into leadership
positions in the various organizations.
The response in Congress to the NSA story was the
introduction of seven bills in one montl.-all aimed at
allowing Congress a closer look at the CIA. One pro-
pos~l, sponsored by former Sen. Eugene J. McCarthy
(1) Minn. 1959-71), would have involved an investigation
of the CIA by a select committee armed with subpoena
power. A proposal to set up a similar oversight and investi-
gating committee had been killed in 1966 on a procedural
ruling regarding committee jurisdiction. With the new
series of embarrassing CIA revelations, the McCarthy
proposal posed a threat to the long-standing oversight
system. -
Don Henderson, a Foreign Relations Committee
staff member, said that in an effort to undermine support
for the McCarthy bill, the Foreign Relations Committee
was invited to send three members to all CIA joint
briefings held by the Armed Services and Appropriations
Committees. The original members were J. W. Fulbright
(D Ark.), Mike Mansfield (D Mont.) and Bourke B.
Iickenlooper (R Iowa), who was replaced by George
Aiken (R Vt.) when Hickenlooper retired in 1968.
Woodruff, counsel for the Armed Services Committee,
said that the committee had not -met jointly on CIA busi-
ness with the Appropriations Committee for at- least one
year. "Maybe it's been two years," he said, "I'm not sure."
CIA Director Helms, however, appeared before the
Foreign Relations Committee for a special briefing on
Laos in March.
"I have known," Fulbright told the Senate during the
June 7 closed session, "and several (other) Senators have
known about this secret army (in Laos). Mr. Helms testi-
fied about it. He gave the impression of being more can-
did than most of the people we have had before the
committee in this whole operation. I did not know enough
to ask him everything I should have...."
THE HOUSE
Two committees in the House acknowledge that
they participate in oversight of the CIA---Armed Services
and Appropriations. The Armed Services Committee has
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a five-man subcommittee reviewing the programs of all
intelligence organizations. The Appropriations Committee
refused to say who on the committee reviews the CIA
budget.
Armed Services. A new subcommittee forciied in
July has filled a hole on the committee that has been
left since F. Edward Hebert (D La.) reorganized the
Armed Services Committee and abolished the CIA Over-
sight Subcommittee that had been run by the late L.
Mendel Rivers, chairman of the committee until his
death Dec. 28, 1970.
Hebert's plan was to democratize the committee by
allowing all to hear what the CIA was doing instead of
just a select group of senior members. Freshman commit-
tee member Michael Harrington (D Mass.) said that
Hebert was making an honest attempt to spread the
authority, but the full committee CIA briefings were
still superficial. "To say that the committee was per-
forming any real oversight function was a fiction,"
Harrington said.
When Helms came before the full committee, Ilar-
ringt.on asked what the CIA budget was. I-Ielms. said that
George Mahon (D Texas), chairman of the Appropriations
Committee, had instructed him not to reveal any bud-
get figures unless Armed Services Chairman Hebert
requested the information. Hebert said "no" according to
Harrington and the budget figures remained a mystery.
As in the Senate, the House Armed Services Commit-
tee is responsible more for what the CIA does than how
much it spends, according to the committee's chief
counsel, John R. Blandford. The Armed Services Com-
mittee does not meet jointly for CIA briefings with the
Appropriations Committee or with the Foreign Affairs
Committee, Blandford said..
The new subcommittee, responsible for reviewing
)all aspects of intelligence operations, was put under the
leadership of Lucien N. Nedzi (D Mich.)-a leading
House opponent of the Indochina war and critic of'Penta-
gon spending. I-Ic'sert said he chose Nedzi "because he's a
good man, even though we're opposed philosophically."
Hebert's predecessor as committee chairman, Mendel
Rivers, regarded the oversight subcommittee as so im-
portant he named himself as subcommittee chairman.
Nedzi said that Hebert had placed no restrictions on how
the subcommittee should be run or what it should cover.
When Hebert took over as chairman of the full
committee and abolished the CIA Oversight Subconnnit-
tee, there were 10 members of the subcommittee. One of
the original 10 left Congress in January, one died, Hebert
and Leslie- C. Arends (R Ill.) currently serve as ex
officio members, four have been renamed to the sub-
committee and two members have been bumped-Charles
E. Bennett (D Fla.) and Bob Wilson (R Calif.). Both
Blandford, the subcommittee's new staff man, and
?I larrington said that the new subcommittee was formed
because the full committee hearings were too unwieldy,
not because Hebert wanted Bennett and Wilson off the
subcommittee.
Appropriations. In interviews with two staff
members of the House Appropriations Committee, Con-
gressional Quarterly learned that the membership of the
committee's intelligence oversight subcommittee' was
confidential. When asked why the membership - was a-
secret, Paul Wilson, staff director, said: "Because that's
Intelligence [Zeorganizcatioti
The Central Intelligence Agency was created as
the clearinghouse of intelligence information gather-
ed by the various government agencies responsible
for espionage, code-cracking and other forms of
intelligence work. The CIA was intended to loosely
coordinate operations of all the different intelligence-
gathering groups.
The place as originally conceived has not worked
to total satisfaction. The Washington Post reported
Aug. 16 that the White I-louse, which ordered a study
of ways to consolidate the far-flung intelligence-
gathering operations of all branches of government,
was looking for ways to cut at least $500'-million
and 50,000 employees from the. estimated $5-billion
and 200,000 employees currently representing what
is believed to be the total intelligence program.
The Post reported that Allen J. Ellender (D La.),
chairman of the Senate Appropriations Committee,
has forced the Administration to look into budget-
cutting plans by threatening to slice a piece of the
appropriation from the White [louse request.
the way it's. always been." Ralph Preston, a staff man
for the. Defense Subcommittee, said the information was
a secret, but admitted that more members than just
Chairman Mahon were responsible for reviewing the
agency's budget.
Rep. Harrington said he has requested the compo-
sition of the subcommittee and has been refused time in-
formation. "I'm just sure the CIA committee consists of
the five ranking members of Mahon's subcommittee on
defense," Harrington said. Other sources indicated that
Harrington's conclusion was correct.
Quality of Congress' Oversight
Because most members of Congress have not been
aware of what the CIA was planning until long after the
agency had already acted, more than one Senator or
House member has made embarrassing statements out of
line with fact.
Former Sen. Wayne Morse (D Ore. 1945-69), a
member of the Foreign Relations Committee, took the
Senate floor April 20, 1961 -five days after the Cuban
Bay of Pigs invasion-and said: "There is not a scintilla
of evidence that the U.S. government has intervened in
the sporadic rebellion which has occurred inside Cuba.
That rebellion has been aided from outside by Cuban
rebel refugees who have sought to overthrow the Castro
regime.".
Four days later Morse admitted: "We now know
that there has been a covert program under way to be of
assistance to the Cuban exiles in an invasion of Cuba and
that assistance was given by the United States govern-
ment. We did not know at the legislative level, through
the responsible committees of the Senate, what the pro-
gram and the policies of the CIA really were."
The Morse speech, delivered nine days after the
Bay of Pigs invasion, was the first mention in either the
House or Senate of U.S. involvement in the invasion at-
tempt. (Congress and the Nation Vol. 1, p. 127)
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Four Approaches to Chaftc,;:e
Although more than a dozen bills and amend-
ments relating to greater legislaive control of the
CIA were introduced in the Senate and House prior
to Aug. 6 (summer recess), four basic approaches to
altering the present system of oversight have emerged.
o In every Congress since 1953, a resolution has
been introduced which sought to establish a joint
committee on intelligence operations and information
which would include members of key committees from
both the Senate and House. From the 83rd to the
92nd Congress this type of resolution has been intro-
duced, refcricd to committee and killed by lack of
action.
o The approach adopted by Sen. George McGov-
ern (D S.D.) in S 2231 was aimed at gaining a single-
sum disclosure of the CIA budget to be voted on by
the House and Senate as a line budget item annually.
o A proposal which sought to provide Congress
with more intelligence information without either
limiting CIA activities or disclosing the agency's ex-
penditures was introduced by Sen. John Sherman
Cooper (R Ky.). The bill (S 222-1) requested that the
two Armed Services Committees, the Senate Foreign
Relations Committee and House Foreign Affairs Com-
mittee be provided with regular and thorough CIA
briefings with information and details included in the
briefing which would be similar to the data provided
the White House.
a The approach adopted by Senators Frank Church
(1) Idaho) and Clifford P. Case (R N,.J.) and Rep.
Herman Badillo (D N.Y.), among others, has been to
sponsor' proposals aimed not at learning more of what
the CIA knows, but at limiting the agency to informa-
tion gathering rather than military and Para-military
operations. (Radio Free 'Europe, p. 1850)
While explaining the details of the Central Intclli-'
Bence Act of 1949, former- Sen. Millard E. Tydings (D Md.
1927-51) said in a May 27, 1949, floor speech: "The bill
relates entirely to matters external to the United States;
it has nothing to do with internal America. It relates to
the gathering of facts and information beyond the borders
of the United States. It has no application to the domestic
scene in any manner, shape or form."
Committee investigations into tax-exempt founda-
tions in 1964 produced an informal report issued by Rep.
Wright Paiman (D Texas) labeling the Kaplan Fund as
a conduit for CIA money. The fund described its purposes
in its. charter as to "strengthen democracy at home."
Tatman later agreed to drop the committee investigation
saying, "No matter of interest to the subcommittee re-
lating to the CIA existed." (Congress and the Nation
Vol. I, p- 1780)
In the spring of 1967, another example of domestic
CIA programming emerged as it became known that the
National Student Association was receiving -money from
the CIA and that the agency had been involved in manip-
ulating the leadership of the student organization.
Laos. The most recent case study of Congress
'lacking knowledge about CIA activities has been in the
series of revelations which came from the June 7 closed
Senate session briefing on Laos requested by Symington.
(Weekly Report p. 1709, 1660, 1268)
Three times during the two-hour session, Symington,
a member of the Armed Services subcommittee on C[A
oversight, said that although he knew the CIA was con
ducting operations in Laos, he did not know how exten-
sive the program was.
"Nobody knows," Symington said, "the amounts the
CIA is spending while under orders from the executive
branch to continue to supervise and direct this long and
ravaging war (in Laos)."
Minutes after Symington said that in all of his sub-
committees-which included the Armed Services Intel-
ligence Subcommittee under the chairmanship of John C.
Stennis (D Miss.)---there was ":no real knowledge about
what is going on in Laos." Stennis took the floor and said: /~
"The CIA has justified its budget to our subcommittee V
and as always they have come with expenditures right
in line with what they were authorized expressly to
do....They (CIA) have told us from time to time about
their activities in Laos."
"It has been said that we all know about what the
CIA is doing," Fulbright retorted. "1 have been on the
CIA oversight committee and 1 have never seen any de-
tailed figures (on Laos) whatever. Often the briefings
are about how many missiles the Russians have. When
we ask about specific operations, they say they are too
secret; they can only report to the, National Security
Council, which means to the President. There is a lot I
did not know about, specifically in Laos."
Stennis said that the secret report on CIA activity
in Laos, compiled by Foreign Relations Committee staff
members, contained some information he was not familiar
with, information he had not been told in his capacity
as chairman of the Armed Services Intelligence Opera-
tions Subcommittee.
"I think we all know," Stennis said, "that if we are
going to have a CIA, and we have to have a CIA, we
cannot run it as a quilting society or 'something like
that. But their money is in the clear and their forthright-
ness, I think, is in the clear."
Sen. Miller criticized Symington for saying the
Congress was appropriating money blindly: "We should
not leave the impression that the Senate somehow or
other has been helpless in this matter. We are all mature
individuals and we know what we are. doing. We have
appropriated a lot of money for the CIA. If we have done
so, knowing the CIA is air executive privilege agency, I
think we have done so with our eyes wide open. Maybe
we should change that. That is something else.
"But let us not say the Senate has been hoodwinked
or leave the impression we have been mislead and have
not known what is going on. I think we may have lacked
information on the specifics, and the Senator (Symington)
is pulling out information on specifics, but the Senators
who voted on these appropriations for the CIA voted for
them with our eyes wide open, knowing what we were
doing. Maybe we should change it. It is something for
.future debate.".
"I would be the last to say he (Miller) had been
hoodwinked," Symington commented, "or that any
other member -of the Senate had been hoodwinked. But
I have been hoodwinked, and I want the Senate to know
this afternoon that that is the case."
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Congress Tn r'ns' to the
Congress,- In its continuing Vietnam-inspired
effort to break the Executive's near mo.-.'poly of
/lowers in foreign affairs, is now tackling the
V Centr l i t lii cr
a
VX
n e 0ence Agency. This is understand-
able, and was to be expected, too. The agency's
from doing secretly what the Congress has for-
bidden it to do openly. Unquestionably they would
restrict Executive flexibility, since the government
would have to justify before a body not beholden
to It the particular actions it wishes to take. The
advantage to the Executive would be that the
Congress would then have to share responsibility
for the actions undertaken. Since these actions
involve making war and ensuring the security of
Americans, if not preserving their very lives, we
cannot see how a serious legislature can evade
attempts to bring them under proper control.
Senator McGovern's proposal that all CIA ex,
penditures and appropriations should appear in
the budget as a single line item is another matter.
Ile `argues that taxpayers could then decide
whether they wanted to spend more or less on'
powers are great-or so one suspects; no one
representing the public is really In a position to
know. Yet because it operates under virtually
absolute secrecy, it does not receive even that
incomplete measure of public scrutiny which the
Defense and State Departments undergo.
The proposals in Congress affecting the CIA
fall into two categories. Those in the first category
start from the premise that the CIA is essentially
an operations agency and an ominous one, which
Is beyond public control and which must somehow
be restrained-for the good of American foreign
policy and for the health of the American demo-
cratic system alike.
So Senator Case has introduced legislation to
prevent CIA from financing a second country's
military operations in a third country (e.g., Thais
In -Laos) and to impose on the agency the same
limitations on disposing of "surplus" military
materiel as are already imposed on Defense. The
thrust of these provisions is to stop the Executive
Intelligence than, say, education. We wonder,
though, whether a serious judgment on national
priorities, or on CIA's value and its needs, can be
based on knowing just its budget total. In that
figure, critics might have`a blunt instrument for
polemics but citizens would not have the fine
Instrument required for analysis.
In the House, -Congressman Badillo recently
offered an amendment to confine the 'CIA to
gathering and analyzing intelligence. This is the
traditional rallying cry. of those who feel, either
that the United States has no business running
secret operations or that operational duties warp
STATINTL
intelligence production. The amendment, unen-,
forceable anyway under existing conditions, lost
172 to 46, but floor debate on it did bring out a
principal reason why concerned legislators despair
of the status quo: Earlier this 'year House Armed
Services chairman Hebert simply abolished the
10-man CIA oversight subcommittee and arrogated
complete responsibility to himself. Congressman
Badillo-is now seeking a way to reconstitute the
subcommittee. This is a useful sequence to keep
in mind when the agency's defenders claim, as
they regularly do, that CIA already is adequately
overseen by the Congress.
Between these proposals and Senator Cooper's,
however, lies a critical difference. Far from re-
garding CIA as an ominous operational agency
whose work must be checked, he re ards it as an
essential and expert intelligence agency whose
"conclusions, facts and analyses" ought to-be dis-
tributed "fully and currently" to the germane
committees of Congress as well as to the Executive
Branch. He would amend the National Security
Act to that end. His proposal is, in our view, the
most interesting and far-reaching of the -lot.
To Mr. Cooper, knowledge is not only power but
responsibility. A former ambassador, he accepts-
perhaps a bit too readily-that a large part of
national security policy is formulated on the basis
of information classified as secret. If the Congress
is to fulfill its responsibilities in the conduct of
foreign affairs, he says, then it must have available
the same information on which the Executive acts
-and not as a matter of discretion or chance but
of right. Otherwise Congress will find itself again
and again put off by an Executive saying, as was
said, for instance, in the ABM fight, "if you only
knew what we knew ..." Otherwise Congress will
forever be 'running to catch up with Executive
trains that have already. left the station.
The Cooper. proposal obviously raises sharp
questions of Executive privilege and of Executive
prerogative in foreign polleymaking - to leave
aside the issue of keeping classified. information
secure. But they are questions which a responsible
Congress cannot ignore. We trust the Cooper
proposal will -become a vehicle for debating them
in depth-and in public, too.
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~/F 11A fit:1J i'_'. ~,~rl~?(J
By IRICIJAR1) DUDMAN
Chief Washington Correspondent
of the Post-Dispatch
WASIIINGTONT, July 8 -- Sen-
ator John S h e r in a n Cooper
(Rep.), Kentucky, has obtained
strong bipartisan backing for a
proposal to require the Central
Intelligence Agency to report to
Congress as well as to the Ex-
ecutive Branch.
Cooper, a moderate opponent
of the Vietnam War and of the
antiballistic missile system, in-
troduced his proposal yesterday
as an amendment to the Nation-
al Security Act of 1947, which
created the Department of De-
c e n s e, the National Security
Council and the CIA.
Senators S t u a r t Symington
(D e m.), Missouri, J. William
Fulbright (1-) e in.), Arkansas,
and Jacob K. J a v its (Rep.),
Now York; announced t h e i r
support for the measure on the
'eoa10 finer. I'ulbri~;'rt spoke of
holding hearings on the propos-
al.
Symington, chairman of a for-
eign relations subcommittee on
overseas commitments, told of
difficulties he had had in ob-
taining full information about
s e c r e t U.S. military prepara-
tions and operations abroad, in-
cluding the clandestine warfare
being conducted in Laos.
Symington noted that he was
a member of the Foreign Rela-
tions, Armed Services and Joint
Atomic Energy committees. He
said that his best information
had been obtained from the last
of these, attributing that fact to
a requirement in the Atomic
Energy Act that the Atomic En-
ergy Commission keen Cnii-
gress'''fully and currently" in-
formed.
Cooper used that phrase in
his proposed amendment on the
IA. An aid said that Cooper
Vhad found CIA information gen-
orally reliable on such matters
as Soviet military preparedness
and the Indochina War but had
noted that. it was rendered only
J
in response to
tions.
know about operations.
specific ques-,
U n d e r his amendment, the
CIA whbld have to take the ini-
tiative in sending Congress its
analyses of problems of foreign
policy and national security.
The aid said that Cooper had
been considcrin? such a mea-
sure for several years. Be said
the publication of the Pentagon
papers had demonstratud once
more the value of CIA reports
a n d probably had broadened
support in Congress for a re-
quirement to make them availa-
ble.
In a Senate speech, Cooper
proposed that the CIA be re-
quired to make :r Cgu I arand
fielding foreign troe:~s in Las
.or elsewhere 1 ithout specific
approval by Congress. '
Case said they were designed
"to place some outside control
on w h a t has been the free-
wheeling operation of the Fxec-
utive Branch in carrying on for-
eign policy and even waging
foreign wars."
Meanwhile, the IJousc. reject-
ed a proposal that the Adminis-
tration be required to tell it;
special reports to the. House.
A r in e d Services and Foreign I;
Affairs committees and. to the
Senate Armed Servicesand
Additional special reports could ~ John Shormen Coopa r
be requested by the conunit-
tees, what the military and CiA were
Any member of Congress orl doing in Laos.
designated member of his staffs By a vote of 261 to 118, mern-
would have access to the infor- hers tabled -- and thus killed --
ination. All suck. persons would ?a resolution introduced by Rep-
be subject. to security require- rescntative Paul N. McCloskey
meat's such as those in the Ex- (Rep.), California, that would
ecutive ),ranch. have ordered the Secretary of
Cooper said tllat the best in- State to furnish the House with
formation should be available the policy guidelines given to,
to the Executive and Legisla- the U.S. ambassador in Laos.
tive branches as a basis for na- The ambassador has responsi-
tional decisions involving "vast bility for overseeing the clan-
amounts of money, the deploy- destine military operations in
ment of weapons whose purpose Laos aimed at assisting the roy-
is to deter war yet can destroy al Laotian government in its
all life on earth, the stationing struggle with the Pathet Lao.
of American t r o o p s in other W i. I l i a m B. Macomber Jr.,
countries and their use in com- deputy under secretary of state,
bat, and binding commitments c I a s ]u e d yesterday with Mc
to foreign nations." Closkey over whether the De-
Two other Senators offered partment of State. was directing
proposals relating to the CIA. U.S. bombing attacks in Laos.
George S. McGovern (Dem.), Macomber denied the allega-
South Dakota, suggested that tion and suggested that if Mc-
expenditures and appropriations Closkey wanted to pursue the
for the intelligence agency ap- issue he ought to invite an East
pear as a single line item in the Asia expert from the State Do-
budget. Agency funds now are partment to testify.
concealed in other items in the T h e exchange occurred as
budget. Macomber testified b e f o r e aI
Three bills were introduced house foreign affairs subcorn-ir
by Senator C l i f f o r d P. Case mittee l on classification ways o f to Gimprove overnmende
t
(Rep.), New w Jersey, to limit c +
covert use of funds and miii_ records by the State Depart-~i
tary equipment by the CIA for rent.
- -' -"Macomber said ]0 to 12:
years' retention ought to be ad-I'
equate to protect Government
secrets whin' not h -i
I
n ; s
Approved For Release 2001/03/04 :aC1A4RDP~81~4'tl
STATINTL
00100260001-5
 STATI N?T
Approve - or a ease : ?IA-RDP80
1050) CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENAT
-
-- -- -
would per
local agencies, as the Farm Credit system now ters relating to foreign policy and na- Foreign Affairs, of the House of Representa-
tional security by providing -it with in- tives and the Committees on Armed Services
erates
o
.
p
Another agency, the Rural Development telligence information obtained by the And Foreign Relations of the Senate regar -TATINTL
Investment Equalization Administration, ing intelligence information collected by t
Central Intelligence. Agency and with Agency concerning the relations of the United
i
r
s p
would handle the subsidy end of h
o analysis of such information by such
posal.'It would be handled separately to avoid States to foreign countries and matters of
problems of getting loan and grant money agency. Referred jointly to the Commit- national security including full and current
mixed into the same financial pot. tees on Armed Services and Foreign Re- analysis by the Agency of such Information,
it has been alleged by those who claim that lations, by unanimous consent. "(h) Any intelligence information and any
industry will not move to rural America that Mr. COOPER. Mr. President, the for- analysis thereof made available to any com-
it costs more money to operate away from the mulation of sound foreign policy and na- ml.ttee of the Congress pursuant to subsection
that the (g) of this section shall be made available
the
and as a result
t
i
o
,
ers,
n cen
res
populati
tional security policy requ
chance for a major dispersal of. Industry is by such conunittee, in accordance with, such
best and ilhost accurate intelligence ob- rules as such committee may establish, to
_-The sponsors of the Consolidated Farm and
Rural Development Act do not necessarily
agree with.this conclusion, but a number of
states have proved that' investment incen-
tives do draw industries.
Rather than provide under-the-table or
backdoor subsidies, this legislation would
make open subsidies available, but only un-
der stringent and controlled circumstances,
.and this would be done on a national basis
rather than the state-by-state effort now go-
ing on.
It must be stressed that these would not be
relief payments to fifcally healthy industries,
but they would be incentives to American
industry to disperse. ,
There would be two kinds of subsidies:
1. Interest supplements: If a firm cannot
pay his interest out of local earnings without
dipping into Its capital, the company can be
given an Interest supplement by the. Rural
Development Investment Equalization Ad-
ministration. The- payment could not bring
'the firm's Interest level lower than one-per-
cent.
2. Rural Development Capital Augmenta-
tion Payments: If a community wanted to
build a sewer system, a calculation would be
made of how much such a system would cost,
and then it would be determined how much
the people in the community could reason-
ably be expected to pay for it. The difference
between these two figures would be the Rural
Development Capital Augmentation payment.
The same formula could be used for develop-
ment of new industry, but again it must be
stressed that this procedure would be under
strict controls so that this money would not
be used for fly-by-night or doomed-to-fall
businesses,
THE REORGANIZATION
Under this bill farm and non-farm credit
would come under a new Assistant Secretary
of Agriculture. Under him, in two separate
agencies, would be the Farm Development
Administration, which now handles all farm
credits (under the title Farmers Home Ad-
ministration) and the Rural Enterprise and
Community Development Administration,
which would handle all non-farm rural
.credit.
The new assistant secretary would be as-
signed to no other duties than to oversee
all rural credit. At present, the assistant
secretary handling this task, must also super-
vise a wide range of other activities.
The 19 members of the Rural Development
Credit Board would have five members ap-
pointed by the President of the United
States; five nominated by the President Pro
tempore of the Senate; 4nd five nominated
after consideration of the recommendations
of. the Speaker of the House. ?
The Secretary of Agriculture would appoint
the same, person who is his representative
to the Farm Credit Board. The governor
of the Farm Credit Administration would be
another member of the board, The Execu-
tive Director of the Rural Development
Credit Agency, and the Rural Development
Investment Equalization Administration
would sit on the board as ex-officio members.
COOPER:
By Mr
~
.
r
S.
S. 2224. A bill#
th~112 + 4~} 01" Milk
Security Act of l R ~ilie 'kCe13' I p~ a,rr
tamable be provided to the legislative as any member of the Congress who requests
well as the executive branch of our Gov-' such information and analysis. Such. informa-
ernment. The approval by the Congress tion and analysis shall also be made available
of foreign policy and national security by any such committee, in accordance with
policy, which are bound together, whose such rules as such committee may estab-
support involves vast amounts-of money, 11sh, to any officer or employee of the House of
the deployment of. weapons whose pur- Representatives or the Senate who has been
pose is to deter war, yet can destroy all (1) designated by a Member of Congress to
have access to such information and analysts,
life on earth, the stationing of American and (2) determined by the committee con-
troops in other countries and their use cerned to have the necessary security clear-
in combat, and binding commitments to ante for such access."
foreign nations, should only be given The bill would, as a matter of law, make
upon the best information available to available to the Congress, through its
both the executive and legislative appropriate committees, the same intel-
Intel-
1?*. ligence, conclusions, facts, and analyses
There es has been much debate during
There
the past several years concerning the re- that are now available to the executive
spective powers of the Congress and the branch. At the present time, the intel-
Executive in the formulation of foreign ' ligence information and analyses devel-
policy and national security policy and oiled by the CIA and other intelligence
the authority to commit our Arinecl agencies of the Government are avail-
Forces to war. We have experienced, un- able only to the executive as a matter
fortunately, confrontation between the of law. This bill would not, in any way,
two branches of our Government. It is affect the activities of the CIA, its sources
my belief that if both branches, execu- or methods, nor would it diminish in any
tive and legislative, have access to the respect the authority of already existing
same intelligence necessary for such committees and oversight groups, which
fateful decisions, the working relation- supervise the intelligence collection ac-
ship between the Executive and the tivities of the Government. :`.My bill is
Congress would be, on the whole, more concerned only with the end result-the
harmonious and more conducive to the facts and analyses of facts. It would, of
national interest. It would assure a course, In no way inhibit the use by the
common understanding of- the. purposes Congress of analyses and information
and merits of policies. It is of the great- from sources outside the Government. It
est importance to the sup port and trust is obvious that with the addition of Intel-
of the people. It is of the greatest im- ligence facts and their analyses, the Con-
portance to the maintenance of our sys- gress would be in a much better position
tern of government, with its separate to make judgments from a much more
branches, held so tenuously together by informed and broader perspective than
trust and reason. is now possible.
It is reasonable, I submit, to contend The National Security Act of 1947
that the Congress, which must make its marked a major reorganization of the
decisions upon foreign and security pol- executive branch." This reorganization
icy, which is called upon to commit the made it possible for the executive branch
resources of the Nation, material and hu- to assume more effectively the responsi-
man, should have all the information bilitiet of the United States in world af-
and intelligence available to discharge fait's and the maintenance of our own
properly and morally its' responsibilities national security. The National Security
to our Government and the people. Act of 1947 created the Department of
I send to the table a bill amending the Defense and the unified services as we
National Security Act of 1947, which, I now know them.
hope, would make it possible for the leg- Section 102 of the National Security
Act of 1947, established the Central Ir-
it
s
islative branch to better carry out
telligence Agency under a Director and
responsibilities.
I read the amendment at this point:. Deputy Director, appointed by the Presi-
To amend the National Security Act of dent, by and with the advice and consent
1947, as amended, to keep the Congress better of the Senate. Under the direction of the
informed on matters relating to foreign National Security Council, it was di-
policy and national security by providing.1t rected to advise the National' Security
with Intelligence Information obtained by the Council on matters relating to national
Central Intelligence Agency and with analy- security and "to correlate and evaluate
sis of such information by tuch agency. intelligence relating to national security,
That section 192 of the National Security and provide for the appropriate dissemi-
Act of 1947, as amended (50 U.S.C. 403), is nation of such intelligence within the
amended by adding at the end thereof the Government using where appropriate
following new subsections: existing agencies and facilities."
"(g) It shall also be the duty of the Agency
to inform fully and currently, by means of The language does not specifically bar
41
IdbbiQ 11 that
 41 o5TATINTL
Approved For Release 2q01'/03/Qj -
-Jur
By Carroll'Kilpatrick and Richard L. Lyons
Wash Ing Lon Post Staff Wr I Lei's
President Nj%oli announced back froin'the Rand Corp. __ c a r-
"For that reason tho Pre.0-
dent feels It 1q only fair to
Congress and to persson.,4 nien-
tioned in the docuinciAr, that
tile full report b'j inado availfl-
ble.
"Since ilia documents relate
primarily to the Johnson wid
Kennedy periods, President
Nixon pollited out that li- Is
not III a position tovouch.for
their accuracy or complete-
lishcd portions of the Pontz_
gon papers ioahos such 11
study "imperative" to prescrve
public trust ill the Candor alld
competency Of O"Ir Officials."
Goldbero, Was the 10.,
adoff
witness at a series of hca,111,
by tile house subcoinraittec oil
foreign operations and f-;overn-
inent I n I o r Ill p, t i o n Into
whether tjie need of the public
. yesterday that lie will. lwake Her in the Nvock. No 1~pcclfic I I ess - " mid Congress to obtain infor-
z -tvp very to ill,,- 131i Ziegl6r raid that the top se-
,flablo. to the Ilonse and dato for deli L . 11 cret classification V"Ill. be coll- watioll from tho executive
Senate the secret Pentagon h2d b0011 set ]as" night,
T House 1111eq, 1111 thrued oil tho docurnents ancl brmich Is bc-Ing thwartcd.
study oil America]] involve- T-T 11 (10
alla
-incirt in Vietnam. and t Ic spe~ beirs may read tile papers be-1 that they Will be inade av, - Goldberg also propored that
,rc,~v, paq~s legislatioll de-
cial study oil tile. Tonkin Gulf C-11so once R doculnent ll.~lsl ble to Congresq on that basis. COllj
incident. T h. o , documents been received by a comillittee President Nixon reiterated filling sort of docninclits
. would not be made. public. it becomes the property of the~ to"Sell. TVIRlIsfield that Ill's pri- could ],.a classified as secret by
Ilousc and Senate leaders House plIcl Open to [til, Inclil- iriary contililli1q, concern has the adillillistration and thus
promptly beffan arrangements bOrs. becli to Protect tb'-~ secrecy Of kept froin public view.
I-10 concede(! there -ivlls need
to receive tile documents and ~ SPeaker Carl Albert (D- governinent docuinenti
the Senate reicljc~j tentative Okla.) indicated, j-jo%ycN,,er, jh,,j.t cases where disclosure could to preserve mttjoiiatl security
members in iarm the national security or secrets, but he said tile excei'l-
agreement to conduct a full- While
ay read to ! pair negotiations with other tive branch should not )_,~! per-
scale public investigation int.o their . b cart's content th,_,Y.~lm
tile documents and related Ina. not bz~ allowed to copy or take I- IlatiOlls," tllQ secretal'y 1111tic(l to Ilse, tile classifjeation
notcs oil the documents, said. stamp to hide mistake& vnd
sol),Mc Foreigii Relations . After- ilia Whito House an- I Pentacron spolre.qinan Jorry 0 nI ba Ura S s-
-d i'llit, ilient. Ali Independent reviev.-
41 ~ I %V. Friedheim exPlailic
STATIN,
Conlillittee Clialfinall 0. A~. nounceinen . iz - -P~ I Rs v. rule of thumb, it I.s, as- ])card should, bc set up docide,
FUlbri'llt (D-Ark.) said a, pro.1 the papcrr~ would ba Sent to med that once a person is NvIlether docurnentz have bec
posal j)y Senate D,.IjjOq-atic1 C o I I gr e ss, Secretary La j. r d 811
Leader -~ I i k c, t to the Capitol to work elected to Corluess ho Or she properly classificd, lie ~-Iid.
Alansfield, V-1011
('Mont) for' a spceia" res for stor- has R top-secret clearance. Goldberg said it would, ham
hlv~.Stil,a- out securiLy MeZASU
tion by eight irlenibei Ili,, handling and protecting The White House vii-nounced bcen far botter for everyollo if
-s of ]!-or- th" Tuesday that Vic President On ilia c.%ccufivo branch had sub.11
doctirnelits.
cl,pi Relations and cight inel"ll-i jqjite Ijollso press scerelary jan. 15, 1971, had Ordered a re- rnitted the Pcnt~con pp.pers,
I IM . I , I , A ~11, 't , t : I I .
"
bers of thc Arined Services
Committee Avas tentatively ap-
proved.
Before ill(-, full-scale public
~Iirvcstl,,Yation is hold in tile
fall, l0lllbriOlt said, bis Com-
.mittee will sock $250,000 for a
closed-door invosti.,,ation of its
own into SoutlieasL Asia pol-
ley. Tile study would be valu-
able pr,,paration for tile pjlj)jjC
4nvcstigation, F ulbright said.
i~ The secret documents sent
,to the Senate will be depos-
ited ni ill(,. offlc,,~ or the secre-
Itary, of the Senate, Fulbr!L~ht'
said.
1A oy will bo rivallablo to
Foreign Pelailolis col~jl;-Lllttee
Ineinbers And to Mtff. Other
senators '-are expected to b3 Pl-
loviod to Soo thi Papers ]atter.
-In the House, Rep. F. Ed-
Nvard yleb,~rt 611airman
of flie Arilled Services Corn-
Mittee, f;aid V, rpeclal Office
. Would be 111,100 1;cCIIrO to
or o , 0
Ronald L. Zicocr taid that view 0 pI Oce ~, , - I P immis tecur ~ im
10r. Nixon mado his deci~;ion relating to ilia classification of Congress When it wts pro-
regarding the docunlolltq ovor (locuments, pared. Ile said It madc, no
the weekend ill Key Biscayne, Alansfield told rcljorters sonsc to him that even thou,gh
Fla., am? coinniunicated it to after the breakfaSt inectilig much of the contents of the
Mansfield at a breakfast nicet. that the President has long papers lindbeen publiFliedby
the Over
ing yesterday. been concerned by _-wspqpers, C o I I g r c slill
The President eniphrisized classification 11 f papers and could not get copies of the 1:0-
inks there is too much Claq- port.
to Mansfield that the dee, 1 th
ificatioll even in Ills adininis- A few ininutes, later, ]top.
Moll to offer tile documents to s
tration. Ogden . Reld (R-N.Y.)
tile, Congress does not repro- , lishor Pleased noullecd ihat President Nixon
sent any change of policy but I ub was sending both tile Houso
merely reflect.,, the special '111 . New York, TilneS pub. and Sellato.%, copy of thL 47-
circumstances created by te lisher A3.'tllur Ochs Sulzber~cr
recent unauthorized volume. Pentagon study.
discio- said that lie Was "pleased" I"cid and Rep, John R Moss
rurcs," Ziegler sz%M, rwitil the ).-,resident's actioll to
(D-Calif.), former chairman of
Members of Congress had give the papors to Congress. the suicortimittee, filed sult Ili
asked for the. 4.7-voluine Penta- "The irext step should be to U.S. District Court here yes-
gon. study and 'or the 1965 yelep
j lse the docunionts to the terday niorning nsking that
special Pentagon report on tile Anierica.u. people," Sulzberger Secretary of Defense Melvin
Gulf of Tonkin incident. said. R. Laird be ordered to give
The latter involved ilia 196-4 Ilublishor M.arshall Field of them copies of the papers 'or
attack by North Vietnanlose the Cb1cago Sun-Thrles said lie their use, They said they We're
torpedo boats on an American felt his paPc'r "morallyl entitled to Ilic! papers unclor
destroyer and led to tile Con-, justified in showing tile Peo-; tile Freedom of Information
gressiolial resolution whiclil ple N,;hei,e An arm of the 90v-i Act of 1~,H, of which thl~ IwO
President Johnson maint,'i"Cd ernniont may have stepped be. were "rilicinal sl-)On-~Ols No
houso the papers. He raid lie e , mpmvered him to take offen. yorid the bounds of our Consti.
sive, action against North Viot- court actiin ivas taken oil the,
%volild 11of nonvilt 1110. nnnf,rg I I in tlon." cnlif
initil tile Department of Dc-~"%`Prcsldo.nt Nixon told Sen.
fenso pronounces tho
sc . cure. office Mansfield that tile unalithor-
ized pnblication c1portionsof
'I Nvant thoin to tell I'S it's the docurnents created a situa.
Mlcilre," Hobert said. "I don't tion in which Congress would
.want any rnonheyshincs." nceessarily bo inaking judg-
`Ylie two sets of documents InentS in the, ineariti
i'lle..911 lbo:
the tlight sets 'tne PeIItR_'1'oIIjcou1d give a distorted InApres-
has, two of which wore pulled.1 sion of the reports' contents,"
Court justice and Secretary of
the President's action in send-
I, ab 0 r . , proposed that a sp(~cial ing Congress two copies, be-
joint con,,rcssioiial cor"IMILL00 cause they wwit full access to
conduct all investig"'ition of them.
"Lhc~ causes and conduct" of
lot ~"t I osq
b O'n
dR rf 4010.17M'~Ti5 'Clecision
the c\eclitive brAlich AIIJ t~'at tile papers
inev,tpapers that.have, vul)- forred to the, Ilouse Arined!
 Approved For Release 2001 t : c -RDP80-01601
The Supreme Court refust,d a full hearing, which would
ycsterday to review a lower have amounted to a ru-c-arni-
court's decision that imr0U-nation of Supreme Court de
ni7ed a Central Ir.telii ence cisions doting back to 'st'sD
Agency operative from a law-establishing broad libel and
Stitt for slander utiared "in slander i-Immunity for key %ov-
the lineof duty", crnnielit o ficials in the inte"
j'"1Ii?.n-,I e). T oug ^ and F'_ mental information.
~ 1 o` ~t c
the. co rt l ft sh :id-
tewart
,
in, the dismissal of a slandeer~
suit broulit by f'cri'k Koine,',
an Estonian cnii;-re, against
Juri Mats, the CIA anent who
said his utterances were made
under orders.
Raus, employed as a feral
high ay en in^ar, acc!acd
Ileine, a lecturer on the evils
OE comir.U.*lism, of being a So-
viet Z!de'nt. She accusation;ves
designed es .^. v:arning to tit:
Estonian e:Iiigre community in
the United Stat s that their
ranks had been luilitrated, ac-.
i ; to ITC
cord in-n, who 'e as
supp,ortvd in iov er courts by
CIA Director I iclii:I a Helms.
The CIA's immunity defense
raised controversy , over the i
a,cncy's proper domestic role
five years ago when it was dis-
covered infiltrating the I a-
tional Student Association.
Federal law prohibits "do-
rncdtic security functions" E,-
,-the CiA,'but the fed-eral cii3-
tric?t co ;rt ! ILoi urore and
the Foueih U.S. VCircuit Court
of App.al.s card I'iaus's actions
were legitimate measures to
protect the secrecy or Amerl-
ca's foreign intelligence
sources.
Four votes were needed for
STATINTL
Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601 R000100260001-5
 Approved For Releaseli'E 'I i,11?J.q ~ ''F..I llk& 0-01601
1 no
!?t!=, 7 ,.
J
7Z f`' ird line f+f ~~ j~tl' r'
ve-
BY J0II\ It. WALLACII
News American tallow the U. S. government,
WASIIINGTO,\ - F o r m e r;
American staffers of Radio Free' Congressional sources stress
Europe (RFF,) are prepared tot that funding the corporation would
testify in Congress that they had. not involve any new rnous since
to sign. an oath refusing to divulge! the government already is footing
multinliliion dollar Central In-' the bill. It would altov transfer-
teliigence Agency. (CIA) bank-1 ring the $33 million annual subssdy
rolling of RFE on penalty of a! from secret CIA coffers to the
maximum $10,000 fine and 10-year) open, congressional appropriation,
prison sentence. ((process.
This and_ other di i:,losures, 1'? E A I)'?1 i.MS1 "::% "
Case . cautioned today, coti'cl` Iious.^_ has order d it take
seriously embarrass the Nixon! place in the supersecret "Forty l
administration if it decides.to take !C^.r:iuiittee,"' eiso knov:n rtance
tile. entire RYE' budget. . Europe.
In an attempt to force RYE and Case's bill, which proposed!
Moaerv bearr.ing Radio Liberty amending the Information and'
(Iti,) to quit the pretense of actin- Education Act to provide funds for
as "private" organisations relying) has attracted bipartisan
solely on voluntary contribut'ons, support from several sonator
Case introduced legislation in- including. Ilarold IHuglies, D-Iowa,
February,to have both pr;;{+_ -an-I Jacob K. Javits, 1.-N. Y. and
J.
da agencies funded through direct, William Fulbri hk, I)-Ark..
ackno.nledged congressional ap-I ,,?,,,, ,,,.,,,,,,.-, , ..,.,..- L I
tion to call to testify leading ad-
ministration officials reportedly
including Secretary of State
William P. Rogers, Secretary of
Defense Melvin Laird and CIA
Director Richard Helms,
foreign policy. {
CASE) WAS understood to be
ready to call former RFE staffers
to testify that the CIA regularly
assigned agents to tv.o-year tors
of duty at .RYE headquarters in
Munich and -that t'n v emus-
dirvlges the ihtortnatlon the be-
comes liable 'for the maximum
1-?un'>hment under Section 7a3 (I)),
This section proaecribes penal.
tics up "m $10,0!:0 and 10 years in
' prison, fo 'the '.'communication Qf
classified information' by govern-
ment officer or employee."
amining a series'of options runs-
queraded as acredited 'trews tor- ~l
ling from fighting to- maintain tine ` r e s p o n d e n t s on information-
status quo, which could turn the I g, i _ lj
arbor n; missfor s all over
hearings into a
arade
f di
p
o
s E E
asternurope.
closures about the extent of CIA Otltcr Arne
rleatt Erlinlpyc' s'acre
.involve Mort, ' to congressional
later
re
I"
A t
i
.
g
n a
in much the s me nian-. o s
funding,
nee as the Voice of America `paper making titent privy to ll:?e
IIVOA) is financed. CIA connection, source; close t;~
Cxse disclosed.
The most workable compromise ,
~hhe.40CUr:1_nt, they said, infar-
now aypears to be smiting up a med the Americans that Rt I: was
U
10 r
F
STATINTL
U
ro oc t' tit A~
~.... pi ..-pir?.,,.,O~
1,
; fF.~..l~~e~
~ ~' iqqw
Tire corA-RDP80-0 1601 R000100260001-5
b C bldt
Iyongressut wou reain a tinily" irifornud and that if he
sem>-private character that v:ould