TELECOMMUNICATIONS PROBLEMS CONFRONTING THE UNITED STATES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-01053A000300030003-5
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 55
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 16, 2013
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: September 3, 1950
• Content Type: MISC

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P.C.P.B. #1
PROBLEM ?#1
PROBLEM #2
PROBLEM #3
PROBLEM #4
PROBLEM #5
September 31 1950 (1)
TELECOMMUNICATIONS PROBLEMS.
CONFRONTING THE UNITED STATES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION-
DEFINITIONS
- The Increasing Demand for Frequency Assignments Within the
Limitations of the Usable Radio Spectrum.
- Effectiveness of Administration of the Radio Spectrum by
the United States.
- Unsound Conditions in the Domestic Commercial Telegraph
Industry. ?
- The Effectiveness Of the FCC in Coping With Its Increased
Workload.
- The Necessity for Formulating and Implementing a National
Telecommunications Policy.
FOR STUDY - #6 - Merger of Commercial Overseas Communication Companies
in Terms of Overall National Interest.
FOR STUDY - #7 - The Extent to Which the Government Should Continue
Operation of Communication Facilities.
FOR STUDY - #8 - A Review of United States Telecommunications from the
Standpoint of Monopoly.
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P. C? P. B. #1
LNTRODUCTION
.E.',-,TPOS TT It.
7 T1LLLC0fUUBICAiIOUS?
COP. TEL UL1TaD 0TPTiS
August 29, 1950 1)
The President's CommUnications Policy Board, created by LxecutiVe-
Order #10110 of. February 17) 1950, has evolved the following expositien
of telecommunications problems which confront the United States.' The
relative importance nf theHi:roblems outlined in this exposition is net
necessarily expressed by the numerical sequence of their listing. In
this connection) it should be noted that the consideration of Problem PO:
5, which is the most importsnt and far-reaching of all of the Problems
-stated, will, by its very nrture, be affected by the research and findings
in connection v:ith all of t1-3 other items contained in the exposition.
TT
The exposition has been compiled upon a basis of reports, legisla-
tion, treaties, opinions, U. S. telecommunications agencl expressions,
and the language of the Executive Order /i10110, :.hich created this
Board. For the purposes of ready reference, pertinent excer,Jts of that
Order aro quoted.
Pro.s idept..1 s _Statement of tho ortonee... of Cormap-lications
"Communications services represent a vital resource in our modern
society. They make possibl: the smooth functioning of our complex
economy; they Can assist in promoting international understanding and
good will; they constitute an important requirement for our national
security'. There is, accordingly, a 111.,-jor public interest in assuring the
adequacy and efficiency of these services." * (Quoted from the
President's letter to the Chairman of the Board;)
72,-.rm,- of
for once
* * * "It shall be the function of the Board to study the present
and potential use of radio and vire communications facilities by govern-
mental and non-governmental agencies and to mala and present to the Presi-
dent evaluations and recommendations in the national interest concerning
(a) policies for the most effective use of radio frequencies by govern-
mental and non-governmental users and alternative administrative arrangemonts in the Federal Government for the sound effectuation of such policies,
(b) policies -eith respect to the international radio end v:ira communica-
tiOns, (9) the relationship of Government communications to non-government
bemMtVilidations, and (d) such related policy matters as tho Board racy
db.terminel" * * * * (Quoted from the Executive Order i'.,10110 of February 17,
I950) Crea'ting the Boordi)
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V NOLLOfiGOUIN
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P.C.P.B. #1 September 3, 1950 (1)
DEFINITIONS
OF WORDS AND PHRASES APPEARING HEREIN
1. Harmful Interference - as used herein, means that reception of a radio
transmission is curtailed by interference,to a degree that reduces
efficiency of service.
2. EregmayjsmShannell - as used herein, refers to a relatively small,
-but specific, part of the radio spectrum. A frequency normally
is. identified by the actual center point (in kilocycles) in the
total width embraced by the transmission of energy.
3. Frequemy_Aulgnment - as used herein, means the designation of a.
discrete frequency for transmission purposes by a specific radio
station or circuit.
4. Frequency Allocation - as used herein, means the apportionment of an
appreciable part of the spectrum to a particular Service, usually
upon an exclusive basis.
5. Band (or Frequency Ban241 - as used herein, refers to a relatively
large part of the radio spectrum. The term is used to indicate
the particular part of the spectrum under consideration, such as,
"The high-frequency bands," "the 7 Mc band," etc,
6. Bendwidttghannel Width) - as used herein, is the number of kilo-
cycles, (or cycles), stated, when it is desired to express the
amount of spectrum encompassed by a transmission of energy.
Note: The terms "Band" and "Bandwidth"
with confusing 2'esults
are often loosely employed,
7. National_Interest - when used alone herein, is considered to include
National Security and Economy.
8. Policy - is not used herein in its lesser applications. It refers
throughout to a line of governing action.
9. Formalized Radio Services - as used herein, refers to those Services
which have been dignified with exclusive rights in the radio
spectrum, bythe Atlantic City Table of Allocations. These Services
are: Fixed, Maritime, Aeronautical, Amateur, Broadcasting, and
Land Mobile.
10. Functionalized Radio Facilities or Services - as used herein, refers
to a service or facility within a Service which performs a specific
function, such as Safety, Navigational, Public Corresp=dence, etc.
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INTRODUCTION
Lpecific Problems and Aspects of Telccommunicatipns
Under Consideration in Tilaasition
A. Specific problems:
1. The increasing Demand for Frequency Assignments nithin the Limi-
tations of the Usable Radio Spectrum.
2. Effectiveness of Administration of the Radio Spectrum by the
United States.
3. Unsound Conditions in the.Domestic Commercial Telegraph Industty.
4. The Effectiveness of the FCC in Coping Fith Its Increased Torkload4
5. The Necessity for Formulating and Implementing a National Tele..
communications Policy.
B. Aspects of Telecommunications which should be explored and translated
in terms of the overall national interest.
6. Merger of Commercial Overseas Communication Companies in Terms of
Overall National Interest,
7. The Extent to Which the Government Should Continue Operation of
Communication Facilities.
S. A Reviou of United States Telecommunications from the Standpoint
of Monopoly,
IV
Q.p.2cific ObjEcIive
A. The formulation of a Total National Communications Policy to include:
1. Policy for the most effective use of radio frequencies by govern-
mental and non-governmental users.
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INTRODUCTION
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2. Policy with respect to national radio and wire communications.
3. Policy with respect to relationship of government communications
to non-government communications.
4. Such additional related policy matters as may be pertinent.
B. Administrative arrangements in the Federal Government for the sound
formulation and continuing effectuation of the policies in A.
V
Interests and Activities of the United States
Falling Within the Scome_of This IlTssition
A. Interests
I. National Security
2. National Economy
3. Foreign Relations
4. Government Administration
5. Civil Defense
6. Entertainment
7. Public Enlightenment
8. Culture and Education
9. Health and Safety
B. Direct Activities
1. Telephone Communications Industry
2. Telegraph Communications Industry
3. Research and Development
4. Government Communication Services
(a) Military
(b) Non-military
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INTRODUCTION
5. Radio Broadcasting end Television
6. Ledicall Scientific end Industrial
7. Radio kenufacturing
C. Related Activities
I. The Postal Services
2. Railroad Transportation
3. Aviation Transportation
4. Maritime Transportation
5. Land Vehicular Transportation
VI
Sources of Information
A. Field Observations ,
B. Research
C. Statement and Testimony
D. Public Hearings
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P.C.P.B. #1 ? Au. 28, 190 (I)
PROBLEM #1
1. INCREASING DEMAND FOR FREcupg_Aggloyggs WITHIN THE USABLE RADIO
SPECTRUM.
1.1 Introduction
1.11 The Growth and Deyelsamt_id_Bal2149424.1Ags_rala_gsmiggg.
1.111 Description of the radio spectrum as a natural resource.
1.112 Contribution of research, development, and application
to expanding usable spectrum.
1.113 The impetus of world unrest and global wars upon the
growth and development of radio facilities and services.
1.114 The contribution of radio to the national interest.
1.1141 National security.
1.1142 Activities concerned.
1.1143 Contribution in dollars to national product.
1.1144 Measure of total U. S. activity in measurabla
units, such as calls, messages, or work. ()
1.12 Growth cf_Elliglimu.019...Emllgus and Services.
1.121 Safety of life and property.
1.122 Services developed for public interest, convenience,
and necessity, such as broadcasting, common carrier, etc.
410 1.123 As an instrumOnt in research, development, and
experimentation.
1.13 The_Evolution of Formalized Radio Services.
1.131 Reasons for formalization of particular services to
specific parts of spectrum.
1.132 Avoidance of interference, provision for sufficient
national and international use, and provision for
future expansion of services, existing and to be
developed.
1.133 The formalized structure of these services and how
they work.
1.1331 Formalization of services as an aid to adminis-
tration, regulation, use, and control,
nationally and internationally.
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P.C.P.B. #1
PROBLEM #1
1.14 The NecessIty_to_International Coordination and Control.
1.141 Factors requiring coordination.
1.1411 Propagation, technical, and operational.
1.142 Mechanisms for international coordination.
1.1421. International Telecommunications Union, and
its organs.
1.15 gggmptition for Use of the Radto...?0gtrum,
1.151 Domestic competition between broad user categories.
1.1511 As between government and non-government users.
1.1512 As between military and non-military government
? users.
1.1513 As between government users.
1.1514 As between military users.
1.1515 As between non-government users.
'1.152 Domestic competition between various media.
1.1521 As between radio and wire.
1.1522 As between radio and cable.
1.1523 As between rapid communication and transport
services.
1.15231 Air.
1.15232 Railroad.
1.15233 Ship.
1,15234 Bus and truck.
1.15235 Postal service.
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PROBLEM #1
1.153 Domestic competition within and between formal radio
services.
1.1531 Fixed service,
1.1532 .Maritime services.
1.1533 Aeronautical services.
1.1534 Broadcasting services.
1.1535 Amateur service,
1.1536 Land mobile services.
1.154 Domestic competition within and between fUnctionalized
services.
1.1541'Safety of life and property.
1.1542 National security.
1.1543 Administration of government.
1.1544 Public welfare.
1.1545 Entertainment,
1.1546 Dissemination of information - public enlighten-
ment - the press.
1.1547 Aid to'economic activities.
1.1548 Research, development, and experimentation.
1.155 Domestic competition as related to various portions of
the spectrum.
1.1551 Lbw frequency.
1.1552 Nedium frequency.
1,1553 High frequency.
1.1554 Very high frequency.
1.1555 Ultra high frequency.
1.1556 Super high frequency.
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PROBLEM #1
1.156 Domestic competition as related to United States
geographical areas.
1.1561 Gateways,
1.1562 Urban.
1.1563 Suburban.
1.1564 Rural,
1.1565 Coastal.
1.1566 Transcontinental.
1.1567 Airways.
1.1568 Highways.
1.1569 Railroad rights of way.
1.15u1 Territories
1.157 The struggle for radio spectrum space between nations.
, 1.1571 At Fadrid,
1.1572 At Cairo.
1.1573 At Atlantic City.
1.15731 The "haves" and the have-nots."
1.15732 The quest for a new order.
1.1574 The P.F.B. and the I.F.R.B.
1.1575 The WPFBLC.
1,1576 The ITU Administrative Council.
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P.C.P.B. #1
PROBLEM #1
1.2 An Analysis of _40,21pal Possibilities Todaz.4: The Supplv of Channels.
1.21 The signifiCance of a radio channel.
1.211 Definition of a channel in terms of frequency or wave-
length.
1.212 Characteristics,
1.22 Theoretical channeling possibilities of the usable radio
spectrum.
1.221 The usable radio spectrum.
1.222 Propagational characteristics of different portions
of the spectrum.
- 1.223 Bandwidth of intelligence to be transmitted,
1.224 Sharing.
1.2241 Time sharing.
1.2242 Geographical sharing.
1.225 Variables and anomalies of propagation.
1.226 Limits to national and international regulation and
control in the assignment and use of the spectrum.
1.23 Factors militating against achieving theoretical possibilities.
1.231 Technical.
1.2311 Equipment imperfections.
1.2312 Propagational variables.
1.232 Operational.
1.2321 Inadequate systematization.
1,2322 Effects of mobile transmitting and/or receiving
radio stations.
1.2323 Imposed restrictions, (regulatory, etc.)
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PROBLEM #1
1.233 Economic.
1.2331 Increasing cost of equipment to achieve theore-
tical ideal.
1.2332 Resistance to writing.off Obsolete 41ipment.:.-
1.2333 Costs of training personnel in new techniques
and practices..
1.234 Political.
1.2341 Opposing world forces.
1.2342 The "have" and "have-not" (countries) repeated
conflict.
1.235 National defense.
1.2351 Reluctance to effect transitional modernization.
1.2352 The restraints imposed by security requirements.
1.236 Administrative,
1.2361 Lack of national policy guides.
1.2362 Variations in and inadequacies of standards of
administration, regulation, and control of radio
spectrum by cognizant agencies.
1.2363 Variation in. level of technological develtpment
among countries of the world.
1.24 Determinants of channel widths.
1.241 Petformance of existing equipment.
1.242 Influence of improved equipment not yet in general servine.
1.25 The resultant supply of radio channels.
1.251 Below 30 kc (VLF).
1.25230-300 kc
1.253 300-3000 kc (rF).
1.254 3000-30,000 kc (HF).
1.255 30-300 Mc (VHF).
1.256 300,-3000 Mc (URF).
1.257 3000-30,000 Mc (80).
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PROBLEM #1
1.3 An Analysis of Spectrum Utiliatim_Today - The Demand for Channels.
1.31 The present bases of service allocations.
1.311 The Cairio-Atlantic City decisions.
1.312 Regional agreements.
1.313 Special arrangements.
1.314 National arrangements.
1.315 Government - non-government arrangements.
1.316 Administrative agency arrangement.
1.32 Determinants of channel widths.
1.321 Technical.
1.3211 Performance of existing equipment in service.
1.3212 Influence of new equipment not yet in service.
1.3213 Nature of band.
1.3214 Power requirement.
1.3215 Intelligence bandwidth.
1.322 Operational.
1.323 Economical,
1.33 Administrative procedures - from expression -of need to
official assignment.
1.331 National.
1.3311 The FCC prodedure.
1.3312 The IRAC procedure.
1.3313 Interference.
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4 P.C.P.B. #1
PROBLEM #1
1.332 International mechanisms.
1.3321 P.F.B.
1.3322 Regions 1, 21 and 3.
? 1,3323 H/F Broadcasting.
1.3324 Aeronautical.
1.333 International procedures.
1.3331 Registration.
1.3332 Notification,
1.3333 Derogation.
1.34 The utilization product of assignments.
1.341 Utilization of a channel in terms of:
1.3411 No use.
1.3412 Standby. "use."
1.3413 Idling "use."
1.3414 Scheduled use.
1.3415 Non-productive use.
1.342 Utilization of a channel in terms of:
1.3421 Time sharing.
1.3422 Geographical sharing.
1.3423 Appropriateness of band.
1.3424 Unnecessary radiation (interference possibilities).
1.34241 Excessive power.
1.34242 Radiation in unnecessary directions.
1.343 Existent regulation and control.
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PROBLEM #1
1.4 Better Utilization of the Radio S ectrum.
1.41 Treated by the bands shown under 1.25.
1.411 Technical betterment of ratio of intelligence units
to spectrum units.
1.4111 Transmitter stability (closer tolerance).
1.4112 Minimization of unnecessary sideband frequencies.
1.4113 Improved receiver sensitivity.
1.4114 Improved receiver selectivity.
1.4115 Full application of technical knowledge to design
and use of antennas.
1.4116 Better relationship between transmitter power
need and present power use.
-1.4117 Reduction of man-made and receiver noise.
1,4118 Minimization of spurious and harmonic emissions.
1.412 Operational betterment.
1.4121 Minimizatibn of unnecessary transmission.
1.4122 Greater frequency sharing.
1.41221 Time, simultaneous scheduled, random.
1.41222 Geographical.
1.4123 Minimization of duplicated circuits.
1.4124 Greater use of wire instead of radio.
1.4125 Grading of bandwidths for voice circuits accord-
ing to needed quality of a service.
1.4126 Reduction of standby circuits, as such.
1.4127 Elimination or reduction of idling.
1.4128 Greater utilization of "optical" bands where
these can meet service requirements.
1.4129 More extensive application of propagational
data and forecasts.
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PROBLEM #1
1.413 Administrative betterment.
1.4131 More rigid and uniform showing of need for a
radio channel prior to assignment.
1.4132 More rigid and uniform justification of assign-
ment on basis of utilization.
1.4133 More rigid and uniform control and regulation
of spectrum utilization.
1.4134 Evolution, if praeticall of formulae for the
mathematical expression of need and utilization
of spectrum space (both for service allocations
and frequencies within the allocations.)
1.4135 Establishment of graded penalties for violations
of frequency utilization.
1.4136 Promotion of operational unification of basic
categories of user agencies.
1.4137 Closer coordination between all users of
frequencies.
1.4138 Establishment and enforcement of progressive
equipment and operational standards consistent
with the advances in research and development.
1.4139 Development and execution of long-range plans
for spectrum utilization which anticipate
advances in research and development.
1.41391 Projection of U. S. progressive standards into
the international scene.
1.41392 Long range coordinated policy planning, carefully
, executed in order to insure the closest adherence
possible to the policies involved.
1.5 Lerlehis_Lope_s_adje_commendations.
1.51 Conclusions.
1.52 Recommendations.
1.521 Language of long-range proposed national policy.
1.522 Proposed ways and means of implementing that policy.
1.523 Proposed ways and means of anticipating frequency prob-
lems by timely revision of pertinent national policy.
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IT.OBLAJ 2
August 291 1950 (1)
2. q'.FCTIVEESS OF ADiii11STiTl01 OF 1M RADIO STZCTRUM BY THE UNITED STATES
2.1 Introducter7,- The Devglaplaa and Growth of Administrative MachiaRzy
2.11 Early recognition of need for regulation of radio
2.111 Safety purposes.
2.112 Avoidance of interference.
2.113 National security.,
2.114 Standardization of systems.
2.12 The development of order.
2.121 The evolution of the body of radio law.
2.1211 National.
2.1212 .International trety and agreements.
2.122 The evolution of mechanisms to administer the radio law.
2.1221 Civil odministration.
2.1222 Governmental.
2.12221 Military.
2.12222 Non-military,
2.13 Changes in the application of the radio law to basic
categories of users. .
2.131 Government vs. non-government.
2.132 Military vs. non-military.
2.2 A m.aisal of the Effectiveness of Present Administrative Machinpxy.
2.21 The present machinery.
2.211 The basic organs.
2.2111 FCC
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2.2112 Federal agency users.
2.21121 Eilitary.
2,21122 Non-military
2.2113 IRAC
2.2114 Department of State
2.2115 TCC
2.2116 ACC
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2.22 Apprai8.4.of effectivehess.
2.221 Centralized authority and responsibility.
2.2211 Status of TCC.
2.2212 Communications Act of 1934 as amended.
2.2213 Congressional authority and responsibility of
FCC under the Communications Act of 1934.
2.2214 Presidential authority and responsibility for
Federal communications.
2.22141 Through IRAC.
2.22142 Through various executive departments
and agencies.
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2.222 Formulation and Liplenentation of overall national
communications policy.
2.2221 Review of past and present policies and/or positions.
' 2.2222 Nocessity of long range policy.
2.2223 Instabilities resulting when no long range policy
guide is available.
2.223 Coordination between Organizations.
2.2231 FCC
2.2232 IRAC
2.2233 TCC/ACC
2.224 The degree of long-range planning,
2.2241 in the use of advanced tochniquos;
2.2242 of transitions from pogo? to war and war to peace;
2.2243 in response to the requirements of existing policy.
2.225 Effectiveness in the imposition of performance standards
on all users of the radio spectrum.
2.2251 Users regulated by FCC.
2.2252 Federal users.
2.3 ObLctivos for Better Administration.
2.31 Continuity of overall administration of the radio spectrum.
2.32 Centralization of 'responsibility for the overall administration
of the radio spectrum.
2.33 Centralization of authority, comc-nsurnto with the responsi-
bility in 2.32, for the overall administration of the radio ?
spectrum.
2.4 Functions of Centralized Administration,
2.41 Execution of national communication policy with respect to
spectrum utilization.
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PROBLEM 2
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2,42 Formulation of additions to, and amendments of, national
communications policy.
2.43 Coordination between all radio spectrum user representatives.
2.44 Long-range planning for the better utilization of the
spectrum.
2.441 Research and development advances.
2.442 Operational technique improvements.
2.443 Transitions from peace to war and war to peace.
2.45 Evolution of U.S. positions and proposals for international
negotiation.
2.46 Establishment and enforcement of overall uniform controls and
regulations for the use of the radio spectrum by any user.
2.5 Mechanism for Ybetipg,the 0121.90-0a2A.
2.51 Presidential or Congressional?
2.52 To replace) revise, absorb, or override FCC?
2.53 Be concerned only with radio, or all.communications?
2.54 Single head or a board?,
2.55 Separate lay or revision of Communications Act of 1934, as
amended, or an Executive Order? ?
2.6 Conclusions and Recommendations.
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PROBL21. 3
August 25, 1950 (1)
3. UNSOUND CONDITIONS IN THE DOLESr.CIC TELL]GRAPH INDUSTRY
3.1 Introductorl.- The Dovelosiient and Grouth of the Indust.
3.11 Description of systems - 1925 to data.
3.111 cstern Union.
3.112 Postal.
3.113 AT&T.
3.114 Others.
3.115 Governmental.
3.1151 Military.
3.1152 Non-Lilitary.
3.12 Trends in public habit in the use of telegram service.
. 3.13 Competitive trends and parallel operations.
3.131 ithin the industry.
3.1311 Inter-city radio.
3.1312 Private leased facilities.
3.1313 Governmental facilities.
3.1314 TUX vs. telegram service.
3.132 Other D.edia.
3.1321 Telephone.
3.1322 Lail.
3.1323 Bxpross service.
3.14 Technological trends.
3.141 Facsimile.
3.142 iiechanization.
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PROBLEM 3
8/29/50 (1)
3.143 Reduction of rolaying.
3.1114 Collection end distribution facilities.
3.15, Economic trends.
3.151 Labor and the cost of lnbor.
3.152 Rotes.
3.153 Non-profit operations.
3.154 Ancillary services.
3.155 Taxation - city, state, and federal.
3.156 Earnings performance.
3.2 An Evaluation of the Industimin Terms of the National Interest.
3.21 National security.
3.211 Provision of domestic network for military operations.
3.212 Provision of domestic network for civil operations which
support military operations.
3.213 Source of trained connunication personnel for military
service.
3.214 Source of equipment and facilities for military use.
3.215 Eedium for keeping public informed including the prcss.
3.22 National economy.
3.221 Notional telegraph industry product in dollars per annum.
3.222 Number gainfully employed.
3.223 Acceleration of economic activity.
3.224 Collection and distribution system for overseas telegrams.
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PROBTa 3
8/29/50 (1)
3.3 Evaluation of the Western Union Situation in terms of the
National Interest,
3.31 Western Union situation.
3.311 Review of performance.
3.312 Quality of service.
3.3121 Speed of service.
3.3122 Accuracy and certainty of service.
3.3123 Number of offices.
3.313 Effects of rate increases upon volume of traffic and
profits.-
3.314 Managerial response to utilization of the products of
research and development in terms .of economic prac-
ticability.
3.315 Effects of leasing facilities.
3.316 Long range planning.
3.4 Evaluation of Possible Corrective Leasure.
3.41 Government action.
3.411 Relaxation of prohibitions on sale of cables.
3.412 Tax relief.
3.413 Diversion of Government traffic to Western Union,
3.414 Require by law sale of TUX service to Western Union.
3.42 Western Union Action.
3.421 Generation o'f more revenues.
3.4211 Improved service.
3.4212 Rate structures.
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IhOBIAM 3
8/29/50 (1)
3.422 Reduction of operating expenses.
3.4221 Reduction of overhead.
3.4222 Application of imporvod techniques.
3.5 Conclusions and Recommendations.
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paon:i 4
4. YliE. EFFECTIVENESS OF THE FCC IN COPING 7ITH ITS INCREASED WORK LOAD.
4.11IntrodugIm_r The Authority and Regposibil#y_pf the FCC Under
the Conpunications Act os_222.
4.11 Pertinent Acts Treaties and Lava.
4.111 Extent and Limitation of responsibility and authority.
4.112 nre Service.
4.12 Fields of authority and responsibility.
4.121 Common carriers.
4.122 Radio communication, general.
4.123 Radio equipment and radio operators on board ship.
4.124 Jurisdiction to enforce Act and Commission orders.
4.125 General.
4.13 Basic elements of Commission administration.
4.131 Control.
4.132 Regulation.'
4.133 Enforcement.
4.134 Quasi-judiciel functions.
4.2 21121210tion of the Commission.
4.21 Composition of Commission, itself, and certain key personnel,
as required by the Act.
4.211 Commissioners.
4.212 Key personnel.
4.22 Organization of the staff prior to commencement of reorganization.
4.221 Bureau of Law.
4.222 Bureau of Lngineering.
4.223 Bureau of Accounting.
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4.224 Bureau of the Secretary.
4.225 Bureau of Administration.
4.2251 Planning.
4.2252 Budget.
4.2253 Personnel.
4.226 Commissioners' Staffs.
4.227 Hearing Division.
4.23 The present status of reorganization.
4.231 Reasons for reorganization.
4.2311 The Hoover Reports.
4.2312 The McFarland Senate Subcommittee.
4.2313 The Sadowski House Subcommittee.
4.2314 The O'Conor Senate Subcommittee.
4.2315 Public dissatisfaction.
4.232 Purposes of reorganization.
4.2321 Stated purposes,
4.23211 Increase efficiency.
4.23212 Improve morale.
4.23213 Functionalize work load.
4.23214 Reduce delays in serving public.
4.2322 Status of reorganization.
4.23221 Initiated by Commission itself.
4.23222 Now Common Carrier Bureau,
4.23223 Now Safety and Special Services Bureau.
4.23224 Transfer of certain divisions to key
offices.
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P,i.OBLEM 4
8/30/50 (1)
4.23225 Projected reorganization yet to be
achieved.
4.2323 Effects of reorganization thus for.
4.23231 Effect on budgetary requirements.
4.23232 Effects on morale.
4.23233 Effects on sorvice to the public.
4.23234 Effects on Commissionors work load.
4.23235 Is it proving in?
4.3 Description and AnajmirLAL,Itigi_Current end Pro:acted Work Land.
4.31 Processing applications.
4.311 The purpose of applications.
4.312 Tho kinds of applications.
4.313 The relationship of applications to the Commission's
rulos end regulations. ,
4.314 Processing procedures.
4.315 Extent of delegation of authority to the Staff to grant
authorizations based upon applications.
4.316 Current backlog of applications in terms of numbers
and age. .
4.32 Rule-Making.
4.321 The purpose of rule-making.
4.322 The kinds of rulo-making.
4.323 The effect of rulo-mcking on opplication work load.
4.324 The effect of rule-making on enforcement work load.
4.325 Initiators of rule-ranking.
4.3251 Commission and Commissioners.
4.3252 The Staff.
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4.3253 The public.
8/30/50 (1)
4.3254 Other Federal agencies.
4.326 The rule-mnking process.
1
4.327 Requirements of the Administrative Procedures Act.
4.326 The backlog of rule-making.
4.329 Anticipated rule-making work load.
4.33 Enforcement,
4.331 The purpose of enforcement.
4.332 Tho means of detecting violations.
4.333 Enforcement processes.
4.3331 Simple citations.
4.333Q Involved violations.
4.3333 Imposition of penalties.
4.334 Tho relationship of enforcement to authorizations and
, rule-making.
4.335 Current backlog of enforcement work load.
4.336 Anticipated enforcement work load.
4.34 Hearings.
4.341 The cause of hearings.
4.342 The purpose of hearings.
. 4.343 The relationship of hearings to rule-making.
4.344 The hearing processes.
? 4.3441 Hearings before Conmission.
4.3442 Hearings before Examiners,
4.345 Current backlog of hearing schedules in terms of numbers
and age.
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3.346 Anticipated hearing i:ork load.
4.35 Inspection.
4.351 The purpose of inspection.
4.352 Tho scope of inspection.
4.353 The organization for inspection.
4.354 Current inspection .ork load.
4.355 Anticipated inspection work load.
4.36 Monitoring.
4.361 The purpose of monitoring.
4.362 The scope of monitoring.
4.363 The organization for monitoring.
4.364 Status of current monitoring work load.
4.365 Anticipated monitoring work load.
4.37 Special legal activities.
4.371 Litigation.
4.372 Congressional legislation.
8/30/50 (1)
4.373 Testimony and statements for Congress and other
Federal agencies..
4.374 Recommendations to Congress for modification of the Act.
4.375 Status of current work load.
4.376 Anticipated work load.
4.38 Preparation for and participation in international communica-
tions conferoncos.
4.381 Purpose of activity.
4.382 Scope of this activity.
4.383 Current work load.
4.384 Anticipated work load.
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PROBLEU 4
4.39 General administration.
4.391 Offices of the Commissioners.
4.392 Personnel.
4.393 Executive Ennagemcnt.
4.394 Budget and finance.
4.395 Planning.
4.396 Other,
4.397 Status of present 1:ork load.
4.398 Anticipated work load.
4.391 Policy making.
4.3911 The purpose of policy making.
4.3912 The scope of policy making.
4.39121 Internal application.
4.39122 External application.
4.3913 Status of cUrrent policy making.
4.3914 Anticipated policy making pork load.
4.392 Summary of current and anticipated loads.
8/30/50 (1)
4.4 Additional Factors Contribut1DE to the_lroblem.
4.41 Effect of eoonony-mindedness upon Commission appropriations.
4.42 The effects of the staff-work load ratio upon efficiency.
4.43 Requirements of new services and activities.
4.431 Color television.
4.432 Land mobile services.
4.433 Rapid technological advances.
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4,,OBL1 4
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4.44 lequirements of Government.
4.441 Congressional investigations of FCC.
4.442 Korean situation and military needs.
4.443 The Atlantic City Table of Frequency Allocations.
4.444 The President's Communications Policy Board.
4.445 Linn-hours required in the reorganization survey.
4.45 The effects of reorganization.
Eral444440=x, 4,5 iVJaOSUTeS for Im:provemont.
4.51 Administrative.
4.511 Stenmlino operations.
4.512 Greater delegation of authority to Staff,
4.513 Reduction of Commissioners' detailed work load.
4.514 Bring rules and regulations up to data and maintain
their currentness.
?4.515 Impeso small penalties for minor violations to reduce
work load,
4.516 Hinimize, as far as practicable, legalistic approach
to administration.
4.517 Continue to review the Act from the point of view of
simplifying administration.
4.518 Consider the merits of including a goneral manager
on the Commission with a view to relieving the Com-
missioners of administrative problems.
4.52 Personnel.
4.521 Improve calibre of executive and administrative talent.
4.522 Establish training program for Staff,
4.523 Keep key members of Staff informed of technological
progress of the communications arts and sciences.
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4.524 Endeavor to transfer -personnel to positions best suited
to their ability.
4.525 Balance number of top ratings in relation to size of
Staff.
4.526 Possibility of obtaining hiring and firing authority.
4.53 Budgetary.
4.531 Necessity for convincing presentation of budgetary
requirements.
4.54 Policy determinations.
4.541 Emphasize service to the public (not regulation of
the public).
4.542 Necessity of keeping Staff and public advised concerning
policy.
4.543 Necessity for determining overriding policy at Commission
level.
4.55 Organization of FCC.
4.551 Penalization of Commissioners by basic fields of activity.
4.552 Functionalize Staff completely.
4.553 Extreme desirability of maintaining professional balance
in the appointment of Commissioners (lawyers, engineers,
business men, public affairs nen, economists, and
communicators).
4.6 Conclusions.
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P.C.P.B.
PROBLEL 5
August 31, 1950 (1)
5. THE NECESS ITY FOR POREULATING AND ILPLELENTING A NATIONAL TELECOLLUNI-
CATIONS POLICY.
5.1 ,Intrgliction.
5.11 A definition of policy.
Policy is an expression of a course of conduct, speci-
fically a line of governing action uith respect to some
specific issue.
A well-rounded policy should be declaratory, informa-
tive, objective, developmental, coordinative, and con-
tinuing; it should implement and preserve.the notional
ideals in. a dosirable course of action,
Note: A "position" is not to be confused with a
policy in this paper, as a "position" is
?onside-20d to be ?a stand determined by policy.
5.12 The purpose of national teJ,1conmur4cations policy:
The purpose of national telecommunications policy is
to guide the Nation in the best possible development and
application of telecommunications.
5.2 Past Perforce of the U.1_? in the Formulation and Imlementa-
tion of National Communications Pelku.
5.21 During the growth of telecommunications over the years, the
United States, in its increasing need for the rapid exchange
of ideas, has evolved a number of positions and in some
cases policies, which have served to some oxtont as guide
posts for the regulation of telecommunications nationally
and internationally.
Those policies and positions for the most part oxist
only in the minds of these who uso them, or are embraced
the nocessaril:y broad language of international com-
munications treaties, or are in some regulatory outlinos
of particular agencies, etc.
So far as is known, these "guide posts" have never
been sot forth in any one document, properly evaluated,
translated in terms of the national interest, and made
available for the guidance and coordination of the tole-
communications interests of the United States.
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PROBLEM 98
5.22 Paraphrases of certain policies and positions.
5.221 General Telecommunications.
8/31/50 (1)
5.2211 That, it shall be the aim and goal of the United
States to adequately provide for the rapid un-
restricted exchange of international and national
to consistent uith national se-
curity.
(Ref: Atlantic City Convention, Art. 28 and 33.)
5.2212 That, it shall be the constant aim of the United
States to strive for world leadership in tho
advancement technically, scientifically, pro-
codurely, and operationally of the telecommunica-
tions art, uith the limitations imposed by
economic practicability.
(Ref; Accepted practice.)
5.2213 That, the United States does foster and -encourage
the participation of private United States com-
munications enterprises in the work preparatory
to and of telecommunication conferences which
involve the interests of the United States.
(Ref; Annex 4, General Regulations, Atlantic
City, Chapter 2.)
5.2214 That, in tine of war, national emergency, or
limited national emergency, as proclaimed by the
President, the U. S. Government shall have avail-
able to it the total telecommunication resources
of the United States, with due regard to thc
extent of the war or emergency and the continuing
operation of services considered, to be essential
or desirable to the welfare of the United States
during such a time.
(Rof: E. C. #8546, DCB.)
5.2215 That, the United States should be appropriately
represented at any telecommunications conference
when such a conference is considered to be re-
lated, directly or indiroctly, to the national
interest.
(Ref: Accepted practice.)
5.2216 That, the United States continually strive to
make available, as far as possible, to all the
people of the United States, for the purpose of
National Defense, stimulating Interstate and
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Foreign Commerce, and for the purpose of pro-
moting safety of life and property, a rapid,
efficient, nation-wide and world-vide wire and
radio communication service with adequate faci-
lities at reasonable charge.
(Rcf: Scc. 1, Communications Act of 1934.)
5.222 Radio Communicaticma.
5.2221 That the United States considers that the basic
guide to follow in the normal assignment of
radio frequencies for transmission purposes is
the avoidance of harmful interference.
(Ref: Atlantic City Convention, Art. 3 and 44.)
5.2222 That the' United States considers that, in the
normal peace-time assignment of radio frequencies,
the highest priority of assignment is as follows
in the order named:
(1) Frequencies used predominantly, primarily,
and directly to safeguard the national
security, which means that such frequencies
carry intelligence of the highest order which
is vital to the safety of the nation.
(2) Frequencies used primarily, predominantly,
end directly to safeguard life and property
in conditions of distress.
(3) Frequencies used in services where no other
adequate moans of rapid communication exists
and where such communication is considered
to be necessary or desirable in tho national
security or interest.
(4) Frequencies used for all other purposes, the
assignment of which must necessarily be judged
upon the merits of individual need.
(Ref; Accepted practice.)
5.2223 That the United States considers, in the peace-
time assignment of radio frequencies for communi-
cations purposes, that such frequencies should
not normally be assigned when other forms of
communication, notably vire cul,;:unicc,tion, will
suffice.
(Ref: IRAC policy.)
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P. C. P. B.J1
PAOBLEI:
5.2224
To make the cost efficient and orderly use of
the radio spectrum in the national interest
Administration of the radio spectrum must be
predicated on consideration of all available
data, including justification, international
regulations, national laws, established govern-
ment policies, national interest, availability
of other possible communication facilities, and
technical aspects.
(Ref: IRAC report to Sadowski, page 4. Library
Ref. CA 28.)
5.2225 To the end that there be most efficient utiliza-
tion of the radio spectrum, acceptance of a
radio frequency assignment imposes definite ob-
ligations on the assignee with respect both as
to equipment and to use. Some of these are
specified. in treaties and laws. Among the im-
portant obligations are:
(3)
To use the beat and most selective radio
apparatus the state of the art and service
operating requirements permit;
(b) To use frequencies economically by avoiding
unnecessary emissions and conducting opera-
tions on a minimum number of frequencies;
(c) To shore frequencies between agencies as a
recognized and necessary expedient for the
fullest utilization of the radio spectrum.
(Ref: IRAC report to Sadowski, pacie 4, Library
Ref. CA 28.)
5.2226 That the United States insists, as a basic
upon the planned use of the radio si:octruu.
(Ref: Instructions to Chairman, U.S. Delegation
to the High Frequency Broadcasting Conference,
1,:texico City, 1948, TCC Document #405, Annex 2.
Library Ref. C59.)
5.2227 That the United States recognizes the necessity
for both simultaneous and non-simultaneous
shoring of frequencies on both a national and
an international basis.
(Ref. TCC Document 243, page 2. Library Ref. 041.)
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5.223 Coble Communications.
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8/31/50
5.2231 That the United States fosters and promotes
research and development in both cable and
radio communication. The use of improvements
such as submarine repeaters and multi-channel
operation shall, wherever possible, be encouraged.
(Ref: Bermuda Agreement, TD Serial #558, Final
Acs, page 10, Library Ref, 090.)
5.224 Wire Communications.
5.2241 That the United States considers the wire com-
munication networks in the continental United
States and its possessions to be vitally neces-
sary to the national security and interest, both
from a standpoint of rapid internal communication
and the expeditious exchange of international
communication, and that as such, these wire com-
munication networks should be based upon the
soundest structure possible and should reflect
the most efficient and modern operation that
sound economics will permit.
(Ref: Accepted practice.)
5.225 Broadcast Communications.
5.2251 That the United States is strongly opposed to
the principle of priority categories of broad-
casting service as a basis of frequency assignment.
(Ref: TCC Dec. 405, Annex 2, Library Ref. 059.)
5.2252 In the interests of international understanding
and the promotion of peace and harmony among
the nations of the world, a high premium must
be placed upon the hir;la frequencies for inter-
national broadcasting.
(Ref: TCC Doc. 405, Annex 2, Library Ref. 059.)
5.226 Aeronautical Communications.
5.2261 That the United States subscribes to the view
that no public correspondence shall be trans-
mitted on aeronautical mobile frequencies.
TPS Doc. Serial #569, page 17, Library
Ref. 094.)
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8/31/50 (1)
5.227 Larne Communications.
5.2271 That the United States favors the establishment
of a System of radio communication between air-
craft and the Earitire iobile Service, which
enhances safety and provides a means for the
handling of traffic with aircraft on a world-
wide basis.
(Ref: TD Doc #16, Serial #341, page 83, para. Do
Library Ref. C83.)
5.228 Amateur Communications.
5.2281 That the United States considers the Amateur
Service to be vitally necessary to the national
security and interest in providing a pool of
self trained personnel in the techniques of
telecommunications, inter-communication, skilled
operators and radio frequencies which are of
value in limited or national emergency.
(Ref: Accepted practice.)
5.229 Tele Ta -h Communications.
5.2291 That the United States subscribes to the
standardization of the 5-unit code of Inter-
national Telegraph Alphabet number two.
(Ref: TPS Doc..#563o page 16, Library Ref. 092.)
5.2292 That the United States advocates the elimination
of special rates for Government telegrams in the
International Service.
(Ref: TPS Doc. Serial #563, page 32, Library
Ref. C92.)
5.2291 Navirational Aids.
5.22911 AcrencTtical
"UNITED STATES NATIONAL POLICY ON ELECTRONIC
LONG-DISTANCE AiDS TO NAVIGATION
POLICE
"1. The policy of the United States in respect to electronic long-distance
aids to navigation is as follows:
"a. The United States will support and promote-a single system of
- electronic long-distance aids to navigation for United States and
world-vide standardization.
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8/31/50 (1)
"b. At the present time the aids which the United States has adopted
and now supports and promotes are Loran and high-power LF/NF Non
-
Directional Beacons in that order of preference.
"(1)1Lorant is considered as one type of aid regardless of the
frequency employed.
"(2) Loran will be continued, improved, and expanded to provide
needed coverage. The choice of a frequency for Loran installa-
tions in any particular area will be governed by the require-
ments to be met and the frequencies available in that area.
"(3) Therever it is technically, economically or operationally
desirable, the United States supports LF/NF Non-Directional
Beacons of sufficient power to moot requirements in a specific
area.
"(4) Recognizing the special recommendations sot forth in Attach-
ment A of the draft document, 'Annex 10 to the Convention of Inter-
national Civil Aviation', during the interim period the continued
use or extension of other systems will not be acceptable if such
system or systems require airborne or shipborne equipment in
excess of, or different from, that required for the use of Loran
or LF/MF Non-Directional Beacons.
c. The United States will take the necessary steps to obtain and main-
tain all times the qualitative and quantitative data by which the
choice of electronic long distance aids to navigation can be determined
and furthered internationally."
(Ref: TCC Doc.. #557, Appendix A, Library Ref. 11G15.)
5.22912 1,4aritime
"UNITED STATES PoLlq-z FOR aio-lo AND
ELECiRONIC AIDS FOR .AHINE NAVIGATION
"The national security, the nation's sea commerce, and the assurance of ade-
quate safety of life and property at sea require an efficient, integrated,
standardized system of radio and electronic aids for marine navigation.
"A multiplicity of new radio and electronic devices and systems possessing
potential applicability for marine navigation have been developed during
recent years, both at home and abroad. In fact, the devices and systems
which have boon developed and made potentially available as aids to nevi
,-
Lotion are so numerous that standardization is mandatory if the encourage-
ment and development of United States sea commerce is to take place ?cone-
mically. and realistically.
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"In consequence, it is vital to the national interest that the United States
play a. leading role in the development, investigation, selection and
standardization of a world-wide system for marine navigation. This role
should be played at the earliest practicable moment consistent with open-
mindedness and sound technical judgment directed toward the attainment .
of optimum results, with due consideration for the cost to ship operators
being kept as low as practicable.
"An open-minded attitude shall be maintained toward novel systems and de-
vices vhich.eventually may develop to be superior to existing systems.
This attitude, however, shall not be permitted to retard the adoption of
a world system based on systems already. proved and in vide use over a
large part of the worId's waterways.
"To simplify standardization, to effect the greatest economy in operation
and to further the most economical use of the radio spectrum, the joint use
of radio aids by both air and sea craft is hereby advocated where mutually
advantageous.
"The policy contained herein is applicable for domestic guidance as well as
for use as a basis for international discussions on standardization of de-
vices, systems and performance.
"For the present and at least the immediate future the following devices
and systems are advocated as beint, practicable.
llaylsz=m
"A. Anti-Collision.
The use of radar shall be encouraged in order to enhance safe
and economical operation primarily to reduce the risk of
collision.
B. Position Fixing,
1. Distances over fifty miles.
(Aid to ocean navigation requiring accuracy of 1% and
allowing 15 minutes to obtain position fix.)
(a) Loran - This system shall be continued, improved
and expanded.
(b) Shipboard MF/DF with radio beacons (useful up to
200 miles), This system shall be continued,
improved and expanded.
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PROBLEM &a
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"2. Distances between 50.04d 3 miles.
(Aid to approaching land, coastal navigation and port
approach requiring one-half mile to 200 yards accuracy
and allowing 5 minutes to one-half minute respectively
to obtain positionfix.)
)
Shipboard MF/DF with radiobeacens, This system shall
be continued, improved and expanded.
(b) Shipboard radars. Their use shall be encouraged
and the devices shall be improved.
(c) Radar aids, both active and passive. They are neces-
sary for the special marking of navigational aids,
dangers and shore features, to facilitate identifica-
tion by radar. Their further development for purposes
of operational evaluation should be continued.
n3. Distances less than 3 miles.
(Aid to harbor entrance requiring 50 yards accuracy and
instantaneous position and track fixing.)
(a) Shipboard radars (high resolution). Their use
should be encouraged and the devices shall be ,
improved.
(b) Radar aids, both active and passive. They are
necessary for the special marking of navigational
aids, dangers and shore features, to facilitate
identification by radar. Their further develop-
ment for purposes of operational evaluation should
be continued.
(c) Shipboard MF/DF uith rediobeacons. This system
shall be continued, improved and expanded.
Harbor Control and Harbor Communication.
A. Harbor Control -Radar.
This service shall be provided as required.
B. Harbor Control Communications.
VHF Radiotelephone channels for harbor control purposes shall
be provided.- The channels and. modulation should be standardized
internationally,
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PhOBILhiga
Frequencies.
"The United States shall advocate the international standardization of fre-
quenc allocations for use or operational evaluation with respect to the
above devices and systems.
"It is believed that the frequency allocations recommended to the Depart-
ment of Stets by the Interdepartmental iladio :,.dvisery Committee and the
Federal Communications Commission will meet the operational and technical
' requirements of the radio navigational devices and systems herein desig-
nated. These are as follows:
Shipboard Radar:
" B. Radar Beacons:
" C. Loran:
3000 to 3246 Mc
5460 to 5650 Mc
9320 to 9500 Mc
3256 Mcs + 10 Mc
5450 Mcs + 10 Mc
9310 Mcs + 10 Mc
1800 to 2000 kc
"D. LF/MF Radiobencons 280 to 320 kc
"E. Harbor Control Communi-
cations in the Band: 152 to 162 Mc."
(Ref: IkfIRAN Doc. 5, Library Ref. C98.)
5.3 Some Additional Telecommunications Problems Thich_21112k.2
National Poliqy.
5.31 Necessity of agreed technical standards for national appli-
cation by the various services? using radio frequencies.
5.32 Grouing demand for radio frequencies and the need for
governing policy.
5.33 Necessity for policy to insure an adequate and sound
domestic uire distribution service,
5.34 Necessity for.policies designed to insure proper and ade-
quate functioning of such regulatory or advisory bodies
as FCC,, TCC, and IliAC.-
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5.35 Necessity for policies designed to servo the national
interest end security from the standpoint of merging
communication interests.
5.36 Necessity for policy to govern and decide the extent
to which government should operate communication facili-
ties under our system of free enterprise.
5.37 Necessity for policy to dictate the degree of monopoly
in telecommunications which is considered to be in the
best interest of the United States.
5.36 Necessity for a policy governing the transition and the
extent of transition of communication facilities from a
war footing to fa peace footing.
5.39 Necessity for a policy to indicate the United States needs
in the radio spectrum with relation to the rest of the world.
5.391 Necessity for a policy governing the use of cables in
relation to the use of radio.
5.392 Necessity for a basic policy which recognizes the need
for and application of a Federal mechanism for the overall
plq/Ining, coordination, promotion, control, regulation, and
administration of all U.S. communication services.
5.393 Necessity for a policy governing the following services:
5.3931 Tropical broadcasting.
5.3932 High frequency broadcasting.
5.3933 Tolbphone communication.
5.394 Necessity for a policy governing the allocation of fre-
quency bands to formalized radio services.
5.395 Policy regarding amateurs.
5.396 Necessity for a policy which will clarify.govornmental
and non-governmental use of the spectrum by the United
States.
5.397 Necessity for a policy concerning coordination between the
International Telecommunications Union, international heteor-
ological Organization, the propossod Inter-governmental
Maritime Consultative Organization, and the International
Civil Aviation Organization so for as telecommunications
matters are concerned.
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PROBTF,M
5.4 References Through Thich National Telecommunicatiou_221lay
EIY-D2_Eaula.
8/31/50 (1)
5.41 Review of Uni'ted States Chairmen Reports on international
telecommunications conferences.
. 5.42 Review of instructions to dolegations to and proposals for
international conferences. -
5.43 ?Review of TCC decisions.
5.44 Review of all bi-lateral and multilateral telecommunication
conference agreements, treaties, and final acts.
5.45 Other related documents, such as the Communications Act
of 1934, The Radio Law, etc.
5,5 ap_Need For An_gzuall_Ellipnal Te1eessimunications_111Agy.
5.51 The difficulty of reaching decisions and solving problems
in the absence of a stated policy.
5.52 The difficulty of determining delegation positions at
international conferences because of the necessity of
searching through post documentation of preceding com-
mittees or conferences.
5.53 The desirability of having stated telecommunications policy
available in one brochure for reference by all services.
5.6 Existinf; Mechanism for the Formulation and Innlement tion o
Notional Communications Policy.
5.61 Graphic representation of Constitution, President, Congress,
Department of State, TOC, FCC, and any other related bodies
which presently administer or implement telecoMmunications
policy.
5.62 Review of past formulation and implementation of policy by
the present mechanism in order to determine whether it has
been sufficiently effective.
5,63 Comparative review of the effectiveness of other national
mechanisms.
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5.7 The Necessity for an Overall Mechanism to Administer National
Communications P2.42y.
5.71 An estimate of the future need for overall administration
of national communications policy based upon the Frowth
of telecommunications, nationally and internationally.
5.72 The undesirable existinc situation which obtains with record
to policy in the telecommunications field.
5.8 Conclusions and Recommendations.
5.81 Summarization of the problem and' its relationship to the
remainder of the items in this outline.
5.82 Recommendations for new or revised policies, if any.
5.83 Recommendations for new or revised mechanisms to implement
or administer such policies.
8/31/50 (1)
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PROBLE11 6
6. lkgl.g.R W.2214:1L.
21fEkti,
cAmms_is, ?po
nwsi.
Aftuat 30: 1950 (1)
41A1.4.119.51.9.glgia_n_P.90.111itA0-401.U101AL?AaAgl..22Elmoretal.9.N1119as
gialaalA-4408 F?
6.11 Physical plant.
6.111 gablo.
6.112 tic dioU
6.1121 Filed goo, gQta.
. 6.1122 Mariano senieca.
6.113 Radiotolograph.
6.1131 Fixed sorricea.
6.1132 Linritimo sorviods.
6.12 Magnitude a traffic handled.
6.121 Cablo
6,122 Ildiotolophono.
6.123 Radiotelegraph.
6.13 Lagnitudo of rovotuos and earnings.
6.131 cable-
6.1)2 Radiotelephone.
6.133 RadiotolograPh.
6.,14 Radio speetrum utilization.
64241 Fraquency uso.
6.142 Extent? of duplitation.
6.15 Rolntionstip of thoso cot ordica fnoilitioc to overseas
governrental facilitiet,
6.151 Degree of availability of comtoreinl facilities to
Elect Eovermental comunications needs,
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6.1511 idlitary
6.1512 non-military.
6.152 rixtent of governmental facilities.
6.1521 Circuit duplicatins.
6.153Ifect of ,:overtl,ontal facilities Upon commercial
revenues.
6.1531 MilitarY.
6.1532 Non-rilitary.
6.154 Government rate differentials.
6.16 Value of commercial overseas facilities to the national
intercst.
6.161 National security.
6.1611 Lilitary economy and tartine readiMso during
peacetime.
641612 Eilitary use in wartime.
6.162 Notional economy.
6.1621 Facilitation of international trade and
understanding.
6.1622 Gainful enpleymont.
6 'Terc,er Pocsibilities.
6.21'L1onmtal combinations.
6.211 All fixod and maritime commercial radiotelegraph services.
6.212 All fixcd and Earitimo cornorcial radiotelephone services.
6.213 Combinations of 6.211 and 6.212.
6.214 1111 commercial overseas facilities.
6.215 Gov,_.rnr.cnt ovorsocs facilities.
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?ECKEL 6
8/30/50 (1)
6.216 fiRT, ECAC, and lar.
6.217 All overseas facilities,
64,22 Advantages and disadvantages of each combination under 6.21
in terms of:
6.221 National security;
64222 Foreign policy;
6.223 Bargaining Power with relation to Foreign Administrations.
6.224 Health of the overseas communications services;
6.225 National economy;
6.2251 Effect on rates.
6.2252 Effect on frequency requirements.
6.2253 Effect on speed of service.
6.2254 Effect on overhead expenses.
6.2255 Universal standards of operation.
6.3 Problems Incident to FILosIlng_Merger.
6.31 Legal.
6.311 Anti-trust laws.
6.312 Enabling legislation.
6.3121 1,1andatory.
6.3122 Voluntary.
6.313 Patent matters.
6.314 Contractual commitments.
6.32 Financial.
6.321 Valuation of plant,
6.322 Liquidation or transfer of financial obligations
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pRoarzi. 6
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6.323 Writing-off or disposing of surplus or obsolescent plant.
6.33 Labor relations.
6.331 Labor contracts..
6.332 Level of employment.
6.34 Technical,
6.341 Compatibility of techniques.
6.3411 National.
6.3412 International.
6.35 Operational.
6.351 Standardization of procedures and practices.
6.3511 Domestic.
6.3512 ereign.
6.352 Standardization of teletypeuriter keyboards.
6.36 Political..
6.361 CoLilereial sentiment.
6.362 Government sentiment.
6.363 International sentiment.
6.4 Effects of Lerger Upon the Nati2na1 Interest,
6.41 National security.
6.411 Capacity of merged systems to provide for military needs,
6.412 Reduction of number of negotiators for war and peace
planning.
6.413 Protection of facilities through dispersion.
6.414 Necessity of a stabilized existence of an overseas system
for Afar purposes.
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PROBLEL 6
E/3(/50 0_)
6.415 Pomibility of ratifying Uto Intor-aation41 ToloFrap
Rogulations tindir mo forn of mrgor.
6.42 National oconow?
6,421 Effects on labcx.
6.42 ffbets on ratse
6.423 gffects of loss of competition.
6.424 Effect on progrossivemOs of moneggoant.
6.425 =recta on gotiations.
6.426 Effects on qmclity and speed of morvioc.
6.427 Moots ott f.elquoirley
6.5 Corclugotp ord
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PROBLEM #7
CIA-RDP80-01053A000300030003-5
Ougust 30, 1950 (1)
7. THE EXTENT TO vagiugagggazaw___________
OF CONVIUNICEfigN_LAITIL,
7.1 De_g_Low.Lti__p_i and eyelepaneat.sLifitgera
NT SHOULD CONTINUE OPERATION
Comm ication Facilities.
7.11 Factors which led to development of government facilities.
7.111 Military need for adequate communications.
7.112 Need for rapid communication for Federal agencies.
7.113 Safety services.
7.114 Public correspondence in Alaska, military bases and
occupied areas.
7.12 Effect of World War II.
7./21 Military occupational requirements.
7.122 Overseas U. a. political interests.
7.123 Rapid expansion of aeronautical transportation services.
7.124 International broadcasting.
7.2 Existing Federal CovernmentlagIllgeLalagnitale_mllogl9,
last RepregeataIlve Year.
7.21 Wire and cable facilities, leased and owned outright, tele-
,graph.
7.211 Military.
7.212 Non-military.
7.22 Wire facilities, leased and awned outright, telephone.
7.221 Military.
7.222 Non-military.
7.23 Radio telephone facilities, leased and owned outright.
7.231 Military.
7.232 Non-military.
7:24 Radio telegraph facilities, leased and owned outright.
7.241 Military.
7.242 Non-military.
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PROBLEM #7
7.25 Other servicesmaintained by Federal agencies,
7.251 Safety.
7.252 Navigational.
7.253 Aeronautical.
7.3 Ext9nt and Cost ofjpparating These Facilities.,_proko_20112y
glamat_g_Uptarat&m.:WAgatla.
7.31 Evaluation of the need for these services in terms of dupli-
cation and necessity.
7.311 Contribution of these services to the national interest.
7.312 Degree of standardization.
7.4 Justifieatio of Government 0 eration Where Commere al Fa ilities
Are Available.
7.41 Comparative costs broken down by services and agencies.
7.42 Effects upon stability of commercial operations.
7.43 Effects upon utilization of radio spectrum.
7.44 Study of special services and areas.
7.441 High frequency broadcasting.
7.442 Alaska, Puerto Rico, Hawaii, Canal Zone.
7.45 Quality of service.
7.451 Federal operation.
7.452 Commercial operation.
7.46 Incidental costs of government and commercial operation.
7.461 Government administrational costs.
7.462 Commercial billing costs.
7.463 Claims.
7.464 Tax differential.
7.465 Effect of government operation on public rates.
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410 - 3 - 41, 8/30/50 (1)
PROBLEM #7
7.5 Conclusions and Recommendations.
7.51 Review of Federal Government operation in services Where
commercial service is available.
7.512 Review of Federal Government operation in services
where no commercial service is available.
7.52 Conclusions:
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P.C.P.B. #1
PROBLEM #8
?
41114t 301 1950 (1)
8. A REVIEW OF UNITED STATES TELEcolgalgEommu THE STANDPOINT OF
MONOPOLY.
8.1 Introductory - Extent of Communicat10,19411Iles Under Consi.qqggLial.
8.11 Governmental systems.
8.111 Alaska Communication System (Army Signal Corps).
8.12 AT&T and affiliated companies.
8.121 Domestic telephony.
8.122 Domestic telegraphy.
8.123 Overseas point-to-point radiotelephony.
8.124 High seas radiotelephony.
8.125 Coastal harbor radiotelephone service (2 Mc).
8.126 Port radiotelephone service (VHF).
8.127 Domestic public land mobile radiotelephone service (VHF).
8.13 Western Union Telegraph Company.
8.131 Domestic telephony.
8.132 Domestic telegraphy.
8.14 Mutual Telephone Company of Hawaii.
8.2 Analysis of Factors Which lby Ind ate ndencie Tow
tie
maaly .
8.21 Percentage of total industry activity handled by these
activities for past 20 years.
8.211 Dollar re-venue.
8.212 Traffic load.
8.213 Exclusivity of areas.
8.22 Willingness to provide interconnecting .service to competitors.
8.23 Presence of effective competitive services.
8.24 Price control.
8.25 Progressiveness.
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PROBLEM #8
8.3 The Advantages and Disadvantages of MonoDolv in the Field of
Communicatiops.
8.31 Advantages.
8.311 Integration of system.
8.312 Avoidance of destructive competition.
8.313 Avoidance of duplication of investment in facilities.
8.314 Avoidance of wasteful consumption of natural resources.
8.315 Minimizes coordinative effort.
8.316 Better service resulting from standardized equipment.
8.32 Disadvantages.
8.321 Tendency toward price control.
8.322 Possibility of affording inferior service to public.
8.323 Greater possibility of lack of progressiveness.
8.324 Lack of dispersion in the interest of security.
8.325 Tendency to stifle free competition.
8.4 The ADDlicabilit of the Anti-Trust Laws to the Communications
TOustry,
8.41 Federal.
8.42 State.
8.5 Conclusions and Recommendations.
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