CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS IN THE CRIMEA AND NORTHWEST CAUCASUS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00926A003100050012-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 38
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 17, 2012
• Sequence Number: 12
• Publication Date: February 21, 1951
• Content Type: REPORT

7 ~
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
COUNTRY
SUBJECT Const:r?u tion Materials in the Crimea and Northwest
( aa3 na'r,7ur`
PLACE
ACQUIREL
DATE
ACQUIRE
CLASSIFICAT N CoNFZn rIAt/us oFF?IGIALs ONVe
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
INFORMATION REPORT
REPORT
SEPI%R 7
THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE
OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE ESPIONAGE ACT 50
U. S. C,. 31 AND 32, AS AMENDED. ITS TRANSMISSION OR THE REVELATION
OF ITS CONTENTS IN ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS PRO-
HIBITED BY LAW. REPRODUCTION OF THIS FORM IS PROHIBITED,
-STATE
IARMY
DATE DISTR. 0 / Feb
NO. OF PAGES 1
NO. OF ENCLS.
(LISTED BELOW)
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
50X1-HUM
1951
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
CLASSIFICATION CONFIDENTIAL/US O PICIAW ONLY
NSRB
FBI
DISTRIBUTION
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17 CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
C 0 S 1' -[ 0 C '1' I 0 t i A L I A L S
I
C In, :u A A N D N. :7 . C A U C A S U S
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
 4 7.t 3H Y^FRR? f 7? 25 4" M"*' '-E 't F'E A
71,
n Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
C e m e n t limestones in Caucasus
These natural cement limestones are developed along
the Black See shore from town Noworossijsk in the north,till Sochi
in the south.
The reserves of these limestones are measured by millions tonnes and
the exploitation of the layers is easy and is produced by the open
quarries (Carriers).
The silicious cement limestones are interbedded with marls and sand-
stones in form of permanent alternation.
This complex represents the lower part of mighty series of calcareous
rocks (marls,sandstones and limestones.)
The whole thickness is measured from 1000 metres till
1500 m. and more. (:Maximum 2000 metres.)
The series of these rocks,that has a special geological name "Flysh"
in this facies is folded in some rows of parallel anticlines and
synclines rather complicated with faults and overfaults.
The mass of these rocks relates to Upper Cretacious System and occu-
and
pies the flanks of anticlines.: the inside parts of synclines.
The main cement plants are situated in town Nowoross-
ijsk on the north shore of Noworossijsk bay.
These plants are the oldest and largest and have quarries on the south
slope of the Markoth Range.(Its average height is about 600 metr.)
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
In the beginning they had the annealing furnaces of an old time and
therefore could only use the limestones of special chemical compo-
sition,but afterwards before the war I-st they reconstructed the plants,
supplying them with turning round (rotary) furnaces,which allowed to
use all the lime end marl-rocks as route material,except sandstones
and shales.
farkotkh Range represents itself the anticline that is overttr
reed to the Southwest and is composed by Upper Cretaceous rocks.
The forests spread out on the other (North-'astern) side of the Farkotkh
Range and in the valle,- at the foot of this Range
The South-Western slope of TV=arkotkh Range faced to the bay, as well as
the surroundings of No,.vorossijsk are deprived of forests.
Another cement plant is situated close to the railway station
h np-
Tonnelnaaja (Wercne-Bakonskeya. ) a.pproximetikly in `?5 kilometres to the 1
West from 11oworossijsk.
The plant was built in the veer I9I2.
The geological structure represents an anticlinale composed by the
Urger Cretaceous rocks :limestones and marls interbedded with sandsto-
nes and shales.
'.h?e reserves of these rocks Pre enormous--.
The plant is situated nn the high roint of the mounts in, that all ogles
to exploit the layers -zrith oven quarries.
There are no forests around and the. rocks are covered only with thin
stratum of soil.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17 CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926A003100050012-1
The third plant is situated close to the town-port Tuapse about
10 Kilometers to the 13ast in the valley of Tuapsinka river and the
raw materials for it are the same Upper Cretaceous rocks,whieh are
rumpled into vertical isoclinal folds.
The reserves of these cement stones are enormous and the
------------------------------------------------
exploitation by means of ppen quarries (Carriers)does not represent
difficulties.
The product is of an exellent quality.
The plant is situated close to the railway that connects Fort Tuapse
with town Armawir, vrhich stands on the magistral railroad y-Caucasus .
Around port Tuapse and along the railway over Caucasian
Mountains till Ia-dyjinskeyoin the North direction there are spread
out great forests,which are objects of exploitation as construction
materials ( timber).
Among the trees on the North slope of Caucasus prevail oaks,then in
less quantities pines,beeches and other trees
On the South slope of Caucasus besides these above mentioned
kinds of trees grow walnut trees,chestnut trees and very precious kinds
of yew-trees.
The Highway along the Black See shore connects Trans-Cauc^sus (Batum,
Foty,Sukhum)with Tuapse and Noworossijsk.
Aside from the see-shore and high-way toward the mountains already in
2-3 Kilometres you fell into jungle overgrown by subtropical weeds.
n Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926A003100050012-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
These places are comparatively very poor populated and transec- m
ted with few reugh roads and sometimes only with pathways for
riding on horseback.
The railroad from Transcaucasian line (station Nowosenaki) that
was begun in 1916-17 years is finished (till Tuapse )only after
the II war with Germany and is mono-rail.
It is not steadfast enough and often breaks owing to permanent down
fall of rocks,especially during the rainperiod.
The masses of light limestones and marls of Upper Creta-
ceous System extend on the North and South slopes of Caucasus-
0
Range,but nwhere they are exploited as on the Black see shore,
although among them are rooks good and suitable for cement -
industry.
In Daghestan province and in the mountains,which are situated
not very far from Caspian Sea shore are developed likewise the
cement limestones and marls in the deposits of upper Cretaceous
system.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03
On the added map in scale I:1.000.000 or IO klm. In I cen-
timetre is shown the distribution of "flysh" series along the Black-Sea
eoast,that belongs to Upper Chalk deposits in the lower part of which
is lying a complex of cement silicious limestones and marls.
All the south mountainous area from Gelendshik towards the
south is covered with forest,as well as the sea coast itself,but the
northern parts so as of Gelendshik vicinities,or Novorossijsk and Anapa
represent themselves woodless spaces.
The coast highway joins the populated points of the sea-
coast, beginning from Anapa and Novorossijsk in the direction to the
south via Tuapse,Sotehi,Gagry,Suchum-Kale, Poty, Batum.
The double track railway connects naval port ]tovorossijsk
with Krasnodar,the main town of Kuban district.
Along the railway line from Novorossijsk to Krasnodar stretches out
the highway road.
The main part of town Novorossijsk is situated by the Zemess bay,on the
south side of it.
The cement plants and suburban of the town on the north part.
The Zemess bay is the oily one haven (harbour) on the north-east part
of Black-Sea coast, that is closed from the open sea and is
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926A003100050012-
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
n Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
deep and wide enough for the big trade and navy ships and fleet
(navy ships)
From port Tuapse the one line railway is going in the direction to
town Armavir and highway to town Yaikop,which is a center of oil in
dustry
Port Tuapse in southwards is connected by one line railway with at.
Nowo-Senaki (on the main railway line which connects Bacu-Tiflis-
Batum and belongs to Transcaucasian railroad.)
The railways are shown with black interrupted lane and
highways with lilac one.
The position of cement plants is shown with index
They are situated by at. Torrnelnaya,by iiovorossij sk,by Tuapse and
suppositionally by Gelendshik.
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
SeQencLji fc
39 j: 1.000.000 39,
if'III~kIll
41'~IIIIIIiI
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
 Ilk!AN"u~.F ;~' f~! i 6&SNr~1i1~~! d i~ N4' ~M fm:s ~~. Ws~ d !9:> ,~+^ 'I:. ~wIM3 HA~...; X434!7.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
The situation of town ioworossi3sk and Cement P .ants,__
complex equals 200-250 metres).
On this sketch is shown the Range IT a r k o t k h
(the summit is 694 metr.),nt the foot of which are situated the
C e m e n t p l a n t s and q u a r r i e s for exploi-
ta,tion of cement marls(the average thickness of the whole cement
The Tcemess (or Zemess) bay separates the cement plants
from ton Noworossijsk.
As it is shown on the sketch No I the beds of cement marls out-
crop on the surface in the low part of slope, immediate by the
Cement plants.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
Aalr"tK,kl~~tlj C,
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17
THE GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE O C J ,'NT LAY'IRS BY }TOWOROSSIJSK. - LT
developing a syncline 00 on that spot extends a depression of which
the sea takes
posession.
complicated picture and on the free hand sketch No I it is depicted
in a simplified view.
But in reality the Markotch Range presents an inverted syncline com-
posed by Upper Cretaceous "fl.ysh" and besides,this syncline is compli-
cated by a new folding.
On the south-west slope at the foot of the mountain ridge is develo-
ping a new overfold anticlinale in the core of which is coming out
the c e m e n t formation spread lengthwise over the whole south-
western slope.
Further,towards the south-west in the place of Zemess bay is
that
On the opposite shore,where is situated town Noworossijsk again takes
place an anticline elevation.
The free hand sketch No 2 (Cross-section) shows in the main
features the character of its geological structure,though in reality
it is much more complicated.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926A003100050012-1
The geological structure of Markotch Range represer s a rath*r
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
CWO w'oa,ass-;,tis K-
$tr-wdi.tre 4 Ike V~M-OfJ Lt
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17
Geological structure of station TOUi1ELNAYA (WWerchne-Bakanskaya)
/ Kuban district, North--Vest Caucasus).
Complex of cement beds takes part in the complicated folding,
that is demonstrated partly on the annexed droving.
The Anticline of Main Caucasian Range is situated towards northeast from 6
st.Tonnelnaya.
The outcropping beds of anticline core represent dark argillaceous shales
and sandstones of Laver Cretaceous.
This anticline is overturned to t7ie south as it is shown on the picture.
The light marls,sandstones and li:,Iestones of Upper Cretaceous compose the
syncline between the Anticline of -Iiain ta.nge and the next Anticline to
the south of at. Tonnelnaya,that :ias a name of the "Anticline of Great
Tunnel".
The cement plant of Ta?rinelnaya stands on a hill above the rail-
way Ma, i
tunnel and is situated on the anticline "Great Tunnel".
The layers of cement marls and limestones outcrop in these both tt Wli.
a.n ticlines,but are exploited only in the anticline of Great Tunnel 9where
MMI
0,
The scale of this sketch is I: 60.000,or 6000 rnetro in I centimeter.
its complex is repeated several tirnes,owing to the folding.
The t':,ic?--ness of beds of the cement si-r.ioious marls equals
in average 10-20 centi7eters and taickness of the ::hole cement complex
equals 250-300 T~`:eters,and the thickness of deposits of Upper chalk
stretches to 1000-2000 meters.
7,: 1'.. i.. 1 " dSr~~a JKAn ffi i `1 ''V "4~IP
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Coo v Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
 r
NAMmuffAtom
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
~?4ogticaf s"~ruc~a r~ 0~ ~on-n.e~n-aNa
fohne~l~a~a
~~ri?, i
11
N~I GL4YLG as t4ta L'-Pt
Q G
if E
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy
:', 4 Y iN. ~ .n?: I.; t ' ? . FN n~n `L N 4 M'.
pproved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926A003100050012-1
The B 1 o c ';.- d i a: g r r m of Cauc^sus Range between
Batalpashinsk and Telyrda.
-.'?-.-.-.-.-.-?-.-.-.-?....-.-.-r r .- ? .-r .._s-_?-.-r .- ?-.
On this diagram are s'iovm the places of LT a r b 1 e s situ-
ation,that are seen in natural exposures to the north of Teberda and
are designated with sign ,the fire-Drgcf clay close to Kras-
nogorsk are marked with the layers of alabaster are shown
with 00 ,and the places of coalexploitation are designated with
a sign :c' .
The highway over Kluhor pass (2766 metres) going along Teber-
da and Kuban ii.vers,oonnects Sv.chum-port with town Batalpashinsk,from
which the railway goes to the station Newinnomysk,that is situated on
the main Caucasian Railway -."agistral,which joins Rostow with r'Vl.adicaucas
town.
The region of Teberde is very rich in fine construction fo-
rests,particularly with beech s.nd pines. ( Timber forest)
The map of forest mey be presented if it would be needed.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
 Ci r Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
w~ caw Ailvor MwH rt' er'>t > >C~~ >C~~% ws `
//,r. c ctLp a-S,K n.s rC
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
 -Marble on the Te b e r d a River
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1 I
s
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
-,"M "IT N,
The layers of marble are situated on the right side of the valley
of Teberda. river,in several kilometers toward north. from the cure place
(kurort) Teberda.
The layers are exploited by means of open qu?rries. Marble is of
light-yellow colour and transacted with veins of calcite.
The heads of layers are more denudated and marble is more fragile than in
depth,where the quality of product augments with deepenig.
The thickness of layers is measured by 10-20 and more meters.
The geological structure of that place is very complicated and it
is impossible to expound it in short words.
Marbles are lying among the crystalline shists and mica gneiss whose age
is not determined and they are suppositionally refered to Algonkian(Pro-
terozoic).
Complex of these rocks stretches out farther toward southeast and
of beds
northeast following the strike along the northern slope of Caucasian
are seen
Range and outcropping marbleslin the values of all big rivere,that inter-
sect this slope (I,,uban,Zelentchuk,Urup,Laba rivers and oth.) in trans-
versal direction.
But owing to the bad state of roads the beds of marble are not everywhere
accessible for working as on the River Teberda..
 M 1,11
INIM
Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: C
t .9.':~ ..'d,kI 6
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926A003100050012-1
The fire proof clan .
The fire proof clay was found in the valley of Kuban river
close to the stanitza (settlement)Krasnogorsk (to the South of Batal
pashinak region)..
The fire proof clay forms layers among the grey sands with
coal remains and plants and represents grey plastic clay without cal
eium (not calcareous).
The thickness of layers is measured by some metres and varies on
the strike.
On the added sketch is illustrated the geological structure and si -
tuation of these clays.
The geological age of the whole complex refers to Kelloway-stage.
In the ground is lying basal conglomerate,which is resting on the
grey plastic clays with siderites ,that belong to Middle Jura sys-
tem. Higher in the section,above the basal conglomerate follow
grey sands with remnants of plants and layers of fireproof clay.
The more considerable layer of the same clays lies among the
sands and is covered by the similar sands as below.
Higher in the section overlaying them are beds of light grey lime-
stones,which form a constant complex on the north slope of Caucasus
that ref ers already to the Upper Jura (oxford' kimmeridg* )
All the beds dip to the north under an angle in average about 40
~ ~ rf. N' ti ~ 6 -0' u
j
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17 : CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
 3ptlry3 ~ I
n Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926A003100050012-1
The Layers Of Alabaster in North Caucasus.
The famous layers of Alabaster in North Caucasus are situated
in the basin of rivers Kuban,Zelench.uk,Urup,Laba that belong to Kuban
district and in the rivers 11ilka,Baxan and others of Terek district.
The layers of alabr,ster are deposited among the many coloured
clays (green,grey,red. violet )in form of great lenses and !stock's"
of several tenth metres thicknespor in form of beds interbedded with
white and grey dolomites containing gypsum and sulphur.
The geological structure is rnonoclinale and the angle of
0
inclination of beds is very small -4 in the direction to north-east.
The reserves of a 1 a b a s t e r are immense and spread out on a
great distance.
Alabaster represents a compact crystalline rock of white colour,rather
hard and completely clean-The dimension and thickness of alabaster-
layers is different and varies from several metres up to 25-50 metres.
The series of this rock refer to the upper part of Jurassic v
system (Titon)and has a great development on the North-Caucasus.
The western points and-places of alabaster layers are situated in
valleys of the north ranges of Caucasian Mountains towards the south
of Labinsk region (Laba,Urup rivers), Batalpashinsk region (Zelentchuk
river, Kuban river), Kislovodsk region (Bermarriyt Plato,Kitch-1+ alka Riv.),
TNaltchik region (Baxan river and others.)
one eastern points and pl..aces of the deve7 onment of Tit.on series
in the same kind of fades are situot.ed in Daghestan in the basin of
Svlak river where there are present` layers of a.l.bester among the red
and green clays and. dolomites ?rith gypsum and sulphur.
The working of alabaster is prndz?ced through the open raua.rries.
There are no difficulties in eloitation or in transportation.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926A003100050012-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
`U,pper L ra. (&i on
AID
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
 14 E, r I ,ilp, n-N9 3
1; Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17
The Jurassic limestones of Crimea.
111
CIA-RDP80-00926A003100050012-1
The Ridge of Crimea mountains faced to the Black-Sea is ''d
composed by Upper Jurassic dolomitic limestones sometimes porous,some
times massive among which there are many layers of stratified lime-
stones,good as construction materials that are utilized for building
on the Crimea coast.
These limestones spread out on the Crimea coast from Balak-
lava,where they compose the coastal cliffs up to Alupka and Jalta,where 00f14
they form the upper part of Crimea Ridge with vertical escarp (precipice
faced toward the sea.
This mass of limestones gives mighty downfalls,especially owing to
earthquakes.
+'or instance in the vicinity of Alupka they form chaotic piles of
immense pieces of limestones ("Stone Sea").
'From Ja.lta they descend from the ridge to Theodosia sea-shore and go
down into the depth.
This mass of limestones the thickness of which is measured
by hundreds of meters and that refers to Upper Jura is lyin?; with in-
clination towards north.
The Jurassic clay-shales and clays lay under it and along the seacoast
are outcropping the dark schistous clays forming folds,that are refered
to Permotriassic.
.1 MM' WSIV
The outcrops of Jurassic limestones extend along the south coast-of Cri- Yi1 .
mea within 150 kilometres. '"'
,pllm' pr II,
~NIIi~llut.. ~9.....W
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
ik/e eofo~ ilcr.lf gtwwctwre
of s 6re awc~ AtouftUL'YLs of- Cr ne a .
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926A003100050012-
CONSTRUCTION SHELL-LI1 STONES
The Odessa shell limestone
The town Odessa,port on the Black Sea shore, is built
from the white shell-limestones that are composed by the small sea
shells of Pelecypoda of l o w e r P 1 1 o c e n e (Pontian stage
The limestones are porous,but rather hard and form
layers. The content of q u a r t z is very small,or limestones are
nearly without it.
The quarries are situated around the Odessa town and
along the sea coast.
The beds lie almost horizontally.
The environs of town Odessa are deprived of any forest.
In the direction to the North and North-;"Vest from town and
port Sebastopol are situated the INK~`~A31 HEIGHTS, composed of =,pocene
nummulitique compact limestones,that are exploited with the open quar-
ries. The buildings of Sebastopol are constructed of this material,
that is so easy got and transported by the water.
:. " Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926A003100050012-1
Im-
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
KiL-TUII SILL - LI:ESTONE
The yellowish limestones composed by small shells axfd their
debris are developed particularly in the middle part of Kertch penin-
sula, in Crimea,where they form several ranges of latitudinal extension
(stretch).
On the side of one of these ranges,that is directed toward
the See is situated town Kertch,the buildings of which'are construc-
ted from these limestones. They are suitable for fashioning and are in
so much soft that can be very easily sawed when in humid state.
Besides the limestones an'e to be found in plains and vallies,
where they are spread out and exploited through the open quarries and
underground pits.
Great quantity of these pits is disposed to the North-West from town
IKertch (about 12 kilometres)
The beds of constructive limestone have a thickness from
0,5 up to 2 Metres and are interbedded with sande,clays and marls.
The geological age of this Kertch limestone is Upper +f i o c a n
of Tertiary System. Series of beds to which it belongs refer to
11a.eotian sta.ge,that lies between Sarmatian (below) and Pontian(above)
stages . All the middle part of 1,orth-East and South-Ea.st spaces of
Y.ertch Peninsula are occupied with these rocks.
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
1l e .eo1 o i,i A wc.'~i~s,~ o ~ ~c~ ~~ nct fr e .f1'! 1wio porn o-s c -
vows'~tiu, c't ' o'I' c k i t2 4-m eslcm es of d1 to coi i, i -t, i"t c~
9
&.IIIIr,. ,V E'gil
C~iILAYrits ~ILGf t t~S
`b fr I ~
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
Jn v~~h.ri t~4 Jt c! l vctdt VD w 1 ~. r
~O'4iA'l~ ~~ e 2 L CZ
I I
I
I I
I I
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17
The whole thickness of "aeotian Stage may be counted of 60 to 80 metr.
The geological structure has a form of large and wide syn-
clines,which are filled with these sediments,between great anticlines.
The pontian and maeotipn shell-limestones are developed
in the north-west part of Caucasus :On the Taman peninsula and on the
end of the Main Caucasus Range,especially to the south of Kuban river
on the northern slopes and branches of the mountains.
Many villages are constructed from these materials and many
quarries are there for the exploitation of these rocks,but the quali-
ty of them is not so goy?d,as in Odessa and Kertch.
These limestonis have a wide development,particularly in
the vicinities of Anapa, Krymskaya, Abinskaya, Kalushekaya.
The first sketch represents a cross-section through the
Kertch 1,1ulde (syncline) between the town Kertch and village Katerlez,
Where especially is developed the exploitation of these limestones
and are situated numerous quarries.
This sketch shows the geological structure and position of Kertch
limestones.
The another drewing-little map of scale 10 kl;:n in I centim.
or I:I.000.000 illustrates a development of Kertch construction lime-
stones on the Peninsula _ertch and in the West part of Kuban district.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
A ay of Yhni4t/sI/t/fa. CA/ilme/cO c l' } ~ eo e raL of X et,IcAv e o n st ,1 tiL C r o n Sh e C f '. i me s'Co-r-f. e s.
Idill I~ ii
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
 The c o n s t r u c t i o n shell- limestones
of STAWROPOL HEIGHTS.
The Mountains of Stawropol (Stawropol Heights) represent a
Highland (Plato) that is covered by the shell-limestones,whioh prese-
rve it from erosion.
Owing to these hard shell-limestone rocks the erosion,which took here
place could not level these mountains to hills,but divided them only
in separated table-formed heights
On one of these Heights is situated town Stawropol,all the houses of
which are made from this porous yellowish limestone-very suitable
building material.
The beds of limestone have an average thickness from I up to 2 meters
and can be very easy exploited through the open quarries.
The beds of limestones are interbedded with shell-sands, quartz sands
and light clays.
Underlying the limestone complex are sands with lyers of clay and
below them mighty series of clays interbedded with marls.
All these rocks belong to the Sarmatian stage (Upper Miocan)
and are lying almost horizontally with a very small angle of inclina-
tion to the North,from the Stawropol Height.
Gradually tkie beds of shell-limestone descend from the mountain toward
the plain.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved
Declassified in Part
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926A003100050012-1
 t k u
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
The villages situated to the North from Stavrropol have like the
town buildings of the same r_materia.l,or from the stratified marls
that interbed the clays under the sands.
The territory occupied with these Sarmatian limestones
has great dimensions of the tenths of kilometers and on these spa-
ces the quality and thickness of limestones changes several times.
C o n s t r u c t i o n s a n d s
The sands interbedding the shhell-limestones can not be utilized,
owing to their fine-grainity as an add-material by producing a con-
struction calcareous cement.
The building coarse-grained sands overlie the I upper limestone and
are seen in some places of Stawropol plateau near the surface.
They contain the bones of Manuals of the Maeotie stage (Upper iliocen)
The deposition of these sands is quite horizontal and the
visible thickness is measured from 2 to 4 metres.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
~he ~eve~npmen~ of ~'~QQQ~Q~mes~ones in- ~~awwvpo-~-,-~~a~eau, .
?:210.000.
_ 1 , ' ~ k \E Y p f~
ti
oltansi~orf `
> ?, , ~. ~, ,
w
gay
~
Statiaw
}j
11r
tt'COL
scn i.LeeYS]co~G'
..
~/+
rr
LCx-IQ
Q
,
,
; L `~ S
ti
-
t
r
Lw
L~ 4 y a
01,
F.
r
~ r w b ,.~
,/r
cc
pa,OloWf! .. ~
QQ
G`
-ffXZuxa;sx
0 r L y
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17
a water gathering area, but the slopes are woodless and the earth-
slides have a great development.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926A003100050012-1
The illustration of geological structure of STAOPOL
On the applyed drawing is demonstrated in a perspective geolo-
gical section one of the most northern plateau on the northeast slope,on
which is situated town Staw wopol.
There is very distinctly denoted the situation of 2 horizons
of constructing., shell limestones- I st the upper one and II -nd the lo-
wer divided by a horizon of fine-grained quartz-sands.
The stratified limestones are of yellow colour and partly crystallized.
They are disposed near to the surface and worked up by open quarries
without explosive applications.
The thickness of separate strata is equally from 0,5 to 2 metr.
Very often the hard limestones are interbedded with more friable lime-
stones and even shell-sand,which is composed of the shell-fragments of
sea mollusca of the upper Miocene age (Sarmatian stage).
Under the stratum II are lying arenaceous clays and argilla-
ceous sands and sandy clay: with gypsum.
Under these series lie the clays intercalated with beds of marls.
Town Stawropol is situated,as it can be seen on the drawing
on the above mentioned rocks and the II limestone forms a plain terrace on
the surface of which are distributed the main public places and squares.
The upper part of Stawropol Plateau is covered by forest and represents
 Of 5Ovtv~i/V/al
w. ~Oemolr-Alal~oit of I eotioji.ca1/ ~os~~~on. of caws~tiwc~~onsh?1~ C~m,~~otE
t t,a ; LU- S t.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
gtawrop%ot NNe, 1jkts
a'w rop o 'tourm
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
I4ifi0ENIIlL
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1
50X1-HUM
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100050012-1