A REVIEW OF THE WORLD LITERATURE ON THE CREEP OF METALS AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00926A003100040001-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 533
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 8, 2003
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: February 10, 1951
• Content Type: REPORT

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United States .1945
APPLICATION OF TIMOTM OF ABSOLUTE MACTION VELOCITIES TO CF EP OF METALS: Re.
)derv, Phys. V. 17# pp. 48-49, June, S. Dus n.
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United States 1945
CMF (F ETALS 0 James L. ]rickaon, Light Metal Age, 3 (1) PP. 22-23, 26-27.
A general diveoux?ae on the phenomena of creep. Theories put forward by
various Investigators are renewed and a bihliographu of 34 rc ferenCes is
appended.
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United States 1945
TJ;NSUE DDFOR!iATION, J. H. Hoil on, Trans. AV ?.,, Vol 162.
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'fited States 194
PROPERTIES OF 5016 BINARY" SOLID SOLUTIONS OF RRI'9, Charles R. Austin,
R. St. John and R. W. Lindsay, Metals Tech. V112, Aug. ?P. 1836, 22 pp.
Describes ' results of isolating one microstruotural phases, naiely ferrite,
and studying its creep characteristics in both the ur .lc d and alloyed conditions.
Ihie should aid in establishing to a large degree the importance of ferrite
in the creep behavior of steels consisting of the previously mentioned ferrite'
carbide aggregate.,
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United States 1945
CREEP PROPERTI]$ CF COLD DRAWN "MM MONEL AND =4N&, B. B. Betty, if. L.
Eiselatein, azx F. P. Uston, Jr. Trans. Amer. Inst. Min. let. Eng.
1& pp. 4a-452.
Creep data have been obtained for cold-drain and annealed Monel and Inconsi
at temperatures between 800? and 1100??. Inconel has approximately twice
the load--carrying capacity of Monel at any temperaturej, but Monell compares
favourably with many low alloy steels so Or at creep performance is concerned.
The tensile and Izod properties of the materials at troom est-piece temperature
suitable for
creep testing, are recorded and a type of round
these alloys is described.
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United States 1945
3 AND ALLOYS, V. 21, P. 766, March, H. Adenstedt.
Creep properties of aluninu-#.
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CTERIITIC8 OF A PHO&PHORIZED COPP, H. L. Burghoff and A. I. Blank,
. Inst. Min* Met. Eng. 161, pp. 42O--43$?
The creep characteristics of capper wire (0.O0O8% of phsophorus( as
an ealed to a grain size of 0.033 tea. and as dram to 84% reduction, are
reported fora temperature of 300?, 40(1? and 500?'. The creep-resistance of
the drawn wire decreases as recrystallization takes place.
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`nited States
L II STIGkTION OF A L FORCED DISK OF L(1-CAMN -155 ALIDS,
and I. G. Gross, National Advisory Committee for Aero utias
W-103* c. 1945 41 F.
The alloy container! 21.66% Cr, 19.40; Ni, 19.02% Co., 2.76% Mo, 1.90% W,
1.74; Mn.. O.79; Gb,. 0.37% Sip 0.15% C and 0.14% N2,, and was a tidied in the
hot forged and stress-relieved oondition by means of stress-rIpture and creep
taste for perioda up to 2000 hr. at 1200, 13502 and 1500?F. hoortr-time tensile
test, impact teat,, and time vs. total deformation characteristics.
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United States 1945
gnat I
APPLICATION Cl NON F RROiE l .;TALE AND ALLO IN STRBBS D SIGN, J. J. sister,
Trans. Asper. Inst. Mine Vat. Eng. 161 pp. 402-417,
The creep characteristics of non-ferrous n.tala are briefly summarized,
and a biblicgmphy and aeries of abstracts dealing with the topic are appended.
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states 1946
SUPER ALLO o MR I TR=H TE R TU SERVICE, Haro?j A. Knights Materials and
3 et~!ods, 23, pp. 1557-1563.
A gene ial eu rvey, including brief referee es to nickel, cobalt, are
chromium base alloys.
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United Statos 1945
TENSION "MS'S AT CONSTANT TRUE STRAIN RATES, C. W. Mftc3regor and J. C. Fisher,,
J. applied tech. 12, pp. A217-227-
Tension tests of the t!-i stress-strain type azr reported for which the
true strain rate is maintained constant throughout each test. Snvpral nEtals
(steel rut brans) are investigated under testing teMerature ranging from
--183*C to 665 4C. The influence of temperature and strain velocity on the
true stress-strain properties is described. A single variable called the
velocity-modified temperature is used to represent the combined influences
of true strain rate testing temperature.
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ted Stalex 1945
PRO TIES OF SOME CAST COPPER-BASE ALLf AT ELEVATED TEMPERA
..
Montgomery, Trans. Amer. Inst. Min. Met. Eng. 161? pp. 455.463.
. Be
A review of existing litamture on the high-temperature creep properties
of oast Copper base anoys.
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United States 1945
ON MEP OF N FERRAtTS No-MIS AND ALLOYS, H. L. Schumacher, and
ghoff, (presiding). AI)ME, Trans. 1945, V. 161 pp. 401-477.
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rated States 1945
CREEP P R O P E F T I s O rS R?-,L9) L FAD AGONY ALL{ ,, A. A. Smith, Jr. and
H. E. Fit e;, Trans. Am.er.. Inst. Min. Met s Eng. 161, pp 472'4+75.
Alloys of lead containing antimony, bismuth, and co peer were cast and
rolled to 0.1 in. thickness; 16 in. lengths of this material were then clamped
together and creep testa oonducbd on the apecimene at 30? and 104?C.
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Wted States 1945
A NOTE ON T1 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF AN AtS'lENITIC ,D METAL AND ITS STRUCTURAL
TRANSFORMATION ON STRAINING, K. Winterton, Welding Journal, V. 24, Nay, pp.
308X-310s.
tests at elevated temperatures c a n composite 18-8 weld-plate
tensile specimens,, showed thAt the tensile strengths yield strengths and
hardness declined with increased testing temperatures. Effect of prior heat
treatment at 8501?C. in causing increased tensile strengths and decreased
meld strength,, decreased with testing temperature and was not apparent above
1%"C. M :croscopic examination shoved a bregkdown of dendritic regions to a
light-etching alpha-constituent, and the formation of lines and blocks of a
tch tng alpha-constituent,, probably due to uneven straining.
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?d Mates 1945
r
METALS FOR EGU T RRATURE SERVICE Industrial Heating, V. 12, July pp. 1209-10,
3 4, 1230.
Ferrous metals for applications involving ressiet to high temperatures,
end creep o recovery and relaxation of oxygen-free copper.
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United States 1945
C P DISTANT ALLOT STEM, Iron Age,, V. 156, Aug. pp. 38-63
Behavior of alloy steels at prolonged elevated temperatures shows that the
addition of molybdenum to steel imparts high heat strength. Vanadium has a
similar reaction in steel alloys but to a lesser degree. Comparative effect
l
other alloying agents like chromium, nickel, manganese and 83-"Con on phy .ca
properties is also included.
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nited States 1945
Creep Data on P- -?Ca st Zine. Alloy, E. H. Kelton, aM B. D. t singer, Trays.
Amer . Inst. Min. Met. Eng. 161, pp. 466.44'71.
A test method involving the bending of a die-cast zinc alloy beau is des-
cribed. az d beam creep-test data at 250C and various stresses for a zinc die-
cast any are presented.
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n
d States 1945
N:I CHINES Ft t CI P AND CRS" RUPTURE TESTS, M. J. Nanjoina, Trans. Amer.
Soc.. Mech. Hhg* 67, pplll-116.
Two new creep-rupture machines am described. One, a lover-aria creW
shine, combines the eaompactztees of a multiple unit with the flexibility of
an individual one. Each of the eight speeinens in the machine is equipped with
an exte naometer which given the direct reading of the extension on a counter;
these counters are photographed periodically, The other machine loads the
men through a stiff spring and records a continuous creep-to-rupture curve
without the use of an extensom,eter on the epecizen. Occupying an area of
15x15 in., this latter machine has a capacity of 10 tons. It can also be used
for making short-tints tensile tests, constant-strain-rate tests, and relaxation
tests,
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Fngla nd 1945
E?FECT OF RL EL! BOMBARDMENT ON GLIDE IN METAL SINGLE CH!STAIS, E. Trade,
Nature,, 156, pp. 113-114.
Bombarding stressed single crystal wires of Cd with alpha ray$ from a
strong polonium source, deposited on the inside of a nickel cylinder 1 cm. long,
which is split longitudinally so that it can be made to surround the wire. The
alpha-particles, which penetrate about .005 mra, into the metal, cause
local disc uzance, but do not produce appreciable bulk heating.
at the axis of the wire does not exceed ,o3:?C.
When a wire is stressed .05% per min., bombardment with alpha-particles
causes the rate of flow to increase to several time the value which obtained
before the bombardment p 5 times in one particular case - although the wire Vas
bombarded over only one third of its length. The wire had been extended by
about 1% when the bombardment was initiated. In the case of another wire which
had been extended 2.6% of its length, and was increasing its length at a rate
of .21% per minute, bombardment increased the rate by about 3 times.
The greater the preliminary extension, the smaller the effect of alpha-
particles, until 12% of extension, no effect will be seen.
Glide on particular planes can be initiated by alpha-ray bombardment, and
hence that initiation of glide takes place from the surface. Once a particular
plane is active,, glide continues at a rate independent of the surface distrubance,
is ehonm by the fact that bombardment does not affect the rate after large
preliminary strain when, presumably, all suitable glide planes are in action.
The alpha-particle bombardment is,, then, a useful index to show whether glide
is taking place by the activation of new glide planes or is continuing on planes
aadyr in action.
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France 1945
A COMPARISON OF SO CARBON ST ElS ON THE BASIS OF VARIOUS CREEP LIMITS, A. R.
Johnson and R. J. Tapsell, Institution of Mechanical Engineers Proc. F. 153,
War nergency Issue No. 6, p. 169-179.
Report has been prepared with a view to determining 'whether any relation-
5hiP exists between the results of the various short-time and long-time creep
ate, 'which will permit the was of short-time tests, not merely as a means
ting good from bad steels, but also as the basis of design stresses
nded to give satisfactory performance of the steel over working periods of
considerable duration.
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1945
SOME t'G,I1!1F NG PPROPERTI OF NICKEL AND HIGH NICKEL
W. A. Mudge, Mech. Ing.r 67, (2), pp. 123-129.
B. Betty and
hteen high-nickel corrosion-resisting and heat-resisting alloys were
examined. All shoved good mechanical, properties, as evidenced by a high ratio
rength to ductility over a wide range of temperatures. Useful non-magnetic
properties of six of these alloys are summarised. The electrical resistivity
of most of the alloys is given, an the special use of to alloys for electical-
treating units is indicated.
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1945
CRS PROPERTIES CF STEELS UTILIZED IN HIGH PrE$9URE A HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPKR
HEATER AND STEAM PIPE PRACTICE. PART Ili 0.5% MOLTB13ENUM STEELS, M. J. Tapsen
and R. W. Ridley s, Institution of Mech. Engineers Proc. V. 153, War. Emergency
Issue No* 6, pp. 181.192.
Creep Properties of carbon nolybdenum steels in the form of a superheater
header, superheater tube, and Steam PtW pipe a nufactured for service at
to raWrea above about 450?C. Data for the eati ration of stress--teaperat
relatonships for from 0.1 to 0.5% creep in various periods up to 100,0000 hra.
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1940
THE "SET TEST' ELASTIC LICIT, A. C. Vivian, Harold G. Williams, M'et'allurgic
32 p. 152 ?
W. describes the feet test" method using the electron micrometer for evaluating
the material and heat-trestents for beryllium-copper precision springs, and
states that, no matter how low the stress, there is some sets although for very
tresses it may be beyond the sensitivity of the measuring instrument. For
such stresses tests are carried out at a load below the "set test" elastic limit
and a logarithmic drift or room-temperature creep curve is obtained over a
period of 100 hr. The rate of drift obtained is used to evaluate the stability
of the spring material in relation to the retention of calibration in instruments,
as when springs are deflected within the usual elastic limits there are three
elements in the subsequent strain, an elastic deflection, a permanent not not
recoverable, and a drift or creep with time under load that is recoverable.
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1945
port No.396
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ITALY 194
ALLOY (' ALT EINUM FOR THE FU RY AND PLA$ IC WORKI1+ (reN)
=inioj, 3.4 (9/12).s pp 76-90 (in Italian) .
P. describes the preparation, heat-treatment.. structural properties,
al properties (static and dynamic), and corrosion-resistance of a
Lute of L ght Metals, Novara, Italy. The alloy, called IAN, has the
chemical compositions copper 2-4, iron 0.5-1.8, silicon 0.4-2,
magnesium 0.2.1.2? titanium 0.025%, aluminum remainder, and is similar in most
respect to Duralite, having the additional advantage of containing no nickel.
Heat treatment gives it a fatigue resistance higher than that of Duralumin,
and it has a high heat-resistance. Anoido or chemical oxidation,, 'Mellowed by
varnishing, will protect it against corrosion. It is particularly useful for
the fabrication of automobile parts subject to heat.
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j~nwr s wr,..
.tterland 1945
'\ 04-VL-1
TCUUGHNESS OF METALS AT HIGH TEMRATURES (TIN CADMIUM AID AND
iegfried,. Schweiz Archix. 11, (11, 1945, 1-16 (2) 43-61).
Attempt to correlate brittle behavior with some other mechanical property
and shape of notch. Data on TinxCadmium,
. Creep tests with both #moth and notched specimens of steel, attempt
to correlate with Tin-Cadmium. Apparently metallurgical factors rr ecluded good
correlation.
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i MW CF CR STALLINE BOD 5 CNER THE ACTION OF SURFACE TEMX
J. Physics , 9, pp 385-391 (In Foglish),0
It is suggested that the viscous flow usually attributed to amorphous bodies,,
which occurs by the motion of a small number of holes or cavities, may also
take place in crystalline substances. In the letter east flow would proceed
by the diffusion under stress of vacant sites of the crystal lattice. This
is distinct from p3astio deform tion. The conception is developed
Ltically, and applied to the rate of welding of crystalline powders, a
temperatures below their malting points, into a crystalline body. The
development of crystal faces on the surface of a spherically ground single
rystal is also discussed from the same point of view, the common factor in
each case being the reduction in surface energy caused by the change.
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Ruaeia 1945
THE R:I TXON OF TIE SHAPES OF THE CURVES OF STATIC AND IMPACT STRENGTHS TO
aO-CH fAL PROCESSES IN ALL015* L. M. revzec', Izveet. Akdd. Natzk SSSR
2--218, C. Abs. (1946) 40 2429. (in aian.-
A di8eussion of the mechanical properties of alloy in relation to their
chemical oampoeition, co itiew of thermal treatment, and the effect of cold
and hod deform tion.
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1945
T HS 3CIRNIC&L PROPhRTIES CP COPPER AT HIGH TEMPERATURES, Bobylev. A.A. and
chipizhsnko, Tsvet. MetaUy,, (3) pp. 62-65 ( in 'RussUm).
Annealed wines, 6 mm. in dia., were tested at three rags of extension
(1, 2 and 30= /min.) at temp. from 2CPC to ?C. With increase in the rate
Of extension, the strength and plasticity of copper become greater. The
deleterious affect of the. ambient atmosphere in acnt ected with its action on
the grain boundaries, which results in the formation of intercrystalline cracks
and leads to a sharp decrease in plasticity.
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1945
:?G MACHI iS OF T1 TsNIITMASh TYPE, I. VK Kvdryavtsev, Zavod. Lab.
U pp. 209-234, (In Russian).
New machinee f cr the tensile testing of metals as described.
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es 1946
PLASTIC FLAW OF META NJ. R. RoISomon and J. D. Lubahn; Physical Review, V. 70,
No.9 p. 7'75*
general relation connects all the variables of plastic flow;
C D, E, and F are constants of the material;9 , E and T
strain, strain rate and temperature respectively.
This equation can be rewritten in logarithmic fate
-41 o- - - 1, C - -44- E -7--4
N
by comparing it to the relation between strain rate and temperature; the equation
Is Q - -T1n "`;.!~ where l yin a function of stress and strain, and R is the
gas constant. Q should vary linearly with the logarithm of the stress. This
relation differs fundamentally from those of aver, Kauzaann, and Dushman.
The relations in which the logarithm of the stress varies directly with the
temperature, are confirmed by replotting data obtained by Redai and wine.
The equation has important applications in the problem of creep and in the
theory of plastic flow.
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united Staten 1946
7. t-k
TIE MEC!I4I L EQUATION OF STATE, J. H. Hollomon, Male. Tech J., No. 6 A
Inst. 3frtals. D1'v, Teeeh. Publ. No. 2034 9pp.
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 +.s
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tatea 1946
NCZPX)) TEbPERA FOR TIC PLASTIC PLOW OF METAL{~S_Y, C. W. MacGregor
Fisherl Jour, of Applied Mechanics, V. 1.3, No. 1, Mar^e p. A-11.
Based on the vork of EyArig and others relating to the creep problem, a
v`elooity-modified temperature is developed for representing by means of a single
variable the combined effects of strain rate and temperature on the stress
remotion in a tension specimen. Available data are analyzed, indicating that
the velocity-modified temperature is equally applicable to the tension tests
conducted at both slow and rapid rates and to the a reap test. The data also
indicate that the stress reactions,, corresponding to tests at very slow and very
rapid rates of deformation, be found from tension tests at moderate strain
rates an 4prt priately raised or lowered temperatures.
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 M
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States 1946
PIASTIC FLOW, CM P AND SASS RELAXATION - I PLASTIC TUM, II CREIP, III
CI P AND ELASTIC AFTER-X T, Charles Mack; Jour Appljwd Physics, V. 17?
No. 12, pp. 1086.11+07.
Plastic Flow - Plastic substances are considered to be composed of
units of flaw iith~various yield values. Using Burger's model as a basis,
b
gives the stress as a povsr function of the strain rateor 3/9 W(
)
s
in which b is a constant, So and V are constants with dimensions of stress S
and strain rate P. This equation applicable to systems in which the structural
elements rein in a high degree of disorder. Ina terns possess ng a high
state of order under stress, the equation exp (S/SO . exp (V/va)appears to
be applicable.
II. Creep - Creep is defined as a mechanism of deformation for systems
which have a curvilinear relationship between stress and strain rate, and
a curvilinear relationship between strain and time at constant stress.
The relaxation of stress at constant strain is discussed. It is shown
that the stress relaxation depends upon the history of the substance under
test. Thixotropy is work-softening.
II. Creep and Elastic After-Effect -- The elastic after-effect is the
phenomenon in which deformations recover, as a function of time, on unloading.
The relation between strain and time in such sye terns, and the process of stress
relaxation at constant strain are diq cussed. Equations given in connection with
plastic flow, creep due to work-*hardening, thixotropy, and creep in combination
with elastic after-affects, are applicable to metals,, clay soil, food products,
acrylic acid pclymertdee, polyvinyl chloride, cellulose acetate, manila ropes,
paper laminates, phenolic molding compounds, rubber, asphalt and bituminous
parents.
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146
QU;NMIU"M ~~ tT THE METAIS BY DISLOCATION AND
dory tkea~i.tte% e PROCESS
TiI1~, A. S. owiek and E.
Aere utics,r Report No. 845,, 10 pps.
on for the steady-slate rate of creep is der ,ved by applying
r
~ of dislocations to the creep of pure metals, he form of this
~.... _.~..._
equation is in agreement with empirical equations describing creep rates.
The theory was also used to predict the dependence of steadgr-etate rate of
creep on physical constants. Good agreement with literature data for pure
nnea' .ed metals was obtained.
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kited States 1946
DEFCRMAILON IN T ETON TO RIY90 PR SSURE AND TE1 kATURE, P. O. Nutting,
Jour. Prenklin Inst., V242, No. 6, pp. 449-4:8.
Generali zed linear logarithmic relations between deformation, temperature
and. pressure are derived from the equatins defining compressibility and thermal
expaasivity? and are shown to apply to the three stages of deformation. Oibb's
therm dynamic potential is shown to lead directly to a simple and exact expression
for the energy of deforzration within any one phase. Thermodynamic relations
governing elastic and viscous behavior are developed for both single and multiple
phase materials. The equations are checked against experimental data can steel
tape, which includes t rmal and relaxation observations.
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 ~Wo
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United States
1946
R JPTURE ty-a RACTERISTICS OF VARIOUS STEELS, IN STEAM AT 1200?F', J. T. agrmw,
. !!awkinft, and H. L. Solberg; Trans. ASME, V. 68, p. 309.
ecie s made from lour-carbon, carbonmoly, 2-1/4 Cr- 1 Nom
i
e sp
.
small *ene
18 Cr-8 Ni. 25 Cr-20 Ni, and 5 Cr-Mo-Ti steels
-U-'q4
12 Cr
C
,
r
9
#
were placed in a steam reaction chamber at 1200?F and stressed in tension for
periods of t ranging from 10 hr* to 7700 hr. &ta were taken on time to
rupture, elongation, redaction in area, depth of scale layer; type
study was m
of flciw, an type and angle of fracture. A photcsaicrograp r
of the rupture specimens. The straight-line relationship between stress and
time to rupture on log-log co-ordinates postulated by White, Clark and Wilson
for tests in air also holds for steam tests.
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 Approved Fern Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100040001-4
United States 1946
SUPER-ALLOTS FOR HIGH TEMPERAT?1RE SERVICE IN GAS TURBINES AND JET ENGINES -
A BMOSIUM, P. Badger, if. Cross, C. Evans, Jr., R. pranks, R. Johnson, N.
Moohel, and G. Mohling Metal Progress, V. 50, No. 1, July, pp. 97-122?
This is a report of a round table discussion on the materials for gas
turbines and jet engines. The compositions, the operating characteristics, and
the metallurgical aspects are thoroughly discussed. Many improved super-alloys
for high temperature service are listed. Data are tabulated on the results of
creep, stress-rupture and short time tensile tests] materials tested include
both the forged and the cyst alloys, and are of the cobalt-chrome type, and of
the iron base type. Test temperatures ranged up to 2QO0?F? The cobalt chrome
alloys have the better short time prope r"ties, while the iron base alloys are
generally better ibr longer service. Data on the fatigue props rties are included.
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states 1946
IOH-TEMPERATURE ALLOYS USED ON GREET 00 TURBINE DESIGNS,
. sad*r, Jr. # and R. 0. Sweeny,, Jr. SMosix on Materials for Gas Turbines
Amer* 'Soo* for Testing Mat.) p. 99.12, die. p. 121-125.
. The two high-temperature a.1l.oys most widely used during World War II wet
not developed as a result of the war program, but were available at the beginning
of the war. These two alloys - one nic el-base and the other cobalt-base -
used, with only slight modification, in equipment actually sled during the
war. The developomt of these alloys, one wrought and one cast and their
successful fabrication by forging and by precision Casting.
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 w
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1946
HIGH TEVERATR SERVICE, PART L, W. a. SSderp iron Age, T. 158,
Nov. vp. 452,
atione of msta1e and methods of evaluating Alloys for higteera-
, comparing prmar alloys with those more recently developed. A
is also made of the effeota of v+ari+ alleging eler in enhancing
temperature properties.
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 Approved Fd?Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100040001-4
'OR HIGH T ERAS SERVICE, PART II, W. 0. der, Iron Age, Y. 159,
F, p. 92-9:
Effects of strain hardening, heat treatumt, and 1n .tze control, in
eking desirable qualities of the various mopes Of alloysfoor for high-teemae tvxe
service are reviewed, anpported by quantitative test data.
Importance of characteristics such as fatigue endurance, damping eapaci ty and
ldab lity in determining the suitability of the alleys for use at elevated
tet eratures.
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ates 1946
COBALT BAST HIGH T ;MPERA ALL XSs L. 3. Browne (Steel, 118 (21) 88-91,1.32.
Compositions of cobalt-base alloys are given together with tables of thermal-
ion coefficient, age-hardening data, endurance propertiee,o short-time
tensile propertess creep-test data, and average stress-rupture data. Casting
methods and app1it Lion are briefly outlined.
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United States 19
MQUIRE2M SIX= FOR HIGH TEMPERILTUM $ERRVIC8, Claude L. Clark, Metal
Progress$ r. 50, Nov. P. 897.403.
Describes the present situation regards a series of chrmlium stools
aonfiaining from 5 to 9% chromium. ftaluation of high-temperature strength
on basis of either rupture or creep strenat l if application is one in which
temperature rises continuously during operation, rupture strength is most
stable basis. if temperature is constant then creep characteristics serve best.
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0-?1.,f.
mited states 1946
vf,, At. t,. %
ALL= AND CEPAMIC MkrERIALg FOR HIGH TMWERATME SERVICE, H. C. Cross, Symposiums
Materials for Gas Turbines (Amer. Boo. Testing Nat.) p. 113-120.
Progress r sport and an outline of the program for future work for the
Office of Research and Xuventicngt U. S. Navy Dept. at Battelle Memorial Institute.
EnginserAM properties of hiat-resisting allo t chromium-base alloy; funda-
tore pramottng high-temperature strength of afoym; causes of cracking
melds and ad jaoent parent metal.; ueldabilitr of beat -resisting aiioys j and
fundamental. oWdLes of ceramic materials.
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~Fy ~ P A
Vh ted States 1946 C 4,11
HEAT RESISTING T&IS ?C US-TRUJRINR PARTS, Howard C. Cross and Ward F. Simmons,
8 posium or, materials for Gas Turbines (American 8ocisty for Testing Materials)
p,, 3-$1x discussion p, 121-128.
Results of high temperature tests onwrioua heat resisting allays. The
materials studied ranged from odifisd 18%-Cr, 8%-Ni steels to practically iron-
free Co-Cr and Comer-Ai alloys with additions singly or in aombin Lion of M0,
W, , Ta, Ti, Al, 8, and R2. hort-time tension tests tests were msde
precision-cast, Co-base alloys at 1000 to 1600 F.
at :4500, 1600, anti 2 ?F for times varying f a loo to 1000 hr. Creep tests
ire made at 1350, 1500, and 160eF to determine the stresses required to
produce creep rates of 0.00001% jar hr.
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 Approved F-Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-009i6A003100040001-4
Cited States 1946
ki=i1t RLEW IN RUT RESISTING ME M, Ibrbert bkin, Steel,,,
.9x: oat. 28 p. 78??79, L06, IU51 U.
dWJIental$ of the st-taU Y of heat resisting aUot$;
tl iRu
I
m;3= M
xpla SOW
dia sign based on wrought 18.8 chromiwm-nickel stainless steel ct onS b *
d he of ct
,ilQy oonte .t of 1 8 &n
alloy additions. Such modfftOatioUB are the basis for the development
wartiuo superallO7$.
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 Approved For "ease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926Ap03100040001-4
-VwAk 0/
tea 1946
RTIEB AFFECTTN } THE FUMBILITI' CP ALUMINtJ* ALLOY SHEET AT ELVATED
A. E. 1lanigan, L. F. Tedeen, and J. E. Dorn, Jour. Aeronaut.
, V. 13, Sept. pp. 457-468
Fifteen aaluminmm-alloy sheet niterials were tested at elevated temperatures
order to determine the influence of their tensile properties on their formabili
ad-extension data were obtained for each condition; the effects of temperatures
ate, and exposure time were studied. It was concluded that:
appreciable increase in the elongation at high temperatures suggests
rming operations may be facilitated at such temperatures.
A general decrease in the limit of unifam elongation takes place at
ratuee.
3) A fifty-fold change in the strain rate has an appreciable effect at
elevated temperatures, even though an increase in temperature is equivalent to
a deofease in strain rate.
4) For temperatures up to at least 430??s the time at temperature is.
relatively unimportant for times ranging between 5 and 20 minutes, in the case
of materials subject to precipitation hardening.
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United States 1946
STRESS RUPTURE AND CREEP TESTS ON ALU161N1 t ALlOT STET AT ELEVATED TEERkTURES,
A. E. Flanigan, L. F. Tedsen and J. E. Dornf Meta3s Technology, V. 13, No. 6,
Sept. 32 pp. also AIMS TP No. 2033.
Stress-rupture and creep testa were run on five high strength aluminum
alloy sheet materials at temprtures from 94?F to 375?+ Fracture times ranged
from. several minutes to 1000 hours. Data were obtained on fracture times,
elongation at fracture, creep rate and creep intercept] complete strain versus
time curves were obtained.
On the basis of rupture stress alone 758-T ranks first for temperatures
, while for temperatures above 231?F, 24S-*T863, 243-T813, and 24S-4
11?F
,
rank higher. At temperatures above 1506F, rupture stresses are generally lover
than yield stress values of comparable short-time tensile tests. Similarly
the elongation at fracture in stress rupture tests is less than that obtained
in short-xtix tensile tests. Therefore, caution should be exercised in the
f tensile properties at the higher temperature.
The stress rupture, fractures are either perpendicular to the specimen axis,
or inclined at an angle of 60?. The former is true for all specimens (except
756-?) at high temperatures,, the latter for all specimens (except 758-T) at
low temperatures. For ''758-T the reverse is true.
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 Approved For.Aelease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-0092654003100040001-4
1946
AN ADTCCRA P YC BETHOD FOR OBTAINING LOU EXTENSION MCORDS OF HIGH SPEED TE I Z
'STS ON SHEET SPECTi, 2NS AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES, Alan. E. Flanigan. L. F, Tedsen
J. E. Dorn, and H. R. Kaiser; Jour. Aero Science, V. 13, Lug. pp. 405-410.
apparatus has been developed for obtaining load extension records of
tensile tests on sheet spa oimens at elevated temperatures. It has been used
successf l1 at temperatures up to9O T and at strain rates as high as 1 per sec.
Difficulties are encountered, however, in deterstining the load at fracture.
Typical results are shown to illustrate the effects of testing temperatures
and strain rate on the load extension curves for XB75S-O Al-clad sheet.
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 Approved Fo .Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00924AO03100040001-4
United States 1946
PROPERTIES C AitUMMIN &LO SHEET AT 2YATED *EtNFS9c1lkTURES, A. 11,ani ,
ldsen and J. g. Dorn, Prot3. AS . V. 46, pp. 9"69. Also Symposium on
vials fcr Oas ' bi sess, ASTMr pp. 161-179.
This report includes a detailed description of the special testing apparatus
compression tests on aluminum Mesta at temperatures up to.
as the results obtained from these tests. Specimens of 24S-.t,
24S-S6, R30-T and 753-T were tested after being exposed to the elevated testing
temperatures for periods ranging from 1/2 to 1000 hours) the 0. pffset compressive
yield strength, the modulus of elasticity in compression, and the tangent modulus
were determined for each specimen. Prom oomparisicna of the effects of time and
temperature on the tensile and compressive yield strengths, the authors found
that the compressive yield strengths are closely related to and can be calculated
e tensile yield strengths.
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Vaited States 19
TE PATURE ALLOYS DEVELOPED FOR AIR=n TUR$ ERCHRRU. RS AND GAS
'. L. Tres n, R. N. Re molds and A. A. Wbite, $ympas am on Materials
as ~binees (A tr. Boo* for Testing Materials) p. 52-.79.
Alloys developed during work for the O& at the University
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 Approved ForQplease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926/4803100040001-4
s 1946
CRUP f?" '.B ON SO3& E& UM LEAD AND IZ&D-ALLOY SEPFS AM TAP 0. R. Gohn,
5. M. Arnold, and S. M. Bouton, Amer. goo. for Testing materials, froceedin a.
v. 46, p. 990-1020.
Oreep test cover a period of approximately g yr. on specimens from 16
csc eroial l.,ad cable sleeves of 6 different compositions and from 14 experimental
Fb.&noy tapes. The data shoe tha chemical lead sleeves are more resistant to
creep than Pb-Sn or Pb-Sb sleeves at low stresses but not at high stresses. Tor
the tape specimens, a e4mi3r relationship was found except that high Ca e11o71
are superior to chemical lead in creep resistance at all stresses. Highpurity,
fire-refined leads which contains smaller percentages of minor constituents than
chemical lead, was inferior to chemical lead at all stresses. 13 ref.
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 Approved For Rsabease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AQ 3100040001-4
United States
1946
' RA ALLOTS, M. J. Grant; Iron Age, V. 157, May 23, 1946, pp. 42-45,
May 30,, 1946,, pp. 50-56 - June 30, 1946, pp. 60-63-
Mw purpose of this research is the development of superior alloys for
performance in gas turbines at about 150 0?! and the study of the effect of
nitrogen, carbon, tantalum and columbium on certain nickel-ehrom um-cobalt-
iron base complex alloys. Additional tests were made at 1600?y. Studies of
the surface polishing of specimens, of the temperature of investment molds, and
finally of the high carbon vitallium type alloys are also included. 37 alloys
were tested in the forged and heat treated condition. Their composition as well
as the result of rupture and creep tests at 15000 are tabulated. The composition
of 80 1 Cr-Co-Fe base cast alloys and of 37 vit*lliu* base cast alloys as well
as the result of rupture and creep tests at 1500? and 1600?F at various stress"
are ala, tabulated. Many alloys were found to be nonforgeable. Extensive
nsetallographic and x-ray examination of all the alloys was made for various
treatments. Mold preheat temperature was investigated to determine the optimum
preheat temperature for the best all-around alloy performance. High temperature
failure and strength and ductility comparisons among the alloys are also presented.
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 Approved For Re'Wase 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AOW100040001-4
1946
SUPE , M FOR HIGH T ERATUTS SERVI , Harold A. Knights,
y. 23, p..1557-1563.
Seat resistant materials developed for gas turbines and r elated uses.
so is a table of high-temperature alloys.
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 Approved For RJease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A083100040001-4
s 1946
PROPERTIES OF GUN-CONTAINING MA0H IUM ALL ? AT Rai AND ELEVATKD TEMP RATUBES,
T. E. Leontis and. J. P. Murphy, eta1e Technol. 13 (3) and AI4tE Tech. Publ.
No. 1995 32 pp.
The properties of magnesium-cerium alloys containing up to 10% cerium were
emudned at temperatures up to 700?F (371?0); . the cerium was added in the form
of tfmisch metal" and thus contained a large ppreentage of lanthanum and other
rare earths Mich were included in the term cerium content. In general, the
magnesium-cerium alloys retain much of their strength at elevated temperatures
(400?F) and exhibit high resistance to creep over a wide range of temperatures.
These properties are somewaht improved by additions of manganese and if the
manganese content exceeds 1.1% the corrosion-resistance (in 3% aqueous sodian
chloride) is greatly increased. Additions of aluminum tend to decrease the
strength at high temperatures, but increase the ductility and electrical
conductivity. Microstructures are reproduced and details given of creep testa,
tensile tests, hardness tests, and measurements of the electrical and thermal
conductivities.
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 Approved Forpelease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-0092SAc003100040001-4
United Mates 1946
INTLUE 'CE OF STRATN RATE AND TEMPEPATUR ON THE MEOW LAICAL PROPERTIE3 OF
MO NM METAL AND COPPER, D. J. T A , ?. W. Gail, D. II. Woodard, Proc. ASTM
V. 46 p 902..
This paper discusses the relation between creep rates temperature, flew
stress, breaking stress, and ductility, and then presents a general view of the
influence of the strain and temperatures to the mechanical properties of tonal
metal and oxygen-free copper between -18g?'C and the melting points.
The third stages of creep may be initiated by the formation of microcracke,
predominantly intercrystalline. Evidence indicated that the lowered ductility
resulted fran the combined affects of the higher temperatures and the slower
strain rates in the creep teats.
Cracking occurs when the rising true stress reaches a technical cohesion
limit determined by the temperatures strain rate,. and amount of plastic
deformation. Progressive disintegration thus begins and continues to complete
fracture. Photomicrographs show that the cracks are fewer but generally larger
in the copper than in the monel metal. The number of cracks tends to increase
with increase in the temperature and with decrease in the strain rate. Local
contraction appears when test is carried at the highest strain rate, but
disappeared with decrease in the strain rate. The tendency to local contraction
was greater with the copper than with monel metal. In specimens that contract
loca1i' before feactures the number of cracks tends to increase in the noted
portion with approach to the surface of complete rupture.
Both the second-stage flow stress and the cohesion limit increase with
decrease in temperature azd with increase in the strain rate. Decrease in
temperature or increase in strain rate increases the cohesion limit to a greater
extent than the flow stress; the ductility thus increases. The accelerated
increase in the ductility with increases in the strain rate my not continue
pp to a high rate of strain. The ductility for complete fracture of both
zonal metal and copper also increases at an increasing rate with increase
in the initial breaking stress.
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0"
Cates 1946
TENSILE AND CREEP STRENGM (II~' SOME MAGNESIUM-BAS ALI YZS AT E ,EVATED T TITRE,
A. A. Moores and J. 0. *Donald, Proc. A?S.T.M., V. 46, pp. 970-989? Also
Symposium on Materials for Gas Turbines, A,5.T.%.,. pp. 180-199.
The results of creep tests at temperatures up to 300?F and up to 1000
hours duration on 1.) several co ercial magnest -'terse 811078 (all of which
were relatively stable 'within the range of teat temperatures) and on 2) certain
experimental cerivsr-containing alloys are offered as a b asis for qualitative and
comparative use in design. The report data include alloy designations, nominal
compositions, typical room temperature properties, tensile properties s ate elevated
temperatures, and creep properties at elevated temperatures. The teauth. found
no loss of ductility at rupture after 1000 hours for the alloys By
comparing yield and tensile strength mith creep properties (as listed in
Table VI of the report) a suitable stress for high iemperat%are service can be
obtained.
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United States 1946
PRO R AND CH CTEMXC8 (T 27% CHRUKM IRON, H. D. Newell, Metal
prise, v. 49, May# p? 977-991, 993-1006, 1016, 1018, 1420, 1024, 1028.
Studies originally intended for manufacturers of raw material for synthetic
rubber. Description of the ally r; properties at elevated temperatures; shot -t
tensile properties; creep strength of stainless steel, type ; impact
properties and notch sensitivity; effect of depth of notch on impact strength;
structural obaracterieticej em rittlemant phenomena; working amd fabricating;
effect of time # Ad temperature in removing 885?F embrittlee$ent in 25% chromium
irons; heat treat (annealing); service examinations and data; oxidation rate
ine per 1000 hr.) of various alloys after plant exposure in butadiene reactors;
chemical composition versus hardness and amount of sigma constituent in 27%
ohromi-iron tubes after plant service.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AQ23100040001-4
United States 1946
^tt%
+t t'IUM-B, AIL 6? Robert M. Parka and Frederick P. Bens, 3yuposium on Materials
for Gas Turbines (Amer. 8odde for Testing Materials) p. 80-98. Die. p. L2 -.U8.
Results of an investigation of Or-bass alloys sponsored by the War Met llurgy
ow of the N,D.R.C. at limax Molybdenum Co. Neat resistant metals being
sought were for use as as-turbine blades rotating in an ox disin *tmosphere
w t peratures up to 160(r?. The alloys were also applied experimentally as
erosion resistant materials for ordnance uses.
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 Approved For Relmwe 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AOM00040001-4
AT THE HEAT, Fred P. Peters, Scientific AMOrican, v. 174 April p. 152-154.
alloys, and some old standbys from other fields, are key material
of turbosupa rohargere, gas turbines, and jet engines. Their compositions and
which they wezre formed are now revealed.
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United States 1946
CTION AND P ASTIC IMENSION Or ZINC SINGLE CR`iSTALB, Thomas A. Read
P. T. Tyndall.; Jour. Applied Physics. V. 17,; No. 9, pp. '713-720.
is are given on the internal friction of tomr single crystals of zinc
made to oscillate longitudinally. A description of various slow speed tension
tests within and beyond the elastic limit is included; the results of such
tests are given. 'fie single crystals are made of "Bunker Hill" zinc containing
,bout 0.01% impurities. The results are compared with those obtained with
till purer crystals prepared by another method. The decrement is higher at
the lowest stress amplitudes, but in comparison to that of the purer metal.,
it increases very slowly with increasinE strew-amplitude.
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 Approved For lease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A&03100040001-4
United States 1946
PRECISION CAST PARTS OF HIGH TEVERATURE ALIYOXS, W. 0. Spree
V. 17, pp. 1.1'126.
i'oduct Engineering
Physioel and mechanical properties, creep data and chemical composition of
five RVnes-8tellite, alloyw. Design data are given dealing with tolerances on
dim nsiors? weight and dimensional limitations on sizes of precision-cast puts
and types of parts generally suited for manufacture by precision casting methods.
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 Approved For Reuse 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A0Q3100040001-4
States 1946
THE EFFECT OF CARBIDE SPHEROIDIZATION UPON TEM RUPTMIE STRENGTH AND ELONGATION
OF AREOIs MOLYBDENUM STEEL, S. H. Weaver; Proc. A.S.T.Y., V. 46, pp. 856-969.
figh temperature service v.U cause spheroidiaation of the carbide particles
in steel, thus changing the properties of the material. Specimens of carbon-
molybdenum steel plate were treated no as to obtain 12 different structures
of the steel, representing "conditions" which might result from high temperature
service The results of long-time rupture-stress and elongation tests on the
various structure are reported and interpreted for runs at 9130?? and 100O??.
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 Approved For&Iease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A@03100040001-4
1946
BIGR TI NGTR }$GH'TI dPER*,TUR1 ALWT 5-816, Thomas 1. Wilson, Materials & Methods,
V. 24 Oct. pp. 8B5-8890.
JLgh strength at 1500?F reeistanoe to burned l gases, and ease of fabrica-
tion are among the favorable characteristics of this cobalt-base alloy (44%)
containing 20% chx'omi vm,. 20% nickel, 4% molybdenum, 4% tungsten, 4% columbium,,
1#5% max. manganese, 1.0 6 max. silicon, 0.40% carbon and4% max. iron.
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 Approved For Rase 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A803100040001-4
I`taRCv -.~
,?iiAT ISIS`, i N G MITAW FCR L`NG . R. .R. W
nk1eb aek JL*+-x' 4.4-
a
.
and
iatio
ba i design and development engineers can expect of alloye fin' high taa
-
p
'ni
k
c
er-asron raobalhr ohroini m, ohro pia .n1eke1m.oo ,t and ohro tm
laboratories and companies in which materia28 were made and tests carried out.
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 Approved For ReJaase 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AGW100040001-4
.ALLOYS, WROUGHT AND MST$ Machine Design.. V. 1
Nov. P. 155-158.
s; physical o wtants; characteristics; applicatione; fabrication
to corrosion; annealing.
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 Approved Forl lease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-0092614903100040001-4
states 1946
HIGH INANE
and Steel, V. 19, April, p. 159-160-
Sow rtime results of German jet engim research". Compositions
and properties of five steels used for gas turbine blading.
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United 8tatee 1946
AT ISTING STEM, iron and Steel,, v. 1,9? July p. 433-43.
1? ! v+ 4.r.:
rtorteanoee and pbcysicel properties of the German Krupp steels Tinidur and
Cromadur are detailed, and are ahowst in tables. Analyses of other steels deweiopod
in order to overame, the scarcity alf pertain #1ems to are given, together with
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c A' kk
States 1946
&R' ;l HIGH TWVATURZ ALLDYS NOW AVAIPLL POR PRAC 3 tI
v. 52, .g, p, 183-Ri8?..
Several Hama 8tellite alloys have been developed during the war that
peacetime appl.oationes in fields calling for high temperature creep
tare strengths,
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1946
PROPERTI&S OF 3M= FOR HIOR TWERAT RE SERVICE, Material and Methods,
v.:, Mar. p. 79, 7'1.
composition and room temperatures physical propert
i eft of
R
id In high temperature serviced Table II gives variation in
3 properties with temperature for steels listed in Table I.
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hitsd States
CRP5TNGTH OFS
on and Gae Job., V. 45, Nov. 9, p. 103.
slams creep of 16 alloy steel. in approximate r
e 90
to 14000F.
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United States 1946
WAT AND CORROSION RESISTANT HIGH T TATUBE
September, pp. 151, 153, 155, 157.
Product Engineering
17,
The tensile and creep properties of three alloya mere studied both at ro
temperature and at 1200?F 1504?F.
The chrome-nickel-cobalt allays 5-590 and 3-810 were found to possess good
temperature properties and a high oxidation resistance.
S .O has the better properties and is wed in turbine buckets, while 5.590
is used in turbine wheels. The third alloy examined, 8-588 (chrome-nickel alloy)
has good high tenpe .tune properties, but is poor in its resistance to oxidathn.
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tea 1946
TENSION TESTING AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES, T. M. Blackman, P. R. Mourse, and
E. H. Plesset, ASTV Bulletin No. 140, May pp 32-37.
Simple and inexpensive method of heating tension specimens. by resistance,
a method of measruing specimen temperatures, and two types of exteneometers
and the associated electronic equipment for use with a Baldwin-Southmark
recorder. One extensometer is a reworked compressometer for use in the
elastic range. Other measures elongations up to 50% of a 2-in. gage length
for studies in the plastic range. Tension specimen may be broken with out
damaging the latter extensometer. Calibrating adjustments have been not so
that 50% elongation results in a 10 in. record (of the elongation) on a
Baldwin-6outhwark tension machine recorder j the elastic range is necessarily
so foreshortened that it is not discernible on the record. Also discusses
technique for determining the true load at fracture of ductile specimens.
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states 1946
. CREEP TEST EQUIP NT AT RUSTLESS IRCN AND STEEL
?eaba rd;
trumen.te, T. 19,E January, p. 12.
Readings of the order of 1%/1O,000 hours are accurately obtained and
creep rates of O.1%/loo:,000 hours are reliable. Fluctuations at 15 ;;IF are lose
than 1?F, and the temperature gradient in the furnace is maintained at less than
2?F.
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meted States 1946
A HIGH PR 1CIBION Obrg-I.,NCH CTRICAL SX F&,)AZTERx, TI. M. Mahan and Wk, S. Warreen,
Instruments, V. 19, Sept. pp? 502-505.
A gage is described which retains the simplicity and sensitivity of the
bonded-moire strain gage and in addition is applicable to long term studies.
The features of this Ira trument suggest the possibility of mounting gage points
on pen pant structures such as bridges, roofs, and dams, with the idea of
*aintaining a constant check on these structures. The is trument esa s-easure with
extra precision the distance between gage points at any time during test
periods of several ionthe duratiln.
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3.946
-DR:tVEN EEP-RM Th TXNO MAGA , X. J. enjoins; Metal Probgress,
V. 54, No. 5, pp. 3.100-3201.
A creep curve is autaeaat carry drawn for each to eat specimen; there are no
weights or exteneazetera on the machine, a motor driven screw jack being
used in conjunction with a spring in series witIT it to measure the foram, and
the travel of the screw Jack being a measure of the creep at caet3tant 2oRd.
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United States 1946
NEW MACHINES ORtEP AND QtEEP RVPT# E TESTS# M. J. Man3oirj Machu e
V. iS, No. 25,E pp. 96M-101..
,RLgh teqerature creep and creep-rupture testing nacthinee designed at
stiughouae research laboratories.
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1946
OF TAIS {Report on Royal Society Conference Feb.,, 1946 .. Andrade,
. cram TapaeU, MoCance and Alien), R.P.Al .en Nature, V. 157, No. 3989,
49'-471..
Report of a conference concerning the measurement, empirical expressions,
and the influence of metallurgical structure in creep. Papers include theore-
tic "' . works by Andrade, Recker,, and Orowan. Thpeell discusses the various
l cCanc a relates strain hardening to the increase in volume accompanying plastic
deformation. N. P. Allen discusses the effect of grain-size on the creep
properties] the addition of elements which raise the softening temperature,
in conjunction with work-hardening, results in the improvement of the creep
properties.
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A, McCance; Engineering, V. 161, pp. 258-259?
Dr. mCanoe states that metals subjected to plastic flow possess two
important characteristics amongst others, the increase in volume,, and the
increase in hardness; these phenomena are correlatable. Internal stresses
are produced by the volume changes which in turn depend upon the compressi-
bility of the material. These internal stresses account for the change in
hardness. The effect of volume change on the stresaddeformation relations
is studied for the case of slip along glide planes, By means of the above
correlations,, Dr. MccCsnoe extends his theory and applied it to creep and to
fatigue. In the case of fatigue it is not clear w1y the fatigue strength
of mild steel should be approximately one-half that of the tensile strength.
The extension of the theory to creep and to fatigue is a mathematical one,
and is based upon the stress deformation relations, which in torn are obtained
from volume and hardness data in the manner described above.
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194
STUSSLS IN ROTA IN DIS S AT HIGH ` ::RA2'tIR ,, A. S. Thompson; .Tour. A
Mechanics, V. 13, No. 1. p. A45.
A general n thod is found by which the problem of the rotating,' disk with
any arbitrary profile could be solved; including the effect of plastic flow and
of variable temperature, and including the change with temperature of modulus of
elasticity, coefficient of thermal exapnsiona and allowable stress, The solution
requires for its application to a specific disk only the elementary arithmetic
involved in completion of a tabular form sheet. Two applications of the method
are made, For an arbitrary disk profile, an integral equation was found which
converges rapidly to the radial stress distribution in a series of successive
substitutions, For an arbitrary choice of radial stress,, the necessary disk
profile can be found in one calculation. Appendix 1 given an example of the use
of the method for the design of a partially plastic disk with a central hole.
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England 1946
,.r V- P- TAL6# National Physical Laborator
Conf
y
erence, git Bring 363,,
pp 233--5, 258-x.
.fferent aspect of the subject were dealt with in turn by Andrade,
Tapsell, ?rc wan, Allen etc.
I paell, H. J. - kor a given terperatl-re, the rate of creep under strea8
is an extremely sensitive indicator of the mechnnica]. strength of a *etal.
From tests on lead., a magnesium alloy, and acme steels, it has been aeoer-
tamned that,, for each material and for a restricted range of stress and titse#
the creep curves at each stress have the same geometrical form. Also# the
creep curves for a material under tension, torsion and a combination of tension
and torsion, have the saes geometrical form.
2. VtC te, A w Metals subject to plastic flow passed two characteristics -
they increased in hardness and they increased in volume. They are correlated
phenomena and that the internal stress, produced by the volume changes which
will be connected withthe compressibility of the m terial, accounts for the
changes in hardness. The speaker had studied these volume changes and their
effect on the stress-deformation relitioris when slip took place along the
glide planes.
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gland 1946
DEALT- .SE HIGH RAT[ ALL , L. E. Bvowne; Ste,1, V. 1180 No. 21,
pp. Sal, 132.
go hardening data, endurance properties, short-tom tensile properties,,
and creep and stress rupture data for vari otis high-temperature cobalt base
alloys are tabulated.
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ng1and
1946
=NM IIM ALW!S t PTDPERTMS AT ELEVATED TEMBATURES.. 4,. J.
and R. L Payne j Jour. Institute of Metals, V. 73, November, pp. 105-127.
Magnesluw-cerium alloys are successfully cast in sand molds. The mechanical
properties are poor at room temperature, but the creep resistance and strength
at 200?G are good. The addition of zirconium refines the structure and leads
to a considerable improvement of the proof stress, ultimate stress,, and ductility.
The beat properties were obtained with an alloy containing about 3% cerium
and 0. zirconium, the mechanical properties of this alloy being of the sun
order of magnitude as those found in magnesium-aluminum alloys. In addition,
these alloys cast well and give sound products,
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England 1946
Oliver, D. A. and
steel,.
Se, 3. T.; Motallurgia, 34, p. 293
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England 1946
PROPERTI (T THE AL N0*-SILICON ALLOI5 AT ? BTU 5: T}JE REGION OF `
SOLII il$, A.
Singer and S. A. Cottrell; .our. lns. of Metals. V. 73, pp. 33-.4?
hhe tensile properties of alums -eilioen alloys (0-12% Si) were determined
at to ratures in the solidus region in order to determine the mechanism of hot*.
dthortness. The ductility rapidly drops to zero at the solidus, but some strength
remains up to a point about half way between the solidus and llquidus. The
extent of this region (above the solidus) appears to be an important factor
regard to the hot-shortness aharacteristies of the alloys. tti, to the solidus,
the decrease lb tensile strength with increasing temperature in greater for the
alloys vith larger silicon contents, but the ductility mains high in all the
alloys up to a point just below the solidus. The temperature range above the
solidus, within ehioh the alloys retain same em ll degree of strength, is saxism
at approximately 1,8% silicon.
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6 rJG L,Avxn
e 1946
THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, INCLUDING CREEP, CF ALUMINGM BRO1=8 AT EI2VATa
TEPERAT , E. Voce, Retallurgia, V. 35, No. 205, pp. 3-9.
Tensile tests were carried out at room temperatures, 250?C and 400?C; creep
tests at 250?C and at 400?C; and notched bar impact tests at room temperRture,
200*C, and at intervals of 50?C up to 600?C.
The creep properties of aluminum-bronze were compared to those of tin-
bronze, gun metal, and Cu--Si- alloys. Because of its resistance to oxidation,
aluminum-bronze appears to be the most premising copper base alloy for service
at moderately elevated temperatures. In regard to creep resistance, aluminum
bronze is infbrior to the silicon alloy, bat is superior to the tin bearing alloy.
Tensile test reveal that the presence of the gamma phase does not diminish the
ductility to as great an extent as is popularly supposed. From a coma rison
of no chat.-bar test results, it in evident that stabilization of the extruded
alloy causes a considerable degree of embrittlement at temperatures of up to
450eC. At 60?C, the alloy becooa tough, due to the pxesance of the beta phase.
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1946
CREEP RESISTANT ; LL(J` S ISs S. E. Wolfson and 1. P. Uyahkovj Metalhurgia,
1, pp. 287-290.
The selection of steel$ for high temperature service provides many anginsers
with problems of a complex character. It is wen known that steel maintains
comparative permanence of properties and dimensions at atmospheric and moderate
temps rsturess, but where high temperatures are eoxm earned and the metal is sub j eoted.
to intermittent heating and cooling, as in high tempesatvre3 stunt steam plant,
the phenomenon of creep must be considered. The subject has been given consider-
able study. A more recent investigation on t he behavior of alloy steels at pro-
lond high temperatures has been carried out and reported upon in Russia, the
main results of which are given in this article. The investigation shows that
the addition of molybdenum to steel imparts high heat strength. Vanadium tls
a similar effect on alloy steels but to a lesser degree.
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C NI8M OF CREEP IN JETAW (ALU}4INUM), W. A. Wood and H. J. Tapasel.l; Nature,
V. 15s, No. 1.2, pp. 415--416.
The grains of a polycrystalline metal under tension break down into
crystallites characterized by widely differing orientations and by a particu-
lar lower limiting size -which is a constant of the material. This has been
termed "random crysteAlite formation". Under similar loading of single
crystals, a dislocation of the mosaic structure occurs, but the mosaic elements
in general remain parallel. The condition has been termed the "parallel cry-
stallitee formation", Experimental results show that a polycryata llite specimen
in creep will deform like a single crystal in tension.
A specimen of aluminum, previously annealed, was stretched at 300?C in
a normal tensile test to an extension of 0.9%; the extension was completed
in two minutes. The specimen was then unloaded, cooled and examined by x-rays.
A similar specimen was allowed to ofeep under a load of 1/2 ton/eq.in. at the
same temperature until the same extension was reached, but the extension took
50 minutes. X-ray examination showed that the tensile specimen had a random
crystallite formation, while the creep specimen had a parallel crystallite
formation,
When the tensile specimmen, after unloading, was hold at the elevated
temperature for the same time as the creep specimen, no appreciable recovery
occurred in the structure.
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1946
A S ,LL CALF CIMP-TESTVIG
0. T. Harris, Metallurgias V. 34, Julys
Much reaearah. work has been carried out to devise suitable apparatus and
e with the object of determining the strength of an alloy at elevated
temperatures, particularly resistance to creep defor tion. Sher ' t * has
been carried out on short-time tests in order to accelerate the development
of a small-scale creep--tenting machine. This machine is described and some
results are given showing: the form of the strain-time curves obtained.
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1946
THE ROlE OF IN ERGRANU AR BOUNDARIES AND THE DEFORMATION OF METALS. APPLICATION
TO CREEP AND FATIOCE, Charles Crussard; Revue do tallurgi e,. V. 43,, No. 11/'12,
Nov i-Dec. pp. 3O7-316.
An investigation of the influence of grain boom riee on the fatigue and
creep properties of s gneziu, alumirsum, and zinc. It is concluded that there
is no amorphous film in the grain boundary in annealed metals. It is believed
that at estsell stresses internal friction is caused by a micro-flaw, and that
ordinary flow has both trsansrarystalliz and intergranular origins. The con-
clusions are based on a classification of different types of creep based on
the heats of activation.
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Vii: j? ~!.! ~
1946 C,f, _IX
CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE ALLOY AL-Z -MO-CU-CR, V laden Paic,
rend. 223, pp. 727-7
The alloy examined had the compositions zinc 8.5, magnesium 2.3, copper 1.5
chromium 0.25, iron 0.07, and silicon 0.O $ balance aluminwa, and was in the fora
of 14 att. bars and 50 mm,. thick palter. the variation of the tensile strength
s th the temperature was plot ted, and. showed that the strength of the plates
is distinctly lase than that of the bars above 290?C because they be to
corresponding
recrystallize at 30 3?C and. are completely recrystallized at 320?C. in
temperature for the bars are 380? and 1.20? and 500?C. The n chenism of agehardening
was investigated by radioc ystallography on two sets of specimens differently
heat-treated and the results are discussed.
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Prance 19,6
Tapsell, H.. J.I De. inganieur 30, p. 57.
Measured creep rate after 5 days under stress of S ton/eq.in. at 450?C
of 47 samples of rolled steels. Steels varied in C content from 0.14 to about
0* 4%1 no correlation of creep performance with 0 content. Got variation in
creep rats of 30101.
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e 1946
A MICRO -WHINE FOR THE MECHANICAL TESTING OF METAL WIRES AND TEXTIT , Pierre
Chevenard; Techn. Moderne, V. 38, No. 21/22, pp. 2+9-+254.
A miniature machine for tension testing wires at room and at high tempera-
tures, dry or immersed in a liquid. A screw mechanism extends the wiry, while
at the other end of the wire and in series with it, is a steel strip whose
deflection is proportional to the applied force this deflection, and the screw
motion are tra .ttted to a mirror aotthat the two motions appear at right angiai
each other. It tollot that the light spot reflected by the mirror traces
out aforce-extension diagram.
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cede:n 1946
eat, V 3, July pp. 333.334. vs vC3Siaup,
To obtain general information with regard to the tendency to embrittiement
Of 16 eteela,, sgecimew were subjected to a 1000-hr test at 500?C. impact testa
were carried out both before and after the 1000-hr test. Conclusion is that
the ordinary l mittng creep stress test should be oompleaented by a corresponding
test on notched test bars. In the latter test a stable material should not
exhibit any tendency to enbrittlenent or to fissure formation in the notch
similar to stress-ae vsion.
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India 1946
GAS TURBINES? AND JET PROP ION, R. P. Probertj Indian %9. - British Council
Publication, V. 1.20, No. 5, pp. 267-270.
Data on materials possessing good creep properties at high temperatures
(including information on the Nimonic 80 alloy) art discussed in relation to
the produotion and design of high temperature a-achinery.
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s..c( r r
Germs ay 1946
EPPECT OF COLD WORKING ON CRAP STRENGTH, H. Zsehokke; Schweizer Archie. V. 12,
Octobers pp. 297-304.
The high temperature creep strength of three 18-8 stainless steels containing
Ti, Tag Mo and W is investigated in relation to the prior cold work and to
rolling temperature.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AW3100040001-4
ON THE QUESTION OF THE ABBiOtMULT HIGH PLASTICITY OF CERTAIN ZINC-d-L NUM
ALIA73, A. A. oo r and Z. A. Sviderekaya {Feet. Akad, Nauk R pp. 1001-1004
(in Russian).
Ainc-oaluminu= alloys contain i.ng 75-$35% zinc, on heating to 1034?-3' 0?C
after preliminary quenching, become many time s softer and more plastic than the
pure component metals and the alloys containing 0-75 and 85-100zinc, heated
to sixxr l ar temperature. The unusual increase in plasticity is observed with a
granular structure but now tith a lamellar one. following explanation
of the pehncon in given. Plasticity depends on the mechanism of deformation,
on the initial capacity for deformation, and on the possibility of this capacity
being restored during the deformation process by the removal of work-hardening
and the "healing" of sub-microscopic sources of failure which arise in deformation.
If these is a sufficiently large mutual solubility of the component elements
of the alloy and one which changes rapidly with temperature, mutual solution talus
place on account of the local increase in temperature and the reverse proeeas
of separation occurs on cooling. In this vay, as a result of the transference
of atoms through the solution, "healing" of the sites of incipient failure
can take place.
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mite d 8tQa 1946
THE THRORY OF PIASTICIT!-?-AN OUTLINE OF WORK DONE IN $TA, W. W. Sokolovaky,
J. Appl. Machanies, 13 (1) Al-A10.
hematical. Russian wo1k in developing the Mise8u.t nck3r theory of
plasticity is reviewed with special reference to the e14stic 'plastic bending,
of plates and shells, the plastic state of plane strain, and plastic atates of
plane st7rees. A bibil ography of 24 references is given.
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1946
THE IN LUE OF RATE ON THE RESISTANCE OF MT&L TO PLALSTIC '0R6(A.TION,
L. D. Sokolov (Zhur. Tekhn, Fisiki, 16, pp. 437-422 (In Russian).
Static compression tests (at rstes of 0.01 and 1.0 mm* see.) and dynamic
tests (et an average rate of 2000 mm/sea.) were carried out in the cold and at
elevated temperatures on 20 mm, high cylinders of lead, copper? and steels of
various carbon contents. True-stress curves were constructed from the results.
The rate coefficient (i.e., the ratiof of the charge in true stress to change in
rat, increases with rise in temperature and with diminution of the mp of the
metal, and has a single-order value for an increase in rate in the ranges
indicated above.
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al* 1946
THE PL TIC DEFORMATION AND FAILURE OF POLYCRYSTALLINE METALS UNDER TENSION.I
Apparatus, V.S.Averkiev,, G. N. Kolesnikov, V. A. Pavlov and M. V. Yakutovichl
Zhur Tekhn Fiziki (in Russian) V. 16, No. 11, pp. 1349--1356.
The range of testing temperatures li s between -X195?C and 56?C, *ale
the strain rate range lies between 2 x 10- cm/sec and 6.4 x i?` em/sea.
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1946,
THE EM CT OF THE RA OF D FORMATION ON TH PLASTICITX QF COPPR.R ALLAYS AT RION
TI ERATIIE , A. V. obylev and A. I. Chipizhsnko, Tsvet. Mstally, pp. 7095,
(in Aws x)
Static (1-300 mm/'min.) and dynamic (5 aec.) teats were carried out on
wirer of 6-7 mm. dia. of the following annealed (1 hr. at 606?0) all :
brasses with 6:3.38% coppers 6212% copper and 57.55% copper ? 1.17% lead, and
bronze con?tai" 93.34 Co r, 3.53% tin, remainder zinc. At high temperature
(500 a 750 *,p 800 and 850 C the plasticity of the allays (as indicated by the
contraction in croas~seotion inereaaes with the rate of deformation. T1 revults
~'re given I
-
tabie
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Russia 1946
MASTIC AFTER EFFECT IN PW PW)R BRONZE AT ?C, N. B. Davidenkov and
0. A. Eu .rskayx,, Zhur. Tekhn. Fiziki, 16, pp. i 61.-12?0 (in Russian
tigaetion was carried out on the elastic after-effect in specimens
of phosphor-bronze strip (0.5 mm. thick) in the form of beamis of equal strength.
With various loads on the and of the strips, the change in the angle of being
end of each strip was measured at 110?C over a period of 1* hr. It was
hat the elastic after-effect increased at an ever-diminehing rate during
and that in a further half hour it reached no higher value. With
increase in stress the magnitude of the absolute elastic after-effect grcwa?
while the relative value diminishes. With increase in the degree of rolling
(cold working) the ela >tic after-effect increases both absolutely and relatively.
Annealing sharply reduces the elastic after-effeatl thus an hour's annealing
at 160'?C of a specimen reduced in t hickness by rolling, while causing
practically no change in hardness, reduced the elastic after-effect seven time.
For practical purposes a low temperature anneal is recommended.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A @ 100040001-4
1946
THE d?t:MI IC , PFDPE"T3 .LS CF MAGN IC31I-RICH ASAGN -IM-AL NG I VIR AILO'ffi,
V. C. Kuzneteov and M. A. Skryabin, Invest. Akad. Nauk SSSR Khim. pp. 557-568.
.
(in Russian).
The Brinell hardness of magnesium-rich alloys whoa compositions lay along
three radial sections (silvers aluminum a 4:l, 1:1., and la4) was measured(a)
after quenching from 39a?C, Ib) after slow cooling, (c) after nafgura1 aging,
(d) after artificial ageing, and ieohardness curves were drawn. Plasticity
increases with increase in the ratio of silver to al umf num,. while the region
of brittle alloys moves in the direction of high concentrations of alloying
elements. The existence of a minimum on the hardness curves of the aeagneasium
solid solution is established,, and it is suggested that this corresponds to a
state of short-range ordering. investigation of the tensile strength and
elongation of a series of cast alloys from the solid-solution rs , at 250? and
300MC showed that the best mechanical properties are obtained with additions
of O,S-r1.0silver to alloys containing 3-5% aluminum. Among these investigated
two stand out t (1) that containing silver 0.5, aluminum 4.24, manganese
0.40% Me a tensile strength of 22.8 as quenched, 22.8 as slowly cooled, 13.6
at 250?C and 10.5 at 300?C with corresponding elongation values of 17.7, 12.1,
23.4 and 29.5%; (in kg./ m.2) and (2) that containing silver 1.04, aluminum
3.09, manganes 0.27% has tensile strengths ( in the same order as above) of
22.70 23.3? 12.3 and 7.8 and elongation values of 18.3, 20.9, 41.3 and 52.8.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AOD3100040001-4
1946
=WP RIGS HEST RESISTANT MATERIAL "`THRMLTOM UTTR", R. I. ~evaner? Izveat.
Akad. R 'ekhn (10) 14314437 (In Rusian).
rmitomuUite, obtained by tlo3dschmidt'a therdt process,, is described.
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 Approved For?Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-009264003100040001-4
TW INFLUENCE OF SMALL IRON CONTEM ON THE FROPEPTIES OF COPPER AND ALPHA BRASSES
E. S. Shpiohi,net-sky and 1. L. Rogellberg (Tsevot. 1ta117, pp. 54-60 (in Ruasian),*4
and R. studied the effect of. snail quantities of iron (o.oo5.O.5%)
on tt a rack ica5l properties after deformation and annealing, the min size,,
and the --r-al u-
i
t
ras
a
anae of copper and of brasses containing 5. 10, 15, 20
and 28% zinc. hs effect Of iron on the rexechanical properties of the aIbys
811,80n, "L68", and "L62' at elevated temperature was also eza ned. iron
in copper and copper -zinc alloys increases the herdneas and strength f deer sei
the elongation, and inhibits grain growth. Iron markedly affect's the plasticity
of b ssees at elevated temperatures.. Up to 0.3% annealing at 6Oo?50?C, alloys
containing up to 0-15% iron have properties practically identical with those of
--% "
ir
o - re
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 Approved For Rase 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AGN100040001-4
1946
THE STATIC AND DINAMIC COMPRESSION OF BRASSES HAVING VARIOUS ZINC CO N ,
L. D, Sokolov,. Zhur. Tekhn, Fisiki, 16, pp. 12'77-1282 (In Russian).
co preseion tests at a rate of 1 am/sec. and dynamic tests at a
!ate of 2000 mm/ceps. were carried out on brasses containing 18, 25, 32,
.
38 and 52% zinc. True-stress curves were obtained which enabled a relation to
be established between the rate (dynamic) coeff., the temperature of the
experiment and the zinc content of the brass. The results of other workers
are confirmed.
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Russian 1946
QWTSONNAIRR RnUT'ING T MAC ENES AND APPARATIS FO?t C:F A ICAL rF,STIN(a F. P.
1 a,nk?n, N. id... Davidenkov, V. D. Kuznetsov.0 I. A. Oding and I. V. Kudryavtsev?
S, V. Serensen, Ta. B. l dman~ E. M. Shevandin (Zavod, Lab. 12, pp. 328-362).
(in esian).
Reports the answers given by the persons indicated above to questions on
the prospe to for the development and invention of improved machines and
apparatus for the mechanical testing of n teriaL ,
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 Approved For RQLease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AQ03100040001-4
n 1946
MIN MMOD OF TESTING T TAL WELT,* E. W. &hevandin (Za-rod, Lob. 12 pp. 736-753)
Tn russian.
To determine the mechanical properties of thin sheet, S. employed the method
of statically pressing out a circular section from a round specimen. Tests
were carried out an steel,, aluminum, copper, brass and Thiralumin. The method
enables the true-stress diagram to be constructed and all the fun nta1
characteristics of the material to be determinred..
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United States 1947 t:.Q r' .d`
TN ROR!StLLLI COHMI0N AND T BTPUS-TWPT'URE TEST, U. A. Bleakney; Prat.
A.S.T.M,, V. 47, No- 34, pp. 575-595.
After presenting a backgrcund of prior work, the author discusses evidence
related to the intercMtalline failure of metals, at well as the causes of such
failure. Based upon this evidence, a h wtheais it advanced for the explanation
of interer talline failures which emphasizes the role of oxidation.
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 Approved For Rase 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AQ,03100040001-4
United States 1947
INTERPRETATION {F CREEP AM STMM-RUPTURE D t& , Francis Foi j 3e Progress,
V. 51. No. 6, pp. 951:'958.
A review including a discussion on the mechanism of flow and rupture in
tools.
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 Approved For RWase 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AO$8100040001-4
1947
THE FLOW OF METALS AT ELEVATED TEMPERAT3RES, PART I, II, J. H. Holicmon and.
J. D. Luba3nr.; General Electric Review, V. 50, rob. April , pp. 28-32, "-50.
The combined effects of temperature, strain, and strain rate upon the stress
which will cause plastic flow are anlayzed in an attempt to make possible the
prediction of flow characteristics which can be expected from a me ial. under a
given combination of those factors. An expression of this nature is derived
frcamm relations between stress and strain, stress and strain rang, and temperature
and strain rate. (This expression is corrected in a later paper by J. D. Dnbahn,
Jnl.s of Applied Mechanics, ASME Trans. 3947, V.69, pp. A229-230). Evidence in
offered to prove thvt the stress for additional strain is independent of
the conditions which caused the prestrain and depends only upon the amount of
that prestrain and the conditions prevailing for the subsequent test.
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 Approved For Rase 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AO0100040001-4
United States 1947
z A
n 'ATION OF ST ESS* STEIN? TERATURE# MAIN RAT RELATION FOR PLASTIC
D `CR TION,, J. D. Lubarm; Jour. Applied Mechanics, V. 14, Sept. pp. A229-230.
The derivation and correction of an equation for the stress for plastic
flow as a function of the tex persture, strain, and strain rate is presented.
The correction refers to the equation as proriously presented in a paper by
J. . Hollomon and J. D. Lubahn.
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 Approved Fo ,Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-009260003100040001-4
194'7
$ R S5 RUPTURE 07 HEAT SISTING ALL075 AS A RATE PBE)CESS, B. S. Macklin
and A. S. Novick; Metals Technology, V. 14, No. 2, February, 13 pp. Also
Al TP No. 17.
ore of rate processes developed by Eyring and others is applied
to the evaluation of stress rupture for the case of tYnee heat resistant
lloys.. equation is derived that gives, for a given composition and struc-
ture the dependence of the time for rupture on stress and temperature.
The basic assumption of rate process theory is that, the initial reactants
in equilibrium. Statistical mechanics
and the activated complexes a:eailff
yields the equations r .. k as' where r is the rate of the reaction,
A h.
Fa is the free energy of activation, T is the temperature, k is Boltzmarm'a
constant, and h is ms's constant. 'a Fa is increased or decreased by '3 :y-
for r in the positive and negative directions respectively where Jr' is the
applied shear stress and,3 is a temperature dependent factor. The stress
rupture time t, is inversely proportional to rf where A+BT--D ? where A and
and B are constants of structure and composition? r.- is temperature, and
log B ? E + FT where E and F are also constants of structure and composition;
the relation of D to T was obtained empirically. For practical applications,
the constants As B, E and F are obtained experimentally. Thus for a given
teal, t; . is obtained in terms of ; and T. For the three alloys tested,
of the time of rupture on the stress and temperature was verif ea.
store, the equation is useful for the interpolation and extrapolation of
Me, Since both 49 and the apparent- free energy of activation
.R ^
ya(? Fa + kT logo) have the same value for transcrystalline and inter-
crystalline failure,, it appears that both types of failure are caused by the
d
am rate process mechanism, and that a correlation exists between creep an
stress rupture.
equation obtained shams the relation of the logarithm of rupture
it follows that there in a theoretical basis for the use
sun sstresss
,
Log plots for stress rapture, in preference to the coeonly used log-log
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tat 1947
PREDICT
T4-f : { I
TRE T$, P. 0. Me 'ettt,, tai 'rcgresas v.
iezae, the iauthor euggestt caution in any ext3rapc tiooo to
P. 959-9600
the method for predicting creep strength proposed by Kelvin
-2.
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 Approved For Reuse 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AOGa100040001-4
1994'?
C O R E TIN fi r ' TN S I O W ' 1 P Tfi2T WITH FsL&UTION TESTS, Paper, E. P., Jour,
.
of Applied Mecth -tca, Trans. ME Vo. 69, .mss P.A. 135-A-142.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AQQ 100040001-4
United States 1947
DISLQC&TION TORY AS APPLIED BY I .A. C.A. TO 1'W, CREEP OF METALS, A. S. )towiok
and E. A. ]lachlin; Jour. Applied Physics, V. 18, No. 1, pp. 7.57.
An equation for the steady state rate of creep in pure annealed polyorym-
tailine metals is derived on the basis of the dislocation theory and of the
theory of rate processes.
The dislocations are generated by the formation of an activated compbex
configuration in a small region. The rate of generation is shown to be the rate
determining process. Limitation of the direction of motion of large groups
of atoms results in the presence of a lazge negative entropy of activation for
the process. When originally generated? the dislocations are probably just
one atom long. The lowering under stress of the potential energy barrier is
calculated in terms of "back-stress" and of the constants of the material.
The creep equations yield calculated values which match closely the experimental
data for Al, Cu, Fe,, Sn, and Zn.
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 Approved For. elease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-0092GA003100040001-4
United States 1947
PREDICTING CREEP S ' ENGTH IN METALS, Kelvin Sproule; Metal Progrese, V. 51,
No. 3,. March, pp. /41--442, 440B.
The stress-test perature comes of many Bo on metals and alloys are suffi-
ciently parallel. After + construction of a chart containing information
an other nonferrous metals, a rough stress-temperature curve for copper alloys
be obts ed. This in done by drawing a line parallel. to the trend, with
. any known value as a starting point.
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 Approved For R4715ase 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A09'3100040001 ;4\,
1947
I`RLC' ERIS" Gs Or VARTOM STEE.lS IN STEAM AT 1200??, d. T. Agnew
,
&xD and H. L. Solberg. ginsering er .giant Station. Purdue tj rsi t#
A investigation it ziah small tens ,le epeafinens made from low-carbon;
2-1, C r-1%MQ; 5% Cr-M i;- 9% Cr - i; 3. Or; Ore,, Ni; 25%
O P. a e ressed in tension for periode of time ranging from 10 hours
a. A to rupture,, elongation, reduction in area, depth of scale
r, and type and angle of fraoture. 3, rat.
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 Approved For ft lease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926&003100040001-4
United States 1947
STABILIT! (F STEEL AT ELEVATED WBUTt3 S, A. B. Wilder and J. D. ' ylon,
.q4tA& 7l . - -1 "A l1-4. h A - "St.. .tee ? w..a a -
Sect of extensive research programm bding cc zcted on high temperature
9 materials at rational. Tuts Co,, Lorain, Ohio,
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 Approved For Ratease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A@93100040001-4
States 1947
CAST MAT IESISTANT ALLO' OF TIM 26% 0r-20% N1TrP1, PART is Toward S. Avery
afri C. R, Wi.ks, r3cur3 Society for Metals Preprint No. 16, 1947, To be
published in Trans. for 194$.
Data cover: nchanica2 properties at room temperature; stress-rupture and
creep properties from 1200 to 2 ?F; them expansion; resistance to car-
burization and hot gas corrosion;; and several mod, mall aneoue properties. The
.~ __
ade is suggested for general hot-gas corrosion resistance, It is *lso
suited for carburizing service when fortified with about silicon.
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 Approved For F ease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AOA3100040001-4
United States 1947
OAST HEAT RESISTANT ALI0T OF TM 16% Cr 35% Wi .
Matthew i Trans. A$M V. 38, pp. 957-1022.
a. Ike: II
ward Avery and Norman
An extensive analysis of the pw,;pertiea and performance characteristics
of the "IM. type cast alloys is presented (and significant comparisons are made
with the "RH" type alloys) an an aid in determining the applications in which
they mi, t offer superior service,. The "HT" alloys were found in general to
have superior creep strengths at 1400*F (about psi for 0.0001% per hour)
but showed about the some creep strengths as the RR alloys above 1600?F. Although
the -m- a logs were less resistant, to attack by hot reducing, sulphurous gases,
they had better resistance to carburisation, and had superior hot ductility
effect of restrained contraction due to cyclio temperature seerviO4
scuesed with emphasis upon the resulting thermal fatigue
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AS03100040001-4
194?
COBALT BASS AND NICKEL BASS ALLOYS FOR ULTRAHIGH TEMPFATURE, P. S. Badger, Jr
and P. 0. Kroft, dr.; Metal Progress, V. 52, September, pp. 394-402.
This paper represents a collection of high temperature test data on a nun
of cobalt-base and nickel-base alloys used during the war for critical portions
of high temperature equipment. Those tests include aging, short-time tensil.e$
stress-rupture,, and carburisation tests. Tables,, figures and photomicrographs
are Included.
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 Approved For lease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-009264603100040001-4
ited States
1947
eOPM OF S( FT ALVAc 1.*-M iUM-zINC A3LO!S AT
th and N. Prober, Headquarters Air 16+m"isi
Alloys with varying zinc and magneeiua contents have been tested to determine
t M
eep a tarmperatures .'rom 90 to 1M! C. At the came tine, other physical
ch in magneeimpe have poor creep.
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 Approved For" Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926M031000400Q1-
tee 1.947
MGM t ALU : WERTIM rAL 1ZT MINATION OF VALUE AT THE 6TI1
OI T, Giordano ?runij Metsl Industl7,, V. 70, No. 4, pp. 71-'729
strength of alb at 660?? vas found to be 550 psi in the
solid state. moth the annealed metal and rolled metal curves for tensile strength
ra ture converge toward that value at the melting point.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AO1}3100040001-4
United States 1947
THE CRFEP CIA. .CT ISTICS OF COPPER AND S COPPER AlLOYS AT 300, 400 and 500?F.
Burbhoff, H. L. and. Blank, A. I., ASTIR Prue. V. 47 Pp 725-^753, discussion p. 754.
1'lectrolytic copper, open free coppers, deoxidized copper, arsenical copper.,
red brass, admiralty, alb brass, Naval brass, 3% silicon bronze, phosphor
bronze, 1.15 Ni, .23 P, 98.57 Cu alloy and 98.09 Cu, 1.11 Ni, 0.51 To, 0.28 P
alloy were tested. Creep data including total creep, creep rates and relative
creep strengths are shown at 300, 400 and 500?F. Tensile properties and nota-
tions on mirostrueture of the test materials before and after creep testing
are given.
I. The coppers - Of the four types of coppers, arsenical copper has the greatest
creep strength. Deoxidized copper ranks second, and electrolytic copper and
oxygen-free copper, whth have very close creep properties rank third, This
order applies to both annealed and hard-drawn tempers.
The narked superiroity of the arsenical copper over the other coppers
is largely derived from its much greater stability with regard to softening
at elevated temperatures. The creep taste which were made on the deoxidized
copper as stretched 1 and 6% after the final anneal are summarized. The effect
of the 1% stretching is insignificant at all three test temperatures, but the
6% stretching produces a definite increase in creep strength, particularly
at 3003?F. The strengthening produced by the cold-work diminahes with increasing
temperature of exposure.
II. Bed Brass - The annealed material is shown to be superior to the two drawn
tempers at 50(?F.
Admiralty and aluminum brass - The creep characteristics for annealed
tempers of these two alloys are similar to those of 70-30 brass. The tin and
aluminum in these alloys contribute little creep strength in annealed tempers.
The influence of grain size for the annealed alloy is insignificant. The creep
properties of both alloys in drawn tempers are closely associated with their
softening characteristics at the three elevated temperatures.
IV.. Naval Brass ?- The creep rates for the two tempers of this alloy at 300 'OF
are nearly equal I for stresses in the vicinity of 11#000 psi. For stress lees
than this the annealed material has the greater creep resistance. For stresses
above 11#000 psi th1 drawn material has greater creep resistance. At 20,000
psi, the annealed metal had entered a stage of accelerating creep rate while
the drawn material at 24,900 psi still extended at a decreasing rate at the end
of the test period.
The stress-creep rate curve for the drawn temper of this alloy at 500?F
shows an accelerating rate of creep.
onze - Additional data agrees very well with previously published wor k.
VI. Ap? W d '$p lea 2 %?21 : 4AD "0 05 IA40$af 0d1)4 1)dt&y superior to
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that as drwm for stresses below about 15,E Psi. For higher stresses the
trend idth respect to temper is reversed.
For stresses up to at least 14,000 psi at 40?F, the annealed material is
definitely superior to that as hard drawn.
'ICI. Ago-hardenable sapper-nickel phosphorus and copper-
nickel-phosphorus-tellurium alloys. were found to have very high creep strength. Severe cold
working of the coppernickel-phosphorw$ alloy after heat-treataen6 produced the
greatest resistance to creep. Both alloys are susceptible to enbrittlement for
conditions of exposure which are severe with respect to stress and t aperature*
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 Approved For ikelease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926Q003100040001-4
United States 1947
THK APP 1 INFLUEME CF SIN SM ON TNT HIGH TWMATME PROPERTIES OF
AUSTENITIC STEELS, 0. L. Clark and J. A. Freeman; Trans. A.8.L, V. 38, No. 19,
pp. 149-1119,
The effect of grain size on the high temperature strength characteristics
of four Austenitic steels (18-8,, 18-12 + Cb, 25-.20,, and 25-12) was determined
from shot-time tensile, creep, and stress-rupture tests at temperatures of
up to 18}0??. Broad generalizations could not be made since the effect varied
from one Austenitic steel to another and other changes (such as the appearance
of an unknown phase) had a marked influence on the mechanical properties.
Only slightly superior high temperature (above 1000oP) creep and stress-rupture
strengths for the 18-8 alloy were obtained with large grains; however, for the
other alloys tested, the coarser grained structures were many times stronger
but less ductile than the fins grained steels. The author suggests that a
better combination of high temperature strength and ductility might be possible
if more information were available on the unknown phase which accompanies fine
grains in these latter alloys.
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 Approved Fo%Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-0092 003100040001-4
United States
+ estio
strength
* "lark 'a, rep:
VI,
T OF CHC UM STEELS WITH MCL.I EN TM A
eaa, v. 51 April, p* 610-631
George
validity of in?ormattan concerning the. high-temperature
+ Ti) ateela, reported by 0. L. Clark in December 1946 1
icl ed.
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 Approved For Rase 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A$3100040001-4
Mited tates 1947
ALLOYS FOI GAS TINE SERVICE, ". A. Crawford, Transactions
v. 69, ?ug p. 609.612.
o nickel- se a :oys for gags turbine appiiontions at temperatures upto
3 possibly, higher. Incouel X in a wrought mterialo readily forged
ded, vdth high rupture strength at all temperatures. The second &L 10y
X'esistanoe in the neighborhood of 1500"'F.
al primarily suited for edtended service appli,eation requiring
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AQ03100040001-4
united States 1947
A N 'ALLI ICAL INVESTIGATION OF LA RIE FORGED DISCS OF P-CARBON N-155 ALLOY,
Toward C. Gross and J.. W. Freemanj NAC,A Technical Note, No. 1230, April 20 pp.
A #Wdy of the creep properties of three larje forged discs of low carbon
N-155 at room temperature, 1200?', 1350?, and 1500 F. One disc was tested in
the as forged conditions the other two in tr he solution treated and aged condittona.
At 1}?F the as forged disc has properties superior to those of the other discs.
At 1350?F, the properties are almost equal,, Particularly at the lower stressed.
At 1500?F the heat treated and aged discs are superiors particularly at the lower
stresses where the deformation rates are small. Aging at 1350?F rather than at
1500?F oducaee higher strengths; some of the benefiaia1 effects still remain
at 1500 .
The impact strength and ductility decreased after creep testing at 120O?,,
1350?, and 1500??. The tensile strength increased after creep testing at 1200?
and 1350?F, but decreased slightly after creep testing at 1 '?0??.
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 Approved Foi elease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-0092GQr0031000409
EVALUATING HIGH BUT PROPER OF S IE, %rbext Dobkin, Steel, mV. 120,0 April
R&gn .ficanee and methods of measuring elevated-temperature properties
Pari+oua stools; the type of matdr a generally used in -high.-temperature
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 Approved For IWease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A03100040001-4
TSnited States 1947
TM DEVELOPMENT OF A TURBOSUPWRCHARoER BUCK 9T ALLOT, B. Epremiam; Trans. ASM
V. 39, No. i, pp. 261-280.
In order to obtain an alloy 'which would be suitable for the high temperature,,
high stress service required of turboaupercb rger and gas turbine buckets, the
effect of variations in the amounts of chromium, nickel, tungsten, and molybdenum
in cobalt-base alloys was determined. The composition of an optimum alloy was
deter d; designated as X63, it had the following composition: C 0.4-0.5%,
0.5%, Si 0.5%, Cr 0.25%, Ni 10%, Mo 6%, Co balance. This alloy, chosen on
the basis of rupture test data, was subjected to additional tests,. to determine
tensile strength (70,000 psi at 1500?F) and ductility (12% elongation for one
inch ate1500?F), impact strength of 1/4 inch unntched Charpy bar (25 ft.lbs.
at 1500 F)* coefficient of expansion (18.4 x 10' in/in/?C) thermal conductivity,
specific gravity;, hardness, creep resistance, damping capacity, fatigue strength,
and oxidation corrosion resistance.
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 Approved For lease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-0092&"03100040001-4
i.ted States 1947
HIGH 'EMPE TURE DIBX FORGING MVFJ.OPME1ft3 FOR AIRS GS I .S, L. S. Fonda
Steel rocessI nga, v. 33, Aug. P. 469-473, 486, 491, 5OC -5O2.
Type 1.?40 turbine wheel, with its buckets, comprises,--the high temperature
rotating parts of the jet engine powering the P-80 airplane. Bursting tests
on turbine wheel blanks and bucketed turbine *heels. Cirouuwtances behind this
investigation, the type of equ..pment useds the various alloys and forging
p ooticea investigated, and comparison of the results.
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 Approved For Reisase 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AQJL3100040001-4
1947
AN INVESTIGATION CF THE HIGH TEMPER TURE PROPE=ES CF CHROtUM BASE ALWTS AT
1350??, J. W. Freeman, E. E. Reynolds, and A. E. Whites NACAj Tech. Note. No.
1314, may, a pp.
hro 1 um base a11078 ire rupture tested at high temperatures. The
rupture strengths of 55 Cr .. 25 Fe - 20 No and of 60 Cr - 25 Fe -
15 to are ertrealy high, that of the 55% Cr alloy being 73.0o o psi at 1350?F.
0.05% carbon and about 0.6% silicon. The alloy can be machined and fabricated,
and techniques have been worked out for the casting of buckets. The 55% Cr
alloy has the drawback of possessing poor rocun temperature properties.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100040001-4
tae 1947
AT- SiSTANT ALLO FOR USE IN JETaPROOTJL&ION SLIGINESp J. W. Freeman, E. X.
Reynolds and A. E. White; dour. zero.: aieme, V. 14, Do*. pp. 693-702.
Compositions and mechanical properties are listed for some twenty alloys.
Their use is discussed.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-0092643100040001-4
United States 1946
CORP MTS 0f SOW, EXTRUDED LEAD AND LEAD-ALLOY SIEEV 'S AND TAPES., G. R. aohn
S. M. Arnold.? and 0. 1. Eouton; Proc. ASTY, V. 446, pp.. 990-1024.
The report covers extensive creep testa with particular emphasis on long
time (up to 70,000 hours), layer stress tests. Test s ecimens were from commer-
cial lead cable sleeves (of 6 different c cmpoeitions and from a number of
experimental lead'.alla taper. The tests were performed at 00-85?F` (except
for a very few at 20?F) an directly loaded flat specimens of 3 gage length.
The authroo ford that for high stress use (above 750 psi) the 0.9 percent
antimony and 3 percent tin allolns showed the greatest resistance to creep;
however, for low stress applications chemical lead showed the beat resistance.
For a maxi=m stress of 100-150 psi the chemical lead specimens showed no
measurable creep after 60,000 hours; all other alloys evidence some creep in
that time even for very low stresses.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100040001-4
United States 1947
TM STRESS R8PT R AS CREEP PROPERTS 0! HAT RESISTANT GAS TURBINE ALL028,
Nicholas J. Grant; Trans. ASM, V. 39,, pp. 368?-403.
A largo number of rupture and creep tests at 1500? to 1800?! (815? to 980?c)
and at stresses from 7000 to 15? -'0 pet in creep aM. 15,000 xWt to 35,000 psi
in rupture were made an a aeries of y3'a3:'3.ium-base (cobasltwchr nz mmolybdo )
and niolml-chr a obalt-iron base alloys. The variables etvdied primarily
were the effects of increasing amounts of carbon and nitrogen on the 'hot strangt1h
and ductility of these alloys, the role of heat treatment and aging, the relation--
sbip of the stress to the rupture time and to the mini== creep rate measured in
both rupture and creep tests. An important relationship was shown to eximb be-
tween tine at temperature and the resultant ductility at fracture.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A`M3100040001-4,
ted Stakes 1947
WRUTIONS IN GAS T MM ALWM RE ED B 7
Nichol J. Grant, 'as, Amer, 300. ital s, . 31 p. 33 39.
To
In oxder to determine y occasional bast hi gh emperatiw
higho trength
-
,
,
alloys of the CouOr-ll Ta system failed to jr odupe consistent results t) effect
-
+oaZ preheat ani me1.-casting temper attires an rupture properties
`8
in preei ion in est nt casting. A distinct re atipnship exists
aang temperatuxe, at the maid and metal, the struotufal Tarriables of
and rapture and dWtiiit * properties.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AQQ3100040001-4
United States 1947
(L-ants, N
.0 Tr
p. 28].
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 Approved For Mr-ease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A3100040001-4
United 8ta to 5 1947
1La-
SUP YRkLLOIS, PART I. Walter 13. H31dor!, Western thine and Steel World,
V. 3 g Aug. p. 88w-91.
Requitemen s for auperalloys fur h.1gh-tempest u e in gas turbines
(to be continued). I
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AD03100040001-4
United S
1947
SUPERA3W , PART II, Walter G. Hldorf, Western Machinery and Steel World,
V. 38.9 Sep w. p. 126-129.
Concludes a raar7 of tha properties of 16-25-6 alloy (16% Cr, 25% Nis 6%
'ode) an affeoted by va:rioua trI RI8GAL NT 1,,'.::L. LL : FRV)PUBTA DI Scold? s NT 0. (An
interrupted t ep `est. Inluence of Xnterruption of Heating and of Applioa ion
of Imd on the Process of Crsep). L, `Matteoli and D. Anch a nf.,* Ira Metall is
Xtalinna, v. 39, rch- April, 'pf 71?81.
of a imcaitansous and of erpparate brief interruptions of the above
were investigated for a steal oonUnize 0,20% C 0.71% Mn, 0 ?788 Gr,
0.27% Mo. A 150-hr. and a 1 hr, hest at 5004C wera applied.
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 Approved For R&ease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-009261 63100040001-4
1947
DE I P A,STE STAMAM N
t
e
a
# i~ R x+317 I!Io Z ~ net1en, To It April* p,, 2.33-13
ThO deve1opMOnt of various heat resistant steels Sri h spa cie attention
to US impro ement in strength at high temperatures during the past five y rs
of alloys for turbosupercls rgers eat: aricrtft g+a turbines.
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 Approved For.ilelease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926f4O03100040001-4
1947
BRITISH iNT LLIaACE Oi3 Th;CTIV'ES SUB COMMITTB E, dapai ee metallurgy,
Alloys for Gas Tur nes, ?beket Nozzles and Linea. (Report No. BIOS
Cr. 4to pp. 1.2 London R.M. Stationery Office.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AQD3100040001-4
UiBCLr't7 OF THE STS{3S: STATE Or MA3'Le` W TUB, Ezhanits n, A. R.S
Tech* Pbys.. R 17, No. 7. Do. 491.6: (In mien) onrpw fwun P ics Ab-
A studtlr to m de of the behavior of bodies displaying creep characteristics,
from standpoint of arbitrary representation of the structure, for a non.
uniform substance, +coWring the pares of the amain str ature. In contrast to
the usual representation, of absolute elasticity of the solid fraamtork, providing
a linear relationship bets stresses and deformations, and clarifying only
the reversible press es, the solid substance of the body take* on properties
characteristic of n lastio bodies. Coaoaeequently, several, vall-bumn facts
c er . the be rrior of Plastic-slestio bodies under alternating stress
be singly iacterpreted. A graph cal solution of the probleeea is gig.
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 Approved For Reiwase 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AOW100040001-4
Russia 1947
A ETUDE' OF TT 1 RELATIO EHLF BETWEEN RESISTANCE OF M 'TAW OR AUMPHOUS HODS TO
PLASTIC DEFOR A I'IOM AI' DT.I SPEED AND TE RATURE OF DEFOI MNATION, L. 1). Sokolov,
Z ur. Tekhn, Fiziki (In Sian) V. 17, No. 5r pp. 543--543,
An investigation of the true stresses produced in a variety of metallic
and non.metallia materials when sub jeoted to static aid dynamic compression taisu
at various tomperatures.
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 Approved For ReIL se 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A0 100040001
s
1947
DEP ND 8' OF TBUT RI CE OF ALUMINUM ALLOW ON THEIR: COW ITIUN AND
Sian) A. A, Bochvar, Iiveatiya A~emii Nark SSSR Otdele
_______ -s ,- _
Te .ches eh .Nark (Bulletin of the Academy of teiences of the USSR,, Section of
Teeha i ;e1. , ie ee, Oc}t. p. 1369-1384,
A Vapid a diary method for high-temperature performance determination is
proposed.* based on the gradual chaan;e, with time of loading,, of the she of
impressions obtained by forcing a macro or micro-indenter under constant load
into the epechi n. On the basis of data obtained by the above method and also
by standard creep testing, it is believed that the beat resistance of alloys
results from heterogeneity of their ex7stael structures,,. and also may be caused
by the formtion of screen or skeleton-like inclusions of solid phases on the
grain boundaries,
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 Approved For Reiee[se 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AG 400040001-4
Asia 1947 ~ ~-k Wit'? .
(-< C. ; - x \
Zharouporny Splav. (Heat Resisting Alloys), (BOOK) Vol. 3, I. I. KornSDv.
120 pps. Acadezty of aiencea of the USSR, Moscow,, USSR.
Results of theoretical and experiment l investigation of the me? t important
factors in developing heat-resisting alloys. Solid solutions of iron with a
series of alloying elements more studied thoroughly,, particularly regions of the
constitution diagram which include heat resistant materials. It Is shown that
the ternary system Fe-Cri represents the most important combination of
elements for use between 800 and 1500?C. Tv* alloys have been developed and
Lured industrially in the USSR,, replaoing the Ni-Cr alloys and platinumm.
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 Approved For ReI?e 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A00.W0040001-4,. ;
1947
. CT TEST OF STEELS AND ALLY AT HICR TEMRATUFM (In Sunsian)
A. B.. .1 ian and Q` v. 'stul3n. Zav kay; Laborstoriya (Marta Laboxatorg)
T. 13, Oct. P* .8-1.2210
A spoially s signed f rna re and testing apparatus. Reeu'ita of testing of
carbon Steel, with and wit out 0.1% Pb, frc a 800 to 2200?C,, and of 18-8
st a eas steels containing Ti., and also W, at 202 600 and 70C?C.
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 Approved For Reiedse 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A0Q100040001-4
1949
Ct JN OF TENSILE CRAP TEST WITH RELAXATION 'BEST", Irving Roberta; Jour.
Applied ah. V. 16, June, p. 268.
lAw- yva wsaunim uAa eo 4ui%yu2.ua.L uojuT,3-ons Too Tone Dolt relaxation proble>n,
?s0
based upq'n empirical creep data equations, may be obtained by direct aubstitu-
ti6n,rather than by differentiation and integration, as was doen by Soderberg
(Tins.. *Suit V.58, 1936s pp. 733-743) and by Popov and }i uaner (Jour. Applied
Mee x. 1947, p. A-)35 and p. A-352).
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 Approved For RMase 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AMM100040001-4
teen 1948
P714STIC FOW, CREEP, .A STRESS RELAXATION. IV * ANO ALO FLOW AS AN OMZR*
DISORDER TRANSITION, Charles Mack; Jour. Applied Physics. V. 19, No. 11,
Nov. pp. 1082-1091.
Plastic system show effects of steric hindrance at rest,, which results
i h a molecule preventing its neighbors from occupying certain positions and
introd oes a oertai r degree of orientation. Under stress map more positions,,
resulting from the rotation,, are forbidden to a molecule in motion. In order
to make more positions available,, it is necessary for the system to insreaae
its volume under stress,, and a change from a state of greater order to one of
greater disorder results. Based on this concept, equations relating the strain-
rate at constant temperature to the stress, change in volume,, and degree of
order-disorder are developed. The changes in entropy and interaction energy
accompaMlmg the strained state,, are expressed by a generalized partition function.
This concept of anomalous flow is extended. to visco elastic effects for systeaa
with rubber-like elasticity.
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 Approved For Rase 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AQ 3100040001-4
United States 1948
J. 0. Lasoheny R. P. Carreker and J. H. Hollomani Metals Tech. Pub. 2676.
Theory on nucleation and growth of slip bands.
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 Approved For Reisase 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AOQ, 100040001-4
3949 k11
IIE
R. D. Heidenreich and W. Shockley; Report on Conference on Strength of Solids,
y-}* 60, Phy's. Soo*, Londone
tudy of slip bends in creep.
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 Approved For Re se 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A0Q,3.100040001-4
United States 1948
F.ATIOI- IT, B. Gross; Jour. Applied Ph
i
V
ys
cs,
. lg, No. 3,
'chx PP* 257-264.
In a previous paper the theory of transient effects, caused by the sudden
application of a constant load or a constant deformation, vac presented. In
the present paper, the theory of steady-state behavior under alternating load
and deformation is developed. The principle Of superposition is used in order
to fornulate a Phenomenological theory of the elastic aftereffect. Relations
are established between the loss factor, the storage factor, the distribution
:functions, and the Laplace transforms of the creep and the relaxation functions.
The dynamic equation of motion of the vibrating body is established on the
basis of the mechanical properties of the system, and of the stress-strait
relation iieh is governed by the principle of superposition,
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926ADW100040001-4
Visited States
1948
UST I 2-I ES T&W ALLOYS OF THE 26% Cr-20% Ni TYPE,, Rcvrard Avery and Qiarlee
Wilke; Trans, AS] , No. 16 pp. 529.81.
The 26% Cr - Ni cast alloys have been ermined. The ro ratare
hanical properties, the carbuxUation and corrosion resistance, and the
stress rupture and creep properties in the 760-1095?C temperature range are
discusses.
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 Approved For Relftse 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A01 3'100040001-4
ited States 1948 ~ k-ktt'.a.
T PLASTIC tEFORM&TION, R. P. Carreker, J. G. Lesohen and J. D. Lubahn;
a Technology, V. 25, No. 6, Sept. 8 pp. (AIM TP No. 2477).
Experiments we a undertaken to confirm the existence of transients in the
strain rate which occur wherever the applied stress in a ixidenly changed from
one stress level to another] the discontinuity in the strain rate is followed
by a gradual approach to an equilibrium value. Creep tests were carried out
on lead,, copper, and aluminum, and the strain rate was measured optically.
In addition, stress-strain and strain-time curves were obtained from tensile
tests conducted on similar specimens.
59 results i ndt:cate that the magnitude of the transients may be quite
large. Cynic loading produced more deformation than the maxim= lsed employed
would have produced during the same period of time. It is to be expected
that as the length of the cycles becomes greater than the duration of the
transients, the effect of the transients becomes less important. The mechanical
equation of state is shown to be a special case of the nucleation theory which
successfully predictied the transient.
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 Approved For Reuse 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A0'AS100040001-4
'kited States 1948
AN IN T ATi4N OF CREI*' F.3 ACTURg, AND B NDIN OF LFAD A MAD ALLOYS M.
CABLE SHTIATI tN'G .. SERIES 1946, Curtis W. Dollies, Univ, of 111.1 Etginsergin
1 eririent Station, bulletin Series No. 379, J.-y, 1. 90 ppa.
Results of creep tests on strip anti full sections of lead--cable sh'll.
Load P.lloy show considerable recovery duri cyclic losing. Data are given
which irayy account for the wide difference in the amount of creep obtained in
laboratory test a and field tests. Stress-rupture tests in which ices of
ductility as ti for fracture is increased is very corked. Bending tehinee
for testing the bending resistance of sheathing in strip form or extruded on
eat The varked superiority of the arsenical leads is shown by both strip
and cable bend tests.
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 Approved For Re[se 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A0Q,3100040001-4
as 1948
SOME EFFECTS CF APPLIED STRESS ON PRECIPITATION PHENONENA, 1. L. Finlay and
I. N. Hibbard,, Jr,i Metals Technology, V. 15, No. 6, Sept. 18 pp. (AIDE TP No.2470).
It In believed that precipitation and solution shearing vents constitute
structural weaknesses which might cooperate v th applied stresses to facilitate
plastic deformation. It is also believed that the hydrostatic pressure affects
significantly the degree of disregistry across the matrix-precipitate interface
and consequently affects the age-hardening.
binary systems were investigated, 12% Zn-Al and 4% Cu-Al. The effects
of uniaxial tensile creep at high aging temperatures, and of hydrostatic pressure
during aging at high temperatures were investigated.
It was found that solution shearing facilitates plastic deformation. It
was shown that precipitation does not increase the tensile creep extension of
4% Cu-Al, but increases that of 12% Zn-4Al, as does solution shearing, This,,
presumably because transfozmation mechanisms are complex in the former alloys
and simple in the latter; the 111 planes must participate in the shear in
order for the creep extension to occur, and precipitation shearing must affect
those planes in order to contribute to the creep. Hydrostatic pressure tests
show that aging increaaee coherency (and hardness) in the 12% Zn-Al alloy and
reduces coherency (and hardness) in the 75S Al alloy.
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 Approved For Rekease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AQQ3100040001-4
1949
A STUDY OF TI- PROPFF TII OF 0.5% CHTh)UUM -0.5% MOLYBDENUM PIPE ST... , R. C.
Fitzgpralc, A. H. Wilder, 0.. V. Smith, and. A. S. White, Welding Jour. s V. 27.
Sept. pp. 457a-469x.
An investigation of the mechanical properties,, including creep, and of the
fabricating characteristics of this high temperature steel, reveals the properties
and characteristics to be essentially the same as those of a 0.5% molybdenum steel.
However,, resistance to graphitization, to oxidation, and to embrittlement is good.
Excellent creep properties were obtained in nests at 1000?F.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AO 6100040001-4
United States 1948
HIE}H `1iP R&'U PROP ;RTl or ROTCR D1SIO FOR US 3.BINVS AS ArCTED BY
VARTABLS IN PROCI WIND, J. 1, sreeman, H. C. Cz s1 and E. I. Reynodls
and W. Ir`. Si=oaa. American Soo. for Testing Material, Adverse Reprint
Pron, of the r. Soo* for Testing Uaterials, v. 49# 36 ppe.
Results of high-temperature tests on 24 large forged d9.skat of eight heat
resisting a Llo , both low and high ally. Short-time, tension, rupture, creep,
and streo+ims for total deformation characteristies were detexnmined at 70,
150 and l F. 14 ref.
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 AppToved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100040001-4
~V 4
yj k ''
U.it.d StatOs 190
.as or M 1465.9
mu ooh. Note ,
RUMM T CAA A.CTM Re o1de, and A. E. Whit*),
9 op. j. 1. Free:
~
?
Feb. 61 PP
aQa`~ and 1~
at l7
i'
O
}r~latias
,..,~_~ the rI
uz type alloys,
i oriel alloys
'ire are Pze~-+stan.ck &11078.v
ea` ty
of gtoadard t hrtava
at$ other bigh temperatures alloys-
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 Approved For elease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AA03100040901-4
11
"tested motes 1948
A T's IQAL INTIGATION OF M GAS TURBINE DTS OF TD MN ABC,
1. 1. Freems` Z. R. Reynolds, and A. Z. White, National Advisory Comm. for
Aeronautics, och. Note No. 15310, ,fir, 55 ppe.
Tests to determine repro ucibilit7 of properties of disks ride by different
ffect of various fabrication procedures on disk
t
e e
ocupeni e s and toy investiga
proportion. Properties at room temperature and 1200??`. Tests indldded short-
tie tensile,, atrass pture, creeps and hardness, along with a meta11ographic
,s up I tton of the materials before and after testing.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926/}03100040001-4
United Rates 1948
P TWO CONT R-F GAS-TURBM DISCS CF 19-9
* E. B. Esynr23e, and A. E. White, Nat. Advisory Cora.
oh. Note.. No. 1532, Sept. 37 ppe.
,ate to determine the level of properties developed in large
orgings of the alloy, to evaluator the offset of the temperature of
.d work in these large forginge, and to show the degree to*hieh the properties
bar stock can be reproduced in large forgings.
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 Approved For I ease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AA03100040001-4
A )EM LOGICAL INUSTIGA tT?S C " TWO LARGE D CS OP C ALL ' I. E. 1 8nolAss
.J. . Freeman, and A* E. White, ations7. Advisory Co ittee for Leron utiae,
. Note. No 153Es Sept. 33 ppB.
to of a study of properties at room temper ture and 32OQ"F. Aging
,e i enetioial to rupture properties,! while no effect on t ennile, hardaese
ore3atton properties eras observed.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926Afi83100040001-4
United States 194?
THE EFFECT OF SI PEMNTA OF SILVER AND COPPER ON THE CAP CHAR CTERI8T
CF EZTRUDI IFADt 0. R. Gohn and W. C. Elie; Pro*. ASTM, V. 48, pp. 801-x'1.4.
!reap tests on extruded lead pipe specimens reveal that silver contents
to 0.010% improve the creep resistance at stresses of 400 psi. and a ,
he higher the stress level, the greater the impfov nt. The creep
not i npraved by the further addition of 0.061% copper, or by any further
ver additions.
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 Approved For R lease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A 103100040001-4
United States
1948
TE C08ALT UE J A 3k AT 1350 to 1800?P', Nicholas Grant; Trans.
V. 40, No. 1'7s pp. 585-616:.
Using ordinary vitailiumt as a base, a new alloy (J alloy) has been developed
which ohm roved rupture properties in the temperature range from 1350E
to 1800?F. he optinum carbon content was established at about 0.76%, this
ptimum carbon alloy, when tested at 30,000 psi and 1500?F had a 500 hour rupture
life. In addition to the higher strength, this alloy is more stable and is more
easily reproduced than the previously reported Co-Cr alloys. The optima aging
for the d alloy requires five hours without load at 1350?F. The creep resistance
of the J alloy is about the same as the creep resistance of the Co-Cr alloys
previously mentioned; hotsver, its room temperature ductility is somewhat less.
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 Approved For Ret6ase 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AN310004 004-4
United States 1948
A SMURY OF .T 1 ISUM ALA P1 31 1200 to 800??.,, Nicholas J. Grant,
A. F. Frederickson,, and M. R. Taylor. Iron Age,, V. 1610 Rim. 180 1948, p. 73.78
April 8, 194$, p. 115-81.1 April 15, 1948? p. 84493.
Con ated as a project of the U. S. Navy Bureau of Ship*, this sumar7
correlates and evaluates data produced over the past seven years by various
industrial and governmental sources. Relative stress-rupture data,, and crew
properties at various temperature levels. Compositions of acne 53 alloys,
together 'with physical property data for most of the alloys. Effects of
temperature,, grain size, composition, and aging on rupture and creep properties.
The degree of control neceeeay to standardize these variatbles. Stress-+to-
rupture and elongation values for some of the more promising forged and cast
alloys at various temperature levels. Relative mechanical properties of the
.
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 Approved For&elease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-009266 003100040001-4
United States 194
M VJ S POP WON TEJJ7,EIA TU SERVICE,, P. A. Pip
Sept, p. 89-95.
'Iron Ages V. 162,
Results of experimental investigation prompted by frequently encountered
warpage, buckling, and ultirate failure of metals currently being used in such
assemblies as jet exhaust 3tacI, tail, cones? combustion chambers, and exhaust
aw.ifoids. The effects of repeated flame impingement on common hig t zperat-ire
alloy and composite (clad) materials.
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 Approved For R&*ase 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AQ93100040001-4
MELMINT OF CAST ALUKIWWE ALLOYS FOR EI ATED ?PS a. TMtg SERVICE, Webster
H dges L. W. Eastwood, C. H. Lorig, and H. C. Cross., National Advisory Comm.
ron uti,e, Tech. Note. No. 14",, Jan. 32 pps.
ate of heat treatment and exposure to elevated temperatures on the
properties of various alloys subsequently Cooled to room temperature;
or ?various alloy additions on the room and +elevated-temperature properties
a u inum alloys; and improvement in high-temperature Creep Properties,
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 Approved For.Belease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-009294003100040001-4
f' o41ci~5r
1948
AT T M ~.T"i
' : TIWI A N D C WP P R O P O R O F ? 1 V O R M AM A
S
L, R. keon, H. C. or"## &W J. U. Berry; N&CA
48 pP.
;te strength. fatigue strength, ereeep properties,
nted on the tenai
.
&w4& arepxwse
and theeraaea3 expaesion of various forged almimm alloys; the data are petitesnt
the application of thse ailo n in the temperature range ft m 7fl to 8403?`7.
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 Approved For R ease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926P 3100040001-4
States 1948
t,A q W'V t`~`s
THE #WOM AM ELEVATED 1E EPATMM PROPERiIM OF SOME SAND-WT M&GFWIM&-BLSE
"TS CQ NIM ZINC, howl Lemtie; Metals Technology, V. 15, No. 4, June,
35 pp. (A TP No. 2371).
An investigation of the tensile properties, hardness and creep resistance
of lk-Zn alloys. At temperatures up to 30!?F, the properties improve progressively
with increasing Zn content in the composition range of 0-106 In, and ;a rticularly
range of 0-6% 7n. Further improvement is achieved by the addition of
a third element such as Al,. Cdj, Ch, Sn, Co, Mn, Ag and Zr, or by the addition of
1tio n of such elemenbe. Zr or Mn additions produce alloys with axoellent
nd creep properties which are superior to presently used commercial
sand casting alloys AZ92-STA and AZ63-ffiS at high temperatures,, and which
fihermore are not inferior to those alloys at room temperature; these alloys
contain 6% Z n and either 1% Zr or 1/2% Mm. Mg-Ce alloys, however, have superior
high temperature properties, but have little ductility and poor room temperature
parties.
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 Approved ForQelease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926MO3100040001-4
"c ited States 1949
BMCT CF T MP RAT OF COLD ROLLING, T 1d? AT R OF T. L AND R3ATB OF
PULLING ON TENSILE I'ROPERTIHS OF AUSTENITIC STAINS STE WITH L4DW NICKEL
Cfl 2aT, R. A. L oln and I. H. Hattaer, American Iron and Steel Institute,
22 p pen dieeuiajorz p. 17-22.
Orals vith alloys containing approximately 1 Cr and a little Joe. than
l aludea extended diseugsion by D. C. Bwk,
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 Approved For F ease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A' 3100040001-4
United States 1948
C "M {nW STEM AM CO TM IN M.tAION TO P S fR.C'S&D 0,C)l' Caren. Gustave gne],
Jra, of the Arian toaorete Institute, v. 19, Proc, v. 44. Feb. p. 485-x.
#nthoda and aaults oil creep tests performed on three different samples of
steel id.re iu der? constant load and constant length o nditi ns. Pm paration of
conomte specimens prestressed by use of h eee same 'wiz s.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AY03100040001-4
OF SILL CAST LOW AUOt STEM AT KEM TI&MFtAT ,
-V._ . so and $. Lcsr, Trans. of the her. Soo. of h. Viers, Y. 70#
Nov. p. 879-883.,
to of furnace practice on a cast C-416-V ste 1, and of Al. Cr, V. 0u,
. a is of Me-Quaid-Mm Tensile,
and high on oa3t eambinations. B
: I L-2
one aging cycles. Effect of aging at elevated temperature on static bend
bars and V-notch C} py bars.
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 Approved For R (ease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A'C103100040001-4
United States 1948
T?XLE C:EP AND FATIGUE PROP US AT =VATS. TEER&TMit 3r=
ALLOTS' Dona u? UC nald, aver boco for Testing Materials. Advanee Rep,
P'
t
ro, of
ie A er Soco for Testing ..terials, v.." , 18 ppd.
Tests on cistinge and forgings to be used in e:
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 Approved For FWease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AT03100040001-4
1948
DETERMINATION OF STRESSES IN CAS TURBINE DISK SUBJECTED TO PLASTIC nCw AND
C?MEP M. llenson a rd S. Manson; NACA Tech. Note. No. 1636
~, June. 45pp.
of a finite difference met od in the computation of disk stresses
ions of creep and plastic flow is illustrated. Numerical integration
s avvoided.
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 Approved For Rebase 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A 03100040001-4
United States 1948
IN ' =RDI T& ALLOY STEELS AT ELEVATED TEMN-k'AT S, R, . i.lier,, Peta`ole
Nngineer, v. 19, Jan. p. 178-18O, 152,E 184-186, 188-189.
gnira nts for -various a Ppltcatione, and data concerning the weh niea1
properties and e levatad temperature corrosion resistance of Awqwwxt=wxMwVMx
ton s ee3.s most commonly used in the petroleur- i iusti7. 19 ref.
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 Approved For Lease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A' 3100040001-4
United States 1948
E1 ICE OF 8I1 LL PERCENTAGE OF SILVER ON THE TENSILE ST OTR OF EXTRUDED
LM STfE T ,, H. S. Phelps, Frank Kahn and W. P. lfageej Proc. ASTM, V. 48.
pp. 815-.94o.
-as rupture testa were condtcated on a series of extruded cable sheathing
Ld pipe samples contaardmg up to 0.018% silver. Opti results were estimated
to occur with 0.010% silver additions. The We was markedly increased, and
he creep rate greatly reduced at stresses of 500 psi. and above. Higher silver
tents produced undesirable results on the life of the samples and on the
reep rate. Soweverp beat results were obtained with 0.017% silver additions
when 0.061% copper was also present. Cast and rolled lead samples, when
annelaed, appear to possess the same stream-"rupture properties as extruded
lead specimens. The effect of temperature on the creep rate and time to failure
was cheer ved.
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 Approved For Rftase 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AN3100040001-4
Uted States 1948
A TALL' ICA' INUSrIGLTION OF A CONTOUR FL EA DXBC (W EM ALLOT, E. E.
Re o1de, J. W. freeman and A. E+ ?te, National Advisozy Committee for
Aeronautics, Tee hl Note No. 1534,. Nov. 30 pps.
Properties of E ME, alloy (Fe baae,, 19 Or, 12 Ni, 3 1,, 1 Cb) in the fora
of contour-forged discs for the rotors of gas turb ra were studied at room
and 12OO?r. Results are compared with data from other lsboratoriea.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AU100040001-4
states 1948
T .TION M` TWO TURS6U ERCHAR SR DISCS OF 19-a1tt A
te,
re e . and A. Z.. WHOt... W #i
...
'f
on
C
of tests to determine properties *t ra+ t
t
es~era
ure at IWAV+ materia3, in fcarging of the u4e& us
d i
es
n sexgice. Both =808 Vero given
hot cold working treatments at 3 to 3350? !' but one was solution-treated
and the other was left in the ae-forged. oond ttion.
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 Approved For Ref se 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AMM100040001-4
1948
1i[S. B ,TING MAMIALSr Ernast L. Rnbinw,, .. meri
s
i sir, a--
az
oc
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 Approved For Rase 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A1+)l13100040001-4
Milted States 1948
PLASTIC O IM CAI ;T IRON AT ROOM AND ELEVATED TSIAPERA2t Ss WITH SPECIAL R RFC
To RELY` OF STRESS, C. R. Tottlej Foundry Trade Jour. V. 95, Nov. pp. 445-463.
The effect of strain rate and of intermittent aging and stressing on than
ductility of cast iron bars at room a at elevated temperatures. Aging under
stress is equivalent to stress relief, and it enables eLastio stresses to become
plastic,
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 Approved For RgTease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A3100040001-4
d States 194
N CAST SANS MUST HIGH TWMATURES, W.
76, Nov. p. 6"9s 230.
A. R. 8Laea,
etigstion rode undertaken to verify the claims made for elevated-
temperature applications of high-Si oast irons, to develop a t eahnigge for their
oiaei production and to improve their characteristics for specific purposes.
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 Approved For R" ease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AM100040001-4
United Status
or ST'EE7 AT BLEV D TE 'ERA'1 S, A. B. Itl4er and J. 0. Light,
24 - T, - - -F- aea . wwv. A W4V --MU%4a, Pr.pr1t,
PFs; Amer., dos. for Metals, Y* 410 1949, p. I4-163*
The stability of over 3.00 different types of Steel at 900
1050
?P
,
,E
,
is being evaluated over a period of 31 years. Welded esampba are included.
a1 obangee oxidation aharaoteristioa, and impact proportion after
fear 1v,,000 hrs. Who influence of Zr Cb and ' i ' on graphitizat im in
wft trout Cr.
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 Approved For Reese 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AM3100040001-4
United States
1948
ynes Stellite Co. Hynes Al:Loya for High Temperature Ssrvi.oe,
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 Approved For~Fielease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926 03100040001-4
XT WITH WIM (MUG I ,eatriaa3. gig. V 67, No. U, g. 1049.
The as** of resistance attain gages for the me aurment of a
xssa1,ts in better data being obtained..
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 Approved For ROTeale 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-009261 b3100040001-4
(-- COIAN
T TWIM MW 100,000 ', Aviation W'eokp T. 49, Oct. p.
steel- pits
up to y' 175 ?F.
to study effeota on Medea of high speed and temperturea
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 Approved Fo?wKelease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-0092003100040001-4
tte
1948
NP T M& IN, Joeeph Marine, J t mat I dustrits-a, v. 98, May 15,
mast sire to eta have been made on epeei s subjected to simple
resses. cent27, several static tension; static-to *ion; static
-tension; and fluctuaid # to r; ion't nsionp creep-testing
dke icpsd at'The Penn. State lege.
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 Approved For ( lease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-009261 03100040001-4
United States 190
and Jame
' A, ;3 - AO} FOR US NG S.BE METAL AT HIGH 2WFMTURE# G3e n Qaurn.
tal Progress,. V. 54, No. 5, Nccv. pp. 692.1694.o
cription of an extenso eter and instrumental set up i.ch utilises
In ,gages, so mounted as to cancel out nuaerous variables and record
quated value at any instant. The use of such apparatus in the tension,
creep, and stress-ruptuxe testing of high alloy material in sheet form at high
t eratures is described.
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 Approved For Lease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-0092603100040001-4
ted States 1948
METHODS OF Tg8TZ CREEP RESISTANT ALL`S,, Wilfred Fratsois Coxon, Materials
tend Methods, v. 28, :, p. 76-78.
Recent developments in tre:: ting and testing areep resistant alloys.
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 P86-O 6A,Q,p3100040001-4
25X1A
LIM
APPENDIX I
(C:ont' d )
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 Approved For FWease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A`&O3100040001-4
3948
THE CREEP CF
of So lids", The
. da C. Andrade, !Report of a ConfererAe on Strength
booietT, P. 2D-26.
Li a of creep. Apparatus for determination of creep at
Dgeneous char. 4bree methods for maintaining constant strove an specimens
under axial tension during testing. 15 ref,,
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AO3100040001-4
1948
CTS:' OF NEWS, I MU-1 Progress 54: 552, Oct. E. Ox owan;
Abstract of "The Creep of Metals" by Oro an. Journal of the Vest of
Scotland, In and Steel Institute, V. 54, 1946-47. p. 45.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A`6O3100040001-4
1948
D 'OR1LATION OP CRYSTALS BY THE MOTION OF SINGLE IONS, y. R. N. Nabarro, Physical
Society* Pep. onf. Strength of Solids, PP. 75-90.
On the basis that homogeneous stresses exert no force on vacant lattice
sites or on in erstitial ions, previous estimates of deformation rates based
on the migration of lattice defects under stress are rejected. Surface forces
modify the concentration of defects assumed under conditions of thermodynamic
equilibrium, and the diffusion of surface imperfections through the lattice
as a oars equence of the resulting concentration gradient influences the creep
rate in such a way as to make it dependent on the specimen size. Because thermal
agitation p?events the presence of a limiting total strain independent of the
stress, micro-creep in tin cannot be explained on the basis of mosaic-structure
theory, though several other phenomena are explainable on that basis. The carder
of magnitude of non-uniform stresses isoaloulated, and the creep mechanism
resulting from such stress conditions is discussed. The effect of neutron bombard'
meat on creep is described? in relation, to the mot ion and ejection of inter-
stitial ions, and of the consequent creation of vacant lattice sites.
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 Approved For RMase 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A3100040001-4
1942
poA of a; nf'ernee an Strength of Ioli es#, The ~P1 sioaleSociety,, P.*1-19.
'h a theory of dislocations, and application to the theory of transient
P, in the sense in which the term in used by rode (1911, 1914. 1932)
by Orman (1947), ref.
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 Approved ForQglease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-009267 03100040001-4
1945
R. jg, R. X. Cabn and B. C haimsrs; Nature London 161m P. Wit.
Creep by
rain boundary movement in the bierystals.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A99`3100040001-4
England 1948
tn.~nv.,~ pb awe.
u?~t'tn uV,tr;~
PRSSUPY, AND C Fes' P TESTS AT CONSTANT MOPP STRESS ON LEII AND A ILpf E' PIPES
A. Latin; Jour. Inst. of Metals, V. 74, No. 5, Jana pp. 259-289.
Lead pipe was tested at constant hoop stress by adjusting the internal
pressure, in order to determine the Andrade weep constants beta and k. In
the case of alloy "Ex y the extension to fracture was very sm ll at low Io?trs~aest
creep rates when oomprzred to that at high creep rates.. in the case of pure creep
rates when compared to that at high creep rates; in the cast of pure lead?
the extension to fracture was not affected greatly by the creep rate.
As the applied stress diminishes., the It (slow flow) constant decreases
greatly in both materials.: while the beta (rapid flaw) constant does not change
greatly; the flow therefore becomes increasingly beta (rapid) flow as the
applied stress is reduced, and increasingly It (slow) flow as the applied stress
is increased.
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 Approved For Rase 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A(RT3100040001-4
194 \ ..;, w .
aT
lenned 'e,
TNB AJRi CREEP EQUATION TO RIPER; NTAL RESULTS
i Phi. Soc., V. 61 lea. I,, p? 510-515*
iod b * .eb the constants in the above formula for the flow of metals
stress can be rapidly deduced from a xperi nta1 results by direct
$atem employing sliding dates of calculated shape. The
n to which the method is applicable is derived.
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 Approved For4iLelease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00929M03100040001-4
England 194 '4
A. H. Cottrell, Report of Conference on Strength of Solids, p. 30 Phys. Soc.
London.
Explanation of mic rocreep on the basis of atmio clouds about the dislocation.
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 Approved For R base 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A 63100040001-4
Ingland 1948
TALS AND RECRTSTALLIIATION, B. N. Da Andrade, Nature, V. 162, Sept.
Fare polycrystalline lead (99199%) which is stable at atmospheric temperature
recrystallizes under stress. The crystals increasing in size from about .05
up to ahout.3 mm. linear dimensions.
A figure -which shows length against time for a range of stress (371-985 01 ut/r
in given. The form of those curves differs markedly from that obtained with
normal metals. For the recrystEllizing lead there is a stage of accelerated creep
during the first 10 minutes which is followed by a final creep at an approximately
constant rate. It is clear that recrystallization during creep has a fundamental
effect on the form of creep curves.
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 Approved For Rpiease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926Ac663100040001-4
1948
Bardgett, W. E.1 J. Iron and Steel. Inst. 160, p. 143.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A@03100040001-4
ad 1948
TRESSES IN 'WINE ROTORS* M. C. Caplan, L. B. Jolley, and J.
. of Metals s Symposium on Internal Stresses in Metals and Alto
Internal stresses were not found to cause arse permanent set in turbine
heels. Rweveer, depending on the temperature, shafts may take a permanent
set; this depends upon the extent to which internal stresses have been relived
as a resit of they high temperature present in turbines. Calculations for the
deflection of shafts are included.
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 Approved For Rakease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A`903100040001-4
194
THE CRFAP OF GIASS AT ii 4$ T P 1 ATt S, Ch. Crusaard; Sheet Metal, Indus .
V. 25, Dec. pp. 2471-2474?
The similarity between the creep curves of glass and of metals is
emphasized.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AV63100040001-4
-
:TIES OF MOLY3]'NUM, CXP.OXItU WOMB
ng Jour.. Iron a+ Steel Inst., V. 13$,
A MOLT NW VANADIUE
37-800
at various t o i .turea and stresses were cons ted on 0.5%
0.5% x.25% Vs steels, and the effect of C. Si, Am, au,d
Peat- treat n ants of various types were sue.
enely 3',. The strees--te ersture relations for 0.1$ and 0*2%
eta of up to 58,000 'two,, duration were carried out; the mode
000 bra* were esttmeted for -tc--Ta steel as a result of
weep testae. This steel was found to have creep and ruprs
he other cloys tested.
1948
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 Approved For Re' se 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A0' '100040001-4
England 3948
C PJ3CN S Nd, - r AR NO L CAP ?Efi tTLTING P M ALI MIMU +1 ADDMI O J.
Lyon and Ste ., v. 21. May p. 218-221.
,five-day creep tests were conducted on ov-carbon steels containing 0./+
to Is, d% 'Ma, 0.41 to 0.15% Si and up to O.1]$ Mo, and with varying amounts of
.Al up to 3 1b. 1+p r tor_. *i, 8i, and M o reduce the creep rate and help to co ountez-
act the abnox1 oraep resulting from Al additions.
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 Approved For Rase 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A993100040001-4
wee 1948
Long time creep tests on 99.991% pure lead were carried out, and the
results were compared to the values predicted on the basis of short time creep.
The temperature effect and the influence of a superposed vibratory stress were
investigated at various stress levels. The stabilisation of the crystal structure
as a result of a 120?O, 24 hour anneal was found to affect the creep rate con--
sidera'11y. Testewe"re carried out at stresses of 50 psi to 300 psi for
one to nine years, with a resulting maximum creep rate of 2.3% per annum. A
marked increase in the creep rate was noted at a stress referred to as the creep
yield stress; the offset of the temperature on this *critical" stress was observed.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A 03100040001-4
Oriffi;
1948
Pron. Roy* Aero. Soc. 52, p, 1
Creep curves for an Ni"Cr a Loyd ; o -4 WA a ":
e c ' I c.,'"\
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 Approved For R ;ease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926P 3100040001-4
AUSTMUC L , 0. T. ftrrU and W. & balls"
:'? 26, Avg* pps 189-199,
iU p"yerti. of else sto#1 tubs used in teat
in relation to aetat cessixtg,
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 Approved For Retftse 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AGUa100040001-4
194
kLi iT RESISTING ST1FLS, L. F. JCee ey, Machinery Lloyd (Ove meas F-ditio ), v. 20,
At)r'i l Zo. p., An.., n
Con-Tiositiom acaling and creep; app1ioation .
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AQ03100040001-4
1948
A COMPARISON OF SOW CARBON MLYEBSNUM S ON, THE BAS7B OF VARIOUS CREEP
LTMI ,, A. E. Johnson and E. H. TapseI1, Proc. It. Mech. Eng., V. 159,
No. 40, pp. 165-172,o
Creep data on six carbon-molybdenum ateels are analyzed.
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 Approved For ReWase 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AON100040001-4,
1948
of the Inst. of Metals, v. 74, Jan, p. 259289.
TESTS AT CO ANT MOP STRESS ON IUD AND
"E a PIPE,
A method of testes lead and lead-alloy pipes at oca tant hoop stress,
91tating pressure adjustments. Prom the results, the rad - creep
considered to represent two different types of creep flow were de-
Sorg consideration is given to the nature of creep flow? and a
is developed to account for the results. Applications to some
.proble a cted with the use of lead sheath for high oitage pressure tables.
32. ref.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AN3100040001-4
x1ish 1948
HIGH T'PERATURE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF CAST Al 8i ALLOYS AND THEIR COb113TIDJTI0NAL
SIONIFTOANCE, W. I. Pumphrey and P. H. Jennings; Jour. ]fit. of Metals= V. 75,
No. 4.. Leo.. Pp 203-233.
ength temperature curves were obtained for ten alloys containing O-1
the equiaohesive temperature was determined for each alloy.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AQp3100040001-4
1948
A TROP! (F TRAWSINT Cam' IN MTALS, C. L. Smith; 'roc. Physical Society,
T. 61, No* 3, pp. 201-206#
on the motion of trapped dislocations rele ed by thermal fluctuations,
a theor, of transient creep is formulated. As creep progresses, higher activation
energies are required for the release of farther dislocations, all the low energy
dislocations having been gradual .y released. The creep strain a is found to
be proportional to the ratio of the absolute temperature T and the time t less
that ration times exp(-ct) where c is a constant; that is,, a-kT [1-exp(-ct)J/t.
Results obtained with zinc single crystals, copper, and lead are in agreement
with those predicted by the theory.
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 Approved For R0ease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AQ93100040001-4
1948
CREEP a
Wioug
u-ti~ S
ItJBJBCTED TO COMPI SSION STS, A. B. Sully. 0. M. Cole. tt.
-ure, V. lb 1, Sept. pp. 441t-412.
Creep tests in compression is conducted at a constant load on some typical
oreep*resistant nickel-chromium alloys. The results compared with which
obtained in tensile creep tests are reported as followis
1. The creep-rate in the secondary stage is approximately the same in
both tests.
2. Tertiary creep occurs in compression as well as in tension and its
onset in compressive tests occurs at approximately the same time as in timr and
tensile taste.
The main difference between these two in the tertiary stage is that in
test, creep proceeds at an accelerating rate until fracture, but in
compressive tests creep proceeds in a series of accelerating and decelerating
rates.
The reason for this is explained by the author as that in compressive creep
the fissures in boundaries making large angles to the direction of the applied
stress cannot form as readily as in the case of tensile creep, so that creep may
proceed by a series of hardening processes, due perhaps to the blocking of dis-
locations and to recovery processes akin to the onset of recrys*Rlization. These
These hardening .,nd recovery processes may be localized in material adjacent to
the grain boundaries due to the stress concentrations in their regions brought
about by flow in the boundaries,
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 Approved For R&Jease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100040001-4
sla
r
1948
Tapse and Ridley, R. W.; Proc. Inst. of Mach. Wis. London, 153, P. 181.
Long term creep data for C-o steels.
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 Approved For RWease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A4613100040001-4
1948
THE SIUONIC SERXF OF ALLM - THEIR APPLICATION TO GAS TURBINE RESIGN,, Kond
Nickel Co., Ltd.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A09?100040001-4
1940
N
UN?, AND X--RAY S CTRO ;TFR. H. J. psall
V
Po3
1 x
#
.
.
of Scientifio Instruments and of PbyVios in Irkiustrys
ad in the study of the meclmnic a :proper i es of met
#
o a
n
realtion to X-ray atruct ?r particularly their creep behavior at elevated
t peMtu3res. Set. feats peiuit X-ray examination at various times during
stretching, Ind while the speoi n In oeraiI1 tit + out its aria and the Xara'
oeoi~ti in its plans,
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A &3100040001-4
1948
A. CONSTANT-STRESS APPARATUS FCR THE SUTZ Cif THE CREEP PRAPRRTI OF PLASTICS
A. O. Ward and R. R. Marriott, Jct. Scientific Irmstruments, V. 25, No. 5,
pp. 147-151 w
A constant stress is mintained with the help of a caiaj the load decreases
with the reduction in cross-sectional area. The constant stress extrusion
apparatus can be used for elongations of up to 54%.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A 3100040001-4
194
A. H. Sul3 rs G. N. COLD and G. Willoughby; tture, London 162, p. 111.
sign of a creep testing machine for compression,
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 Approved, For Rase 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AQ 3100040001-4
England 1948
DEVICE FOR INT. .INING CONSTANT STRESS IN A ROD UNI RGOINC PLASTIC EXTENSION,
E, N Da Cos 'roc* of Phpa. Soc. V. 60, ,rob,
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 Approved For Fease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-009263100040001-4
1948
\.*, t, u -4
at. R LA COITMU N DU RLUArF ET DE LA. PM AZATT3N (C arison of Creq, and
fl iasation), Pierre Laurent, and M, .che). EuA rj, nptea Paned, v. 227, Ji y 26
P. 259-2$1.
Mal method, applied at room tempera
for the creep o
,
an Al alloy oontaining 9.7% Ga. Comparison of results with theoretical ones
on the 8v3zmann prioip1 x hawed satisfactory a
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AQP3100040001-4
F MA -j C- C-
1948
:REEF AND REI RATIONS Pierre Laurent and Michel Eudier; Revue deg Metallurgia,
. kg_ Mn- IA- 948
a!a_r~es
pp
The mathematical relationship between creep and relaxation, Of the three
variable , load, ti r". and deformation,, the first is kept constant and the
relation between the other two is obtained in creep tests 1 in relaxation
experiments,, the last variable is kept constart and the relation between the
other t is observed.
Experiments w-it# a 9% Cu-aluminum alloy yield curves which correspond to
those obtained theoretically only at low temperatures. The discrepancy between
the high temperature experimental and theoretical valme is presumably due to
Inadequate evaluation of the temperature effect in the theory.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AQ03100040001-4
1948
Comptes Rendus. V. 227, July 26, Pp. 25961, Uichel Eudier,
A new experimental method,, applied at room temperature, for the creep of
ones based on the Bolzmann principle thawed satisfactory arei
ay agreement.
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 Approved For Lease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926 03100040001-4
1948'
1\t ic' 0(ry
TIC CREEP OF C AT HIGH TEWE T 8, C. Cruse
25,E e. p? 2471-247,41 2484,
Ihdusiris.'
sop owe for mss are oc pared Vd.th there for metals, Crew recovery
irreversible, inee the aaae fora of Brave is found f
t
t r me
als,
call, and 9145803,o the reason for creep cannot be ea i t e of a particular
u
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 Approved For ease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AN3100040001-4
nce? 1948
ON TO THE 8 C OF LOW AST 8TT WITH TITAN ADDI?IO
RUT RESISTANT STRUC URAL PAR.tS. G. Dalhart- L Po"taszllY!_ and A_ lohn
Four t'pes of low-91167 Steele were inss tigated from the poi*st of view
of their heat stability, *astability arxi m foal properties.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A903100040001-4
Fr=oe 1948
COf 1'RIRUTION A L tETU )E SOU CC+ 1 . :1T A CHAThD DES AC'JRS AUTSTENITTQLE8 ET
ITIQt1E5 L? :RIVANT DU TUBE 18-8. Cont~ribution to the Shy of the
A 'E14o - i It
Ri.;gh-?Teinperat er Behavior of Austenitic and stenitic-Ferritio Steele of the
Modifted-18 8 )., J. Soo1mann~ Rave de Meta 1urgie, v. 45,, I1*y'dune,
t of investigation indicate that austenitic-ferritic steels are superior
as regards cni.1 strength and freedti fraen sudden failure at elevated
temperatures (500 to ?C). Also rscom*nds use of Ti, Ta, or Cb as a31oy
additions.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AQ03100040001-4
194
ING AND ITS RESULTS AS APPLIM) TO TICS D ION OF GAS
e de Meta lur rie, v. 45, Oot, 3948, p. 361-373.
Different methods of creep testing, Results indicate that the most aaeum
are obta :rmak by lord-time creep testing of Simple and notched speoi sne.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AQP3100040001-4
France 1948
REEP AND RES 1.TION OF DRAIN STEEL WXRffi AT ROOM
de Net .11urgie, V. 45, Oot. pp. 411--,4U.
Robert de Stryokerf
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AQ43100040001-4
4`.
1948
IC KEIT DES MA8TXZ1TA1Sl&ODUl.2 RIt VETALLE (Th.
,r noe of the 91aetieitr Modulus of re Metals) Werner
f ' Z :iteohrift fur Mata1ikvxnde, Y. 39, Jan. p. 1-9.
The above was determined for 32 very pure metals from -ISeC to the malting
point, or up to about fO?C, by determining the characteristic vibration
freque les of tray verses vibrating bare. 31 ref.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AQ03100040001-4
C ror y 1948
OR TO THE QUESTION OF TM DR 'INITION OF THE CREEP' STRENGTH aF LIGHT
.go Vossk lhler; Z. Ibtallkunde, W. 39j, No. 3, Pp. 79-87.
With few exceptions,, the creep curves of light metals become parallel to
the time ands after about 1000 days. Thus a true value for the creep strength
can be obtained. The total elongation at fracture cannot be correlated id th the
load, as it can increase ordecrease with inoreasing load. At extensions of
about 0.0O45%/hr a point of inflection dependent on the temperature and on the
material generally occurs. Recamaendatio s as to the duration of short time
creep tests are =de for various creep rates for alb and magnesium alloys.
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 Approved For ,.Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926,0003100040001-4
1~cti~v.. u.r+
wmw 19th'
TO O MP STRMTH OF MAGNESIUM . -C S, Rugo Vos sl ler; Z. Metal kund,, V. 39,
Nb 7, pp? 193--2O4.
Clea lly at low to pe xaturea the creep strength of forging alloys is
superior to that of cast alloys, while the reverse is t r at high temperatures.
Urge grain-sizes are best at high temperature, and sal grain sizes at low
texperakares. Alloys prone to reerystaUization passes lower creep properties
than those which-are not susceptible to reorystaflisation at the test tempera-
tures. A +orrelatior of the tensile and creep properties was attempted.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AQQ3100040001-4
1948
rep ted by the Canadian Bareau of tines,
a STRAIN GAG ,w Iron Age, v. 162, Dec 23, P. 59.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A993100040001-4
194
Th T N 0p rE TING& H. V. Kineey, Canadian Metals 0-nd sta Uurgi l
:I: ustries, v. U, Junes Pe ig--220 34.
Canadian laboratory facilities iron measuring creep of metals at
temperatures up to 14 .
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 Approved For Tease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AQ03100040001-4
eonven'1
x nsometer as reported by the Canadian Bureau of lim eS. This method is said
to be simple, accurate, and sensit4 ,, and woide the problem of attaching
1948
WITH I E C AI1J #I 3, 'ei1actrical I~Wineerlng. v. 67, Nov. p. 1049.
se of SR-4 bonded res t e-'ware strain gages instead o
inconvenient us chatic al devises to test sge#imens.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AQ0100040001-4
1948
JR DIE DAM T FESTIQKEIT VON ZINK ?OIERUNW,. ( Crew Strength v:
L
R
)
.c
; 0.
. C. leesner, 8chweiaer A ohiv, v. 14, 1. 147.156 Jane
It 9150%
long-time creep tests are. investigated and reault+e are diecueeed.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AQ 3100040001-4,
1948
UDR D I' UFRSTAND asT1t T VON I Q tt , (Creep Resistance of Zinc
moo ) 0. H. 0. essner, Schweizer Archie fur angswandte 1issenschgft and
Teohn , v. 14 Marcaho p. 86-941 April, p* 118-127.
of zinc is very law, but may be it reased by proper treat
-
,
ngth varies with composition but much more influenced b
y
f faab CSation, such as heat treatment and wo*ing. No definite
.onship between creep strength and grain Size or structure found, nor
min a U O~&
d '1 -- L- -J - ._ ? ,. - _ _ _
an
med to be inter al slip in the crystals.
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 Approved For Rshease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AQ03100040001-4
TRW OF DETE IwTxaw or Iy t 8X81&N E OF METALS TO F'RI TE
ST
11 Russian)
0. V. ahfkres
I
a
,
S
m IC
y
A"USMI Nauk SS,,, Otdelenie Teknichsak kh
-h of +Yw Aaadem r f a
i
encee of the U05,10 Section of Tech. Saierdes)
(. a
r Method peX ?ts easy solution of the prab1me of *bectlute
u of rseia-
o air and tear at each moment of deformation. Typictal data for two
" r
resultae of other methods of testing. 10 ref.
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 Approved For R lease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AN3100040001-4
EVALUATION (T 'HE TOUGfiNESS OP THE IttSCS OF STRAW MIAs (Tn iasj )
Y. F. Y&chenko, 1tloturbbstrnonie (Boiler and, Turbine Manufacture),
.r. Ap t. 194a, p? 19-22
In ?vuIustii the touglmess of the disks of steam turbine, the method
of double < .ouiation is applied fiirst, using t1 influence of the "strain"
of the rim and eonneotions and strain in the. di skj the method of triplo c .cula.
Lion introduces the rim coefficient. 19 ref.
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 Approved For RI'f?ease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926Ab3100040001-4
Russia 1948
WIG PRXNCIPLFB FoR DE LOPMT ' HUT RISISWT ALLE (In Runs ) K. A.
Qsipov, Dok1aOdY Akademii Nauk SSSR (Reports o:? the Academy of $ca noes of
the MR), yr 60, June 21, p. 1535-1538.
obtained from curves of density of the electronic states and clharacteristie
of each component give. eluos for sueh predictions.
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 Approved For RWease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AIW3100040001-4
x.948
",:, -- i.,4r-.E
IES N XBLE T ( i &T SM ILX4r`Y OF BE Rf. 3EMt7T}S WTAT.T'.Ttl AT.t_
Wear VA 40-W )i IL OW S$r. Ve 09P `"0t? I* Pb 493-49
mentioned were iwrestigated for a aeries of ternary and q~
is malting potnto of the components, the in factors ixolved
Co ltion of the intermediate phase? and its dependence
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AM3100040001-4
Russia
TH ROLE CF *D IAC.n T24i1 THE PROCESS OF CREEP, (In Russian), Z. A. Oding,
lzvestiya Akademli Rauk SSSR, Qtdelenie Tekhnicherskjkh M auk (Bulletin of the
.cadet' of Soler aes of the tTSSR, Section of Technical Rciences) Dec. p. 1795-1802.
Analyzes all possible meehaniems for. strengthening and weakening of metals
dieting creep on the basis fo the theory of dislocation. Application of title
Theory in said to resolve certain controversies concerning the mechanism of
creep process. Describep an additional mechanism of mtk veaking caused by
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 Approved For Rase 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A0M3100040001-4
1948 1v k-
R AXATION AND CREP 0 mET OONSIDMNG NONUNI?ORU DIST ThUTICN OF STfSES.S,
(In Russian) # I. A. Oding, Izveatiy a, Akademii uk 8&S, Otdelenie Tschnicheskikh
Na k (Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Section of Technical
Scier es),. Oct. p. 1561?1575.
Investigation assured that plastic defor tion prodeede by means of diffusion
plasticity in the initial sections of the curves of creep and relaxation. On
the basis of the diffusion equation, formu]a a are proposed for initial sections
of relaxation and creep cruvee, corresponding well with experimental data.
10 ref.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AQ03100040001-4
Russia 1948
4 k-'^? k' L f 7
A't ,"I5 C ` SOME CHAPACTFRISTICS OF THE STRENGTH OF METALS AT HIGH T MPERATURES,
1. A. flding; Zavod. Lab. (in Russian), V. 14.4 No. U, pp. 3365-1377.
A mathematical analysis of the creep and relaxation of metals at high
temperature.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A@93100040001-4
:u c 3 , ale me Ts)he
:CITY IN UWALLIC X- LO
Section of Teehulml
for the ear tion of the mahani
e e .tteze, a sts r*g the predet t
tier of the ez st1w phase# of tm he,
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AWS100040001-4
1948
XN LUENCR OF ALLOYING ELEU CB THE T L ST4BXLiU or CH iau NICKEL
E 3Nl (In Russian), A. X. oorzdiIca Doklady Akadezij Nauk 88SR (Reports
of the Aaade r of Sciences of the USSR , ue'w ser. v. 63, Nov. 21, p. 265-267
see of W. No, Ti,, and Cb on the heat resistance of CI-Bi
marked difference in atomic diameterwt of the above elements and
and Ni is the main cause of the increase in creep strength of the
its higher heat resistarnee.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A*03100040001-4
2.948
ONGA `ION " P?3LycRTs *LL3' SILICON IRON (4.2% 81) IN THE TE RATt PAY39 r R=
-'1,1 ?C + 800?C. (In Russian), G. N. Kojesniko!v, Z. S. Xakovleva, and
X. V. '!akutovioh, Zhurnal T.khnicheskoi ?iz ki (Journal of Technical Pbisics)
v. 18, Nov. p. 1449.1455?
Diagrams of elongation of the above may be classified in two different
pupas Slow temperature" end thigh temperature". Dependence of resistance
to deformation, uniform eloxa ration, and sum of elongation and "quasi" uniform
elongation on temperature.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A3100040001-4
Russ
194
ON OF THE TEPERtA E COEFFICIENT OF THE MODULI OF STICITT OF
AL IN B1ND1W p A. N, halinkovich and I. V. it n j Zavod. Lab.
), V. 14, No. 7, pp* 839-842.
Determinati.or of the modulus of elastioit t of steel and elinvar sheets as
as 0.4 mm in the to agerature range -50? to +10O?C.
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 Approved For Rase 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926ADW100040001-4
1948 7 o, 'u
R ATIONSRTP B WFFN MELTING POINTS RESIS'. CB To HI{HH T KF&TURflS O"
ALIOYSx (In Ruesian), K. A. Oeipav. Kodladp Akade ij uk SSSR (Repork r)f the
oz. ,cie noee of the t R) Y. 61,0 July
Attem s to + tabiieh ra tionehip for a series of binaryr al.lo
Co.Ni and .Ni). The method of inveatigatio'n.
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 Approved For Re ase 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A 6100040001-4
Russo '9
CRP ft3T TiU ?t FOR LIG}IT ,AL17F8 (In Russian) t. L. Portnai and A. V. Itudner.
Zavodskaya Laboratoriya (T&ctcry Laboratory), 7.
Aga , p. 935-9900
or long and short-time creep tests at to ratu1 ea from 350 to 400'C
This machine is characterized by its eisrplicitya corapvctnass, and ease of
production in indnstria2 shops. Details of construction and examples of tests
performed., with corresponding diagrams.
Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A003100040001-4
 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A66N100040001-4
1948
C O k P A R A V ; W T S ON CREEP tf'' A FMNG &EC IMEN IN BENDING AND CF A CYLINIJRICAL
'cxi IN mN81ow, (in ; ian . I. A. 4ding and S. Is. .t v, Zavodskaya
Laborator: a (Factory Laboratory , v. 34, May p. $95.607.
7.
of rim apsaimen for the crew test. Shape and done
d. Test apparatus, including electrical circuit and a comparison
obtained from such epeoimens with that from t2 usual type of speoi
Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100040001-4
 Approved For R&ease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926P993100040001-4
9948.
BALL Sx C TEST MACHINE, (In Asian), U. L. Bernahtein, Z vodnkala
boratoriya (Factory Laboratory)r . v. 14j Jmev P- 760-761.
Now a aratus; 22" x 20" x 18*p and its characteristics.
Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100040001-4
 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A.QD3100040001-4
1949
A.4~L 4,?Y7.~
141) Rt7 'T' E PII PsRT:[ TE SF'E RATt# -RgS S IAA'
MATERIAL
f FATIOUB 8TRB88, B. J. iaaanj roo. ASYM,, V. 49, pp. 757--787. UAWISH
The limitations of static testing and the importance of dynamic creep and
rupture properties in designing for high-temperature service are discussed.
Newly developed dynamic testing machines and measuring equipment for determining
creep and. *upture properties are described. Bata on several temperature--resis--
taut materials are presented within mean-stress alternating stress Coordinates
to show the influence of dynamic stress on creep and tiros to rupture. The
relationships between testing tem erature and dynamic stress and their influence
an MYt
M .n A"A
- L - _
are
rese
Cree
and
e
,-
p
'"A" "I resistance during
. the _ ---
~o teats is discuss*-
d in terms of possible metallurgical charges
CaUSed by cyclic asisr? nm#e .K..,.a__a_a _L- ._
caused by the superposition of cyclic stress on tensile preload.
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a 1949
D. I+Iibahn, American Society for Metals, HOold Working of
Factars that may affect the shape of & strain-tjM e. Suggests tilt
8t a -tea. r .a'ionshipe based upon fundamental characterfstice of deformation
shot' apply over a wide ranges of conditions. Lilaited to *reap during which
recovery a tuber transformatjorns do not occur. 3D ref.
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United States 1949
Cam?-TT RELATIONS FOR POL!S NE USSR TE ION, BENDING, AND T{ ION,
Joseph Karin and Der go Cuff; Proc. AST B. 49, pp. 12,58-3,180.
The infl rwe of the magnitude of the stress and time upon the creep defor-
mations was determined for each of the foregoing t pee of stress. Contorl
tests and stress-strain or load-deformation relations were obtained for sinple
tension, compression, simple bending, pure bending, and torsion. Creep values
for bending and torsion derived from creep-tension data agreed with the measured
values.
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1949
~ A=i8 Al HIGZ! iEMPATMi. 1C. A. Os .po'v- Metal Pro
&A.
ress V
g
.
Bad on three papers in Dokiady Akademii Nauk SSSR.
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United States
1949
CREEP, S. P. Popov; Jour. Applied Physics., V. 20, No. 3
A method of calculating stresses and deflections for beams whose material
creeps is presented in this paper. Complete tension c reap test data at constant
temperature are used to define creep characteristics of the material. They by
using Bernoulli's hypothesis of plane sections and the techniques developed
earlier for interpretation f the relation creep tests, a method of beam analysis
is shown. Stresses and defections may be calculated for any desired time
interval, This includes the time prior to the occurrence of the steady state
creep. The latter aspect appears to have been ignored by others
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United States 1949
MECHANISM C STEAD!-STA-Z OM P IN METALS, B. 0. Rightmiree; Physical Review,
Y. 75, No* lo, p.1627.
e uehman relation for steady state creep namely that the stress varies
lineaa,y with the logarithm of the strain rate, leads to the deduction that
about 1000 atoms are present in a flow unit. But since the activation energy
values lead to flow units of the order of 10 atoms,, it is necessary to postulate
that the flow units are dislocations which move in segments rather than as a
whole] one atom at a time jumps and the others follow one by one. On this basis,
and with the use of absolute reaction rate theory, it is possible to compute
the number of atoms in a dislocation, and the velocity and concentration of
dislocations. Calculations were made for aluminum, silver, and platinum. In
the case of aluminum, it appears that there that there are few fast moving die-
locations; this may explain the presence of slip bands.
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1949
co tR t TXo1 (7 TE 9ION CREEP TESTS WITH RELAXATION TH$ , IrTir Roberte 16al.
of Applied etm ae, v.16, Trans. of the Amer., c sty of Mechanical. Engineers,
11,, June , p. 208.
ArAlyt al solutio>sss to the bolt relaxation problem, based upon empirical
creep-datA equations, may be obtained by direct substitution rather than by
differentiation and integration, as was done by. Soderberg, Popov, and Rousnsr.
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es 19,49
APfLI floN OF RUCTION RATE PRINCIPLES TO SO M CAANICAL PRRTI OF MATERIAL
Edward Saibal., Trans. of the NewTork Acade of Soienaa, Ser. 2,, V. 13, Feb,
p. 135-147.
How the above has been accomplished in several cases. Such posna as
creep, viscosity,, and fatigue can only be fully explained by application of
physical principles analogous to these of chemical reaction. Discussion
of theory of t1e rate of propagation of fracture cracks in mistals. 18 ref.
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1949
P t01 RTIES OF POLZST!RENE, J. A. saner, J. Main and C. 0. 1 iao;
our. Applied. Physics. T. 20, No. 6, , pp. 507--517.
The anelastic behavior of polystyrene has been studied by means of creep
tests under long-time load application andby means of damping capacity tests
under rapidly varying repeated loading. Tensile creep data taken at various
amplitudes reveal that the log of the creep rate (at 1000 hours) varies
early with the log of the stress amplitude. A similar type of variation
obtained when damping capacity or energy absorbed per cycle is plotted against
trees amplitude. From these two sets of data, the creep rate is found to be
proportional to the square of the damping capacity. It would thus appear
possible, for polystyrene at least, to predict 1000-hour creep rates from ashort-
measurements of absorbed energy under dynamic loading conditions.
The data obtained from the creeping and damping tests,, together with
additional data from short-time tension and compression tests, seem to be con-
sistent with an internal structure in which, the linear polymer chains and groups
of chains are in ordered or partially extended position, but in which, in the
absence of stress, no preference is a hewn for any particular direction. Under
the action of stress, particulari'.ly if the stress is maintained for a long
period of time, a tendency exists for the ordered regions to orient in the
direction of the applied stress. The so-walled scrazing" condition which has
been observed to occur in the creep specimen is probably a manifestation of
this orient ion.. X-ray evidence appears to support this point of view.
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1949
PUS;
CREFP,, Howard Scott, Metal Progress, T. 55, Mean p. 343-344o
us with conclusion in Feb. 1948 issue that there is no correlation
between ones and tensile strength. Defends use of complex "practical" allo
which although containing at least eight or nine metallic components, behave in
a regi .ar predictable manner.
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1949
FOR TMBINE ALLO s N. 0. Sweeny, Metal progress, v. . 55, .
of present nechaniaa1Otest methods for us* in high-temperature
alloys and fields where further irwestigation would be likely to be profitable.
_
k on fundamental metallurgy as well as on test methods is condidered
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194
T TINGx MATIR~90AT HIGH T 'ERATURE,t F.
40Q Angineerir.
stress' e'traine atreaa-rup ,s cramp,, relaxation, az fatigu
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Cited states
1949
EFPGT OF PR TRAINm TEKPFTURE3 ON TIC RECOVERY OF COID 1) I? ALUMINUM,
T E. Tieta, R. A. Anderson, and J., E. Dorn, Jrtl of tal?j (?Tara.) v. 1,
Don
T sf
th
A
. . o
e
sz~er. Inat . of Mining and leta11urgicai 1g1neeare,
'_ 185
?
9
9
.
-
, p.
?
chanioal properties of cold worked metals depend not only on in-
stantaneous values of strain, atrain rate and temperature, but on the
entire past history of tempezstue and strain rate during prestraining.
Observations app' ar to suggest that .direr temperatures of prestralning
induce formation of smaller or otherwise more readily activated die1ocaties.
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1nited States 1949
NIS C P CREEP IN METALS G. R. Wks Jni.. of the Amer. Boo. of Naval
Zngi ere, v. 61, Nov. p. o-907.
Jn1o
the Institute of Metals, v. 75, Apr. p. 693-746
he meahaniem by which a metal deforms at elevated temperatiree differs
normal temperature, and hcmr the difference depends on the rate of
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1949
states 3*0
REPORT OF JOINT COMMITTEE ON EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE PROPERTIES OF METALS.
American Society for Testing Materials# rota* v. 49 1949, p? 241-255a
Includes brief appendices an follo s *Effect of Variables on the Creep
Resistance of $te.is" (H. C. Crows); "Stability of Steels as Affected by
Temperature* (J. J. Kanter) j and "High-Temperature and Low-Temperature Testing
Equipment in the 'United States" (results of a questionnaire).
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meted States 1949
ION OF H FAT RESISTANT STS I.. J. B. hnry
i
P'od"^4- .,
--- - 2-
g
na
,
'a tors influencing steals the high-tem
erat+
i
p
aerv
ae include strength,
ductility`s and fatigue resistance at operating temperatures, as well as resistance
to oxidation and corrosion caused by other media in contact wtih the, metal. (To
be continued).
ON OF BUT RESISTANT ST LS, 11. V. 200 Aug. p. 113-115.
Effects of extended exposure on mechanical properties; embrittle cent,
intergranu r precipitatlo; thermal stresses; and relative costs.
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,e$ 1949
,'i C-' -T:AL ALLOTS US TH?EXIAL SHOCK PYS-10T NCI NEEDED FOR TUR i"i BLADES,
act -sn ineering, v. 20, Jt , B. 150-151
Investigation of an allay containing 80% TIC and 20% Co conducted at the
MCA I~ r .s JAboratory to determ ne, resiFtarioe to thermal shock,, short-tierce tensile
Ctren1;th at elevated ternperz tares, and performance characteristics under simulated
s price test conditions.
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United States 1949
8 , NOTR C P E C L AIRCPAF ELENTS j Munitions Board Aircraft Co mittee,
AN;C-5a, May, 109 pga.
Meohsn cal properties of alloy, Carbon, Stainless, Bearing,, heat,
resistant ahd ecrrosior: resistant steels, as well as Al and Ug alloys.
52 ref.
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Sates 1949
COMPARISON OF HIGH TEMW?A' ALLOYS 2STED AS BLA.D 3 IN A TYPE B"+F 3t *LP t-
E C1i R, W. C, Stewart and R. C. ..i.nghaueent Trans. AS Z,, V. 71, Aug. pp. 6613-620.
The need for test information concerning the high temperature strength
characteristics and stability of gas turbine alloys beyond that provided by
stress-ruptures creep, and gas erosion tests is discussed. The practicability
of testing a number of alloys in the form of blMdee in an air-craft, turbo-
super-obarger operated as a gas turbine is pointed out. By this procedure,,
bides of 12 different allays am simultaneously tested, since the rotor contaaiia
142 blades. Tests on both wrought and cast alloy blades were made at eight
temperatures, ranging from 3.2 1500?F, and for as long as 1 bra. Measure-.
its. of the extension of the blades are presented graphically.
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ited States 1949
T COMPARATIVE CREEP PROPERTIES OF SSWERAL TIPES OF CO 'FRCIAL GOPPF88,
A. D. Schuope, E. F. Smith, and L. R. Jackson; dour. of Metals, V. 1, No. 7,
joly pp. 409-416. (AIMS TP No. 2605E).
The effect of cold work on the creep characte tics of tough-pitch and
of C+'HC coppers, weal' unalloyed and silver bearing, has been determined for tempera-
tures from 2000 to 572 F. The most important results are:
1. Cold work increases the creep strength of copper} however, the benefit
from cold mark is lost at temperatures where reorystal lisation is rapid. These
temperatures vary with the amount of cold work and the type of copper.
2. The addition of silver to either tough-pitch or OF$EG copper raises the
temperature at which rapid recryatallization occurs; the effect is appro'l tely
seine on both pas of copper.
. While additions of silver effectively loner the creep rate of both
ough- pi eh and OFRG copper as sold worked, the silver-bearing 4FFE copper has
a marked lower creep rate than comparable tough-pitch copper.
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ttesd States 1949
v
,rAw I 'WING PROM S FOUND TQ AFVECT CRP- TO-R1P T!$TS, G.
and R. J. Italia, Steel, v. 126, Aug, 22, p? 99?
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tee 1949
E?CT OF M A ACTt3RI PRACTICE ON C1 P AND CFMEP RUPTURE STR TR OF LOW
CARBON STEEL, G. V. Smith and 9. J. Dclis; Proo. ASTN, F. 49, pp. 584601.
Comparative sweep to rupture tests at 0$0?F on twelve heats of low-.carbon
do by different melting and deoxidation practices show a rather wide
arced stress for rupture in 10,000 hr* ranged from 12,000 to 2D,000 psi,
.
observed stress to produce a mint'um creep rate of 0.1% per hr. ranged
10 000 to 32,000 pi? Silicon deoxidised steels were stronger than alumimta
oxidized steels. An specimen "necked in" and shared severely elongated
grains at the fracture. Notch impact values and hardness determined on specimens
subected to creep tests but before rupture indictted that no important de-
terioration ac curred in ordinary nechmnical properties.
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'anted Staten 1949
Ems' SPIN TESTS OF BALDER JET ENGINE )i'MS, N. B. Saldin and P. 0. Duff, Jrj
Trans. ASNE, V. 71, Aug. pp, 605.612.
The creep-tupture and d utility characteristics of materials are of greatest
izportarae to the designer of high-temperature rotating parts. `our-bladed
discs were tested in a facility that was designed to spin the rotors in as
near engine operating conditions as possible. The tests were made in accordance
with a predeternined schedule of temperature gradient, temperature and speed.
It wasfound that the characteristics type of failure appears to have a direct
relationship to the magnitude of the ductility for a given material. Of the
wj.
strength and ductility, although the Timken 16-25-6 materia3 as
r
d~
p
+ cess
e
, was slightly stronger than the standrad 19.9--U.
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ite4 States 1949 ILA
VAT D-T# I PEF 'U# COI PFES`spj S SS-zT'i j DATA pUR 2 N
STET AND COM?AUSONS MITI? EXTJL'ED 75S-T6 ALWH AZT.+OYj, Wi.Uiam M. Rloi,ert
aim ecrge J. iI merl; AGE Tech. Note. No. 1837, Mar. llpp.
Results are presented of compressive stress-straw tests of 245-T3 alb
sheet at -m+&$%41 ic
d
l
e
e
evated temperatures up to 7C s. exposure times of
one with extruded 755-76 aluminum allo are ncluded, ~ ~rsaral.
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1949
THE EFFECT OF BT ?A TEMPERATURE HISTORY OR Tim FLCW AND FRACTURE CH&RACTERISTICS
AN . 1ELD STEEL, E. J. Ripling and O. Saohss Jiui. of Metals, Y. 1, sego. 3
Feb.. p. 78-90.
axperi; ttal work on * loan-carbon, 2.75% Si steel. Conclusions
rd g the effect of straining a ferritic material at one teaperature on
-., fracture and flow oharaeteriatlas at some other tamperatura. U ref.
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United States 1949
HIGH TEUFWA' CHARACTERISTICS OF HEAT RE61BTMT ALW , Noes
P utt Engimaring, v. 20,$ Sept. p. 163.
Data sheet.
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 Approved Food elease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-0092rm*003100040001-4
1949
G i-TWP ATVI ' DE'4RU7TON C RA.CTE ISTIC"n C r SEV 5FAL SHEET ALLO S
,
es Miller and Men Guarnieri, Trans. ASM. V. 41, pp. 167-193.
Prom short times constant rate tensile tests at elevated temperatures true
stress true strain characteristics have been determined for five different types
of a-Uoy+s over a range of temperatures and strain rates. The alloys used i
SAN 1020, regular Tneonel
, Inconel X, annealed 8-816,, and cold rolled S-F3l6.
,
An attempt mss nude to use the data as a means of learning more about the mechanics
of deformation at elevated temperatures through determination of the activation
energies involved. The increase in such energy values with decrease in stress,
as me found for all materials, was attributed to the effect of elastic distortion
on the crystal lattice. A simplified mechanism of deformation is described using
these characteristics, and the relationship of the flow process to metallic
diffusion is pointed onto
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 Approved For.Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-009264.003100040001-4
United States 19f
TS OF T W " Rte T AND UA TE! &L STR CTURE ON THE PUCT RE PROPERTIES
DIW1-CAP. N STEEL. Julius MUclawitz. erioan Society for T.et1n
uaterrisi
g
a
Effects of variations in temperature f t,eeting, size of grain, and type
of pearlite in the structures of a 3i-killed Si-A1-ciXled steel on ductility
OVA
th
e
rer~g
were determined. Apparatus and t
at results. Micrographs shoe
t
,rup
ures resulting from various thermal treatments.
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e 1949
THE CREEP AT 2 0 0 ? C SOJM A G M I U M I J CONTAI MG CIR:Iu, G. A.
Mellor am R. W. Raney, Jni of the :fist. of tale, v. 75, Apr* g. 679-692,
A number of . the alloys were tested as oast, as rolled, and an rolled aimed
heat treated. Little advantage was gained by increasing the Ce content beyond
2 *-2%., Rolled Alloys are markedly inferior to cast alloys unless they are
solution tread;. Slight age hardening took place in elloyi containing 0.5-6% Co.
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id States 1949
1 t} NCI O F 3 ' T ? l '1 E ON TME S TT -STRAT E TMGY R ' `I ONSTJ1:P FOR CCPPER AND
NICXM OPP"ER ALLOY, D. J. Adam, drj" :Door. of Meta3.s, F. 1. No. 101 Oct.
pp. 727'.74O (AT . TP No. 27039).
Results derived from tension tests of noteehed o l.indr1cai specimens of
monel and o Men-free Cu at strain rates a little slower than those ordinarily
used in tension tests as,rid at tex peratures of -188 to +165?C. 23 references.
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teats 1949
T OF PV AT13G LOAAS ON THE CI P CHARACTERISTICS OF ALRMZ fUM ALl3Z 148-.4,
Caine; ?roc. ASTM, V. 49, pp? 788.8039
This papas describes a creep-rupture testing machine in which oscillating
and steady loads be applied. 'his mac 3ne was developed to check the in4
t uenoe of ad a small oscillating stress to the steady stress in a creep..
rupture teat. he results of a series. of tests at 404?F of 14 .T alumin alloy
peoimens under an oscillating stress of 10% of the mean stress are reported.
The effect of this oscillating stress depends on the magnitude of the mean
Stress. A possible explanation of the tests results is discussed.
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Dnited States 1949
SiMULTa OUS AGI AND MOM" ITON IN MgTAL ,: J. D. L zbahn; Jour. of metals,
V. 1, No. 10, Oct. pp. 7O2-708 (ATE TP No. 26973).
Oonstard strain rate tensile tests, constant load creep tests, and variable
strain rate tensile tests were carried out on an age hardenablee aluminum alloy
to determine the effects of simultaneous aging and deformation. The fol o ing
unusual deformation characteristic, were observed# 1. discontinuous yielding
in a tensile test; 2. periodic sudden extensions in a constant load creep testj
3. failure ever to undergo gradual extension at a constant load; 4. unexpected
transients following a sudden rate change l 5. an ihverse rate effect where
an increase in flow stress beyond the transient is required to ssintain a smaller
strain rate.
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United States 1949
T} PROPERTIES +k` MO CAST MAtI*ESIUP R4RE 1 ARTII ALLO , Thoma3 9. Leontie;
Jour. of Metals, V. 1, No, 12, Dec, pp. 968-`983, AI TP. No. 2726E,
All the rare earth metals investigated enhance the strength, hardness, and
ep resistance of- nagnesium at room and elevate temperatures. The various
magnesium-rare earth metals may be rated in the following order of decreasing
tensile properties at room and elevated temperatures and creep resistance at
40D and 500 F3 1. msgnesium-did m um. 2, magnesium cerium-free Mischmetal.
3. gnesivumr-praseody tnlanthamn. 4. ' magnesittm4tisclm tal. 5. magnesium-
cerium, 6. magnesium-lanthanum. At 400?F the properties of magnesium didgmiu
allays are 20% to higher than those of magnesium-Mischmetal. The relative
effect of each rare earth metal on. the creep resieta a of magnesium at 60?`F
depends upon the c osition level and, to a certain extent, upon the grain use.
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'United States 1949
ANAL IS ! F' THE TE EP.ATURE COEFFICIENT OF 8MR, MODULUS OF ALU!UMM, Tying Sui
Keg Physical Reviews V. 76, No. 4, Aug. p. 579.
The rlicity and implicit contra but3-one to the temperature coefficient
o f t shear modulus of an alums crystal were investigated. It was found
that the explicityly temperature-dependent term contributed more than one-third
of the total temperature coefficient. This indicates that the shear modulus
cannot be regarded an a fanot1on of only the volume, even in an approximate way,
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United States
1949
AND RELAXATION PR?PER1I S OF TALE
,
V. 21, N. 239, pp. 2?. , 13.
. Johnson; Aircraft
The high temperature behaviors of a low carbon steel and an aluminum alloy
under complex stresses were investigated. The creep strain appeared to follow
the Misea- n ky sbear-strain energy criterion of yielding. The creep rate vs.
Saint Ver t-Misea equ Lion which assures theme material to be isotropic.
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1949
vvuu VXMR s .LNUUr .UtQNS
Jenkins and Thomss a. Diggee dour. Rese~arah reau gtd
T
s
ug. pp. 117-131. (RP 2o13). ? . 4.3,
A study was made of the effects of variations in both strain rate and
temperature on the Creep characteristics ib tension of cold-drawn ingot iron.
The third stage of creep began without necking or without the presence of cracks
of microscopic dimensions,, but considerable necking occurred in all specimens
tested to fracture. The resistance to creep in the second stage and the
resistance to fracture increased as the test temperature was decreased. The
strove required to initiate fracture also increased as the strain rate increased.
The general trend was for the ductility at fracture to increase with an increase
in the strain rate. The plastic extension at fracture decreased with an increase
in test temperature. The plastic extensic-n at the beginning of the third stage
was less than about 1%, except in specimens tested at relatively high strain
rates or at a low temperature. The fractures were predominantly trnasery attafine
in the tension tests with the different strain rates used at and below 600 F,
and intercryatalline at test temperatures of 700? and 800?F.
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 Approved For Rase 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AGO3100040001-4
meted States 1949
TIU . , . ITS PROSPECTS. T. . ITS PROPERI , R. 1. Jaffee and t. Z. CampbsU,t
Iron Age, yr 164,, `.y 2$ p. 46-51.
Also considers a taUurgica7 concepts in alto
a teria1 to high-temperature service.
applying the
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 Approved For.Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926 4003100040004-4
tted States 1949
INITIAL I JESTIGATION OF CAP.BIDD TYPE C1 RPA `&L (7 80% TITANIU)LCARBIDZ PTA"
2 COBALT FOR USE ASS GAS TURBINE MADE MATERIAL, Charles A. H fin, G. Mervin
Ault? ari Jams J. Dangler, National Advisory Cor 1ttee for Reponauties, Tech.
Note. No. 1836, Mar. 49 pps.
Performance in a quasi-service gas-turbine unit. Alloy blades were used In
the sane unit for comparison. E-levated-temperature, short-time tensie, and thermal
shook i.nvestigatioas were conducted on the cer l material. Results mere
encouraging. 10 ref.
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 Approved For lease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AD03100040001-4
Unit States 3.949
R MTXON OF P,$ATE COJeRESSIV STIMOTI AT ELEVATED
,
g
J. Rsiaerl and William M. Roberts. Natiox*1 Advisory Cam. for Aeeronautioec,
sal-instability tests of extruded 758-T6 Al-Alloy R-secticns at stabilized
atm'ea up to 6W F. Somata show that methods available for
l compressive stress at room temper-turee can be used at
-d temparaturse it the applicable compressive stress-strain auras is given.
Tom
gor
e
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-009261J03100040001-4
NIC UZ ALL07B FOR HIGH ThMP1 RATE' E APPLICATIOIe, A. C.
V. 41t Pp. 1220i4O.
%lcn is given on a new series of aast nialnel-abase hi
h '
g
vcuuvcu-w
, materials oontaircE Al, Mo. and Cr as the inci a31
i
I
t
c
ng ?
a an
.s. bap
test data at 1 16F show t}at a rvwber of the a111Q710 in the series have high
rupture strengths than the beset of the cobalt-base sateriaia mm in use. Theme
&UO73 also have eZce: nt oxidation and moderate fate strength. Alth h,
4--A-N-
aam to ac b -be
.
es
Ah, i m , these allele hm 1.ow elongation and isat
-
b
b
~e
pro
a
l, that they are suitbl f i
aeor icy"ndustrial a pplicatiena,
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A 03100040001-4
1949
REP CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPRESSION MOLDED POLYE? ,ENE, 0. R. Go
ugs, and W. C. Ellis J ':roc. ASTM T. 49, 1949, pp. 1139.1157.
J. D.
Data are presented on the creep properties at various stress levels ranging
from 50 to 1000 pal
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 Approved For lease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AP03100040001-4
United States
1949
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURE OP SEVEN HC -PEED CMJdICS,
James J. dangler, Chester F. Robarda, and. dames E. McNutt; NACA Tech. Note.
No. 1911, Julys, 33 pp.
Presents investigation to determine elevated temperature short time tensile
strength, relative resistance to thermal shook, coefficient of thermal expansion
and density of seven ceramics fabricated by hot-pressing, Ceramics are boron
carbide, titanium carbide, zirconium carbide, 85% silicon carbide 1us 15%
boron carbides magnesium oxide, zircon, and stabilized zirconia. itanium
carbide was the most promising of the seven ceramics for possible gas-trubine
application because of high tensile strength at elevated temperatures and its
superior resistance to thermal shook.
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 Approved For lease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926403100040001-4
1949
OU TO EXTRAPOLATION OF 8R T STRRS RUPTURE DATA, Nicholas J. Grant
and Albert Q. Buokiin, American Society for Metalas$ Preprint No. 18, 33 pps.
.k Urge number of stress-rupture tests was made on allay 8-590 at
20 -r1900?F and on 8-816 at 1200-15000F. Rupture tin" varied from 3 sec.
to 26,000 hrl The validity of straight lines in the log-log and semi-log plots
of Mt *ASjg '6'#.... lHftn'E+4re, 4-#- -M
_- ._
of
s
nmu
__ ?
. w+
m c esep~'iLte i vaasinedn
. i . o the b,sia of these tests. Suggests method for predicting long-time performance or
pertc a oe at other temperatures based on extrapolatjon of instability points
clearly shown in log-log plots of rupture data. Data are analysed on the basis
of the chemical rate procesetheor7. A value of 'True elongation" is determined
from stress-rupture tests, which appears, to establish ductility changes as a
function of increasing time or decreasing strgin rate at a given temperature.
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 Approved For Fiefease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-009264QG3100040001-4
j-- ( c`
United States 1949
'UNf kMI NTAL ~C;TS OF AGING ON ORE" PROPNRTIE& OF SOLUTION-TR T L0
CARB01f H-155 ALLOt,, D. N. Frey;, J. W. Freemaa, and A. X. Whiter NACA Tech. Nots,
No. 1940, Aug. 73 pp.
An experimental procedure is described which is believed sable for
establishi the fundamental mechanisms by which processing, heat treatment,, and
chemical composition control the properties of alloys at high temperature.
The method relates microstructures and array diffraction characteristics after
various prior treatments to creep and rupture test properties. Results are
given for application of the method to solution-treated and aged low-carbon
x455 alloy a correlation with short-time creep and rupture characteristics
at l20O0 .
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80=00926A`A03100040001-4
United States 1949
OF CONDITIONS CF HEAT TREAD AND HOT-COLD WORK ON THE PROPPRTIS
r-CAR%ON N-1,55 ALLOY AT ROOM T 1'ER&TIM AND 1200% J. W. Freeman, E. 2.
olds, i3. S. Fray, and A. E. Lite; hProc. ASTid V. 49s pp. 61"-/+5.
From tension and rapture teats the following data were t btaineds yield
strength range at 0.02% offset at room temperature, 30,000 to 134,000 psi;
rupture strength range at 1200?F, 40,000 to 60,000 ped at 100 hre.; 35,000 to
56,000 psi at 1000 bra. to an estimated. 600#000 hre., depending on the treat amt
of the speoi . These ranges, resulting fr z variations in thermal and mechanical
treatment,. are greater than those which result from variations in camtrpo.ition.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AW3100040001-4
'cited States 1949
A ST= OF EFFWTS OF T TWAT NT AND I COLD N ON PR !' S OF III'
C .RBON N-155 ALLOT,, J. W. Freeman, E. 3. Reynolds, D. N. Prey, and A. E. Whites
MICA Tech. Note, No. 1867, May l pp.
i1 ,properties at room temperature a rupture test characteristics
at 120(rF were used as a criterion to evaluate the effects of systematic ,aria*
of solution treatments, aging treatments, and hot--cold work on the roperties
rzgth for d.U o ?fset at room temperature, and rupture Properties at 12OO' F,
standard type treataaents than are best for the alloy could be net up.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-009261 03100040001-4
tl' ited States X949
SOME NEW DATA ON THE PROPERTIES OF BOUGHT TITAN:, F. B
V. 5 6., No. 3, Sept. pp. 348-350.
Metal Progress,
Tension and compression data obtained at various temperatures, and including
yield strength., elongation, and modulus of elasticity values,, are supplied for
(I) annated and (2) cold rolled titaniwa sleet and bar stock rolled (a) longitudinally
and (b) trransvers . Hardness, impact, and, fatigue data are also furnished.
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 Approved For ease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AV03100040001-4
19'9
W CA AND OFFICE OF NAVAL SW CH MVALLt ICAL INMTIOATICN Cr TWO LARGB
FCR? D D3CB OF S-590 ALLOT, J. W. Free and Ord C. Cross, NAQ T'n h.
Note, No. 1760, Feb. 63 pp.
Pro t1es of large forged discs of 8.?594 alloy at room teas rature,
12000, 1350? and 150O1 ? ' were studied to determine the level of properties
obtainable in forgings required for rotor dims of gas turbine. One disc
was aged after forging] the other,. solution treated and aged. A limited amount
of testin was done on the solution treated disc prior to age. Results are
given for tensile, impact, rupture, time deformation, creep, and structural
stability tests.
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 Approved For aelease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926'003100040001-4
1949
i '-.0Q t
cb ra 1 ?~" i s
CREEP .A '3 S` PBSS-RUPTURE INMTIO TIO 0 SO ALt II:M AlLOT SW ET I t LS
J. E. Dorn and T. E. tietz; Prot. ASTMS, V. 49, pp. 815-833.
Increased interest in the elevated temperature properties of aluminum
alloys prompted investigations on the creep art 1stress-rupture characteristics
of 3S-H12, 3S_ 18t 52S-.132, 526. 8, 6l8 T6 and; ITT (ASTM Designation
1111-M20 1,-m a,, Orl-1 8,, 0521--T6 and CO reppectively). From 90?f to
400?F the above sequence of alloys was found to,be the order of increasing
resistance to creep and stress-rupture. Cold rolling appears to have a bene-
fic3al effect on the creep resistance and the tae to rupture.
The data for 36- and also 3S-K18 were a yzed in terms of Hollamon's
theory of creep, but the theory did not correlate wolf with the experimental
facts.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A' U3100040001-4
'iced States 1949 4. ;
Ea ATED-TE RAT E PROPERTIES or SEVERAL TITANIUM C&$BIDE SASE CERAMALS,
George C. Deutsch,, Andrew J. Repke, and William G. Lidmanj NACA Tech. Note.
No. 1915 s July, 47 pp.
The elevated-temperature properties of titanium carbide base ceremais in
?
iperatare range of 1600
to 2400F were investigated to obtain information
an the bonding mechanisms. The compositions studied were titanium carbide plus
3.0, 20, and 30% by weight each of tungsten, molybdenum, and cobalt. The
operties, investigated were density, tensile strength,, modulus-of-rupture strength,
In a strength-to-weight ratio basis? ceremals appear promising as gas turbine
blade materials in the temperature range of 1600 to 2400??.
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 Approved For lease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A"O03100040001-4
1949
OFFICE OF NAVAL RESEARCH RID N& CA TAILVR.QICAL 11 STIGATION -OF A LARGE F?RUED
S'IC OF I TCDNEL, X A ILOY,, Howard C. C 'oaa; NACA Tech. Note. No. 1770, April 31 pp.
Properties of a large f ogee dive of Ii mal-X alloy were date . ed for
the sol xtion-treated and aged conditions at room temperature, 12{0e?, 1350?, and
1 0o?F. I eluded are results of ten ile, Impact, ruptures time-deformation,
creep and strietur. al stability testa
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 Approved For.?.elease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926' b03100040001-4
a 1949
C3FT'ICE OF NAVAL f EARC T 1i D N&CA METALLURGICAL INVESTIGATION OF A LAP.GE FORGED
DISC OF 3-816 ALU3', Hoard Cross and S. It. Free j NAGA Tech. Note, No. 1765,
Fe. 45 pp.
Properties of large discs of 6-816 a31oy have been determined for both the
as-forged and aged condition and the heat-treated and aged condition by means
of stress-rupture and creep teats for time period, up to about 2000 hours at
rocma temperature, 00?, 13500 and 1500?F. Short.-time tensile test, Impact
test, and time-deforn tion characteristics are included.
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 Approved For-Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-009267003100040001-4
1949
A NEW L(W ALLOY STEEL FOR RIOR TEMP A.TURE USE, George P. Comstock; Metal
Progress,r V. 56, No. 1,, Syr pp. 67-m7 lo
When boron and titanium are added to a a oft steel? it quenches out to 8-55,
and this hardness in even increased by long stay at i .000F. No trace of graph-
itization was found after 10,000 hr. at that temperature. Stress-rupture tests
indicate 1000 hr. life at 1000?F and 50,00} psi. Boron and titanium (or columbium
additions are also ford to improve the stress-rupture properties of 5% ohraniinm
steel and 18-8.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-009261 3100040001-4
1949
REEP IN T DESI(N OF INTERNAL PRESSURE VESSELS, L. P. Coffin, 13. Shepler
'hemiakj Jour. Applied leoh., V. 16, Sept. pp. 229-241.
Xhicku waUed cylinders are tested under hydrostatic pressure at high teapera-
tures. The permanent strains resulting from primary creep are compared to those
due to secondary creeP. It is concluded that in the design of preeeure vessels
for short ;fife, consideration of eta .tics conditions and primary creep is essential,
while for. long life, secondary creep analysis is sufficient.
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 Approved For PAtease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926ATb3100040001-4
Iaiited states 1949
SOME O3SVA lO ON TI RECOVERT OF CO WORM AL NU , T. V. Cherian,
P, Pietrokcwsky~., and J. E. ~ orn Jnl of Iet&j*. Trans. v. it Dec, ins.
of the Amen * Inst. of Idning and tallurgieal Engineers., v. 185, p. 948-956.
ate of recovery on various physical and mechanical properties
an extensively studied. Hera effects an the true stress-strain curve
investigate . Effects of different temperatures aid prestrains an
`
were
:nom. ype types of recovery designated as "beta" and 'ortho
distinguished, indicating that the work hardened state is characterized
by at least two essentially distinct types of imperfeatiot *
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A 63100046001-4
id States 1949
1 UGH PERATURE P BOP',R 'I OF TITANIUM ALLOY CAS I S,, P. H. Brace and W. J.
Ilirford, Metal Progress, ve 55, Mar. p. 362-363.
of oreep-rupture and tensile tests on alloys containing 30-50
r mom of high lting rm terials. Alloys couiparin; favorably with corrventio
temperature materials and considerably lighter were obtained. Beat yield
kw were obtained with Ti--Cr base (20M- Cr) alloys containing Uo and J
in 4-1 atcr,.ic ratio.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A` 03100040001-4
United States
1949
OF CERAMICS AND CER ALS AS TURBI -BLP )E MATERTAIS FOR THE
AIRCRAFT POWER PLANTS, A R. bobroweky; Trans. AS NE.. V. 71, Aug. pp. 621-?629.
Ceramics and oeremal materials have been investigated for use as turbine-
blade materials for aircraft gas turbines. Tensile, flexure, thermal-shock,
and oxidation data for these materials at temperatures up to 2?F are presented.
It was found that several ceramics and ceremals possess excellent tensile proper-
ties at high temperatures, and that carbide base materials possess good thermal
shook resistance and operate cooler than most high-temperature alloys or oxide-
base materials. Although ceramics and oeremale have operated as blades in gas
turbines at temperatures abcge those in service use with alloy blades, speeds
lower and lives were shorter than those of alloy blades.
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 Approved For iv lease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A4O3100040001-4
States 1949
TITANIUM AT ROOM T ;RATUE , 8einrich Adenstedt; l&tal 'rogreas F. 56,
. pp. 658-660.
Tensile and creep data are presented for annealed titanium sheet and cold
rolled titanium strip at room temperature. The minimum creep rates of titanium
are compared to those of other structural metals. It is seen that the annealed
titanium sheet showed the highest tendency for creep. In cold rolled titanium
strip, a load equal to 80% of the yield strength produces a creep rate of
0.000per 1 hit'., while loads of only 50 to 60% of the yield strength give the
p rate in the annealed material. An unfavorable prope-ty of pure tit-
realedj dangerous secondsrv creep is in evidence even with loadings
ow the y1eeld strength. However, alloying and heat-treatment may
p properties.
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 Approved Forelease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926W003100040001-4
ted! States 1949
(poae iK ~ tr %-4
THE I ,U C$ O VIBRATION ON THE CREEP OF IAA,
V. 49, pp. 834-856*
Greenwood; Proc. ASTi4
Creep tests on two industrial (very pure) leads and two lead alloys,, one
containing O.W.7% Ag and theoth ? 0,t% Cu have been made under conditions
whereby a gentle 50 cycles per second vibration was superposed on direct tensile
stress. The stresses were between 100 and 350 psi. It is shotln that vibration
increases the rate of creep and also accelerates the recrystallisation under
stress, Ong recrystallisation the creep rate increases considerably. Without
vibration the industrial lead will recrystallize after an extension of 4 to 5%
whereas,, wi, h the vibration superposed, this will occur after 2.5% extension.
The grain aizd increases considerably during this process. It is shown that
under certain conditions the creep rate of lead can be increased by the presence
of silver. The effect of copper is affected by the degree of dispersion; the
finer is the dispersion, the more the areep rate is lowered. Both alloying
elements reduce the susceptibility of lead to recrystallize under stress, at
least up to 15% extension. Annealing lead at 120?C for 24 hr. stabilized the
crystal grains, reduces the creep rate udder given conditions, and reduces
the susceptibility to recrystirll.ization under stress.
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 Approved Fori4elease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926PA'03100040001=
,ted States 1949
STA S FOR ELEVATED TEPIPER&TU ES SERVICE, U. S. Steel Corp. Pittsburgh,
(book), 87 pgs.
Gent-ml prlnclplea of behavior. Teat nthods and laboratory techniques.
Tabular and graphical data on mechanical properties of 21 steams covering a
side vari* of chemical compositions. Testing facilities of U. S. Steel Corp.
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 Approved Fo&Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-0092 003100040001-4
Aes 1949
}ITIONNG CUTS OUT CAP TEST COMPE ATIO x, Steel, v 1251 Ally 4, P. 95
a and testing procedure an a Ir-O-onditi
;d at constant temperature at the research laboratory of do ?ube Co.
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 Approved Forytelease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-009201(003100040001-4
ates 1949
A SIB CONSTlll -STRESS CREEP TEST, J. C. Fisher and R. P. Carreker; Jour, of
Metals, V. 1, No. 2, Feb. p. 178 (AIMS Tech. Note No. 10S).
The use of a "v" shaped specimen supported at its ends and loaded at the
vertex of the angle is advocated for constant stress creep tests. The angle
at the vertex of the a sr should be approximately 90?. This method for obtaining
constant stress is especially suited to the testing of smell wiles, but may
easily be extended to rods of any dimeter through the use of a suitable grip
which serves as the vertex joining two identical rods forming the legs of the "V?;
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 Approved Forgaelease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-0092G 003100040001-4
1949
CR]AZ TEST3 AT HIGH TEYPERk''I S, H. S. otizr, Metal tl sfir7j.
Y. 7S ? Do(;. 2, p. 1.71-474.
*thodo ate. eq. nt..
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 Approved For4geelease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00928003100040001-4
Vubted $ta
1949
74..
AT Rlo$ TEI RATUR S, H. B. nree ,, Metal Industryj v. 75,
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 Approved ForlWlease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AD03100040001-4
Ch'A_I dM CF CR ;EP IN WT. W o G. R. Wilms tend W. A. Wrod; Jour. Inst. of
.. _
A,, pp ? 693-706.
The difference between the high temperature deformation mechanism and that
at m Om to mperature depends on the strain rate. At rods temperature the mechanism
consists of h1 ip and of the breakdown of the grains to cr rstdiites (so called
mosaic blocks); at higher temperatures and lower strain rates, this mechanism
is overa tca ed by the 'dissociati?n of the grains into fairly coarse units,
flow being due to the motion of these unite within each grain. These units
are called cells so as to differentiate them from erystdllitev. The influence
of strain rate and of temperature on the calls was determined; the motion of the
cells takes place without reference to specific slip planes. The x-ray technique
used is very sensitive# a 10? difference in the orientation of the cells * uld
show up as 180? on the x-ray film; therefore the actual difference in orientation
of the cep (which is less than 1?) is easily measurable. Most of the deforma-
tion takes place near the cell boundaries, and since the cells are relatively
large, little strain-hardening taken place? and we have quasi-viscous creep.
When crystallite formation ;;redominatee, we have transient creep. In actual
proacctice we have a combination of the two mechanisms, one or the other predom-
inating depending on the temperature and strain rate conditions.
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 Approved For Rlflease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AD03100040001-4
England 1949
T7: PL.a2'IC BEFAVZOUR OP SOLIDS, Andrew McC&nce, Jnl of the Iran and stool
Z titute, v. 163, Nor* p. 241449.
h bald orial Lecture discusses the theory of plastic exte~
pin
disa
re
t
g
g
emen
with the von"lmieee--F ,ncigr view that the plastic
1y a degener aced elastic stage whose behavior can be for fat
d
e
neic Of elasticity theory. Equations derived f' om the a
th
'
u
or
s
were tested by work on steel
Cu
Al
Pb and oo t
lji
I
,
,
,
a
cs.
ncludes
variations in piastio behavior; brittleness and plasticity; behavior of
rubber; and creep under constant load. 19 ref.
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 Approved For1lglease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AD03100040001-4
1949
TERMAL STSES IN TURBINE BLADES' M. J. Lighthill and F. J. Bradshaw] Ph oa.
Nag. V. 40, No. Y)6, July, pp. 7%780.
A theory of thermal stress in turbine bodes developed on the assumption
that at each point of the blade planform the stresses are approximately those
that would be not up in a free infinite slab of uniform thickness equal to the
blade thickness at that point. Consequence of the theory are that in cooling
the maximum stress occurs at all times rear the position of maximm thickness,
but that in heating the largest stresses are initially near an edge, though
an time goes on their position moves toward that of maximum thickness, and their
magnitude increases. )Maximum stress is inversely proportional to thermal conduc-
tivity for the lower heat transfer rates, but is less sensitive to it at higher
rates.
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 Approved For R tease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AQp3100040001-4
1091and 1949
TM CREEP QF UETAI.'9 AND AI,LO , B. G. Stanford, Temple preae, London, 1949,
162 pp. (book).
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-009264003100040001-4
1949
MIw es, oxidation characteristion
:ea after ezpoaure for 10#000 hours.
. p. 934.,
period of 10 yrs. Sift abtaiasd in an . tion of
Amer* Soo? etals# y.
over 100 difformt irps at 94da 1050
A B. 1lder and
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 Approved For I' (ease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A 03100040001-4
1950
CAST f1I T -u.PF~:flT ALLOYS M CRACKa MIS
J. - itmx-, R. W. H &U and 0. Ukw,, Nat. AcIv. Com. for Aero.
h6 Note. 2037 Fob. 29 ppe.
2r pad ar ix.isns were t nifar1y heated to 1750 OF
controlled water quench of one edge. 'mss cycle
a thsr l-*hock failure occurred. Order of decreasing
ing ," 16, 5'-590, Vita11iu, 422-19, X-40 and Stel ite 6.
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 Approved For Kelease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926x0031000400,01-,.
1950
P BIL: Y` O? VARIOUS ALtO FOR HIGH 1 MPiSi
Metals, v, 42, p, 45.-438,
T eU, Time.
ote cities of 8 Fe# 5 , and d Co-base allm v studied
tests, drop-hammer fox g, and deep aitag testa. 1 e-w
o give c rative to bil1ti ratiit s. 13 ref.
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 Approved For Tease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AV03100040001-4
Pt. P. 9
E. P. T. ?yadan,
rep at suitably oriented sine eing1ee amstala rase
e eap r esa#. laws S * Ata, in which $ is strain (none
fter load application and A and a are eaa wtants
lied sties
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 Approved For M ease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AT03100040001-4
1950
MADEM AL LO! 8TL FOR S ItE UP TO 700 F, 0, V. th W.3. 8e ns and
L J. .li* fir.. Boo. for Testing I&ter3alae
Cal properties of two s 1s, I 4W and 0.40%
d towered to a hardness of RoOkwall 0-43, then tested
4, 600,t a nd 7O6? `, in co pressiGn at 75Q7, for orerep
Wit, 600 arid 7W *t, and for Charpy impact strength between
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 Approved For' Lease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926'xC003100040001-4
CERF-P AND RUPTU OF SEVERAL CMMIIJ -NICK L AUSTE TI STAIM TE
C. V. Smith? I. J. Dmlis and L 0. buston, Trans.. A*ir, Soc, *taia,
T* 420 p. 935-q78# die, "-9W*
304,# 316, 321, and 340 were investigated at 1100, 1300 and 1506
e miarestruaturat. changes oca during test, the offset
er in xachwnioa1 properties, and the amds of fracture. 16 ref.
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 Approved Fo`i elease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-0092 003100040( ]-*a, i; -
:x
States 1954
AN UMUAL EOT IN THE CREEP OF Z SINGLE CR!!SWS,, L. 8l.ifldn and X.
Kautzmann$ Physical Review, eer. 2, P. 78 a 1, p 631.632.
Experimental procedure and results of an investigation. A curious
et--Larding" effect was found.
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 Approved For i lease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AD03100040001.z4
United States 1950
, +,, A
ts"A*t. J `t a'
T CGT ZNTIR4N-MW ON THE SE$-RI/] "TUR$ PBOPERT 3 OF d TALS AT EL-EVA'J D
't . SP RATU$, 0, Cutler Shepard and 4il7.ia Sehalliol. Amer. Soo. for Testing
Materials preprint 58, 5 pps.
Stress-rupture testa in controlled atmosphere* were made with Iev-carbon
steels and with Rastelloy "C'". Small. differences in the composition of environ-
ment produced relatively large differences in the amount of intergrariler
oracking and in time to failure.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AQ83100040001-4
es 1950
PROPERTIES OF METALS AT VA D T FERLTU , G. V. Smith, Meohanicai Engineer
'
v'.
72, Wity pp* 7994.
Properties are classified in the broad oategoriee t strength; other
physical properties such as thermal expansivity or conductivity,, elastic
nodulis and the like; resistance to scaling or other corrosive attack; changes
in mioroatruoture occurring during seance; and effect of these on properties.
14 references.
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 Approved For Qlease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926603100040001-4~),,,~t,
United States 1950
TINE CREEP AND I IGN S' SSES FOR CASTINGS RESISTANT TO HIGH EMPER,A.
Nor S. Motto Metal Progress, v. 58, Oct. p. 4968.
A table covering 14 moderate and high-temperature alloys.
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 Approved For, elease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926,x603100040001-4
United States 1900
THE STRENGTH OF WROUGHT STNS AT ELEVATED TEIPERATUM.. (book), R. F. Maier
and J. J. Roger. 1-16 pga. Amer. Soo. for Testing Materials.
Extensivo tabular and graphioal data cover tensile, creep and rupture
properties of standard grades of both carbon and alloy steels. Includes
sorider&bie tabular material with rather complete references, also extensive
cur+rea and charts.
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 Approved For1ease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-0092603100040001-4
ited States 1950
AL 9N - 0LYBTEN M ALL4 F t SERVICE AT ELEVATED 7EVERATMMS,
ey and x. T. Stewart, American Soc. for Metals, Preprint No. 12:,
The mechanical properties at 815*C that are at least the equivalent of
the best #o-base casting alloys, and they can be produced under industrial
conditions without difficulty. Tensile strength, creep-rupture - roperties,
and effects of Co and W additions. Chemical specifications, one based on a
35,000 psi rupture life of 150 hour mininum at 815?0 and the other on a 35,000
psi rupture life of 200 hour mini at 81.5?0 are developed.
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 Approved For'Iease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926-AD03100040001=
united States 1950
TRAIN PATE AND TWERATUFS ON TI C2 EP OF COLD DRAWN INGOT
IRON,, W U t D. 'e r kins amt Thom s G. Digger, Trans* Amer. Soc. Mtals,
42# p. 1128-*1129, Dis. p. 11 3-1130.
f
.. ,,,......r+.. .r.o .aw seo~ir.-&a" "Lwaau of S drde, v. 43, Aug. p. 117-131.
Resx .ts ' of a mini ar study for Monel and omen free high-
urit
c
P
y
opper
were previousl reported. Since Monet arxd copper are face-centered cubic metals,
the program was extended to include a study of the behavior of body-centered
cubic iron as affected by variations in strain rate and in temperature.
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 Approved For' elease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-0092& 03100040001 4
Ed States 1950
CREEP OF ANW"D HIGH PURITY COPPER, Tech. Me" Bull. (National lareau of
Standards),, v. 34, Sept. pp. 130.131, Based on paper by W. D. Jenkins and T. 0.
Diggers, Jnl7. of Res. of the NAt. Stu. of Std., tr 45, Aug. 1950.
Effects on creep behavior of stress, temperature, mechanical and thermal
history, rate of loading, and sudden changes in both stress and temperature.
'fasts were made at UO, 250, and 30fl?g. Metal1ographic examination.. hardness
measurements,, and tension teats were conducted at room temperature.
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 Approved For'Iease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926*'03100040001-4
.t,
1950
NT HIGH-T TI tOPERTIES OF NAGENSIUM.C FORGDG
H.
and C
C
.-g,
__. . Cr 7 s 42 pps.
. advisor Committee for ero . Tech. Note-.-,q-
Experimental heats were madel by addition of a fourth element to the
base.compos,ition contain 6% Cd' and Ilh. ensile properties at 70?
and 600*P, were obtains t and =at + ompoaitions were subjected to short time
?
'
creep tee a at 6fo
F
.
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 Approved Forelease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926 49'03100040001:=4
4 ,
Z'u; - S t,
F E MOT OF SIG* PHASE ON T SHORT-TIM NIGH UMPE,WMa P WPBRTIES
OF 2.5 CWWW-20 NICKEL STAINLESS STEEL, Glen J. Guarnieri, Jame MMer
and. Frank J. !awter. Trans. Amer. Soo. Metals, v. 42,. p. 981-1000 dis, p 1000-'1007.
Thing a 259 Cr, 20%. Ni stainless steel, with 2% Si, high-temperature
tensile and creep properties (up to 100 - hr. duration) were correlated with
type and pattern of sigma distribution. The hard sigma-phase constituent was
found to increase materially the tensile and yield strength properties of the
Cr-Hi steel up to approximately 1400?F., but a corresponding decrease in long-
time creep strength properties occurred. The finely divided type of sigma
suture was found desirable for minimizing room-temperature embrittlement ar
indicated by bend tests.
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 Approved ForeIease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-009267003100040001-4
1930
T.A AT 1110H 'BMPB:Fu TU (800k) Frances Hurd C1ar, 372 pp,
Cons
A compilation of regent avail*bie data on hig per tore properties.
:2udes a theoretical discussion on plasticity and a section on teat metho
and manufacturing methods fbr heat resistant alloys*
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 Approved For 1 lease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-009261'03100040001;
United States 1950
CC) &5IVE ' P TITS OF TIt&NIR 8HET T AT ELEVAT!D `t P ~R4TU `i, Paul F.
Barrett., Hat. Adv. Cow for Aero. Tech. Note. 2038, Feb. 10 rsgs.
Results of compressive stress-strain tests from room terature to
?F. Favorable oompressive Properties rties and mar-cod anisotropy in compression
were noted.
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 Approved ForuRelease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-0092003100040001-4
19
'EC' OF TE TLW ON THE DUL1 OF 1 ,8TICITr, Uhhriei
x V* 58, Jay 1 85"89?
to rature variation of Young's modulus for the following
21 Inaone ,, four aua i&tic s" i eas etesls, o iron,
and 75S Ai-alloy A d is method of testis waa W d in Which tb
vibrated tX nsversel at is resonant . ,uenoy.
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 Approved For.Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926'AO03100040001-4
United States 1930
1
r 0s
PRUPE1 T] OF METkLq AT ELEVATED EMl ERAT S, G. V. with,. Combus .on, Y. 21
? P. b5-671 May" 0 51-53*
Part 1t Metalw; strength at elevated temperatures, working stresses that
be applied, ch aoteriaties of creep, and the relation between stress and
`feats of non-soot' -nt etrese and temperature, metallurgical variablles,f
miorostructurel air `surface changes, and scaling and corrosion.
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 Approved ForQelease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-0092ff003100040001-4
United States 3.950
COMBINED TENSION-TORSION CIE?-TINE UTIONS FOR AWMINUM ALLO! 25-0,
Joseph minx J. H. 7aupel and L. W. Hu, American Society for Testing Materials,
Preprint 38, 17 pgs..
Investigation on. the combined stress-creep properties of Alcoa 25-0.
Combined states of stress were produced by sub ject ng. thin-walled tubular
specimens of circular eroes-neat ion to various combinations of axial tension
and torsion. Minimum constant creep rates for various values of the stresses
and for ratios of the biaxial principal stress from 0 to -1.0 were fount to be
in approximate agreement with values predicted theoretically using simple
tension-creep test results.
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 Approved For &W ease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100040001-4
meted states 1950
!NSITIVITY TORSION E-r- UNIT, A. E. Johnson, Jnl. of Scientific
tr nts, v 27, Mar. p,. 74-734
data on creep of metals and boys has been obtained with stresses
causing creep rates of 14"' r hr. or more. Describes apparatus for
measuring rates as low as 10 per hr. Lees of the torsion meter are
d into the ends of the thin-walled tubular test-pieces used.
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 Approved For Flease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AA'03100040001-4
teas 1950
STING OF GAS TURBINE DI5 , atoMotive 1r-dust ta, '-. 102, Jan
Pp. 40-41 0
Apparatus d saigned. for determination of plastic and creep strains
speeds up to 35,,OOO rxsm and temperatures up to 15OO? '.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926PM03100040001-4
ct Stated 1950
New creep az strew-ruptuM equgme it of Babcock and Wilcox Co.,,
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A@03100040001-4
1950
Pt
OCKC & WILOOX COMPANY IN TALW NEW LABOPATORY EQUIP T FOR CREEP AND
BTRE88 RUPTU . STIE, Industrial Beating, V. 17, June p 988, 990, 992, 994.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926!03100040001-4
United States 1950
t; Q
OA TORY STUD CREEP AND 5 `RRSS*R `UFE, Industry and Power, v. 58,
1950, p, 103-104.
New testing laboratory of Babcock and Wilcox.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100040001-4
meted States 1950
Product Engineering, Y. ., lay P? 14349,
,~ llJ ~~ ~Tl ~'ACHTI+tS, for
Condensed from *A Ilig _Speed High ' B. t re_ Pre i and n TOOL g Loh- iIne e for
Sae Tilrbine Task Jhaearch , A. C. Haggs
before Society for ierimental Stress Analysis..
C tttrbix disk tooter for the determination of plastic and creep straits
at temperate r a up to 1500? F and rotational speeds up to 35,000 rpm-
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 Approved For Tease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-0092603100040001-4
1950
R P TnS METALS AT AT'ED TEMPER&Tum, (B0pk , G. V. Smith, 401 pga.
Mc?ira; Mn ook Co porgy and Votal1urgical Engineering Series).
A compreleneive s uarg of available kno*dedge on the effect of temperature
is at ordizea anci elevated temperatures. Effects of such-ariablee as
vibes the composition of "super- Iloys**`
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AQO3100040001-4
1950
EP OF METAlS AM ALLQTB, E. Q. Stanford, Temple Press, Ltd. Bowling
n Lane, London E.C.1, England 15 a. (book
Creep teetingl the creep curve; meta1$urgioal factors affecting creep;
aerthods for presenting creep-tent results; and haniim of creep.
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 Approved Foo,.Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00920003100040001-4
1949-50
FACTORS A ECTING THE, STRENGTH OF MK/`ALS AT HTGH TEMPNRATUHMs,, A. 0. lietcalfe
Metal Treatm t and Drop Forging. v. 16, pp. 235-246.
A ache for claseif cation. By adopting a simplified pictures of the
mechanism, three gran ps of methods are obtained: first, those which raise
the soften .ng temperature; second,, those by which resistance to slip may
be raised; third, those which decrease the chance of failure in a grain
boundary. Attempts to asses the relative impottanoe of each factor. 48 ref.
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 Approved For?Wlease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A*O3100040001-4
1950
CREEP DU TO FLUCTUATING STR1 SSES AT SILVATED TE3iPE.P.A URBZ,, H. J. Tapeell,
P, 0. Forrest and 0. R. Tremain. Engineering v 170, Aug. 25, pp. 189-191,
(A condensation).
Results of experimental study for the heat resisting materials Rex 78
and Minoralc 80# and ftr the A1-.alloy RR59, also for 0.26% C steel. FaEperi'mental
w*A theoretical data are compared.,
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-009264003100040001-4
En .and 1950
TIM M CHkNIGAL P1 DP M3 OF SOME IR?UGET AND CAST ALQMT ALL07B AT ELEVATED
TEMPERATURES, P. L. Thorpe, G. Ti. Tremaiu, and R. W. Ridley, Jul of the Inst.
of Metals, v 77, Apr. p li1-14d.
sulto of tensile, fatigue and creep tests at various temperatures in
he range 20-453?C on 17 wrought and 7 cast alloy -, together w:fth results for
~scme experimental W alloys developed during the last war by the
uded
Royal Aircraft Establishment in BritUn.
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 Approved For'elease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-0092603100040001-4
D V.
VO,
1950
EATON ClikRACT ISTICS OF FI GREY CAST IRONS AT 400DEG. C, 500 DEG. C,
. ' ottle, Inst, of British Foundrymen, Paper No. 973, 9 pga. Advanced copy.
Materials, testing procedure, and temperature contorl. Rupture, short
'time tensile,, creep,,:. and stress-to-rupture tests-. 15 references.
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 Approved For (ease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926703100040001-4
1950
GRANISM OP PRIRX C WP IN META, W. A. Wood and R. F. Scrutton, Jhl* of
the Iwtitute of Metals,, v. 77, July pp 423-434.
Studied experimentally, using 99.9 .Al. Niorographs and X-ray diffraction
rns illustrate results obtained, wh- oh are analyzed theoretically.
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 Approved For release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-009267M03100040001-4
1950
MEP FACTRUES? R. W. Bailey, Institution of Metallurgists, *The Frac
of detals#* 1950, p 29--1.
lation to C-?NO steel.
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 Approved For I've ease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AW03100040001-4
3,950
ike and D, A. Sutcliffe, Metall, ?. 4, M*y, PP 191-193.
amounts o 02 f g2 , and Si greatly Increase the hardness and
tensile strength of Ti. without eliminating its ductility &t.room temperature.
Elevated temperatures greatly decrease these properties. 16 ref.
(in German),
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 Approved For'elease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926003100040001-4
1950 ~A 14 '1 -
$X-RAY OBS .RVATIOI+ ON THE NP_TTJR OF CREEP 17 'OR ,TION IN POLYCRYSTALLINS
ALUMr , S. A. C lnan and B. D. Burns, &1 of the Inst. of Metals, Y. 77,
3p 445-45
Back-reflection Law-* patterns were taken from the same series of locations
on a large-grained Al teat-piece after successive amounts of. creep deformation
at 2501?C. From analysis of the asterism and movement of the reflection cotes
relative to the strdss axis, it appears that creep deformation up to about
3% extension in 170 hr. In associated with slip processes. Later stages are
characterized by presence of numerous fine units or cel:le formed from the
previously distorted material. 12 references.
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 Approved For eIease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926M03100040001-4
England 1950
HUT MISTING STEW: INFLUENCE OF ALWY ADDtTI4)y, 0. T. Oolegate, Metal
Treatment and Drop Forging, v. 17, 5'uvmer 1950, pp 93-1O1, 109.
Various types of steels and effects of mall additions of other elements
such as Si, Cb, Co, and No, to each type. Oxidation resistance, creep,
tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, area reduction, proportional
limit. and Brinell hardness are tabulated and charted.
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 Approved For Kelease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-009261 @03100040001-4
195
A FEW SHORT-.f.IiEE, GOTH AND CREW TE$$ ON AN %W-IOU J 4Rn-IT C GM IRON,
J. W. Grant, British Cast Iron Raj. A86oe. Jni of Bea# and Dove, v. 3, June
pp. .-r4l5
Peeulta of three ores tests and a growth test at 500?C and of short-tame
t 400, 450ana 500?G.
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 Approved Forelease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-009267003100040001-4
3-950
\ k
TR1 MC NThM OF CRE1P AS REVEALED BY X-RAY METHODS, G. B. Greenough and Edna
U. Stith, Jnl of the Inst. of Metals, v. 77, duly, pp 435-443.
A hypothesis is proposed to explain in term of dislocation theory the
recent observations of Wilms and Wood and of Wood and Bachinger in relation
to the mechanism of deformation of metals. Some now X-ray observations on
Al which support the hypothedn.
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 Approved For Ref'ease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AQp3100040001- z G "
CAc \-
t'~ GAS
SURFACE E CTS IN THE CREEP OF CADMIUM SINOLE CRRIS
Y. 165, Apr. 15, p. 6n-622.
0. F411,, Nature,
When oxide-coated, single-crystal Cd wires are im ersed in an ale
such as Cd012 creep rate is increased mel$ times. However, this rate later
decreases, and may stop zkbvqO= altogether due to formation of a crystalline
dendrite coating. Electron ieroaoope investigation showed this material
to be Cd(Ofl)2. Mechanism of the creep effect is proposed.
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 Approved Forelease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926%003100040001-4
CREEP 1
1950
BY A CkRnZVER-BEND' METHOD; G. T. Harris and
ds
c Loft
and Steel Inst. V. 165, June pp. 139.144,,
Cantilever-bending creep testing in eho n to have Magee over tensile
testing for high temperatures and where the preparation of specimens must be
reduced to a mcbm d nimum,, such as for unmaohinable materials* There is good
correlation between results obtained by this method and conventional testing
at plastic strains up to 1.0$. Toot data is for heat resisting steels.
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 Approved For Tease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A@03100040001-4
A0
1950
CW" AND FATIGUE TESTS ON 00MMERl IAtLT' EXTRUDED LED AND LEAD ALLOT PIPES,,
(Continued), J.. leown and L.E.T. Hopkins Net? ,lurgia, v. 41, p. 219-223.
Investigation to determine the degree of reproducibility to be expected
from materials produced by extrusion on comaeroial presses. Effect of
cold work on Tadanac lead from the *i press, on alloy of 0.005% Ag
0.005% Cu, and an 0.015% To lead. Effect of heat treatment on Tadanac
lead from the pipe press. Fatigue tests and results.
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 Approved For-Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-0092M003100040001-4
1950
CR PAN FATI{)IT ,9 ON COMWFRCIAILY EITRUI I? LEAD AND LEAD ALLOY P3 ,
J. McKeown and L. M. T. opkin,, 1tallurgia, v, 41, Jan. p. 135-X143..
Reproducibility to be expeoted from materials produced on oommercial
presses. It is oanoluded that the effect of alloying additions cannot be
determined on extrusions male on presses where variables are not under
sufficient control*
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 Approved For F!fease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A063100040001-4
1950
CREEP IEFORMATIoN OF Mt+,TAI2, L. Rotherham and L. W. Larks,, Research, V. 3,
Sept. pp. 434-436.
Some observations of grain growth in a 0.5% Ag aluminum alloy in which
the effect on creep rate was not Yer large. Observations suggest that the
breakdown to subgrains is not the primary cause of creep, but a secondary effect
resulting from creep.
Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A003100040001-4
 Approved Fo lease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926 ?03100040001-4
'.950
APPARtTUS FOR 'Hg ?.A suR ` NT of CREEP R n TUATING STR , W. R. Tyldesley
Metall urg ,, ' 4:2j, June p. 45-48.
treso system oompr-Ises a steady load on ich is superimposed a smaller
load fluctuating at the rate of 100 cycles per see. 19 references.
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 Approved ForQelease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-0092W03100040001-4
1950
THE BRXTUR NO*-nRROUS METALS RESEARCH ASSOCIATION; CRT EP AND FATIGUR TESTING
EQUIP t " IN THE LABORAToRIE$, J. MeKeoim, Metanurgia v. 42, Sept. pp. 189-196.
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926*003100040001-4
1960
A $ 'LE CON T STRESS APPARATUS FOR CRP TESTING, L. It. T. Mopkin, Prof.
I Society, v. 63 Sec. B, May 1, p.
Simple device which can maintain stress on a creep sp imen constant to
within 0.8% during uniform extensions up to 100%. The apparatus is suitable
for slow rates of strain. Examples of creep curves obtained for Pb and a
Pbn alloy. Goad agreement with the Andrade creep equation was observed
in both oases.
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DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF EQ"JIP NT FOR A SMALL ST: SS RUPTUM CREEP LABORATORY
]Vlletallurgia, v. 42, June, p. 37-44.
perienes in the development of a creep testing laboratory for life-to-
rupture testa on materials at 90000 using miniature creep testing machines.
Although designed for high-temperature teeting, the 4paratus has given a tisi-
factory pwformancs, with only minor alterations., at temperatures as low as
1.x 0?C.
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and Michel R+udier, Revue de etailurgie, v. 4 t
he literature and expmriwn 3. irestigation of Ng and
AL DATA ON CREW AND YATION OF POLTCR!ST
9.7% Cu, a dic t of tmech ni i pro
24 ref.
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1950
COI HVTION TO THE STUD! OF INFLUENCE OF MICROSTRUCTURE ON THE HEAT RESISTANCE
CIF STEEL (In French) Oeor. Delbart and Itohel Revery. Revue de Metallurgie,
Y, 47, Mar. p. 215-233 discussion p 233-234.
Investigated for a low-slay Cr-Mo steel produced in a basic electric
furnace. Creep properties were determined at 450, 525, 550 and 575? Q under
loads of 7, 11, 15, and 24 kg. per sq. mm. in shortened long-time tests.
Influence of heat treatment on creep properties. Microstructures corresponding
to the various treatments are illustrated. 14 references.
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1950
TESTING AND STRENGTH RESEARCH IN (E 'IN THE LIARS 1939-1949,
E. Sisbel* Schweizer Archie fur ange andte Wissenschaft and
12, Apr. pp 97-114.
History of materials testing in 0ermany. Activities and advances of
mteriale testing during the ear and its revival after the war. Strength
behavior udder static and vibrating stresses. 30 ref.
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1950
? NT.r I pHOBLEms IN MEC kNic. or s RI CT S (II German) Ins Ttatter,
ZeitschrII.ft doe Vereinea D uteohe: Ingcnieure, v. 92, Jan 21, p 57-61,
ho effect of flow phenomena on such physical properties of metals as
toughness, elasticity,, shear strength, etc. Relaxation time as a specific
variable; elastic and plastic properties of materials;; creep phenomenal
stress and strain; tough-elastic hysteresis] and the relaxation spectrum.
16 ref..
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1950 / \?'' ti k
ON OF CREEP TESTS (In Ger l), Nikolaus Ludwig, Zeitsahrift fur
rde, v. 41, Maar* p. 87-91.
The designer can apply if. Rokardt's exponential law in order to estimate,
the basis of experimentally established creep-stress results, the expected
expansione, exceptions being materials with a tendency to hot shortness. If
he nterial is to be used at temperatures exceeding WC,, the esti ates must
be based on longtime creep test results. 20 references.
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1950
NG of ALUMINUM ALLO (in German) Hugo Voask filer
Metall nde, v. 41, SP's p. 1"-151.
Reports results of tests made on a series of malleable and cast Al-alloys
to determine their tensile strengths, 0.2 and 0,02 yield strengths, elongations,
and area oontraetions between room temperature and 300?C. Results are supple-
mented by published data and thus expanded to 200?C. Includes graphs.
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1950
CREEP OF STEEL UNR STATIC MESSES AT ROOK TEM EPATUR , (In German) Walter
daniohe and Gunther Thiel, Archiv fur das Ei.eenhuttenweaen# v. 21, lfar.apr?
pp 105-11.8.
Creep behavior of six carbon and low-alloy steels at room temperature
and effects of heat-treatment and cold working *en stressed below the yield
point up to several hundred hours were studied. 34 references.
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1.950
TEEX.S ?O THEM iZNCT TO CREEP-SAS E RZTT. M, NT WITH U-SRK D
AND BY SLOW TENSE TESTS, (in German), Wilhelm Ruttmann, Gerhard
1, and Rudolf Soi xn. Arohiv fur das Eisenhflttemresen, Y. 21 duly-Aug.
pp. 225-233.
Tests were made with notched and unnotohed ferritic and austenitic steal
? bare at 450-700?O. Comparison of results with those fr. m long-time creep
tests (3000 and 10,000 hours) shows that the described method permits relatively
rapid determination of the tendency of heat resistant steels to creep-stress
embrittlem meat. 14 references.
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1950
r .k
RECORDING SRR G SASS V3 T PM@;.TUR9 CURVES '
'
Cft
In Germ n) bane Sabah, Archie far das E1senhuttenweaen, v. 2 Jen-Febs
p 43--+7 discussion p, 48.
Design, operation, and result. The instruemeut can be used to a tu,dy
various metallurgical problems, such as the creep reaietanae of eteela.
27 references.
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1949
XCUBD$l t CREEP RESISTANT ALEX, K. V. neey and M. T.
Journal of Research, v. 27, sec. F,, Feb* p. 80-98a
and above. Certain eombirs tionn of the three metals possess tensile
y of a aeries of these alloys to develop one for use uder stress, at
engthe well over 100,000 psi. at room tempcraturej certain characteristic
microstructures, dependent upon the ratio, are essential for these high
strengths. Creep-rupture tests at ?15?C showed that some of these s.l.lcys
in may re>speeta to existing high-temperature alloys.
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1949
SO EXF + WITH Tl QR BER VIOUR OF V9` RIA $ A. JobannsoA, Engineers
Wiest. v. 10, Oct 1949, 349-342; disouasion, p. 342-344, Translated and
Oondenzed from Te ssk Tidek ift, V. 79, Feb. 19, 1949 P. 127-132.
. with high-4 pera' a materials steam tiorbines gas
sting mlobinte1.
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1949
NWWXCAL ?R(PERTSE CF BOILER sTEEI AT KXVATED ER s (In Snedish)
to r Lill jokvisty, Jsrnkont3rots Anraler, v. 133, No. 11,0 pp. 519-540.
Meohanioal properties, especially yield points, of 14 swedish boiler
steels were investigated at elevated temperatures. Average .old points
at temperatures between -40 and 4?C are clxrted. Tensile strength,
elongation, and reduction in area are also sh wn graphically.
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1948
1NFLUITE or CC ,N OF CARBON, CGf ROUUM3 AND TUNGSTEN ON C NICPL
PROPERTIA5 OF CERTAIN VALVE 3ThE , (In French), S. tioshiba and K. Tanaka,
Circulaire d'Tnfcrn Lions Teohniqui-st v. 6, Aug.Sept.Oct. 1949, p. 395-399.
Translated from Tetsu to Hagane (Japanese)? v. 34, Aug. 1948, p. 13-15.
Tabulated and aharted data including transformation points and effects
of temperatures ap to 1350?C on mechanical properties and oxidation resis-
tance show that Cr-I steels are as satisfactory for valves used at high
temperatures as Chi-' steels.
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1949
STHDIS6 ON THE CHANT OF VARIOUS PROMRTIE3 OF NgTALS AND ALLOT DUE TO
TWISTING. I. (In Japanese) Nabuo Shiota and Chyoei Onozaki} Nippon J'inzokut
Ga kai-Si f Jnl of the Jap=an Inst. of Metals),, v. I3: Aug. P. 37-39.
A simp a twisting n Chile. .pa rt includes electric furaace for
at elovated temperatures. ypical results showing transformation
for various nonferrous alloys.
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Csech. 1950
W ION AT H ION TEMPFIkiUM. (In ech.) Alwander A. t h t ckov, H atniolrae
Liacty, v. 5, Feb. p. 52-56.
TWO theories have ben proposed for correlation of r+a axstion and creep
data (the ti me-hardening and the strain-bar rdening theories) . ?cperiaental
data show that neither theory correctly represents the above relationship
because reelaaaaati caa differs from creep in connection with both the eaechani an
of plastic deformation and the nature of internal " ro echanical" processes.
that strove relaxation must be investigated independently of eraep.
17 reference
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926103100040001-4
1950 To ?) V-
1950 pp 1079-1082*
OF THx CREED' OF METALS (In Russian),. V. I. Likhtman, Dokiady Akademii
SSSR (Reports of the Academy of -Sciences of the USSR), new ser., v.72,
Creep was theoretically investigated at room, high, and low temperatures
under different applied loads, Formulas are proposed which describe the
constancy of internal cohesion of metal during creep. An equation for determin-
ation of the miniiia rate of oreep is derived and interpreted for different
values of the variance.
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Russian
195
S'ST1 MATIC INVESTIGATION OF THE RATE AND TEMP tkTURE DEPENDENCE OF RESISTANCE
TQ BWTION Cr SINGIE-PHASE METALS (in Asian). L. D. Sokolov. Doklady
Akade ii Nauk SSSR (Reports of the Academy of Sciences of 1 USSR), new ser.
v. 74? Feb. ii, p. 839-Saw
Investigation for Pb, Sn and Cu from room temperature up to their respeo-
rive melting points and for various rates of deformation.
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Ruasia
1950
MHO OF COMPiESSION TESTING, (In Russian) K. K. Likharev. Veatnik
nostroeniqu (Bulletin of the Machine Construction Industry), v. 30 Naar.
Paroposes, for testing of materials in the uniaxial, uniformly stressed
use of hollow cylindrical teat specimsna whose ends are conical surfaces.
The concentrations of lobar, stresses encountered in conical solid specimens is
thus eliminated. Tests of mild and red-hot steel, aluminum, silumin, br&se,
reline, and gypsum. Formulas for calculation of data.
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A I?'~.;VIs~711 OF TT- ; I ORLD LTTFRATUF, ;
ON TIC
CR:CEP OF TNETALS AT K:HWATED TEf PI?;RATUR:NS
25X1A
Purpose: The primary purpose of this survey is to determine the relative activities
in the various countries of the world on the specific subject of the creep be-
havior of metals at elevated temperatures. A secondary objective is to ascertain,
insofar as it is possible, the sources of information generally available to the
U. S. S. R.
Method:
1. All readily available sources on the published data on creep of metals
over the years of 1945 to the present date were reviewed and compiled in Appendix I.
The principal sources of these data were:
a. A.S.M. Review of metal Literature, American 3 ciety for Metals,
Cleveland.
b. iaetallurgical Abstracts, Institute for Metals, London.
c. Engineers Digest, London.
Cross-references and secondary sources were investigated. Undoubtedly a
few published articles may have been overlooked.
No data were available on unpublished reports of companies, scientific
laboratories, or government laboratories of the countries in which it might be
presumed that research is being done in the field of creep of metals. Such data
could only be obtained by direct visits to foreign countries and direct discus-
sions with the personnel engaged in this work. In some eases, e.g., the U.S.S.R.,
-these missing data might be quite voluminous. The impression is verified by
the general articles reproduced in Appendix II. Apparently most of the research
being done in Russia is not reported in literature readily available to engineers
and scientists in other countries. These factors must be considered 17hen the
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attached data are evaluated.
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2. A simple statistical method of assembling' the data was used. Articles
appearing in the open literature were classified as to whether they were primarily
theoretical (T), whether they primarily concerned engineering data (D) or whether
they were devoted primarily to equipment (E). The number of articles on creep of
metals is summarized in Table I as to year and country.
Other methods may prove superior to this method of reduction of the data.
Perhaps the number of words would have been a more significant quide as to the
extent of activities in this field. Undoubtedly a critical review of the quality
and uniqueness of each article would better serve the objectives of this survey.
But in view of the crudity of the available information, and in view of the
knowledge that this information might be quite incomplete, the easy method of
analysis by articles was adopted with the hope that the qualitative trends indica-
ted by the data might be somewhat significant.
1. TvTore than one-half of the total publications on the creep of metals
over 1945 to 1950 originated in the U.S.A., whereas about one-fourth of the
publications originated in England, and about one-eighth in the U.S.S.R.
a. The U.S.S.R. publications are predominantly theoretical su-gesti_ng
that the investigations on creep properties for engineering data are not
being published.
b. There appears to be very few publications on creep in Russian
journals in 1950 suggesting that additional restrictions may recently have
been placed on publications in Russia.
2. Most of the creep data available to the U.S.S.R. from sources outside of
Russia probably originate in the United States of America.
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 ~ftIOA003100040001-4
)'"` 25X1 A
25X1
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I rerieu' of Russian -uuiallurgiral journals. their origin, hisiorc and untsnledV dist,p-
pearance: with notes an the shifting tactics in tioriet reporting of pro auction figures.
The trova Curtain In
Metallurgical Literature
1'nt I llrrnnIm, ensl'II' i allil IIIsIraels of
^ Itussi:ul nu?talIurgical ai'titles published in
the.tune Issue of.lltIrll Progress were of Ihlitit?ul: r
interest Ili me. bermim, I hale Iieen ruticerm?d with
Itussiai technical pnhlic:ltions for several years.*
The editors remark that the Itttssians nlay eonsidtr
rerlain technical journals misuilablt? for esporl.
unite correct' In fart, This iron curtain st.u-led to
close perceptibly ghoul ten Fears ago. It nlay lit,
,)I interest to record mint-thing further reg:n'ding
the t?bbt and Ilosc of Soviet n1et:111ui'gir;ii journals
since their conlp:tratisely recent inception.
It Al started ssilh the first live-year plan
192;11, Applied Ili the Russian steel industry, this
plait ensilaged the building of such new works as
Magnitogorsk t where eserylhitig is "tile biggest in
the world"t. .1 frightening lack of Russian tech-
nical brains for the tasks ahead bt-r:une apparent.
mill foreigii engineers sere imported. 'T'ogether
with this decant of t'sprrls saute foreign let?hniral
journals. I'mlel'slanhtbly, the Sttsiets slanted
journals of their .\%n. :[till in tltet years betwet Ii
19211 and I9:II, it truly :tstoundinr{ nu?talIll rgitai
literature sprang up.
fht-rr %\;I%, tbt,sr Al. the nion11 It- rtrg:nt ,tf llle
Pile-1?ear Plan Conuuitlct? for the tiled Industry.
?1`-ntlou's \011 - the aolhttr Is tttt nntt[t?sl. lic
st,rlt-d translating foreign mclallurgirll Indices on :t
Iire-I.ou?c b:IVS in I!t_1i, aflul its art'l'.il nI this rtutn-
LIs h-tun I;.n.n-t.t. ht~llussing it lu?riod with lilt- shttrt -
Inttl Iiepubllr tSlt-clt lit-seart-11 Corlt. In [lit- rarl%
Mao',. Its c,I:Ibllshttl his ,\%u organv.Ilit,n. and fla,
1" it de,t rtbetl bs lilt- t,f \ inrrlras ttot,t tntint-lit
I e;et.tlfur t;Isls is has lttg ?uot?atl tit abilif% II I lobo teal
tr.utsl.tlutc". Nil . Ifrnlnccr', II.olst.ttit'tis are rspccialls
sell I,n,nsn In tnt-l.Illtirgtral Ltbt.raloll,s and rt-,r.urlt
nnl [till L,ti,.
called 'Si siet Mi?lallitrgy" , Sw,rt.rkollo ?ltrlnllur-
giy,t,. '['his journal appe:ded thinly to iron ;lid
steel engineers anti also r:u'rit?tl the ntonlhl} pro-
durlion figures of lilt- "rapitalisti,?" crttintries, but
sfgnilir:idly and quilt. in hteping will[ tilt- iron
rurtnin mentality. not lhost' fill- Itussia. I hose
No. I amt 2 of 193tt, so Iht- journal must brie
tasted at bast (ell \u'ars.
.\n well older technical journal ssas "\lelal-
Iurgist'' ?.llrhillur!,,? it 11:ttill sonlt-l} made-till
nionlhls, st:n-led ill 19211 and dcsoted lit both fer-
rous anti nnnferl?ntis itntalhn-gy. Till- viretilatioit
rose to -1111111 before this journal disapprart?d
abruptly in 19111. During [ht- 15 ct acs of its esist-
rnt-c, "Metallurgist" piWished more Ih:ol II111
articles on ntetailography, 1:41 till rolling, omit
thar1 11N) on lilt- protturlion if stet?1. almost It") I'll
lilt- prodnrti,tn of pig iron, and 1II1 on the prrt-
duetion and lilt- proressin;; of nonferrous allis.
"Tilt, lescl if flit- articles, lhtort-tir:Ii as \% 01 as
prat-livid. sass remarkably high tut uuse till' suit iii
.
editors sere the best In Iit? found in all It it sslit
lit I1,1211. still another Illo"Illh ).\;t% Ill'
Iht? steel iuthtstry, rntitittl ''.\rhit~sentcnls of \1t-1:tJ
lur9s it Home anti Abroad" U,tnrr: The t-oti
tent sac disidt?rl about labially ht-tsr?en or ginal
eolitriliulions of a prartic:Il nattirc tn.u,l oI thrtn
silh a distant ll~ local slant :nil detail tl .thstraeh.
"fit-11 illtislraled. it lilt- lort?I;.;n hleralur, The tut..
~eplrlnlu r, !'Lift: l'ui," S S t
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of this journal was Short: it ended with Nil. III of
7.
In Ihe mule year. 11121). the old "Journal of
Ili,. Russian \Iciaunrgieal Sueiely" i %lnrrnol lln.es-
kolN, .lieh-Ilarlliche.skolpo Ohsheheshm) expired
after a more-or-Icss coniinuuus existence of ahn(osl
211 years. Among its contributors we field the
Hanes Most illustrious in Russian metallurgy and
melaIlography: I). K. Cherm,v, one of the early
students of metals who achieved international ree-
ognilion: Col. N. 1ielaiev. lung since living in
France: A. A. Rochvar, probably best known from
his textbook on inetall(ography: A. A. Itaikuv, it
prolific writer and excellent leacher (the Aeademi-
cians N. T. Gudlsuv and N. V. Svechnikov, and
Professors N. A. Mlinkcvich, It. V. Stark, and M. P.
Slavinskii were among his Pupils). Other pre-
Soviel journals lo,ssilly of interest to metallurgists
were the "Rallclin of the St. Petersburg Polytechnic
Institute" (1ne.rlijr- SPIT Polifekhniehrskayo lnsli-
h-le), "l'rd Technics" (l'ralskii Tekhnik), and
the "Journal of the Russian Physical-Chemical
Soeicly" r Zhurnal Nusskoflo Fiz:Rhin,. Ohxh-
ehrsluol. In the 1907 volume of the latter. we
Had it paler on Ihe crystallization and structure
of steel by A. A. Ilaikov, the :line Haikov who in
111-1-1 look part in a lively discussion on the use of
oxygen in blast furnace operation.
In 1930, it fourth monthly devoted entirely to
ferrous metallurgy appeared under the nnnnc
'"1'he(ory and Practice 1.l' Mel atlurgy" , Teoriyu i
Prnklikr- ,11eh-llurylii ). Despite Ihe duality in 11.11114'.
aa,sl of file papers were in-alit-al. Like "MeL11-
lurgisl", this good journal disappeared xv'ithuul
warning 1.r it farewell, in Deeemlten 1910. During
the second hall' of its life, it paid increased allen-
lion to prubleuls of plant construction: lime rest
of the articles dealt with iron nand steel pr ohu?tiu t.
rolling. and quality control. Special attention was
given to seamless tithe prorha'lion as, at that time.
till)(- mills were first Martell in Russia.
The year 1930 was marked also by Ihe begin-
ning of the most important Russian journal lite
welding. It is still being published. and received
here, under Ihe (original title "Aut(ogenous Weld-
ing" cAnloyennoe Delu), but the name must not
be taken literally, as all of the welding processes
receive attention. In the same year. Ihe first issue
of the Russian "Foundry" (K.ileinor Dells)
appeared. This was tin interesting experiment
each of the articles could be easily detached and
tiled separately according to it convenient system,
and each page was fully indexed at the top. Even
the translations from the foreign literature were
treated In this way. It expired with No. 6 in I9-I1,
bill may since have been revived.
In 1931, the important event in Russian metal-
lurgical literature was the appearance of "SIvel"
'Stall in the South of Russia (Kharkov). tinder
the editorship of the eminently aisle I. 1'. Hardin,
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 Approved Fo elease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP8
Uf'tal/nrgirrrl ,lorrrnnls Currently Pul,!j.+1,,d in the tirrri"I I ni,rn. !)"A Int?~ti?non' If r?ldink....llnmbin' In.,!'
unit lnstrrnnrnls" (Ind "tfnr?hine RrliMin}f llerulrr fit'. si l reportable. If ben hill thrr bromr "ounuh+rrib,d
ntentllcr of Ilic .tcadcnl}'. 'I'bis journaI, Ihr lift 11
of Iht' series devoted to ft?rrous metallurgy. con-
lained an cn,-rnrous auinunt if information. Each
issue carried from two to four arli,les ,-n each of
the IoIIII,iI I g suhjeet ; I,Ili st furnace, steel pro-
duction. rolling, ^u?tallogralllle, and local treatment.
'l'ucre \\rre also halt-". nn III \\er cronumy and
sr\eral d(L?tiled ah,lracls ,-I' important foreign
IlaI,ers. Without ally ado, llnee \\:u'ning. ibis lint.
journal ceased Irlthlicatioll in I)eretnl,cr 19111. lout
in .lanunry 191 1, a nem one ul the s:,y,tc uauu? ul:ulr
its al,lu?aranee, this Bute fr,-nt tlos,u\\ and tinder
a rehilicelc 11111,114m it editor. It, "n\cr.ge \\ae no
Ies, r\Irnsi\r Ih;ul that of Ilic old "Sled". h,?\\-
r\,l?. Ihree olloel' \\urlh~ journals in the letluus
livid load hecn sarritieed.
Let it, go 1,,n?1, 1, 1 I912. In t11al .\ ear. I1,"
jnurnal "Itare Metals" lit"1 1 llrf,tFll1' made its
al,lu?al;,lle,?: its columns \\cre d(?\(lc,l l,- metals
sorb as 1,er\ Ilium. /ir,?onillnt, "oluntl.iuut, Icu,lalum.
tungsten and uranium. and a mull??r of other
Metals \\It i"h ill this routtlI to III oot he "on-
si,iere,I rare fur r\atnl,lr. tn,d).bdtnutn. tin. nu?r-
I'll r\ :11th ^Iltit1111 . Iirtra"lor ":u'1,i It s also
rrrci\rd Ill 111,11 llrutIt n 1n "ILtie Metals. 11 ,lis-
al,l,c:'r,l \\ilh Ihr Best ,ssur ,-I I9:t'+. m,tl,rr
iournal. -I.ight \I"1.1Is.. Lr,lkir 11. i'iill) . " nrrln_
"\ urea in 1'1:15.
:,lunnnutn ;in.l n1a_11rsiun, also
.t Ittirtt nonferrous journal, "attest "t'??Iorr"I
Metals" ? Ti,..t inur llrbllll! has hcen rltj.?yirl; .1
longer life. t\'hen. in 1:111. it nu?rgr,l \\itt1 "tiol,l
Imlustrv'" . %ulnlolln l'r,-nmyshlrnna.f it ar.luirr,l
the n:rlne ' t?ulorrrl \Iclallurgc" Tsr,rln,ll),r llrl,rl-
Inrvlil/u . huar~rr, it Ila% 'itlce "".morel Its ol.l
moue and al)I,car. a\ Iintts a Vicar. Tits Russian
journal \\ilh French title, .1 trnnb?s .h? t"ht.,IIIIIIr If -
YluFinr .?1 ,Irs .lulrr.c .llrhlu.r l'rrrirrrr. "hi"t ,u
19311 changed its name to '?.1lrtl.ll,?.S lu l, ll: .f,
1'1?1inr. cir. recalls the fart that Itttssl., i,:,?
al\\a\s had .1 nn,-%t iIll l.or1.111 sh:tl'c in hell' \\.'"1,1
it rodit t'tl ll .d 11 no and Ih:1t Ill I. IiI't 1,..u:, li.l,?
I.I:1Ainuln ",-ills \u-rt. slt'urh in that e,~untIx 1,111
nut f,-r long Ow .LuILu' \alue ,-f a :S-ruthI.u?er.
+3.aU \\urn slrur6, \\uuld no\\ hr about 114,
1 tic\er,,1 ltussiau journals 1,:,\r -;Ill wd :11 [1"I,.
in tlon-Hussi:ut Lu,guag,?s at Inr1, s. and
tilt- Iorclgn l:olguugc lrcu,sL,lnnls '.I tin Ial~ ?l
r,.ntruts ha\e alaa~s lien au uoh":,li'?n .I. to
.t
\\hi"tt \\a) the 11? II0"al \\ouI \\.,s ht. \\I I Iit
II\'l.~re ll1" lust \\'II. Ihr \\I-]r 111 1.11 ,11 It unt
I'r"nth1: hcl,.re 1 1 . 1 L dtI'll i n t i r r n I . l n : - I I I I i l i t , -
1 o \ i r l I r i c n I I % I I I \ \ i l h 1 1 1 1 I t ? I . Ihr\ 5 \ , ? 1 ' u ' n . , ' t
r n l l ~ I n l1 1,In II l01 .1 ,Ir.11 \\IIII, III.?I III.' \\.o
l i t I r n ; l l s h . \\1,"n the I r,-n"h rnI -Ir,I II IIlI it. I.
\\1ll lhr'??\1r1, in II. -nl 1 to lh.:its ?n 11, n h..lu t
lrphgrl /1,7, lr).if l: l NL'"' f''
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chromel vs. alumel iron its.
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CWLU Dp ML
1130 PASSAIC AVI., !AST MIWAIK, N. J.
Hu,., lwn Mr fhlurgh?al Journnl?t
, St?rt.. .n p. 311 ,
nu-l tenentls, stunt [lit, Sosirts hots,
L,sl .ill lhrtr `frit-nds- amonC Ihr
\\'rslern ln.~rrs. file laths of r.at-
Irnls base l+n. n iu,I plain ltuss,an.
In 193,21, a sivlh j,.nrnirl d,?votr,l
I.. ferrous Unrlallurgs was starir,l.
''frail ytet.r+lma'%- r1"ralskaya et-
a11i,r11ipa,. Its articles were of a
practical slam. oft,?n ve interesl-
i net. \f o s l of the tot. l\f couse,
IItleclyd the sin vifir nerds of the
I?rals district. This journal di, -
appeared ill lwe,?ntla?r 19411.
Frouii I,rtlay's poinI of view.
Isle mint important journal which
Iuade its aplw?arance in the earls
1930's is "Factors Laboratory"
(la,?odskaya Laboratorlyet. At-
thoug11 the name thus Wert Indicate
it. this is a predondnantly tnetallur-
giral journal: it rotyrrs the Ilchls of
analytical elu?mislrs. physkat mail
mechanical testing o f metals. ms well
as chemical and tn.?talturgi.?al lab.
oratory apparatus. Forlunalel). this
journal has survived the various
Purges- although it discontinued
lutblieation htiw.rn Jul) INI and
December :lilt. The comical of
"Factory I>b,ral.Ky" b ttraritral
and. w Ill Ihr p?ssihlr exception of
the Itaia?rs tin hotmc-mask Iaburstory
apparatus. holds nuajderibk inter-
"Fit outside Itussla today. In 1E4,
howr%er. only a few rxrbaagr copies
seem to tare cons, through.
In 18333. a seventh juneaal for
ferr,.us nk-tallurg apprarsa1 In ltlus-
eow?, "Quality Steel" (kar'hratren-
rraya Stall. It was attractively
matte-up. ^nd carried tsleresiiag.
practical, original articles that were
relalivel) short and often written
from fresh. if r.otirsir,ial. siew-
Is'unls,dealin,; rsnlusnel> silt ullos
siuts and frrrn-altos. Pers. nallti,
I liked it hest beeausr roust or the
palwrs were so brief and 1.. Iht?
Hint. \Chen this title journal as
in its sixth %ear, the h} n.,u
known a\ fell and see hate the
tragicomic picture of a journal
whose editors were so utterly un-
aware of their inilw?nding fate that
in the very last issue, on the nets
fast page, lhcy printed it set of in-
structions on how to prep;u'e papers
Intended for puhlitatiou in their
journal:
So much for the dricily metal-
Inrgical journals. "There are many
others that carry research pal..?rs on
metallurgy, ehielly the physical unit
ehetuicat fnlhlivations .of the Acad-
emy that are shown in the illustra-
tion lx?low. Slxciafized IM?riodicals
in other branches of lec?hnol,!Ry also
print articles of interest to metal-
lurgists. For instance the field of
rrfractorics is ably covered by "Ile-
fraclories" ((),,nrnpory t, which was
started in 'Moscow its 1933. The
content of this journal is theoretical
as well as practical and, as a rule,
on a creditable level. Each issue
contains a few papers on combus-
tion engineering, but that subject
has hatrly [wen taken over by
the journal "Oxygen" (Kislorod).
Martell in Moscow as a bimonthly,
while the war was still on. in 1911.
it covers all phases of the use and
transportation of oxygen and, in
particular, it contains research data
on the use of oxygen in both the steel
and nonferrous metals industries.
(Continued on p. 3701
Titan %s,xwl Ju-mofs All a, Anubsr 4 Sriemnra if tie I .S.S.R. (Acruiona!y /:,xttoia
ituprrs of lukvtW Y lfa4irgials, The Iittas eitalaim" we. (left) Journal of .Ipplied
( +*ti~+?' .ad Jwrarf 4 TWA" I%-I s: (arm ,) &ket awtions of the Bulletin of the
-acrd.si 9f S,?ink" of afar I .S.S.R. PS-,rcal Scrim (a pop), Trdini:uol S.ve>rwe, wed
($ttwtictal &sstmee; (rigk) J,wrad I Pltaiad ISrsmistr, . cad R.-ports of the lvdem"' of
`tenants yl ab I .5.S.N. Tit J.wramf I/ ExiWeiarewta! awd Theu,-twat Physics and the
.3a@ Ph is gat i.Mas !dirt in" p rr tat rapirs uw, aw .n iia tr for phatugruphing.
Thus 4 ale is araajs siesw .e amts an a4? "o.srl.ctilrr lint, as art dr tm ass shams,.
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Alwkwn Awning Ca. e1 Ali.
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K..IVont Metal Awning Corp. of KeolVoM Awninyyf Llmlkd,
Indiana, Pendleton, Indiana Montreal, Ovobec
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KoolVenl Awnings Limited,
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Eastern KoolVnt Aluminum
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KeeIV.nt Aluminum Awning. Ce
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KoelVent Muhl Awning Co. of
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KoolVenl of California, Inc.,
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AMBLER, P$
Maaalauerers of MoIiiurgicd, Apieollurai and -Aarasac.ethd CMwhde
.11011l Progress, Page 370
line inn .1o,.rnals
S/nrfs on p. ,i:ti
\Ilh.ogh flat- t-dilomll ill Metal
Hrorrrvsz rnr imir slat,! 1h-s1 .taut
inforulatinri is availaWc on Ilu.si:ut
ntac?hining praclicc. thin' is it Ihis
.inn ju11rnal deviled culirel to
utachioing Prarlicc an,l thcors and
it is still coming in 'frong. 'I'hc
uamc of This join-ual is S(anAi i
Ins(ruinenl. usually translate,)
"Machine Tools and Instruments''.
:dlhough "\l:n'hine Tools and Hand
Tools" would probable he mutt'
accurate. In earlier years, flit, level
of the contributions was nulling to
get excited aboul. but their quality
has been visibly improving of late.
'I'lls journal publishes tht? Soviet
standar,ls on 11:111,1 tool. au,l ma-
cltine tools after Iht'y h:]%(- rt'eeive,l
official s lieliun. 'l"he whole gauml
of culling and grinding operations
is covered; flier' arc also valuable
papers oil chip forlnaliun. surface
finish mud methods of appraising it.
and rtlalctl tapirs. Each vuhuue
contains a small number of papers
enncerning the ntclallugraphy and
lira h?catiug of luulstecls, and prole
cuts of machinaliilily me dealt with.
This journal pays close attention
to new developments reported in
.(tncrivan .NurllitiisI antt Machinery.
The journals mentioned so far
have been more or less thoroughly
abstracted in this country. 'l'iters'
exists also a whole flock of highly
specialized journals relating to met-
allurgy, modeled after the German
hollse organs. 'l'ht? following dt.-
serve mention: "Central Bureau fur
Ferrous Metal s'' (laavchernicl).
"Southern \lefallorgy" i t'nyurnei ?.
"Urals \Ielalllirgy" ( I'rahnel i, each
serving one or the so-called trusts.
?'here were also special magazines
fur the blast furnaces in Sverdlovsk.
the coke plants ill Kharkov, the
auxiliary rolling-mill utat?hincs in
Sverdlovsk, all([ so oil. WiLuther or
not these magazines have survived
the last war, t do not know; how-
ever, two years ago there was pub-
lished bs' the Stalin h\I Works it
"Collection of Scicntifle-'t'echnical
Papers" on ferrous metallurgy, and
Ii similar syniposiunt must be cred-
ited to the Ilyich Works in Mariu-
pol (Southern Russia). Lesser plants
have issued small minicograpfird
bulletins with technical inforin.l.
tion. For example. the metallurgical
works in Chusovaya (Urals llis-
(Conlinurd on p. 372)
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Although perhaps best known for
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carries a full line of standard steels in stock for fast,
dependable service from our warehouses. These stan-
dard grades include: C-1117, A4615, E4617, A4620y
A4140, A4142, A4145, A4150, A4340, etc.
There are many advantages in using a single source
for all your alloy steel needs, and Wheelock, Lovejoy
offers these extra services - modern heat treating,
testing and cutting, plus prompt delivery of blocks,
rings, spindles and other forged shapes to your
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Call in your nearest Wheelock, Lovejoy metallur.
gical expert-he represents a firm that is backed by
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VL steels are metallurgically constant. This gfarantetts
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It..., Physical Properti.., testa, beat tr..ttaa, .{a
134 SNflcy Si, Caakridie 31, Misse
f\
M
Mefal Progress; Page 372
Itusidan .1ournals
I Starts .I? p. 331,
Iriet) publishes ilir "NIItI Rolle
fin" INITU is sitar( tot loen?1t .t
Engineers and Technician, of III,
t'husovsk `l!etalltirt;iral Al
least a quarter of the 19 issue,
which appeared in 1916 and 1947
IS devoted to papers tin steel melt
ing, 10% on the blast furnace, 95'
?n rolling. There are also ;t great
many original research data for
example, on vanadium slag. The-
entire volume of papers contain.
103 pages with 159 illustrations.
Production Figures--It is. of
course, well known that no Nassian
journal publishes gravimetric nr
volumetric data on production for
staled periods of time. Even the
weekly or monthly publications of
individual works or trusts never
stale how many tons of pig iron of
steel were produced and what the
ylel4s were. About all they say i,
that plant A has fallen short of, or
exceeded, the production goal ttv
so many per cent.
In contrast to the custom of
other countries, "production" at
least in the years preceding the
last war was, for instance, tht
quantity of metal run out of a
furnace without regard to its sound-
ness or suitability; thus. "produc-
tion" included all the scrap and
rejects. At the rolling mill, "pro-
duction" was what went into the
mill in the form of ingots or
blooms, and not what came out of
it. Another example will illustrate
this even better: An order had
been Issued to the tractor plain in
Stalingrad to produce 40 tractors
per day. So day after day, 40
tractors left the sheds; maybe one
of them could move out under its
own power; the rest were pulled
out and then finished outside the
gates. Thus was the "production
goal" reached!
At the time when the heavy
industries were started, production
figures of this kind, of course, gave
an entirely wrong picture of the
situation. There can be no doubt
that, in the years 1929 to 1933, the
production figures published were
not attained. In the years after
1933 until about 1937, however, the
figures published were more likely
to reflect actuality, and after March
1937, the opposite procedure was
adopted and figures published were
(Continued on p. 374)
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ILAZKRETE (11024111F 11)
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2 4 .' BLAZECRETE ("OF)
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3X BLAZECRETE (ax..)
Unusually effective for heavy patching. especially where
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Blaiecrete products harden after only 6 hours of air curing ...
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? I i 111! s 111 s 11'' t IN t s i s 1 *1
Metal Progress; Page 371
f u?1slan Journals
,.tihrrt.' on 1-. 33/
l..mcr Ihon Ih...r arlualls rra.'hr.l.
In till- stnuntt?r of 1!111. the Grr
i n:111 11 i g I I ('..mma 1111 rtlt.rsrd .1 ref
mint( bunk in which Ihr l-a parils
.f Ihr ltusst:(t indtn.II% vas dt
1ai1(d fur Ihr IIilrrcitI I Iranrhr..
shore w(rc data on the rapacity of
file fnrneres. the plants. fhc nuruhrr
of syurkcrs, and so on. This book
had bl-cn compiled kill the basis of
such dale as had Into pnhlishrd
prcviousis in the Russian terhnit?al
literalore. When German espert,
entered Ihtssia in the wake of Iht-
Grrmau armies (and this inforin.r
lion comes front one of loose c?s
perk) III,.) found Ihal. in aetuaiit,
production was considerably ltiylov
than indicated in their reference
hook and that the poIcntials t?aleu
lased on the basis of their list,
sere wrong.
Another example of Ili( elcnnrnl
of surprise and mystery convents
ss ire-drawing this. On Nov. '_$.
1!111. a German committee on wire
drawing was in session and Dar
cording to the minutes) it devel
oped that Russia had placed an
order for nttiltiple wire-drawing
n.achities lu he operated at such
high speeds that the well-known
Krupp \\'idia dies used in them
simply- could not stand the pace.
The Russian purchasing cunnlis-
sion. however, was not sitrIn'ised
at all and hinted that nuaybu the\
had the right die material and. at
rate, they would accept Ihr
any
machines. To this day. no pusitivu
inforutation kin the new die oiaty-
rial has leaked out, so far as I am
aware.
The peculiar reciprocity of the
Soviet Government in the patent
situation niav he cited also. Our
Patent Office library in Washington
has not received full Russian pal-
cot specifications issued in recent
years; all it has are brief abstracts
of these specifications. On the other
hand, anyone here may secure full
((pies of our own patent spec ill-
rations at a nominal fee and n.
questions asked.
.Its far as is known to rue. there
has been no considerable expansion
in the Russian nu-lallurgieal liter:-
lure within the past two or three
years. such as has taken place in
other countries -- for instance. Ger-
(Continaed on p. 376)
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 Approved FoIMKelease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-0092W03100040001-4
YOU WILL FIND IT
VALUABLE FOR
READY REFERENCE
lialrtiMan .loath)
for 1tria11urg
, Starts .n p. ?1.t1
arms. Tnpinnd. lustrilia. Spain and
litan11. I1.,wt?str, the 111J.'41 11% -?f the
Irit,rr+. wJtich tun }cars am" still
was quite st?.tty, has improved.
Stalcnn?nts .f an author that arc
it SLI 5,rfr,l boo fartu.l data. and
+h,.rtrontiptts in csperimcntal lr,.it
.lure, are now in for a reprimand.
in the farm fit an ertil?.F's note.
The acquisili,.n ..f ihrssian joint
nals so far as thus are .,bi:anabfe
has twen simptificd. There is imh
sine channel: The Four t:..ntinc?nt
Il....k I;,rp.. 3A West Milli SI.. \t M
1?rk 19. wh.,se mos) recent Just .d
asailalde periodicals carries 2971
Hurts. including nnmrr..as pr.q,a
ianda indiums tTbr lissooft-r. Cold
lure and Life. !Susirt Sport. S..tirl
\rt. Labor. Pnrlrtent? of Hisbrs.
The Peasant Wc,man. Tlw Y. sag
Iti,lshes ik. ('n.coslikt. It also car
uies an "Imp..rtant Ni4icr "listing
22 iout oils that are `nrrnsbsrribrd
and not asailahk for 119W. Sod
1.o retch. "Fact.rs I.ah..rat,.rs" assil
"Journal of Technical Phssks" were
glared in the owrrsriscribrd rdr
aor) atr..u t the lino ML/ell Pr.,dtrsa
was running its Jsnr isssr with
Ilussiau abstracts Glass ihusr two
journals.
Anil what will hal.prn it %sta
try to break through $hr run rotor
lain to serum irehniral litrt4siit
dirrcllr flout ondividuAto'? flit-for too
lily slur) : .1b.-td three 'rats arr.
the address of use C uottrarllr %.
research engineer at as Institute
in the I rats region app.?arrd in the
)alters Its they Editor euhttan of
an American werhi . C..mradr %
seemed eager for forriga alum
and hence a good Candidate to,
exchange Journals with, to I Is".
gested trade to him and aefuall)
received a p.,sIcard espreaaing his
interest in the proposal and pawn
ising to Iti,k Into the l.ossibililirs
of obtaining back issues tot certain
journals for me. Then, after a few
months. I was asked. not by (:ant-
rade X. bill by a Detroit flrm, would
I kindly pay theta the will of 127.50
covering a book on spectrographic
analysis plus five standard samples
to go with it, an that they could
forward the book and samples to
Comrade X. In the meantime, I had
received from Coutrade X three
copies (fine of them useless) of a
(Continued on p. 378)
40 h 11 No !fir !
This brochure, file catalogue size
x'/i x 1I', contains needful facts
and information on Brinell hard-
ness, ductility, compression, ten-
sile, transverse and hydrostatic
testing machines and prosing
rings. Also information on special
testing equipment. You may at
some time want to have quick in-
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ment and this catalogue in your
files makes such information ayail-
able to you immediately.
Without obligation send me your brochure
on testing Instruments. Also special folders on
following types (check your Interest):
^ Brinell Hardness E] Ducloll"fir
^ compression ^ Ten.lle
^ Transverse ^ Hydra.t.ne
^ hevln. alms
nnt_
Attach coupon to your letterhead
and mall
Metal Progress; Page 376
I a: WW!
rte'
iisM? 1
m.a.ar* R> bwb
i/t 4~ inrrpa+rs dig life f,,r
tt.m-kh.ed Drop Forge by eliminating
wrfarrd6dtni,i emery cleaning at
rod of ions. Hand poli hing i- rut to a
sailsolauslis beratsr it's goon. M 4,r, heat
tr.?ating. Hytirxrfinish rime's., all
Mt-true wale. hoists tolerant and
bases airfare wa anther than han,i
pokisAfng. t:wtimate+ .hoar lly,lr.-
hWill pay for itself out of :,axing,
is two to three year,.
M~1 aimplit'w, manufacture
sad seaistanamr .d bads, di.'. and
tsted.k. Costly hand work is rrsiu,?.si
and imitates are virtually free trim
dirvstiusal grinding line-,. Ilydr,.-
Fini-.h assurer better bonding, elev-
tnspisting, painting gives you the
ear/ere p.s trait within .0001"
Ift AMi M tlitlblf on how llydro
Flaiyh can save you money, write to-
day for Bulletin 1400A to: PASt.:tumN
C'irnrs*ATloS, IPOO Panghsrn Blvd..
Hagrr+town, Maryland.
LAST CLEANS CHEAPER
I
wlth Phi right squlpwant
far awry jab
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 Approved F61-Kelease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-0092WO03100040001-4
CONTINUOUS ROTARY HEAT TREATINQ FURMACE$
For clean harOcning, annealing, normalizing, carhuriting. Ni.Ci t.ing.
etc., of many small parts.
The self-metering feed hopper arrangement permits the operator to
pre-load a one-hall hour charge of work which is then continuousl7 and
uniformly processed without further attention, therehy eliminating costly
man-hours. If desired, a continuous feeding mechanism may he employ rd
nhich completely eliminates the need for an operator.
Write for dallelia 101.4 today.
AMERICAN GAS FURNACE CO.
1002 UFAYETTE ST., EUZAIETN 4, N. 1.
A Little Does a Lot
GCC CERIUM METAL (Ml.chmetal)
added in small quantities to many Fer-
rous and Non-Ferrous Metals improves
the metallurgical and mechanical proper.
ties of the end products.
Discover how a little does a lot by
writing for our informative bulletins.
GCC
-!fetal Progress; ["age 378
Ilust?dan .lournnls
for Meallurg
Starts .it p. aa!
j ,urn:,! 1 t\:ntted. it I Slit! the
t,u,nrv .After Iltnt.'.hence Ifrsceuded
and flint' NN as no otss\er to nn
pleas Ihal Mince b;ttlls .oiled ntaga
/inc copies \.crc really Ie.s thatt I
hit e\pcrlcd to ;;o for i27.:,tN, I
do not know if Cottatle X is to
hlaun? probably he i. not. hceause
rcgul;ttjons 5s ere just thou issued
gocrrning relations hctwecn this
si:tns and non-Itussi:nt., and pos
.ihlc Comrade X did not want to
he transferred front his comfortable
post in Sverdlovsk to less cheerful
surroundings in Siberia.
I shall t?om?htdc this eolmntNary
ssjth an evaluation of the position
of Russian metallurgical literature
wht-n compared with that of other
countries. Thirteen years ago. Dr.
If. F. Mehl of Carnegie Tech made
a care-fnl survey of the nuntht-r of
rescarch articles in the nu?tallurgiiai
ltrld which had appeared in prat
lic;tli all the acientifr literature
of the world in the preceding tw,
yrars.* In compiling the number
of articles front the various cuun
tries. he fount that the quantities
produced had file following relation:
Gernr,uiv 7
United States 4
England 2
Russia 2
France I
Japan I
Ill. added that if quality of flit-
articles were considered, the United
States would be unlikely to improve
its position.
If someone were asked to repeat
Ihis performance for today's metal-
htrgical literature, lie might arrive
al the following numbers:
United States 7
England 3
Germam? 3
Itussia `.~
Any such comparisons are apt to
he challenged and I will gladly bow
to challenges based on actual count.
There is no doubt, however, that in
the 1937 evaluation, Russia would
have received a better rating if the
Russian journals had been more
fully and adequately abstracted at
that time. Today, we simply do not
know. The iron curtain is drawn
lot light. O
*National Resources Committee.
1937, paper on Technical Trends and
National Policy, p. 364,
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100040001-4
111101 %W
Ilu? ptrnrh. (in surli a I.unrh (he gap ruuld be
'_ in. hrtssren punch and snppurling pressure Iclale
Jul fuming 0.112:,-in. Ihirl, steel. This gap ran 1'
,?
111er?eased t., : in. 1f Ihr gap, is inrn?aNell I,-
0U:,1I in. The gap can hr in. nith nAQ.-I-in
ahnuinunl. and 's in. sitk n.050-in. aluminum.
In eunrlusi.,n it Ina~? he said that results so
far hate been most saiisfarlorr. Representative
parts that ssouhi require at teas) I., ruin. bench
stork can n,%% he made \silhout cuts' attention by
Ihr "lap-tap" dc?p:lrlment. The largest blank we
have (?ruled sn far i s sloop 2`1 s a1 i n . . h u t the
L 0
.,nlv limitation in this respect IN the site of the
equipment availahh?. .lathier p.?ssibility. as Net n..t
well rspl,.red, is the 1',1rnrin; anal sinlnltane,in,
shearing in am. direction. S.. much interest has
been shown in lhr pr,u rss by engineers ihn?ugh-
oul Ilse metallurgical industries Ienerallc, that
Ifcdropress. III(-., has bead licensed to nlanofacture
the equipment for general use in h%draulit' tirescc.
11'c are inclined to believe that rueehanieal presses
might also be used. if the press is powerful enough
and if the jasv opening is sufliriently wide to
mount an auxiliary Marfornl unit. A
The Organization of Iron
and Steel Research in Russia
The following statements ore organization (if
ferrous metallurgical research in the 1 .S. S.II.
are quoted from an article by G. 1)ellxiri in
Revue ill- lletallurgie for I pril 1949. This
extract is fndlotted hr editorial remarks concern-
ing the publieution of Russian metallurgical
papers. Ileginning on p. ; 98 tiro p inted e.rferrded
abstracts of rite recent articles from Russian
technical journals. Of particular interest is the
description of a magnetic method of determining
the hartlenabilit>,' of steel (p. 1116), a method
ichieh. properly calibrated, would scorn to /rate
seteral advantages over the nudely used end
quench test. Also abstracted are papers on
maltiple-arc eve/ding of thin sheet metal (p. 808),
effect of grain size on the high-temperature
strength of ausienitie alloys (p. 798), tests for
largtability (p. 838), and effect of alloying
elements on the hardness of ferrite (p. 802).
BEFORl. 11114 scientific metallurgical research
was carried on in the laboratories of advanced
technical schools, the universities, large factories
and large arsenals. Metallurgy was taught in the
School of Mines of St. Petersburg, founded in 1773.
The Polytechnic School of St, Petersburg had a
program analogous to the French Polytechnic
School. At the School for Roads and Bridges,
founded in 1810, there was a center for testing
materials. A large central testing laboratory was
also started before 1914, and one of its branches
Was directed by the oceanographic scholar, N.
i(claiew. Other institutions such as the Upper
Technical School, of which Uimitri Tchernoff
(1839-1921) was a product, and the Polytechnic
Institute of Lesnoye should not be forgotten.
Scientific research in general and metatlographic
science in particular were in full swing by 1914.
After the war of 1914-18 and the civil war that
followed, the Soviet government reorganized teach-
ing and research and founded a considerable num-
ber of advanced technical schools and research
institutes all over the U.S.S.R. At the present time
the number of these institutions and large indus-
trial laboratories is more than one thousand. The
institutes can be separated into four groups: the
-"eta' Progress; Page 772
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 Approved Fol-R- a lease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-0092&4 03100040001-4
Academy of Sciences, ailsanced schools, instilult-s
of (properly speaking research, and lahoralorit's
of industrial research.
The Academy of Science boasts institutes
which are among the best 'quipped in the world,
notably an Iron Institute, in Moscow, with a
branch in the Urals. Its budget is iiireetIy
approved by the Council of Ministers and its presi-
dent is one of the Council of ministers of the
U.S.S.R. The Governtuent entrusts the Academy
of Sciences with basic work most Iniportant it) tilt-
national interest, and the Academy controls in
principle all research undertaken in the U.S.S.R.
The Soviet universities generally do not con-
cern themselves touch with iron; however, some
ten of the advanced technical schools include fer-
rous metallurgical instruction and research. These
researches are financed by the ministry supporting
the school or by an industrial group, but the gen-
eral program unlst Ix' submitted to the approval
of the Ministry of Fwlucalion which controls all
schools, even those depending on other ministries.
Each ministry has its own institutes of
research. The Iron' Ministry has eight inslitules.
The main one is in Moscow; other well-equipped
ones are at Sverdlosk in the Urals, at Slalinsk
in western Siberia, and at I) iiiepropetrovsk.
Researchers are allowed to use the results of their
work to obtain university degrees. A thesis for
(he degree of "candidate" requires about two years
of experimental work: a thesis for the doctorate of
science about five years. Along with a university
degree, particularly that of doctor of science, gox?s
an appreciable increase in salary auid other mate-
rial advantages.
Most of the work undertaken is due tlp the
initialise of tile researchers, but in order to rc 'eise
the necessary financial suppurl they ntltst furnish
a detailed plan, state precisely the goal to IK'
attuned and promise completion of their project
in a rather short time. %N-hen laboratory work is
lot he extended to induary, the rrse:u'rhrr is 11.11
ally given supervision and esett the ext-cution tit
factory tests, or rxprrinu nls in tilt- semi-industrial
pilot plants attached Io the institilles.
Soviet Metallurgical Publications
ARussi;ul tt?xlbook '''Mrtallosedrnir ,
hs .1..\. Itoelit ui l rnnt:lins :ul :Ipprndix esal-
ualing tilt- metallurgical) pnhlicatitln% of .Arias[.
iunntl?It?s. The Loath principal 1111.,1:111 J"nrlials
ark. gisen them as: .Shit Steel Tsve/111r Ilrl,rllrl
\onfrrrus 1letais 1-i,c.,liila St i, tint 1?i:ikli,-
lrinrich(.'/. O o .I rrtrli:n ? li1111riiii of the Ih:nich of
I'hssico-1'hcnlica1 A1l;11y,1'. .:Intl 11111rtt'll Teckluli-
r/rrskoi 1?'i.iki i.lournal of "frrhniral 1'hssicsl.
ihily the last of (hest' is rk.rri%ell aid abstracted
regal:n'ly in the t"niled Stairs.
Papers of nlcl;dlur?gic?aI intcresl ;jr, by no
means limited to the four principal nu?diunls.
Sesettleen Russian journals are annolaled in tilt-
".I-S.M. Review of Metal Literature", and in 1PtK
tilt- Review carried referi'n,ts to 12:1 Russian arli-
eles, of which 70'; were in the following lour
categories:
Analysis and Trstinj
:n:'.
Joining (chiefly are welding)
15
Properties of Metals
11
I:onstillllion of .11II,ys
S
']'his distribution of subjects should not lov
regarded as typical of metallurgical acticily in the
S4uviet 1'nion. It is more likely an indication of
the lylx' of literature considered c?stortahle. Also.
the preponderance of art jute's tin mechanical and
chemical testing is due rhietly to tilt- large mnn1K?r
of short articles appearing in tine' journal, Z,trotl-
akayn Ltthortttoriyn (Factory Labetraloryl. I'alx?rs
about foundry operations, for instance. :ire Miss-
ing: and scant information is :tsailablt? on nlat?hin-
ing practice, all hough the annual prtKlurli.in of
machine tools in the 1 .S.S.I1. has IN?cn relntrted as
increasing from ;-.0100 units in 11139 to I,300,0INt
planned for 1950.
Ten of the 17 liussiail journals eoserecl by tilt-
A.S.M. Iteciew are issued b% the Acade?uly of St?i
dices of (lie U.S.S.R., which pulllishns a Iting list
of 111111r111r., Jotrrnuls and Reports. One tints in
the .Academy publications a great satiety of neelat-
Illrgical information all the wa.% front electron
detasily of alloys Ill such unacademic snbjcels :1,
the heterogeneity of steel ingots .11141 the preheating
oLiiiel in a shaft furnace.
{There is also :mother type tat article which
a11K?ars ,K?rasion:ells nuclei the slamLlrilizedl Lille.
"The Priority of ilnssiau St?ienee 1Cilll {tes1N?ct to
h it, tw ledge 1 'iic ct'It11, . . .- Itegarollev, oil tilt,
accuses of any particular claiul It, pnorily. the
Itussian alt?tallurgisis tire currently turning out
%olnr inlp?rtant rest-arrll. .\[ucriean chemists I1:Rr
recetgltirctl the salve cut Itussian chemical liters
lure, as imlicaletl by the fart that twu Itussian
rhenlieal jonrll:lls are [Wing rrpnblislletl lute In
I:ngllsll and stied ,tit a subsetildintl least, (?r 111
and -'91i yearly. .t, sinlilarl} conlprcht 1lsisr llr?1-
tet for translating and republishing uletaII1Jc9i al
p;lprrs may or 'la) not be -easlhle, but the 1u14'r1-
an?tallur;;ist shouttl n-4 blind himself to a last
Mid .acted :un?uul of rk.st?areh and destloplnent
bring carried -it till-1191)?ul Eurasia. I'k.rtls:t .,I
till- rise t' tt tined al-tract, he;;lnnlnr ?n it. 7tii ?l
tills issue will gist tht rr:ulrr s ,un intlrt?;Iln,n ?I
till- txlu' ul rl-st':IIl-l1 ltrlll:. 1rlnrll-,I. a
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 Approved ForVlease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00926W3100040001-4
I. R. S. I. D.
(INSTITUT DE RECHERCHES DE LA SIDERURGIE)
L'organisation de la Recherche Siderurgique
en France et a I'Etranger'
par G. DELBART
L.a recherche dens l'industne nderurgsque a rte Ion-
tap k fait de savants looks. simplement curieui de
dkouvrir lee virith caches de Ia nature. ou d'ingenieurs
audaeieux decides a pousser jusqu'au bout Ia realisation
de lours idres.
La pionniers de la recherche partirent i l'aventure en
tern inconnue; ifs posirent des jalons sur lee routes qu'ils
parcottrurenl. d'autres let suivtrent qw exploitirrnt les
"to de lours decouvertes. L'individuahsae etait aours
chore naturelle, ii avail sa grandeur.
Sit rtait possible clans le passe a" l'mdividu anima'
on une idee-force ou un ideal. d'agir soul am des
taa0ens prEcaires. it lui devient de plus en plus dificile
dam ks temps presents de progresser scut. La pat
able terrains vierges sort au moms partiellement cUfriches.
dais leun parties lee plus accessihks. ii Taut -parfaire
te defrichement ou mettre en exploitation des term nou-
velIm : ceci demande du materiel. des equipef Sans
dome. lee grandes decouvertes sero t-elles encore souvent
atxosnpbes par des homme4 de genie. mail leer noise en
ap cation eat deli k fait de colkctivites. Les pteuves
t~a lks soot Ii, et now ne reprendrons pas Iea discus-
woos philosophiques sur Ia question de avo4 9'11 Taut
as we organiser Is recherche.
I. tnlportante du developpement de Is recherche dais
we itadustrie psrticuliere devrait normakmesd attic to rela-
taot avec 1arttportance de crate derniere. \'oats, polo 6
alt es 1838 et 1947. 1a ptoducttat annurlk. to nal-
'*'l.aateeru- t~,~e to 4taa ek !? C1~.- tt 11S aaa
s MW
Irons dr tonnes d'acaer.
giques
des prmcipaks nation, sidOrus-
Etat?-Unrs d'Amrrique
28
U.R.S.ti.
18
Grande- 11 r4 'agne
10.5
Alkmagne
20
France
6.2
Belgique
2.$
Italic
I-checoslovaqure
1.7
Cawda
0.7
Luxes xariz
1.4
Swede
0,407
Ind"
A
wtra t
japo
E .sphe
agui
' 1' Ea 1446.
ft,'-
1.2
b.4
0.44
1947
%%
19
12.7
2.741)
2.9
1.7
2.2
1.9
1.7
1.2
1.2
1.2
0.9
0.57
-r -
Comnatrst Is recherche saderuripyue est.elle orjanascr
4aan ces dtfetentes nations) C'est ce que sew= essaseran?
de ttsantrer I la luraere d'tnse documentation sat putwr
dement daats In pays vaates. soai tires mdrrrcteraesit
d"spformations venues des pays lointanu.
Lrs d?cwtsents raswrtebks sogt dasparate, en gssahse et
en quasWe. )e ks at eonlrole+ uu fad conttokr but place
claque fois gut Is chose a iii po"able. dSwi
e+
COPOWAN cupvaancu gaa'th pnm etle des ta< won ft ttrtstflirances. et ?'ea encase
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 Approved For lease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-009265 03100040001-4
I..r let hrr, hr indu?ttrr:lr eux I_lal,-l ni, r?!' h,rtrhrenr
.1 %c-!.,l l.rr enlir 1920 rl 1940 (fill l ), ci ,~ .
I cmrnt r suhr one tmpulu.n tc.nstdttal.Ir iu ,,jut, ti I
clrrntcrc vurnc mc,ndialr.
I,
Dan, un pays aunt sale. Ia contrnltatt~?n Jr
[
techcrchr a I'etlrrlon national lout paraitre dlfItllr.
mat' de tours niamcrrs, le regime hf?etal (Jul % ream
rt l'rxisirnte dr group.-, industnris lurssants sehprrIaorni
1ucn a la drtentrahsatwn. t 'rst to clue I'on oltsfnr lot
tits on examine la siruc turn dr, organrsmes de ret h??rt he-
t?eux-ci sent d'orrgrnrs differrntes. Ili, dEpendcnt n.-tam
merit :
I dt- Ia pi,+lresi''n - sidrrurlrre ri industries n,r.
nnlurs;
2 des indushiir, nrrtsllurltr(jurs apl,arenlrrs nr,krl
tool)bdine, ,anadwm;
3 des unisersitis;
4 des organisnes nationaux;
5 - des laboratoires de reclerches prnrs.
11 n'existe pas. a propremcnt parlor, d'Institut :'ratr?.-
nal de Recherches Stderurgiqurs.
I La profession est, de- loin. crlle qui entretirnl
le mirux la recherche sidirurgique. Celir-ci est surtout
pratiquer Bans ks laboratoires des societe's imjrortante,
comme l'United States Steel Corporation, la B thlerm
Steel Corp.. Ia Republic Steil Corp.. I'Lnion Carbide.
l'lnland Steel, l'Alleghany Ludlum Steel...
Ces Societis qui mainlienneni normalement un contat t
itroit aver les Lniyersites, possedent en geniral un labo-
ratoire de controle dans chacune de kuis usines et un
laboratoire? central plus spiciakment charge des rechei-
ches. Liles consacreni a la recherche des sommes im;or-
tantes (fig. 1). qui ont etc considerablement augmenters
depuis le debut de Is derniere guerre mondiak. Par
exemple, I'L'nited States Steel Corp. A un ilat-major d'
3.000 inginieurs de recherches; son laboratoire central
est 5 Kearny (New-Jersey) ; 11 est dirigi par le D- J.-13.
Austin, et s'occupe principalement de recherches de base.
Parmi ks filiaks dr I'U.S. Steel Corp., la Carnegie
Illinois Steel Corp. de Pittsburg lrosudr un laboratoire
central qui fait un teu de travail de base, mais s'occulrr
surtout des prulrlkmes d'etamage et de galvanisation; Ia
National Tube C- itudie i Pittsburgh ks problemes rela-
tifs a sa spicialite. el I'American Steel and Fire C
itudie a Cleveland i'itirage des fils et des ressorts, L'U.S.
Steel Corp. a igakment fondi, en 1947, i Duluth
(Minnesota). un laboratoire tres important lour le traite-
ment des minerals.
L'industrir automobile et Jr constructions meraniques
fail des recherches Clans le domaine plus limiti de la
metallurgic-physique : proprietes des mitaux et traite-
ments thernuques.
2- Des Societe: alliees 1 la Siderurr;ie,
comme !'International Nickel C . la Climax Molybde-
ETITS-U N IS
t3'AMERIQUE
\n;, i,, i. it
nutm l . I.. \ in rcltum i it
iahx,rat+arr. tvi?sants qui elutts?nt '. , .,, ,r, ? e- Jan' l:t mesure tw ceux-ci sent su i:- \la sr
i Dans tea Universites,
IA1e 9 tout naturrlirmrnt one pl s. r 1.11? pcefn et l4
a recherche tin-liquee n?rn rst t,.i? pour sria up,
en lsartrtnun Ins recherche. tnlett,..tnt :a Jet.-r.,
nale I,.-Ur Irs.luellrs sr, organsme. ,r.,a..'nr t.,
??I de, .jrdrt> trnlwttaM, Jr I'ITta1
l .r, )alxtr.rtour, 'l,et tshses Jr. I. nn,,,.t,. ..-.
rQalement tk l'Indusittr Jr, e,?rrt,at, Jr ,r.hrosw I't
. ontrat, 1 lou}.wrs hrntirs en hind., . I cii s.yo tti
lots trade, pat l'rntriniedrarrr tle? .t???a..tlnm, let*
"ns ealnlaux. tummy I'Amen,,ur .1~,rh I,r l
lfatrrr.rls (A.S.j. 1.). t'-\nrrrrt.tn \ ridtna _
lorsqu'r1 s'agtt Jr rrc-lwrt he' tntere..,tnt ! rn.rnrf.l, 4_
I-rofession
t # } ' f
I t
+ t
? t
t* t t t 7
t
r
,
t t
{
tt}}
i
*
, !
:-
ti I
il
l I l +! #t
FT-1
I T
I
Ili t
Napoli racy r*W 0111
,q- I. - I)_prnxs en Ju1l.u,
rrsher,lrtc Jun? rindu,Mie Je Ftut,-l ni? 1'e-.-. or wraMt ?
.U. .'.Iuu:in : La re.hrrchr teshnrqu. , re- sin M.
nile cn Some it uui Elate t'ni,, mat 1947
Les Universites trchnologntut?. nr?r,ttirnt urn- tra611R-
a se speecialiser sort Bans la metallurcte Iunuque O
t:himie des metaux i 1'etat liquid.-), .it dress la abiP
lurgie physique (etude des dlagramnrt?s d'cgwlibrr 1'4U
solide et des proprietis des metaux) .
Les Unisersites les plus mrprrtanlr, Ju pots Jr
de la metallurgic chimique s?nt ituer' dens I'Eat- C'
sont :
a) Le Massachusetts Institute- of I-rrhnokgy. a Oil'
ton (c'est III plus imlortante dr? rcole, prolyMda
amiricaines; elle etudie. notamment, le, problem" 6
traitement des nunerais dr (Cr sous (a direction du 1"
fesseur Gaudin) ;
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 Approved ForVIease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-0092603100040001-4
L'ORGA\'1SATION DE I.A RECHERCHE Slt)LRL'RGIQCE EK FRst\CE FT A t.'ETRA\GER
Is) le Carnegie Institute of Technology. i Pittsburgh;
t Ia Purdue University.
L'enseiWment de la me tallurgie physique est donne
s spfeiakment a :
-- J'Institute of the Study of Metals (de I'Umversite
de Chica o)
. i Notre-Dame University.;
h la Purdue University ;
i1 l'Universitc de Californie. is Berkeley;
-- et aussi au Carnegie Institute of Technology.
On trouve ttgalement des laboratoires de metallurgic
Bans Ies autres Universites, mais les laboratoires de
recherche. soot moms importants.
Au California Institute of Technology. of l'on forme
##tout des ingenieurs-mecanieiens. un sours sur la phy-
sique des metaux est enseigne.
Ces Universites maintiennent aver I'lndustrie. pour la-
tlk elks travaillent i?galement, un contact permanent,
et dtsposent souvent de credits imixtrtants. Par exempk.
l'UniversitC de Michigan dciense pour la recherche envi-
acn 20 millions de dollars par an. dont 200.000 dol-
lars pour la metallurgie.
Les chercheurs dcbutants gagnent, dans les Universites,
environ 250 dollars par mots; lour salaire dans l'indus-
trie serait de 25 a 50 r plus Cleve. Les chercheurs
accomplis peuvent atteindre 450 i 500 dollars. Le cadre
drs I;rofesseurs comprend. dans l'ordre croissant de la
hiirarchie, le% Assistant Professors .t, lea tt Associate
Professors ,,. (es Full Professors ; ces derniers recoi-
vent un traitemeni do 600 a 700 dollars maximum, tan-
tis qu'un chef dr service de I'industrie gagne en moyenne
800 is 1.000 dollars et parfois mime 1.200 a 1.500.
Mais le professeur ajoute generakment i son trailemenl
officiel des honoraires de conseiller technique. La lot de
l'offre et do la demands joue d'ailleurs ferocement et it
eat frequent qu'un tourneyr gagne plus qu'un ingcnieur et
tan souffleur de verre pld, riu'un professeur d'unisersite:
4'' Dan' les organismes nationaux, 1' .. Office of
Scientific Resarch and Development' ? financait pen.
slant la guerre des recherche, inieressant surtout Ia di-
(raw nationals. Celle'-ci etaient faitc"S Bans des labora-
taires prises, dens les Universites. dans la division metal-
liique du Bureau of Standards ou au Bureau of Mines.
tuns deux organismes d'F-t.rt.
Le Bureau of Standards rst. somnu n1 nuns
I'indiquc. specialise daps Ies questions d'etak*agr 4`1 &
mesures, mail possi de E?galement un d=parteane4t de me
tallurilie pour Ies recherclics trlatisrs .salt met t.
Le Bureau of Misses a pour missives la muse en
vakur dr: iessourccs naturclk' du pays. Son activists est
iris decentrahser et Ies contrats qu'st passe avec l'Indus-
trte et Ies L nl%ersttis sent d'une .spplicatu.rs trigs soupk.
Le Bureau of Mine, ne fait pas de recberches sur Ia
plIytique des metaux, m.11+ s'ai>fslique particuherernent i
l'tttde de Ia ttansiormalurn des minerals et metaux. 11
potatde de nombreuses station' rw Pen etudic Ir mineral.
tidrurgiqucs, en oart_irulier calks de Minneapahs. de
Salt Lak: City, d lustalsso'a. de Boulder City. the
College Park. Il possede egakment des deisartrmews I
metallurgic et d'ekctro-metallurgie; en part,culsea. Ii
travasix tres important sue la thermochinue 'oat poursm-
sss depuis sk nombreuses aunties a la station dr t eAirk>.
en Californie.
L'U.S. Navy inane, de son site. des recls.-rthr'
interessant la defense nationak.
Enin. la Commission de l'Energse :\tomique tall exe-
cuter pow we temple des recherches sun les mrtaux resi-
tant aux t atures ekvees.
5- Aux entry de recherche. industrreis nationauu
et universitaires viennent s'ajouter des Instituts de
recherches privtiis i but lucratif eve non. Les resul-
tat}des recherches confiCes a ces Instituts alvpartwarwnt
generakment i I'industriel qui a pose le probkme. et ne
sont alors pas publics.
Les plus importants d'entrr cut. du paint ds %u tie
iurgique. sort
--- k Battelle Memorial Institute;
- le Mellon Institute of Industrial Research.
- I'Armour Research Foundation
viennent ensuite :
- le Midwest Research Institute.
- le Southern Research Institute;
- le Southwest Research Institute;
- le Standaodd Research Institute ((ahf(Irnta rt
Pacific North West).
Le Battelle Memorial Institute (Colonrbu,
Ohio) est une institution fondue en 1929. par un don
de Gordon Battelle. C'est un laboratsure prive. travail.
lant sans benefice et installs dan, de trts beaux bats-
menls avec un equipement achete et renouvelk griicr aut
revenus du don. Les detenses Jr. recherches fasces en
1947 ont atteint 4.250.000 dollars. soil ensiron 25 '
I-our Ia metallurgic.
Plus de 250 recherches y etatent en touts. la nremr
annul. dont 60 r financees par l'industlte ct 40 '.
rar it Gouvernement. Le personnel cit passe de tibia. au
I" ianvier 1947. a 1.028 au I deseibte t'1147;
60 '-; sort des technicians. 40 ', wvartictin nt aux
t?ersoanels administratif et suxiliatre
Le Mellon Institute of Industrial Research r
its fonds en 1906. d'.i1 s un programme riahb par Ir
D? Rt&rt Kennedy I rncan. ftui perrnettatt d'apiaiuster
des .Aellosss faisant des rethrrchrs clan. Ic, l nsset-
sNes r tea inderstriels. Iusriu'rn 1927. l'laernit hi
l artie I I'l,'nisersitr de Pittsburgh. I )epws tors. it e.i
dirige un slat-major responsible rmers k C.'nanl.
OAF l'intermediaire du l)trerteur. 1.'Inslitrrt s os parr aver
I'l..'niversite de Pittsburth et se, nsembrr' prusent I pas-
ser lours examen,. mats le, .. fellows . du \lell.xs (nsit
Lute not le status dr' travarlleurs satarr'
En 1947. k-r dipense, pour Ia rev hrr, be tore M spplt-
(juee se montarent a 2.697.982 d,dlars. (.c perwmrtet
r,exnrsrenalt Ni ? kilu%%, hr+t Anaunte21i) aide, En
1947. 8() txoaets Jr tuts. etaxnt err sours. dont 6 drlatts trentr an, et plu?.
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a .A t,Nt inaluattir rS .e
rsr Un 1&h* tAt.41f Jr tea twit
,frsrlty trrirsPW drs rrassntl. ra
+~Irdtflr-\\ est ( )n t tall lieu
tsp. rrra/? .UUTt,w1 a-1it.--
met an"jur Atillt(iti r
.y ',., r, tertt'rt?i
tttutrilr. , -. t
tt.' + A!v t...
Lr !, Southern Research Institute.
fr en 11)41 rt utrnk.
e
mtntth.im (Ai.thatnt) t/,n
})__
' ) rtrtr' and l?, iniriris Jr. ?.?ttlm inalit4lrr
nt.lammrnt SAn' twhlN.$ion Jr. irault.tit
I.e. delat n,e' dr ir, herifirs ?.- ..?nt c..t.- . `~.
a plus dr 4 l f)(H) sf.,llars. 41) rt,Nfr? rte ..air....
..: r'. Yierr r"'-. l'
?.tu- Mir
I :jr - - l irre du nirmaur dr %1 1f-- La rrchrrrh;
hmqur son e'g..n.?.rrr..n t. en ~ .. 't". flai-
l nib- ma, 19471.
drputs btngt-tlnq ans. if debuts qulnl,- an* et Ic) dr
puffs dix ans (fig. 2). Cct Instltul fail des rrciritlies di-
t himie et do chimir-physique iwirt
L'Armour Research Foundation of the Ins-
titute of Technology a ere funds a Chicago en
1936. Cest une Societe parliculiirr, bun qu'lle dcpende
rn Bartle du President el du Conseil d'administration
de 11llinois Institute of Technology. I3epuis sa fondation,
cette organisation it entt rcmrnt par r11r-in me. rntrete
nant son liersonnel et son equiprmrnt.
En 1947, ies recherches subsenlionnt=ra par l'industnr
et le Gou%ernement se writ montees a 2.551.854 dol-
lars. Sur 105 pro)ets de recherchcs en tours au I- set}
timbre 1947. 39 ctaient subventionnc' par le Gounei-
nement it 66 par l'lndustrie.
l.a Fondation comprend trots division' -
1 la division des recherches;
2 la division des mesures magncttques;
3' la division des recherche' Internationale'.
Celle derni re division a etc organisce reremment lxtur
faire dr, recherches pour lea gouvernrments el le- mdu'
inrls strangers; cite a son stegr a Mexico Cite
La division des recherche' comprend des dcpartement
dr Ph -itique. Chimic et Industries Clumiqurs. Alstaux.
Ceramiqucs et Produits minsraux. Elcctricitc. Metaniqur
apnliquce, Industries mscaniques.
L.r personnel stair de 488 personnes au I ' septemhre
1947, dont 322 savants et techniciens. Parmi turf.
12.5 ' assurent la direction des recherche- scientifi.tur?.
el techniques. 59'-, writ des chercheurs, savants ou
ingenieurs; lee 28.5 r,' reslants sont des assistants teeli
niqurs et scientifiques.
jr .Midwest Research Institute a rte organise
en 1945. i Kansas City; it fonctionne comme une institu-
tion do rich-rche indepenclantr. a but lucratif. travaillant
sir 194 r'. d?att M) l?ntt i'lnalu.tli?? t i
(?xttrrnrmcnt. 14 tklur i.i hi,.. hinu. . t
Irut liropre tomptr
Lrt rt [if s ebbs a $0
1. t .i un drpaltrnr?ni J. mrtallur,or
Le Southwest Research Institute i ?t.
1947. pre' dr San Antonio. liar sin d-n d- I,.ra S4
I. n druxtemr lalhoratoirr .ri u installs a 1 i?ustor 4us a
l,rtrolrs. On n's fait hlt enc.-it dr nirttllwKrr
I.e Standford Research Institute -i . tr ., r ,stf
went rn coo oration par Ica industrirls di la t aa6a
ct de is region I'at thque ,\. "d-t } m. -t 1 'I uiw s.r
nitati?n sans Ixneh,r Lute thus rntl,','IiSNhr tutu ?
types de recherche' l?rur l'indust,ir rt It u?ut?taeew
It rst equips lsxir faire dr, rrahctthr, .sit 1 ttritYtifi~
du tratail. lea marches et .tut-i dr' unbrides trchow
d- F'hysittue. !'humus, \h'..ainqur. IfitrlojZte
Bien qu'rntrtrrmrnt seo.srr dra I. mtriiilrs. d of a
Pendant rn liaison abet elles
L_'Engineering Research Association b
come, Minneapolis. .u err fonds a la ho di- a PO
liar un groups de sat.snts et inirrnirur? ,ita .ss caret e
c1!
.aillc Jr Concert trtwr IA Marine it ont dr s et r?epu-
Irs; lour importance a dou-
blr depuis 1939.
La recherche corporative
heft une place partieuliere-
ment intporlanle. Les dipen-
ses qu'cllr occasionne sent
lsatistes. delwis di: ans. de
300.000 a I million de Ii-
- res par an.
La recherche
dans la siderurgie
Trois grandr organismes
dominenl 1'activite techni-
que et ccientilique de la side-
rurgie
la British Iron and Steel
rcderation ;
l'lron and Steel Institute
- Is Rristish Iron and
4ee1 Research A-Lso-
ri,t-?w (B.I.S R.A.) .
La Federation ou
C'hambre patronale de la Si-
un grand developpe-
dans irs laboratoires
Jrru grr. a pour Irut rs.rnlirl ,.assume '..i I.s.n,,e 11
dr I Industrrr. Jr c.,nl,i,lr, 1.1 pr.riu, t,.rtt ,,.,r ''
cc ,rtr,.lw?s et .1at1.I1AJUr,. J, ,us;. r J. y,tn..ttlM it
t. , ,tr?grytrr
rnsta at,on, noun riles du point sir % ii.
-enfc . asst I'aide Jo IIINR.\. ,or srs nasmihsmM
lation ???nl burn Up 11, date r-1 A deer rtu'elhr g
pltquenl le. c?nnars?,uts. ? Ir, pies ,cr rmntn r atmor
dans let &,maine' .uentrh.lur rt I.-r Iiantur
A
L'iron and Steel Institute ,t1?ir,rntr is jft*
sa-ante t banter de .tlmulrr it-, .is Itsjtr. ?s,rwsdtrlass,r
Irtlrniquet, pat I'ciude en tc,mnn??u,n sIr uret, & *,a*
Irs pubhs aiions. Ir, tours de twi ict t,,.nnrment- is ra
Kres. let relation, asrc 1'et,anrr,. t. uiauws Je n tadw
son( fames asrc Ic tons.?ur, dr l.c Frderati,r q 4
BISRA.
Le BISRA, durt{e par Sir t, h.crlrs C?+.ulrs.?, al
l,etialrment charge dr 1'c xis ut,r,n Jr, ,rthercira
dans ses laboratoirrs piuprrs Jr I-t.nJ,r, (I1dIrr .4
Birmingham, de I1illlwrt, de ,ss ansra..ta1 dins hs kk
moires d'1 niversite. du Nat,.,nal Ish-,ecal La
()U des urines, asrc Iesquels Ic IIISR;\ passe dM ew
bats. Le schema de son org.rn,..ttion rst J4,rsar tlwli
hgurr 3. D'un role sont tlasse. It-, Jrpartrrip e
recheidirs asec Ieurs laboratc,urs. ou Irurs buiea*. j
I'autre. Irs di-uion-s nu scrsur, Charges dr c:.or&
I ORGANISATION arDIVISIONS n D PARTEMENTSra RECHERCHF:S DU B.: SAA
Co n ti e i 1. 4 . ad m. n. N rst.on
Dir?cteur
I~rtsr manta
physique
~.,..,.-.-- a.,. .
d,..a~ . -
Ch. -
a..... -.
Mlue,,S.
A, - d &uo..
,sr. tea,,
T_ on?
-. 5.. ,M .. ::.s.-;i.
i
Aar, ,..c .::_?
0
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 Approved Fo lease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-00920*003100040001-4
de Is fonts. la fabrication de I'acier. la trans-
on de l'acier. la fonderie d'acier. la technologic.
firmati
li tltallurgie physique.
Natutelkment. les liaisons et ks accords sont etablis
ales les organisations corporatives voisines. en particulier
&ec Ia British Coke Association et Ia British Refrac-
tries Research Association.
Cow sous l'avons vu. le BISRA posside plusicurs
laboratoires propres et it envisage d'en construirc d'autres.
., t t t
Physique de Battersea. dirigce par Mr. W. Thring.
Cc laboratoise occupe me sosxantaros? Jr i'cls.Htses.
reparties dans des services achninisiraiils et surtttUI clam
ks cinq divisions de recherches sttlsaates
I.- Physique generak;
2?? Instruments de mesure;
3- Chaleur et thermodynamiqusr .
4' Mecanique des fluides;
5?' Mathematiques statistiques.
Cc laboratoire a cte instalk do 1946 a 1947 et a
deja produit un certain nombre d'etudes inictev%antes stir
ks applications industrielles de la physique.
Le hnancement du BISRA est assure. phirtte par
l'iron and Steel Federation, partle par I'Etat.
11 amble que l'organisation de la recherche au sein
de 1a profession et a l'echelle nationals act ete concue et
roe on Allemagne. bien plus tot clue dans les autres
d'importance siderurgique a pscu pros equivaknte.
la, en 1911. existait a Berlin une Kaiser Wilhelm
Cesellschaft zur Forderung der Wissenschaften (K.W.
t); Belk-ri vient de prendre le titre de st Max Planck
Cresellschaft ti.
Cette Societe, au capital de 15 millions de marks-or.
s'itait donnee pour but de creer des instituts dans lesquelt
in chercheurs scraient degages des charges de 1'ensei-
pnement. Elk avail tree. entre autres.ren 1912, un ins-
titut de Recherches pour la houille a Mulheim. Bans Is
Ruhr.
Bien avant cette epoquc (1860). existait une pujs-
sante association d'ingenieurs, de techniciens et de patrons
qto. antes plusieurs denominations. prit le titre de Ve-
rtin Deutr.cher Eisenhiittenleute (1881). Cette
association suscitait l'etude en commun des problinses
techniques intiressant la profession. Elie comprenait. en
1938. 6.686 members et disp osait d'unr bibliolhcaue de
68.000 ouvrages. l.,rs etudes techniques etaient dirigees
Par des Commissions spxtcialisees dr 10 a 20 memi,res
chacune. done Ies principales etaient Ies suivante. :
I " Minerais;
2-- Ilauts fourneaux'
3" Aciers Martin et Thomas. product. refractairrs:
4" 1.arainoirs:
5? Materiel metallurgique :
6- Lssais.de materiaux.
Le president de cr, C?mmitsiont cot choisi parmi kt
Uxcialistes ks plus actifs it Ies plo' spirt s presider aux
Visions Pendant Iongirmps. it fut dif6cile de faire
.y+rti er ks memI're .Buz coniioserses: nsait le' Com-
^rwons prirent une sic plus intrn?e a la suite du rem-
t4aceroetlt odes .tutodidas tr. 1.at de )runes Ingrmrurs
dent de chaque t'ommi?ston rot aide' par on
~usfRl`RtaLlt'E r:x FRANCE ET a L'ETILS.SGER
suivre lea recherches faites a 1'exterieur. Parini les
ingenieur apppointe par le t'erein. remplissant ks lions do secretaire, d'organisateur et d'agent do liaison.
Le role principal des Commissions cat de determines
lea sujets qui mentent d'eire mis a i'etude rt de Irouser
le praticien capable Jr resoudre chacun d'eux.
Les Commissions etabh.scnt des plans de travail et
repartissenl eventurllement Ir travail dans let usinrs.
Celks-ci ire montrirent pas toujours la meilleure solontr
pour cc travail colkctif. surtout tant qu'il V. rut des
dirigeants autodidacts.. Pat hi suite. le travail en com-
mon devint Is rigle. cc qui n'emper bait as les usines
d'etudier pour leur propre comptr des t>?-hlemes parti-
culiers, et de prendre des brevets. Les Nudes corpora-
tives furent plus ionic. a s'etablir 1tarmi let acierle fin".
macs leur ralliement se re-alisa cependant i*'u a pro.
Le travail ayant t4C reparti ri execute. Ies rape vets
Borst adresses separement au secretariat de Is Commission. rassembles et coordonnrs par has. I.e rapport d'en-
semble est presents au court d'urw reunion par Ir sec re-
taire de Commission it la discussion .t lieu sous I impul-
sion du president. Rappwtrts rt discussions -Mt grnrlale-
mert publics- Tous let deux moil ens iron .t lieu un" r-u
nion pltniire des Commissiow d'lnf,--m,- lrs.
Les 4lications du Vrrein soot Stahl and F.
aui reproduit d,- preference let memotres trchnutue,, ri
I'Arehkr fir Jas Eurnhultenleulr. Out .cwntihour (rite
separation des publications technique- rt ,cientil?tu' s'r*t
reveler utile pour sati.fairr let Ingenrrurt rt ks s her-
cheurs.
Le service de dot umentatit,n tint wt hs hr, au tour k
jour: ks tableaux dr referensr peusre.t amts paraitre des
la premiere quinraine cfr janvirr pour Panne, pwerrdrnte
Parini ks qt la,lont ?IVnalers rnmme farts. uheirrarnt
efficaces. on the lee u':+ratr.i? fir QaIi. o. d e..n-
tr81e thrrnsiqurl oui rnrnt)rrnalrnt tr?'t, burraul tKuhr
Carne. Hauer-Sik 1r) sere doUtr If(tenuu~r", au tot I. qui
aliment d'uwrw rn urine dons le but dr kin lure ,eatt,er
des economies de r .5 5bustible
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 Approved Forgolease 2003/12/04: CIA-RDP80-0092 03100040001-4
Le Kaiser Wilhelm Institut
fair Eisenforschung
I.n mars 191 7. le D' Stnrngorum. president du l c-
irin, afbrmait Is neccssi a tour is metallurgic allemande
d'unir Is recherche scieahbque a lapratretuep.xrt lairr fatr
a Ia eoncurrerice mondlak d'ata'% guerre et, rn partx u
Iirr, en hue d'atder i I iudC rxpenmentak jt praiit ue
des Iravaux des Comites du ''l rrrrn. A Is s r de (ritr
declaration. lrstusines allemandr, e'engag-~rrnt. le 19 turn
1917, a (ournir pendant drx ane le, fonds nece+.sarrrs a
Ia conslruclion rt au fonctionnrmcnt tie. labexatoirr.
Sur le plan scienlifique. k nousel mditut 1ul Jifbhr a I.+
Kaiser Wilhelm Caesellmhaft.
Ex prolesseur \ 'ust fut diHiirnr '.ii Ir Gou%ernemrnl
tommc dtrecirur dr 1'lnstitut; rn nwemhir 1917 1)t
1920 it 1921. on tran.form.r en iahoratOires dr. both
ments d'usmes. Le profrisrui Rust fut trmplace. en de
rembre 1922, par son adjoint, Ir profr.srui Korbet. Dc.
laboratoires dcfinilif, furent cttnstruits en 1931, stir un
terrain de 8 hectares offrrl par la silk dr I)utseldr.i f
L'ensemlile des construtliont lahoialoires. balk' d'utt-
nage el de lahoratoirrs le+urdt. annexes. touirr rniuun
4.600 m'. dont 1.500 tour Ir laloraloire central ci Ia
bibliothrque et 3.100 tour Ies halk.. l.a surfatr uttle
des laboratoires est de 5.600 m=. L'r(frctif s'elriait. en
1936, a 130 twrsonne.; it depassa 150 par la .uitr
Le K.\ .1. etait, en 1938. divi?e en anti driartr-
nienis :
I- Minerals;
2" Metallurgic grnrrair;
3" Metallographie ;
4-- Chimir rt chimir-phv'stqur
5- Physique.
Les drparlrmcnts de metallurgic grnerale ci do donor
Ile faisaient tiu'un a l'origine; its furent separes pat la
suite. Cettr diiuion qur iiaraissait logique au moment de
la mite en route de cet lnstitut est aujourd'hui critinurc
t+ar yes proprct diritteant., prHrxtant qur ICS cutely d'rtu?
La recherche scirnlifique et technique daps l'mduArir
siderurgique francaise remonte deji loin. et it suffit de
iappekr les noms d'Ctsmond, Heroult Martin. Chaitiy
Le Chatelier. L. Guilin..., et crux dune generation plus
jeune : M.M. Porte in. Chevenard. Chaudron, Perrin,
et bien d'autres encore, pour titre convaincu i Is (ohs
du dynamisme francais et de son individualisme. C'est
en effet souient seuts et libre. de leurs initiatives, avec
des moyens materiels limitcs. clue cis savants ont reus>i
de belles d&ouvertes. C'est aussi souvent dans In labo-
ratoires d'usines et toujours sour l'impulsion d'initiatiies
rriiees qur cis recherches furent entreprises et metier,
i bien.
Mais, comme Ir die Louis de Broglie : tt Si ley gran-
des decouicries soot le plus souvent l'QUVre d'un soul.
le developpenent de leurs consequences et leurs applic.i-
.Sr. iet.itut -te- Ia! Ure ureic tit rl rte.;-:e t - ,Hula a"*
tot.frkemrt AO UV- .N' i eutrru eiI:.
tondit qur moirnnant le - otx outs tie tawtrt ice
dun nil nic ;af+rrali.ire. 1)r p1u- rn t-6s. ;a
rxtrerimenlair t'lr%tent Ir 1 ail J'urx- ntuittr it
am q(#
(xunnrir et 1'indtitdua6rnr recruit rst un nb.aatb g
Ainti. la Host au paint tie it }rrrpsray &
ansranear, a parttr du mmrrat ru.ie
2
mail, liar Ir% disttx.nq metallurgxtuc it thtmigtse. Is
lursaw met au Ixuni Ia conduitr du haul fawrttrra 1E
ehimir le tratirnwnt pat Ir. aleahnei-trrrrux t 6W
dr. t Il,tt,hutr. uhrerrrur*mrnt ii.in?fii&me. re .
Liaison du K.W.I. et du Verses
I -r- -urea d'etudet du K \i I ?i.nt c htwu ps is,
diiet ieur, aide de se. cnllalita,ttrut. .t trnhfxtuet. A > al
i err eiidemmrnt dre demandr? rt dr.tr- e%j"Urtirs P/!
Comm-,nn- d'mgemeurs. I.et irlaht,n? Ju p j
\'erein rt du directrur du K W. I . de?tunc par to Go
iernement. etairtit etroitrs. par tutir Jr la dame sr
qur uniuait .es drux ttrr.etnnalttrt, mat, n'etateatpas4
ttlemrntir?. Lek (ails talent mirux qur Its ratllettl.
crpendant. tsrut-etrr cst-cr unr lacune que ectte isrs
nail Hat ete preite formellrmrnt. I.r dirreteur stis
du K'S .I. elf Ir proleserlrr Weirr. 11 a templait b
professrur Korber. in )rt de maladir en 1944.
I.e V'errin fournit Ia moitie dr, fond- du (Lt1
grace aux iersernents rffrt tue. par k? usinrt Cr aw
tnhution cst assurer par unr lair a Ia irnte des fadsif
acers. librement tonsentir tray Ia Max-Ilawlic'a3
chaft. successeur dr la K.tt?er-\L'ilhwIm Grsrllsclia.It
Irrogramme du K.\3'.I. engh.lir tout Ire tuoblii es mill
lurgiques, depuis Ia preparatuin du mineral iwtxxsii
rssais des produits bnit.
I.es etudes de base v oft unr hive craft, "If
K.u'.l. collalxrre aussi acet l'indusine tit Ire irrol iss
teehniqurs.
Lions exige generalement It t-rordinatton de nmissl
efforts. ii
La recherche collector drvirnt aujourd'hw asr s-'
ceuite. La Sidirurgie francaise I'a ainsi cotaptis d t
S.
decide de crier un Institut de Recherche, pow Is
fession. Celui-ci, bien loin d'annihiter Ia rrcltrrck 90
I'encouragera en ouvrant es fenetrrs butts grats&s,as
effluves du dehors, en s'rfforcant d'eviter tout Z
tisme et en assurant des liaisons inexistantes jus4ti
La recherche corporatiie en France commelsca a iR
;taniser cn 1939 sous l'evide du Comitc des Formes. &
preside par M. de \Vesdel, par la creation de cot
missions d'Ingenieurs. `
Ces Commissions, au nombre Jr 14, itrewtr t h
suecialistes qui se reunissaient sous Is toes
d'entre eux, choisi pour sa competence pancculiere I
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L'ORI;ANlSATI N Ill. LA RF.r'HF.R(IUL Sll1 kLmjlut'C E.s t`R.\\c'E 1T .\ t.'ItTRA\t:t.R
a poise but de meltre a
j0qW lew sp"fitC. de
des Cchanges de
Vw d Is mine en commtm
ids hags: pr 4 res
doom
Ca Commissions etaient
in lttirMOn .
Hauls fourneaux Tho-
=Thomas ; .
Thomas ;
dries Martin;
- AclCries electriques ;
-- Laminoirs de l'Est et du
Nord ;
-- Laminoirs du Centre;
- Traitements thermiques
Centre ;
'Traitements thermiques
Est et Nord;
Utilisation des combus-
tibles;
Products plats ;
- Moulage de I'acier ;
- Produits refractaires.
SCHLhMA DE L'ORCANISATION DE L'IRRID
ET DE SES LIAISONS
u...,,.,e so a 08M.
w Is *.d".. *e1Mw
.M.aF...,n 4
Chacune de ces Commissions s'etalt reunie' plusieurs
loss et certaines s'Ctaient? revelCes d'une vitalitC promet-
teuse, lorsque survinrent Ia guerre et ('occupation qui ks
went completement en sommeil.
Elks furent reconstituees, sous l'autorite de I'Associa-
tioa Technique, en decembre 1945. taut celk du moulae
de lacier que Is Centre Technique de la Fonderie. recem-
meat mis en place, avail deja retablie. Le secretariat
MI de ces Commissions est assure par M. Georges
r. Jr la Chambre Syndicate de Is Siderurgie.
Les sujets traites par ces Commissions sont d'ordrr
technique. mars Is technique lx,se toujours incidemment
ties problenies scirntibques lorsqu'on veut pousser un peu
loin Is. investigations.
L'organisme corix,ratil capable d'aider ks, Commis-
wits, bolt par I'etude au laboratoire dr4
probltmes poses par ces Commissions, soli r I'execu-
lion en usine de recherche: i I'eehelle ' ustrielk.
a'esistait pas, mars le projet de sa creation tttait dan+
('air depuis 1938, etxsque a laquelle M. Lambert-Ribot.
a I'mitigation de M. f ortevin. avail obtenu du Conseil'
de Direction du ComitC des Forges. le printer du finan-
ommat d'un tel organl?me liar une laze a to bunt de
foate on d'acier.
Vitueat Is guerre el l'occupatson... lies chose: en res-
*=A L' jusqu'en 1943. Mais une poy~d'hommes
avaient garde confrance dans ks d de la
F?aace. preparaient I'apres-guerre. Sow Is patronage de
It Aubrun. Ia Commission d'Etudes Scientifiques It
T'StWitues (C.E.S.T.). aloe presidee par hi. Taffanel
IRSID
o..,........., .q..
et plus tard par M. H. Makor. chargrad I'usKeaieur
Jean Mist des itudes relatives i 14 c reataws du Labora-
toire de Reeherches de Ia Siderurgre. Celus-ci etabht
aver ardeur Is plan d'orgaaisation et ('avast-pro)ei deg
Iaboratoires. La rapport: fureat approuves; ds drvatrel
servir de base de dipart assn reahaations materselks. jean
Put rejoigmt. en 1944. les Forces Fraacasses de 1In-
teriew. et tut tree Is 21 aoist daps un cosebat d amere-
garde; en souvenir de son oeuvre creatnce et de suss
sacrifice. le tom de Jean Rist devatt titre donne. Is
19 jinn 1945. au premier bi tunent des tutus* labora-
toires de l'Iltastitut de Reekerehea do Ia Side-
rutrgie (IRSID). comtruit a Swail-Gerrnarn-en-Laye.
La figure 4 dome Is schema de Forganhsatson de
I'IRSID. Cehu-a depend de la Cbambrr Syndicate dr
is Jiderurgie; iI est iqakrw controk par la I.)irecison
de Ia Sidfrurpe du mmistire de I'Industrse it du tom
coerce st par on cotRrokur d'Etat du Secretxnat d'Etat
a Alaues Ecooomiques? 11 poaede un C oral d'Ad-
c-war41e
m str gut d!iffit sa poktsque geeerak it
$a to ti_c, financhte.
La discussion du =1=A. s?mal de. recl~erdws
eat west a pan Srt Ire hn*qur
(COSTT) par M. H. Makoi. Les :Mess d'etu-
dea ado a anal esammes data des Comnasuosss spsirta-
Iisees duet Ia prrcipak ea la lotnmisaioe screnafiqur
prindee par M. CIteyeeard. asesabrr dr F'lnstrwr
Le Directeur. aide d'un coese+lkr scsewabqur, *wi A.
I'orlevin. member de I'lesatut. admaustrr nr,{an,sr.
coordonne.
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lam-, i1...=,?n? rice
I Industrsr ,,.nt rr,t-
inalement as,Urees
liar I intrinirdiartr
des l ommc,lon,
d ingrmrur,. tr..on-
lacts aset i L msri-
&ile. par 1.1 l omml,-
slon *xicnittique Out
comprrnd w-14 pto-
Iessrurs d t_ mversl-
tes dcsignes par It'
l entie ,imiuttal de
la Recherche Jcten-
tihqur yur drlw-nd du
Ministerc de I h.du-
tation Nationale.
11141' nalurr11r1u. if,
des. it-lahons duet ti?
,unl .U'sr rlablies
anal I Indusirtc par
lc. I. hrl? airs :Vf%1-
crs cxlctlculs de
111('511) ct avec
i 1. iltsrrsitc l,ar Ies
lick des Veparte-
urrnts de r%rchcl-
t Iles.
Lcs srtsltr, cxIc-
ururs cumptennrnt
des srrvtcc?s t?t sta-
tions 1t
I 1> iut tai, a%1't.
.~aulnrs;
1.' l ukr ct
luurncau aver
i Acicries.
Lis services
departements et
u.t t'.1 Jan , 1: Jt-ma; li de ri RS i l
p.., r.. tur.,.u. .l raiti,nrulntr., p,...i-j'g,
haul
bureau a Longvvy;
se diviscnt, tx,ui le
Ibis services :
I'hysique et statistiyue,;
Chlmie et chimir-phyuyue;
Services gcneraux'? (ateliirr d'usurage
Services admimstratils i i tuniptable,;
Documentation et bibhothique.
Les bureaux et des laburatotres provii-mes out etc
u stalirs dans l'immeuble existanl dans le domain Jr
faint-[.tiger, a Saint-Germain-en-La)'e, acqurs par
I'IRSII) fin juillet 1946 (fig. 5). Les laboratoires, Iris
exigus pour le moment, pourront prendre de 1'extension
lorsque les bitiments Jean Rist seront ternunes, ce yur
est prevu pour la fin 1949. mats n'attrindront lour plemn
developpement qu'apris I'achevement des laboratoires
scientibques, presu pour tin 1951.
Outre son activite propre, 1'IRSID a etabli des Com-
missions mixtes avec ks industries voisines. les houilkres.
la fonderie. la peinture (revctrments antirouilk), dan,
lesquelks sort discutes les probkme, communs.
I !'4 easier
tie
.,t., ? Jr era
a! rt it
i dtt!*.ttettf tt k4l
t.ti,, d,,tlt L a
,,,I u?t1eseFJ*
ii trgurr A
.'1( IUN`iit
Jean Rot ..
trots, atelier, * 11
von, de iratr+atq
1to11. d us,llau.
trot SLHrr, 1 *0
Hirt alu4ue, . . )*
tut lit .1 Sill?
de ltlanchel
4.b_i m=.
It'
s enti al d ear ,stir
Jr l,ianchrr, y 211"t nt. 1,A"
tint utlr auk i,aFP
. Ilrnsir t'1 la 60
t,h} -t,%rr. oar
1tour 1a ph,.ai
Lies de" a.Y, .
t r.rijuguent liar it
blot t ratral rim
quart too 3-ttrr4
'es scirvite, *Joe
tratif,. tlwtt>ts*
1't do ' LUt u'nt7t"
1.a I Wtuaate
111:11?.- dl lirta rtle>rl
de 1.0(10 k\'A. L'rtfetttl de I'Ill~sll) s'eli-vc attiai
men! a 70 prrsunnr., 1't doublrla rapidement. Lii aaeij
que ses laboratorres tonttsounent a plan, des trasant
recherches sort confies aux lalx,ratulre? .-ii acuvre is
I'mdustne, its rcoles superneures d'ingemrui,, ks Lars
sites. Parrot crux-ti, un certain oumbre, 4U1 at' ud iii
tout fait connaitre par des etudes de rnet,lllutir plgl?
yur, unI acqurs tine rrnommer tnundlale. A part in &
des de R. Prints. G. Chaudrun. If. Maltt? ei L. Ka
que. on tiouse din, le, publicatil;ns ftdn%aisr, rciaw
hunt lieu detudes sur le, Cquthbrv.. himiqurs. t',-444
one suit' dans laquelle l'IRSl[) ?e delta Jr drstraH i
impulsion.
L'IRSID n'organlse pas le, Cungres et It', CoafeuM
tummy font I'Iron and Steel Institute ou I'jasltAra6
Ilterro y del Acero, par exemn}pt.; cette tache res l
la Societe Francaise de Metallurgie. L, !Star
de cette S*ciiti avail etc projetee, en imirs 1940. it
suite d'une mission qui avail pour but d'orgatwa Ii
cooperation franeo-britannique, dan, Ir domainw d" O
therches scientifiques et metallurgiques.
Crtte mission =taut comlx,sie de M. A P
dwf de Ia mission. et de M .M. Chaudron. C
E. Dupuy. Nicolau. I(ot aid.
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Mitt HF. MUttkt'R4:t*)t'F. V FRAkt F FT .\ t.'' TRA!it;FR
1_'tdt'r. laissee cn sommerl pendant f'occu}zatioti. fut
rri,ric en 1944 au lendemain de la Liberation.
1,,i *Kxirtr Francaier de Metallurgic assure Ia liaison
,-ntre ks savants et lei ingenieurs m talturgistes. elk
rrituurage lei rcchetcbes de son dontaine. organise les
nag'grts et ks Confercaices, et assure la pubhcatwn dct
mirnours trace a la Rec'ttr de '4litallurgic. fonder en
1904. par Henry Le Chatelier.
I.+ `'nrtctc eat administrcr par un Co soil. dutgie par
,eta bureau rlu 1mr lui et nommr pour on an. a l'ei rp-
u*1M', ...Itt parto* tre+ Kr.
RELGIQUE
I_a Iirl#tgur txs+setk Un tettatrs troadtrr toe latanta
uniterutaurs c'tnterrt?.ant tics acb%rtnettt sulk i.t.a?
.r,te daunt assacsatsoa tans but Iucranf. Iarzewntt distr..
des .,Aida- at I'l.RSI.A. 1, ( % R I t,..t,.
t err a ~io0'~ `ir+a,_ ~M U. . + , 4u*ttw t1f, d i+t?
ttaitfors~ d 3e' raeiaux trrrrtts rt n,in
Les flats
to, pat '6&
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awcbww.w'u+ alit a N 14 %1 -'al
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SCHEMA DE L'OROANI1ALION
DE LA
RECHERCHE MtTALLUMQUE r+ BELGIQUE
. R. S. 1. A.
17-C.N.R.M.
Conseil d 'administration
Section de Liege
Comite de coordination
fixers au prorata de la production s-t du nomhir d'uu-
%rirrs par le Conseil d'Administration el qui ne peutent
pas drpasser 1 2 pour milli du chitfre d'atlaires.
I.rs frais de recherches proprement dies sont assures
par moitre par 1-1 R :` I A . ! aut-r mcutsr etyt ty
.harge du C.N.R.Ml.
Le schema de I'orsanrsati,?n du ..` RAI VA eft
dans Is igurr 7
Le Conseil d'admim?tratuui tomprrnd trerasr aft
ores. nomme? pour deux ans. toes duet teen el'a
on President est M. Perot. m -n premici txe,ls{
est M. I)ecoux. Encode. I'organrsation se dedait a
deux hrarrthes paralklrs, corrrspondant iui ^nwrla
dusirtelks des bassins Jr Liege et du I Iamaut. t., p
ardent assume en mime temtss le- tundsons J'adalilb
tour-delegue de la :'ettion de Liege ri 6 pier air ,f*
litesident assure la mime font Lion i la Serb
t lainaut.
Le Comitr tee hnique de la Section de Lregr d p
side par It prolessrur I hyssrn. tclui du I laiant to
Ni. Piiont. La liaison entre les drux sriatusss et s-
par un Comtte de Coordination tome tics drtrt Ids
dents et des Diretteurs respectifs des secuom
section aside un organisrnr de direction des retit
Crlur du Hainaut est dingy pal Ml Mas?rnon.Ili
de Liege par M. C oheur.
Bien quo lrs drux set (ions n'.uent pas dr ds^a
reserve i chacune d'ellrs. it taut noter quo IA .rtbj
Hainaut s'est attachre surtout a l'etude physico-th
des probkmes siderurgiqurs, et notamment aw iyjaft
liees i la presence dri gal clans lei metaux. tanikg
Is section de Liege est orientic davantage secs b
sique des metaux.
L'indusine sideruigique itauienne rst en grande pence
nationalises, mais pratiquement les usines Cogne, i Aoste,
soot Irs auks qui alert ete placers ditectement sous Ia
gestion de I'Etat.
Dan,., Irs autres firmes siderurgiques importantes, l'Etat
n'a qu'une faibk participation directe et n'agit quo par
I'intermediaire de l'Institut de Reconstruction Industrielle
(LR.I.). controlant 1'industrie au point de vue financier.
Celui des organismic dr 1' I.R.I. charge de Is siderur-
gie est k K Finaider . , sous controls duquel sons pla-
cees ks usines Ilya, Terri, Ansaldo (actuellement SIAC
Societe Italienne des Acieries de Cort tliano) , Dal-
mine. Breda. Ces usines representent 50 s de Ia pro-
duction siderurgique italienne.
Le Finsider a recemment decide de crier un Centre
de Recherches Side'rurgiques dons la direction a ate con-
hie i M. le professeur Scortecci.
Parmi ks laboratoires industriels Its mieux outillis
tour is recherche siderurgique. citons I'lnstitut Scientifi-
que de la Socii{te Breda. occupant cent dix employes.
dont qumie docteurs. et celui des usines Ansalda. G
laboratoires font deji des recherches sous Lontiat. "ire
le Gouvernement. sort pour I'industrir. Les IabsMiie
de recherchcs de Novare. de Ia Montetatitu, wale
imtwrtants. Bien qu'ils ne soient pas specialises desk
metallurgic. de nombreuses etudes sons fartes iw Is
division de physique des mitaux.
L'Itahe txrssede une Asooeiation de Nib&
gie ., ties vivante; son president est le D' Dacca ifs
secretaire general in D Masi.
La liaison entre l'Universite et I'Iodustrie rst As1
Des profesaeurs specialises clans des techniques a*
vices particubers tntiressant Is aiderurgie. sari saw
charges de dinger des sections de Iaiwratoires indnf
Un des gros soucis des dirigeants dr la sidesal
bonne est Ia formation des cadres supeneurs et de lattlf
trice. On veut s'eflforcer de rekver k niveau
near pour le mettre i mime de faire de is ~2
et celui du chef de fabrication pour k reodre plus eerie
of aux proms et aux techniques nouvelks.
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L'ORGANtSATiON DE LA RECIISRCHZ S1 Uti= atlt TLt CE ST A L'[tTRAMjE&
TCHECOSLOVAQUIE
L.lndustrie siderurgique tchecoslovaque a etc natio-
tt apres la deuxieme guerre mondiak. mail non eta-
tiaee. Des groupes puissants d'industriels et de banquiers
men ou mime ennemis avaient contnbue au deve-
kpement de I'industrie de ce pays. L'expropriation des
tttttties an profit de la Nation lea rendaient done pro-
pts nationales. mais lour gestion devait conserver les
Prmcipes de gestion des entrepnaes privies. En particu-
kr, doivent se procurer par des credits normaux
le Capital necessaire a Ieur fonctionnement e't I kur dev-e-
lpppement et payer Its mimes impots que Its entreprises
Leurs employes ne sont pas fonctionnaires et sont
mninis aux dispositions lega-
ks appp~liquees au personnel
de I'industrie privee.
La siderur ie tchecoslova-
que constitue la septieme sec-
tion du Nlinistcre de 1'In-
dustrie; elle comprend trois
siderurgiques dis-
tmncts.ce qui permel une cer-
taine concurrence et une cer-
taine emulation. ce sont -,
Vhkovice, Banska i Hutni
et ks Acieries Reunies de
Boheme.
La figure b donne is schi-
tna de !'organisation de la
a Direction de la Siderur-
Ls du Ministere de 1'In-
rie.
La recherche sur Its pro-
Wines interessant la siderur-
gie cult tres developpxe
avant Ia guerre clans Its [- ni-
stt'iite's, Eccles des Mines.
Ecoks de Fonderie. et lea
chercheurs tchcques tenaient
me place im1'ortante clan-, Its
Congres de Metallurgic internationaux. L`industne pvs-
aedait egakment des taboratoira important et des cher-
chews reputes.
Actuelkment, Ia Tehecosbvaquw soudre dune t>rnw-
ne de cadres; ceux-c etaient avant-guerre en graade
rrtie etrangers; par ailkurs. Is fenseture des f=.cs? es ci
niversites pendant !'occupation allemande. qw gut Ion-
et lourde. tae permit pas I. formation de cliF-l+?.
tl en resulta que Its cadres esistants oat etc astrrmts
d'abord ii un groa edon de reconstruction rt d'ext&da-
tion; cependant. is recherche eat toujours en strand
hostneur dans lei ecoles d'ingEnirur< et dolt se develop-
per de nouveau sous !'impulsion d'un Institut National
de Recherches Siderurgiques en projet.
PLAN DE L'OROANISATION INDUSTRIELLF
EN TCJ-1 COt3LOVAQUIE
1
I I Sw. !:on I~ehn.pu? Sl? "eo,w TSrtrite Sr, run ?dm ~ near,. 5r