STUDY OF THE NKVD

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00926A003100010005-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 463
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 4, 2012
• Sequence Number: 5
• Publication Date: January 29, 1951
• Content Type: REPORT

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ter'
- 51 -
forwarded as goverrental oosa, sscordisg to the series "r%", As
to the radio coaneetiou, more details will be Liven La the chap-
ter dealing with the 2nd 4e4is1 1ivision of the MLVb.
In conclusion we have to sontioa the SYYL archives where
"cases" of all yer?ons,W''&os the AKYD teas aleead, / ,?-
J ave~eci ^ih
that oro ther fors, are kept ( persons *,hose turn haw not yet
cone are registered with the 1st bpecial 1Littisiin). These arahi-
Yes are used for reference, *lyieh any, be uecessax7 is coonectioa
with the inquest of some now case, au,d are situated in the cellar
of House 2 La LubJaaka (old building). It inclines the
so--called
reading-room where the Ni.YL officials say set acquainted sith
the a.ases, but for this purpose they must get hei%iawion from
such a prominent worx.r as chief of the beacon, soastiaes eves
rroa the division chief. the 1 orei,n division has its own araLlves
wbidL nay not be used by employees of other e.t L s eucies.
1_ ? C i of Adsiaiitratia,s a4 sIt ~ ti '`"......t t
ream end tru Lure
All t a P1?,JAN xg-7
The Chief adaiaistration of ,titate becurity (.iuwi 1ibLvx ;;gam)
is the seseatial tad most importsat agenny of the eaarnowr system
of bovist political terror, that has so cagy malt factions.
Striotly apeakiag, the iiKVD or A GS is the Chief' Ad?ini str?tiea of
btate >;+ecurity as such, for all other liana of ttbs ? Vi system
or "organs", if we use the Chercist alaag, play ,1y an auxiliary
part. The "ehastiaLsg s+rord" 1s the GU( A. Just this Ctiet Adalni-
strratioa of State Seeuritr is responsible for cisoovery, isolation
044 liq*idattos of real sad 1magi nary ."moles of the people",
real sad especially potsatial got?good sts of Cosysuoiar a its di-
ctatorial le?dorship. The vUtia Oblef is always the first Leputy
of the ksople's Cosaissar for Internal Affair*, After ttAe wars
the Chief Adsinistration of btete Security was traoatorsed into
an Ladepeadent Jtimistryr of State Security as we have already ^sa
tiomed above.
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The gsusral structure of this scsiaistration aid not 94f.
for any considerable changes since the tines, of the J i4'U, sad it
was accepted by tha sear Atiaistr spproxiaataly in too sass atlape.
Ay-ttiow, One has to anaider, that, though the structure ti=awe pre-
served, the numeration of was divisions wen ah, od in the cour-
se of tine, and by the od of the thirties most of the (itlib dti-
visions sere reamed as adaiaistratiooa, t4ongh the AxVL aea
continued to call those sdaiaistrations divisions. this circus,-
stance crestes certain difficulties at tae Classification of the
(iUtii structure. j' erefore the authors draw the attention of the
readers at the possibility of sane errors and iaaccurstions in
this res"ect.
AS for as *e could find out, at tLe &onawt of Gra-usiuj-alpg
divisions into adaiaiutrations (ep,~,roz.,sately baa,io:+iu6 +*itc. tLe
year 1:037) tLe Ce GA had toe followit structure i
1st Qpecial l?ivisioa a center of stutlstioal operative
recording of coati--Joviet eleaeuts
abeutsi
2w ..-,aecial Livisloa a Canter. of o,,eze tive tech ic,r,
lot i:ivIsion - ,?rotectioa 01 t.t * lei*oei;s out., of the Arealini
2n i
3rd
4th
5th
bth
7th
8th
- C0uuter-intal116ou8e (Kit))
i
" - eooio jCiCO) i
secret political (h.eu)i
004sobi7 atdsl" (lk)) - spy *Ora is 'the llrmy i
transport (To)i
" - foreign (li ))E
" prisons ea d pieces of sataiaaont
Inquest Office of the GUciB
In the course of expansion and Te-org+saiAstiou of the I-a:Yy
y-stea, such divisions as couatsz iatelligoaas, ecoieaaic, aacret-
political,. foreign and transport wens renased lute adaiaistratios
a" their staff was correspoadioy,ly enlarged. The authors of tt,.is
Work have no information available as to the traustozastioa of
the ".mobiy Ot'del0 into an- ado forces these persons to work for the sAYD* ftua,
these people: are simply victims bt blaolamrsil. If stash material
is not available, it is prepared ortift.ially. Very ?tton sass a
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. 72 .
ssrdidats for as agoat is p.r M-od that he must cork a. this
brsmioh for the $ske of ssfe$7 of the vos7 persaA, xho has to be
the object for this special obasa'vatiey.
lox` instance, Us sister of the "tigursat" is seasoned to
the YM, eiere?forged pipers are abosa to her wDils she Ls betas
told, that the SIVD agencies are aware of the tent that suaebedy
wants to reeruit her brother or belt succeeded in c1oicg t is. but
this is not so iaportsot, t es7, - "Ae Laos that your brother
is a good aaa, but we asst take hold of the persons, who want to
entat le your brother Late their dirty scums. 1pu gust help as
is this repeat for the sake of. safety of your brothes" ... the
unfortuAate chess gives bar eenseat cwd, not knowing herself,
helps they sI9D to ruin her own brotksr. such plotting led acid Leeds
conspiracy. As to all the seat of the popnlat'isa of the Soviet
gnisn, the IDYD.4G1 stsssLse sossider it to be a gigmatio reser-
voir for recruiting secret Latoswore. This rearmitmW is Sewall
done by scans of blosbaU Lag, tbreots? wl1-LA ca4 in less
frequent eases, costly ahem 70 mg peopplO are soroeeraed, bw
to aa~- terrific personal tragedies, but the yeople "who are
guarding the conquests of the revolution" are not at the Least
embsressed by ties.
The work with such kinds of agents is very delicate arA L*-
gUixes. a lot of tact cad shrews ass: fLeretore, it it usually
entrusted to exporieaced operative agents-represe:.tstives or even
deputy chiefs of the branches. au" agents are usually rewarded
for tbcir work, but not necessarily witty ,coney or satezial goods.
A frequoulty sp; lied foxy of reward is a proaise to facilitate
the fate of relatives or Latiastes of such an agent.
agcrgtUpfo This is the most wid'es'pread and the
less specialised species of SKY3#-XQB agents. Ahem aillions of
agents of the 50! it seertt police are aentLoae one refers just
tcJhia categorye bseret tafozsers are reeruited by the ?&YD-sly
orgaaa out of all strata of powltisa, wherebjr no distiactiso of
age and sex are ride. Aseex+oLLag to a secret inatruetimg Leaned
at the tLacs of Yagede (1934-4957)e only ehildrss below the age
of 12 esnsot be reesuited for this work - they do not stick to
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-73-
istly sla; tboir pattioUs toelia a.
As strange as it as sosa, but, QLX Stli thin &Leave * ti-
Sam of a secret is toasor, terrorL said desplsiag hl aaalt, is
SINOtialli aaapportiog Malta's tltOtatorshirp. hacperisooa has
sshooa that htalid erica $ tract eit4sr sorters or .-eassMts, or
aza ? or ?voa his Part - all Lute uia "Q &0"(A as"AlUe &U
to ovurtta"s his edioua tyransj. ho caa tulljr jely au4 types this
a miserable secret 1sfotssx. Of oaurs?, tim latter also hates "the
b#,lovou lac.: er", sad nay be ave.a aoro t" A nay body elseq itut he
Lt,s aorhoz a to go - he is eataa,,,;led in tie a&Yb !acmes, be ooM
stoutly walks with a loop erouM his aeax a na the r e Lo re, even
against bis will, he is towed to carry out the o4-uers of Lin
torrmeators. Theta ere sillions of nacre t iuf embers - they are
recruited eraoag corkers, party aamLes-a, i 4 i w.Llvc tusls, usilsotive
fers+rrs, utualer.ts, "easioners, +lo.aV,* i Veep. lhe uver*11el<ag asJo-
rity of them work out o tear euad do .,rat kvt au.y t-saerrda. lteir
.exact auabOr La uukiGWA, but lesion is their . s e.
iaaret iatc oar tq,T_ c> 1_c. :Ills Al;ecial catitoty of
s.cr4ft Lntormers hsa oily' the to of 4 utrol il.,ra who eateris- a
certain Louse or lotting, whet, Law to 1,e stayed acct what tisp-
ponod than in tba lodging.. esi.~es that, sucL ea agent natal., be
entrusted with Kett Ltd letters, tt.iags ate., Eros a z,,,,x sea, Wks
lives close by saw in "elaborated" by the MY-.U. ;bin eatesor r La..
eludes first of. all hoiaesesters cad .uousa-aanegora, chose duty
is to notify the itLYD is a ret,ular way about all eveuto, aappe.
Aing La their houses, nut frequecatly some lodgers of "eomua,1"
1000 csmaoa lodgings rC1e recruited for ttlis purpose, espeelall'
housesiles and pensioners who spend au" tine in their lodglasso
in sac, cases donestie servants are recruited to spy a their
rioters. They are usually paid for this kind of service.
Ws",ale and &Wsbbles aso+t toddies osoupylag *seem
lodging are trequontly used by the reorui;iu of geese suits.
1a some Oases awota ageata gee a revs, but w aoatl eriea tkq
give their iaatosatation with the wish to do aja ill tuu* to their
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art iwC ubs lives La a bettor toss, has bettor toad, t -s is
as, ratio lots Si ad*t ato. Minot s4aeitiMs of life sroat
Shoal pew ads far tostsitis awoh atesta, but all their iatoraa"
tics ? his to be earotuilj filtrated, for it oftls boar. Strom
trssos of p.rseaal fliais.
2-21 ?GoaSairSt~i~iir,' a e 1. EtsYall~ he Is a Cesy-
a isist, a [ooommol or at soya vats a pwrom who ass well shook"
ap. no priasipM requiresent ? lisitod circle at sesa?etioas
( all of does have to be sheeted up) and a lad6tat, suitable for
sonaptrst/ i aostiap with rosidoats or .teats. fwah a toast is
regularly paid. ALL aesbers of the fs+ri1 have to sis& a proatae
of sulmeo. Lf there are &V ehildron, ovaspirata~#a quartar? Sao-
not be establish d.
Lver7 operative worker oust have at least two slush oanspiro-
t0eequartors j ore of then WSJ serve for meetings with seats sad
inforsers, tt+e other - only with r?sidonts (for the asks of coa-
spirecf). Usually for seating, agents t*o or eeea three lodbta*s
are sveiiabls, but , seats suspicious or even iaugerous &a,.%*
doable-dealiaj are usually sos& is hotels. ss a rules ?p.ratioe
morkers and residents see no aaeats at was and do not conduct
roar work there.
The former ohiot of the American ailitery Mission in Moscow,
poasrsl Jots it. Dear, describes is his book "The Atraso ?llisaao" '
some of his soetiags with leading officials or the AO loreiga
adaiaistratias, General-Li utsaast p.A. fitia sad for-Gemsral
&.P.4ssipov. The purpose of this afetiat was to establish a work-
"14 arreseaent between the iserioas 0.$.Qe and lbs soviet fatal--
litaoso sieaolos. The Ass rises $eaoral was troatl7 pasaled h q Us
tact that these two loading worthsm of the Soviet secret i*tSllL?-
paso cover not his at the Soso plash iios aad alwys took the
is~satsot proeMntiess ?tes sussogins these sestias. Cso the drim-
es of tbo Yi1D sar sto had to brim his to this rao?tiat, arssaSod
a true sore aloes the Moaoow atiowta trio; * to le" the private
sax of ttti Menhir gewwal, the Matins driver Of which was
tsllowiaj the MUD sae at the heel..
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ObfnUu 1 is this sass lids a" Ossipot did sot east to
give up the asral pEiasipies of tioiz work, and bosliss they pro-
bsbly had lastrustieas to arrsnp the.. ratings without my so-
Vervisles by the agents. of the "sottemal obsertrtioh" (L-it) of
Mw slid Ipesiai Devises of the Vii! UYD and "diilii it" Malai-
strotiase ftese .pat Ur,probmbly, was the psivsto bassisa dri-
vsr of the Morioso paaarol. Th. siraraa$ssass wader sm.isk thee.
annuals took yearn pestle surpaisid the Aseeisas general, but
tb wore typical tar the XILVD priasiplos of warlt. Sa this ease
Bela and Osatpow not theft MMrlssa aotu terpirt$ ender the sage
s at-reprearrtative
oirewastssess, as s sversgs YILYI operative
sits his residents sad agents. There can be no doubts that all
this had' bee3a done deliberately mad after *Mr awrioua diseussiea
in the highest quarters of the NhYD. hat was the secret a s of
all %bes* tricks - is bard to sy,but there had to be ono.
Asa rule, the resruit5 of as goat is preceded by cbeab-
SiNg with data. of. %U9 1st *pecial Di,visioa, sad, in von" iaportsnt
eases, with files of all operative di,isioas sad U sir special
archives. lshquiriee are invariably seat to $ 1) pisso of birth -
about the'social origin of the parrots and their bsotgrouadi
2) 1KW agency, "a000&dstini" the r ion she" the asadtdate
liveso 3) KV;D ageaay, " +scsrodatiag" the inuustrial or say
other object,wt.ere the cssdidste works* besides that seared a
rsateristles of the osadidats are demanded troy the local party
Organiistios (this is very often oasoAfiaVed so as if awes shM-
raatsristiss arse own& ter by the rsaloasl ailitary sarissariat,
polies-stattoa ots.), then a wssttisiw ("sStasotU"), i.oe ehocio-
log up is Bade is his place of rosidesas - Usually abrougb
b~o asaagers, boss-aastoss and atior "masts for 1o66ia .
all those data are Used as basis for a "ispsrt for resruitiw4f
as rearwibiai of s resid*t "at be saa.tia-eda La rsgio-
ssl odsiaistratioas - by the shief of the division pr adoaisistrs-
h iss in Moscow - by chief of the breach p= the divisiaa is quested
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Me swrsrviting of an agsst is ssllastifted is the ease vSj. Lf the
OSMIN has been pisked out of the ansber of "tigprsats" of a a.r--
ato %laboratioo", for ahiob, of oeurss, he is recruited, his
reosviting is saaetioss* by the deputy "Lot of the XXVI) saaiai-
stratiaa. fruiting of other Categories of .goats are saaatios-
od and approved bpr lass respodsibte ottisisLs, 11MuaJiy bj shiers
of the bisoshes or "sties.
The "report for r'essuitisg" ssst can &I& the data for the
"aettisg" of the recruited pers.a- (i.o* the svtislrsiara drew
twos the satorials dealing with his person)i besides it gust be
mihtioaed where aiad kow the actual recruiting will take plat.,
who is recruiting and for whet purpose, end also what stops will
be taken providing the recruited person sill. refbs. to .ors for
the 1TPy.
The actual recruitiags ere usually basal either oa the so-
Called loyalty to the boviat regime (residents, tsaauts of coo-
spirstoraaZ quarters, in some cases secret .Lntoraers) or on some
ataspr?sising material *hich is oit'taer available or-artificially
created. It a "fisursat" is recruited out of a certain "slabors-
tios", he has usually to close i either work for the Uft or ar-
rest with all its consequences. It the material is crested arti-
ficially and the recruiting is based on blacl ss J is , cone addi-
tional material of this -tind is usually available wtaLah is used
if the first method of recruiting fails. It the candidate still
persists in his refusal, to .ork for the 4i(YL, he oust si - a
promise of keeping, *ilea** about the n gotietions and then to is
recorded as an "antagonist", thus boLAS put ip the ease level
with oppo.itionists and sectarians. The refusal of work for the
AM is usually followed, sass tildes later, by the arrest of the
unyielding candidate.
?bore are cases whom agents that have been recruited,
either corit suicide, or p*rfors some other desperate deeds.
8o, for susapl*o is 1937 L.fraaotisa, relative of late fbbedo-
se $eiv, the tosser sttoiniy g creed of the ioljr synod, toot
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poison in Moscow, after having, signed her cone $ to work as as
*goat of "int"a4l observstiom", Lose for Ming agsiast hwr clo-
sest relativeso in 1941 a ""Swim girl Y. threw herself out or
the window of her lodglsr otter haul a gives her consent to cork
alairnst her tiaset: 8ueh tragedies occur for the nowt part Caen
a certain person is recruited to work inside his or her orw ta-
silir. lrloth these eases, mentioned above, were thrashed out oL
the operative coarorencos of MKVD uivisima, and the Ghetiats
who actually carried out the recrsitAng in the&* cases, core dis-
alssed and sent to some less rsspoasibl? work - as ,+uWialiaeat for
"**.at of &kill in recruitia " but not as erera of two Lame-
coat huaasa beings. is far as it is asxown, the operative wormers
are aiwaxa punished in sonar way for failure at tLe recruiting.
. Curiously, ,enough. socordifA to the 1 VL naterisls, the coat
difficult categories for recruiting consist of forcer .aoaial-aeee-
volutionari es (he--er ), Me ueviks axed a burs haea. FLe cost espy
task is conslderod in the NKV to recruit agents out of the uus~b-
er of Trotskyist* and idebtLetme
6bi.1e being recruited, the asnaidate has to sign his con-
ssat aaci, it ,be. is Supposed to be an sgoat, he Is is?distsly
asked to give his first aaterial. weoret informers are gradually
introduced into the course of their future activity. At first,
their contributloas are limited to the iuformstioa Deering seine..
ral character, ewe! only after some Use, they r.c?ive definite and
concrete tasks, p&t that* are no firs rules in this respect, and
is every separate see* the operative worker hiaseit lust find
individesi wars of sp sching agents and secret iaXorsers of
hit ' teems as he thiska A* best*
special registratier cards are tilled in toe every resrvL-
tea Person and forwarded to the lot Special Division of the cov-
r spoadiad region t=1D?IQ1 adaiaistration and to the lot seater
of the lot 1 ecial Division of the enter, in Moscow. The lot
Special Division of the IZ1D.- GB regioosl ardainistratiaa seeds
? a mersted case ter the most er sweet iat e r per which is
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fhrthsr serried ea uMar a special asoa ao s sobriqus$ as "ioi-
"? ? es$.r". "lighter", *Iva&" sto. All 0 14sa a rasrs-
botks's" ( ..at eleborstka) and "$szflcs-list oases" are also
Conducted under sobriquets.
As a rule. oporotiTS WOVkA a s of the MD are is * direst
son-teat only with residents and agents ( of all themes ,ategories)o
the work with ordinary secret intorners god fsssret informers for
lodgings" is usually Carried an by than residents. But also here
ao general rules can be applied, and tram Use, to tine the opera-
tive workers who are on the staff of the XKUL-m48, see themselves
the secret istozaers (usually in the presume of the resident,
to whose team they belong).
.The operative worker gives regular instructions to his rsr-
side me according to his.O aateria s as 6e1l as is confornao s:
with requireseuta of the hider quarters. All operative workers
have weekly time-tables for aertiag agents, and they are obliged
to give a copy of such s time-table to the *tier of their section
or breach, so that he say tans wbtre (la which conspiret#rigl quarw
tors) his subordinates are at a certain soaent. ilran time to time
the chiefs of the branches have to see agents to,&.ther with their
operative workers in order to control tx.
The residents newt their moss neturk of secret iofaraers
usually somewhere aear their places of wort or reatd ce, but
be" is also no general rule, everything depeudinrg on local con-
ditions. But this is always lone sccozd tag to a sh*dule the copy
of which is being sent to the operative worker who may sometimes
control such seetings.
The encounters with the agents are arranged is the conspi-
rate .lodgings or, depending on. the c iz ew-stancos, in various
plsAesi is the streets, is squares and gardens, out of tom eta.
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%
IXYD prssLs.$ Aw be so" 1513 ter M rsaidats
(rather iafsogwatly) it. ""itiwotMt ataats''e t'be latter tenant
satim is used for a ap?sial pa of stoats 4a$6.16d bw Us
i.orri- riitiaai +~3ai *isa of wre UYD. T $"u is Nisi
rss=uitsi f1 s Nltaii "fiat" MA is wpposed to travel -is Iia
iasaia of their "tint". 8usb seats sa'e asuall j tatsaiasd by pions
that they must visit s sort*" person, and this th? enaouatss is
arraag.d is soar of tb. AM gsartozs. &At even is thus cases
the ansvunters do not tam shoe in the very penises of the
NEW r?gioaal sd iaistratian? but is use loss ooaspieious, though
subordiast? to that adaisistratiaa, place.
lhs general principle of Soviet wk with. s#snts sa7 be ssO-
pressed in fear words - No stow suet be loft usturnid to achieve
the sin". w hiss, say provocations say be used for recruiting
agents, and any crimes say be steg.d for the sass purpose. all
this is called in the ii XTD along 0agenturaey*
( age work co.binatioa) and is Carried oil accorniag to approvot
plans. It is also the prise ipal sub j se t in the course of training
MKYD o=fficials is spelc-isl schools - is txie Central ddb ~debool
in &osaow$ is inter-regional ftVI) sohoots . is tiffcreat, cities of
the 8>>viet Union and in the igLor :-chool for border wars Mrs
is go LC ow.
Soto# The sutl&ors duce sore call the attention to the
fact that the there concerning hk YZ) &goats was worzed out
b. caaaectiteo with the .work of the 1st ::p*cial i'lwiaiou
therefore as this problaia is ceases for all divisions sad
adsiaistretions of the g0Q3 XLVD UQ . all operative work
work with agtato, laahudiag rteraitie and #raiaiag, is
Carried out by the operative organs of the LKVI-i , while
the let 8peoisl Division is only conserved with the epers-
tive-statistiosl reeordiai of agents, and supplies the
.V*opl?'s Cseissar (ow minister of state ks ucity) or the
Shief of the UYD-Mtlb -deist atratiou it belasg* to with
operative-st..tistital iafossstio$ of all kind. 11 say also
pie' sutler lafo=atiaa to other AM ssMaies sad to t i
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par "s it a?iy o"Osdift- to the to4itatio*a of this .aro-
taxiat of tb. Bra Poopio'r. COMteasr or t ho Chlst of a.
ItYD r gioml -iatsotiIls U LS pst'iLO U U' tot apasisl
Dirisi"a wsw te? ma mu 1,a tea ""1" ?i0" by
ww bow smatiao+?t t'ITi Lasit*tLMi. Us, s asdos oaa
proNrv" ohm fit Q YtTD f*r tsar/closa+~d iit o tbrr
tiaiatrf of halts 30wtttt7.
.. 0 40 0 r 0" 0". 4w
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2
The asttvi~tias of aU ox a s of the $tot~ ioourity of th
was e
or, otristly apeakiag, Moir opesotve work with ogaata, is
bes"t epos the whole, on four priarsipel foude-tione, a-entioaet
below ateording to their succeaueloa $
1. Operative recardiagj
2. Iwgewntss
3. Operative, teoh&nigndi
?. Inquest o
These are, so to sad9 four corner atones of the wftole MiLVLSL
syates sup'po,.?ttng the, eatl.rrpractical work of its operative
ageaaios or "org.*a (uaiA the Cbeki. ' tern Lnoio
flue reseed +y)? The o~ss-
tag gives ? N11q aeaifold end detailed picture of how
sod ilterr the real or potential *enter* of resistance to the Co..
sunlit dictatorship are disposed throughout the country. set latri.
ested and manifold network of &geata, that knows Do bowids in
aft Alag its purpose, givers lull possibility' of .locating betor4p.
band the seaters of bush a future resistance, defining its toms,
sad sZ osirg its participators *Ad possible leaders. The orgsai-
eation and ruestims of those two first eleaents of the a oviet
state sesurity have been .discaseed La the previous chapter in corr.
aNtian with the analysts of the stsvaturo of tar Is* Special
,pivislar of the auei AM L 114W4
The is 3est is the flasl stake of the whole ratpieated
gepe'rfstlsd b the erafts of state seertsity Of the goat .
rill be ttasnassi 1s the t~tllowLLAW ah*ptdss of thine aatausesipt.
As to the a rs+stivr teebaL s of the N096 It. Is a gates,
set lees intrusted sib aaait916 than the oparati, - resoxdiag
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o* ait~renc~ it .plats. Cdae oai hsvs a Jai 'm gat .bash tki $
iporiti' tssb~tigse'? ap$Le~d ti tbs I&YD . hI, 1 it ors
takes into emoLdirotiota that rii tttaliaist distatorskip is the
sad .sslrsivr astir of au astisial aid ii oisal reseal.
asa of this vast .99r$r7 sad that as itch . sowtsi~ as garb
t i t e r a t this iistol.a L p and p L t h e O U V O rs$m of hot-
red it t h e soalavsd PNAlh a . & * s ties ataj it gulp cur--
liaitsd asterial and te4haLoo , rosoirsos. Ibi Us ay also tally
"Voss of such sztonsivs ttebsical &* a,, aM has in its binds
sash as elaborate and complicated apparatus tar askiad the most
of these, that the punitive osdssa of all other oouatrits sa^tt-ot
even dress of a ythtng like it.
Prom the operative point of view, the ale of this diverse
aid a$esdingly Intricate apparatus, Including various tesbai-
eel assns, is the concern of the Zed Special Divi sins of the
GUM UBPD (now Meal!) and of its subdivisions ia. all republican,
titan], and. area administration of the . a Yp-1ti~h.
Soraerly the functions of the Zrtd bpecial L1 vision cospri-
sed also the protection of the Iolshvist leaders and this task
was entrusted to the lot subdivision of the 2a4 dp.sial vivisioi.
But by the end of the thirties this subdivision was reorganised
into the so-called lot Division of the GUO4 MUYL, the structure
mad fuaotioam of +mieb will be discussed in Chapter 7. however,
as retards the operative functions, the 1st Division is still
elosaly soonest" with the rind bpecisl yivisioa, eM their fields
of operattos are so i*t+rrlin.specalally is atossow, that in &MZ
seals it is difficult to draw a lice of domarsatioo between tbsa.
The Laportaa.o of the Zed bpe"al Divisim is revealed by the
foot that in the period of the %rast , args? it was beaded 1w
Zragliv, who eseMpied the post of the 2" 1iepa-ty is the 1sople's
Coorrssoer of Ipecac.], . Affairs of the U662 in i y3y-1 -1 ? mod was
sypointed itsistear of t*tersai Affairs it this UMB after the var.
The operative or apeaisl technique such is the *"we= of
the amd Special Division of the GUGI is usually doooalaated
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gra?
? sasbxsso ? SOON" of as teleph"s
s ? oav.sdreppiai, i.o. listssi11 is b "MW at Op "161
devioes and issoybsoss&
? ( "porltsstsstsis Iosrs*sgao+ datsii`) osasorlaS, of lett.as
l ? D4oMi~7
JA SKS490 01114 SUM -9011111%
of wars "letters" ors 1
is ? ("ism" sqs abl3s olo") '~ l is saL ob 'atlM1
? (''pelo~atsiys") cou$xo1, swiss looatios of
illegal radio z sc.ivim an4 Irsami"Iss "tat
Sh ? ("sbitrb-vaaie") - oipbrias t
Uh - ( "ruahif?rovka") ? doaipberir .
time sad subdivisions thst are ooaoeraM with all these
brooches of operative sad ape" teshoigne, are usually deosst.
sated by the abbrsvistieas, asatiaosd above, while letter "L"
(abbanoviatior- troy the word "litesa" - lottor) is ad ted to thss..
lb "t for isaaple, a subdivisiss, ooasu*sd situ aon.orias of. Let-
tors, is oared "L-PSI". Le" of those snbdivisieoa is, it it pose bi
le. ts- .. ss so, sole ts like s, tr ist, sm4wisiag .4 series of very
ssaborsois and herofort aosrlj is4.posdeat iodustrisl objoots.
Let us taxo a closer vier of s" of those "letters".
"YrAd ? >dcbsrrial 3baIrVat ea or Iri42 ys i s.
The task of t sexvtoe is the sasurLag of are sU-4.iq. y sM.
eo start and pirsistoitt obsorvatias at ell persons 1tio are at this
period of time "olsborsted" bw tAs UVD. Zs Moscow was is tAs
aoac.ss of the ffid 8900151 Division of %be WD People's Galois.
serial, is provisto ? of tors as Special Divisieoa of ILYD s ie-
a. Md erns .Wniatsi5ioss, i+a Me sapitsls of Ugioo 8spubiiss ?
of Us 8.d ?psoial Divisions of npsbiistr UG. Nor this
.o a apesid brisM. of .E0t$ of extent" Observetion Le
scoot for !tribe afloat ev40 "tigure t". i *art a rotor a tee
I$ $SSS..M, is arsi M to iris brlr M , MA it is otuipped
Ile i~.srlli+tsl s cos, s0.1S* is *TW7 soosr'sts sass. as Obse rre?
Ii.#
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is extended not only upon the "figurant" himself, but ul:oa ell
peraww he ney mset iaad spook to is tLi. streets or LA puLlie
plsaes. According, to the Chakist terainoloea this sea culled tbs
"setting of the ttburent's eoauedtiooa'* ("ustsaovLb avissei figu-
rsats").
`'l'be "sett LAS" &*one that every person, -rboa the "figursat"
greets or addres$es, Is followed by. as *604t - -bsr of tLe bri-
gods, whose, task is to establish t1.s ideatiti of this kwL a on, his
place of resiceace, his fi atessiou eu4 p1. c of 4ujl ik. !," tLe CL?-
ki't slam', it in call* to b. it, the co..w*Ctio . uy to t.; .a". ]Lei
the agent aaxas a abort repozt about the results of his obsoLva-
tioas, sad this rah?oit is called ttu "sottiug". W&Lor at., such a
"setting" is foresr':?d to the 2csd sector Of tree )at peciecl 4,ivi-
siCA ++t.et,# it h .s to be uneetec wt.rtLer tLim ywrsu a ".6 been sy.-
cislly recordbc: *a- wL6t is Lis "tiflt". Lf tie &asaoi is a posi-
tive oae, t !j:&** date are envied Lu tuo "u*ttl:xe;,", *:.Lc:, iu tneA
filed altslh the "'Clt:urfint's" case. But eves if au(:L is "a4tL,.u4"
d&)e not provide 'suy cozi rx ] iai' ~iLbt:+I Atb1., c, vei t ,aleiss it is
filled for tie ;-,urpuse of ''souritl.ug" i:u cuss of u?eue iLd ueru.oi
proceed1ads pre on folluwst by the *ad? :ii tt.e ooj tue
t1e0ctiae, the bra ,ado, compiles a "OLU111.. x'y of exteita1 QLi,.=lvutiQU
Of the f'l 'urvat", fiYin to it 611 ' 8et+L1 k e WILL eie to :%otaluec
after the checking up vita tLi lot special +'iv i;.lua. A., about Lira.
duty (irk especially imyar tent Cases tee ?as be set r?x nl sereuts )
is posted n?ax, the dweiliog of the "1i,,urr-ut". ibis re,eat .e:$ to
spy ou all per: oas, coala. in #no out, 6c.a a. s.& for
ti.e*e
baeLdes "fi ,uzan.t" uU extcroal OWlei-vetioa iuvai ir++ly ?x-
teads upou all foreigners.
Service "L-as" does dot laoluae spy iu6 alter trio "i l.,ursnt"
at his places of resideuoe sad of war' s3 *011, sea ih. ts,e quarters
of his friends. khls is tat took of a n.:toorkE of sarcret iuXormers
or agcults beloug,it to the team of tt:e earcx?etive At+VL official
or resident who is nonce. ued *I We "elobuLsti,)a" of this
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"figurant0. "L-Aso ("muushko" LA the Chskist slag ) is not . e*
igforsed about the essential part of the cane of the person under
their constant observation. UsuA lly the activity oil the brigade
is directed by the operative IIKYI3 official who is entrusted with
the "eleboretioo" of the "tigura t" in gruestias. But if the "fib
rant" is a foreigner or sane from coons other tows, the whole turn
of observation is psrfoxsed by the "L-U" asbdivisios, sad only
the results of the work are reported to a certain MKVL' division
or adsiaistratios.
It is very difficult, cad say be even iapossibie, for a
siapie mortal to imagine the scope of worm of the "L-A44% for is,.
stance, in * scow. This "Moscow lily" weans, that many hundreds of
"fig-ants" of different "elaborations" are secretly watched day
and night, while this secret observation is entrusted to a brigade
of 3,4, and sometimes sore, persons in each case. besides, posts
of external obeervstion are needed fox wateLin c several do*eas,
and sometimes hundreds, oi' cousl)icuoua "fi .ur,,:,ts"* coa-ic to 606-
cow on their business. Ibex* "figurants" are ueiuo; "elaoorated"
by different regional administrations and republican MKYD keople's
Commissariats, echo often notify th 2nd %1,.tc ial 1. ivislon about the
necessity of watoUing certain "figurent" gust on the day of his
arrival to Moscow.
but that is not all $ according to a special instruction of
the XKVD People's Commissar, a constant e=ternal observation has
to be carried on every member of foreign aissioaa, eabessies, son-
+wlates, all military etteshes aad their employees$ all foreigners
coming from abroad, e+ad espesially all correspondents of telegrs-
phie agencies and fort s newspapers. it seems that foreign, tourists
give the least troy a to the orgeas of as they are always
fellowthl established rents sad are invariably accompanied by an
Iatovrist interpreter wbe AS always >? aa; *goat or even an offi..
olal on staff of the organs of state security. At any rate, the
special 'sectioa of the intourist, and not the "L-Mx", is respoaa-
sible for the behavious of foreigs tourists sod for their inter
sow** with Soviet sitiams in the streets a" ,penis places.
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1*
at sole forel ers dive a lot of trouble to the 2MA dpe-
seal bivisioa.
8o, for exaaple,b.fore is war the secretary of tube Japanese
aUitary attach., 6 certain ?seb? bassi, was in the habit of
icing for a gsosidign wallso tai was his favourite tine for
this purpose, sad he usually faliov.d the sago route - data Was
bot ? Aiad and along the tisrlq- 8tr.st to the sustia so -i
in the Boulevard XLcg. No seal to Mss an unlit cigar?tt? is his
tooth and asked every sin he not for lighte thus h* edo, r.aaod
30-40 psrsou- duri,4 his walk, besides tus sow a;> to different
stalls, flower girls etc., ia-d .w.rywbsre eaters. Late . snort sos-
versations. It is difficult to 14""M bow aany aaeuts were a steel
to compile a 'svtttar4" for everyo"o he L&ed talked too unary of
.xternul obuex vt t ion of this ' e Mti al on. iuacluded daily up to
y.1--60 "settiAgs"? ' ch cked up with ?yecial r9oords. It was well
iuorn lore tie ce..ter that it was sheer sec kl y rtua tLe Part or
basaki who tried Lea beet to sire as such ta?oubls to the AKU
as possible, but'n.vertheless the external observation of 608891
;,paraistsd in the ae-* scope*
Ge aua, as Well on r.Presertatives of the tawl bkuring
countries of the k st?x a lu rope, did not give too auah trouble,
but the Anririceas were at first a teas , ladu. for U s ? s?~
t3iuallys boving not the slightest erotica about tea ;Weal state of
things In the bovist Union, and an3oying roll libexuy back at ,1i*si,
rho Americans strived to preserve ell t isir habits in J Ow trod
parsistaat1 tried to stud y the lire of the Soviet Union applying
Wit same nstbods that were habitual for the studj or all other
countries. Th visited all public places, were la a burr7 to sue
private icquaintsnaes, and dohs of We i ?opia's Carniaesriat of
irvrsiio affairs were )-11sd rith their applioatio" to gat the per*
aissian of travelling all over the. luTiet Union. fie% is into
consideration all other reasons, this p.smliiria of Ai.ricass-
t asuoyod the UTD se such, could be explained by the fast that
the Hein estibiiahod the diplodatie relations with the V6aM nearly
years later %haa all other goat powers, aaa the Assrisift
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67
repre.a st.tivas fried to got tall "Gents el" with SOrist eitissu
disestly of as tits wbon tls ssis point of the NtVD . 6sllV11W
was Jest to sul off sn so=sesttoas betweeaa- the i tLet poprlatio?
o" tie toreipers.
It was trot ss for the %-"* to hail Ole tillisa (.Mililt,
the that saba sasdoas of, the Sin is Boas" (1933.-1936)? as w
vem toad of sports aed sftm stUeded the a stodius obsxe
he triad to oaks ac sia-taneas ?it3 L oviet spactsww# 37 the ways
Are *llitt was the first ^ o teat Soviet oftisers to plaapr polo.
Thus, taxing tnto aoasid.ratieas o alb habits of the American
dvr, a special Intensified brigade of the sztainal obse"alien
was required, and **voral downs of "seltiAgs". sere sowpiled e -
daj. TO ^aks the work of the AIM easier two spacial .is" s west
a ttas!-ed to ltr. $ullitl i a record rummer and a tacays Player that
ham represented the U at 1ata4rsatio'aal games is Praaas, an
szoeodiugly sleaa4or women woos. good figure attriota4 dsa.ral attao?
ttoa. -but the cosbiaatioa' with U. tsauis pi*yer cL not pass.
Shaun the winter sea., ,dr.Sullitt started sociiaag out of tow", sand
this drove to dispsir adeuCs, attached to is, ,rho avoid not "i
well. At, the tine he, I LM other Anoriaaa$, was often diseased
by the M*YT) si,. for thato more pints of "settiAgs", tiding
to fix his coanoctiona. The SLVD aould br.athe freely oaaiy n
are &llitt "nibbleat" at am ' attractive bait - the renoaaad ballet
dancer AwpeshSnakaa~Ta$ 844"'1 of Us 2bd. dyaK:i aI Llfvlsioa, purposed-
ii mart on a secret assess., add apeot all hLs tree tine sxslustvs.
j La her ooapaj .
Besides all the above gamin seed obJ.cta, tba ezterual obsesw
vatioa is serried in fox all es ataa of the lore-#,a Adaiaaistsatiin
of ih ILM and of the lite111dsaatiss Adrintatsatiooat of tao Ges+ssal
Staff of the Soviet am # duct their attp in the uaoib&. loot of
the aoaiAlss? werke rs wore eaposed to atob a saastsel slse~nratiea,
whtsh is peli"ieall7 sate dad ,veld as the iivOMM" aaa, to shed
thou es,baan-ievue MA theta ssatireetinl.
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All these various ta"a sxplsta the. test thst 0"1 La doe-
am there are asm lbousanaa of "40-490 880ats. An oxseytioA in ail
other countries of the .v-rid, this extensive "enteral obs rvatisa"
is a daily practise is the U a, the erual routine of the "A o-49*
section of the tad Special Division of the fIXVD-* hh.
"f~ - ,~lhpaelrat~hi,ter .
Lotter OF" saWisom not calf the photoSsaphiag of objects
ara4 persons, but also the prep+xcat ion, of photost** *ogles of do-
iuae ats, drafts, projects and even coa{plete books. Ui6ropbot0gsa-
047 eM photowouatnin , i.o* preparation of MW tw.oture out of se-
?eral *nos, are also within, the province of this breach, anppU-
J first-rate "proofs" for lawsuits, r.crutting of agents oleo
A olassiaal owaaple of appl7iag such toraed photogrepbs is
the e+rll-known action against the "Industrial rarty" ("l'roiaparti rs)
is 1930, whaa, during the lawsuit, "secret instructions" of the
'Freaoh tad bureau, aotnnted frog the documents dating bact to the
period of the First rtarld ear, were produced. As another colour-
fiat izaaple of applying such ''proofs in the U b* may serve a
vino
rproad ts'1ak, of pt'oduo ia to - the a4ou sad, ditvirng Ale sG9
tanso, let us say, with am* leader of the antistoliaist opposi-
tion in he Coerunist Warty, a photosouating, ou w Li" A is re-
presented conAfer:?i with 'tsotaq or bu+abarin*
she tear Of the "L'ur 1"1"es also a special sub-unit, the
prLhttn Ono? that is able to prepare any certificate or visa in
as l.a a.js, with may starps or signs@ so, fox, example, during
the zeOOptioa of l olotov is the hritLsh Aces. OX COMOUBs LA 1944
the ,galleries for guests veto invaded by sried 8ritisla cosaualata,
160 used cards that had been forged La Moscow for tno p+irpose of
eat ring the geese. The ss&a beers say forge say tec*u ie al draft
or saioulatjes is an estrserdiaearil y cher% tins.
Lot es stain titre ?e ii0spia1 coca, in sua+ser 1937, as
"Sat of the $ssret Iatsilitease a4a1*tstrstion of the People's
O4Missarist of Dofa-M, who 'was at the sale tine enplayed on the
*1stf of the Japanese stlitsrt attesbo La Mower, inferred his
sdaialatrstios about the necessity of an. urgent interview. ml
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go 89 do
lat$s r tools glass Is the sale e1,SALa, approztRats]-y at 22..o La
We a sL hbor iood of the ' 71s5v d$rtsaltut'al f-6,a6es#. L'usis,
the Latorrisv two 66sat s$st?id that the sAsistaat of Us oilitasy
a+ttrl-e IL" Jul mealy" a parsal ?itb lbws foZ1a.tft slugs
e AUmcLio CoisusItst Party (bolaw?eits ), Central G,ssaittee, KU .L-
1s3 Lspst"tMo tt"', and loud is LA his safs. mw efout was ortox*4
to brig $140 passaal ? ppro satoly at I s.a., a assoat iatesaiw
t+sa pass sad the asset hammed the panel to Us effistal of
L4tshigs *. a0aiatstrstias.
&me 20 ?Loates later two pasoel was p0sae4 to tba gas 0s-
stet pihrisios of the 1KV for an urgout preyerstioa of forged do-
to be returaed toz the safe of the JspIMsa? attasba. At
6*" is tho aoratat, at a third Latervtw, %so .$mat received fur
parssl bask, and did sot evvn s ispact that be got a oopi, wt.ah
hall bsrra considerably cheage4 in coaparisom with the originsl.
We toned copy was passed oft for the use of tiuo atta"?. The
envelope oostaiasd oa? tea doc & sts, iaoludie4 5 drafts, .!slob
had been al proved t Uxo A ople'.s Ct tsar Sor Defoa+ae L,dustry,
the d?,puty a'eoplais Ccsl 1Omar for .afwsas, aald bj tbe Chtet of
us Vilitas7- Dops;rtmer+t of taw i:eAtral Tarty Ccamnlttee. '1b? cater
vas is tl s . ssitshisg of a slash plant on the production of a amyl
type of tho- anti-siraPft dews. to zed calaml.ati .os sad 4rstts
we" Prepared for the sinfor atios of the ettaahs. It. s.t as-
tures were sMo so wall that they di4 sot call Oat say wAspisteas,,,
but is tb? aria of a grsphologiaal anelylils they Would tilt be
tdeatioal and the doawosat would be oossidersd as a saVls of foxw-
ass,, M. by lbs fossigsor?.
IW the by, it has to be aastioaM tVthe treats Of me J8#6-
5ess Lat?lligr-as, $er-iee, that the ailitwy sttasbs dot taco ttt?
prrsssiso of as ?os ents oaiy ea hoer and a kslf later two
s 4LrMlor of tws pisat, who pes+ri then p4rsoo sLl7 taw tbs
teary of tlw 1lititaa Dspsrtwuat std sskaawi.d EM %koir rs-
estpt with his. aid store.
me '"'L-r tvstiou Isatude also sopyiaa sad sha ms of let-
lass, ssspiliaW of tol d di at'iu, dliftex rat forgeries is fiaanoi
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is9Q_
eeeoIats ?$e. .tor iaxatasae, a letter twee a sestlaa l'rot.tl.skal.
key was coat to the M4rs" at his Mgwai*t es a lau sr Yeleks-
rovskj~ esployad is th? i~oopla'a tearisaaeariat tax losaip attairaa
wb-o was as that tiara being "alaborslaed" as a eoasytesosos lands-
saat". is this letter iolabaaaa`ovaq- aas fennel to eau oft the
prstosaor and pick the book he was is ased of. This latter wss
iatoraepted at the post-moffisa by a "i.'1C" ageatt and torwerdoal to
the "r brash above it was ohou od and thew posted Main. 3rits
line the letter requested the *figuraat" to take sa iuglisb book
from the library of the People's Cosaisseriet for ioreiga Affairs
sad dive it to Llucbaikov's domestic worker, who would coa a o-
cielly for this purj)ose trot the suamer cottage of the professor.
'Two days aster XolahoaovsXy was suaauaouod to tls , 4VL where he was
told that a secret doaweut of the Cosanissax eat, eatrplai lag bias,
was found In the book which he cent to the professor. This toa>:-
srent was evexa $ OWn to the peaaio-stric lass Kalah snovsky, and soa-
thsxwrsfter t'.e eses x'ecrulted as a MKYL t forever ss,d taw aetailed
statements about his business conversations with soviet Yoreigo,
Commissar +isxla A.itvinov a" , his deputy & rakhea, both of w,bsale
were also under cecrat "elabo. atioa" of that~-eret--olitieal ad-
ainistration of the MAYli.
ch forgeries do not o* barsss in the least the pontiffs of
the soviet "`Justice", and are systeaaastically studied is all hAU
schools as examples of "operative wiwx cowbix-.tions".
"L " - Ceasr4n& of 1jtt.rb the sooye of worts of this
breach is so extensive "at it is impossible to jive a detailed
descriytton of its fusetioua. covering thesselves with the formal
garantee of inviolability of private *at&-* ponde"Go. stotet is
the "otalinis6 Constitution", toe "L-l'g" .a&suts conatantly ape,
read sod even aako photo rephs of the 6orrespauds"Go of the Soviet
eitisens with their relatives or friend & abroade as wall as of the
whole correspoadenoe of those asteigriss or "'tints" of the pops-
latios which are baiag "elaborated" by the organs of the htato
iiicurity at this period of tine. In the sourse of rear parges eat
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=" ?
soprossiooai or at sour psrtlenlas moments of iatersstioasL or is-
tosesl t.naiOS, the ",b-PV" its reed AU letters in the U&&.
All aejor post-offices (AP to th. district iNS) have special
officials who are aonaotiag the o-orreepoahsnse. But %be post-ottice
chiefs are not aware of this tact, at least not officially. Usual-
ly it is dodo in such a war I the chief of the spools] brae"
"recammoa-da" to the hood of the A"Lowa AdaLlls$*s$ies of Post
sod Telegraph to sppoiat -_ 'Comrade L." as a telegraphist or
as a clerk to a certain, post-chime. This ^sn oppasrs before his
new chief showing simply a paper from the proviasisl office of Foot
sdd Telegraph. tot sole Liao ho curios on the usuol work of an
ordimary cleric std is soapletely subordiasto to the chief of the
post-chic.. Then be is instructed to get into coatect with a ssr-
taLi group of employees of this post-ottioo, sad proceeds to his
special t"Ics, not reporting about taw to the chief of the post-
office. Usually this work is eatzvsted to letter-earrisrs, employees
sorting out the correspondence or taxing the letters out of the
letter-bones.
Copes of the letters tbdt are oha+rsotiristis In, sat wei
ere forwarded to the district section of the XhTD, acid is protin-
cial office. - to the shier of the tad kipecial Division of the
ILYD sdeiaistratiaa for this region. Dspcndiag on the "general
line" of the P.z'tl said on the JI1(V1 L-structions, the utmost attsa-
tias mg be paid to "iliac olerrsts", to. persona .0ad.ated with
differ at kisds of eppositioA, to "corrupt slesents" la the army etc
In the aswly this system is cospieted in such a way that ceery
aLiits" nn,it has its *m letter-boa, sad all soldiers and Jusiar
officers are obliged to use it for *$LU A their letters (off ioi-
alll it? Le dons to hate the letters posted tree Of charge). all
theoi.letters are rood W the effLtlrals of the AM dpedial Hoe-
item ('Ocobij otdol") or of the political ssetioa of the allitary
trait. ' Daring the war each a gslm Moewiled for the lost that $
litter` Seat 4hsoa the bold post at ftlksve (five sties teas Le-
ed) reached the sidsessce is Loaiogrsd cei7 is tea dad s.
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.M " r-
dll ss!ls .&40se et "'St sv $ " of apssial ' S .b..tiese"
rear s sassiest "maps" at "mss as/ .Msxi?s of ibis se'
:ek see beta. sspssslsit fi esst+dssi is * iad ?pssisi Dielsira*
fte 04,MW teas esMUsea tssiwlsr sprites sissisb sssbsilias
Us wow at Us 'b-%W sm* ftsee s>teala bale" it *5 so IF#
awsto +? apssisal so*" .0 a" airs apssisi11 psi*. Qe+iiass7 'L t"
am swsil4 "Wt ors "M" ?iatMSlars, Lose +ritbssl pq, tint teen
ism I* um towily a w qt sees i'"ams.
As a rsatilt Of tMe ssatplss gstes Of aUOAI sd and ssisatiVs
saw WitEwat isa[oassisp as *slots of tier posbsttisos, *5
letters in the UM often disappear ON rush *r Mdrssasos sift
s ssssidarabls diolaa. This i stns srsstos "as taftureblo ssadi?
time for obrusos is as peat at post otfio tale. AM as obrrisea
piarposo of tasilitatia$ the work Ot *L-i'x" ago"** loss before
as spat is the Uaa& ea obU4starp rile was latrofteed that Us
ssidress -of tto senior had to ba.swrritte as the obverse aide of
as envelope. I ail toLsseaas the aduress of tbo camber bad to
be lavarisbit a-satisard.. .
~/ ~,~e .? haaieasoa. Me "Lttte~r ~t" braosh is is shassts of seass-t-
sylliaas the tslephoao cosv.raatisoa. Tba center of line astildty
is $easov is the special asstie M of the ostsnl telsphooe atatiss,
is the sapitals of the Uaies kapsbliss MA U rebore" seaters
spesi sl sestiosa of losal tslepbow sesha rs.
fts operative tsohsigso "1t" soy b. socsidirsd as one at us
i popular Means at its "' slaborstieslss". Ul#p 1Rs suuabor of
the "garnet" is takAft for seatral, netted any . sail, ever flea us
asllll-ta>tartie hls;pborss, is ssriip shook" up* the aunber of Us
-. is a a rent sssssded after the ees~sv. as bw .eaas
at 04 Svs ass *Jtears the "*" wM^assj ss-
Me airs an Ihish 'tslepttrs the sslL Wes sado MA .sere this
ri-saberas is altered, if as sail Was so" tees a booth sith
a tssstirs . Tarr is er a; aar is meta s wth.d, Mad
i is s+s~lasi~l- anti" q 5b to"". so of ~& oomul
bet there, tests, as t111111110 at plus, it to *sst. Mir tors bo .zposisias
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-* MLwsr St peet%Lrl>Iai~~1l d.~se?rs sriMasl etftr *s. wrilo
"M an is it is a a" wm.tLn< ra"bruftVi gates
to: assis#iai to lystt it its ssL3j s 's with all olesl.Ats
" ppti.a is this ssw-ts~.
~e eprn iie t i "M" is ps la?ta- ones yp11M
i.r w M of ~t 'firtei~s". tlrs bsueees-
usfs sirsiss of the i.Tiet Kiss aMe a Mmes use of the Sole-
ptioM awt ark. Ow Soviet peepio tNw very OSh that the tole-
phase sasnersstisas are tsppose a" therefore the sets geoust9ft
aM to unieg "do for their I-lsphess .@ls. mail .sestly we
eedLtied sbrrpater of the slaplot teiop~-oso aa~l srsatleos is
Msos~irf for the XLYD, b?ist just the psoyer trial for the
"oiatiasatioas"0 blsolaaaulag a" brl ia$ "Ors", ssset3sss of
a pbeatestie and isprobeble nature.
The aaso of the Comer head of the Central Couaoll of
"'Csoafislchla" the ssat-sinews' orgeniaation for developssat
e# serial wad. ahaaiaal defaac? of the Soviet UaLos) t so+srsl
3a., Ado s, who was ez.outed toithsr With Marshal ~u?aas> evs~yr
la 193?e aaj oerve as a oharestsristio example of the work. of
""balm braaab. It was known La the viroles of tie` leading ICVD
sttLeials that at the raoiaat whet the 'L'~lchasherslq- plot bad bow
szposid. no. a sis$ saterias was available for ll desea who
r sees suspisions. Xidosa was a *lose triesd of
vassal zorlc# the Csw>lawdisi gtfis" of the irtia-se silitari Asa-
4so , who was also eseeuted lanes ea for havins bees involved is
the l rsi11 plot. 1 tollowiai trials was used to ups..
JIL40Us $ a& YID asst soi its u throuXb a lo001 trisphoss ss'M
"one of its fto W "at 4"0 sall aS, iisself Lark. "'versed" his
of the ~apssdiap O+Mapr of as Lasediate arrest. oa rs1D am was
?elsSISd fear this soavss'satioft whose voice had aacastly trio sae
tislan t of lefts ' veil Sato"" XZTD officials .eatiesed
asd
slt s~ ~e sea i arsttate steps to ""now
was asrtatN st the Maedt whoa he was recd to 0% into his ear.
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40" tiro afterwards, the 'oftieial of the ?sorrt-i siitisal
Division of the Gun iacharev she was present at the tea ash of
#idwraa, told his istisate frisrrMtts that id??ai1 lassodiatslir sta,-
sed tie sake csteseless sftsas baviog Dodd dirootly asked odsxs
be wMted to ttoe sad what were the resasas tea his flight.sbsa
hidsisaa gave an svasivs Nnassr, probably 00 gain Liss* he ?aa
asked without bsatin wooed the bah $ did he rs eive a a.roiiug
about as impending arrest? *boo iii saaererrd to the mutative,
the investigator declared that he was liriaag, this the apparatus
of the control tslophahe station was used for tLis c auaisstion
saad that he spoke with a AXYD ran and a-ot with Cork.
Than Lidesaa coasfeseed that soda a ooAvursetics had rsallf
takem pl`oe, and that havi.nd been warned he dsai.ded to floe, but
did not know where. After tt-at he was question ad about the rose=
of his daayring the salt cad %U* warAtag (all -ornaaus, szaaiaed
is the ftVL, have to sign all their- aam-saers without any delay)
and he had to explain, rhq he, a porsou without any cease efj+ailt,
d idol to leave his Sumer aottade near MOSCOW and to his mot
Thug, such a measure provided the iavsstigator with coaerete
satorial, and on its base, one hour later, 4ideMn rate aetailed
depositioasi still later, the ante hidaas,a convicted otaers, is'
sl idiall i Loaa:k, at the erase-azaminatious.
no lirtsaieg-in of telephone.aoaversatisas is called
0psssivs measures" in the instruction about. the operative tecksi-p
arras ''r. &AS the "*" tasks of the aid $peeial DivisLam include
aiN Me co1ma "setivs aaawme"o where tollowiar s steps are
as atilt emu-
I "to sti -oft the oasversatian", or "la ease of s oos,sr-
ssttas sbost , rose ypoistusat to cake it one hour later, sr sofly
&a$ as moetlft ***IN Or No W"t" Ott the to L opho a tacit...
UUO? ? ?W?
me"60 i "l smtslo the ft r4 ? o satsati * do telle+r~eg
eE100 of fists I
a) toso s ss?irs art eo? aMalaWs i
ti) #s'ivste 11e102boaas of ill toaigoerak
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-9s-
?) ail te14ass of a hotels as '.resew , ftetrapol"
"'8sYo3-" 1
d) sit tolophsw$ if Isople's 4sriassriate of lossiw
Aftaiss, of s-oteawe, of itlctormal Tvrie. - of tko
fcaaativo harm"" of the CcSvni sI Iatoroattoaat
~ tisalatsss)?
AS to the pwsassatsl. !o3 sphoao a t !!c, as so oohed
?~raslia aateaasis Telslpboas 1sbsrgs" Cos %"WIL*i " is we
O ist sl cog ), the Ny ooatzol 64,88 swt osto Daly very
taw of. the highest leaders of the U . Tl i art put an the list
by 8t611a h' It and the list is forirar4ot tdto+ the special
sector of the Central Party Coarit$oe. Thin sector is ampervised
by the somber of the OBUburo Shkilyat eve
F.iaat , "W( 4.2atLS&. fte took& of this
breach comprise sending of cip'hared radiograms from tt a oentral
ALYy adaioi itrotions in Aoscow to ever7 cower of the a viet UAiaa,
receiving of such ciphered radiograms frog local MKY agencies,
discovering the presence of uAdesgrua4 radio-stations an the
Vda territory and locating thong as well as suftitag of all ua-
dosiroble broadcasts what ever their.ori,ia any be.
'the section ",L-4'"' nos its own radio-stations and radio Lo-
lion posts is well as other devices for Carr7iA$ out these varl-
ous cad complicated tasks. before t h* war the Central i.YU radio-
station was located in the hamlet AaaLso near Moscow, but in is-
tabor 1911, when. the Gessan troops ores aearar to the boviet ca-
pital, it was partly evacuated and partly dostuq d bj the daso
lities dotschaaits of the 1ffYD. The authors of this manuscript
Ws, scot i,nforaed ..bout the location of this radio-station attar
the wss.
thread, before the war, the fuaotions of the "L-f'" asquired
a m& seep. that it booaa assess $Z7 to brim. iato strait a fun-
daias$el soorssaisatia of the ebsis breach.
8s, for Lasts "op the now f otioos of the "b-PO iaaaluded
ps~rpsgsswts broaMasts is fbraigs languages Mist were received
aid re4 oodaastsd further through sess^et radio-statiass of local
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CotruaLst pertses. ? ;rear $t Tess was But, sm vas work is "is-
Men to ft* Latin-Amerioes sountries (Cuba, %ke region of the
ftmae cbmasl, Brasil, Chile 0"0 0 Us kebituel tine fir a
bsi"sssis was the poring fro I &.s. ttill 3 saw* (l ow Um).,
us srmCalled "wbits spots" eppesXS for that perw is the re-
$risr bwadsastiml proirstr of ao tosoew r+r-o-oasti#tee, and as-
thug was officially haaM about sawn "spans'"*
The using of the short-wevo statiag-s of the VMRN t for susrrat
"sUsetiog of the foreign rSrnts of the Jorsi? IM ?daiaistra-
tiss4the IntelliqWe AdainistrsttO* of t b* +dedersl Staff, sad
Cetmsuaist Isteraatiatal ( now Cosiatus) is another fnastion
of the "L-r breash. Usu4allY a co" is used for 80oh trrnsaissim s
, a,rhow, lot a series of cases - for azatt-ple, iastru ctims to the
apwiab guerilla in Astoria In 1939-41 (cad now, uadoubtedly, to
the Greet t rtllas), - such broadcasts wer aad* openly, but, of
co+wssr, in the case of the Central Gosasittee of the correspoading
Cawa`utiat part. So, for instance, it 1s kmea, that the order
!bs a* dtrishag of UM Pollitt (British Cs unist Pate"') Is a5
t:e result of his ttaatioal error at the sasent of the declaration
of the .war, a re throush radio dirsctlj from Ito sa ow.
f infortatioa intended for the agents is usuaily rooeivod
by the sipherint branch of the Soviet estissa) of of the 60viet
commercial representation- with the help of "P a-58" radio set,
esd is trsosittsd further in the same way, gee. to the receiver
of th aroi, whisk has, as a xuls, only sae ware for traaasis-
s am., elms a kiai possible the cost xol of the setting iron some
*war print.
Ms scope of work for dedip erimg or sitaply for tapping of
yard - broadcasts sad s iie..telophosb eo^r taatiaas was also
yrss~sci la as mewl wa,1. iir~aiy before eso woe, a aPasiel
ssdt#af- tar reses~dlag 1t r?tie~ialpbo~w so~waLostio~-s betwsam
! lisrsi~t volertsets of Lesam sad lasblagtes was or
nlm ~irwp" ban11s1t. thews esri- also saw svjdsss that the first
asrssfel atii+r^Ipts to $Atisrs the tras-satlsatia tails beers
mill cart alt took place In 1".00
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ti*ally, the "1r-P" w+s tresstosad into, a hw0 orRaoisaae+a
with igtaxaurtional .toff of woitars. These warn aastj sasbsrs of
f0rei4P C;OSSunist parties who were *At to Moscow U the result
Of a worst sobilisa'tiow whisk was persooatly ysrtosaod by the
Msretariss or the Carunist ""Los abro- . me 014 presisa is
ow Mau" L 17 k street we" tee swel,l fir WU deparumt, sad
? la 1941 it was trassterrM into a spesioua b &L1diag in Lenin Kills
bar Moscow. The whole central Coaintern apparatus h*d been trans.
feared there from the Saposhkov. dtuare sosewkat earlier, in 1940.
As to its organisatioaat, the ",L-P"' still belonged to the AM mys.
ten but practically it was subordiaatod to the special sector of
the All-Union Ooaru ist party Central Coaoaittea.
'''1.1"'e tae work of this branch eoasists is oterhaasiag the
$oaVVersatioaa in different presises with the help of special do.
Vise** fe control Moscow hotels are the principal field of ope-
rrstisns of this branch, for they usually give shelter to foreigners
and most proaiaent party sea, coming to Moscow from the proviaees.
Ike wont habitual vethod of listani,re-JA is. the installaties
of spoof iibrenoa-ditto -
Dho1es into the awit&aa, watilatora,
sleek., table logo etc. aiddan wires go from these smbraoea
throu~L the inteaaityiag sub-stations to the Control center Cis
M$1 p a L*1biaaaka Street 9 ). f
Me 0L-s" branch paiya ovm more attention to the buildiaas
of foreign etbassios, sissies, conenlates and dittereat eaa er_
Dial and cultural repreasatatiaas. But this portion of work be-
. first of all to the field of operatic na of the\LITD rorela
sad CosatIntellltaase vlaisistratioas sad will be disaraassd is
sere detsils in the Serrosposdiag siapters of this aa- books
i art tie asaUoid and is tatsaW tueatisis at SM ad
Del stet at for w u no. The aaositis tgatrtswi at
lto eM l+~s tip tasBo ihort aasb of ft brabooa ias a
asrsidsrable is l+ sadenso sad the Gist of the Dress oshlr
iotatos the imsoti fog of tittorast ninon of opersSi e
qse. the lot $p otai MTlsiss it togs sat peorteat sy
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opesati7e ,pair of its ors "d is latow-4a1d to assist all opsr+athM
"V1410" and aiJaistsatiaas of tk sm a -a t ft" so ?aalawt-
ar i? aidht be aeeds4. Sti* is to for Moscow a" tot all UT)
r iwl *ti istsatcior~e~ Mack at whiob has its ow 4 Nisi
DiVisioa, to its towitosisi UTD ad'iniatrstiaa
and to Ski 24 Special DitiMsa of Ski hoasow Mitit hoa~dgnast~ ,
Fosset17 the ftiaetioas of this diVislaa oaap*isod also the
pt"stooti*a of lseders, but same years before the tesld Ear lI
this task wont over to the aewlz ersst 1 at Divtsioo of the QUQ&*
The I s% Division of the 4YTD U&B.ezista Daly In Moscow, w4 the
protection of all provinoial leaders is still entruatod to the
2md Special Division, or, to be sore ?ssct, to its "L-,NM" braiaoh.
The majority of Us sarkors of the 2sd Spioial X)iv! Zsioa
are the ANYD staff officials and they mm*Wkm are on Ski NAM
pay-roll. This division usuiliy hies "special agents" for the
needs of operstiw 1&VD divisions *ad s4ainistrotions - thieves,
buaglors? pick-pockets, special is ip up a r-tw Ia. the
street, and other eriniaais.
Th? abundance of technical devices in this Qivisioa and
their complexity occouz is for the fact that W is brencb is on?
of the most sxposi a in the UV system. Acoosrd.i 6 to soa? data
the "teelaique" absorbs up to NA of official budget sypropriatieas
for the NKYL needs.
The orssnisation of the god bpecisl Division is abo+ra on
the.diasras so 9.
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It bw a"04 bsw sis$iarod ebovs that *? auk of is
is bsesi ft is pr atpal * 1, operatitr!
a ds. fib, op.ntL s $es L e m4 irgwst a to mid a
s* is the usitj of espositieiy we plow* the "-I, "a of struts.
tare and prisaiples of wean of the YL D I WO" oraass imodi.
stele- after the welysis of stzvelu ro a" fuastiass of the lst
and 2tctd $#** Lot b t tslea cat prevLs sly to the stud] of trite
ativity cad ~rtrnoture of p aro1 operative agoasies if tb* i.
Pisst of all, let us oaU to onr aiad that by a saaal Jo
gal pxocedusy the inquest is the praiiatasry stage for the ekes-
sure of the circusstauuces o: the aria* an4 toe the ostabliMaaat
of t ' identit.7 of persons who ?i. ht have possibly oor -itt ei, it,
aM the conclusions of the LuvostUetor are in no ss3- obligator]
for the dseistoa of the court. iahe investigator aaaAot take part
is th psos#ed.iaga. of the eonst or isfiusoco ten in any wayothe.
tisiy of the crime has to be irrefutably proved, and oalj wader
this semAitian the verdict of guilty any be pawede ftrthexaese.
the court cannot be iafiu Ao.d omij by indirect proofs and ovi-
discou is p.ssini in a verdict. An iaword conviotios of the
J* that the soused really Bost d a aeriaia srisW, net sub-,
stsrtiat*d by ma 9 oof s, worst be a retaos, ssttieiist for pee-
NAM s seatisas? 'masse olearata r rules of iow preeodutrs are
p ligalwlsl- tar judicial wg+ora of &o=ALL oourtriaa but air -Ter
these of as lovlei chat.
Is caries to usd rat"A the sole of Sellet iaquee,t 4zgm
r " MIhsds of theis coshs it is aesessart to dwell , as
p rtlples of jalistal pasts is ao 601 M isw? 0 seat a*-
t sd ssati4erotii if this poablaa is fowl is the boob of' lbs
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100
?ttop *W MMSSI of tube U&Sk s store of foraiga a96
f~wiss ?.Z.fi r ""Wexj of J 4ioial Proofs is the S.1,96 J'W
first oditbs - kosoow, 19416 sosoad +? 1916). Yimusoyr owes
Mad" me 8taua p>utim of as first gram (2009000 sakes)
aid the title of the rrVA"r ussbo of the daadsspr of Seieaso?
at the 1 for this . This boot sward also as OR iaitial
,point for the eMpUstsoa if sow ariaissl wad, civil codes of the
V S : 3 S (this w o r k was badua in 1947). y1mbi Is does not set out
1, Al! standards or ulatioY in his 'Or but ho Lars dogs is
ge87 plain and precise torso the tundeaeotai r ulatioos of the
Se~riot isgal preoaedare als j used in prsctiee.
Tbess f"uadaaontal regulations asy be brieflj fosftulatea
as follows $
1. The Soviet Jurisprudence is permeated by part-spirit
e is based upon the i xist- LeAiniat aetkodoloo.
2. The Soviet state (i.e. the Co uAiot psrt7) is the be.
getter of the Soviet court Rich is flesh end blood of the am
SoeialsI society,
3? The inward conviction of the boviet JUd ee is oosa eted
with their socialist intsrpxetatioa of the is,, with their *or.
oiaist conception of law based upon tLe social-political world
outlook of the wor;cie class. The seateuoe passed by the court
is based upon this ceariction of the Judges, but this conyictiea
has to be pox maasive beiaW supported by the sarziatinist
pri4eiples of the Soviet juridical science.
4. If there is a look of direct proofs or it ttb?y are Lam.
soffisicat to state the bed7- of the orisa, the diisieas oft e
Soviet swat sa- be based upon 1044 *at proofa or evidences,
l~osa tarlat xs rl1tLess sobs the Soviet court s stale Mot
tb seUa ,PU . aM if SM o nee o! Ito dtsl At s diettaM~..
'a m#* fte bust eomt sop sic a passes e?s a it the dlrssi
Amts of his 0410' are laekiat ?? aM this is its
gtl~pei ~ !r'~ipal pe-
e ava'ar~ora f.5. purpo ij *elset" out of
pr airs at ieViet s e e r s . , tishiaa rather a
- 1 0 4 1 4 states
%st if the lraiirss$ presto are sp$ oezross , the sourb.
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1p1
taaoai atisa a be obw1slra1j reliable and the results, 1 us ashim
eved - writable am& perameaive. This etat wt of titbisiiy is
sothia4 but sa atWspt , tI ip- a thoorotisal founsdotiea for iatgal-
14- end club-law of trio ~~it+Ad "Judicial boards", "special sous-
ails" sad "trotkss".
In the Soviet Vaica the system of public legal procedures
with their. plesdisgs, 4ebatSs, with iseviag the assiasd the sift
of defending hiaseil, with citation of wibaosses oto. - is &U..
*ally reserved say for "Proplo's Court" ("larsud") that considers
m o criminal offesees, unimportant aiede saaours or litigatisms,
sn4 controversies between separate sitiaens or iastitutiops. At
the trials of these insignificant Offenders the Soviet courts ad-
her to the usual standards of legal prooodu re, and this enables
the Soviet goverment and its s Brous noire or dishonest friends
abroad to demonstrate the fairness, legality and even dsaoarotle
character of Soviet justice.
However, in all cases when the duviet goveranent itself or
,the Camw.nist party: plays the role of the accuser and this hap!-
pests in : trio, absolute ra j ority of cases area leads to US most dra-
stis sentences,- this normal standard of legal procedure is het
followed, the trial takes place behind closes doors, even without
the accused and his defenders, and is prectioslly reduced to the
approval of accusing materials or "notices", that had bosh pro.-
pared by the investigator beforehand. *e haw . alras&y dwelt an
this procedure' when we mentioned the Special Council attached to
.the People's. Cosrissar of the a&YD. This rind of "trial" is nothing
but mockery at all aorss of legal procedure sad at the very see
asption of justice. But essel7 this woe the practice of co"MMO.
lag sillfons of innocent eitisess of the 8ovist Union to ezeou.-
t1oll-, laeg years of isprisomment or deportation. La &LI the"
cases special pKTD-M" "courts" have passed thou verdicts on tae
brass of indirect proofs, as in sojerit7 of such. sees the aLTD
in tigstors are teanally ussUe to discover asnr direct proofs
sf tha? "guilty".
than the actions of the t follow the lino of a s
osiprfp of political terror prroslaiaod by the Politburo, set
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102 do
WAS is aosely the esae, ? the infuse is not the prelim .r7 -M$
*e fissi starts of the soWro-ozooisatioa (Lf we a0A apgJj this
saw to the proeedrre, habitual is tLs Ub )? sad it concludes
the process, that had its aning In tea operative recordLag
sad tba, so-called "olaborstios of the fii raat". The "Aotisf"
su1>raitted by the investigator to the Judgeanat Of the 0Mpeelat
board" usually eaelOas not *Wj the raterisl? provided try the
inquest itself, but also the iadictssut cad a ssestioa as to
the pui ttive measure, Ia the tort of a certain prradrapn of the
Crta .aa1 Cods of the iwY3at or soAte other Uuion hspubL it:. iota work
of the "Special council" usuel.i.y coasiots oniy in approving of
tie iaveatigstor's coucluaidus as- ? tics aaleatltaa of so&* other
c1suse of L be Criminal-i: olitLeal V"ote with the core..spoading
abases La the puuitiva aeasUres.. The "1eg41proesaur?" of the
"troika" is even more simplified ( flee chapter "negicaaal )races
of the UV)").
Usually, is tue pr*ctLC.. of the . A VL wo c the ;;yVra;ive part
is not ssjeratcd tro3 the inyueat ( el ,ll.;; sat thw s;o,rioaa of
political csstpatEua and purees). One @:;i(4 Us sea* AKVD operative
worker bedina the ei,burytioa opt the case, i.e.* oreeaises the
eroding after the "fiaarent", collects preliAla ry data sag is
very thou cLarged with d.etaa11., Of this har$On iuid -uakt g a
search bt his lodjingt? After the orrest of the "fiaursrit" or of
a group of `persons involved la, i the sage case, the oy.retivs .or-
her is teiporerily transferred to the inquest depertasat. As per..
sonAlly. aekkea the exsmination snd,baviug cospleted #-he inventida-
tios1e he reports on. the Case to the car es,pondir 11M court.lta..
1-iot sesplsted and closed teas ease, the operative worker rotutas
to bls operative slit. 2lis * be illastrstei b7 the fol-
t e #a samples
't ?pea'stivt rooovdbW of the lot Bpesiai Div; sins d~4alo-
sea ' a group off ts*ssiet officers, aoble^ea sad other have bows"
-os4 the lssturae aM prf oasors of the Lett (at s*i v rsit .
~'rfee "?lsboratioa" of *1. ga'o pis entrntste4 to the operative
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a -t represeintative. of the soet~et-;-elitieal di VLStM of the Le-
1L D regi oral *dsiaistZStlea. Ks ergarisatar tine trsU.1a .
tia5se the aetwo* of stamts, wsceets is his efforts SO sesnre
the la OK teem the pea of all psresas she ''srtuloe into tip
ruks of the Put, ' wd fiaalI attests them sa "oaosies of the
people"o
Haviai completed all these prSliaisarjr states, he is trsua'
ferred to the iaquost division of the Leningrad MID reiioasl ad-
aiaistration and starts to obtais frOa the arrestses such "SOG-
tossions" of the arias which seen to hie to be the soil suitable
ones in this ease. Ravine sespltte+d the invostiaatian, he seapues
a "refaresce notice" ("sprovl.") which is anoousood at the aeetiag
of the 'troika" of the Leningrad UVD rettional .clminlstratiee-e
hereafter the case is coasi.israd to be closed# .aft the operative
worker in question is sgaia raturasd to his peta.*t work in the
secret-,political division. If tt.e ciao is brought before the Oayo-
sial Council", this operative anent-?ropr.seat ativov having soar
piled a "action" and the i aU t, leaves for Moscow and pesaaral
hf reports his material at a nesting of the "S;ocirl Council" of
the NKVD USSR.
Saab an order of aarryi,ag on tbc investioat item is especially
favourable for the isequilWo alub-lair and fabrication of tales
sabres and forged acousatioaa, as the operative agent-rspresestati S
esssl-iat on the lawsuit, is porsoaslij' interested is ooadmaing
parsecs whom he has been "elaborating"o this 1s a kind of a wain
teesffss sad the oal7 possible remit is the ooawietie* of all
araspeoted persona.
Psv~otisrilt, $ posses Ls eoaviot alreedl t at the aaaaol
skate his mess sm me ion ova or the 1 at $pesial,
liit-lrsiotl-e In calf ga*Mo& is MW Lwi it dll twos to 1i jPirate
00 dW% texas sill t his ligsl,datirw mums. Maw rssii"
he enter for the ''elaberatii5a of a remain parson and Moiag is
ssrasiam of the data, O"tu" bw ape"" reseeding, ibe sgeat-
mprereet-tatiVs anal obtain the As fissatios of these aeterials,
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?? 104
the Cos-riatten of his 'viatie. a ~ w k ~ ~.?~.
o be starts woric?
ins s the ass., he is avers of the feet that IS he dose a?t pt
as zlsquired costiisatioa- or the data, provided bJ spsaial aesm4p-
ia4, the case will apt be sloset, but passed over to sasthor HID
Rabe and he Liaselt will be ""V" d w a "s+ lise'" of this "fL.
guraat" sad will be ligaidstod sooner or later.
Therefore the question of the real salpability of this ass
do.s not. exist for the agent. As aunt be *tity, it the sort-se-
presentative wants to be sate and somAa She wuipabilitr of the
"fig=sat" is a Zen, th'an for the adant-rspreaantstivo o4ooodly
at the "Anent Zen, the "elaboration" of this arson is bah" gno.
tsuated to his. "Its 1KY4 does not arrest for aot.ning" - ,wsh is
the standard aussor, givers to all, try i4 to yro test their rela-
tives or iatiastes who got into trouble, &ad exj;ressiad, a naive
hope that it is only a alota:rce, a a-isuu+cint "taa.ir.
pros the vey beginning of the "slabdratton' , the cusp oted
sma betras?s the y.ravual s a e S 4 of tL a oysxative;~a~eut-te ieaenia~
give as the well-being and security of the latex. aeread on the
"success" of toe elaboration. 'ue Cns,~ia-bpy-:weatsa$tor-,fudge
persecutes his victia witty the obstinacy *Ad i+arj of a rouad t:rjp-
isg to twat bla dose, as soon as possible.
After the arrest of the "euea,y of the oo,~le" the operative
agent rej,,reseutative assuutes the rol,,* of the investiKator, and he
snit ova goat the arrest sad all the aocuaUtioas or the "fig-t-
raat",!have been justified, othsr.iss auotzar A&Wii sea will be su-
trus' id with the inquest, acct this operative agaut-redrauestative
viii be punished in some way for L? is failure, at .Least losing his
official positiaa. In this stage he is not even interested in to$-
tieg to the bottom of the natters the accused has to be aonvia"d
aa4 the diffieul.tj Ilse, only in the best 14hounti4a" of the a&"*
It several sass. he" bear sncceaatully aountsd sad their "fare"
WOW tosM to be sdequat?, this inisstigotor, i.e. the operative
agent.-rsproefttottvr, will be psoselod and rewarded i it the
awatiog is found to be poor, he will etaW without pxosotios or
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10i
viii be oVM rodaeed to a iowor raank. The JIM-*QB rsl.Ws its
'rioti", from its deadly grip onIj I& those rare cases *hem the
ouprws heart, on es . bows amo reasons for sending general iastx m-
tsems to reconsider cases of all pbrsonft whose streets have asst
boo substentiatod, aed rehabilitate th . This happened, for ia-
stable, is 1939. when Deria repias?d Y?shov In the post of t b?
hood of the IUD.
The stz stare of the inquest division is eotp&rstivoU aia j~a
sad it r?floets in general lisps the struntare of tno MKVD-aiit3s
operative agonies (see diagram so 10).
ooh NKYD ?datth1stratioa or division has the inquest sostLas
or the inquest broach which is subordinoted both to this JKY ad-
ai.nistratioa or division cad to the inquest divisian of tbo eouter,
in noscoa. It is more ooavemisat to aok? au ana.Lysis of this strus-
t3urt using, so sa example, the inquest Ski" of the IIVD zogiacaal
odaia,iatretion. in this case the inquest brooch is , composed out of
several sect Loan, depending on the nuabor of the o p. ratite divisions
of this I&YD regional aasiaistrstion. Usu.ll.1 it consists of the
toliowLg s1i0tio i I at - -$osretsrist.i 2n4 "ser!viag" the Ooaat?s
1atelligeaoe Division (tlc4) i 3rd - serving the iecret-i=olitiesl
Division (SYO)i 4th - serving the Moaoais Division (U4)g sad
9th - serving the Sp?cisl Di*isioad ("Osobi. Otdel" ).
Operative workers of each $royp of the;iaquest draaeh are
divided in aooordafte with the mmbsr of ope*ative wstims seoo-
aaodatod by this lagnest g ro sp. thus is 1938+39 the 3rd droop of
the st brsneh. of a largo regional IE!D sdainistrstion soe-
sistid? t best mobod d Dior investigstors, aid wss .zgalaia d
is such a ?e that one of ihes worked with the lot section of the
810. the other - with the Ud ots.: IA snob a wet the investigators
are spSsialiset on eases. of a sisiiss ape,, and besides it is very
h0lpfsl is 299@041A to the sonspis*~, for oaif one person is it
tas*0d sboot all eases vuder the Jurisdiotion of this sectioa-e
u5*a11y every section of the provincial La4aost brush oases
state of only one seller israstigatoar with the sit of as operative
-t-sepriswtativs, and of evsrsl u ii' R haviai the rash
St isaistan* o native ag0rts eprssoatstives. Mat, as we have eon
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is the above stLssed er plej of a bran" isrrLAg the Sssrs$.
Folitiaal 3 aisiea ($W), . the. amber of seater iavostigators may
be oteasiderebly issreased depend" ai sa the ettrntios paid to s
carts operative division or adaisistratias of tbo rriy. is
eacsraple refers to the pesAioh Waso us essential attention Of the
tssasuaist paaV -a" of the RYD itself was am= to the Secret-
political Adainistretion.
The staffs of the branches in the oentr.l inquest division.
in Moos** are such nor* nuserous and the iavestigatwrs have hlihwr
r& Wm there. Besides, there is s special iffiest branch serving
the lot Division of the NLYU Ub: , i.e. considering the cases conr-
sectsd with the protection of the scribers of the iioviot t.overnaeat,
party leaders on:.' the KrsaliA.
Every .central administration of the IiU Ib (now 'deb) also has
its ovrra inquest section or inyusat branch which is subordinated
to the inquest division of the (U& B ;14V) U'$-1. It cc asiats of sub-
sections which correspond to the division of his central *"L i-
stsatio~c-- of the GUGB. Thus, for eaawp10, the ihcueat section of
the Y+nosoaia, :AdsiAistretioa of the 4,UGB is coapo d of sub-aectiuna
oonceruid with sil industry, fishing trade etc.
la"2g% ar Methods of AMALBANIM
as have already discussed above the y+articulerities of the
iacaest in the UYYD practices Its }purpose is rant the feeding out
of the fact, under which cirausatasiaes the real crise vas oataita'
tad, sod ' pot the ssoertalsini? of the gen. erns who have possibly
sm~sitted that stile, but only the aaiatoiniag of uesorum is the
setribetie* of the arrested 0sssq!, who usmaUj has to. be lip"-
dated os-iy one as bats of sots asaersl lastriaotims of higher
Ps tt organs cad of us data of the operative recording sad of
his previews "elaboration" by the i[YD agents. is the otr~erwhsla-
iai aosity of eases the UYD-#oi . iavestigators_ succeed only is
squeesiai out of their victims the confessions about some crimes
the intended to sasait, but very sold es the orrestees adsit that
th have real17 aes witted these oriass.
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107
prsarl1y, me IX .io st x. aatst stisk is seltaira assss of
the fetal ps~ss ss~s? bat psssti$1117 t unr s"sr to Um
aad p M irh~s tr + pp17ia MY "*Ith4ds of owelsal
iaifias ss"~ i.s* tortUm to their vlotiS$. TNo "at horrid tortures
? the bss," oad tssosti~ of ams$s s watt sisal pzstisod by
but f"
t ash istr~od yeas of diassstass
as . as lass Of Ysshow = this period is ssilsl ties "deist parts
abros , bat - %be: "'fsMtMiea . is the toVILat U1121=6 =oshst's pr '
dleooomw as the peat at tbs 1MD lieplo?s Corisraaiat, Ysiais
sttwo : a verge trout iap?sta se to the operative 1MhM.pe seed
to tho sort with amts. 1-s was an odhoarost of applying " Osu
tbt p ep a "isal Md not the p&ysLa al wthots of iatlasaso. Just
. he lea hea&ias the KVD, a sastaslp yr ates at trsiliaE, spp?
ias, blacksaiiios a provoaattoAs Cu eat to seek. Messed to
say that it the inveatigator boats Or tortures as arrests, ho
aakaowledgos his owe utter iubility of "Sorting a O*afessios
troy this metes by sad other news. Ot _ _cowee it doss sot mass
kst at: ire tiros of Isoda the JIXV iar otisaoro behaved like
gMiters With 'htz viruses tortures a" bsAt s dsa a took
place but they wire sot the only or the ossestial sothod.
All the.. "oerea+antS$ with the eaMias of the people" sere
eorpleteiy rooted is the tearful period of the "' sort io"
and of xosh?i'a "4p., the 60put3 to the MIlD espies Caaaiasas
tstov r b hsvst with partisular brutality. Ia 1937-O)a he Lairs-
dussd s system of some beatiats and suadsrs duel" UO U406806
,tt ids seas tints ZskavsW. hold 00 shire of the Chief of lba
heroes ra6io U adsiaistratioa, wbils prior to that ho had
beans hosdi,at for several years the MID adalsi straties of the
Lsslolse~i r ios. At So Ulsslretiea Of the isg nest aathOos iatrO-
dwssd by this ds+eMtsi a is soviet ,punitive oriels say seasons
Mwa b astful dss1 a13~ at iabovww Massif, alt a wotuAg of
10edirg jig"#wiais is $sasaso is 193$, list is its weeks
It ldmklmft~~
?oativsd I. 1193W r~sies ost 1 of 11 tiossaAs of npiu
is tars LaniatsM ss 1 '. It is v017 si$a sso-t that as harrif
Pont" of 1937 -31.. sued "s? vasi-tf (isshev's "ISM) OW OAO
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setiet psopl?, warn raras11y aaoasiast " ,i kl .bohiss" is the Giw *LrnI
shoes.
8y the MA at this perie4 the wsaber of alVrastels sea so
Groat, that so apy-wo t it ?$r-ts (I*--- rsbota") was pow-
sable before the .b"isa +i of the inquest in prisoA. People were
arrested by lu ndr on the basis of the data of op.rstiv!
roeoz4iag or is a result of a libel, s4sesed cue of eoae prisons
by moms of horrid tortures. for severe! years an isaorant, !rule
as dull inv*stigator besaa? the "1KYD 4W eLYil. the led of a
chair?. the handle of a revolver or simply a boat or a fist, cos-
broad with dLrtieat ssearir .z4 Most t.w. fine insults Wore his
"5sett ods of inquest". *hea "softbtertou" Boris replaced leabov,
be d.olared a " it is not forbidden to beet, *ud it is necessary
to best, but not everybody as 10 won don before".
In all periods of the r oKet r. L*. in Rawl* the iavesti-
Sotors of the punitive org*A$ have noted !Ad ati.41 act sore sc
cor4:iag to the pniuolpl* of "revolut.iwaary s0aaaalousaeaa" "sa .
aecordi to Juridical norms. Besides alt reasons, s.nttoned
above, this is also .syl.iued by the fact that the iwrestigators
(i.e. the i LY13 operative egeia l?.~r sarttativea) vary uiten have
no notion about there &Wraa iz 64a4ri819 anct it tk4e4 j?e='er is the
and 01 every case to the clause 2W of the CrL aiaai Code (about,
the conclusiou of the inquest), they co it ouly because it has
been ordered by the office of the lttorn.y zisnsral to c&.o so. They
are directed in all their actions by the simple rule that "purpose
justifies Ue clans", and if the "ea.ay" has alz Wady been orre-
sted he has to be tested to cake his confession by my assns,
the u Mel and the coat widespread sethod of the Soviet investi
gstore of screwisig real or, nu/u. sore often, take confessions
out of a pi tsvmer', Lay be briefly rspi.seated in the follosia$
forsirha j i) tarrOsisia$ of the pre O&W by briogl ag against bim
the most phantsstio asessatiarss 2) t gstnatie -exhaustion of
ail physical and cord strength of the prisoners 3) arousing
hopes cad stritiAg of a psychologiosl bargain, bolWoca the inve-
stigator and the priso*U.
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-109-
ells a?st a4 rulAmA tka Was of t ausaads and 0 s B Sam
at Est people. I-C~r the war the ~w aetbod U qm ia tre
tl A" he dseds ?t Ihonasad$ or slrsa sUlims of viotias of the
8oviot rgiUe Is the oounttriss at the Ceetttral sea Mlatb-Aest 1s
]ARxape. Thfrstort it dosasvos to be studie4 _ la the cost detailed
and sttostiva wqe
The artWoors at this wottk have interviewed several dose" of
persoas, terser prisoners of eoviot plates of detection and, coan-
?otrstion coaps as well *& ;to== UVD son as to this problore
fte picture of the gradual "work.t up" of the viatiss of this
institution is near1f the saw in its priaipal features thoudk
sose*bst difsrs in aatails. The following method is the cost ty-
piCel e
for instaam., txte operative Gout-reps seatstivo of the, Son-
? rat-ftlitiaal yivisiou of the ttouoow r.ional Z Y3 adAninistratioa
is ordoresd to "elaborate" the economist of the Aoscsw n chine-
boil i plat " arijcopo+iat~l pni104, $ certain ivanov. ii-e 4XYD .
no Mwria" atii' setierlsls, for this ivaAcv, bszt a retistrs
tion card has been filled out for his by tx-e special recording
s$ . he was "on in the theatre is tine Qoaji$A)f of kartrov. Lis-eeer-
eonstrugtor of the sous pleat who hat: been arrested after baviag
WA a 0oa4aeat*i in rase way with the attVApt upon the life
of Cirov, to of her workers of his section. Ivauor was not present
thin? but owing to this casual aneouater 3u , the theatre he was
iuoladed into the "agontur case" of the 'teller" Petrov, Quo
won sentenced to ton tears of banisbaeat for his etriae.
. B- the warp it is worth +s! astioaI ng that a wave of arrbstp,
ozseutiass sad dspo$tatiaoa which tolloasd the assae action of
xlrsv was sailed by the pule ft he Kirov rasrwitasat"t a similar
sr" that followed the death Of lINuibvahev - "tbe Kuibtshov reo-
s+aitarat"e a" they tearful Pori" of 1936-1938? the so oslla4
areesbq3reitaa", was also defined as "the Brest hssstitssat".
'thus, tie, operatipr sSoab presentatLv. bo?tas the "alabo-
fotvtss" at the aaaao^ris$ Ivs av, who, sines this vsz aoisnt, has
bees tr-1 -tons" L- the IUD fuss into the ?tihsrsst Ivaaov".
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r'
0-110+
The oprrsbittti tb-+ta hthivii sakes sosuirLss La the spssiaa.
si stioa of the plant, sat the +sellwted Utassatles skews that
IVassv Lo 's pair ctA$ gad asssrste s"isa eon 04 tdat awl" the
abole Pori" of his waft at this glass be was sever r.prla.adod
b a r ? his chiefs. g h a t he 1 S S 4 I s Very "%14441 late, dev all his
re" tier to his faaily (he has a wit* and two children), ssldea
attends s.etings, does not dlaplat saq eathusiaas at the prospect
of a now subscription to the lose, armies social obligations ward
therefore woo recorded as a "yassive amber" by the trads-unlos
orcaaisatlon. Direst aati13ovia declarations (c itio of the
Soviet r. is ) were not recOrd+ed,but be liars to destisr froa the
"1 hprop" . (propaganda of teahaie al . knowledge) Aa cage as technical
aa$asiaes, and *boo the Austriaos tiles '"Peter" appeared oa soviet
screens, he'sado the followiaj remark : "fit last we shall be able
to s.. a really good fila"o
but this *core* inforsatLou do* not disappoint tu* op.rajtive
amt-wepresontsbivo o He d.c j4.s to classify lvaaov crith the cat.
gory of "coacealod 80$" ( socially generous eleaents) and to
'"'oriats" the aateriai for his "elaboration". Mehl ring the old pro-
verb, the L VD men say in such oases i "Find the maa$ and you will
fLr4 the ease".
And so a systasatic elaboration begins. Through the secret
taforeirs at Ivaaov' s place of work, a tbaough the "l odgiu4
stet" at his place of living the operative agent-reprsesntative
learns little by little all the deta,Ls of Ivaaov's biograpt , to
becomes acquainted with his chassoter, asauors, habits, his circle
of/ frirsds, his wet of life.
Yoaawtiis the 1fUVD agencies gathered information at his
pisso of birth and his former pies. of resi*s+oe. 8lailar t afor-
matisn was aloe gathered for his wife. It has bees found out that
his father had a wall grocers shop in Oaratov before the revolu~-
tley sad that the father of his wife was "dttulski s.d" ("ras-
lssbsn") la 1930 wA deported to the Zasakhata a steppes for coll..
ai ratios. This inersatiea "lawfaU3" enables the operative agent-
representative to- consider Ivas-ov as 8U (socially danger" $ oleamt
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(1* hiss ? "asasiastJiao spassaly s1esat7), W be h" sanssalod
both his and his wife's in stw. !awe's sri still as conuste news"
"tuns against Ivsnov, but his 'WW" &11y a swells with theme
and other "ia iirst proofa0, as via nsk sills thn. Ah his
rprsses r
ease is sattisient1 r the eperatiTtr WE
tiro gets au ordW for as 0401 MUM of petaatlew s
and suspicious as to his sasaratiaas this Isaaa-t".
At Might a ear stops near. ZVOnOT' a !reuse ... Sleepy sod
tzigbt*ued X waaov, net u"orstan . di" anythi>g, is aroused fros his
bed. A search is cads aaod Irawov is stuen d by box?iZ ring quest-
Iona as "edgers is the ptatol T", *.hsre haw , yob hiddsa
lodow everyth issg, so better confess, it will help y csa ...
The first task of the oporstite agent-representative is to
frighten his vistis .with accusation of so" cost terrific crisis,
and vicious intentions. thus, the "warkiad; up" of the arrsstse
begins with torrsrisins his. his is brorutt to the S.tYh. add is left
till ceasing in the wsttiag-rom Jssatd with the 'ha-Lght take".
ptir snood people, n$t understanding .nytt lag" sit or stand around
Ma. bias he is still sot.sble to sane to his senses, a ass is
the tKTD tw ifors approaohis his and laox ut into seas papers slices
"Iou are citisen so-sad-so?" The flabbsz ested arrester aasmars
"yes" in a sheigr voice and wants to ask wtq he was arrested, but
the ass is the tantfor snafu s "? Liars tells. iadewkdf It teak
04 ? long tine to ss'teir you l ", Ord slaps said .
The log of as screens. give asy msder his. so wants to
she the situation clearr, he waste to saw that ho was arrested by
sistek , but a,ujboy he sislai oas, gives the sass ao saw s
"tsep silent, It is pnbib ted? to speak herel" Is the asrniad ho
is 44111111000004 for r tstratisw, a ssr*fel siarek to made ones core,
Oil his pee.swal boiers slp we takes awq O M .pprewisately at
10 as. he is bssaot to a o~e~srasaw+stied mrLsou eeu..
44! ha is s mpsn ad ty siesta a+sshaticial-, b412 44 per~ is saaaseiit o00ta M everesatso se brass Vpsstisass
ha" yes bow Wso es'trd", 'Wi't also as-e. ~a tLo vss
tgrLt!% MA so am** lira moo"le iastdoo that be has bom jet
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i0*0 ? fall fi 1 eri444-11 s Sad tie gI?jr "In" to "Is salt.. a t a-
" it beoaa XOM that peraeae sura~+osa a-@ stay ass also
eaa'ASoa ts, a+agto..rs, profsaori, asters.. ottioeers of the pad
0II-d paw workers. xe does not psi .any pasties, his La.
$tlat of s wit aiti galls bin that all of thes we "Omni""
*0 have, bees a sted for same re$ crls+ra, but he is trite imam
amt and therefore this uiesrod,rstaedisg will be alsassd attar the
ttlet interview With the investigator. sit, of *our**,, be Iwo to
11hua m Contest with these "esataa of the 0op1060.
Sirs aoso~nd Stage of the prrvioss *`WWkLU4 us"' ulnas plaa.
The arrsstee is left t pesos, and it sass to his that the Ls sr-
?tiSster has forgottss his. dean! ilas. other primmer* am svAso-m
aid to. the is- est. 2h. are brought bash after a lag tine wad
Is a terrific stateo ioiletMes tbej are pushed lute the sell hind
quits unconscious& Tho new prisoner ( in our case - Ivauav) begi,as
to real se that -people_.do not 1*i,1 this plant, but still be nur-
ses the hope that he will be set tree ea soeu an the "atiautt er-
st ". will be cleared. TA the aesatise he listens to sad $x
hopeless tales of other arisoasrs, who haw* beau arrested is the
sate unwWeo ts4 w* y# but still he refuses to believe tom. Gre.
dualu all his surroundinits. arest* a pathological preparedness
for his first interview with the investigator. This preparstorJ
period as y be different as to its duration - froa one aaq up so
alleral Weetcs,depasdirg on the is tioi S of the iavesttgator
isd the number of other oases he has at hands at thet time.
At lost our Ivaaov it saas.a.d to the iaqueet. Is is led
arrask lag '.0rri4oss, ash as the Wad` he rust stand with his teas
two" to ww wall it sae other Priam" meets is halfwa* go
will hear all the tiso the Jiagifag of s lase he, besting
wisest the o}up as the, soldier's belie that is how the wasters
ambit e.s ether tai saothsr arrestrt is being browht slang
the esrsidoa? to sable the warder to twin his prisssu with US
two to as, viii a. as that the prt era asiight sot see essh. ether.
IMt st last he esotass the !'swsiirgstor's sea. A tons" inquest
mss, and its purpose is the asoerisintng of biographical data
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of th prisoaeer sad. Lis social oril tn.
" here were you born, cheer" 4id i ou live &ad *L)rjj, SAO a,.*
your varsuts, youx graudt'stnax aa.: 6r6:w .aotL*r, shot wir cash
ocecupatioZ?" - thebe qu.eaUOAs Loge to be saaw red la detaLls,
day sttsz daj , year after year . Ii ria this ;preliaiaary iaqu?a*
tLe i,zveeestigetor tt:sdles.the pris:aer, tries to uudarsta?d his
ps rcholo -, any: his cfanclusioas sz well es,e t:.c Ij&,Si-etsion, :ruse
by the ;prise rer, will dugamer the bshsvioir of ti:c itivicerati,star.
duria this fixat inquest. veysn Iin. as the& vu sii " us ?itwr
polite and. 4b1itci4g, trea.tla , tier ar.i uutee to ties suit!,, sau+drriaha?
sad oftei?ixeg izin a~~;a~ettea, or wilt iutcck w. th Lim pistol at
the table, swear slid alt a "I'LL k.fll yvu lie e 10i;1"
:t last the for3a1 part of the.inqueut is tiuiaiaed. the
Lnvesti ;sto: aaner to certain coc-elaslous aid he roceeeds to the
"case" to such.
Lis first. c e tior= as to this "buslasse rb vt" 1 s not sl1~-
such e mcan,ce ttiuu it ady Viz; as to the oa?s s
"Your &ttltud.a towsi r d-a U
e< r ov# ?,t i : xee? 'r ?rsi~~r ?s ?elu4a
"1ou have to. tbice iczt sccount, that we w at-ezy ah;~a~, s. Qrou
k &vo to meice as op ea.1 se rte+ coafess ioa, Lice will -rciver your
complete lojslty to the Warty szt1 soviet voyerrwmat. La that cane
we shad not br ice ; 3 au to the trial. Lut 11' . ,you pe z aiat in ca.
Ain r, your guilt, I shall rsz tad you of Us words of 4az1a va.rky i
"rt. the sns`sy doss not surxreadeer, be is e-rusks4".
8y staying this, the op'&rttitee S640-represeatstIvs at ones
shoos the prisoner atse egsneral dirsctlaac- - denounce youtealf is
eeuoh. as possible. But in spit* of this all 7tisoaers uecaally von
that t o are absolutely loyal tad are Woody to sacritie? their
life #Gr the $ovt.t Foyer and their leaders.
At tbl,s sos?at of the iagnest, the investigator cases down
upM the srrieetse With all his stook of iofeX atioa collected
secret iatomao s. Me tells the prLsoasr about his intimate
tris4ds.. he shows that he knows who seed .has paid say visits to
the arsewstI?, he describes tLe 4harsoter of these *rean& sad the
head of relations between thus sand the prisonero be say earns
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T ~ .
d?au * b* tie ooloar of the bait of the iiel with than the ,priso-a?r
had *a effeiyr * 4 to a?y amti" a whit cerise of IA* soot ir-ti-
"to 4*taila of th* prisoaor's lire. but he will not s. a word
about his eats-"*ist irotloas or ar14081 for his iatoraatilea does
not aetiaa smW of such satioa* or a&iaos* hr vo U ssl,y atop U?
911s ? of the oaa* with Us beak. of is band, "V*stlft rinse sad
a sin a "Yob s*o, ie Xnor ?veryt1 isg but as mould like you to
ooafess siaa rill r in all your ?rrore* serpent, dad we shall for"
v* you. But if you doa't pl+ad g+ailty, you mill be *:*aut?d as
64 Lavst*rr t r class +naaJ".
U-ally, at this atads of inquest auob wralou, of the saau-
sation is bxo ht into wetlou *UaAii the ti w o ,rativo agent-?r??.
prosentativ. (rrho is ao. noire; as thv i:~vastiw;ato-r). lavwtad
and repvrod durLxkb L i, prolianln&-y "sisburatioo" of ttt.is asa.
Suoh varsiona sal 0c7ritr"t1uus a 'dat4 vary, a" tss*j may ae *V&M
ot/ .srutestle :Wturu a frog as mtt*ia ~t to &"I &stalia and other
asabors,of the 5ovlelo' O a v--mmeat 9 to are inCwnt.lo to blow up
t 1051 *tD'S. tiff pant QEa~ iit+ r t*pa Itiei ylxaritasy end
tastes of uo is V*Stigator. fa such *&S?* the very brat
bs~lrag with sw*orln, thi"oratqu?n
en eud beating.
But. in wady cases the lavauti for doss not bring ens coax.
areete couaotioa against the -9ric, ei at the brit Inquest, but
fly aouti a *ev z?el nar*a of ko raou*? known to U. prisoarr,
s have been sweated roam time before, am affitaa, tt at Choy
have alres4 ooafes"A ?vsry , *Ii that tba AM knows ?
th+~ Part of the bout
priefter in Moir ariasar, but be done aunt a?ation
the arse ss as dash. Eros tsar to tine he unA puts SO MO lading
q l0*t o*a, pZOvoking the prisoaes to Chose tbs ace?p
aotw-ithae s~- version,
. the astesrs of the *boom f*x'alao, the
V*stl1atse'r leech the iagwat La mush a w4w that the pris?a?r
has t ibprssasio~t that he is ao# Ionaidets by the Lavestigator
to be Us shier culprit, bmt Q0J4 a b,liad teak 1a Us Asa" of
she ma" persona, who have to be brroughs to light with the help
of the psis mw. Ouse um the v
GI V104 the p:riaaerr a else for tbs fttaer f -? it arg&Lgtme
. ps~rsbologie?1 4
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1,L1e the fox* MA sharsstes of this bsrgai11 "V deteirmined by the
Investigator in the sours. of lb. isqubst, 4ap.cdiai as the prtae-
s+ ta-slitios if the prisoner, his ed cation. latellsetuallt 'u s.
't'his first -ands attack . of the Lawstigssa-r Yanally st sass
abets the prisoner oft. tars rails. me is &basod, is has asvor am-
pte'ts4 that aryl the d.tsils of his Personal Was his seq liffr
eyes and eomeetiats, ewo his oft wants 41A thoud-ha are so well
kris to lbs isvestigetoar. $aarly every senses of taw govist Uaiea
`has in his pot wash taste ch b ' h* OGTOtW"Z "A90014 MU the
repriseatativus of the Soviet parer. All these teals from his oar-
plat or that of his pareoata, as iaalg -itiuw't as they say be in
reality, hers, in the Lnv atigator a roan, ***Liss IS his hazm slr
sd brain the meaning of a torribls deathly den" wMassulag
his sad to his family. uah s state of clad IS .zpi$iasd by the
"*osssl" ps?obology of the Soviet Citiso, terrorised by constant
,pwrSes, .heck-upss melt-aritisias ote. sad this factor is f l y
taken Into consideration by the investigator.
Some of the arrestees "oraok' up" i..* area to. sign any
this tggestsd by the investtigatos, elreadyr during the first in,-
quest. but in the most eases the first violeat attack of the in-
wrstigotor does not give any decisive results, .aa the prisoner
keeps on proving his imaceaae. to snag aaaea the Lw..stigator,
sprawling on a chair and smoking one cigarette of ter smother,
for aany hours will repeat his only req.irement i %peskl ". In
the intervals he will knosk at tape table with his pistol, swear,
sh ip with his fast, threaten with tortures and slssutias good
r beat the priaorer, tbaUO it is set always lose Los the course
of taws first iagnest
'!be satin s os of taws first "quest Tray vary troy several
hours to sivsral taws. This dopes" erti rely an lbs investigates.
Lis iotw-tiess, as ehasarslsr or the satirist iillaoted duriiag
the ? "slaboratias", an *5 Voraoias of the "saris.", yr .
pared by the $svsstigitol, Oa lm L presai a created by tt.i arro -
atee, es that pbyaisal ant morel fix~ss of tbs prisoner bLaaell.
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+1'1$x.
3lie meets .that lasted for **Vogul days were osposislly rids-
Ss the pout Of '!04tr&V9k4 L*S IhM tiro look of a ts,ial
*0 had to bs seliostod prsviwsly, a" tke slwiasso of "sasos?
did not. give nay pi1*tb Hiss to the t stigatoss to pus s s
gstsesUo "w.akieg up" of the priaoa ors, aad forced am to try
"su`askiag" the arrsstoss b roans of a ? sinus furious attesa.
Ia the go" Of Oss Of the autLoxs Of this woriy suss is
inquest in the Bptaioi Division Of the dY lasted tear five da s
and a half wihsut s iat"2Vptiaa?
If mob aatbod is sapiiod, after sosu hours of the LLquast,
sham the will of the prisoner is not yet broken but the oz aniaa
already begins to lose capacity of reels" owing to the fatigue
sad nervous strain, the investigator usually loaves with the
words $ "Stand sad think!" here it is necessary to have in view
that drtriag the inquests in the MOD the parisonorS are eery rare-
allowed to sit. Usually the arrest" his to stand all the Use
he is in the investigator's roes. This necessity of standing for
msgy hours and soarstires even for sevgl'al days is. already: a cruel
torture in itself, and nay break the resistsaae even of firs
psoplel but the .chief purpose of this aaasure is to brLag priso-
ners to a halt-consious state when they lose control over their
sawsrs. &osotises ( as in the case with one of the authors of
this book) the prisoner under investigation is driven to such a
state that, being Influenced by the investigator on duty, he be-
gins isaginiaa that the letter helps his and proposse the best
version for his defsooo sad the boat course to adopt in this si-
tuationo but this seasurt. is not ieluded into the category of
"Ohzaioal sessuros for LAtlr Mai a6" and rapre, is the "noraal"
way of the "work" of the ILYD organs. Depriving the prisoner of
food and drink &wL the iaqusat,, or Seeding his with herriage
sot giving ray water eftarsoftec is also considered to be the
veal setbodo to rkkssise this teasers, the investigator Usually
pats a coasts with rotor and a glass is his desk, and mass his.
salt tram tis to has bly pouring aster into the give and be"
agsia Sato the lasts.
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A" Moir ter i$ S$tigatst 1save. IIates& of hia amts opesv?
C N wor sr is a is, risk tlbo is M. dutpr, ors stadeat of stvasaei
soar" of the Bolas, 'eSioel of tbs BIRD lavestias$ors who eea
pttebelsi oa, s#ar with ter prisoner. the ord erlar UV& ass etainter-
VVtS&7 speaks with the pxiaossr, &air~i, as a rule, the most
isrulting laanguage, trying to sillats 04 Outrage his. Ths put.
pose of such s bdhrtisu is to oppr ss soraw sad to tire pihjai-
ca11,p the penis under invastigatiss not giving his a single ai-
nut:e of rest. If the prisoner, swbausted b7 sleelplsassep and
loni iaelusst, t611s asleep while standing, the "TI) ass on dutq
wakes his with a Ise flood of bad lam "We and aaastises bf puma.
ing hise do it goes for a long time. livery six hours the investi.
Wore on duty are ohaagsd while the Man under investigation asst
keep standing and "thinking". N= eaeaphasisiag this measure the
investigator soaetimea draws two lines an the wail near the akoui
dorm of the prisoner or on US floor near his feet, pact prohibits
to swerve from it or to step over this.
At last, on the nest day, the investigator apperar? atgaii.
'Hi has shpt- will a reUt*4, lie is oleo
snly attlit-reca even sprsyod
with can de Cologne# he is quite r-s8Uy to begin him normal worms
dal0 but the Prisoner -ardl,,y stands on his feet by this tine,, The
investigator usually b* ,ins this second bait of a inquest *ith
s violent attack, dewing the prisoner to take a seat en4 write
down his testiaoa7 as he had time snow, to think than over by
n&6ht?AM4 usuall, the investigator adds $ "' han you can go and
sleep". 1 cbarsoteristts detail has to be asationed born :
almost always is the -sgianiag of the first isquist the iavesti-
gatos ed4resses the prisons is the second person of plural k lev -a..
the polite foss is I4ssisn), but later es be replicas this fors
bb 0 ride "tt" (the second person of sisgr lar), and rerrlt- uses
other expressions this "vil laic", "reseal", "gist terai&" et0.
While addressing his vistis. Be retvuas to the polite torn "ri-"
fitly what the. prisoasr agrees to take a seat 4" writs the re-
a fired ti ltiio ?
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-11a-
Ls mob ease the prisoner is always gives' tea with soud-
wiehes,and a pasksgo of cigarettes or of aMW tobacco is put on
the table for his ase. AU irr?stoes *sow about it, sad after ?
cramted cell, aw?sain with buns, this tea with sandwiches and
the possibility of snokiaa asL- tuts into aue& an alluring bait
that cannot be resisted by aany a prisoner.
Mere the investigator spites the tollowirg, very typical
'Psychological trick. 8eforo olosiag the night inquest he cones
down upon the prisoner with. sole horrible and even Isntastie~
accusetioa, as, for instance, the organization of an attempt
upon btalio's life, an attempt of blowing up the plant wwre the
prisoner works or suaet.tdag like that. the prisoner is left for
the night to "think. over" this terrible accusation, that threa-
teus lain With a "Pass into eternity". In the course of the night
the prisoner get* accustoned to the thought of the impending
death and all his asntal ability is directed upon attuning only
cue purpose s to avoid this terrible menacing prospect and at
least to rive his life. if in the biginnia& of the inquest the
prisoner strove to. prove his innocence and wanted to be set free,
he has oAly one wish now to woad ia,,4udi *1 deutI..nu as son
as ;>osoible to put es end to this excruciating inquesto ills feet
are swollen from the loug standing, his brains are inrlaaed sari
he ban almost lost his capacity uadersteniiing.
The investigator ta"s into co aideretion such a state of
the prisoner and abruptly c ages his tactics. ne begins the aur-
ning inquest in, a soothing tone s " both of us lost Our Unger
yesterday. leach of us was tired. Your enemies have slandered you
a lot. But we know that you are not such a bad son. Yverybody-
MW asks as error. is to not want to ruin innocent people, we
want only to know the truth." - The further harangue is of the
sisilar nature but ones with relraalag the prisoner trots the aost
terrible accusation while the prisoner is seasoned to sign sons
'"trifle",. i.e9 the testiaony of a "disloyal attitude towards the
Soviet power", "potty wr sksge" att. Here the investigator adds
With ? pretended 4apatb7 to the fate of the prisoner $ "yiotaiog
particular will threaten you for that. i47 be you will be only
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1'19
forced to spend a couple of years is a sompo 22-so the Soviet pe-
wer will forgive you and you will be free sgaim." After the ser-
rible experience of the last might the prospect of ''going to a
*sap for a couple of years" "see to be almost a blessing to the
wessy prisonr. Many take the bait of the "compassionate" Lmvesti.
Bator and ruin themselves and their relatives sad tattastes?
But if the prisoner is fits eavugh to refuse signing this
''trifle"s the investigator uses floods of bad languag+, and throw-
ing aside all his "compassion" and "ayssthy" applies to the prime-
nor the molt cruel "seasur*s of physical imflusace" in the result
of which the prisoner usually loses his senses. then cold water
is poured on his and he is dregged into the solitary confinement
cell or back to his ordinary cell, or even to the prison bosyits.L,
- dtpeading on the wish of the investigator and on t:ae state of
the prisoner.
?t be sides t 4e "pL.ysical influence" there is also tue fol-
lowing method a;7lch is applies very frequently. meing tired out
with shouting and haVLng, exhausted his stock of curses the lnvestk-
gator declares $ "A11 is finished with you. You are-such on La-
corrigible vermin that there is nothiaf6 else to be done with you
but to shoot you down. That's enoubI"
The prisoner is put into on elevator* he feels at he comes
down somewhere, The ^emories of all his past life pas$before his
mental sight. But suddenly the elevator stops. the door is oj,nsd
and the prisoner sees a long corridor, dim yr lit by electrical
bulbs. Two XJCVD mesa stag by the elevator holding pistols in their
hands. The prisoner is ordered to go a ead. btaggeriugg cllu6144
to the well, he slowly moves and sees the bullet marks on the
corridor walls. The iXYD ass gradually fall behind, he bears their
stepsip echoing hollowly is the stillness of the corridor. iso-.
this is sn a" ...
But no shots are fired. The prisoner reeones the end of the
corridor. AS'ein he is put into !a elevsl1or sled brought before the
investigator who meets his with the wosds $ "cell, have you seen?
I was sorry for you and thought you night repent. Tau have wife
and children, then think it over once sores No don't stand upon
seremomy with the eaaemiss of the peoples one, two add ready 1"
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120 -
Ag&1 the hOmld ase>watioa of terroriat, aft sstivltdeso
iivesvion ateo appesrs ea< the s^ s, tmsln tkis investigator aials
has *Pit7''O ou the prisoner, aAd Foss WW to situ some "trifle"
wbiah wi11 east his Delp tiro-thro* yours in the cap. Ysristieas
and tones of the methods used by the investlaa-tor as be different,
but the argusentatios is a*Srly always the sane $ "aiip this
'trifle' and the ascusatim of t*rrarrias and diveraiaa will be
taken off, as you will show that you sincerely repent in your er-
rors". At, lest the worst-out ran sips this "'tribe" and is seat
to eons eoacentrstioa' *amp for 5-10 years.
however, the investigator rarely .c ieves is purpose in the
course of the first Inquest though it may last for several days.
An opinion Is *ida-spread abroad that the $ KYL` investigators can
nodal anything out of the prisoners as if they were soft Graz.
Web an opinion ese created after the "big processes" of 1936-3d
but it is .quite a wrong one.
.,t These big processes ere a4lled "sno* trials" or "deroastre-
tine trials" in the U4a.4. but in reality they do a*% demonstrate
s -thitl. Only such "enemies of the people" *to `'crsoked. up",
capitulated sad agreed to be ,partners of Krylenco and Visrains y
appear on the platfox* of the Coluan hall of the stereos Union
House. .tut all those who bsve soura*eouely endured moral and phy-
sical tortures simply got a bullet into the rapes of their necks
sad this is done without any pomposity. It is sufficient to men-
tion only the soot popular naves of those who perietLed without
this comedy of an opeu trial - the ne.ies of` AcxatjaIt tu"act.eY-
siy , 1egoro?, Alucher, AM eer,-erals J4ork, Uborevian, xakis, 1d.
alsrsis P 4srshansIq' sat Or"% slat ssers of the gefarwmt cps
Mslers of the Oentlpl reatq- O eaittee sad tyre of the Politburo
ss Badatak, tossior l 010etpshsv sad others, prominent diplomats
as l[arakhan and saskolnikov, aM that is acre is ortai-t - let us
recollect millions of courageous kussian3 can *boas names and
abase very ezistese re?ainad vatotLo*6 *jr the forsiss eorr*spas-
dents, .agar : only to find a sensation - ailiions of patriots
and anti-aomwinists, tortured sad ez*outad IA the secret SLID
pawns, killed as they could not be curbed or broken.
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fte &owe of g a f1M.Or sod t~alfskin, TrukkiA a"
Mosndro-y who most rmuted is 19% with it sitossaes, any serve
ss $ .jabol of ali^ isAuaorste grey of fighters for tz..dos
who ec nquered the horrors of the AM systea.
thus, this aonatrouaa sistve of roral and phrsioal violesee
is not always the vianerb More often it is.soagusret by the human
spirit, strong in its bete of all evil, in its lore of the soot,
i. t. by those tuslities of the people which t Cerauai as we. va-
ebl? to chow in the long thirty fears of its complete mastery
over bodies. but not the souls of the kussian peoplo.
The unsaown victims of &talin'a dictatorship lead their
hero oil struggle against their tormentors for long noaths, them
they are denied all human rights and though they are folly aware
of the flat that this struggle leads only to their death. Ulna,
lose their streagth and tininess in this equal struggle, nip
everything they are requested to, and even turn into obedient
agents of their torwentors..ilut still greater nuabor of Mission
peopleZestsia firs to the vary and in spite of all indescribable
physical and moral. tortures.
The procedure of a gradual intluonoe of _t ie NiiYD inv+satiga-
tor upon the prisoner's siad, as aescribed above, is Jdten syun
out for *any months and even years. It happens very often that
one and the sale investigator is in ohargo of several doyens of
cases, and as a result of this persons under iavesti, atioa are
w 14, It
called out by his for the inquest once in a awes. In 1937-38 it
was not infrequent that people were suanoned to the first inquest.
only after 4-5 months of igprisooaent, and than they were again
forgotten for several months. There were also oases when persons
arrested in the very height of "Yeshovshohiaa", i.e. in winter
of 1937-38, had not been called for the inquest until Yeshov his-
self was dismissed by the, said of the year 1938, and then they were
set e, "for look of the body of the orisr". These people never
l a n why they had been arrest" and %bq they had. to spend a
Year in prison. But all these eases have to be considered as o:-
ceptions &W they cannot be ohaxaeteristie for the usual ^ethods
of the inquest in the NOD prisons.
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- 122 .0
1* order to urnderstood the motions of the investigator and.
of the prisoner in such caul when the inwstigstion is not li-
sited only by the tint Violent inquest but is spun out for a
long period of tise, it is necessary to take into considerrtioa
the ataospbere of the M prison call. In- the period of treat
repressions 23-30 persona wrot=e crossed into norael cells, deej?pn,-
ed for four persons. Seople could nit only by turns,, mud for the
night large wooden shields were brought into the cells, and put
on the plink-beds across Us abole cell. thus the whole space of
the Cell was divided. into two or three stor eia the height of which
did not exceed one Meter. 800 and wen more prisoners weie placed
on theae stori6a, so that they *or* iyiag ti fitly pi esaed to each
other toad filling almost the wtwlo of thb oubature of the Cell
with their bodies. Those who bad to lie on the floor under the
plank-beds and the first row of shields were in the worst ,~ositiv~-.
in the Moscow prisons these places sere called "subwa '.
Horrid .filth, attach frees the ulose-stool, lice, bugs sears
Lag in .plank-beds and in the shields, aa,-lmyou ibilLty of wasL.iua,
shav or c Arabi
og, a tbi.t soup called "balat:da" with a yiece of
bread for dinner cad supper, eooplet e l sc+c Of news frov outside
end the arlonisiag incertitude about the fete of tl1ft relatives and
intimates, shrieks of tortured Mon, aoan.e of those who have cone
back from an inquest, the eight calls "without things" for ese.
cution and deafening roar of automobile motors that h& to muffle
the sound of shots in the cellars - all this created such an at.
moaphere La the cells, in comparison to which even the worst ooa-
oeatration cap seined lice a rest have.
In such eooditiostis the investigator hat only to create in
the slat of the prisoner a cortitute that he won't be released
under MAY cirsuastanoea sod that death is. lurrdng for his. Mash
a state of mint iii sahievwt,int ow, result of the sost terrible
and even . aatastis aoeusatioabaatd by means of brutal bestiags
and tortures during the first "guests. Then, for some ties, the
prisoner is left in pesee. As it is prohibited to speafc in a loud
voice in the cells, the prisoners talk in a low whisper with ea"
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.W 123 .0
other for tern w? t c"
days, and gradually losing tiers *ease of leas,
tell their stories and ask for advice as to their behaviour at
future inquests, though each prisoner is aware of the fact that
two-three secret agents are normally preseat saoug the prisoner*
of the cell. However, each arseatee tells his fellow-prisoners
044 a Part of the truth .. the tear of t.e investigator is too
strong. Therefore, of course, it is imposribie to up*" about
any co-ordinated actions of the iasates of one and the-same cell
each of them takes tie ova risk and oats accordiag to his own
plan. the inveterate habit of soviet i-.ople to bids their inner-.
most. "i" from the eyes of the st.rarers is preserved even in the
hell of a .,NYVb cell. The anal] sir of the c:>nditious is the fiLV1)
prisons iv not tlio ~,'. rposs of U16 *UI AI Out ee .rt obi ib.i to
dwell on tl wr following t+eo Points that are of decisive value t
7. :+ucL coaditlo::s z:uve been crecito.a ic% tt. NA'V&' prisons,
in comparison to which $iL punitive raeaaure lmiti: tie 4,c14 ao-
7cept,ioa _ot'. s 'eftt .r.el y) , e~wc+ t,) the ;r'leok,ora. a t'ecilf~ta-
ti.tnu of their fate..
2. Collective del: uetketLoas, riots, i,u~. ,er- ;trikea etc.
take >1ace in the prisons of other countries, .Hilts in the ;iKVL
prison, as a rule, a duel betweun the iuveotigetor and the pri-
soner is gains can.
Though the circu:astances of eac-- separatecase may greatly
vary, V. is possible to state three esaeutial lines in the beha-
viour of the prisoners, t4d Consequently all political priaoners
of the NXVD are divided into three main aateLu sea.
The first category embraces those p.raoas who rai,ldly lose
their moral and ph 'sical otreagth, strike a bartain with the in-
vs `i"gator, "Crook up" i.e* sign everything s ? wo su...ested
to ty the investigator, and in the most cases perish or consent
to beecoae XKVD ageats.
The second category consists of };persons who are strong auo
to bear F11 tortures of the inquest ?e well er iuhurasn conditions
of their iisprisonment, admitting none of the points of the accu-
sation, brought against them by the ifltestigator. Many of thorn
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perish moult of false t*atimoaaiss of alrsis other prisoners
?r frLaada, oollsagss aM tslhow-workers who have not boon arrest-
but borrorissd to bear wit"" .Baiast this. hoverer, a certain
number of such pri"nors are lucky enou&. to be released %0"Uso
of the lack of the bodq of the crime" after sat sgntK of ishu.'
man tortures and at the cost of. a colossal strain ' heir pbysi?
sal moral atrecgth. 176081 ],p $hea- drew this fortunate lot I&
such instances when the Kremlin dooides, for certain. reasoaa, to
reooaider the cases of the prisoners.
The third category is the most numerous and most sharer
etristis one for the Soviet sanditions, though suati a satsgos7
cannot be found among the prisoners of any other couaztrxas. it
consists of peraoas who rather qu s .ly cots to the conclusion
that they won't be his to snatch ~~,~_`~~ t tta-i SLVL clutchese and
therefore these people load their atxujls with the investigator
not for their free%:om, but for oppl4i1t to their cases such a
clause of the cricatnal c040 in the indictment Which soma to that
to be the most farrauarablo one. Ws is approximately ttie use
course of action, adopted by the advocates of other oountriss
when they see the impossibility of gaining a la*suit for their
client. h`tt here is a pri;n*4pal difference : the defenders of ob-
viously hopeless cases concentrate their efforts on, the ezteat-
iog circumstaaaes in so far as the feat of the trims is beyond
any doubt. The b4vist prisoners of the Third category have thss
selves invented for their "assets" amain crinea that re never
bow committed tip. ss, and direst all their phsataay and aental
ability to bring the eaar.cteris and circumstances of these
%rinea" in c ntoseamse with certain clauses of the arisioel code
that sq threaten teem wonlyr with deportation toy; a soucaatrar..
Stan sa".
The tactics of this es'i el "deteise" of the 11M prisamrars
is appxoztutsly the followis. $
ilflaoertaia stags of the investigation the prison" clearly
soaps that he won't be rs#leeasd, that his sonvistios has his do-
sided beforehand by the iaveatigater and his avpsriarse me alma-
stpD ors is th sail and tortures during the inquests drsdmally
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Lessiae his will for oboe gle. 0r the other hsa the abaarbttj
of the investigator's version of h1a "eriat" is also obvious to
his Lr all its details. Rim brain is D-- and strenuously
king- in the effort of sMing this version line the truth, but
at the sa"O tine talon care that the puaisbaaat does not ezcee!
''dsportatioa to the coup for 2-3 yOass". Usualty this war is she-'
sea by persons who have been arrested by the orjsss of the Aces*-
*is Administration of the U VD and charged with "diversion",, "eee-
nodaia spying" and "wreckage".
arrestses begin Consulting their tallow-)riaonsrs. In ever7
cell there ere always several "sped lists" ?a to the riaiasl
Coda, wbv .low by heart the coat fr#qusutly used cleaves of the
;soviet Criminal. Code and punitiv* .aessuros luvolvea by taea. The
prisoner chosen a clause *bioh some tc- rila- to be thw moat Suitar-
ble one, sad starts eorkind, on the details of his "arise" as wall
as on the general plan of his "coatessicw". #.aea suct+ a plan is
* 4e out-. the prisoasr coa-es u, to: the Judas in to door of his
cell ono *axe the warder to Live his u fatwrvLs vitL the iawsti-
gator for "giving t utiauny". :. Cb cA iat6rv1uW 16, aozAo .ly giv*l
without wcy celeyo bola urougt.t terra tl,b :.ntiebtidatur as de-
calarrs that he has "reaLiseu his are ors"kua vaatae to ";is . an
open-besrted confession" and t erefore &"a Lox sons Luk, pea
azid the files of his case.
Lzovtag received all tt-is, the prii:uunl, Lu- tau 14e6snae of
ettitute
the .nveetigctor, begins working at his uau case. he
of the iaveati*tor is iaasdistsll ctas ;ea into tL-e sout eyapa-
thetiaone and the prisoner iavaliably arts tea alto sanawiahaes
and cigarettes or tobacco. the investigator has by that time ful-
ly realised all the dtscarepencisa a 4 eve absurdities of his
version of the accusatiea, and to g1adl accepts the prisoner's
so-upet'atica. NO is iaberestea neither La the essential part of
the '"ease" as such nos La the ,p?aiti? measure, but oily in the
suitable '%k0Uftti g'or "fs 'it" of the notice WAWA he has to
epa a for the sissies of the "troika" OX ftbpocial Cot"U ".
The s ens of the i vostigator's abuses, blebs and tortures
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Iii
sire ins stis%ely aboppet at this stns, and Ike isvestisEs r puts
e, a ayapatlii even icosi.,t-u^rs~tred assert.
TUG V07 is usually chess b7 inte1100ft S Duo spesaialists.
As soca as the prisoner has started writing his '"goredos"', he be-
0050$ the tespersr7 asater of tie silaiatloa. Is auab eases he
aeor3cs Without hurrl-istsi, twia$ ft prslosg his "'lesvew tares the
sell and enjoy osj;~srstively human aooditims. There are oases
when prisoners work at their "`t.stisaales" for a reek or even
sore, and they cospile a realysoiantifie work, ' isr bii*4 sitA foswA-
lsus and salouletioas. Th-o iavosti for does not hastao Ala, and
only attentively wsttes over the prisoner to j-,reven% his tree
trying to prove Yale complete 1lnoceaCe ? As 1oa6 be tie *ooAteosos*
stud does rut rebut directly tie vsroiou of the Lavistigator - the
latter will not iat Buda.
btorting this satrage sad uaastural "co-operation" with the
Investigator, the prisoner se.y pursue different objects, but in
the a$lority of cases he strives to f$cilitete his tote or that
of his fishily. Uuder the u3st .fevoursbie circusst cos such a
"detailed eoateseioa" any lead to 'ale appointment of $ commission
for revising his case. But m acb score freruently the prisoner *goes"
to a aszp for severasl years and all his tnvantivtnesa serves Daly
for soitigatiag his fate to s certain extent s4' soaowhat shorten-
ing his prison tees. We strs+ a worm of prisoners for inventing
the crises they have never *omitted shoos in the olearest way
how desperate and hopeless the people feel In the $LVM prisons.
Is tact, it is the sane principle of the mist "salt-sritieias"
but sr tLAL to absurdity in Prison.
teesetla+ae the slob to escape Eros the lousy and stinking
toll and to ie to the siaantratias cap saquir" the shexass ter
of * reel palyohotis. isa and weary people betin- to point in
the bri*test solsssrs the pLatures of the Siberian taiga (vast
termst) sad : of rivers absmdini In. water and snextioi wits! fish.
IMW ea discuss for hours sad With ir-e psrliolpatioA of ail ism
sots of as osli0 hour flag' Will fell taws, baud their berrsreks
I& th desolate tales, here thq will ie a-tits and cook a
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..127 'm
tisb-soup. In their ins instioa the 'serr eti..1 came" of the
KL VD turns into the sliaau of the baara well-bar i ot, $A in arisr
to r_ achieve their daporatstio an soaa ?s possible, people compile
the v-30-lions of the crimes, n*vir c+oasitt.d by tea but r*quir"
by the investigator. Mich psyohoossi vets profitable for the in-
Vesti ;ator, are soaaetises provoMd by rein ho ugh his agents in
the cell. A lot of people under investi6stions eespieia114 tamer
soldidrs sad officers of the i4d Ar*y, try to be depar tact to a
csag as anon ss possible, wLLIs th,eey are satin heelt4 &ad strong
iA ordoi to use frog taxi. Jca this scovuut there is even a reps--
aia'al se'is,r, La the prisons s "I 6o to the oaap, - to t,.ae treta
pr aocutor.. ~," -
YUex~o are oleo cases Hsu tae prisoners try to cock quits
consciously et their lgaorant 1uvorbtidatoZ5. ' : , for luatt:*nce,
in 1937, an iavcate at' he .iJ- VL prison Lavejarod with all vstails
a story how be luteaded to scat several ships of t4s black, "o
4 ovy, iu :.r_savix?, 311t: the 1;ave t1 fitc,r put c AU *IL wits momeause.
note loon: Alft'vi.r 1 ;ltiasit.u 3 4 uilsea * a f'zv.a i.i,a lac,t
** 00111.t. oz tjAo 'asAtr 146y Le u+aw VvLfst a orrice. *&3 played
on him by tLs pris aer, ar, ,Quad tt+irr ;;rtscaluex? to his roan sad
.beset hiss so tr:mt he *as soars dead than alive. Aaaot sr "partiolps-
tor of an t rated revolt on the o, er mo l Ksk" ai ne a a is a timoa jr
that tae, beir t u c1a1ef of the auto-re;,,sirin,, oho,, of the gi%J
(.s in*-trraator stattotn), int.Yidad to A" e tacaAs Out ill the traa-
tors "Eordsoa" sad ersoureU cars out of toe auto-eis$erus is or-
der to secure the macess fox this "revolt*. Aktt sore often tiers
are oases w2i wesrj sad dtsperate pxisomers - this is so*tly the
sass with slaost alliterate peasants a s workers - ask the investi-
gator to -'rite dam evestlj what he wants and fiends better for than
and thus sign th.saelves their death secatences.
It Le absolutely ispossible to giv? a detailed oralsis
of ail sethDdi of the inquest aM Lnr*@ stion of the JXVL . Gs
is a abort chapter of this book. Suck an &Dalysii flint be a tame
t0" a special work.
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In
al+rsriaa~ ti a eiaptsr it is *so *S*O SSX to post me titiet
tis~t weepao st a tt D lnvsr~ is aeitlias ' astsrisl
Hirsh * hsatl O#U"ts* by kith iaslai the 'alalrotat a at ins
OU q lksos am UO pb7Sissl ra s+tr st ,tut ibis atr-
st %low" Mss sM>tA ipiete is"sssessr ii&M aowieps
O"O7 priasss dais the way tiwst at of ode a s?st, swd is
*Jah he has bus prepssed by an his Preview life is this 'Iass"-
>a>aw eetctst swrs+saeMlia$$. It m met be an ss'siis it N sp
ti~iat trris~e sisesphare Of thi? N*oasal" McTlet Its ditto" t the
s sphere of as MUD pd s0s o04 by s e,oe,serlpretias- and .s*twsas
of the near"** of ea tosswss-t as here aid there the *evtst COLO.
Sa bas w psrsOmal tteedalm MA OU his jr*" is is the hands
of US authorities In Vows.
The work with the witnesses is of a such stapler nature.
The investigator roods to the WARAOM4 W11Mss a fallse testis?oa
Taos-* the latter wlws a doss breast et ever>l-
af the priwr,
hi,oi. If the witness does sot seat to sN *W%hlni that aq be
of snj bars to the prisaoer, the investigator dealsres I "'sell,
as he is, sues s rare dwgerous one, for ha
you ere suah $a owa.
has aoafeised sad repute Opeaboaarted1J for waist he La.s dons while
want , to so.eil every'th n frOS usN.
,vm A.iias been mummoma to t1 o UYD, the witness oannot leave
the premises witriout the st$astor+ of the juvostigstos on his
psis. the investigator suggests to the susses to so out into $
aorriftr and think those, while a soldier bids his to stack with
his Lase turssd to the wall, and he asj be kept is such a positios-
for aaey- hours aoexasdls4 to isbe investigator's ornar. As ? result
p*rsens of weak sharsotar Gigs everythios given to the bjr the
investisstor, oasts sioas to leave this darsat building.
The foaeivars *tow ask $ what. toes lbs wsviet ooveanrn*
pest wsk a iet at Peep" lrsc, espssia117 a "*I are obviossl7
Ott fte * gal ans5S is that it is a4easairy for the rats"
teat et the S=W of the prisaar" who we eau 'tng out the
crest ditfienlt wosk witosl betas pea* 004 this "saver doss slot
SLV as eadtsusttw erplsr-atias of the pr.blwr as WW ulrsle popu-
&out* of the io vast tosses sizes4 wor** for thu State, too* pss"a
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A003100010005-3
a" go" stta sbios wave tisir labs *. M1t t ON of a ?iatro
is 61 "Ws lo?r. protastiw tboa that of a ft" 0141114 etas it hires
ftvodOs is as sa it is is the riovist mates. Therefor,
is abo qu?stioa wide be aoro oomst If we prt as, sort *N W"
issued of "'ll&ot f+os", used "Lat.
Ties us smarsr will be as tollswia$ s bosai?s being strait
of ww people's bet L tabs Soviet goverasast stesfsd a witsr-
ai/liomod am of Jailors, who have- to arrest, torture aid "psrt
aillift? of people is prior to J* titp tbsir sacistasss, sad W
?sa?e there i? se sr as 18 the SOViet Usia that se111t atop a a
sex tail Unit the si a s1, reoeivrt trsa the soator, tot UVLida s
tint or rgi* " that or mother army of the 'iet pop e.Lsti".
Tus the we11-bawva tb.ar7 of the snow-dell is brousbt late fits.
a. dictatorship of the aomauatat Dac7 sasxrot exist wit boas the
*my of ai7D-UaD butabors, araa this u rstuire? sillies of V1400
tins to js~sitlty its szistaoso. We is a visa is circle from nisi
them" is no other sssaps but the ealdos sway of both the distatror-
ship ?ad the butshsrs is its servisi.
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A003100010005-3
so . 130 ..
CiiAO.M VII
"lr ILL ms? 8T kI,I L
. MR
2L I-I",
E LQU- 9
rho task of this division is to protect btalln and other
top raaktni lasdera of the 'arty agate Govrsrri+aseat, as t4s 4taliniet
ulih )x is offioially nosin.t.d.
The tot LiTisioa is peiticulsrlp coaaerued .ith the protoa-
.tion of s UtaliA, all meabers and caadidetea of the Politburo,
secretaries of the Ceatral Party Cosaittes, meabere ' and caadidatss
of the )r?bta1'o, the ctairmea and swab a. o.rs of tsae Com iissiou
fox' Party Control, nil Pica-Ctiairaet, of the ? ov;:ia3 oat ( now -
c Qtuwo it Of U iuist+ars) or "o <u son* f tupl e' s C osasi ssars
(now Ainisters) as well as a series of the riict,rsst uff iciaA, ac-
cording to a. list approved by Stalin hL .1f.
The nost im,?aortaAt objects, ,ueraod by tag 1st JJkvision,
are I
p) tide Y.r?milla
? the building or t -e Cvutral Coa=itte, Of t.tra t- au t,y,
c) the building of the vusrxoa is t ot,ay aisd in Aoscosrt
d) the buildi, s of the party Control Cossaission, of tLe
xsecutive Cvavittee of the Corainten, tLat of the Cent-.
ral Coasitts? of Kaascm ola and a series of uuerss
a) the building of the 1(LYA Ui Auseoa, &sershiusky
Square, House So 26
!) atslia's country-Louses
S) Country--houses of all 'he Ysiitburo agabers and other
psrsaas under protsstiora of the lot Division,
h) the road from the -Kremlin to the sountra--h&..s of the
above Mentioned ?ersans J
i) Qoveraaent villas is the Causaus and the Criss.
Gavok"Ment trains, aaroplasaea, cars, yachts and other
transport means.
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100010005-3
!;1
See 1"S 243s O W0004 _ -a 1 Y1S1*& i -
%*1,f all plats, visited 1 MI" "d MA -610400
s we" SS ,&U xo 4?s, shoss8 US !hats tools.. l+sr isstiaxss,
lit Dtvisian I usr s toss gs sssat D"ss 16 the roasoe ,art
is the Sol&oi awd ,y 1 tsrs, the dv11! t 1sasUsl ?*to%*
? most ov its.
now ft* atrtstlj- spoalfis ta" at Ike 1 it DSvisiom ta,f i
r~fiss a ed is its 'bola atxuctnra ( sew mao so 11), jullim a
other ors*as of tW ti C6 4mm ) t 161 L+ilrlsios use zoo cars -
ficatioas 5o14 0osaa.s-r4s, s t it exists ouly SA %a* eisLrsl a
perstu.s or the uiJ , as its eats object is %be rftlos sf tue
of + oecom.
The 1st JivLsioa is closely s tod is ali its wore.
Us, ."mod Spent ial D Maisie., fay oi.iir ri i lts "L td" brouOU,
th* capitals of the Union koputiics aau rsg,Ao si c+hcaters e
tusrctio. s at U ."a 1st LiVistOs as to the protoctios of local y .t,y
las'aers (sncz.tsries at rehioasl sa.d area coma aitt.sa), io o v x to
tbs i)md :.peCisi ?+ivisioas of U e mares -2lud ~w1 ada.a.l.t~t
ti:,as id tLe. er cities, iLowervtr, %ban Etsliu- aoo QtusZ -tod ow
leaders visit tsaeae alb's, they are bu.ard.d on %MOIL *0 ""4,A-
rind thsir sts, 'tare a:. th - let L rt~+e as,~ tba the l a t c ex ass'
tie slr.ady ?xisttA$ bri,isdes sat a,roups of t4.e da4 .a;~ae.-si i-
vision of ties luesl Ai to a4iaiatrstioas for thy eatenior
vatiou, rssut.tic* of trs*fis aM other rye's.
Aphea , olotoV, t7sais.t7 Oki other botiot "leaiers" k,0 &U.)ra
they sa-e sccospsa.Leed b s, 'postal roi.atorsod baitede of tip A Va o
moo on the staff of the lot Dirrisiaa. IV* of tIsso mm js as t a.t-
oas arocospsol the losdor Meyer U* (60006 without 1*&Vi"4
stoma. They lima wear witfosss or pia#s clot ms. iii i. Lss, io
Wore the "l *040V'* lams for a 'su'tra eouutrf,, s sy c i k1 bri-
604o of the lit Livisioa Ls soot thus tUMA611Y ceder U40 rsteuae
Of s arissef tsehdicsl works" of the iroti.t doled*tle"Oe
bed entrusted with the tank of securing protoetive ees . es is
local eaadltto*s. Aart*$ is wbeala stq of the leader ,e ,*,
all the serving ,pssmmatl saatists of this lot Di vis too sen. aio,
for Can'to', "clad they! diplesst is jmxav of Molotov to
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100010005-3
79 t o ills Sri of 1 M was ild to a s
li*stta of
wMa"s ?t as u* Ii , ae#d ibitil.t- belt,
tot astlas sew IWO was Ahm fish i
""ties of o; rltesa boar aos tM t` actor ?t y a~sia's
me 4 of ItsUs Smoot is isatti~- oiaihle
posttt of 8taus q tr ha test %sift torrrisa mat Of
oro tatiaaatiMy attar it .Sail he o+saSSX taw tars I" SiKai+ W is
01 the 0=1"ite shirt fait rangtift s rsz tt that bas to #0
aitm Scalia' a rettte, 1.10 the $aazttx of all zeais, r.il
atattioaa ps `ts, streets that Its- is tlrr btaltn's Way-, &MA o
6ovrraatasont of ao aowr will set** to WAS& a rssn='.
'o
. a
or,
Last 30 Tsars stslia toxata1jt creases the axles of tie &b.
Viet Uniiss o*J twice s in 1ovoub?r 1#430 doiast to febaarsq, a #,
U ? &.sl 194), ls. vial for i to 4 . *t in both Casio ha ;,r tt,-
aallq moved is tha ration., oceypioU by the l vi.t troops, arm
thtr.tozt there Was tt it post bilitlf tits tine lit L j.1-1ajso to aat?t - ae oor4iaas, to cps staelct.4 set sv-les.
Sttt eves La 4"k asaadittiasts, yrecoutiaoat of quite asses ,o.,
ail fstus^s ?sa tsj in TObA M, a" yotstlas. I ft the first es
up to three thooaasas SUb ass on staff of the 1st yirisiou
"
a
. 4 rciatl &.ctor of the Csotrtii Costsittee of tb? Ali-"L" Casu.
staaat Iurtar sa Sail as a baltallM of tsaopr, gusgQtaa6 the a-roaariia~.
arrived is Teberaao e Qosfsrsws aith Chureb5ll aaa Ao;,sswll
took p1 ess IA Us praaises of the & Mist eabsssJ, ead La its s:wrse
italic left the 1PALIAii9 ott4 tole. $ tot the first tiao to i
a2ti+tial eaii? I. shit "d chunI iU, sod !tom tie assess
is attest %h* saleba.feft of C rshlh's birtbaajr.
Is Potsdam la iahshitests Were eat ea gran au Wild"ga
its the stssta adjeiaetiaa4 the sass, abes's, tbs. eeat reasaf toot ,p ,arse.
aM Us &* or" was ^IpsisM kv tars i toaaLfiet aetas 4
of
I Was " *i ..mss 8" lot Diirialtlttt. 111 $A* .st tsoa ew
Vateldw v a iNss~ied let the sm "so"# a" ,tads orriv+sd
t4 fly lsati ss,Lia a4j40.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100010005-3
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100010005-3
lit D11ia #Ai t!'ir aslllt is $ "
~ttit;es !! a stta~p~ Liss lifi is is $ 191$, bat it. t
ai sties l sst-s ess nit sa~p1 bM dnsIa i*"s woo it s
possibtt to assre that lilt gars thaws *ttso, sad nit AOMMU,
paid airs atwntiss to as drlt"slopisst >Att *ia It
etaq- rata took tar is zi1it? as th tests IMtst reawwl r boa
'Lm" to Us lhtssLM tags, sad htat osa b4` ft* L*bi odes s ; ssis1
bod7-s asrd for hiaseL 0" tthss SOV1at 11661MWsa !"iris
was the iaitiel eta. of tlit tat D11tisuM,, it is dittis t is &oft
aiss Lch 96" r.Iros plafsd by -ts13a IA Abe orsstiaa of this sps.
eifis ors" in that earl.- paried of bs itoltet power, bat it is
sharestsristto that duria the difaass of Taarits n (8sa Li adl
is au*uan 1918, its1in d hiaseis tw a ds-tschssat of &oft
huts sad 'trader no eiratra,sta4alas pasted aiti- this spwsial bod +-
guozd.
La ttb? pexio+d Me 1 St Divt?siOU >i'aa. J eiaed with 2ad
u ,rosisL v ,l sicrt suds aacoruift to soaa iai`orsatisa, it was &jssw
th lit. ? +Iubdirisioa of teas 2o4 apseial Diwisioa, tboudb $a
funatio" w+rse w eta, apes ialtssd. Ja the other home* tba sw ersi
stivaturs of the JIM &" the aauaez'atioa of its aaia4 diwisia
mitt sd ainistratiss ask* as suppsae that the let sreelal 1 ivia? tas4
tUO 2zu"t ,,+rsial 1 ivisiat a" the lot Livisiap eosatitsttsd t+r 3j
a ss::sral lot ailriaia4 which was divided later Leta three AVA
siuss iA ovaaes tiro with tae so+spiis?tiss sad speaialisstdon rNr - I. lbs muaoe
otaiiaa or my Ohm leis 3riilm" some m to ;gyp #s MW gp4sat
s11 10041 .t? 09 ft* s1" b M #s ta1l1LI
40, with .b.st,-1io w3N all ors of US "a was 44 1
( ,
s#at~t of 1 si Airf lw# 01 Mi it t 2 aS4 :
did
t 'obi l
~- ' is the pettlias N - sili giro pi -t S -M s
13~-1`i.t~t his it. ~i1 a owt" mepa"s or tS i s .' .ter of as
1st L-i isiaa IS . bo,d3a #Iri. boa to la 4Ai4f of tht
dir+~atlj #a iho W-gla ? awe of ~-#etacios tosr+s (aw+r la
t.e Ainistas of note &MMAIN or disos"j to LstratW ios"11-; .
"Corti" to the tsf'a as c6110eto4 by tt * 'a"*ss
Lie vext* t 4 et 4visia4, i sla U M ta fsU. is z*tts
a) first ve aestil al
".it aastie+tf
a) 1eraau"l + t Los t
d) i istratiaa WA iatoraetiua soatiaa
) Cbi4t of the bO 7$mas+tt
?
y o~ssn4 of the larnlim gush with the lot Ce sssi4ssrr? s
oZ ias of tbs 1rn13a Cuasd oM the isrd _dlirisies Mb*Nkft
ii Lst+ed to tas l
C Sr of t gwrd of objects with the had c00406-
d&atb offie4 subordioat0d to him;
4 Tr~wepoZ s.sti $
i) t2re Lssallo 3j 4*p nt t
k) lb0 1114 assU aS (ss# al-#4 isri Fsodsisa) i
1) ri~ais#rotl sod asllit#~-4w. sosti4a.
Psobebly3 the" W. *RNPMXP it oulti !-oiewo Of this diViat ,
Wt OMS16sb a& err U##1 4&-U# ot64r hams it is gaits VOasiblo
test seas of to aaatiOMd + have bogs Joia t04ttaas. Us
wauwsl taer+ro7 is tl r $t%*~ uri of tbs 1st L'14-
aion sale v.17 aitfi#sl# f4w motion of bran and tug
eatrnt a4o+or~has#us of ItS aAtiaaa wd r bftite a llti$ rst as
tko oWoct of itirt .2 s ?
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100010005-3
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100010005-3
Probeb3,7 We field or oporst,ioss mad Uw 4W waster, of t
astiVt7 of Wiese ao@$iooS if VW lot bitristos are as toi.low. $
'I11 ( X37 $*Vossl of thane),* floss tiwe
wilt of ibs spacial opsrstilrs snuff s-bos8isatsd to the 1st 1itj.
sins. The ,amber of persons, s titutiar t,4sss groups as aster
as wall as the tasks, carried out 4ir %bas.
or ezawpls, at" rttss+Is nabs thsatew yer:-tossao+se is dos-
40 W . several operative ;sowwa of as lot Livisies will be swot to
'mss greater durift Stalin's stp thsrs is ozdar to sis*r.
..fits.
If Stalin or soseass of his *Iosest collaborators ( the
called "aos.uclature workers*) leave ioseos, tkwlW e protested
during their Jouxwaey 'bl oparstitrs iroupa, spicisiltr forsed fW
this p Trose. These groups do not include the poxasaal body
of ?boh "l a ad er", which Is liras ti iubordtiaotsd to the c a maAer
of the badyeurrd.
neesides these essaatial tsascs the peze0ousl of the opaxsttls
troupe Sakes arrests cs r Lac out the ord*a of tape 1st i-ivisien'
grad seaercheee the quertera of yu sobs, "ei xbora teaf? by this thee..
sioa. Besides all ttcis, the operative groups Tarty Barry out other
o_:erstive te"s Ouch are the eor *ru of tun lot Luria ian.1
sugst; si, am. Is carryixhg on inquests sad inquiries of
p.rsous, arrested by the tat DIVIsioa. it &&a to be awwttO ad.
here tb&t the whole work of the 1st ::ivisiou is carrisd on in
close contact with the prioa%e secretariat of atsi iA sad with the
mpecisl Sector of the Central 1art1- Cosaeittee, sore pro..
cisol,lr With the. sa-salted ' itslia'e b.ttalier". In the period of
the ''Breit 2urge",193b-1938,.11 arrests of nssbers of the PaIlOw
burn, the Central Conuittes and the botsarkoa,, who were rant lu"x
to please dtolia, ears portly carried out throw the
quest section of the lot Dtvisssa. Ihsrefore, it hds to be shall
Chet the field of operations of rte inquest s.etio& of firs 1st
DIViaion to not Baited on4 with asses or persons, arrested Zr
ubreskt the ru.Iss,set tar the protoetiaa of the less. pr.otLL
oallr the Investitevere of this section ezecste the ttiastioars
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100010005-3
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A003100010005-3
f+l-sar?st ,tllrt $ SW J"2
~r iyae'taat arim wWesreearet *&se a.
MIS. is ' s 111111111111120 040 . O1 dal, to bs,tia wita Iaw,tod
art fiuib4 ~ rrss,~ "M -0 the past of the bV44i#1 o.stsr
oft*" B"Ir O aim the 464414 . $ thew the low
Vtest antics O! U O limit v ias.
hits the! 'Pre" *9 psr
ter the whois ' Ia s Dim a" also "em aXp awad selects teehat..
Sal wed for the sa#,ati lnsf of Me Arealias "Zkoesuclataxre
eb~sotr" i,e. ta-r~ as'~_ wil4ta~s) a" private seeaso4otiow of
all ,cr_>oas ua r .9"t" UM at tha lot J)ttfsisa.
TDa personnel saNtihilt of the lit Uisiaiawo 4s ~sorsaect4 is
It* Sark with the3, taiaistrstian of the stt a tot
is sot beuAd to cam out all its orraers. mar, the i"tr bast
Of 8tslts's s Prime rteareterist as tog the sel0ation, ohss*r.
Lai-uP aM diat?ibRti4s at to psrsssaaei are ooligatory for U O
psrsvatsel seatieet of the lot Division* it is even possible to say,
k that gpt+alsl lsstos, i.a. 8talta's privets s.eretoriat, if we
want to be ^oft-pr iss, . L* tirseti a ear, of Ue ,tole lot
Division thrwqA its persasasl esctioa.
Baetetritim MA i5t 402$L. hadlsttezs all trains
of the poraoas Sho hays to be tuarued AIL aroaorQiagly gives ia.?
strustisas to tr ? overeUre asotiou ss4 to the oGssauaasts. aj-'
Owe all porsoaas, viattia the Krwwila, who are not in the poa--
sssstaa of persasest pONOM, 4" carries oa all other fcuts and
1tiMs at r ist rstias, taaq- for the ousrsat +wrt of t Le I at
Diiisisat. 1$ *ast37 *IS$ at. is its Noric with the end ssatom'
Of the l at 8pe6ial Dist It (the rocordiut of antL s o is t el eaea*s)
OM shisi it iota all the "Coesss7 i*toX stiea. A-19 is possible
to stems that fns 1 this srstio~s was s pert of the l at ipecisl
t i~starls. The rsGia .t1lm aestiao is else Oirestly eowaected
141111K $Ssliss s priests easss+t rest, as rrsl l as with the aaarsta.-
seta! of the lbiitlatsro M& USt of. the Cestrel Patter Cassj$tes.
Assasiiat to the eats that have set been ?srifii, it parts-
*es a secret isslot~awttM Valletta for the Is% 1-i'Vision. ft e
setts OM 40 of the INS "VLSI" is attishet to this sectiea.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A003100010005-3
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100010005-3
. Is rrlati~.z tal~d
was Chi. at tins 1st Dtit*L li (m" tbxa h to trv. e
-- s1 WS CMtftt 06MO ss) MIA is i z*ai *ift
tsLI otMi ps #a,s VMW fhs prutsstial~ of is 1st sfiu si
sssrssp,w~ ja mks at "W "ONA624111 of tse poi aa.. - ti
&DOWip ass ssboxaiastsrt 1o t.
I eQs.isl k'Lpai0 of boftVa"440 doiamsltlas aasis, . of
Whe s 11+-SM an t. stas!'t at tbs 1st Divisiot, i* &tt"gh
"Leader"s Two of big -,taxis he" s be M,a*pe s "l
"
AT
shams er bie to s wh roves be, VMS* u4me Asa Vx* m
evsaey sight furs. its, t ho brisa" of t? oo - "watt as
9=81sks of b 1 `a A d one co 0oder. Obi, the "louder" .swot
46000009 U e brat . of the t t a Le rojnZore b
tip 611044p- tssidss, U A eouatz--L*usts wars Vks "10a4 " rast&s.
Move their iatsrnal sn* OXUJ ssl cu.s4.
-tVIIA a" 013 rssosrs of thu kolitbwro tasrc tiua.rtexas IA -mt-e
s'r IIA sad, besides tt st, cou*try".,houises, sit st.ct *as 2)-;
r
a~ilss tr5a . to s0s+r sXa4f `the, A .apt =aid,, - oa. tt s bar
'Wdr L skvi. All ft* -xe ?zouud txisss a6a~srr rent, _. ril,iii r~i - t_Li
64,
radius of ;r-10 kit-meters sass boom .LOCI *Iorbi+ su :$ous",
sA4 is tut!rGed by R special +iiltisi:aa of i&% troops. .ire.L-y
VIbQ tsse tiaa forbi&is sons stt,Lout ? a;?uciai jogs, *ss to be
axx`es twa w i tuout 4 01079 and us s LQU ti ty Ass to ta-ai ati~ ~/tl"G 1 ra~C:;
Uu o*0 tLa spsa ial s'ro esdi5$ of Us , a .
..mm+Lsa flt.._.. lI ~ +, ,y ,? is soassr~
vt of s isi t s rU0I S. Ad sztsaUsi Vt&W of t :A As-"1 aL4 Md. j e s bur is ?
tad to MO Chief of the lot Division (&ad tLro his .. to
6 mcaal hector of t" C.atrsl Cana fl.s). .:t. a "4sr of rats
Ira Susr4a ho* u44ar Aim II
a) %he lot soionsiadsat's oftiss of tt,s rar*&YLa ?u,r ,
b) the ii-d.sisoi of Us siis suamis - t ILVisioa oaf t.bs
ria thoop* - esarps s' out* of the ltVD, saw sad a~
a9eot4jA6 fo sp.slsl provisiass. This divisiba is eauumtoo
t ssrVi" of tltt. istssA*l mad sztuual jrjordLft of the i L4,
sarrisd out 11 .ttwr wit tie sIdsuts of t,ao spsiai .tiit.r
mhooi, beari" t? am s, of tart bspreat mme % of"tars U
sisuatsd ?ittim the gsv]ia wsils.
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 l
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100010005-3
'the ,the .-.&4s of the x reslia ism ads has eat
sestweM vit me pia $ $. !!i lat+cs a earriaa
sa to adai"stsauve add sUpp3wl- +tlitiei as so the inner re latiosa
in W w XrouLtAs sr i ss t 1 srs of t staaa hag, plasm aid,
Im.WMNM is 41tfotTaat rOseptiaas si Obsual s, Iololev' ? sod ashen
"liidwsl's is respoasible i+as this am mam s at ordiz duriat tie
Haunt at the ftavems ftvi" La the ssiai js raised its,
the &reaal a is umi"WOUZ tae aiost samets 7 guarded ob4 sot
of the a rl4, tbs Y as +sitriated p rsra sill haadl,f sotis0
it. 20 visitor rs as mum ft* &riaus Malik, thrsush the gates
of ,tills fp.ssq Tar, OP461i1 a1 the lies dquis. AU other ontreau
aegis se tine freiiia are closed for the viaLIOrs, and tbss air be
used oa4 bar persons, living is they aronlis suA having a ?eraas.aat
peas for entering it. Ths bps" gr gets is opaa is the day tl ae'O
and vivo sq is eppcreatly barred em bj two seatrise is grad U64M.
texas of the :ia-praao z oviet silit.r spool, but it is, probsbl',
.arrrass sore 'difficult to pass through this op" tats than to got
i s American depot shore star W "a are ati01'aelli
Foureign diplomats at hi b steadiest mad for la^ guests of the
doviot govorsawt, bevies bow invited to visit tke Xremlis, pass
the hposslq gets almost without any is itiaoata, mad tboy casaot
o A isagiAo what it sugars for an erdiswuV oviot citisem to do `
thsWash the +af-ole pro .c 's for getting a pass to the
acresl3a.
Wsh a pass emu be got salt in the result of a sail sado b sane
of the high partpr and tvvssaawt iastltatiaas bested tsore, or
seec uieg to a po sosal iavitatii of is. of the loaders. ?bs
wall order of issuing a pass is as follows a
Me, pers=4 saUiag that or smother visi tear, saws to mw
oowndelar of the >i lia gmar4a a reWsst of the sitablisled type,
LuAlstleg as, patr0i410tC, aurae of tae visitor, bis address,
plash of work and the roam& of his beiag salied to the A r lie.
fo oaaaasrdsr "a" the nogg at Skis request through the rsi tatrath
sea ties of the 1st Divisids to s sial rososdi g sootor of
She 1st &pooial DivtaLas of the Woo it gas persea is a ader-
xssiwat of Moss aa, a ciphered eagair7 shoat zis is-bid cwt
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100010005-3
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100010005-3
a per=* ems rsSssitet via t ss?~tts itar los of tha AM
(satirtsewlriot slassati?, fte pw AU "s be, Iaarsa to bloc, set
son ar boo ass am porem No aua.ittMd UO ! for sls1 b!a
mill be iafosssd, at the rsss s at tbo denial.
It the aasrer of tie let Speed Viv a is a taveambia
me, the request is beta* foswaz m* to as, at iso of as kveaU s
wpss4aisndos~, that 1pffimreif this Person to ttsLt is IrsoI as
a eartais dad and at a sartstst time 3a amok oases a ear as 461W
With the transport sashes of the lot 3ri7isLw- is baiae meat is
brie the am to the SpessQ Town. 2r thLa .as a puss has sirstq
bees made out, Lt four copies and am al Y- of di fS.a mat assumes, is
the pass office. All thaw fear sepias axs handed to the Visitor
and he is told, politely let Sisi'p,to so is a seartsia alsesWa
without stoppi*4 SAV&srs or sterbw at a47t-ta5. b"a two baa4rsd
amass *,*ay tts vialt is sat b a a- who stzssks so the
passes, isoves ass of thars with his sad dirosts the visitor to lbs
next guardsman with the sale iastnie i os. The t o st guardar,aa as
du%g osoospaaies b'Za to the door of UM roar *boa* be bas been
called. Theirs he is not by tbo private seazotary of the parson
amnia, .nt*, +sho *hoax* up his dosuments and iaatr'ucts tea visi tsar
to rive a short aarvsat of his bus ness? got detaiala; the
ea3or
with unnscassaa7 talk. ar seem s Us "sadisaras" is closed, t+hS
visitor is oseeapasisd oatratiy La the &me est to the exit Bras
the Yrealis.
IS a Politbsro stsber wefts srtsido the trsalla walla, the
same proaodurs Is la-tsslu~sad Li the iaatitaitias duce he is Ibe
bass* so, for lastscrss, atom bills t.ji s sashed was ter faapie' a
Casnisssr for tail *ocs (1 yb"l 4a), teem rasa to me Ouil"lag at
t is p~ asa with his $w of i~sii~ ass as
t? *s lot fps a miflsislo at as s rfthsl as s emir
tsar
lion of tts flTD, bet 0 s seLsI atfisial of the IN L-lvisie LaawW
lbs pssass to the flat Ob"I t41 Dente of xsgsQVWU& ses 1a4stsi.
to this ease the visitor also rcoiitied foes puss, the Lest of
aieh he bead" to the official of a* is* Division on dot a the
tbs People's C~Oraisararirt wee, Lammed bi Ike Zsarmaport
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100010005-3
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100010005-3
~~ uee siMri its *Mo III sea is . atl~t
to pow 1ls 7 rdtitwet 86-600-1-06 ialfokln- a$
a1- or 4.s's, 1 s In too DfU lasM wi.4h
"re apt duty st as deee of & ov1 h's s"oMp llLas~s~s~Ms.
as tosser l~epls! a rtm~t nun
#ou . iadsst r, ,
t~laia~oi riiss, ' + 1~ ors a~1-1 +wri s of "0 ftlAft"wo
fisU7 "tweed to have apasisl 61040669 hod An" as 010041416 to bt
ssspssatly lY siiLtle. +C - 5Irorr4kiiss0ts#sisa ka" the settis
up Of the JA 80" a satss,otlssl 'sa . it UW 1 ss Ditri ?
aim use obliged to protest his ssorqUy, LA ? VOW, not aotiaeeb,tO
to c)r*shwniktdsa biaseif.
of tb? Atts+d at Oiieat. Ls oaarssssri sith
of the aovarasent objssts, santlss above, with the assaptioa
the treelia. 84 has is his subordiaaties the sessaas qss asa+dant
offies (etor" * ossndatvre) that has ii its 61*p.sa .
the follosjn units of the 1 1D gua" tzaupa
?) Special "Vistas ;i++-liY'r?rlt y nlal~w-ae dt.3,ir+ ..
regulation, of traffis). This divisiaa osasists of spprou atsllz
three thaussa4 ssss that have baea "Gie, 17 tasiasd. ?be
vision ores its am* to the tests that a eoasiderabla pert of itra
yatsaoael rears the ?ilitis jtifsstis with the vversissvs " ".
This Livia bas r8teas4s the rated tract the taMalia to the souwtr re
sidssses of Stake aM other persona ea "dsssselatrre list".
ThLr perasasot duties Laslude also the rem" akes of the trstftm
and the paxdiao of all streets between the Lr+salta sad We bull
tills osawpiM bW the Cestrol Puff Cerittes, the CMStral COMIRItSOM
of the Lsesal, Ike Csetatll of the i ple'ts Cariassss of the
C80 sad other ah4 ests uaAsr pratsstL ss of the 1st LivtaLss. It
Stasis or other ssabsrs of the lblitbe s visit asra ,plants or
stUtstiooa La seasew, the stltsrdiag of all streets Lssluded is
rite is Lonedta4aly posed urea the ailitia to the D divisiaa.
b) t spatial 4L is us at &LMt s is stab go! MSZMti
at goose .stab iig'L Res! La lesaso at Aiskso Thi Pests AMAWA
b these tuuta Latansit the prosesties at this rest, alVsa&p so
eurrt bpr other sub-ruLta. ml staff of this iidaiaa is sitd.tat
ate of the teats is as lass.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100010005-3
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100010005-3
Ahab
a) ftwd iifls&AS of as XLT9 ? somas& as& 0101646
to is Sow i m s ar Ms OA at#aloa at w? SrMis, La
s3 *a t4MI% ', .hare Penn" MAW on1sGUM o tM 1 ss
pili?loft sssl ..
fesi"s tbia, s ~ssihl i St ?a1 sri ttt., i? ~t
pal of tits sizes seem N&MI to t /wi I" tarsritsa7
M~t"!ad to ws a'ss Ado" oft - Qs1si' 1 .ssbsss, is e Abaft sy1
a~Masd wsta~t to "NO . iaalsi d ' i OMss.
iesiies IM We I s- i 's iss of ottisss)1
Sian" s l o ^ i ? , l e r e oft w S aalf 4a. . sus w ilk uw
rdiD$ of outs weess o4u prst~est,iaa of the 1st virtsiaa.
She whore herd so possibili17 of sl asrinq so the fassttiSa aw
twits of ah tees. kcQMasdW,tmurss of the 10t pLvtsLsa, bSt IS La
X&M tat the rsd is asdsc tna~s is comaerned with tis sett-sires
oxv t thl046 of *9066w.
She protsstieft at Melaka "A star hi$h, psrtp offisisis dl
rug their dailj j awmfq trOa tbs Lrasl A to to "iovsrs .mean
srsa" is sasriod co with slsOst 5015, and IT* at the tiaa of poas?
anrpssas$ by for alt U% USt 1es j?sMittsd, for esasple, MW A&$-
LOW darts the ,ylsrs of war.
isoordi" to the goo *I plan of rscosatsrssf on of soase.
sil strs.ls, isol a Leta fee daily touts of + tsA la a" his so
isbosa s, ssquir+d UWASM" bV00*ti at 40 sa svM 60 Mists,
that is prsstisall7 sboslslslr -0608 em* the ssea
as won aiiaia of tat" skates la
"A a,Z,sps ale" 'pts S"AL I
r the
s
I
s o
Ir
"air"s eves'" ps4s4li3.ity of an sflMipt* maw iahsbL
basses aloft this s e'%* or. sawssted to a spraisl sbaSi a
1 art DtflsLos. Mi ell a & '4 a t aars~le a a spisia- LA W .
ft the seek" b ad ill the tssritssy s to tae sevomm
b IN
mast iillas arsd t r iatt ?G sties train *ascas, Ls
aitd*at Tate, **Vssl ~r - os4 'lets, sLU sa ell-dad eatw
is tM axes et sssi totem hhs sac these taraM * '
a. sets assert irslssi~i r * 1iM M? of me lot DMAaw
@I as IN brae pr.baliir list pseerrs .tsar tae e.r.
sate ibis,
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A003100010005-3
gw i these * WW* lbs shirts mssforas without nay distia lLL
Sh" Jr" *&M of Isit spssisl dsatisatias. Lich section of fte
toad was soured with .apnea. posts sad tslsp'so44s. Whoa , brake
left tbs irseli* or as $atS$ of Lis silts, Us ,10610s" sawn'
? as 6Lte to all poets.
As soon as be aorto10 of stslia or of sass otbsr leader
has lett the section of on. Jrrorraaudautura, toe nut oas is noti-
fied try a special sig al about Us approach of ears is order to
stow aa7 orose-oovso-satt. Aa; psrssA, rid.'-ft- or walking slong tJm
Ligbroad at tale ssas"t and stopping for aal reason for i+estawe,
to pump Us tire of a car or a Gicrcls, eta.) has t3 present "a
personal dosusents fox a ohaoZZop, sud U martid sj asses suspiolsss
he is arrested and questioned in the inquest section of the 1st
Division. One tour prlsasar of the Ukt ta- oars "corrective
labor asap" told the authors or Ibis work tLat one ...5 Lis fellow'
lruaa.tss was a collective taxer front tea saviroas of Moscow, verve
was s+Nnt+r"o+ed in 13 for an sttea t u?ant 4 `? l ire. this
collsata former cad to koaco^ an aoae Dusinssa. AY the ?rrens-
be bard op too, saaoh, sacs. being druAA, fell down to else; h 411
so"whers near the sosuslak highros4* its woke is the JLVUe Luring
the arearcb a spur was feuad on his - a xit"ea ,ante at the
kisu swo is the e4tsttr7. emcee dsfs lstsr this collective tames
WOO bsoughl to fibs d itirrka prima, avsd the "trois[a" Of the 999690
x*a1 dal ZUD aslelstrat%Oa soatastsi his to give iesrs of do-
posl*ti.5g assosdia to the clause "s per.e - tsrrorlm. iakis4
1st. ooasidsrstios s eases oas east sat be astanisbed it the
test, that Moscow shies as tsar to to into il-s s14s streets as
Mod .5 %ma Max um "A66o or -e approa~ab sd ioW.u&aent cars.
aalulia's a fox his jourags in Moscow arad aloft lb.
~OakaLih lttANAltroa-d vua aliT somutistrs of 3-4 ears sits the "z..Co-7"
" . Asir eats we ho~*""a a wdi "six i "S"ub
Lades its bull**-pXootq t'swpres$tatiu of the 1st Division
out ae.. was prsesrt it their rssep$taA frela the punt*
so first ser is the StailA's serto S less the tsst of *s et-
an pareses sxs"sLa us road bete" the sostsse an we"
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A003100010005-3
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100010005-3
+rdie014 sba ? tbsir plates L ft e Cortese* blsU -'s ow emu
6a'1 to am how of jai oat i3j b S t e r a tho v s s l r 4a uoi to t
Kremlin or dirietly.et t" Ott! of $$.1"'s flu ee. ;vas driTOrs or
all govar: tat ears we" oit t ia rmmeptton ea us, staff of
the 1$t Divisie* as iorkoors of its trrnsport sesttoa
The cofa+isadant of t gum of objects is also coaasrntd
'with guard $ the go srmasa't bumtiag ?stst#s. The so called "pare-
ssrvs" at the atatiag Lea. of the dorthara railsslr by Morrow, via*
oo-e of such, sststae. Alk wars among ott*r salasls of Was **tat*,
though ordinary a itissa of to Soviet Us" .ex a prohibit to
to-at those
t see .f is a aLlj is *e !s in *o '1 iz ear,
SK aft a*a . spns va eli peWoY grid oars ? as ttaUas a e iate.ntaiir
at irivsr, sea it at i st Divisio am i s as first istr, kospi
as aq ii! Who sigh be M amem to as $S mar Otol cars. assi,
"hile travellLad over the soviet Union, stalk, aed other
lmlitburo ambers ass their private railway ears. Before the sal
the Soviet lsaesrs sliosr% offer vsad fir aihplaues, tiMlr4 tbie
kiad of trsasport too risky for their precious s.ives. >irsaapriiura
to ease iatorsatioa, a ey}teial, absolutely secret orasr a.a isauwd
by Stalin betcut the war, foasi.U y proaibitimg to thri " la-
turn worksre" to use plsosa sit tut iZ ipttoeeii y asrious s ?sso
and without his own approval of ovsrr f1Laht. 5aV bs, ' tL. "great
lemwer" feared that sae s of ais aol.sbo rotors siaret ties
stiroadt i t As far as it is MOM@ bt.Ais hiai*if flee only ans -
fres Hoeioa to ?obis' sy L1 1941.
The tenser obis! it the suVssmasat train tlalovodst-bosbi
Warned the mutbsrs about the talleuLra, 441*lis of proteslica
tally and other "leaches" doting thole rsilss, trstrels.
tr' r amber it the politburo Bea its *as private rail1*7
oar that so be us" aaljr Massif ari by his tmew embers.
As to their autna-'od sipsa1*.a these sars dittsrad la sa . y
t U W serval ---Is oars, but they .ore. emsgdiadly lu-
xurious tasido. So# Salt Lsstsiaoe, i-at:a~* was used for the
of trsmsportatiO*?
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100010005-3
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A003100010005-3
Lat.x deeerettas . l 1 e of Btriia?s ear, caaali.am bias
WOO i
cured foe Ua mate juspsees ies Smem vieth's etas etc ? fto caw*
*Wm omstrustld to am" b that Was ,j+ s at tart joists of
r0le Were, at felt Inside the sae. for this sin a Uick loser st
Lead, two layers of felt end ens Of Doric warm
put :o-d+rr LAO
'wodes plaak#ag of the that *M& was iv1re " La its $liZ a +wL$b
a lager of felt, Bastes, a" a sovtitie t S$rf t. Bash a per-
sea" car was used 0& 4 fva- BD.)C) daWs is ono ,mss0 but Aetoss.
thesis every f'e'ar there Were obligatory capital repairs, the ousts
are Which rncosstod to hu"r"s of the of roubi es for crabs
O"ie Gore
? Soviet bureaucrats of a loser rank tra!+allod dousrsll
is sleeping-care (the so-called "ttitropa" Gars) of the eausl test
tr
i
a
aar s*v.ral ft t
eara as wore ascv-sO"tina tMa t ft o "44
Ari`ar" express p]yLag botesed Mose(m egad 1raA
"1ua_
,
"a
te
no 4'" h writ ate. She 6D'tenrrantal us" A.ilw
Soehi, plying between the groups of spas, was of that sass Kind.
Ahsa mtaliza ot other sabers of the . liburo sere t
a
l
ra
nt
?
their psrsoail. car was awpled I the std of the trait
mwma it
,
was toilvse b ex" 41 the ease "aorerircA" car With an 54V do.
tecz Went. Such as order ezistad ooL for the 60VOMaaotal train
Li al ovodat -Sochi 3 if Itslin or tie. 001, e i uss wore travelling
1s 0thei? disesctja a special trala Wan put toaoth.r for each ,
'that iaecludiag the peraayl sax of "leader". &*,rc re swclt ' .
sea got Zito the trsia, the chief of the trait h *ir?oa ODUM eel ? to
the gT Aeedqusrtses of this railromw Oak ale+iae* a special pro.
a rip of aoo",ing leatca s> t tls person of the travell,or
and his guards.
"as 'be uses lsaves the station, the chief of he txaia
and the chief at the rail reed XM get into the leaawti?e a"
stq there until oleic seaesttss its pease or deatiaatjaa-.
A t cw We baton > a asrslw*l of St.lL4, a special oftisial
of the lit Dtytgj sea" to waxy ssilroed adasiaistr.tio4 to
ieoa k out with the chief of the railroad 1LV) aoasury scouting
as s&fit y of the elos ar". *ii*' is s#ssesgacied SILLI by a e l
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A003100010005-3
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100010005-3
fife" of his bod""RA 6" - ottisisls of the 1st pivisLcrs, 004151
ft -M **.M. ill the meet of the $umX4i aso pi'vri604 DV "a ehtet
of tda railroad UID. The * of %W 1IMTD ltesr slow* wear pia"
olothos, mad are d3 rib %ed is. a Sore or.lass propsrtiQ iI ?s
to stand is th tabours of the rttole rsla6 or No . mixed up with
other paws gsra of the ? train. am's Iftm clears ta.ti a scat in tbte
din i g'"car to Vista co nsaatims of the peasenfers* The enirsf
of the railroad t&VD, travoLU f Ls the lososmtsiti, is coasi.4ered
to be the outer of the loesl guardt, but besides his, a mss
tative of the lot Liviaiesa, Ls ertvelling is htalla's car. Baiore
the train leaves tribe attot iva, the a.Lief of the train is i,atroci iaa
to his, sud the orders of this official of the 1st Division aze
oblidatuX,j both for the o,tJ sf of the tra.ia mid T,40- chief oY the
railroad sitVI .
Besides those three pox sons nobody else usa trio riot so
know st o travels in the special car.. coupled in tx:.e sad of the
train. but usually tkie persowwl of the train s_&a the station so-
stars guess the raus of the traveller o) the 'ctiarsoter or the
protective msesuras. ouch a train stops only at ceutral stations
to take water. -thou tt:e trots acs to pass, alt errival aat deyar"`
tore rsilmay points are ti, tly ahead Wit a spikes at all sxa-
tions. A pointasan stao0ds *o tther pith an MtV3i age81-sfprasaa+ta
titre at this station at to" railway pointt. 'ht guards searing
N&Y. - uai.foras, operative saeatt*represeutatives or tun rsaa fort
bootion of tbo railroad 1itYD, the rsilws,) ?illtie stand along
the treashOs, La tnnarls sa 01009 the road-bed.
The train is stopped at sue oepasture sad arrival piatiors+s
in -each a e* that the #^ Pessos~al car of a%slia ox of SINQ
other somber of the ftlitburo would be exactl~ opposite we o0o-
ratiro post of the B[YV of this station. LaaeciiatSly after the
arrival of the train the UT) Svards is plain clothes rage the*-
selvss is lines an beta sides of the c ra group duss"
fills in the sd j pining pan of the plat era a+ra
Was prevents the public to go abeed, tuomab no tarsal order is
given to the people to stop. At first two ohms Lsl of the I n%
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100010005-3
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A003100010005-3
Ida
DILvI L *ii^t frsi the *as, them they axe foUowi bly Mates
ltd a eiple of "Tro MM* All this 9WWV P08000 tv k4 1 a "111111i
post and sets iab ales $are? lookta Brut as ease mart weit-
end for -talia. Ua&SU7 the " sk" mars acre esLtiAg for btsL3a
at the Sook1 slit toe. Luria! all tAis **room eeew tae satst of
Ik train esawt apprtack No $t"'s *as. Ala. teams asewx*s of
pavesutioa are taken is spite of the feet that 0"J tM asb?rs
of the sovessaant, the hi$t rearcia4 prtV offiaiaLs "A apse 111 r-
t shed teaerals an4 us rigpt to trout is Me tovsssai'
trala.
Ls ciao of sa bran $e or Gi>*psir 3i btalLd's Oar, toe
Master aaj Suter it oz Ly *acoapaaied bb US chief of the railroad
ALL, and his box with tolls is previouaL7 laspeCId .itbt grastest
Care. A 'forbid+sa sons" sdth a radius of nose thsa 3 tilaseterra
has boom established srotusd the roY?ssaestal Villas between bo"i
and Watseats. JMt tro VS &r of tkar JALVI is so Sutaa-se, that p?opie
don't *von try to sp roocn t;t,is sous. as*" 16010toV, aaaaao?iah,
'Woroshilov, Aadrayr,, r ussuoe sun otter, lesuare *a.&* trsvollia$
ut saei prtaautioa- s esurss sere teaau. Duly eu?ptloa was
sad* by tt?e aatber of -olitburo wn i solle' a 4ostinissar for a es?-
Industz7, ;srr ,o vrdaet.oniafcai? (Cried is 1)3/) who lilted SO wsL*
rlo14 the plstf ors Saaug the public that Laden ALst a" ? be-
httiour of the "leader" grove to cAsyair tLe mesa, of the 1s's l+irt-
aXoa who b!o to guard. teem. It.? second-twat "i?aders" travelled
is goa ra.l cars oL this tutsr n atai train, sails du suaL spear
sost of his time is the aiO-ie4-oar, *her* he to" a lot of cj'La .s
of different lchaft.
staiia- and other Politburo srsabsrs din not tae tAeUZ' food
from the 41nin-car during their Iravsls, as ?san of thew bad#. a
lcitabon is his personal care she" food for aim mac the group of
persons, aewaspaa7las his, 'as Di apareto US, :ossal oar of this
train had eight too-seated ooa#ar*aests, with a bath-roan for walk
two oospsrtments. ;Mafia's Gai eonsi,s: sd of a rcitahi., a study,
socretsry"s offise, IWO Dad-loess, t Nate-^coon, a dsvolid'"wOom
ead a reserve omwert t? All of We 490 I*miaW4 wits W40916t
possible comfort sad lus%r? shat real by for the laterier twos e-
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I MO -m
tit of 1 too as US" its". it is akae.slsrlstis tkat ale
*01A of lts so""" tod* t#koL4 t. soecM a" left a& the
id .track of Dim "is (fammot3,7 is rs*c s solo) arcs ham-
99'M sad its oars souid &at be aaa4 for this gOveromental tr*t*
^ot sssirias aptbLaa sbeut wing rhea for itsiin' $ p.x Sawa no
as they were f owed to Sri s ,+s~rl],f eratosla#ai-e".
' Te5sr17 l of 0 this #deveransatal tram Save
about a antics toubles of eisad loss, shiok was aovex-ed out of
the special fraud of th ioasa aaa of %be U. Capital rspsirs
of this ttai* were Cate avers grass, as .bsolotoli all 'bike squi.p-
aesrat of tb.* oars sea olsaagsd. attic all ott oar pasr+sry er trance ass
Um JSU are sub?jostod': to capital repairs oaara is sit gears. A&A
what are the Costa for asintaiaia; all psarsoaai sere? 1hsxs or*
sore t .u a tbossand of Um in the O isist for the use of difda'rss:.t
Soviet and rty buvetuoxats, thtw , of sours., 1ke7 are net
t rsMtst-a with sneh s luzus7, as tltalln's ,sex. It is saffisiaratt
to sesntioa that before the wax Personae cars were asalgn a, tieslelan
the kremlin aristocracy, to 'all the aces cretarits or tart reglai si
party oasuaitt#es, all chiefs of the regloaal AM sdeitaistrstioas,
all the cos anders of the ailitoz7 districts, all e.iefs' of the
railways, all chiefs of the railasosd U s ate., eta. 'Last is
how the lseaars of the"first socialistic state in world" axrs+a
their pers nal life t
if 4talin'$ train is stopped on its ass .van for five aims--
tos, all the Personnel guilty of this "arias" is subJeatid to
iasodirte arreste omit a esso eacured once in 104 an the way
trOM bcostov to Boshi. A train of taAk.csrs wit k b ""no ass rvw-
&Lag easu*11, stead of Stall*'s train, and for some reasons or
others it could sot be Pot as Ohs side trrsk. As a ses,~lt of tans,
the vessaaatal train was stopped before the srsapooor. of on ira-
tsssW1diate statioet far three aisdrsetes. This happeoad at meat, sand
Stalin did not area aottse it, but We sea on duty at the station
the station-caster said acv he chief of test railroad were imme?
dist.l7 geared.
A119 described above, dives *me ides at the factions .ad
asks of ft e transport seeti+as of the lot Davis Sean.
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Mg Xr. L14 vgu t. Controls all good Frets
received for the use La %Ce Lraslia said in bovermsie tal aouatry-
houses. is subord-iasted to the ?rsa-l.iu ayeliatendont "A to tao
chief of the I at Ulvisiomi*
the departseat a i$ts of sa -itary sastic , labor.tox7 mr.mmd
transpoi t section: l .t`~I buratory is aosecen iu a-itu the aaalimei*
of *11 food etufrs cosir to the =x'eslis, *bile the trso-sport arc-
t;ioa of the Ilier:iin supply daptrtaala>-t not only delivers these food
erodu?ts to the 1reelin, but also takes case that LASy amy mot
;oisaued or, the w*y.
so, .or inst ncep if, let us say, milk is being delivesed
to the Kremlin from the lover: zsLt;,al state fora nesir ago- cos? it
is socc aponted without fail by an official of tha tra:,.rport me*-
tiaa of tt_e r. ply de,,art vnt of Use )at Livisiwo
.,G? _,Qt Jqg tmbterial-tecbx iCil ; rovisio i lmi conc.me .
with coTrring the set' zial anc technical needs o: t"e lot Livislara,
foam. s, Military arm civil clwt4n ,rte u k to iuvl for the.
auto -ti,azi port section.
fli$ iri !04!!~k. ~ +m C.tiuu. je coucar..4cY with
ttie >zvbletas of supplyi d the vtlicials of tt,o let ..iviejon, of
;xrovicizi ,; then with 1od , nes, ;~rraltme fora place in a fast--Ls .~
sad fulfils hundreds of otter administrative and eaintenancce
functlonA cosaftted with tLe well-bclod of t1* s*ployees of the
let Division.
MMOL are testa, structw's w field of 8-purrtiaa-s if the
lot iivision of ttrm- Sky., U"* Let as call o ce sore to our mmiaut A
that the lit Division exists only A Moscow, *",Lo Um protectim
of provisaisl "1.sad+trs" of the Ga muaist party a an 4evl.t kuvsrs
aeat is csrriod on by the 204 pocial Diirisions of th? aorr*npoact-
in territorial adsiaistrations of the tiaV3r-min i.
this chapter aon14 sot be ao mow lets w W exist as !t mLghr,
be desirable, but it is possible to give a coapl ote survey of t
activity of the lot Division only after a 3.0a4 moo aiwte coileatim>t
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-#ti t a 'ri.s -1 't
4kr, iw ."1w ,' -seCx~1t'' ail., a lust w-ii :~ O~i1let-~+ti $t L .1.~ `i~tv.
LL
Of U44 *If6d*a" *# =0 Xac'wtlia the * ` t&adr thin arc DauC.
t
.
ticu, Or1 di#~ .oul C. t o *%tbax. wir *Ila D colise , t ,~ lo??
tomatioa foit_"d ?ocb o , as a rul* z 4w
it so most ? acre o ttzo 1141011A. there-
.
`
i~sciii lint-_ 1r.4n.` i ltzuctur if i.
e4O i:.-stioa o 1is urtit
y. -
but *ThL La t
L01,01 ,~ st in
t or CN40 It 13t to rLod Various #a,roo
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IIa 8. S. P.
^f f
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uo* *!,on au ever Were sii; aimber of cu tiuns fear that
"ama":ri,as
gill lay oL ti em its deadly Pair and -ktalu $ 5 Attious are alle.4
of .oviet terror ves considered as a rcussian uomeatic affair. out
attractec sae reaction .even iL unit' at o *ea& L-at:A e. Lae --r=.)bLea
vi?Ual victis-s of tL,is terror a,0,:owreu iii the foreits,a ;,rose au
putiie opiuiou, e)nly frog time to ti,ae U&* tt,w teiti:aouy of 1 1a-
si& of their i ~roi~:.r~ r. c:s~rnetztic )(iiicies, tke coal of ~urLL ato-
rins,ticn -Si u bot, r.rve .~,miiea ~rcllesi~ terror ti.a ectef weapon of
their
Ailltery ueieat and the folloaLii occx,;etiosa of ..rsrmartT
perraitteu world public opinion to beWoee ?ccuaiuted aitn all the
rePul?lve cetaila of tt.e octivitIes of LLe wectayo, asap; C)Uier
orir;,ass of :sitlcrite torior. Jut LL* ectivitiso of tie ur,-acus of
.Povtot terror rave raseroad for to yeera niu.e& rz,ra tue sorla
stile ice0II1!a ies. i th flf ineaa 4irtat ~r s;t~i,,c3 lcxlc, :~o?u, As. the b *40
as per I acted form r4stional-40cialist ue=nay awd tie %-WOMA w18ti
oviet .t xe co not rneeo to it cut t3.e iiailaari. `
ty of tr,eso to clctbtorat.i.-is or evr i of ts&ir apyareut aut;ral no
? ?
ted a pic `.ure of t.-as t;ictetor-s"i) of a ; arty iu its &oat r aulcal ?
Mental ep reretuo and for::ibly airectiaty the whole life of the cau f~
I Sae' even tt:e ,;rivate life of its citlaeai* wo countries yresem0
dictatorship, the dory evoloped are its orsaas of terror cad
q,presaion.
The 20th Century gav-, birth to a now foz of dictatorial
the ciictat:-)ret,ip of a r*rty, sabordinatisi9 to itself the ,overo-
ttis regime. l:q sore radical acct absolute the character or the
fully conceives systst, of terAcor directed against the s&DJacts of
livery dictatorial or, as it is sow corsoaly called? tots,,,.
litarisn regime to pa itself In poser sainly by R~eaus of a tare-
L t v?ing eCc,u$ii:te:: elth the J1(Yu (sob) Ia ;>ractice? tL.ia ;;rotrieii`
Los behua to attract a adecial ette:ration.
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e
of i! S of the soviet erase of state aeesurity as eqr
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solves asvs been subjected to the activities or test iastltution
for 30 years. These people are not deceived bar the trewlias LYtag
tur? acid aethods of wortctot gthe Soviet terror systemlp for tuey try:
ooly the kussiss` people esa disclose tUOA4etsil6 of the stz *c
,rit;q the results of the activities of the MO (xab). but not .a.
the inner aecbsnisn of this seat grinders rbic eztersinates people
aecor+diagg to the prI&cLV1S$ "it he is not one of us - tpesa he is
against usl.
the 3talinistic tearer. US iorld is reaorticeg asqutaiated graduall,f
But e,co now the syotos of oovlet terror a" suapresaia* is
,tcnoea, rather? ascoraiai to Ue tsstisosy or), iadividwl victims of
propaganda about tr,e co:astructiO of s tree asd 5esocratie socialist.
,sc U Shone of tba antbolr as ottsipt has been sede to create a
z4 ste0
tb
ng
em
of laborons ce1iOatiOn of vsriow data, by nsae-s of ymea
Of mums former oftiaisls of tbase organs, and fco~s. the y.z'sS al -
! present work is as ett~srspt to aaalayse fate ewer str+aat _
e asrtbodr of work OC, t O 8ovtet or seo-s Of state seawrity. of seat
i
te
people and to all of Lusanit39 but this is? at the date time. meta
practical contribution to the general stru ,le for national iade-
peadwce acct aersomai fraedoa. The decLdift sonant for ttie clash
between the forces of freedos sad forces of tyranc~y is epproac - g.
ya order to halt the attack of Cans "iss and thew to destroy U16
danger it is neoesssr brat of all to XMWM its aatn seapo'o:ta-OLtCt
Md t.chntgue of its wdorsLaini wpb outside tae bovlet sphere,
set aetbods of terror and wpj?ressioa- iaslds that sphere. it is
aacesse" to echoer the a+st important instru$eats of the Cosauaiat
party sad of the Stalin 4tctate -ip$ its oraso-s of "State bees-.l
sitv"*
of tt+e ,ratter. This is their coral duty to the su-rfering kuasisa
cerniag peece &ad coy-operatiQA.
only the kussian people sun aaguaiat the otter peoples ofl
the world with alt the details of the di$testxul aspects of c:osrau-.
Also aced only tL.sy can perform this fort with sufficient imow1e1e
socistj is the Soviet Union not are they sealed by the iL Lusiona
of t Loa* who believe ttjst an agreement wits: Italia is ,oseible cone
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G& the eve of the +>World liar II. As a. matter of tact, is msiy cap.
revs, the authors could not be quite eertais "oi their data, not to
to iainfozs the reader, but this could aaialy be in the details
The authors set for ti a aaelves the aim of giving a 6eaere4
speak of the exactness of details. 6e have to poiat out that the
work was written not aaialy from doeusents but from the testi^+o
By of tadividuals. bane of them, from the ausber of forcer d&fl
s$oats, could have intentionally distorted the picture in order
picture of the orgaua 04 the JiIYD is a certain, united period of
its developments between the end of the %rest merge" period wd!
the start of US World *or iI - that is between 1y" and 19U1.
La this period all orhaaa of t~oviet terworiat were united in one
office - teople's Cos tssariat for inturual iti'aira of the UarbA
(AXVV). After the war these orp aas were split between tiro mini-
stries - diaistry for Stateecurity (M4i8) a04 the aisistry for
Isteraal Affairs (MV),).
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JX firs & K VI) iJ' -94L 40 VI LT 41 ij f &d
1. Tue M. sair-g of % be t K YL
within ttxc 6;>6r. sisinforaotioa of t"e surro,aoCit~, Ioriu, enu out-
ds cad terror. The stiliful acid st,cressive proyavr do utiliges
dictatcret,ip hbe two asin weej'ous to doaiubte the , eo,le: yropsos*
-he 'e e's Coamissariat for Later-al Affairs, uivide@ sftsZZ
tLe ear into two ministries, is deservedly cslleu one of the sin
supports of the Soviet 60amunist dictatorship in r-uaaia. The aovia'
Gives t: a .re.r.lin oli cireby x r. tter ViCu su,;t?ox t 1...044t;, tLe rasse*s
side the u.-: u miaiaforv+ation or oviet realityt said iii wet *,&.N
of people,- especially in tt:e ,;est. .set tc,e ~~h L 18 t:h~ post i~u,~
because it does 'ot ref legit sittjer tLe true character ar the
lice. his definition is incorrect in suusts:jce. Lt is ir,cori act
brood, tt,e AJKWI. is oruinarily called tt.e v Jvlet uecret
tLe reliability eau cooplisnce of that aeepou t 4 La) L" LL&O 61,9-W
begun stru ,~jle for world aoQinetsoa.
using to cou?vei the world, then the c+in,YL. is the .aeeua oL se:cuZ U4
tent wespou to suppress %ud doainbte tc.e ;;eople ii.eiue~ Lue :.aviet
Union. Nor teas purpose t..=e A %V:, ctuac .,?ti rtea ii, its 1.8"us sluaoet
unli3ited MOSUs of control, ;,revocation. SU%i terror. '4"; c,+ay rs,y
tber it t1Ae U~.>r itself is merely the Aesron sr.ic:. a uniste are
Iuatioa is principle sad practice is otherwise. sere are tine be
sic characteristics of this institutions
not a personal inquisition of Hitler himself. La tLa uo the a
the state, its political security is the first Lastsuce. ?VS4 tt
Gestapo, guarding Hitler's dictatorship, ass s state Police, sag
agency of state poker. Its mission is to protect the lateiests ,
spited of action of this Bost important orseuu 01 tie uulshevist
dictatorship. Any police, wbethez oyes or geeret, is uoraaily act
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.RZ?. , III
1 ? Tbi NL to an agony cell of i4tstev bat of prrtj pope,
Under this party Dower gas anst uaderstaod not the Gosouaist Pariyr
as a whole, but only its oligarchical and sbsolate leadership -
the l'blitboro of the Central Cealai*tee of the Pezv, and the lead-
ers of the Party Central and local spparattas shiek help the Polit
hullo to rule the countryI in all, per ts seas 3w pers*os.
The mission of the AM is to serve Us seeurtas of the ism:.
terests not of the state, but of this handf l of usurpers, 'whe ors
as&tag kussia their chiet. eSapoa La the struggle for the leisure
of power over the entire world* the MXV1} guards the security not
of the state as a whole,- that is, of the countri, tno people,
and authority,- but solely and alone the security of the ruling
group of Persons, whicL is cosaoaly xr oas under its abstract aane-
the Soviet Power. This power bads itself In perwaeat conflict
With the Majority of the people tram the very first dyrs of its
birth, as a result of tLe antideaocrstie trescherous coup d'etat
of 3otober, 19-17. Its policies inside and outside the country are
directed ai,aL at tie natural, basic iates'ests of tae swssisa people
mad the country. M
`chose wto are inclined to see in tGis definition some Lind
of "propaganda'", are advised to UL** over toe question 0400 sorer
W4 6A t .?3 acquaint themselves with the tact the t the "Ili-i oviet
hleasats" files of the *KYI sad the system of "tiUAJta" (Conceotra-
tio+n Camps Adainistratioa of the a11649 together eaorace ssesrly all
the adult population of the U. so can aantLep'l to the $ane ef-
feet, the activities of the bcosoaie Adaiaistrs ion of the AAVV in
prevsntiag the "sobotsge" and "diversioaist act ", which testify
to the compulsory character of the soviet "buillirig of socialism
is as* country"e
must that first peculiarity of the IUL) is that this type
of secret polies serves only the interests of the ruling Chiefs
of the party is poster, against' the interests of the nuts which
this group rules, contrary to the will of the people whisk it
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2. The XXVD is as organisation completely independent of
the governvent system La the USS14 and, partially, of the Party
itself. Pori than that, thanks to their exclusively conspiratori-
al character, the organisstioa and activities of the A are
kno*n in the country only is the Rost general texas, and ibsa. on-
ly, for example, after some facts concerning executiaas and orx t
leak out.
tt would be wrong to tLiar twat. the Soviet overnasat - The
C o; cil of M iaisters - at any time would discuss tie +rork of tae
iii L or would order it to do or not to do soseti-ing,* it is suffi-
#1 1
cient to say that the Minister of iinaace of the Ua:.k, who proper-
rem the mutes bud4et, and inter aupezYises Its j,uljilAqatq goes
not know tLe ctructurs, nor ti.e L-ersor nel, "or the utiliLbtion of
expenses of the :7KYp. ,o the ainsulcisl iuectLon of tue aosplaa and
to the ot&te iud ,et sector of the *'lan' ing Adaiaistration of the
siaistzy of Finance of tine U4,: is presented onit tLe total snot
which the ti -M needs. Ttere is no discussioAJ or verification and
even this sus does not reveal all the expenaitures of the .MiVL#.
because a certain part of these expenditures is incluaea in a spe-
cial secret fund of the Krealia.
plot only the ordinslry yeraon, but the xost Lidh raiziag of-
ficials in the U6:%.k Laos only one thin about the "A.VDs that it is
better not to know sZgthiag. If t41s won More to tall into the
heads of a Soviet reader, it woula be accepted as a revelation.
Ho-a is a fact established by one of the authonas Doviet rorei,ga
Minister MaztiI Litviaov did not rmow what depart)eeat of the YLTD
was located In a building which be saw every clay fru& two wlnuoe
of his office izi Lsersbias1gr str+eet9in Moscow if raer inbja"a
turret). One .any excuse his, however, not every official of the
d&YIt itself is informed of that which is outside the frame of his
immediate coapsteooe. And thte fact, by t9o say, has made Utrese3J
difficult the an tiog of this work, based, as Tea said is the fort
word, on the evidence of former cheLtsts*
This iasulatios of the $1133 in the Soviet pates of the p
?? ?e would say eves its indepesdemee - is the second outstamaing
chereeteristie of the Soviet Secret -Police.
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culiaritys tke siwltaneously issi-litsd and doai*stta pssitiai
of the Soviet Secret Iblioe*
to understand this if one does not tatce into 40c0YAt its taisa ''1
the Soviet state bears a very speeitio 4hersotsr. Lt is iapossi ,a
3. It 14 be pesstbte to say, by actaiow, that tae 1L
is a state within a state. Mat the io-wletios of the 4ZYD with
This exprosme itself is the ~ fact that it the U Y y is a
a complete secret free other govenwentai and even party organs k.
Jost that each soviet citizen Las two stoctows - one of skis ocs sew
AaCVL is the private lives bf people of the 43iti it is not said
forests. it goes witLout saying that there are no secs eta tram
life in -he UaSR, beginning With tde Council of ++inisters and 4-
i11? in the basic party group of nose twelves, lost in the Siberian
tacles of tLe Ni VL penetrate all reaches of goveraaental and psiea 'r
AM 06 the pain of your band l at least they should be I The tow.
buro and its apparatus.), these or*aats are as sell taoma to the
(with Vmception of the Very highest - understood to be the Polio'
tttVV. Its organs are infiltrated into gover sestal sad party orgs
der to favcr the spy activities of the ctir-Yll. We atsy characterise
the 1:oviet system as one is Ohl" there oowrs a fusion of the
state and pairty, the leadership of ebieh formally is in the bands
of the state, but actually in the party. at in this assIgwtioa
there is still one note elesent, uaseea but always present - the
and party system of the UI~..1 special conditions are created in or-
the other of the i dY, .
It is only logical to emphasise that in the oovernmatsl
of the UKYU in say Soviet governmata1 Last itutiealrressn I
up to the highest levels of the Soflet reancratis asahias. The
most widCspreadei i1 of this titsioa, or better to, aay3,permeation,
opp unltisa to che" every step of the state and party offioisi
ni z atioas, unknown to the latter, in order to fully utilise their
ry, In every inatitutioa or govos rstal ottioe.
8peciel Offices" or "Special hraashes" shish exist is every facto"
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thumb of Stalin, for this aim wtalia uses his own private appsrr-
er and even against the party, saJoyi n a g ester. coneentrstioa
*hea?ih of power than the state std party apparatus t 1a their
lower and ziadlo levols), the fisVD tiacts itself unaer the tauab
of the individual whO r-olds in his hand full power, uacer the
wester. o1 t1 a situt-tioa in the U. Spying against the state p4
tram this is follows that the kKV1, Le not. the all-por*ezful
anc or the following reprisal against his executioner, tesbsv. `\,
all his consorts, totaling, it is seta, u;~ to officials
used against the JKVI . .-e spear Of ~e ,z iaais against 'is oda acne
fin hiaself,- only for the fact that "tbey w,ited on the wade
street with 1rotshi tes" s tosoa that ao cetiats tee rarty can be
any audsl1, when the AXYL sei&od trio people,- is tae words of sta~-~
against the :'arty just as well as it is use" daily and hourly
against tw people and country.
4. However, the belt same period of Ross vxtezd iuation of
originators of Orin ing, before the aecedent *eat. he period of
the "ores t eurte'', 1934-193,99 shows us t" t t the d ii YL can be used
with olj tine Trotakf tee and ending Britt" the Cur.Leatly sottish
the party, the liquidation of all sad sn7 deviatioaists, basis niag
the-less as see that one of the basis licks of the NIVD chain,
binding the *hole country, is the b-PO - iecret political asetias e1
sdaioistratiosm. Its sissies is the rooting out of sedition 'within
it Haply, has as right to spy against the iolsbavik varty.sewer-_'
tus of the AUVD of the U88R6, the SOD cannot control or, putt'"
I . OW 's .0 111 -
According to its official regutatioaa (the so called "lit..
the top secret special cbsiwels of the Zre.lia. dare manifests it- 7'
os7gaa, which arose because the Communists trust no one and coder
ao 0404itio4 does aot . eojey itself the fall aoafidenoe of time
.dictator sad his seeaapiises.
Therefore, the fourth peculiarity of the MAYL is snot this
system eta double or evsa triple control of OW and as swine
f the famous Soviet aysten of cross-cheek inoursass, that is
Versom-, orgasisatioa, or action..
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tun,- so called "Stalin's ieoretsrist",- which operates through
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ti
5? l 4ar, it rust be resasabered that the UYVD Is a Kind
of secret police which has its ova arced tore xVD, , w.r Attu; .tote that
and the 501"n couatri*$.
of. social coapositioa at the popvlatidu in rolearo,.1900 oYa
s`orzisa or Lettiin, aLd to as ds'estar extant RRLA 1i17 t plctlirS
oa et flaosripby will hove to Gross out the asaes of st sr1 a oatao" aW
aoea not interrupt this nsa waY. of the terror, -the textrbeoga.
cupied by the Soviets duris &W after tue war. A" if a new err
with an dt ost energy. throug4out .l. those countries which were oo
see now that the L YD (M4) is couduating its experiiaeA
the old village "eider", village priest or a Kulak, he Daly paid
his respects to tae sociological talents of his iiKW).
i s is ,Geis: iaat night L tr ayr Loa . tortured - by *ttaGS11n6
Lt
e
Via: G`sh xaac 4 ,. R . - abo ae-" ti0tarM amp merit
a
i
'- lull or.u D , r
a at was Of 'tE a 0s1 tfh ie elVts tl ' (sash, witl tt 4*4
hislt olcks0at so?~rArlossth t +asae ~' sv a
t e. at all
,
D
ih' ? iittio~. ? Y lak ss,tLL : +u-sM:rt. that 'Iba oe
sz
f
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as the ''wonderful Chetist legion". Together with tLla ''salted do
the eorridor"=)as"meanies of the, people' hundreds and hundreds of
their assistantal asarlj aU of whoa, through lo" years, thesselw
ma "ssort down the corrridor" tens of thousands of kussisa people,
in the giveter part innocent even in the fete of the famous 56th
article of the 8owiet paas.l codeZZ1
Though Stalin thought .that he was li+cpaidatir Daly his colt
.asates, in these oases he sr4e8putting, a bulht in tLe nape or the
seek of the -tutquestion*bly real. eeasmies of t2ur Peoples in his o
tuura, the downfall of t killer sad sncaessor of i'agoda - tine ; f
" " " 06 is leshov, ' 'brought about its o*n? b1o
- btalinist , "Iron cons aar , .4,?
purge wont those who only just before thoroughly purged the Ghe-,-
kist cadres. t11 tLose executors who worked with x e&nov were shot
without exception. Stalin tnow ho - to eaeit* fros **tor dry.
Goaerslly spoeking, every unsuccessful operation, especial
a- failure is the, seeret - Pork abroad, regolts in the eiTere puns
sent of the reoponsible N Vi persoAnel. There is nk. doubt that G.
aadlsn justice indirectly, eaugbt up with ott.u'a,. In z i tioa lto
those who sat on the defendant.'a beach at "oatreals the AKliy dealt/
.severely with all of -those ,people who, bsin, in caaama, well so iW11-4
re ;"
attentive as not to sppre " hgor tiuzoatc+o. it is sertaia. test so
of the. former eollegnes. of tbei kussian sbhool teacher Lossemki sa.
>&o Jusped frog the window of the Soviet consulate in Aee Rork, x"
oblije4 to Qey dearly for, -er act when ti*.y, In turn, had to. "jua:
. frces - Aseriaa back into Lnbjaaka street..
AotILeli7. * suspioivi SA4 spy #s, 4Z flourish not 1*1s9 but
44
more,.. with,s- the walla. Of -the 901' thap outside. hlhind eVSZ7 Cher
-Dist ataads' saotbor *as; it.' not tiro, ohkisg. oa his loyalty. CoaW
se?queantl7, the inclLostiaa is to t~.ioh that the e,04e6t of this
iq l loss is nothing secs than another "heretofore rndisooverod
*MGM ? at 11.e poop.". This spizit of a ttusl saspioton sad internal
' fairer was saaa~ae-wi" tl1y explo tad.' Dy. `thee Jo aii-ess iat.lligoacet
act t ae *f say' CMkistNA -tsx*s for, the 4rsth pU41ti7?
mac) -s e7tiel? .deals fi L, O mast the. fit. politics
system.
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"'W
4ft 13 4M
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4. one of the most peculiar characteristics of tree JidYL lilt
in the Chapter on the av (Counter Intelligence jam Lai stration )
we shall cite the case of ? sueeosaful Provo cation a Lich resulted
in us massacre of Chesiate by Chekists thoaselvese
approxIletely esthete tLe au.;:ber of ` "Ca agentso but t1 are is no
V? ti.e rules of secrecy'". It is uiidorsteadable tr,;&t -nooady c&a welt
twelve years old" in vise of ''tLe danger that Cher will not obsa >:
d as s Beata of hKYL. ?t ere is ouly one restrictions tile, viar3ue3 104
recruiting "does not recce *ud W IS recxuitic , of a LL xen less tua
wad sob al boys. people writhout rer ,ard for sre(l sox, are recruit-
and mantes of concentration camps, scientists an aiaers, artistd
teals to convert tue oatiro, population of thl' boviet Union into a
gigantic network of its spies. Ministers *ad use raids, generals:
agents. From the outside it ssy appear that this mania of tale lid .:
relies not so such upon the quality, ?, upon the Quantity of its
fa its methods for utilisation of aseats. The boviet secret posies
ficie+et to Boy t" t ''sccordi to 'rogu.istio:is" tLe o3~:1aar'y ?')sco*
doubt that they n ber "sillioas, it 'uot teas of l'tio;ls. It is. std`
a ~~ t3 lriif:0a tits ceretare
house crust Lave the follooitag r uwber of
able to properly -ttaia agents. Ae will tt$art se;:>mretely ttae et as-
=ihe' expluartion of ttie rellanae upon, 'tat euentity o aa-sate
lies evidieatly in tLe iaaa'withiu tLe of vublili*4 ;del?s:uw.el
that if two people are chosen at rendop, on,-, of tnea Is a'''seksot"
that is, a secret *teat Of the XkV00
that In ttie :i,oviet IJz Lou it Is said, "if J oxi t y, Awl f earioa ?ly ?'.
the doora"t sno at least one atent per zE)rtrtsceatx~ it is no wwww
terietics of Bil'Y persocuiel, s1 orwi+a ,'the extremely Law Level of
Beans of endless vastiodiAg end special coaditiona of cor4finelea*
they resort either to beatings of the arrestees or to ext.austL?,
unable to cope with their tasks, wad is or4er to clear their caso;'
their general, ead even police. a uasttoh. itsesse pe0,kLe are- very oft
lso .ig live or sit tatsilits.
X) . This sppliao to the typical, .ioscos
tart.~ieAt, rriiich,
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Name -1d- ``""`
aocordiag to a ibssisn sayla6i the Cbsha sakes a virtue of
its shortcoaings, proclaiaiag that " the whole people aids the AM
In practise this sews that the Comunist$ and members of the r
.aol . ore toraally required to collaborate with taw as w* as lama
said a "Avery Comrades unit be a ChUist". *mm iaruited as
they ari told that this is tbatr party d*I'. TO W40 AM part,! poop
.wbo- rstuse sUch +erorh it is ,stated that Such seftasal shams that
S evidently "agsiast ? the Bonet Poaer~ r And if sole brave self
still rtfusi to beoou a trsitpr ~to tais rslatiTea and friends, t e
are directly pieced in the file of "ASb'' (notl-6olriet elite) SAC,
sooner or later repressedo
As a results there is crested a gi8autia net of saoset og
of all Nesbraciag types. This net carers, aitbont ixol ptisa, all
via$ institutions, begiaalag with the i'olitbaro it suding eitIA is
144vatory sttendaat$. Using, this acts the ,bLV~ '"keeps Chemist vigi-
lanceTM, that is, it. uses the daily reports of-its stliioaa of acs
for tue operation of its systems of prsventive terror. o1 . coarse,
value of tnese a assts, =ecruitsd, la laree ,rsrt under tcareats. is
not 'great enc. Uoar?'i kperieaced iatel Ligeace abeuey tl.sya cry -tbemsel
via, do coot - ~resatt susses aager. On t8M other t,aad, because of thew
o
t
x a
Pv
very abundance the bi1Y1} reaches its foal, so t? say,
site cad$ rraowing that ittV1 agents are every&xers sun seeing such
sa. agent in al*ost every ~irsos, the .oppoainta of t" bt)rlet a?
siayly fear to shoe say sotlrlty-, not to. s,t-i$A o#' c~rdaaising seas
ition 'the preventive nature of ' taoviet terror, in this ease,
4ppos ?
also plays its p iaent role io torbidu&as ..tan Very GoneeptJ40a
ideea of stsveSle against CaersvPisso
The gates uo+dor obieh the $ELVL' uses agents say be compare
.Options- of a ris$serwan whot having only bad nets, fills
-.etiwr ocean with them IA the L-pe ta$L- la. at least. one of tbas
d nausea s Mall-- flak &t sAat is iapasalole or as ,tisacuucUSn,
bb+aeols" sayable or rich he . sight- be, Ls possiolw for. t.
qpmmm~
SUN: taasass it : s'ec! its diapoisL en tinliait~d ads ?! ageal~
sa am at 557 *i$i t{$XU al o.t aql- Sot~tot Of i~ ~qte . i ages
aO i w~ hialli the Its crossk for Atitnisgl to sole liaitlag
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-been in operation for a logger period of t1. ?~e. iut there in
a~ae
ti,oz, and tb a enormous tatr4itiry of US boviet Ua j:M cad , it - has
c hie bers, and because hire' the ;gala. of priorl%i uadoubtedly.bel
to the sxv;~ - it has as its object Botch greater aadses of
popvlar- A~
no one can give the exact amber of *Am" victims of their torte
iacuisitioa or with the eitapoo as avoid this. e*p# rison because
no' intention to com.p-ere in this respect the 14VL with the faaoui
5. it is hardly necessary to remlAd Sat . the fact. that the
is not too cicwpualoua about its methods and actiad. de ha
has or sass character but-in far rice being trustwoctt y.
on
happy figure, is the real support of btalia's posh. This artpport
1IKm informer as a symbol of this period. 7a atb-r rends, tz..is "
sic. will undoubtedly take the figure of a aiserahle and ugbappy-
of Ns Vh agents. Future hiatorisn of the epoch of Go uaia in fibi
*cowntry of victorious socialise" retains outside this gldaatie ?`" -
the, y expkSnotioa why a certaia percentage of the population of t
their denunciations, and to iaatruct then, tbly in this tact 1
factor is the lack of USVL officials to direct the agents, rear
unbearable coaditI A4. is the pr mss, . to black rgi . hiseelf. Us
td,.b1'.. i oe4s but who fin! ' forcede is result of *e tort"
the has -invented - sosethitig .welch is swab. mom" than the cep
demnatian. of a Parma chose guilt wee sot. peeved, or who is ka*Wk
aulet?s the false accusations and incorrect .Bout decisions.
lot one aallty to" escape puniabgeat even tkuis os-inous.?the
hiaself, that it. is better to pugiah, ni*i i ooet-'t parsons than
Said forged cr-sea or, using- the NYYLi teManolop,- "activisaties.
of suspects" Certainly, oven the principle, laid down by .4+eoia
Here we have in aiad the artificial febrisaties of -aul;psit
r
e
e
ss a ores O i k4a 4
s sinister
acre . peculiarity in the methods or the 4VD which As& so premed
i t ti f * , A . ;.
ten in th
oat t
i
t,Ais sethod -is- Z4fbltula, &&t priietieally - Zb4r praw4,~ ies ii
- , rented- the ,**tad of pSronoe at app-. ` lwesa'lhy* the magi of
the ~ chief sethpd of erotic :.iit, UGL
'i : y tr?1iriZLos* this arir#1sd
pre"astion, , tbs" ZtTD ieald? hardly be tote:. to collect oven an.
cunt of the human rev material aeof"A for the disgusting seat
grinder is to* La-byanks sgMwee
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,+itbout a proper number of victims, tz.e -- LV1' aouid never
ccive its prestige of a "chastising sword" or "the body-gaerd of
Us. Mconquests of October", while %to Caexists Souls not be able to
*Noy their good lit., their nwati-ous orders and governmental rep-
wards, and all those numerous privileges which transform these
sea into tie Soviet elite. One must not forget th*t as a aerit of
work of every individual Chekist is tatty the *nueber of"enecaies"
be bas discoVered, revealed and punished is a certain period of
tics. If this number is big enough,- then tte. Chetlst is good,
his vigilance is t.igb, and )4s to a-lty to the case of Lenin-.;otalih;
is blameless. !hut if this number is small,- then tztifi Ctie.Kist bds
to forget any or.-.ere, promotions, is separate apartcreut, . or a car
tLia dream of every wdviet careerist. Just is the same way, every .a
cuief of en Adainistration or a local ordaa of the IAYU is eager
deaoustrate, by :,eat of a uu:aber of "coffins"x) that the "unit
trusted to him" is successfully Aalfiiling the Vrodrax of the pa -
ty mud the I&over gout,. and "is holding aloft the banwr of Gite.cist
vigil$ACf' .
it V?het to ~o it titer. &re no real spies, ?rotaetyites, as
*recicera? 't'hea', t4.ey are bait "activated", occordi,ctar, to a wonder-
r'ul :.t.cs,isL to . This weans that eeitaiu ,previously &arced victi:
ire beir:g pro"joked, with the help of Boa* special seats, to aaxe
some rem.. rks or to conduct some actiani, which cat. be interpretid
ter on as anti-:soviet owes. -then taking this into account, we
can definitely claim that at leant a half, or may no even three-
e,u-erters, of all the victims of the s&Yi? are compoeea o3 the vicat
of these - ,provoked "acttvisetiGUs"*
but as shall not blame here the Chekistu alone. is we sna nl
ate -from the chapter dealing with the activities of the ? "b.kU" -
'Secret -Political Administration of the ZILVI,, the entire worm of tb
W nch, in its sthugdl? against the "anti-i,arty deviations" and
s. ying 5v i t the aesbere of the xul 1 Oomounist pr-rty, is pre-
scribed by epeciol instructions of the eolAuro,. eht ailed thsvu
x -The Cheast term for, those doomed to execution.
1
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Ue Special Sector of the Central Com:aittee, or coal" from, btsl '
himself. These instructions normally prescribe to "activate" that
or the other "devistioa" **cording to Eotolin's political needs.
To-d-AY be decides to hit those art om ne consiues?s as guilty of trot
ky aim,, and the "bi1J" tLedistely "activates'`, tt :;,eaus of ,Iiovoc
tive conversations, leaflets etc., tone eoassua1ets .w are .A4rx1
for subsequsat "liquidation". To-~orro* he needs to "rsua61 hams
less" GLe former opponents of Vystsiuattt at the Institute for L>ov1d
hunt, ewd the Si U "aative.tea" -iae 44ac"im of r ar;1ruKa,:.ia'', that is
those voviet students !,f lex Who ret.sieteds a:iteui it.at "a.er
ew .-CO hats. the state in bouua to "die out"..
The ;~,oastrouo j. roces:,es oe;e is:st ziucviev, iia eaev, r.auec,
hu .si1n - all tt'.ese ire aizs;}rly. Lite extw;:lea of tA)8e cout:terfeit
,io it=
cases 1 t:ic2L :.tstliri nee.:s iu t,ie ox ~,ol1tiea1 ii a eats. Le exam,,'
of tL.is lad of force canes reps meant eli those au.~erous txs5gedith
eWon millions of 14ruiacaat people are bei:L6 beat to ti.e ::s:vL ce.,apkj
eisply because tt.e W'JSg .l -..?ecicec to -xis a ce1 ta1n= czagncI or Do
sore sumo ae,% ail 4el.is. roliu.Ni ~~teiin$ Lve,y i L t1oual c:La~ci e'
starts to 'fort_;e assailer counterfeit chutsti, to t " hIe o*a iatererstjj
riea K ows only too e+ell, that :iteliru trueta oaiy th se match-cogs
Which bite the greatest uumbet or by-yarsere.
6. 'Lastly, in our survey of aet4oas used Gy tt-e wUYL, is
their clumsy character. .?e halve ?libea4y syolCoa of tue lacet of
find, intell igent,.nd goon wor:cers that i:Y erne strorce tuxfed the
Cheka- Y3 into a torture ohs ber. hen ,we f isLu that the as.J on ty
of people fr I ling,. iatCi the r3&atis of the "44'V:. do to it as a reata.it
of stay sly or cell thought, out secret police combination, but be-
esuse of simple dCAu istioa coaeerain? their careless aords or se
time thicb might be. "iatetpreted as "sa.botate", t saka to the re- -
,porxs_ bf the ubiquIIois intorasati of the M Y, . ?f.ter fallira into
the ftsods of - the_- liUYD, a ssa, sootser or ie rtsr; .signs a poafessioh
agt-it~i, not as . s r?ault Of artful "tixust< vo*' of the iaV"Isigsstor but
as a rest et bsatisgs, torture,- -oost~cio4, p D OCatioa, proli,ses
s other aethdds,- is t larger part of =s phYsi681- aat*re.
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18 ,
If one were to open the doors of the gloom buildings
in the block between the Lubyeaka end 4asniteksya streets, one
souJA be convinced that the implements of torture m ich are to WIM-70
seen in a museum are no more than childrens play thiags, The A& W 7
has its own means of physical persuasion, made to its own specit ? 4
cations in its own work-shops. If to this method is added that tb.I
guiding principle of the 'NXVIJ is that every arrestee is an "olae0
of the people" whose guilt must only be"made official" and his ai~+
eomplices found, then it is not surprising that. a "false arrest"
in the U-4--R is almost ispoassible. hveats of any asks escaping wit$ .
aaa laconic document of "releases' by the Z4KYL" can be cbunteo ono -
fingers. Qutside tame walls of the aXYLL everyone swes.re, of tics lot ?'
erid devotion to ;Malin. Inside these walls Avery oue confesses to
his "criminal plots" egeinst :Malin
much is the system of the Z oviat terror, the flesh " bog
of t e Cou 41st system.
she Aea of the i4'ii;
iithou executioners ore necessary-at all times ano to all
re iu es, tte profession has never beer c04sictered ;wartidularly ao
norable. however, the t16.1+ t-es in thin Las its o*a word, for t b*
i'ix~st oremniaer of, the Communistic torture-at.mabea, leader of the
soviet bengmea'Cbekists, Felix LJershius*y, was called oven in his
lifetime ''Kaleht of the proletarian revolution", mad.Lenin and -t
lin directed their most flattering epitaphs to the z.o, fists. hers
eye a few examples $
?'Chekists - threat to the world bourgeoisie", "nigbest and
.$itst sons of the revolution", "sic higher or more honorable name
thea that of . a GL U.ist"U4ni~l,), ''Gheacists - bodyhuerd of 6ocioli
i' lrO$ , and. 64rs .opt' the , anal so forth.
Not 6417 aboag Cosnitmists themseIves, but l among all. t40'
ers
people them iw, ' carried on the. Unintrrupted wok of praiing th*
*difficult but noble pr6feslioa of the Cher-d.d st" (4talia), set tin
up the Chekiat, as an ideal for other workers, as an "example of
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I
ty work of espionage and treschu7. ,given in fibs -el3Xildren's read
heat en, but also to incite the people to help tam in their der :
the eathusie of. the people toward the praise sad love Wtheir
aasaas of literature, the object of which is act oai.y to direct
sail-secrifice cad bravery". Ia the Soviet Uniec there are
-bates to tbi srsi.S Vies of the' ,fd - ro llo ?iAd "M s
more#. since Lenin GOT* such s d.ti4ition of morals "the basis
of covsuni$tie corals. is the stile for tbs. strsz dths*in and
1f31a-eat of -'06iftuaim":
'fit 'Chia- defiraitioa w~au.titor oaaiplsted, by b" alia tpw s
"7roa the viewpoint 'of eataaoist dos! is, ihat- is sbra1 which Goa
rises east did not .disturb 1?Jershinso
&XLd his successors. All tip
though the word 'Okoral" is defaitely, , out of ,loco In this instM64
lection of files Of conduct, a aodez ' ?f corals, so to speak. &L
started an the writing of special "Chexist vtatus", that is, a so
obviously borrowed his idea frog Ignatius 4yola* not low before'
his strangely sudoea death in 16, : LJsrahiaslyr 'even oruered woe; c
ijershias$y, a koio by birta, aaci as it Lappens, a Cat Aolib
alaost isoletiAg themselves from life. '
by Lee soviet refine as a badge of the coat honorable Gprotessis
in the aviet Union. the Cheitista coal tt a waives Ghezists, cad
for the aost outsteudlag ol thaw there heis even ben established
is special emblem "cionoreble Chariot",.. a word,. surreu.Wod by a
laurel mieeth, rnouated on a rhomboid..vJerZt:i:1sr.Cy as possesed
Witb the idea of creating- out of his _ aeactnea a sort of closed
fear aezd caution by ?tue aw, Oa tgo strest, .was accepted arrogerntlj
..he libelous c.eslE.A&tioa ' CZ:et t" aLich is proaou ced ei
ate., alt-, tee help of Which the Coasuaieta .are potaouing the
grog iageuaz anon.
Kirov, cad Berie are "beloved" heroes of cbiluran'a textbooks,
~
ruction by the "liqutoeting of all of its eneisiea". aJershina 1,
and preibe for their activities, which are aiding socialist cone'
cute finds descriptions of the "brave deeds" of various Chakists
of the new, socialist order". Consequently, the fell owe trod
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t a Ccist aunt fortf~rir~ toraeat, aril
th
.the .first- place is 'Chekist ethics" stand. tM idea of devotion
of Communist teals" . Mao $0 they babble sbourt Cheater ethics. ZA'
I ab7Mks Street consider th$aSlves as same out of "htskhamevite*
aer of otalzn, Yalu $ d his alossst col iaboraSgss, --Mont w
proe~lsiaeti "s,neeies of the ;,eople"? It is s ktblsa''tact that b7 4WWq
n-Otwithstsoding the feet that tosor"W &W' Old ` "! D7 algbt deed
a
the Party. Ihi~ Means
moody *hoe the Forty considers or might 0 "or on wmT ?
not by ordinary benchasa of the AJL.VD, but by thatZ closest subo
..,..~ ~ i i nf the adabers of the Colletiut of Us XCVD, were shot
rurtber? t~_e: G3iexiot "etAics" speak about .tbe coos its
bps vj6jlaat and "uadefstigueb uncover &ud CI estroy t2 a eaesies
the people". if we substitute thb word -"prmrent4VCM S" for the we
"wie ilpace" then the 4uestioo will become. clearo a, classic essa . F
r ' his. bra "? After, t".. **Oft the uatoi tssati a 0-446-t
tslnr+ is the second plant - added r~gsaoViab - , iarest gate %b
eroric.'- his duty vas to supply the nines with dri tiag mater $v1
subway section. "La- the first ,pleas be was -Aedlit;eat toward his
et,Sd., gM,t K.,50Vl4h ordered the. arrest also or the abief of tb*
retported to tte,ginovioh, 'tt+a t, the otfecu*era ".&* Already ark
eel T-t.e next day was- .tlooded. L aheut rupre$eata-tive of the
to turn off tLa tauset. * As a result of this, a suction of the 4644:
.art
iir. tLeee. bliviAR?. left t y failed
literate pveeente, tether ,Aa son j st rz`riveo from the eouavjj
of trhei suk~+~ !,w Ao co"N. At one of tae to "618 trio 0grders, a *t-
of the lolitt uro v Lazar r anorich, aei vied Ut hurt time as tae
right hand of..cttslia, "uncovered the eamourl&ged anemias of the
people".
In the late thirties, Ka ;anovich surervise@ * tame cuastruct
of vidilaoce, depicted in all Ch.Ylet -textbooks, is how a sesoir
Wis it was Made rather e?q; to . t coatlusie?t agouti we
t h a t t the mist he was ss- Wieser".sf tb tsarist _
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" t cosraptibUity". else has, to raao$nisa,, that, as s rule, is sit-
stones or gold (end this occurs rarely in the Up,: ), this does ao l
tins. lA those few oasese however, wban the vieti;as have valuable
reasap $ the Cbs]Eists are such better off materially than their VWI
UYD this repuisitr is respected. Nut this is because of the siaplS
produce an impression oa the Chekists wealth in the )o'i?t social !"
In this case Berea.' mss. least of all led by the, feeling of
hwasiuty : to be. huaan aeons to be a poor t;o mLnist. The reason
most crazed subordinates of jezhovs "one +ceu et c; cvau must belt,
but it is -not necessary tv beet every one".
ple'ced tLe crazed Xoshov, era a s; aci&l order pouted out tb the ai
their "ethics of zereiies&,reas". ao, for exaapie?, iseria, haYieg; r
of wort of the Soviet sacral police. on the co+atrary, moattimos t"'"
isaGers have to ask tho t;hexi$ta 4Qt t,o b? so ewer etic in
folio
*e have already a?atiota?cl t-hia, while speaking
about- the sot?odS;
kiR. t ethics" does not present in practice s4 sort of difficult
toward the enemy. As in the above crane, this priaci )l* of the "Gh+ 4
presented to tree Chekist. This requiremeat is - to be merciless
fully for - the force 'of power.
It is necessary to aote' still aaotber rejsuiieareat which
plays sa insignificant roie - the power ot, aoaey the#:e is exch44441114
because oA" the amthoda of quastiosUg ok the ' "Iron l'sopJ.e's Coast, ' -
clearly innocent of the crises, to shi" they "d ~aoafessad on.117
was simply that the prisons of the N4 VD wee a filled with ?ictias
the wild terror during the time of 'Yskhov. "I tt eee people wane
$qW". A special eoani.sion rs-exeatued -%heris cases, a is not deal
Flag to set. free .the rita+tsset .bo bath, seas the horror, gave 10
Proclaimed so- as QG ot; tbe yeppl~ ), . or. tbit-fi thq veers
ft"Y
sart;s, #L t ttifr war~tsd to ui3l , ielsbo~r hlssoalf k 8t ? that, Use sl
t&WIS6 troy -then .d=jag tbe dUq ot; ies~3a-v. 4ey rt atoll, for
Use a acspsretively light punishaent - such oa bez isi-a at to t! .
Umber euttiag to the extreme north. however, the b*atea, tort ?.
almost ;bsasy.p*ople.fira1.~- held to th.*ir pralioua Coates' io , .,.
As r gards tor the third demand of the ' heXist ethics", is
spf Qr.: :for tsar low no& -+ratie'tent st*ts . *sttia- iU+dgrr
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~ s
ordinary
othez' of course, under the pretense of kijpocritical praise tii re=
11
cords to "our glorious Coexists". !berefore, uau,aally: they stoop ..
.teries, the very word SKYD brougt-t `fear; carefully acreeaed frog
among the very highest circles of the :soviet State sad rsrty digi?
'tot only among siarie people, but also aesoug the Communists,
uniform of the CLekist is equal to the master xey' of a thief - to
thin man, with the criason braid on bin colter a with a blue toy
aaa crews is orcer to cry to gain the favor of the Gbexists, lht
oa t is list, ,ere available all of the hoods of the asee e,*t iovlet
lifes a room is the hotel, a berth on the train, a. ticket to the
srb1treI.e c1CL 8, t:1.0 "L.be3. s 01 tt:e +LVL+ feel ti,e:wse1' oss tiri-e'o4e.
The se=cret ehtirectcr of tk4e pork, couj)le a -vita cell isolation in
private life tern a Ovule tLe Cllc4ista five iu LCZA ee ~)f the a
IL is z:ot a it c?-.11c:. ti:,:is of cc.:ii it
but strictly observed laws the :enVii is rAbove tLe- 4.jb*, tr.e i VL is
sutLoriced to do ea it ;1t'ite a because it lu tz,e I6rV afro creates
t1~e? i e:~+sio
country, i.:: i; ict. lt.qa cxist ox: ,:eper, ttleu'e ib oii*e, unwritten
e ainat to CLes~icleta - is a ttsiu~g vntt,la~.scle iu tt a ~~.. is a
:soviet mortelt. it roils witt:out se;;ine tLiat to hriaLi: a suit in coin
theater etc., - egad sill this Aitiuout c uee ng, thisa 'pledue of sispl*.
fro. tbo very first 'days of thi Soviet poimer tb.is a ueatien began i~
Lastly, we must nobs tbu uat ouai can,'JAtion of the Che+ci
has any relation to the "orbnns"x) or not. in ey ' the riot ?>uly by
,oonversetion, but by nib behaviour, eves by ap ezsrvucs.
area. The expo; fenced .ye C04 uam st.KBialy eusec wLetLier -a strwir;*r
rel?sxation tud lest, sad last taut not least t ,ii om.. ao:urta.
rsll this, takc(TL tobet1:C1'9 e-, sse1usily x a sr S.eCial ty!A
have tLeir own mode o1' sift, their better aui,lly, their 4)isceb l
-sira.ilbr to the ft'te:7'l_Ci6G:113 In hail e)ccui ttion Lv::a o: *_QZ-,,tanyi t..
ire >,~ecfel ci,^.:,rvte sr,;az`1Me;st8), le,. Lo they zur ;. su a uIi!!
'
ra pHrticuter ci".:.c 1 c. ate. In their on coiuit1?y, ti.e : t,er iz;ts lire
ned that, e e the `_ le ders of Bolshevism, also the - ae gs eat of the
p k7 an'' iaportent PoLe in tree in .rnai politics. it suwt be explai
AnI4
IQ ttke Chexist slang
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sestral Soviet las$i" Mittens,, inaludlog the- Chaka'-Q(MU =, in
Mw asjort1y of eases were people of non-Massisn exlO*e this
fast was particul,arly- apparent during the yaws IC 1110t I*OderakJa
Of Zai!oas.. it is VS11 ]MOM twat aurLog tlsis bale Caere toot
place the cruel reprisals against the JAiasisa- peasants - (ligriiao
tier of the "liners")q to th.VWs qes of the popnlatioa,sifll
sad its we* acquired a definite stgnitlsasae.
MO pietu" absM40d radUally after htali& li&itated tb4
eppositier4 the lgdrs of attloh, basically, were of non-issias
oritias The place of 18go4s and his companion in the 1LVb was as
onpted by now people, whose *cceptaace depinded largely upon th&*+ '
sonditionss they had to be, if Yossibl., of Mien aationalityr
they had to come from the inferior regions of the baviet Unrioi
"d ttua were to have neither relatives nor close &c aintaw-ees
XrW-
abroad. This was a tribute to the spy fever which gripped the
lia in the idle thirties. Qua of the - first rea<s of this do
livery of the "avenging sword of the proletariat" into t;ae --
of people "frog .behind the plow",- the 4oviet exq;essioa as'animg
sample sad, poorly educated people, with a low aeatal developmals'A
but to the bitter and devoted to the Case or .60AjA-jtxjjn*, was:
a ai nifieeat lowering of the effeotirreaess of the.mKVDo
Haying lost its experieooed a sAts and investigators, tit
11KVD was forced - to use he soot priaitiv* nethads of a provincial
pollee est$blit. There began a period, whom the entire task
of the MXYD was, ach ev a1s by beotipg prl,soners.. Wosaerly,
t was Joined "by oallia$", that 'is, by those eho had a testa
for bestiali,sadistii blood shod. *ow people Joined the AM as a..
rdsitlt of "tsrtcy *ebilisatio4", i.e. at the directive of the Fat. :
It is not a urpriaieg, that 4&Q7 of than proved to be absolutely
tit fir .the "apoaifis" work of the XXVL0 onie of the- otters of t
D" s dtioae with tMigahtiah, for the + eatilar of other, t
apt, 1$ - bs !t ahUietse' ?k v1*g it Oqui iatod. kinesit w1
Muir dlmmelatisa rf, a - forssr larofskytt , 441 44 his Sato his 'o!
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acrd began to aditonish his a "it is not good to eageg? in anti
kerty propaganda, Comrade i'., didn't you, in the old dyrs, sign',
an oath to be loyal to the Party?"
Only by slow stages could the 410 re-?s'tablish a cadre O.
qualified a6eata, spies, and technicians of secret work. J ow?ver
the war with Germany once sore found the- bovieb secret ejpolloa in
d state of complete disorganisation. This, ea;)lains such 'bungling
methods in the figbt against the (ieras espionage as -the aholes+~1 '
arri'at or all ,)eoplo with "Gezaaa aamos", or the baaiabaent to
:..ladle ?aie of the entire population of the ::utouomous verm&A Vol"
ttepuolLc. `hey did not .no+' Low to 1'erret out.the. actual .sheets,
sad besi"ea, trey din riot weut to be botkezea with "trifles".
.l.uare is reason to be.li*ve that only by ttp vets sn4 of U*-,'
x ._.wrru tLe NrV . able to conduct soae" iimited.oetivity in Gera
torritory. !his can be seen, for instance, in the sttemxted oia&-
:r lr.etion of Jecietal Vlo.esov in 1yw4. hveu ttiosa agents who were
rruccets.lally iu1'ilt' tad into saber Countries hiere very poorly
ii.iiea. Qo, notwit3,ata:lding the biot4deut co--or.er*tion, : X irh gas
ae,:urded to tr.e 03viet repatriation missions i s the 'tilreetern zoaw
of 4CCAAAy gad Austria, trtie. ae j ority of tr4? anti- o1viet elements
b3d oe ; erters from tt a Soviet Union b.svo successfully oecrsted-
tkearxelveo, either withixa 'tee masses of y.r's or * i t.hin tk,e ts?Ii
ecouos y. It must be believed ULiit the wearwess of t:teir own cadr
until nor as compelled the :ilCtiZ- -~it- to run the risk of s' wider
use of local-fifth column aeabers in.t?e "c$pitsiistie" couatrieo . 41
' - ?? . ? S ..
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t1A1'Yiit II
H TOhZ Of MA M
Luring the three decades of its existence, the apparatus
of tc,e boviet secret police expo ieaeed a whole 844106 of re-oz a-
uisationsiand even changed its name five tines. This tact did not
by one Lots change the essence of Stalin's secreu pOLL0e, ona of
the principal awns to organise the world.. via. Goslsuni st revolutioa.
The foilo+sir1s is a $Qrt ttetory of tr~abit y'y
Un December 2U, 1917, just too months after the October re-
volution in Aussie, ttie Council of People's Goamissers of the [ rda
created the "All-Russian ctrsordinary CoamLssion for the fight
against counter-revolution, sabotage, and speculation". This agency
after the aurder of the chairman of the. zetr0gred vbeits AlXAail
(noise) Uritsky and an attempt on the life of -uo~ia.
From this tine on the functions of tuts oloody iastruuoent-
of the 80ifpheviK dictatorship more clearly detezained, o-o, for
instance, in the precaution of tt:e ietrograd .,oviet on the occa-
sion of the attempt upon the life of Lenin, it *&a molds "For the
murder of Comrade Uritsky, and for the attempt u1 on the life of
the leader of the world revolutiaY, Comrade kin, the proletariat
will answer tie rotten bourgeoisie with death clogs. Blot with as
eye for an eye, but with a thousand eyes for ow. A thousand lives
of the bourgeoisie for the life of our leader. iooug live the mod
Terrorl"
The total had Terror *us begun by the 'he a iu august, 11189
eaa ordinarily celled, in abbreviation, Cr,.c.. anti tuerefore r*-
ceivbd, sating the -oople, the oollocuiel daeiirtion "Cheka" or
''Chreavichsika". the first chairni n of the all-t.uss iaa Cheks *as
the swove mentioned Felix L jers2,ir~?k apt Ahose iuatit;e,tion the
Commission wan created.
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-a a* me 7w
La" tbms doliaealod the seal of the C1 eke $ "1'1ae oaly sq
for tdo liberation of the assess Use in the ti as of em-
ploiters. That is the teak of the Ghekaeo
Thai executive of DJeralziaaky in the Choka, one of the most
bloo4 haasba of Vase Massie people, a Latviaq, Latais,- was still
more franks "mss stale is allso of life sad. death. It yw do not
kill, you will be killed. Therefore kill, that you may not be ki11M1
s"heer" of its sstli ttSome 'ire Choke was "4 004 to 014% aely wiMbw
is the eoaatry, - whUo Ike Of, !'Staff the w 08 0% hip sate~stobM
act its $u&tasha bgead ms `szhus Of 166 fits..
tasks of Us JU nat* to Nsi>A us Card. ay euto:aati,.?
telephone exc..ange the . kYb headquarters in a-oe-cow may be i esahned
by setting up "+(-b" or "O-4". the b4VD telephone uet uric is &* if-
providing and does not depend on the city. .fesiaes all the iesdsrs
of central ;overamental iustltuttons have a direct line con-iecta.ng
them with the UVD. .:o, for exasple, in .ta.lin' a secs uteriat an
SKYL telephone apparatus has been installed berz Lx the n:aber
3?-01, but for his conversations with the r'eople's E:oaraissar ?n
other prominent NKVD officials Stalin uses normally the Kremlin
automatic telephone ercahange, the so-celled "whirligig". la to the
tolegrapb j connection, the i,iVL scads ciphered telegrams asing t : s
general line, but they are given in a special roue reserved for
governmental correspondence. the workers of this depertaent are
MKTD men, but for the sake of conspiracy are on the payroll of the
ministry of Cemaunioatio s. Tslegrass, sent by the blei.YL, are
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forwarded as goversseatal ones, asosrdisg to the series ".eV.
to the radio oosnestics, sore details Will be giVea is the "so-
tor dealing with the 2sd Special vivlsios of the 1KVU.
In conclusion we have to aeatios the MKV arshiies wborf
"eases" of all poroons,' "`'dos the WD Use alrvs4 evendid
that ortther foss, are kept ( persons whose tuna has not yet
come are registered with the lot bpecial LiVisioa). it-sse arch .-
vos are used for rsf?rees?, which asj be oecae$ary is connection
with the inquest of some new case, acrd are situates in the o?l .ar
of House 2 in Lub j aaka (old building). It iaol u d,es the so-called
reedieg-roof where the MALVU officials may sot acquainted Witt
the oases, but for this purpose they must get persisaion from
such a proaiaent eorger as chief of the branch, sometimes eves
from the division chief. The Yoroiga division has its ova arch vas
which aay not be used by employees of other :rrw.YL agoacies.
~~ Chief , &A!trkLM ot. ; b22uriIX
8_ the lPiseres_ YQ 7
The ..mf AdaLalatrattae of #it-ata 6eouritp (GrU(b JIM ;;wit)
is the essential aoA'nest iapestost agony of the onorrous system
of Soviet political tag" Ire that has so aa. raaitieatioas.
Seri atl7 spea*iag, the MM or At is the Chief Adaaini strati as of
Mato security as swnh, for all other links of the XXV ys$es
er "organs", if w we the Cho*ist slaaag, ,ply Mly an .vzUia -y
part. the 0shastiaia4 sword" is the (MJUL just this chief hdit t ni.
stratus of State S?surity is aespomaible for Gisoovor7, isolation
sot Ugtiidaties of real award laa$t a r *enosios of the people",
seal sad eepeoisllJ potential aratepaiste of Ceos*aiss are its di.
etstecisl l*adersaia. the CHG* ?hiot is aleye the list yepilt,y
of the lwrpl? e a Caaaiaaas SOX Iateraal Affairs. After the war,
the Chief Adainistratios Of State Secured was tso $tossed Late
aft is+depoodast olai$117 of State Security as we have sireMJ soar
fuse above.
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The general structure of this arbaiaistrotioa did dot Sut-
ter nay considerable ahsagea since the tine of the JQAJ, and it
was accepted by the now risistry opproxinataly La the ~ sae shape.
Anyhow, one has to consider, that, though the structure was pre-
served, the suseratisa of sons divisioao was cba,pgsd in the cone
as of tiase, and by the and of the thirties soot of the GUtib di-
visions were reaaaed as adaiaistrations, though the AAVD ash
continued to call these adaisistratious divisionse finis circunw-
stance creates certain difficulties at the ciUsifiestioar of the
4UQB structure. Therefore the authors drag the attention of to a
readers at the possibility of sues errors and iuseauratioas in
this res,?eet.
As for as *e Could tine out, at tape +iroaiult of traaistarsiug
divisions into adaiaristrotion.s (apj,rosisatsiy bes,inuiad ai" trr?
year 1-j)7) ti.. v a8 hrod the tollo-.irad structure i
' at Qpecisi LJivisioz - ar couter o: astitistical operative
recording of anti--tiwviet slf aeuts
(b::ak) a.4 WZ-cW "Gatat
.;yecial ?.ivisioa - a canter of oyerative technics:
1 St ::ivision - pL'0tectioa of ta.6 10eUel?a errs of the rirekallni
end - c ouater-inteli igen?e l KXj) ;
3rd - econasic ("O) i
4th secret political (z"u)i
yth " - 00s0bi7 Jtdel" (tx)) - spy eol'K iu the Araay i
6th " - transport (TO) i
7th - foreign ("O) j
8th prisons and ;daces 01' deteinaeut
inquest Office of the t+U++M
In the course of expansion and re-orgaoi&atioo of the YYVV
eystea, such divisions as counter-iatelligenea, ecuuoaie, seerst-
political, foreign s" transport ware reasaed into adsiinistrat.ioas
aaaa their staff woo correspondingly enlarged. The authors of trzis
work hav* no iafomatioa available as to the troustorsatioa of
tae "UWobiy Jtdsl" into an adalaistratioa, thout taste and
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-053-
functions of this division ".seosodatiag" the Anq sad the oavy
immensely increased for the last 10-15 years. furrti,er, both in
the text and in the albus of scheaatio diagreas the following
denosination will be used for the GUG central agencies s
0ouater-Intel 11gence administration (ULU), ?aoaoais sGainiatrf-
stration (i[U ), #~ecret-~olitiasl adaLnistratios (.kV), foreign
adaini ?trstiom (M)sad transport adat*istrsti oa (W ), bat the
term dvocial Division ("1lsobiy Utdel" or "00") will not be cuan*-
gesf. To complete the picture, the aocoaudsting agencies such as
haLnteasnca ,&dai.nistratton sad 'inaneial Administration, *lth
their braactaes, are shown on the diagrsas, but no analysts of
their work will be sade as they have no essential aeautag for
tt.e understanding of ehtracteriatie features of the Mi&Vii, and
their gtz.?ucture, upon the whole, is following ttsj sacs pattern
as - In all the other People's i.umisaariats of tx. 114Qr+t.
kith the exception of the first a. the second . eeial u
visions anc: of the i st Livision of the Wtih, tue uuae.rstion of
divisions and administrations will not be mentionea either in
the text or in the album of diagrams, as the A1t11i? ?`recuently
"S"w"an the a-ua-eration for the sake of conspiracy, sa it was
arntioo.ed bet _ re. The last obb"e in the numeration was rode oar
tt..e trausfora vtion of tie G:,vtl into tLe M+ . As a result of ttis
?buve mentioned facts, different aaterials which were mane svsal-
able to the authors, were often of oautx?oversial nature. "cord-
ing to one information, the bIcretri'olitical administration &nlah
fosserly had amber 4, reserved in the hub Us name of the 3rd
adaiaistrstiaa. - Another source- in.-.icotea that the title of the
3rd adalaistration was reserved for the Counter-Lntellideuee ad-
miaistratioas, which was formerly salmi the 2nd administratioa.
,ipproxlaotely the sage picture aaj be observed in the cases of
the foreign and Moosaic aaaiaiatrationa. Under such cireum?taixoes
the applying of numeration of .4siui.trotiona would only lead vo
aisunderstandiags a" disorientation of the res"er.
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The authors are fully sears of the fact that the giving up
of the use of numbers for demo..tastiA divisions and acaiListre-
tioss, will be a serio" deisct of this work, espeolsl.:,j as, ap--
proximately.since 19379 all AivisiOns and sdaLztstrstions of the
pUYD-*GB are usually dent ,ted O&1j by numbers is the whole of-
ficial Correspondence for the salve of conspiracy. in the certi-
ficates of the UKVD offieisls the case or the division wha: n the.
e-re working, is serer given.
The general features of the structure of adairaistrations
that were part of the CiUWb, were not changed in the last tiZtess
years; the edsinistretions of the dub are based upon almost the
snare scheme that was made out for the corresAarifg divisions of
the rXIJ. Me difference lies only in the scale, 1.e0 ttie odai-
nistrstians of the AGR are more cunberAome *Ad have aarxy acre earr-
loyces than the OGtU d ivi scions. 3sut tLe xaus"r of people on staff
is not cor-stent in that or another admii*J trution. iuoL staff say
be either iucrse:.sd or dlminiabed oei>ead-iLrg ova tt.e fsct, wt.ich
adaiaietretioa has tie lsx;,ost 01t-10n or 4ork at t.~a y-rsswnt 1ko-
sent, or, according to tbre pictureac;ue ej,ps.e$ioa Of Yse,oda, Wars
tLqa '"Uk'4i Lod" is Lasted, i.e. the teri uurieetioa of " l?ictk ;, crt Ji
the .,oviet population is more important fro* toe p>oiut of site
of the i-olitbiu.o st s certain tins. .0 for example, Cux .L the
first Five-jeer plan bud collectivisation the resicwxe of this
MapU yod" was the iconoaia division, after the surder of &-irov
he aoved to the c>*OIet-j?olitLeal division, bsforo Lc.e war r.is
senCe wee distinctly felt irk the koreigA atimiai*tratiora# but dua-ing
the war he aoved again to the "s'sobiy del" and to the C oucater'-'
lntelligeuae edaini*trot IDA, 10 such Cases , sow of the ,.erson-,
eel of odaiaistr0ia0s and divisions less im,,or~tsnt et t:1& ve-
riod of tine, are transferred to that edrinistration on which tale
particular at%*Qtios of the i-olitburo is co:aceratreted at the ao
sent.
In special asses aspirate ea4inistratio+as nay be temporari-
ly joined in order to fulfil this or anotL&r s+wcial tanx set b)
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Us Politburo, but the strasture of ssoa rersiLas uaChaugeel lca tt~e
principal featurese bog for exasyie, t-urix-g the was a special eh-
ainistration "t;11MMU" ("t ert, sbpioas " - aeat.h to spies) was
for.sd. asuy foreign obseivars eironeously tour this ad,"Astre-?
Rion for the CounterIatelligeace aGa aistrstion of he nett txa
uanerol staff. La realiti It was only a union of the "Osobij 4y..
del" with the Counter-iatel,ligense actaiolatrstioa of the AXYI
u4der the general direction of the Leputy keople' a Cea*lsasr of
the :%KYJ aad Chlet of the "Osobiy :)tael", Ceaeral-4 olouei V.C.
Aba,cuaov ..ho dui irk tine war Was diieCtly subordinated to ?~taiia~.
as i'eoplee's Coasiabar for ud euce. lIeosuso of t41s, a Miatace a"s
asas abroad i.. Ooaaecti the ".*4JUt4b" witL t;,e treueral c tsfi of
tae aed I:r,%y. 1:fter tt:Ns resi ,uetiaa of btaLiu of Lis i'uuutioas
of aeo,,1e16 Coeurioser for 1~aience, '66AAawb" *+,s L uidateu sad
the ads Lnistrut:ona of tie i+NVD know dab), out of ai,icL it wes
formed, resumed their ,.,revlous structuY a with Duly sofas aiaor
cta aU? SM.
for the i,er?lod usslt *ltiti la this work Lt,e j6o-
aex-ai atructure of U A 6u%oo A4VI, of tb* *fls as 10110w8e (--cte
tt.a :iagr" No I) -
1st :,peaisl livisioa - aehistretloa of fteuts *ad o?vreti"ee
reaordia Of sati-ODvist eldaeatsi
tad ;6pecial Division - Uperatiye technics;
1st Division - protection Of 100001-8 &"a Of the &rlmllul
f)etll - Counter-Intelligence adalnistr.tiOa /ruraeer
sioa)i
SW - Searet-a'olltical administration lfozser 4th or 3rd
bivisio+a) i
"U - ?coaaais adsinistrstion (loraer and or nth Livisloa)+
00 - "Jsobiy Ot el" or bi ocial 1Livislon k1'oraer >th &,iv. $ e
aar sill sii0? la the had A uy i
TU - Transport adsinistrstion (loser Lath bivision)i
IOU - Foreign ad?iaistrstioa (former 'rth L' ivisiau) t
adaiaistrstioa of prisons and glacea of retsution - (forasr
8th Divisiiu )
Laguost Divisiaa - (former inquest )flice) t
4 '
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a ill/ ti f
The gutthors Warr their readers i isf cos turind the Tx-i apart
ad l ustrotioa of fire GUGB (' T porticos upravlsnie Goa m1CVri
9SOR) with the baiaistration of highwys of SLO AM (0t4av*609-
dor W LLD 66820)9 which will be saiaidered in the later aboaterm
of this work. The first of these adaioistratioaa is oaaeerred Frith
maiAta,laiag of State Becusitf rdlss oD the rail ,read 04 water
trsneport, chile the secoad oas controls t h@ it. roads ca4 ahigu-
ways es the NKVV wperriaes them also from date tecnnis.1 point
of view.
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~ %7 4W
CA&= M1
ZU LM Mahlb k 1 Ll.
or UZ given $L U
in the people's Coatiaseriat (am ttiaistrj) as such, as well
La all dorritorial agaacies, it consists Duly of two sectorsi
UiMM go b
The tesreristis ativity of Sao MUD inside the Soviet Union
is based upon the registration and classifiastidor of two eleseats
of the 3ovtet population 1 1) XOD agsuts. 2). Us so-walled sati-
ori?t elssoat (0A81 " - woos ding to the SOD abbreviation).
The first tors of reoordiog is called the .teat-sat rs i
stratLos ("uchtt s entux7"), the second sat - the operative re-
giatering ("operuobet"). The recording of &Seats sad "lAae is
the concern of the lot Special Division of the iji44b aILVD, Mh-ose
abdivisioas or branches are to be iouad La all territorial ageam.
ales of the SKY;. its work of the 1st tipec Lal L i vision of the
GUGB is closely coi ctod with the Ceatral Archives of toe Wks
iere all the asses that have been dealt with by the eIoviet pa-,
aitivo organs since the time of Cheka say be found on the fileaw.
Bat the eorr of the Control Archives is riot doubled by the lot
bpcial Livisioa, as the aria task of the latter is the service
to the operative organs of the YYYD Ln their ogrreat work.
The structure of the let 4pecial Division is very siayie.
1) ksoordiog of sgaats, 2) kscordiag of anti-r+ovi et element " 'A".
These sectors may be eoasidercd as indepesaeut divisions Fwd s?-e
sabdividad into sections or branches, sec or&La to t" charaetor
of the coatiagent of the population that is bsioj registfred or
is subject to mob a registration. Derides, La both sectors tyre
ss"e atatistiesl sections tiwt have to dal only with general sr
beers general sarsber of .goats asaordiag to different as ?'
Sure., auab of "Ai" etc.
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fl. "Opsrative-atatlstissl" sestias of the secasd seetor
systesatisos the tihuros sseordio to the ssnmary (".vodka")
oaapilod by all local operative asesaies of the UYL about the
"polltiesl-.oral" fr_o of recd of the populatia and about Ilse
rssstioa to these or other events inside the U* a" abroad. It
no psrtisulsr events toot pies., the *operative-statiOleal" seo-
tioa only gstwstisss the baler sal aeries of the oporativ+e
rites, and on their bests soopiles reviews for the rbole ter-
ritory of the USSR and then tams to other, problesas for laatsnse,
so piles a .wary based oa the reports of the local agescisa of
XJ about the anti-Soviet opiates.., expressed by the forcer asian
ssisraats ^ho had returned to the UL". a selection out of these
sums-rise is r.Kularly forwarded to the Central Corittee of the
Cossusist Party for the taforsation of correspoa4in party or4sas.
~)Ir ArIYA Y V&DINk
Jperative recording or time so-called special roooraias ar
the aiati-4ovi,et element is the aoacsz of the 2wa -octor of the
lot bpscial Division GUG3 YKYI) Ubbid. Its tentacles eabimme'a huge
nuabor or the :.soviet ai ti sons and it is basso on the individual
card of special record, that is oa the file for every W*rsoa who
is under suspioios of the M[YD.
all persons,rsiistered with &AWD, are dlvidea into catege-
ries, or, using the ILYD t.alaelOa, have their "tints". The sor-
respoedin9 e0e9o17 Or ''tint" is entered On the redistratioa sera
of the recorded persons so, the resistretioa card of a person.
she sees to relate political wits is served by letters "ail, *t
i& tae seraer - it sews that the "fiat" of this person is - "aJi"-
asti-hovist. Tie, wabor of these sats(orisa or '' tta$s" 18
post. The beats *see are, I
At - sate-dolt a Ullll let i
a - "bi*ir" - "chile" (tosser participants of the sblUo
vwM 10 19 "1 T-1 1) !
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+ t1 L* + s' $. ' is sets.ry sespr s
sabers of tosses p"ins" parties is the psr-aevv-
1rti4&Stt sassis. !de party webers tp is i dissted
b plot"" after this "tint" Soso sdaitimsl letters
p, epwr!, OR 0&wr -gill demot I& the first es00
tom "Nsasbevilc", in the seeoerd -tosses "Isere
imw iali st-ROVOluISLCS5s7 .
f k - Couatsr u r?vol~atioSact I
T~ - "tserlcoval]c" + a ass oonaeo ted is soar m sp 6L U the
ohm"&. "sides priests, this group aosprises all
believers abo or* active is their rsligisus aomua. -
t i es vie is otiuroh aat tars. the aoo tar l wsa (di saen-
tors) sacs not recorded under the "tint" Tii, for tbwq
ara foztaiAg s siparate group.
t; - "ssktsAty" - stotsriama (dissecaters).:ros the opera-
tive point of view ttsis group is o msiaeIV4 equal to
PH (aotedoulats).
"povstsotsi" Lasurgentse this group aoaprises ell
persons she took part is &V rsbelli s at the time
of Civil ems, silitary consuaiss and oolleotiviasti,as
periods, sad also p"rsoos ego hove saoma seditious
teadmeies is later periods.
X - astLam"Lats Of all 466408*
iI - eaves s iaostssutsaai" - oamaeetioa with forel440se
( persomsi of loreiOL embassies, encZ ss s of lette:ro
with rslstives sbros+d, at**)
44, - "shpiea" - $piei.`Lbls croup UWINA ss all ip" moss
suspsoteh of espiowse ere the basis of their oorz
peodesoe, sosaestion with relatlves abroad, eta. it
represiwts. se to ssj, tie nszt stage of sstYral do-
?eleysSt r tors persei mss rssL s ierN as "*Z"?
terrorist.
D - diversiosiste
iassv. - "pravile" - the si#tists. 1leabers of the right
opposition in lbs Pam ( %08)0
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b+0
- The Trotslgit?. The. sans s sbol is used for the adhe~-
rants of &inoviov sod ether psrtisipants or sup j az to s
of the loft opposition.
Thin list Of record" "tints" is in no ants sospleso sod its
nay be .sLtbed mate in the poets of wars it was "a* oos*Lacr -
bander bb adding such new "tints" as ?- fascist, it - edLsrent of
k i ti cr, B - *bends rLet" (Ukrainian oat ion al ist ), V1. - "vlssovet s"
( amber or adherent of the ylsssov somNSent), as. - "atakapokissr
aik" - servilitj to the rousgooiaie ate. *st ? VN the list, hiw ;&
abovev shows wiat a large part of the population is under- he cam-
stoat supervision or the J1XYL. At the some ties, it also snows
hoer wide spread is t:he struggle of the people or the Ubic agol&*t
the Soviet regiae. Todetbasr with all arssstc.s . trillions of
pctstazs rho are belag "punished", the A" inalncatl,j remind atal pia
of the fact that his regta-e is the coat terrible but, at the sane,
tine, the weakest is the whoAe world, xat it is opposed by the
huge sass of the population. All those persons, an lose cards
the s*bol of their "tint" has beau drawn, are ?utaaaticsily set
under a su,~ervLsloa of the ?f&VL agents.
+.)4rce nor* it has to be repeated ttat,la case or a corres-
poadiag dir,eetive from the kolitburo, all. persons sharing that
or amot nar "tint" are arrested, sod tu*Lr furt bar fate depends
not on their real guilt but an the "general line of the Leath"
for the present ported of tisa.
Data, gathered by the agents during their waled (during
"resrebotha" - "olaboratioa" in the Chexist teraiaologjr) of s
certain person rf-o has been recorded with the speeial'a6YA~ re-
girtreties, gives a start for building up a "oaas".
"Cases" are divided late tire tollowiag g"upse
10 "keeturAve rssrsboullm" ( agent olaboraticm) .hi" is
otti44all3 celled "sgsatursope Oslo" (agent sass), ana eabsases
a grump of persons shartig the saas_ Views, she arc lien together
by periodic oWounters, aoaversatioos or personal frieoasnip.
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2. "Dalo to liar" - ( service list sass), Where oal, one
prisaipal person who is under suspicion ( "fisuraat" according to
the Cheklst terainologj) is bola& "elaborated",and all his ?ar-
nectioos are beia g recorded only to couplets the case. 14 most
COMM the "scxiiee list case" IS ssoaer or later traasfozs-ed LAM
an "thestun dye dslo", Or (provided the "tigusaot" shows amy aas-
tivity) leads tohM arrest.
The ovsrthsiaiai aayorLlq of cases of "figuraaats" a
being "elaborated" by the oparatiie "W organse are an the
:re..
oostis as "service list oases". UaAder norasi coaditioas. the p
cases are Cosparatively rarely reoora.ed oc. the tiles of the ` at
pecial Division.
3. "U-lx" ("UehetnOie dials") - "Asslstratioo aase" is k4vaot
against leas active "figursats". U*U&11.Y as a basis for such as
Case serves same iwtructioo Fran the cei ter ordering to eaace re-
coVds about a certain group of population. wor example, in 1y_)39
after the Custoaaary purge 14 the party, a considerable peroeat&V
of the &>-called "heaters ou" ("primasovI11J rya") was eucl a4sd
from the ;,arty* as being not Lit for this iigb priviliegs..u the
gr+ou nd of a special secret inaUvet$ an ,all snob ,.rsons were regi-
stered as "U-+D" LA those cities i~+a-f% ~r Nero not accused as
Trotaky-ti is, or when their ?8Y rtgistratiaa cards had not boas
previously ^arked a with some other "tint". Later an, folleets
a now special secret directive, a earspsiga of liquidatte the
people registered wit4i* this group, was carried on, ant ...
par.169 of the CrLsinai Code of tho kas" (ill-iateuted Zr
or forsery) was iasriainated asaiast than
.
4. "Li tornoe diele" - "Adhered ease" is usually ooaaeaNsed
with a ces taia ladustrisl or sass other object. this case Lamew
des A lists Of persons an the staff of this erturpris., titte-
reat data of official earoissioss, sorrsspoadsase with trwts"
sets of audits, arterials of rtp psros, tifforiat daelanst owe,
ao yraouts stateaeats ant other sssnal aatsris4s - yp to the inter.
"ties that this eatsrr.rise toes not fu4SU the paviWsm of he
output, reports about the bs out at tins, about isiaasses Its.
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t
All We is oonpleted 4by a , i list of neraaooM s; iaoludea is
this "7.ettered Case". Such a social list uwali r does not sLaw
persona that haVe already bean recorded according to soae "tint".
Usuall,Y tDia list is eoaposed of the a400 of personas, about whoa
the a Yb has some arterial of assl.l iaportancea lose a404YAoaaa do--
W.LACistiaa4, expulsion from tie doasoaol bausus, of Us lose of t&4
memberslxip card, or even no" suspicion. All t bs se persons are
specially reoo"od and re i*tratiaa ea ads are made out ^et ed sitk
tt~e symbol (' 1 teraoya din19"). Luis category is conaiuexod
to be tLt .Leaat "'V* cue, still ttrr pres*ucg of a- core, ~.urd
Wit the tiles of the lot 11~,+eclei 11via1o4, is alYv04
lice a brand cad puts certejn reatrietio4a its ter
JWA'iM a0&~-
oarssed irjtb iii Leis social lift awai his activity. J ax instance, it
aws.r~ as p traoa is casual., 1U41444ct in a list of euesto w be
;].cevent at a Qeesit>u of time 5ukar4Aa :. Jv.1et Of ;,U0 U..4A k a. d the
names of such guests grit invariably cheo4ed *it x ti{e s,?ciaal re-
gistratioa files) he *ill nsysr get the iavitetion acrd for tuo
see ss in.
The center for special reaardi. of anti- boviet elaaests
Is the 2nd sector of the ltat Special jivisloa of the
vu43 1O4Yi-
U &k (nod :.4;;,b t3 . n). t:u its bawds detailed statistical data as to
"tints" aa,3 ac to the saVresiir of tuaa.o tiats is L?dl;ub,&ica, lw-
sia4a a,.(; cdiaatriota Of taia` oYV .et .r.uioD arc couce.,6raeted. Jsuollyp
besides coll.ctiag statistical data, tr,e )at ,speajal Livieton
.sox** out spatial geographical save accorailW to tJ.ar "franc".
"hia e:uables the le.derahiy of the .'uoyie's Coati" let at au-y
tlee to ji ieat theaaelves La altrtotia;g t:xe fork or tree .a 4J aigesbw
ci-wra lu tLe whole Uo;A e d in oevurste reidut,lics sad ala+trieta.
:cot onl;r the "tint", but rctbar deta.led data about t*.e re-
corded ,nx so i art aaarxed ou tk a rebistrati oa card. (.+ee j..-:+eadis)*
la the local subordinate a .aciss of the PLOD the reea,.lstrt tiao,
cord of the recorded ;jersion in fill*,; out in this. copiesi one
copy is forearced to the ageae r that is conducting the "elaboration
the second one to soot to the god especial DiviaLcb of the isiioaai
adurinlstration of the *XYD - to control tLe "elaboration", coat as
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third me goes to $osoo,, to flu lot Bp esial Dinsim of a* 441b.
tor, stet t atical soctias.
Statistical resords of the 1st byosial Division. of the toy-
ople's Co.Aiasariat and of the lot bpesial L)i?isLoas is local
SM (gGb) sdsatsLstrat Loss arc kept Ln absolute secret. Ass 0m -
Lag to as order of Lavr.sty Boris, issued La 1940, the "Logo of
r?6iow1 adainistratians were prohibited to give any inter scion
iaa this respect eve to the seor+stsriss of the regional seraitteoe
of the Cosruaist jetty, who could obts.ia these data only tiro
the Central Comitte of that Partse or this yysyese, the chief
of the lot Sp 4oial Division in goscow had to adapt and filtrate
thea4ate , sad forward them to the Central Coiaittee of the al.
Union Communist Party only wh?a they acquired s,.oial warding.
It was well knows in the B![VTi circles that this order was provo-
ked by the feet that new secretaries of the regional cosraittees
of the Bolshevik party, who took over this work after the "wrist
1ALrge" and who were often recruited, in this period of time,
from the IKYD sea, in a series of cases node such dosacAs to the
Chiefs of the regional ts~aaa~ ki~V'v adaLai strstiosa and ro-
ceived the wished inforssatiop. this is a clear Illustration, of
the tact,, that the MJYD does not reveal its secrets even to of-
tioial rei.reseatotives of the ruling party, with the exception
of Its highest orbaas.
In he NICVD (ot1tr) regional adsiaistratLoas the staff of
the lot Special bivisioa is divided between two branches tope...
rative recording ai rsdistration of ageats). The ssployses, .,,.
of those brsaohes enjoy the rights of the operative ago ate- re-
presentative* and their assistaao-ts, but in tact they are consul.
onarles, clerks and statistLeiaua.
Ia addition to the data of special reeords, all operative
agonies of the efl D-dm ors sytenatioall,j- sac regularly "Al.
piling ssrarios about the tress of rich of Us brood asasaos of
the Soviet people and their reaction to certain evesss Lasids
the Soviet Union and abreact. 2hoso s m cries are ' forwarded to the
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"operative-statistical" bran" of the 2nd ssoter of the 1st bps.
aial Divisioa GULL UVD for the purpose of systematising the pia-
ture of Morel-political state of the ,population throughout the
whole soviet Un inn. mere is one of syeaissn$ of such a aassrys
after the govermental decree about the abolition of the rstioib-
card system in the U , all the regional SLID adslaistrations,
through their operative agoooiea solleoted reports about "aegati e
attitude in connection with the decision of the karty and Govoa-.
seat to abolish the ration-card system*. These susasriss depist
is abort the abareeter of stateeante wade bj seyarote persona,
giving their "tints". The most sharasteristio toots see reported
to tee chief of the regional $tVL adsiaistrotio* and certain aee '
cures ar* taken - Up to toe arres$. But this is not the scat La-
poitsut thing* such core essential is that the chief of the adai-.
nistration, hating received the statistical picture of the tress
of Mead of the population in his region, sends a copy of these
figures, in the foss of a ciphered telemrsm or redlograa, to the
"operative-statistical" branch of the neuter, in Moscow, where
these Materials are suma?rised and forwarded to the 14VD Ysople'
Commissar for a report to Politburo, os simply for Us Inforsst is n.
This double syntea of conetsut operative recording of
and regular surasariea about the frame of aino of the population
fully enables the leadership of the to dispose the tore rs
of their network as it is needed by the concrete situation in tbt
country. In fact, it is nothing else but a sowtsntly active and
vet r intensive reconnoitering of forces end disposition of the
etw o where their own people is asant weer this term. This is
the principal difference between the sytes of the operative re-
cording in the MOD-MGA and the similar methods used by police
agencies of all other countries of the world. Me Satter is so%
only in the scale,. aid not is the feet that is the Oaf the pa-
nitive organs carry out a special registration of such elements
of the population, who in no case could be ciassitied as "ori-
'ainsls'is any other country of the world.
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Te peculiarity of tbo Soviet spaNstivs rNesitar lion first
of 821 in its preventive shorsst s, i.e. the rsiistssti a aasd
of the d8V'D-MQB is filled set for a certain siti aw of the N*vj rt
Union not began" he or she oasaitted any erisN or offeoaos,
but Only begans. the porso~rsi of Um Soviet Vmltivs eagow sear
sid spa his, or her, to be able to sosait sued, ariasa or otfaaraom
is the future
TA closed pssuliarity aar be seem in the fast that a re-
gistration earl, moo tilled out fox a certain peraoa,
do.ts~o~rod even If the "tint", larked on it, is not substsatiatet
or is a result of set obvious salus4it,-. The mm syr be acquittet
in the court, say be fully xehabilit.t.d by the party orsams,
but the flies of the AKVDWill brand Lin for ever. The All-
Unioa Cos aatat party sod its punitive orwws do not apply the
notion of the "term of limitation" to tha octians of their poli-
tlesl antatonists@ and the AM-scab say at say tine resume the
persecution of any pa.i sou for actions p"rt'ora.d treAty or even
thirty y ?arst', *go. it this hapyas, it is only aec ossary to
"reoovato" to sous extent the "so of suc4j porsau, sad this is
one of the seia tasks of the Soviet upozative rocordiag. rhle is
.hat is called the "record or the Sigursat's activity".
The third, acid say be the Host esseatisl,peouliarity of the
soviet oyerrt tvs recording is that its dots are Stover Whacked up
by sc.-bod.y else. Tho Commission of five i`arty Control i.u 4cotow
nay Cbook the activity of. the XJLVD-4ii1, but three does not exist
such an organiaati;,n is the whole US" that could check the
equity of data, fillLaS in sillioas of roaistratioa card,. in the
ousereus.r.cordts sectors of the punitive organs, scattered all
over the country. The look of "vitilanee" is severely p ai shed
in the tit, but the Bolshevist rulers will never blase their
punitive organs for the oversoalousasas in this respost.
The people's Cosisssriot as well as the fowl Uri sdslai.-
stration strietly stick to the prirrsiple that t taw 1st ape-
OW Divisisa a osrtaia osplep-oe ossypia hiaelt with ere deft.
ait* "test'' and does not get is tough with ?osk sad data of other
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.. "
braahas. Us offieials of other JXVD &t lsioos sad a0siaistr bean
have ao ssoese to the files of tote 1st $prsial Livisisa sad *my
con contact this agency only throti$b their sesrstarista1 rotish
ere directly snbos+4issted to hihar h XYD oxsans.
ft e operstivo-statestesal rooesrtiot is as, basis for all
politlosl and operotive work of 11bo whole oaapuoated aetworlr of
XAV1 a. b agencies, that spread their Steely oobweb over the whole
oouatz7. It any pslitissl dissonteat of sate-ca nuaist aatnro
arises is the country, the geop?pbiaal rues of the operative
rocottiag will iaaediately show wbare this "tint" was soot sell%we
for sole Use past, and where the principal' or ao at daadesous
train the asealeAs point of views center of arch a aovasoat is Is-
cated. All IM forces will be disr,o ?ed there, the #Ssats among
persons of this "tint" will be recruited and teas the disaoateat
will not be allowed to turn into a direct resistance aoveseat.
The locus to the cap of "teats" is free only for a very
liaitod circle of the soot prosiasnt officials in the iovist sea-
rot police. Neither its whereabouts nor even the taot of its
existence is known to ' the aaJority of the tKVZ) ass* rrobally,
froa tea* to tine this asp is shown to Malin. It is even sore
Probable that he has either a copy of this s-apo or.his own asp
which has been compiled by ? special "flVD" taside the i IVD
by ? dpeoial Sector of the Central Goisittoe of the Party.
In the days of was the "GaaoraIi$sise" made his decisions
?a to the plea of silitsry operst,ioas, bending together with tl*r
lcov cad Vossilsvsky ever a secret "operative caps sbodaig tae
4isloeatios of titles troops. This asp was drawn for his by the
4th M.iaistsatios- of the General dtatf. Is the Maya of pease he
ex"j-0e1en the saws wp, to ether with 3e8l44 *eriatlov sod irty-
1ovp a sop showing the dislocation of slats-owastst setivlats
snow the peoples et 'ftMLa - as MW draws for his Illy the lot
Spesisl DinisiNt ...
is system of oorastset and secret "operative s'osssdiaR"
asks possible for the DEYD-AM to leaVe to its sassy the whole
.of the popdstias in the Daft. The Di7D- WQ3 registess every libels
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11t0 ~s deat;taclattN sad, w1theut a special order lta
the &x'a.L a, toes mot abew either to its vicuna ex to the oxcart,
Oar which data its .stta.a were beast.
? real libaratisa of the peoples of the Uhler treat Iolio-
vim will be soa>?pl eteet OW4 at the aatent rhos, otter tha ligui-
4atica of O skista and t96eir 91114" bosses, all tiles as4 as
shins of the soviet punitive argaas will be deatrayed.
It the operative reaardiag of AS (anti. oviet .Asstasts) is
basis for the diaeributian of torsos sad direction of asticaa of
the Soviet punitive orrsas, the mark wit. agents, their remardia4
and e184s1tieatios is the principal eleast in the operative worts
of all XXVD-MGB agonoies. The constant tension Inside the oouatr-W
and the tact, that the Bolshevist Potentates are tally aware Of
the hatred they ha>Ms inspired to all strata of the populatiea-,
led to the creation of a sass not of ?CVD agents is the U88M.
This ,not consists of assay aillioma of secret agents beloaiiag to
different divisions and adaiai?tratioats of Movies psaitLvr .
It may be supposed that the principle of the #sjVer`
l*talligence serviee, aiaiag at creating a possible .iM set of
agents, was, borrowed to a eortaia exist by the letting up of A
Soviet network of agents. It the Movies systea ?rooAed comaide-
rablf further, and a network of sass sgsats was met up not 004
b7 the coma tOr-Ia$.lllgense adaisistratian of the lima, but also
by the rest of Its .daiaisttatia. sad dtvisioa,M first of all b,
the 8ear.*-lblitisal adaisi?ttratioa, "Osobi' Otdel", deoroasis U.
?inistratior and transport ads aistratieat,
am slstem of roaacuillog, slsasifyiai and reeordiag the
aglow in all those .daiaLatratiems is shwas the ?ase, theuo
first of all it is worked ?tt by the scouter-iatealigease a i..
aistratiea. Still it wonid be ersame" s to refer all the ^or- of
agents to the edI ter-lato1liao~e I braaah, as it is done is all
other souatItos of Me weds, as tar as the Soviet muss-ens
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loads a seaataat war not so WAGk against external sassies as
against peoples of its ova ooatr7. no osssotis tomes of tee
$ovLet puaaitiw orgsss sri jest soasestralsd ea lis gat xaaL
stsiglo with the population.
The ststistical sad operative rossrdiagof agents employed
by all S=-&= atoselor. is the sasrsra of the I s$ Destor of the
lot Ilpoeial Divisios of GU is 4ossow sod oerrespos*iai offLsea
ofrepublicsn, regional sad aria adaiaistrstioaa of the UID.
All territorial end sposialisod s easies of 'tis UUVL-s" f111 in
special registration cards for all their agwts (sae ?ppsnd.i=).
Copies of these cards are forwarded to the files of tae 1st hpww
dial Division La Moscow (lot hector) for further clsssifiestioa
and statistical recording* This is the center of recording for
.Spot* of all s&Y'.3..Y(iB organs throughout the dovi.t Union, ant
therefore it is sore couvaaiont to asks as .ni7sic of priicivlts
or the classification of agents and the work with then, La aoa-
nectton with the sully ais of structure acid field of operatLon at
the lot Special Division of the V&M dLYt1 Ube (now &" UbA-).
But, of course, it does not wean that iLe. recruiting of agents
sad the work witL this is tae concern of this bkVu breach. this
practical work is carried out by utitterwt operative egeaaies and
depends on the tasks they have to tultil. U e 1st bpecial Division
of the. Center, in Moscow, sea its local bet .ws tae coacerued
ouly wlth the operative recording of se,eatse
?'hero are several grad" of agents, differentiated by %b&ir
fieto of opcratijas, Oospoisace sad their si6niticaaot in the
v Vii--dt>4t
email amok a.-let of people 1$,, espsoially as they are obviously
t? The mama answer is that it is aeeossary for the rein.
terseness of the asq of the prisaosss who are sawgl ag out the
most difficult w wk wilwat bsiag paid. !at this answer doss mot
give sa a daangti a eplesatsam of the preplan, as the wale popes
lotion of the $ovtet union alr. 4 worlga for the state, i.e. par ,
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~ I is .0
9"s starw.ttoe wwom for thuLr 1atise$e tihe evsh of a slew
is .lsoys loss psodastivs then that Of a free say even it L.
is sa rsl as it La La Soviet UsLM. ?Aerators.
Us above qusst1o4 will be no" ear ost if we pet the word ImIfto
lastesd Of "Mat for", used thane.
Then thu sower will be as following ? bosawe beiag ached
*f the people's hatssi the Soviet pt.rwseot eteaied a aeitl-
a~llieast a:ay of Jailassl who have to arrest,, toners and aopoart
s311jOns Of people is order to Justify their esisteaaa, and b*-
sou" there. is ao organ 1A the :"soviet UAio that *mid atop oo a:
esrtsiu licit the signal' received free the setar, for liguida-
tiag or "purgin" that or mother group of the roviet populatloe.
Thus the Well-known theory of the avow-ball is brought late if..
Ter dictatorship of the CommaLst party carrot exist without the
army of BXVD.MGB butobors, s this army requiraa alllioas of vie
Islas to justify its erlstaracs. This is a vicious c irele fro, wt ioh
tyre is no other escape but the ..king, away of both the dietatoa%-
ship and the butchers in its service.
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AM IM
The task of this diVs.sies 1e to prot?otisli+a eta
top rr&ci leedert Ok the hatI.1 s" GOVcrastieatf s~ flee , a~linist
olLts " ka is otfielmul nos sted?
The l st Division to p?rturularlj oomeme Si M the ,
tion of a t talin, all ',esters snd eIadidstes of %be +fi'sslitb
secretaries of the weAtrsl r'art Coaait*H. Abers mad card s
.o -
of the Tgburo, the cbairssa sna soaio =eNosrs of Mo Coss
now '
for ratty Control, all vice- halraaw of the oolsass.cart C.
Council of tiuiatere) of th? g.Dskr, sad sole reoplot a Gasaiws
(no. sialsters) as well ?s a series of the hiWtJest Off isi?L$
cordir to s list approved by ;AsliA h eft.
The most iaportsut op e ctn. guarded by toe 1st RiriaiO s
s) the &resila i
19 the buildia; Of he Central Gosa-ittae of the r'a& t a
C) the building of t;he is Jk"tuy xisd i"+. soscowi
d) the buildlaia of the rar'tr Control Cmai*Mion. ai the
k.zecut L e C ommit toe of the (;wiat*2 , that of Uie C ent-
rsl Cr*-itteo Of Koss?rol9 cad s MOV1*6 Of OtiaL?sj
e) the b&Udiag of the NOW u= ? aiosaur, -iaersistu.sAu
Square. Mouse as 21
t) gtalia's 0luata-boiae;
g) Coantrr-bwUses Of *11 the palitbtsro ambers s 4 otter
persaas "doe preteStioo of the lot DlYisiosi
h) the road tray the &VOSUA to the e.uatry-houses of e
sboim sCttoaed psrtsas j
1) govesssoot flues in the Csuoaass sA0 the Csissse
QovealsCSt trslfts, awoplsm+s? care. ysabts a" other
transport a*sns.
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.shays Mass &a#&
tell all plasos,, trisitS* * WSM Md his 4s"Ot oalasbo
sus wsi3 rs all
rosdso elrsift 940` 0a1V roubss. Moir Lastagho
1st Diivisis gasps a* I MI boa" LA UWAOSSOM Art
is the Doishoi and 2rsts*s 160 It sliest bwtiar AW
a *0500W ore.
The strictly spseifis tip of tree 1st Di 1aiess is
rsflsa -.4 is its 16010 it s+ *i (4as Asa 9 11) . ualAko ea r
of bsr organs of %bO GUG1 GNM an) line 1st h+iw .a Lea "$I A* X', A.
fications gair 04 was4$, sat it ,resists oul7 in % us Control
,parstus of the i ,1'd;'8, as its aaLIR ewjest is ties rftioo of It-0 MA
of Aoseow.
ALS 1st 1-itrisf,o4 is eloartly meted is all Its wo
the kipec test L t vtsiaa? gp+t6ta41,i with its ' L"ei" 1 srF _~
the capitals of the Unioa Is Lisa situ regional cit tern. t~'
iuACti342 at tt e 1st Dinisios as to, the prot tLon of laca,i
irau.ra (seeretsries of reriiotaaal area caMittsss) Eo aver
the d apaciai aivrisioas of has ritrespoa ing ii ii,'r'u ? iniMtrj
ti; s is tLe:-s cttiei. $V V, +)aa Ctalixi sad otx,ar IloUtui
leaders visit these eitiss, t - ati duord.d an their ?ai *ad
yin, tt sir stoy- there by t o lot DiYisiuu. though tue latter U,see
the already existing bfl4 des asp groups of t:e 4 =0ei^1 idles
V'91= of the 1osa1 *LTD odalairlaratiQna for the extaa?ior obs *m.
rrati oa, regulation of traffis and other pux posses.
Aheu .holotos, 'h'y*s *s1yr and other boviat "loaders"
they srs sccoaapaalid bib a. spostal reinforced brigade Of
aces on the staff of the 1st aiflaloa. Two of ease son must &I-.
wars accoapsay the leader UbervVer he goes, without leovLA# a
slave. They nay Rear wtitossa or plats cloths. Isicwa, 1
before 'that "loader" lsa*s for a sirtaio coustr'y, a spealal br: -
rgade of the lot Divisiat is coat tx"* (tita,sliy der- the omen o
of sanding shaMA tesMicsl w of the $oyiet dii s t1 s ).
being entrusted with tbs task at aging protesti a ftessurss -
local cenditiooa, Duriat, tae whsle star of tee leader abse R.
all tLo rnrriog psrsoss+tl oasatits it the tat Division Nees. so.
for iastanoe, dar3ag the d.iplasatti 4saxaa Of $o1otorr to iamb.
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'40 1 " 40
! "go aoe'1ai of 1 be ' Me $a MST s
pls r *t ww" of Vw let *L~ a XF40" Maser,
!titre aim tar! auto $s ti-~ ens "I MUM arlllt
of ophesvltile~ts ftip iea "Ile
~`
loedW So to
The joamw of i#a" A abeMA to 3 .oar
fto yaail&at of BtOUA vxvvmfm bw t: us&" neila . so" +>
oas-ntiasliaoO a" it bpi aM#MeX, for 00 '1 as stVIsiw ,
hAng
lbst l
t a~sletsivr- sia1-! !s! paot'dl~
aith- stelia'a isstr, l.s. asst" a at ill rasps, s'silrrolr
italions, ports. streets 'that Its Ls fie I to13s' a tpyr#
goielmamt of ao eoQAt a wilt as"* to e11O a ice`
lust 30 pears its .t* fasasllp arms" a* bo i rtaa of
Viet Wtii oaip t*lae I LA aoTsaber 1 *t$, aoisd $0 , rs
In AUVlat 110. sari to a tidi. llsf to both ogees he
Qsi.ij "Vet to the raaic*a, OosV-pLOO bw the iofl.t troops.
therefore ther! toe tu1L passibiii1W for tar 181 m triatas to ws.
our* leis satotj eesordim to us etaslu No =I***
but ewA an SUM sawdiltiss &nssaatt as of cite 4404WI
sal Adore sere tastes In .ens aM tots. i flaw e!w
uv do three tbouaaards OLV ae.xt an deft' of um 1s$ uLrisis
a;moisi BeeftV -of is Ca4'tra,i comm" Of I" M1 Le. Cemmo
nix* qty as ?sU so a bsttoUees Of tvftp ft *
srrtwd La T1blri. The oost Age wish ChUSI U L 4" eo i s
took piss 3A pietlia. at the "VA" , &"'&A Lt$ ear
81te3.ta las! tties lrLlitai asir lvisf i tsar lag fist ties to ,pa
oftisioL solla is MoiawL$ and biU? a" !Ms me
to attaeei the s"sbsatiis Of Caresik U ? s biLr*l p.
iii
ZA tolais !s t1u were Outlet trio
La the ttissts a44sLai l s arson li~i l1N selitolae ei aso.
0" "10 s area was ors ssi Mar lles iriwi*ti-a4 ter a-!i
!t * *~, ?iMa" star l si sit eet~. l3R1 lace go tees &DOMW to
abta'm ass /eat4M b4 l s ate amt 0tal1t sari
tb 1* a Mist !taiga ZM'Ls$ !Salto esiO?
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'77
lot ]i a1M +NelabM !s a spalal W%M t
ts 00OWS wow + *I"* JA &MOW$ I$%? but its
Lti1
ssaU$ "SO"
Nt Mtt ~~~ ;+M1a~?s lets, It
poasibls to sisaMR that liar t s? "am fteurze and a!
94" aars atteaftsa to tha d+- l.posalt et tubes srsas., is asses
' t a i ft o 4ss1c l s z free p , L t. s the traia that t l tea.
I Is tS MIN1asiala U490 aM %Wt ?as ho s is a + 1. a-
~sas+d foe MoMoU Rif stdr OOTLt'i 1 oa451$. $t a
bodvwaax
a** t#ie iaitis1 stars of tiro 1st nivis4is. Is 1s dittiauit to ..
o.Ms shish Put was A or" by $salia is tis st'ast1 as of tii
sifis OR UM is fiat W:11 poriO4 Of "W toTist p~, tat it ~ o
s~sraotaristts that 4urth the W MOO of ?amiss* (tttal 4
iR
WAftm 191$, atalia a" a -1 iias4111 kW a dstaoh*.at of
ki"O asd under no a2Musstaasas parted with this SPOULGI
IR th? Q poriaa Si. 1st 3titisioa was J o to ed olth U~* 244
aysaial D visiao sad, saoorsaio,d to Ross Latoamtion. It w.,e
thi -lias s sabdirisiOU of the pad 8peoial Divisioe. tluou h t to
lLuations wore of ly spseialissd. in tint otter hrIIcif the WOUa rx1
strectare of tbs UYL sad Si Avaeratioa of its U&La ditiiic~ea
awn sdswstratiaas ask. as Ramose that the lilt A*,Oetiai Llvia a.+ar ,
ties 2nd 8,Vssia-1 13ivisiaa and the 1 at ? iTisLM omstitated ears rxv
a dsrlsral lot DL La' aa d
Lin duaz4s has under hia $
arreutad 'eitLout Delay, avv his iaaaatit,y "a to be a.r ai-t, t, ,.o
t%xou,yn tto special z'MOrdta it the i.AYi:.
~., C &d:Z' 0r--~.....the the. 'Mtn,. is o*'L4 Mlil Ate.' Wi t-jO
wL.olo iuteratl s.4 excterzial epaatit Of ton rune L aad in aahni-, is
tsd to tl:e Chief of the l st LifisiOa (arm tr ro n- 13* - to the
who antes tt.is forbid:,.4a Ions wittaut a e .?siai kaii$, aroma
s k is ua~rcz by ? Special division of tiVL troops. vor -axoo&
rrc iu cli' ;r-' kilW,,etex $ "as. b6ou procla xc *z 4rbwou
_.tf-liu &Ad eL. aa-oI,},ers of the rolitbu.ro- h ve -,U8xtere ate s
rlealjn LA4, tr`l!iu',A>a that, country-, uses, aituatiru n a" 2?,._A,
Mileaaat fx-aa ,ro jec)e ceir~etd tLa MOah&1at ruscl, on the bans of tho ri..
vtr 0sKv. 11 the ~.ree araLaut ttisse gavexri:a t-.. Vilja wtk:
t %tia
a) the tat soasaadagt's offY4e of the K.reakio, **d,
b j the dit-iaion of tLiS Xx uL is guet4$ divLsic)a at ti w
G,I-akist troops - *Or,s s'siit? -? of U X0 iLTh, azaed aoo xsunod
osrriri out toget,ber sith the s$taute of the special silitar
esbool, bear3.st the a$aw Of the &uareae soviet or trot UI .r
situated within the srealLo rslls6
a coor~Au g to speelal p**vl s2-osa. his divis iaa is "trust i.1
the service of the iatesm al and estera-aj a aZ ding Of the 1u' a.
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100010005-3
mo W*7? U-0 -- amwx # of two trea,lia &mar"
bo sasfasod gib tli* &1l* supsc lntsAdoat. The La* Lsr CaZr i s
on tem o"Laiatrstiws eM suppo dntias ss to %be Lm" r r*d- L5* a
La tis Kraa "a- ree""s 90"16mrs of AL O staA4144, PI&AS Oad
orwuaisss difforrest z. stet .ats alt Role's, aolotav's surd o r
41*aders", is roepoa1LbLO V*z for sr&it'wnc* of order dui
"essaias-s of t a 1l preawt t in the 11 f rLisa . alsa o ote
Zfio JLroaiin is ' y *no *out 48"r"4 ge
of the +d-ole world, thou" so uaitiat*d yereou *111 har? a at14
it. T Visitors can eat0r 1te Arcadia saix ly t.ils?Qu4L U-9 tgstes
of the Sip as sq Tower, opelaUjg on th5 XoQ r a sre. "L a t43 r
C.s to the trmiia ssN 0,10006 for tfbe via itoris, ^" EDO! se,y de
asset oul, by persosss, iivl is tt40 i r aolia W o harm t yr~rmFSat
Asst fix outeria it. Ifte %tasskrj d#t* is open is tnr cr
a= the Way is .pp tly. borx ed Drily ti' too a csu tr le s a.u L041
as 01: tts Apr sat -viet ailitary "tioC+3, but It is, prose
suer &ure "t icil.t 10 ytss throuC4 this OA& tote th?u to
totlxe American, depot v2w" at= betas aty sttvieat
?ruz Seri rh uiplmsts cl l+Gi z G ioreL(,i t,a* t.s of ~:.
~vieit gViGam,A"t61dt., 4iSYt a 1"'Y4.`rod t`J TI nit "o ~Ir~QAiw"a? Ys
tt,e bpaasiq sets oiaast - i s"it wr4 AAVedAa0UAt s, *WQ tu5J t: s 4 m-,4
?vaa isagiuo that it mesas for a.a ot?uiiULry :.oti* t c itisea ru ad
+ .x-otI tLe dal. Pr4Co,;re LOr -jetting o kfta* 4:0 tt.$ -rd.4,.tu.
UG3- A kA-08 C*:. LO r,Jt WXiJ 144 1:t",C L 4U1Alt Ol t call ma i.0 C. UV *.,1
Of ttte high put AA d jtt,OVWrJM111.1t L Lt"UTAAs 10c0t6d tt*i., ui
ac:cus? .isa to a ?*rec~sal 3avitati of one u: Me lraasrx.
uauel *Itor of issuir i 9000 is as follows $
ibe srsvu, oath tat or auothor v .altoo', sego t We
t as-lih perca a r *r4Qoot 01 tti? Gf*16&bA.LSLk'Q t7 r'r,
Uact l4 s t Lu u ass, y+ rauywii, s+ir:.++m Ox tae. % is i toX, "is cress ,
Piece of work end th* 3040010 Of t,is being callot>t to the ar` LLL.
ILO can I4 sr mwbds S" ofq 01 trilis regyest ttAro1* A tUo relb.Ls are
Inchon 01 the lot 11vieum . to the special roeoz'.i t tg sector of
h at c paelal :111sf40 of 1i+o GOW0 it tr,Ls j.,t-soa is e- "on-
res,L,.*at of moss ar, a c 9 .rod eaquii7 about "a in bm*o* 60"'r.
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A003100010005-3
my tbs ws? tt g&4ar of 4i t sa i l& am s s i
be ?aat*sed rilh $b his sup" ria"ro"t. fto Asti Oak
'_ he i rsu. oa - > ?T 4"Q%u4 t `I1 L 9 SWA"b
va toy odaisistratiV0 M4 VAPPLY Miss to i> laavrs~ X
in the Lre.e .ts Mkolves of ALO staA4ia$,
o.rgauiiswa 4#?tf.TMt x ,ptiae.
*CCO1\ to a ;^rsou" AAV-Lt:&lloa of OAv of titre isea
usual ardo1 of isaw.0 6 e is as follows i
of - %is tt o , t4s r:i.i + s
t a raec,+~+*st of Cho e-arra3 ~::.
F ~ a s of work surd tboo -X"Mammm of Lis bet" oali*O to t" I .
~ ~>~,~. t~? #p
It.s aaa +st.c Ot a*aI1C tiwr O0M CI tfite rgtist t~asoiygti
section 01 Cilia lot t)it si u , to the ayes i i roa r ism s Via` !
the tat bpoetai yifisieta- at 11"* tr 4? AS tuts ;tl`*Ga i? v
X*A,L,.att Of O06e09 a *L t04 ss %Lis7 OJW t U I& to .
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A003100010005-3
-- 00 1,779
l st "tat Di iss- it a* enialssi adei.#si atstills>a- *s
Us* is sosssz*M 4d1h us As" of ss~si,iorsss I_S ?OlE. AS
MMWh s was resos at rri* 'ire s'sgistrat& M woe *i *
(antibviet olasont$), the psis will not be isarted to hie, tra
nithsr ba, nor the person who subs ttSd the r"u"t for sooiag
will be tarorasd obart the rs.iaea of the donut..
It the adsasr of the 1st "lot grass &a 0 favourable
i the request is betas Cora to t e offits of the ? l
nnp-rinlaedan1, that 800060 this parses W Visit tso &rsolin
a certain daj and at a sert*U ties? Is $4644a s *or ou av
Ulu the transport suction of the 1st DiVIS as is beige t so
ring the sae to 140 spars - foMr. lj tws use a pssa Lao "x'W0Qj
been asde out, ? four copies wan umaiij of aUtex Est aotor*,
go" offisa. All these tour aopisa ore h?*da4 to the Vi"tor
sod be is told, psiits]j but fl=1 $to 4o LA a sortatA direction
wittiest stopping se hers or stari*t at sa.yth'ad? o tsa two r*.z
asters . sj the visitor in set by a doaftars who sheS* Qq use
paasss, leaves on* of than with his ac4 directs the visitor to ane
Aizt 9Hardaasn With the sale LuaU ctiSOS. he List 6usrdess - t
-duty sacaapanlss bin to the 4002 of the "as wtero AS foal boom
osUet. Th*re. h* is asIs to the ,privsii aftrosery of %A* person
calling his, abo Cb&riica up his doe *SOts and LDatruots the visitor
to a,ive a short aoso nt of his br-sinsas, not detsiit [ the caieI
with udse64s2,s27 1811[. As soon is the "arwoisovs" is 01040d, the
visitor is sssptpasied siactij in the siif iap to 04e silt tract
the GrestLA.
If a Polit*wo mast sorha estsida the tracks walls, ta,
sass procedure is introdMssh is UM $-as$ltut M gore no is tae
Wis. be, for iastaaeis rAs Low s.aag boyish a*a the ~P1906
discs for hall bqs (19) 1 ), tba pass to the bai14in4 OK
the Psspio's Cs1asosist ma LeawK 1W Us tlra sport adaitUat-r,er-
tion of the UTD, but a spe4141 sttisial of the 1st Uivisioa Losu.C
the passes to the flat where is ottLso of *a;w.Vieh recta ?3c5$w.
Zn this ease the glitter its. resolved torn passes, Us last ox
fish be handed to the oftisisl of the lot D&vL&L*& ea 6"#&
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A003100010005-3
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100010005-3
? 140
t aa& iaatrvat
Mitt's flat, was slisd leis the assn 1s 1
hia to pose gsi*47 witMs@$ stoppla# and 1sokiai at *to b*oakim
. outer Ilsors. To was" i& !b? dt" 64 am** with 6ww
Were as duty et the door of & aoflsh's is tl.a~r-~roo~.
The foraar people's Cron ut"Or tot .*ST ,iadustay, "ev
GferiahmilLldu?, -s" oily oa? '~ s nil r ?ss of the ol~-i~ruso, ~ ,
flatly refused to have special tds,, and node rs *"am SO MIS
coaperativvly simple* boalkid" pretested a t the sift ian
up of the bodyguard is sub a hats ortaal waa-, aZtho lot Uirriu
aioa wee. obliged to protest his sooro't.if, in a goat, not a tiaceahlo
to Urdshok,idse himself.
Qua s ndtrr_ of the NIA at c tsoti is oows*XOed with fuax@
of the sover0A,4Qt objects, mecatiosed above, WI SA t4* excs; tine of
the ilia. He has is his subordiAoties the seconds commssaduut3's
attics (vtol" AmmL~ ~cosendatux~a) that has a nits dia;aQsb1
the folloeins unite of the Aid i guard troops +
s) bpscisl c.ivision W (regulirovks uli os,o deiakaeai,ysi
regulatiaa of traffic). This division cousists of .pWroximats:.7
horse thousand A4%v :&* us that Love bee erociaity trsioed. ile Ai-
vision oaoa its ca.ass to the tacts that a considerable part of its
persau..e1 moors the militia x lYcei'sas with %,L* ovorslese? ai a "xai'?.
.This division Kuords th+r toad rroa the rrlLu to the county L?w--
sidesces of ; talia ani1 other poisons oa tt a "nomenclature lint".
their pox aeat duties iAcluie also the redulotiuc of the traffic
and t h* guarding of all streets between the &Lrealin aua tithe b ,1-
diogs oasupied by the Central Yart. Gomaittse, tae Qeotral C Amiltt e?
of the Koasoaol, the wouaesii of the Hople's Camiassrs os the
USJV and other objects under protes'tios, of the lot Livisioo. ;.t
Stalin or other members of the 1'blitbure visit sole plants or CO*
st ustioas in Mossew, the snatdia$ of all streets Lacluaed tx the
ruts is iasediataly- passed from the ailitia to the idJL divlsiooo
b) i special divislee- of a1ilet g&srds is used for &cardix
the sov ersrsotsl hips toed is Moscow at aigat. !be posts amned
by the iuafts iutec-sify the pioteetiou of "is roai4 alresdj so-
cumvd by other w b-units. Shs stair of this diVisios is sttuatod J,o
ao. of the houses in the $ol4601 Q"UUXDV*lq Imes,
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100010005-3
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100010005-3
-- 141
s) tiilsi, ALIWM if ms arts - aa"nsi as am"
to the awe stsYtasis " t s "v1aiM at tbs tramp at, is
$s.xd3ai lh* tei'riw'# Where pines amm pa'otstiM of > US.
Division s~ssids.
Besides 1,bis, a apftisl coup of Sates allitis, g1Mdic $ o
part of we sine seem Where it dots tht h Ike "MI
so~ for the rMid+~I me of the Go Mt asabtr., is o a t
subordinatM is vibe ii~d sirsta`darett's etiise.
hesidia lbs iirs ' a simaatirie~at * s oltisa-s),
tiMrd shot, there W* oft" ?Mssdastoz , soamseMtd wdtl$
s ilod of other ob3ssts under ysoltsum of the lot 'Division.
The authors had no possifil.itf of clearing up the !unctions aad
tasks of *11 ttrsae karssdautur $ of the lit vitisioe, but it is
Mo+a that the rid madaatara is concerned with vise a ti-ets*-
araft dafenos of Moscow.
The prot+sstion of dtalin and other high party offisisls d**
rind t heiir daily j wAme3r five the Krea l in to the ",doierummm
area" is Married on with utuost Caro, rue even at the Sue of go"*
surpasses by far aryythtod that was pesuitt*d, for ezaspls, tip UL
ler durtn the "are of ear.
According to the general plan of recQu struotlM of 40seow
all streets$ imaw4ed into the daisy routs of Ltslls add his 0o1`
laboretors, squired ?a*aaal breadth of 4W snd i van 60 setsrs,,
that is proctidally sbasiatsly u ee*ssiri. The Gass of "ieadersm
stn a,i,wsys a1mg tike Ni, aide]e of these streets 4i o;;ticsl,li
excludes *Very pose.t 1117 of au stteapt. The inhabitants of fto
houses sloe' this rate axe w-Qested to a special *be"-Up of Ma
let Division, sad all mo llss ,iSSt.els that swo a suspieisn Is sqj- nay
ON 3sm~sdleseu ~ of *oacore
ad all the territory up to the dorm s.
the flosbalAt h
,...?
400,111 villas aad gar ONO $0 ailes frm Moscow, In
divided into esvsrsl rwtan~lMtoras, sith an el l-tay a' M duff
in the area of . fttore the wr mesa r kt-
wrats Mre caused 1*aiIsj %W this MpLQ-oss *t S LO I s$ piti-sirr:,
and this gs1 has lababiy b.M pres.e+vsd after a* var.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100010005-3
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100010005-3
~ 7dw ? 1
UsuaU these sin 5Ori the t111tLa uniforss without a d1s%
shim features Of their special dsatiAatioa. Alwh sestio& of
road was secured with aiicual posts aad telephones. 4hen Stalin
left the treal it or the gates of his Villa, the "a, ass" si&ELAI
was siwA to al L posts.
As $oon as the sorts of ittalin or or sass other 1
has left the section of a" toaasnt ntura, the next on. is astt.
fled b7 a special sidaal about the approach of ears in order to
stop say cross-00Ves46t. a47 person, ridin1 or wslIc.Lng al
highroad at t .,As sosedat and stopping for air reason lfar meta e..
to puap tuo t.ire of a car or a bicWsls, etc.) has t4 prison
personal doeus?ts fox a ah Ck.up, and if apyttiir seems ausDic Ls e
he is arrested said questic id in the iaqueddet section of the last
Division. One former prisoner of the Ukhta-rot t ors "Corrective
labor asap" told the sutaars of this work t "t oas tax feIIe
unites ass a ool1w:tive Saitsar troa ti,e sa irons of . oa,aoa whE.
was saate.:eed in 195b lox an attexyt u'roll :;.taiga's life. ?hie
collective Eerier Cafe to itomCOw ou soaie buaiaasoo Ay % Le even
he bad jai I op too, aueh, MW being druau, fall d owa to also
46now tars near the doahaisk highroad* lie coke in the SIVL1, .i,our1 w
the search a "weapm" was found an his - a ki tat eon ate of tna
kiau used in the eountr?. Three days later this collective fam r
sae brought to the lutyrxs pries., and the 'troika" of the osee w
regional IK1 administration sentenced his to five voors of dam
portation, according to the clause A. padres - tsrrorime t fe
into consideration stash sews ear aunt not be astmishad at the
fact, that Yoaco, sitisaat try to tuts into the aids streets as
se b of the
oa t? t~ hens the appswesbiag g,orira-nsot Cars :~
itaiian's sortie for his Jeusays L& Moscow as>d aloof;
Oshaisk highroad usually consists of 3-+1 cars with the 041i&-714
tradde-same. Thew cars are hoss-sanr, arsoured, their , * .i *6
glasses are w1let-p coot. ? rsprssadntatiye of the lot Dirisi
"at be deeps pressat at their rsseptisdn fans the piaat's,
fte first ear in the slate's sorisdgs has the tarok of awm*-
Ing dues all persma stowing the read before the cornea as
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100010005-3
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100010005-3
sa asap Sat tbst K UM lee a damow to lbo gog
as rtal save. -
= 0 driver, see ?f too lot DL mane ma's +ta the iizit *4mp. -A
h 1Sssl f is uaimU I& the , ,oaswl w eat ti-s LM mar,
a0 otirstirlll
as a p*s? aaart oars m Ste o x"40-0-MM10
od104IJ sheaedo theta plash IQ the sostadl. ttallA s near aacarwl,d
ordinary oitisaas of the Soviet UsLm sore prohi taad 1-0
uUat thee.
at to ttim hoar of the col girls 0& 4 Oohs *a aW` aaetri-,e* k
trmallin or dixostly at the gate of hitatlia a 'yr!-tls. has &rived a
all $ovsrnaeptal *ere wore sithawt gal esaseptles so ft o start ot
the 19% Divisios as mrkere of its tasaapwat sestiaeaa
hO oaa?eaxedaaat of t> az of obJO04 is also oOaasate.
with tuardii the $ovoran.0 t lrratimd *states. no so called *oaw--
serve" at the station i os of the lorthara railway by donna., Wes
ore of such estates* elk are asoM otter eASieala of this ***a.
? Is coarseroAd with all sovexueaetal
of transportatioe.
664
h'lo travelling, over the i.oviet Dalan, 6talia and ota
>
A olltbura aambau s use their private railway cars. Bstoxs tba met
t*hs net loaders almost never used fir ailh;laues, ?i a lea thLe
klad. of transport toc, riso for their precious solves. Ascor iae
to am* iaforaatioa, a aj.ea1aal, absolutely secret order waa Lo
by Stalin bet3re the war, f*mmally protdioitiat to the 0 a
ture workers" to use plan" without ozceptLacual) serious =ee
and xithoUt his o* approval of .vcx' tligtat. May be, tUe ~ a;
itaaer" feared that *mom* of & is collaborators aiXit ftos
abroad!' i t As far as it is XAONas4 bt.lia Aissalf flew only Omo
fros scow to Taberaa, is 1$3?
The forcer chief of the SoverIsost train YialovodU
informed the a authors about the f+allowi a; details of protee1hhc
talin and other "lsaedsrs" during their rail*V travels.
ivory scab or of the Polilbure has its cam private railsp
car that aay- be used oal ' bly bUself sal by his taai.14 &**basre.
As to their aratwerd appearance these ears differed in no war
from the usual passenger's cars, but their were oxssadiaajiy l*
zurius "aside. So, for imstarcres, asbagoaty was mood for the
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP80-00926AO03100010005-3
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP80-00926A003100010005-3
iateii.' dssoisOLsr end t* si ms's sot'I Ksselirwan b '
won 004 for UW slaw WWOM" M ii 1-1%lbos din' ole.
soastswrrts4 to atsllri a ' V MW of tho 4oiats of
rvAle we" not Mt iaMLtt, ifs trws. OW Ai$ sla a Mtiieic ,,$7$
1s84, two layers at sel4b Mt its at som were pM lacer r
wooden plsakdaf of MW flOsi 96446 sM ssl ret 1* ISO Saes wiM
? lower of fslt# li"Lsn a" M 3LMla"t so*"%* Arah o per-
sea" car was UUMd orlf tii! Xt.JO ip-s 1 *0 i"' sr fts MWVOS%o
tbsloss e'Oerf ~ "owe wire is-liiotts~e~- tapisi1 sspsire, 01640
of wbich amtsated, to be""" apt *sssi s St tam es for
or-o oaar.
The Soviet burssue* sti of o lower raaic trotal Led $easraii.
la slosplnt "care (tbs ss-sallad itlIMya" core) of t swel ra, t
tnsias & several fast trains we" asoasedatiss thm t tm
AMOW orpt+ss PULM *+twees Mose?w a MM as lrsd, IAL
fe 10 - Mosees-1Ilsw~t~ouris 01O. the tsL sr"A j.sloved
~ioe 1, pLI ir4X betwess the psupi of apis, . was of lb0 sow CA".
4heu stalLs at other *bore of for 1bliburo were trove"
lhsir personal sir war coupled. la lSa and of the trsla: and it
was followed bar aac04117 taus tart ''sovsrtad" oar with en ertvL de
'tee aamt. Such an order existed only for the coves s nt al trams
fislovodsoc-Borth if Stalls or 41sr rolls ss *ore trevo uu 4
in other directional s opeatal was putt to.ther for cat f
Use iacluc to the persona l sae Of Mrs "1o0dsr". sotos sseh/ r-
son got into the twin, lbs *"at of tb train ," Ito
the Xt hoaaq~