(SANITIZED)UNCLASSIFIED NEWS PUBLICATION(SANITIZED)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00926A000600020026-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 87
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 14, 2013
• Sequence Number: 26
• Publication Date: September 22, 1948
• Content Type: REPORT

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STAT
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NESIAN-
NEWS
60 ?
SERVICE
ISSUED BY THE INDONESIA OFFICE:
3C RAFFLES PLACE SINGAPORE
CABLES : IN DOFF ? PHONE:80920
3RD ANNIVERSARY
INDONESIAN INDEPENDENCE
NUMBER.
STAT
Economic, Political, Military
Duress. . . So then the Renville . .
STAT
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On The Distaa S,lq,
Sebagai S 11)
Mrs Sockarna co-en
into a nnkc.., or, at
seemingly so...... ?
( Nyonya Sockarno
berbichara dihadapan
alat pcmbcsar suara
Strong - Man of Indonesia
()rang Kuat Indonesia )
Premier Iiatta, con -
currently Vice-President,
is by profession
economist; finishing his
Doctorate in Leiden
University .
( Perdana Menteri me-
cangkap Wk Preside!
Dr. Moh. I latta Professor
i?:conomy - keluaran
University Leiden )
At His Laughing Best
( Sedang Ketawa Ifehat )
Amazement at the one-track mind of the
man becomes major Unity for indepen-
dence, is the one dictum President Sockarno
has, for 21 years, unflaggingly pursued. Is a
doctor in Engineering.
(Laiabang persatuan bagi Republik In-
donesia. ivIerdeka - President Soekarno. Beliau
adalah Dektor bahagian Engineer..)
Rare Christian
Among Muslims
ISeora.ng Christian
dikalangan Kaum
Muslimin )
Amir Sharifuddin,
ex-premier, is pre-
sident of the Peo-
ple's Democratic
Front. Leader who
suffered most du-
ring the Japanese
regime ?
(Than Amir Sha-
rifuddin-Beka.s P.M.
Pemimpin yang ba-
nyak menderita dizaman Jepang. )
C - in - C of Field Troops,
Indonesia Army
(Panglima Besar Sudirman)
Lt-General Sudirman led
the Indonesians in the
Battle of Ambarawa ) .
Grand Old Man of
Indonesia
(Orang Tua Indonesia
yang terkenal)
Though ti3 this be-
whiskered Foreign Mini-
ster is slill full of fun
and ginger. He speaks
and writes in 1,3 lang-
uages.
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rROCLANATION OF INDEPENDENCE OF THE
REPUBLIC OP INDONESIA
(ORIGINAL WORDAGE)
DEOLARATIO N:
"WE THE PEOPLE OF INDONESIA DO HEREBY DECLARE
THE INDEPENDENCE OF INDONESIAI!
"ALL 2140/UESSES PERTAINING TO
THE TRANSFER OF POWER AND OTHER SUCH ISSUES
WILL BE UNDERTAKEN PEACEABLY,
AT THE QUICKEST POSSIBLE TIME".
DJAKARTA AUGUST 17 1945
ON BEHALF OF THE INDONESIANS
SUKARNO - BAT TA
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Aft;
A LETTER FROM TUE EDITOR
Dear Reader,
Special issues or numbers of any kind must obvi-
ously be released for, special reasons.We forward a fairly va-
lid one:the Third Independence Anniversary of the Republic of
Indonesia.
In the process of putting out such a publication,
we. are beset by the great fear that the finished product may
only be earmarked as one more propaganda hand-out though in
a IIcutified" (quoting Andy Roth) form.
As newspapers and magazines had emblazened/OIP
heavy ve?bal battles had raged in Lake Success over the In-
donesian-Dutch issue.Reports cmanaiting from all sources have
been released for reader consumption.Thanks to journalistic
ethics, whereby all correspondents have had to abide by the
credo that news reports must not be coloured or slanted as
per personal opinion, various news agencies and papers have,
to a certain extent, managed to give an objective view of
the Indonesian situation.
Yet, hampered by circumstances end the lack of
proper channels into fact sources, consequent result is that
a superficial aspect of the question is sometimes presented.
To make up for this shortcoming and to enlighten interested
parties further on the affair the Indonesian News Service
undertook the job as medium of the Singapore Indonesia Office
in its dissemination of news from and into Indonesia on
Indonesia and anything elsn tied up with it.
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But apart from this connection we strive hard at all
times, discounting emotionalism and pre-judices (note Tregas4m
kirt 'article within which, to a vbint is unfavourably revealing,
though certain facts had been hopped-up for color and Eensc,
tion, ), to stick to cut-and-dried news.This tack will, I be-
lieve, be more effeC6ive in our line of attempt to provide
our readers, sympathetic or otherwise, with reports on the
true state of affair:J.
On a. tight budget (contrary, unfortunately,to ru-
mour Pruited around that the Indonesia Office is wallowing
in ill-gotten dollars); and barUy a wee:: :s time to assemble ma-
terial; haggle with printers; make faces at unfortunate sugggs-
tions; we present cur "baby" with trepidation and modest down-
cast eyes.
Sly ?digs, well-meant criticizisms, remarks cruelly
decisive, and (from the really generous natured) bravos and
huzzahs; will be do:alt. with swiftly and accordingly.
At this juncture, we will pass along the information,
that the man in our front cover, wearing a "pitji" and mou-
thing words into a mike ls Dr.Amir Sharifuddin, then Premier
of Indonosia.He says his piece before ho binds his country
to the Renville Agre ments.
We will take a bow for now and no rotten eggs or gar-
den products pleaSe
Cordially,
E.E. M.
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TO SINGAPORE INDONESIANS.....
MERBEKA
Today the Republic of Indonesia is 3 years
old .11a-tb.in the span of these 3 years we had under-
gone tremendous sacrfices and which in return have re-
sulted to the achievement of a fair amount of progress.
To Indonesians in Singapore and Malaya the establishk.
ment of an Indonesia Office 0centered in Singapore, is
material proof of what has been gained.
At the colebr-ation oi this memorable day,
Indonesia Office will also have reached its year old
maturittr.Although resultant effect of its establish-
merit has not been felt by all Indonesians in this
country; it has fairly succeeded as an apparatus for
enlightening the outside world on Indonesia.For this
we can attribute to the splendid cooperation shown by
the Indonesians here in Singapore..e a success which
we are all proud of.
But we cannot just rest on our laurels.
We have yet a great responsibility before us.There
are other work to be done.
I hope this vital day will inspire us
Indonesians in foreign countries to double efforts in
the fl,afllmont of ou10.0-fending our right ....
A SOVEREIGN , INDEPENDENT INDONESIA.
TETAP MEEDEKAI
Oct oyo
Representative of the Re-
public of Indonesi,,
Singapore.
o0o
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RESU1 OF THE INDONESIAN POSER
I. Forword
17 August -1940.
II. The Nationalist Movement
and Birth of the Republic.
III. The Road to Linzgadjati
IV, The Economic Aspects
, V. The Current Political
Situation
VI, Latest Developments
I. Foreword:
The basic issue which 72,000,000 Indonesians
have been trying to resolve in the dispute with the Dutch
which bean when they proclaimed 'their independence
throuLhout the rich archipelabo at the end of the Japanese
occupation, is whether in the future they will work for
themselves or for 10,000,000 Dutchmen in far-off iiolland.
The Dutch have tried to obscure this one fact.
J2rotestinG loudly that all alonc they had intended to give
the Indonesians their freedom, the Dutch have pictured the
Repulaicans to the world as hot-headed extremists, Infec-
ted by Communism, unfit to brine; freedom to indoaosia and
rule it.
For thorn, the issue since they returnedto the
Islands from Which the Japanese booted them out so uncere-
moniously in 1942, has been painfully clear: hanz onto In-
donesia or face the dismal prospect of findin somewhere
else that 15 per cent of their national income which . for
1
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350 years provided them with one
standards
The Republican position was equally clear. They
saw their peonle wallowinL, in tne mire of sub-standard la.-
vin L; while all a;ound them wore the bounties of an axtrz..x-
tive economy unsurpassed anywhere.
of the world's highest
tqh_21a19.9d Colonists
The Dutch had advertised themselves throuchout
the world as the Liodel colonists, They established facul-
ties at their universiUies where young men were trained in
the fine points oY colonial administrationlin the language,
law, history and culture of the colony.
But the epublican view was that the Dutch had
still not Lot down to -ohc fundar.lentals of human wolfaru,
After 350 years oi Dutch rule, there were suet eneu3h
schools in Indonesia tr produce a literacy rate of dine
per cent and just one trained doctor for every 70,000
people.
The 1Zepublicans believed that they could do
better.
II. Ti N'ioijj JVLJL A.4-Z) .61nr.Lio,141f, WU1):,4C
The Ilepublic of Indonesia, sired by a Japanese
occupation three and a half years old out of a Nation-
list 7Lovement 40 years old, was born in the Jotherlando
-Last 'Indies on Au4ust l7. 19,45.
The collapse of the Japanese was the opportu-
dity for which the Republican leaders, convinced that an
2
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"For Brother Indonesia
("Untok Sudara2 Ba-
. ngsa Indonesia . ").
Three of Indian volun-
teers at Solo Railway
Station going on leave
from the "front" .
Note Japanese hand
grenade hanging horn belt
(Utusan Melayu Picture.
(Tiga perajurit bangsa
India diperhentian Kereta
api SoI.o - pulang berehat
"pertempuran".
Lihatlah bomd tangan
Djepang di pinggangnya.
In Memoriam . . .
(Sebagai Peringatan . )
To the war-dead of Indonesia towers this memorial
stone in Djakarta.
A. P. Correspondent Harris Jackson manf ully im-
proves the scen...:-.ry with a nonchalant strong-man stance.
Easy does it . ? . A bored air with the chest muscles
rigidly stuck out and presto - Atlas in mufti . . .
Pal, Eric Weiner of the French News Agency,
stifles a shy giggle with a delicate I ingel (tItusan
Melayu Picture).
(Untok memperingati parapahlawan Indonesia yang
tewas didirikanlah Tugu Peringatan mi di Djakarta.
Sa.orang wartawan A P. Ilarris Jackson, kanaiiH dan
saorang wakil Pemberita Pranchis, Erie Weiner kiri
telah pernah mengunjungi tugu terse but.
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Walls Scream Out . . .
The Tide of. Marchz4Vill
not be halt and neither cant
freedom for Indonesia - is
the essence of the message
of placards, posters and
"hand-writings on the wall".
Jogja walls have become
favourite media for the dis-
play of Indonesian artistic
flair. The feverish chant for
"Merdeka" has given way
to more sober and sophis-
ca ted credos.
Note samples of modern
art-work at the two lower
photos. (15t.usan Melayu
ictures.)
Tembok2 Jug.i Tiu
Betsuaoa
Sebagai tria na ;4 lo
beg-itu jug , p
keinerdekaan nt
nesia berjalark t
berhenti2 - dem i
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iln6lo-American victory was certain, had planned and or
nized.
They had been left to their own devices in doa-
lin with the Japanese by the surrender of about 10,000
Dutch troops in 1942. Duo to -Lle colonial -oglicy of the
Dutch, which Lave them opportunities only in the potty
areas of Lovornment, the indonesins found themselves un-
equipped to fiLht aniunpropared or the disaster which had
overtaken them.
Freedom was .61usive
??=1.1?01?.??????????????. wm?????a.mommsem.......wsra
It soon became apdarent to the Ilationalist lea-
ders that freedom under the Japanese was as elusive as un-
der the Dutch. They had been placed in the position of
tradin6 one master for another. The :ationalist Kovemont
bean actively to prepare for the end of the war in the
cific by splitting into two croups. Sockarno, who is to-
day the 2resident of the Republic, took over the _leader-
ship of Indonesia in a superficial collaboration with the
Japanese, and Sjarifuddin wont underLround as the leader
of the hesistanoc. Hu has since boon Prime -inister of
the aepublic under Soekarno. Latta, the 1)resent lrite Li-
nister, and Sjahrir, the Benjamin iranklin of Indonesia,
also played their roles.
The majpr gain of the 1,ationalists durinL the
occupation was the experience that thousands of Indone.
sians obtained in administration.
' The Dutch had educated at their universities in
3
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holland only a select few. Those were the men who assumed
the leadership of the rationalist lovemont in its 40 year'
strujc2le ajAinst Colonial rule. As a Consequence, they
spent a tood deal oJE their time in Jutch jails and concen-
tration camps. The Japanese brouciht Sookarno out of one
in 1342.
Movement Lacked Lnitv
Dosides the lack of trained people, the l'atio-
nalist Lovement in IndoLesia suffered equally from a lack
of unity. Vor a 1?116 time it had been mainly a reliLious
movement of Loslems. Than it went throw;h a -.period of
militant demand for outright freedom lor Indonesia. Pi-
nally, its program proposed the :british Commonwealth idea
of equal partnership, which the Dutch refused to accopt
until, under the stress of war and future uncertainties,
they put it forward in an emasculated form in 1942 as
their own idea.
There were few military prcblems facinj, the Ja-
panese in Indonesia. The collapoe of the Dutch had boon
so final, the position of the Indonesians themselves so
helpless, that the Japanese were able to (;ot alms with
fewer than 300,000 troops.
Accordin;ay, to save additional man-power, they
trained thousands of Indonesians in the elementary arts of
L.overnifient administration and, until it suddenly rose up
ck;ainst them in an abortive rebellion, they recruited and
trained an Indonesian army in the arts of war.
4
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Spurred on by this challenge, the Republicans
worked hard to disarm-tho ja:pance ?71a.nc1,4,00n'solidating
their authority over Java, Sumatra and Nadura - the three
principle islands - began to extend it to Borneo 5
and to the Great East - the Celebes, Ltoluccas and
Now Guinea.
At len3th, an Allied force was readied to land
in Indonesia to accept the Japanese surrender and to libe-
rate internees, The first plan was to send in an Ameri-
can force, but the Dutch at the last moment requested that
the British do the job.
Trouble with British
The British were almost g disappointment to the
Dutch, who expected better support for their interests,
from a fellow Colonial power. But the British had cone
into Indonesia with large numbers of Indian troops mad
could not take the risk of alienating India by getting
rough with the Indonesians.
Initially, the British accepted and dealt with
the Republican government, which took the responsibility
for the evacuation of Japanese troops fr9m the interior
and for the welfare of Dutch and other civilian internees.
All this was handled with sufficient dispatch that the.
British command managed to stay clear off political - if
not military - embroilment until the Dutch themselves were
beginning to organize and return.
Trouble broke out between the Republicans and
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asap, GDposed Republic
When the and came for Japan, their forces in.
Indonesia had no forulal policy toward the Republic ' that
was taking shape under their noses. There yore those in
the Japanese hi:_;h comiannd who stronE,ly opposed the forma-
tion of the Republic; there were others who felt that the
proclamation of independence would store up trouble ..for
the ie stern powers; those who winked an eye at it because
they felt that Japan had dealt only deuces to the Indone-
sians; and those whe wore just indifferent.
The Japanese garrisons which were over-run and
disarmed by the hastily assemblinL Indonesian Army seldom
put up resistance to the last man.
..lestly by insinuation, the Dutch have tried to
create the impression that the 20e1)ub1ic was the inspira
tional child of the jananese. Had there been in Indone-
sia in 1942 any concrete government of the people, with
coherent leadership, even under Dutch Colonial rule, this
charge could be val:_d. But Indonesia was a political va-
cuum.
THE ROAD TO LINGGADJATI
The end of the war and the proclamation of the
Republic caught the Dutch off-balance in .Australiat the
war-time seat of the Dutch East Indies Government, Baffled
at the turn of events, they wore indiscreet enough to or-
der the Japanese to-retain control until they could Loot
there,
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the British when the latter bean to extend their perime-
ters in the major ports which they occupied. There was
severe fighting in several areas, particularly in Surabaya,
where Briadier lalllaby was accidentally killed by one of
his own Indian troops and the Republicans were bldmed, and
in Bandung.
The _Dutch Face the Facts
By this time, the Dutch had taken over from the
Australians in the Great East, had returned to Borneo and
were pouring in increasing numbers into Java, Sumatra and
Dadura - the hub of the new Republic - under the British
wing.
However, they faced a situation which no amount
of wishful thinking on the part of the "Old Guard", who
lonc;ed for a return to the "good old days" pf normalcy on
a rich colony, and propaGanda could evaporate. The licpub-
lic wp there and however much the Luteh pretended to ob-
ject to dealing with so-called collaborationists, they had
to do so. They could blame the British for havinc,, in 14
months, allowed the fledgling 1Z(eblic to dig itself in,
but they still had to swallow their pride and nec_otiate.
The British, with a far better appreciation of the damage
that a blow-off in Indonesia could do throuhout the Par
Bast, sent Sir Archibald Clark-Kerr, later aashinEton Am-
bassador Lord Inverchapcl, to help the settlement along.
At a late stage of the necotiations, after In-
verchapel had assumed his post in 4ashington, the British
sent Lord Killearn (formerly Sir Liles Lampson, High
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Commissioner in ypt) as nediator to Indonesia.
The settlement reached was the Linggadjati'
Acreement, which was sicned on :uarch 25, 1947, after 16
months of bickerinc nocotiation Charles 4olf, a former
American Vice-Consul at Batavia, has stated that the ne-
3otiations were "dollinated by the will and stature of two
men, Sjahrir and van ,00k" (Hubertus van Looks the Dutch
Governor-General.)
Pressure on lier;otiations
Part of the trouble on the Road to Linadjati
was that the Dutch at home were still not reconciled .to
neotiation with the Republic. At first they had refused
to deal with Soekarno and Natta, maintaining that these
two leaders had been tools of the Japanese. The only nan
they would look at was Sjahrir.
iverythin;L, possible was done to complicate the
-bast of 1i-cm kook and Sjahrir. The Governor-General was
attacked by the press of his own country, as well as by
Indonesian newspapers, and Sjahrir was beinz; eontinually
reminded of the eight years which he had spent in Dutch
prisons,
Proposals and counter-proposals were the daily
lot of 'those men and their staffs. A change of government
in Eolland itself held up, the negotiations while the new
Cabinet reviewed its Indonesian policy under stronL richt-
wins pressure to force the final outcome. Subsequently ,
the formation of the new 3overnment was held to be rela.
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ted to a stiffenino in Dutch policy and a chance of heart
on the part of van hook before the outbreak of actual war.
At the sning of the AL]ree,cnt, the Dutch lea-
ders formally met Soekarno and put their sicnatures to a
declaration that recoLnized the do facto authority of the
Republic in Java, Sumatra and hadura; that proposed a U-
nited States of Indonesia comprisinc, the Republic, Bor -
nee and East Indonesia; a Netherlands-Indonesian Union to
be established not later than January 1, 1943, and dealt
with other matters of common interest.
Inter rotations Differ
On the surface, the Az,reement seemed to favor
the Republic, inasmuch as the Dutch reeo,Laized its autho-
rity over Java,
site was true.
The Dutch had Got the Republic to atjree to be-
come, in the United States of Indonesia, merely a State in
a Federal State. That hub of Indonesian FAtionalism
could therefore hope to control the affairs of the Union
only because Java, Sumatra and :zdura represented three-
fifths of the population and two-thirds of the wealth.
the Dutch, Joon after the
Sumatra
and Dadura.
Actually, the OP?
Furthermore,
bean to interpret the clause referrinG to the forication
of the United States of Indonesia as meaninG only that thD
Republic would cooperate after the formation, not that
the Republic would be included in its de facto iorm.
The Dutch beLan to hold out for a Federal State
9 ?
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of equal parts; the Republic for inclusion in its de fac-
to form. There was no meeting of the minds on this diffe-
rence of interpretation and the situation soon deteriora-
ted into the war ofaggression by the Dutch which was ter-
minated by the United :lotions Cease-21re Order of August
1, 1947.
IV. THE ECONOIIIC ASPECTS
Indonesia is one: of the world's greatest pro-
ducinL economies. Her products are Jogion - oil, rubber,
tin, mananese, bauxite, kapok, timber, gold, oil palm
products, tea and coffee, sugar, coconut products, rice,
sato and tapioca and spices of all kinds.
It was Indonesia, probably, that Columbus was
seekinj: when he discovered Ar4,,rica. Subsequently, the
wealth-hungry adventuraz of Spain and 2ortugal did got
there, although their opportunities for exploitation were
short-lived.
The Spaniards, soon to be decimated by the Bri-
tish Navy, could not muster the strength to .consolidate
their position, an the 2ortu8uese passed from the pie -
ture with them. The British, becomin, increasingly in -
volved throughout the world, let adonesia go to the Dutch
more or less by default, a1thou6h when they ruled in place
of the Dutch while Holland was undergoing occupation by
Napoleon, there was a strong bid by Sir Stamfor Raffles to
retain Indonesia. He had to settle for Singapore and Ea-
laya instead and the return of Indonesia to the Dutch in
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in 1814 was. the great didappointment of his life.
Dutch Controlled Trade
The Dutch East Indies Company first held sway
in the archipelago. The Royal Netherlands Government took
over only when the Company went broke as a result of the
developing complication of government and military protec-
tion Of its commercial holdings.
Under the thrifty Dutch, whose genius for pro-
fitable organisation cannot be denied, Holland flourished
at the expense of the Indonesians.
Before the war, the Dutch held investments. in
Indonesia, reported to be worth about four billion dollars
as against British investments of about 300 million fattd..,-
American of 250 million.
The Dutch controlled Indonesia's trade by an
intricate system of preferences that diverted, the trade
where they wanted it to go. Holland and Europe generally
got the best of the trade, both ways. America, had only a
small portion.. In 1939,- for example, when Indonesia's to-
tal trade was worth about 700 million (d6ltaz yAmdIrica,,
could buy only 90 million dollars.. worth of goods and sell
in return only 36 million dollars worth of goods..
This is largely why the Dutch cannot casi17be
dislodged from Indonesia, despite the written agreement
.
that all foreign holdings, Dutch included, will be respec-
ted by the Republic.
Broadly speaking, the Dutch are not-afraid of
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having their holdings expropriated. What they are afraid
of is the increased foreign competition they fear will re-
sult if the Republic controls the United States of Indone-
sia and hence trade and foreign affairs.
Holland, which before the war aould supply In-
donesia with one-quarter of her imports under L.,strolgly
protective tariff, couldn't stand up against America in
a free market.
Blockade Reveals Fear
This state of affairs. would be assured if for
no other reason than that the Republic, badly in need of
consumer goods and equipment which only America can supply
today in anything like the quantities ....,r,e61.11i4diuoifouidl
first of all sell her produce to America direct, elimina;
ting the Dutch middleman and gathering in the dollar pro-
fits herself.
Nothing but Dutch apprehension can account for
the nautili air blockade which they have thrown round 'thell
Republic, despite the de :fact l authbrity invested by the
Linggadjati Agreemnt, to cut aff completely any foreign
trade until a. political settlement as favorable as. possi-
bldi to the Dutch and -their .economic interests ? can .b
reached.
The Dutch Vi3W with horror the possibility that
the Republic might begin a direct trade with America that
would be hard, if not impossible, to terminate or reduce
later.
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It also explains why the Dutch have been working
ao feVerishly, in the areas which they occupy, to increase
their exports beyond this year's estimated 350 million do-
liars. They want the dollar profits from their ",inutst.
menta. It explains, too why they are negotiating a. 400
million dollar profits from their investments.a.explains;,
too, why they are negotiating a 400 million dollar Ameri-
can loan to Indonesia. They want further to develop the
resources which they hold.
Re5ublic's.,EcOnomtclEsIE122.
The Republican leaders have opened the door to
the foreign investor in a way that the Dutch never did.
All the necessary safeguards and incentives to
capital, especially American, will be provided, if it will
develop the country in cooperation with the.indonesian
people and their .government.
At the present moment the Republic owns stock-
piles worth an estimated 200 million dollars.
Only comparativaly small amounts can be expor-
ted by "running the blockade". The remainder is available
for immediate shipment to America when the blockade :oan
be lifted.
In its economic policy the Republican Govern -
merit has said in official statements that it will be gui-
ded by the following principles:
1. There should be free access to the material
wealth of Indonesia and no monoply will be
sponsored as was the case in the past under
colonial rule.
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2. Foreign investments in all. fields will be
encouraged, in.. order to raise the produc-
tion of the country.
3. Tho Government is prepared to give suffi-
cient incentives to foreiglL economic
groups, willing to take up economic acti-
vities in Indonesia. Stich ineentives
could be given in the form of special -
Government assistance, with regard to tax-
es, duties, etc.
4. The Republic of Indonesia guarantees to
safeguard and protect foreign interests
and will refrain from any unilateral con-
fiscation of foreign properties.
5. As the Government is anxious ?aise
production as quickly and as efficient-
ly as possible, it will encourage and '
sponsor to a very great extent the setil
tin-up of priv4J:e intereats as long aa
it is not detrimental .to ".the-geneial
welfare of the populationand as. long as
private interests,: are willing to comply
with the social acts and labour regula.-
tions in force Mich are meant to achieve
a:-reasonable degree of social security
for the Indonesian people.
V. THE CURRENT POLITICAL SITUATION
In their war of aggression of July and August,
? p ? ? .
1947,4the'Dutch_occapied wester.java., all of Madura and
East Sumatra, as well as the major ports in each island.
Much of this work was accomplished during the three days
?
that followed the U.N. Cease-Fire Order. It was not un-
til August 4 that Dutch forces ceased to operate.
This military action was the final breakdown
. of the Linggadjati Agreement. The Dutch had decided to
get tough.
The intervention of the Security Council pro-
bably saved the Republic from immediate extinction, a
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? Aboard his ship,
American Captain Tyree
says his piece before the
Dutch a,.nd Republican
signatories sign on the
dotted lines.
From his right is Paul
van Zeeland, the Bel-
gian member of the
G 0 C; N. Narayan ex-
Secretary of the UN GOC
and Justice Kirby former
Australian GOC member.
From Tyree's left is
Mr. Graham, the Ameri-
can Representative to
GOC (who was temporari-
ly relieved as President
of North Carolina Univer-
sity that he may hold the
post)' and Dr. Thomas
Critchley, now the Aus-
tralian member of the
Good Offices Committee.
(1. N. s: Picture).
-
The Renville and Indonesia (Perjanjian Renville dan Indonesia)
(Di atas kapalnya, Captain Tyree (Amerika) menerangkan, bahwa per-
janjian yg dibawanya telah ditanda tangan oleh wakil2 Republik dan Belanda.
Dari kanan Captain itu ialah: Paul van Zeeland (Anggota Belgia), lalu N. Nara-
yan bekas setia usaha K. T. N. dan Hakim Kerby (Anggota Australia dalam
KTN). Dari kid Tyree Mr. Cochran (Wakil Amerika) dan Dr. Thomas Critchley
(Anggota Australia dalatn KTN sekarang).
Kallurang: April 19, 1948.
, At he first Kaliurang Conference (Republican
'peat of Renville NegOtiations) Mrs. -Kirby wife of
Jt,Ir. Justice ItirbY - then Australian 14eniber of the GOC - went along.
At her left is ex-Vice Premier Setiadjit. Man slumped comfortably on his
p.ir and who holds the attention of all is obviously the Kirby.
(Persidangan, Pertama 'diKaliurang: (Terupat peri=ngan tentng Renville
idaerah Republik).
'Nyonya Hakim Kirby (Anggota Australia dalam KTN) turut sama. Di se-
belah kin i nyonya Kirby ialah Dr. Setiadjit (bekas P. M. muda). Yang dudok
sehat diat,as kursinya, dengan keadaannya yang tenang, ialah tuan Kirby.
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Doing the Van Mook Line
(Menyelenggarakan Garisan Van Mook)
"The Demarcation line drawn by van Mook on August 29, 1947, shall be
recognised as the 'status quo-line' which separates the areas controlled by
each side. The Military and police personn1-1 of both sides shall not be
allowed to pass through the status quo-line except in accordance to specified
regulations."- (2nd Point Truce Agreement.
Members of the Dutch
and Republican Military
Officers that met for the
.status quo-line conference
at the Priangan Sector.
Lt. Col. A. Kawilarang
,of the Republican Armed
Forces stands in front,
second from right. GOC
?observers were present.-
(I. N. S. Pictures.)
(Opsir2 Belanda dan
Republik Indones'a di
"konferensi status quo-
line" di dae rah Priangan.)
A group of Dutch and
Republican Military
Officers are shown
surveying the territory
of West Java during the
final delineation of that
area's status quo-line.
GOC military observers
were among the group.-
(I. N. S. Pictures,.
Sepasukan Opsir2 Be-
landa dan Republik ke-
lihatan memereksa d aerah
Djawa Timor untok me-
nentukan garis pembata-
san quo-line) bagi
daerah tersebut. K. T. N.
juga kelihatan bersama.)
Non-Belligerence At Work
Perajarit Ke-ainanan SIbuk BekerjA)
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fact for which it has been grateful., Consequently, the
Republic's policy is strict adherence to every decision
of the Council and full cooperation with the Committee
of Good Offices: which was established by the Council to
sit in on the settlement of the Dutch-Indonesian dispute.
The powers of the C.O.G. from the start were
limited to playing the role of a "drink pourer" at nego-
tiationa. It was given no power to arbitrate. It could
relay the complaint& of one party to tjhe other, and pass
on impartially Whored evidence to the Council
Negotiated Afreement
Its initial accomplishment in the Indommian;
dispute was the Truce Agreement followed by the Renville
Agreement of January, 1948.
The Renville Agreement has been ,Ip.randedf by
some as a very poor bargain for the Republic, but the Re-
public, reposing its trust in the U.N., adheres Ite:,it
strictly. It established a truce between the Republic
and the Dutch, but on the baais of Dutch gains in tbeir
police action. The Republic in effect signed away terri-
tory over which it had earlier held the de facto autho -
rity of the Linggadjati Agreement..
In return for the Truce, the Republic got a_
promissory note in one clause of the Renville Agreement
that plebiscites would be held in the disputed areas not
fewer than six months and not more than one year after
the final political settlement, that is, the formation
of the United States of Indonesia.
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The Re rule Agreement also provided guaran -
tees of freedom of speech and press, and assembly looking
toward political organization.
The jni on the document was hardly
the Dutch held a. spurious plebiscite in Madura
ly thereafter proclaimed the creation of a now
inclusion in the Urlited States of Indonesia.
scite", in which f-wer than half the
took part, allegedly revealed 90 per
sympathy, enabling an Mock to issue
drywheiv,
and short-
state for
The "plebi-
qurlifiedv.Voters
cent anti-Republican
his decree authori-
zing the new state. Two months later, 30 pro-Republicans
were elected to thu Madura Council consisting of 40 mem-
bers.
The Dut h next called a West Java Conference.
Two others followe6 and there emerged,
as
well 'ets? .the
pattern of Dutch tEctics in the political battle for con-
trol in Indonesial a sort of political organization for
a West Java State. Later there cttme the ostablishWent
of a State of East Sumatra.
The Republic was being subjected to political
blockade as well as economic blockade - a kind of "cut-
ting down to size" that the Dutch could cope with.
Here was the Dutch interpretation of. thetRen-
\tulle Agreement bei2g put into operation. In slicing gut
of the Republic and setting Jap as now states to be inclu-
ded in the United S-7:ates of Indonesia the areas which they
had occupied, the Dutch were creating their foundation foa
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a United States of Indonesia of more or less equal parts.
The de facto authority of the Republic was being ignored.
That the Dutch were deliberately creating "pup-
pet states" in Indonesia was vigorously denied by Mr. van
Kleffens, the Dutch Ambassador at Washington, at the Secu-
rity Council's discussion of the First Interim Report of
the C.O.G. last February.
.22211=ise Accepted
The Council heard the arguments of Mr. van Klef-
fens that the Committee's work was done and it could- .:bo
dispensed with, and the request of Dr. Ali Sastroamidjojo,
the Republican spokoznanIthat the Committee be given in -
creased powers.
The Council passed a.. Canadian compromise proo-
sal that the Committee continue its operations and a Chi,.
nese proposal that it investigate the political situations
in West Java and Madura, in vier of Republican i charges
that "puppet states" were being created in those areas..
East Sumatra did not figure in the Council's adoption of.
the Chinese resolution because the new, State was not os -
tablished until lator.
When the Committee's Rei:prt on West ',Sava. 'vas
forwarded to the Council and released, it disclosed that:
Despite Dutch denials, that they had called the
Conferences leading toward political organiza-
tion, they had in fact 'done so;
As in the so-called Madura plebiscite, fewer
than half of the qualified voters were able to
exercise their franchise in the election 'of- -
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delegates- to t?,].e. Conferenc because notifica-
tion of electicn was given in some ens no
more than. 15 days and in others only ? three
days in advance;
Regulations pertainin to a State of war and
siege wore invoked by the Netherlands_ authori-
ties. to forbid political gatherings. that inten-
ded oppesiti?yn to the Conference.
Substitute Colonialism
The Dutch want a truncated Republic. They want
a United States of Indonesia comprising East Indonesia, Dor-
neo, West Java, Madura, East Sumatra and a Republic eon-
sisting only of what is: left of Sumatra and Java. The exis-
tence of "puppet Ste' of their own creation in the U.S.
of 1. will enable the Dutch, in the Yetheriands-Indene -
an Union, to exorcise an indirect political control and
economic dominance that will represent as satisfactory a,
substitute for coaanial rule as it would he possible to
imagine.
They ha);(. indicated recently by two separate ac-
tions how fat they are prepared to g6 in blockading a -the
Republic, one in calling a federal conference of all con-
stituent areas except the Republic; and two, in breaking
off negotiations with th3 Republic on the flimsy excuse
?that compromise proposals offered by two members of the
C.O.G. wore allowed to leak to the American press.
The federal conference is, being held to
dis-
cuss all practical 3teps in the formation of the United
States. of Indonesia. Tho Dutch protest tat its punkose
is simply an informal exchange of views on the subject .
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The Republican reply is that so was the First West , Wava
Conference an informal exchange of views, but it led to
political organization.
The breaking Off of.negotiationsmay.pnlymeeane
that the Dutch now want to see the cards. in the Republi -
can hand. The Republicans are still willing .to,:neg6-
tiate. But their concessions so far have been countless.
They now want to see what the Dutch will do.
VI. LATEST DEVELOPMENTS
The compromise. proposal, offered by the Ameri-
can and Australian membera of the C.0,G., simply would do
away with the plebiscites because of the conflict over
whore they will be held, and substitute .instead direct
election of an assembly to establish an interim government
leading to the formation of the United States of Indonesi4
The Dutch are understood to have objections to
this plan, but this is not why they chose to rupture nego-
tiations on the additional grounds that the proposals had
been allowed to leak to the press.
The work of the C.O.G. has been distasteful to
the Dutch. They have been trying to discredit its efforts
for several months. new, beginning at the Security Council's
discussion of the First Interim Report last February when.
the Dutch argued that the C.O.G.'s work was done and that
its services could be dispensed with.
Much to the chagrin of the Dutch - delegation
then, the Council adopted the , ,Canadian compromise :re .
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questing the C.O.C. to continue and also the Chinese reso-
lution that it lock into the developments in West Java and
Madura.
Ditch Strongly Criticized
The Dutch have been afraid tKat this work would
inevitably reveal -to the world the facts behind the crea-
tion of the "puppet states" and similarly the degenerating
effects of their economic blockade on the Republic.
At the Security Council discussion following
the rupture, the Dutch found a number of nations allied a-
gainst them on the side of the Republic. Sniping at the
Dutch by the representatives of China, India, the Philip-
pines and Australia was accurate and concentrated,but they
escaped relatively unscathed when the Council did not a-
dopt a suggestion by the Syrian delegate that '-theAplame
for the breaking cif of negotiations be fixed.
Before the Council could meet again, the Dutch
agreed to resume negotiations with the Republic.
But this more favourable turn of events could
not offset the gloomy report made to the Council by the
C.O.G., which had to admit that its efforts in Indonesia
were not meeting with success. The report plainly indi--
cated that the C.O.G. was discouraged. The Republicans
and the Dutch were glaring at each other with suspicien
cross the status quo lines.. The effects of the blockade
on the internal situation in the Republic were becoming
more severe. Nowhere did there seem to be any real mee-
ting of the minds.
nn
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Prime_Minister Hattals Views
At this point, Prime Minister Hatta spoke up
in an interview with the Christian Science Monitor, Daniel
L. Schorr, and stated in effect that the situation, al-
though sickly, was by no means beyond repair.
"In the end," said the Prime Minister, "the two
countries must establish friendly relations as soon as; pos-
sible.. We must have confidence in each other'. Quick ac-
tion is necessary because of the situation all over the
world.
"Holland must strengthen herself, and we can
help Holland more than she thinks once we are free to ex-
ploit our natural resources and introduce economic planning.
We can strengthen and perhaps save, the economy of the
Dutch. We are prepared to place large orders in Holland,
give them a preferred position in Indonesian economy, and
ask their aid in building new industries needed for Indo-
nesian reconstruction."
'For example, we might be in a position to gua-
rantee a loan placed by the Dutch abroad because of our
vast resources.
We want economic cooperation
Dutch; we can certainly use their --,chnicians and experts.
But we must first-have confidence in each other."
Four Proposals Offered
Prime Minister Hatta listed, informally, his ?
proposals:
1. Accept the suggestion of the C.O.G.
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the
2. Solve the question of sovereignty during
the interim period by an arrangement si-
.thilar to that employed by Lord Wavell in
India, The Republic would recognize
Dutch de jure sovereignty, but with the
understanding that the de facto autho -
rity would be in Indonesian hands.
Reduce the Republican army from 462,000
to 50,000 or 60,000 and place it'under
joint command with a Dutch force.
4* Avoid extension of the Republic's fo
reign relations., but maintain what has
been built up so far as a contribution
to the diplomatic service of the future
United States of Indonesia.
These proposals of Prime Minister Hatta cover
all the disputed plints with the exception of the details
of the proposed Union of the Netherlands and the United
States of Indonesia. The Republicans view the Dutch plan
as simply the establishment of a. "super-state" instead of
a union of two equal sovereign states.
Concessions Required
The elements for an understanding now exist.
There is required only a. meeting of the Minds in order to
achieve it. But it is apparent that concessions. must be
made by the Dutch, too.
In fact, it is their turn to do so. As Prime
Minister Hatta declared, "If we have to abolish what we
have built up, then we abolish ourselves.
"The Dutch must recognize what has happened in
the past six:years. We have made many sacrifices for our
independence, both during and after the Japanese occupa
tion. How can we deny ourselves by accepting the Dutch
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proposal entirely? If we abolish our foreign relations
and aux army, then all will be arranged as it was before.
The Dutch would return to their colonial conception."
The Republican view is that it is not fighting
for its independence, but to retain its independence.
In that endeavor, it obviously has the full sup-
port of the whole of the Asiatic peoples in China, India, '
Pakistan, Burma, the Philippines, and the support also of
the outspoken Australians, whose opinions about what is.
best for Asia and the Pacific more often than not conflict
with those held in the West generally. This is a factor
Of growing importance which the Dutch cannot long continue
to ignore.
o0o
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AUSTRALIAN COLSTISSIONER ON
INDONESIAN INDEPENDENCE ANNIVERSARY
The problems of Indonesia that are being die -
cussed to-day, as: they have been for the past three years,
though different in practical substances are substantially
the same as all those other problems, big and small, which
are Causing concQrn throughout the world.
They can aLl of them have but one solution.Let
Men of goodwill., real goodwill, get together putting
side the pre.rconceived crejudices of history, forgetting
selfish national ambitions., and petty self-interest .for
the sake of the good of the world and not the few 'min=
they happen to represent. Then we may see the resurrec -
tion of the round table of the Arthurian legends instead
of the hostile many-tongued babble that characterises so
many of the international bodies and conferences convened
.to solve .the crucial problems of the world today,
In such an. atmosphere, free from fear and sus-
picion, we may sec a plan for peace emerge. It will be a
plan that will enable the world to work for the progress.
and betterment of humanity and not -just ourselves, our own
country, nation o2- race.
24
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Two Great Minds Attuned
( Dua Pemimpin Bersehaluan. )
Dr. Sjabrir, then Premier of Indonesia, gives with a wide, toothy grin, striking
an indecorous contrast to India's Pandit Jawalietrial Nehrus subdued lip-stretch. Occasion:
Dr. Sjahrirs public appearance at an international gathltring when he attended the plenary
session of the Inter-Asian Relations Conference on April 1, 1948. - (G . I . I . S. Pictures).
Signing of the Treaty
of Friendship -between
Egypt and the Republic.
Time: June 10, 1947
Place: Egypt's Foreign
Minister's Office.
13c-goateed Hadji Agus
Salim, then the
Republic's Vic-Minster
of Foreign Affairs
and Mr. Mahmud Fahmy
Nokrashy l'asha, Premier
and Foreign Minister ,of
Egypt . signatories
in action.
(Utusan Melaya Pictures)
Upon the Dotted Line .
( Menandatangani Perjanjian. )
:
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Stop-Over At Singapore
( Singgah di Singapore)
Sjahrir turns up to greet Kallang Airport arrivals: Amir Sharifuddin,
then Prime Minister of the Republic, and Hadji Agoes Saliva, Republic's Foreign
Minister. Transient visitors were en route to Bukit Tinggi, Sumatra's Republican
Capital, to fetch Dr. Moh. Hatta. Approaching signing of the Renville Agreements
necessitated Hatta's urgent presence at Jogja.
En Route To South East Asia Confab (Dalatn Perjalanan Kepersidangan Asia Tenggara)
A brief pause at Singapore for Indonesian delegates to the South East Asian
Conference at India. Man at left: Mr. Soeripno, (which should ring a bell).
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RECONSTRUCTION IN THE REPUBLIC
The Minister for Economic Affairs in the Repub-
lican Cabinet, Dr. Sjarifuddin Prawiranegaral has recently
completed a. tour of reconstruction projects in yarious
parts of Java. and Sumatra. During his tour, the Minister
was accompanied by members. of the Reconstruction Section
of the Working Committee of the Republican ? Parliament, and
by officials of the State Industrial Beard. (
? In his .report, the Minister pointed out that
many of the factories he had inspected were built either
before the war Or7.during the Japanese occupation. How-
ever, a number had been built by the Republic and these,
as Dr. Sjarifuddin made clear, represent a considerable
a-
chievement in view of the conditions of blockade and the
general shortages of labor and material in Indonesia.
Most of these new factories have been' built
from materials evacuated by the Republican forces from a-
rea a threatened by the Dutch forces during the "police ac-
tion" last year.
New Factories
Recent Republican indUstrial developments in-
clude the building of a. potassium factol-y and paper mills
in the Madioen area, and the rebuilding and runnin , of.
%carbonic acid, alcohol, quiniae and rubber processing
plants. These are a tribute to the ingenuity and techni-
cal skill of Indonesians, who have succeeded in overcoming
25:
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the shortage of material and other necessities.
One of the great shortages - and one which is
causing, according to Dr. Sjariffuddin, a great deal of
Nlay in the opening of these plants - is the lack of
electrical installations of all kinds, particularly gene-
rating plants. The shortage of thesc essential items has
greatly delayed the opening of the alcohol and carbonic
acid fg,ctories.
The recently-opened quinine factory, near ha-
dioen, is now turning cut 25,000 quinine tablets daily,
and this output will be greatly increased in the near fu-
ture as more material is made available to the factory.
Otter planta in other areas have been conver-
ted to produce the materials which are most urgently re-
quired for the recovery ef the country.
No Labor Shortage
For example, the coconut oil factory at Tulung-
Agung has been converted into a. paper mill. It is ex-
pected that the oil factory at Kediri will also be con-
verted in the future.
Dr. Sjarifuddin's report makes' it clear that
the shortage of labor is not general throughout the Re -
public, but rather occurs in places where the normal eco-
nomic life has been disturbed by war-time conditions.
In the Tjepu district, for example, where the
oil wells and refineries are being used by the Republic,
approximately 8,000 workers are available in excess of
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the numbers required.
Speaking of his general impressions, after his
tour, Dr. Sjarifuddin said that, although the Republic and
the people are making very great efforts, many difficul..,.
ties remain to be overcome before the demands of the coun-
try's industr5t can be fulfilled.
o0o
AMERICAN PRESS ON INDONESIA
Richard Tremahla_ln_TRUE 11ar;a4ne June 1)48
TROUBLE IN HEAVEN
The war left its mark on Bali, but things are
slowly getting back to normal, and maybe it
won't be long before the islands chief attrac-
tions will be displaed as freell as ever
(By Richard Tregaskis)
Denpasar, Bali - Your correspondent suffered a
severe case of the disappointments that first day in Bali.
It seemed to me. certain that some very important attrac -
tions, things which had made Bali famous as a tourist pa-
radise,. wore slippLn slippir*; under cover, that is.
Coming back to the ',Ian Hotel after a walk that
afternoon, I kept murmuring, "Drat the Japs, :drat .the
-Japs," or something similar. or it seemed that the Japs,
and influences they had set in motion (like the Indonesian
revolution) had succeeded in makin6 the people of Bali
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takut, which is to say both shy and afraid. And that day
Bali's traditionally chest-proud women were certainly ta-
kut about their much-advertised fizures.
had been warned about this at Sourabaya, Java,
the last port of call en route, by an American * who hgd
just returned from 3a11, He blamed the Jap-occupation arid
rough handling by-fip soldiers for the new shyness of Ba:-
lines? womankind, and for other changes in this vaunted
paradise. The much-ballyhooed land of "temple dancers"
and (incidentally, of course) bare bosoms, had boon al -
tered by the war, like everythin else, said my American
friend and I had noticed certain ill omens even before.
First, there was the unexpected red tape of get-
ting a permit to go to 'Bali, because it is no loatr;er un-
der the direct control of the Dutch in Java. Now it's
part ofthe Dutch-s)onsored "independent" state of Last
Indonesia. Then there was the .L.;ast Indonesian customs in-
spection. At the airfield in Denpasar, there's now an
office with a tri-lingual sign saying Bea-Douanc-Customs.
But the 'dost grievous alteration in Eali, it
seemed to me, was nothin6 political, but a new uedusty
and shyness on the part of womankino..
Riding in to the hotel from the airfield, ex-
pectantly scrutinizing the bright jungle.greenterders of
the road, I noticed that the najority of the cocoa-colored
women we passed were thoroughly covered, not only by sa-
rongs but also by long-sleeved LcaLsia2.1 the jackets farrii-
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liarly worn in Java, where the feminie anatomy is supposed
to bc more discreetly concealed.
Other brown women plodding alon the roadside,
balancing bundles on their heads, wearing scarf-like pie-
ces of cloth draped around their necks, over their chests.
As our truck passed (transport has also been affected by
the war, in Bali), I glimpsed a couple of old women sittinj;
semi-nude in the privacy of their split-bamboo houses,but
hastily looked away; that was too rIa.l.ch like poopini:, for
maybe the game wasn't worth the caPdlo. And as we rolled
into the capital town, I wondered if this were the right
country, the place we've seen in movies that display bob-
bing bosoms strung tog.ethor with some ridiculous excuse
for a plot.
In Denpasar itself most of the busts were co -
vexed by hah212a; and those distantly soon which were not
.at first concealed, were turned away, or were hastily dra-
ped as we approached.
After alunch of rice-strafol, I started on foot
down the main street of thatch-topped walls andthach-roo.?
fed houses, determined to view J3ali's charms more closolLr,
and saw only the follewinL takut-stricken females:
1. Several Lirls padding along in saron6s and
kaba''as, tight sheaths of skirt and long-
s eeve jackets which are as concealing as
cocktail dress,)s.
2. A girl in a black and red western-style
dress, ridin6 a bicycle.
3. Two fcmmes in sarongs and Le:122LE, n the
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back seat of a jeep driven by a Lalay.
4. An old lady, naked from the waist up, who flung
a protective white cloth over her upper body as
I approached.
After a half-mile or so of street peopled mostly
by skinny mongrel dogs, chickens and loudly-crowing roos-
ters, rain began to fall. I stoped under the shelter of
a lamai, the ceremonial gate of one of the square corn -
pounds which serve as houses here, and secretly hoped a Do-
rothy Lamour would pass by.
A few minutes lc..ter a young, well-bosomed, co..
coa-colored c.,:!r1 hurried into sijit; and she was uncovered,
torso-wise g- but not for long. SpyinL, the white man at
the gate, she covered her breastworks with a wicker btlsket.
(.12he deep shame and fury of the unsucccsful ot;ler overtook
me, and I thought: "!iell, :111 ,;o back to the U.S. and vi-
sit a Chicac:o stripteascrie, if I want to be iocher. It's
easier."
And when the rain stopped, i went disconsolate-
ly back to the hotel, cussing the Japs who were blamed for
this plague of shynesstand'my humiliation. And later that
evening, as I surveyed the Bali aotel dining roo, now te-
nanted by Dutch officers, and the now-deserted dance pavi-
lion, once gay with the splendid rialinese baronrYs
and wayanp;s, I cuss3d the Japs And in the still,
hot niiht, filled with the sinister barking of de:;s and
the occasional passing rumble of a truckload of arrcd sol-
diers "keeping be peace," I longed for the splendid days
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of the tourists, before the Japs and the Revolution
brouht plenty of trouble to this iaradise.
That first day's impression, like most, was
more grim than later experience warranted. 1:ow, two
weeks later, I can assure you that the 73alinese Ilevolu-
tion(sArITI.s it was) has been pushed back to almost no-
thin:; that the Balinese still dance and have Lay times
(thouEh the war has loft a mark); and that althouLh they
are
by and afraid, about half of the Balinese women
still Go about with bare busts - and can be photoL,raphod,
if they don't sue you first.
By comparison with other alleed 2aradises,
Bali is still way out in front. It's the closest thing
this writer has seen to the South Sea islands of the
motion pictures. The dances and paintincs, music and
carvinL:s, the Excon rice fields, the coconut pals, and
the beautiful people arc a3toL_ether stunninL, especially
for a first-time visitor. And the Vast majority of the
people, even the TIalinese intellectuals admit, are not
at all interested in the political ructions which the
slaps set off.
Yet the Bali of today seems to be a letdown
for tourists who were here before the war. They find
prices hi0).or, the people more independent and .lese
jolly, reads bad, transportation short. Three American
couples - all residents of other parts of the 4Ja.st and
vacationing at the partially-filled 'Jail Lotel - told
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me the gaiety of old was sadly diminished; and the men re-
marked ruefully that the days of totally unhampered
ro-
search into the size and Shape of bosons are vrobably [L:one
forev-ii. severely curtailed arc:the) joys of cIassifyin pas-
sinL; native slls as oliveso lemons, oranes, 6rapefruit,
coconuts, s;:)aniels' ears, etc. A majority of the women in
Denpsar, and perharis a little less than half of those in
the backblocks, today hide their lihts under bushels of
one sort or an4her, it was areed, which is downricht un-
fair to tourists trj2111ft on Goona Goona, Leon and such
like Movies.
You can't blame the 3alinese. The ? first ?
affront to their dibaity with the oomin6 of war was the
Grabbiness of the clap assault troops, rouh boys who
were n't content with merely lookinc. They also had a dis-
aGreeable habit, offpicki.:1 up -women, especially those who
were a:little flighty, and hustlini: them off to Fipponese
bordellos. Lany ties mistakes were made, and perfectly
respectable 6irls were carried away. Ijo wonder the you'AG
and, attractive ones were airaid to venture out semi-nude
in Denpasar, the. Jap headquarters, Even before the Japs.
came, the tourist capital had been subjected to western
influences, and more modest dress was bocinnina to ap -
pear, p.menGst the ha;tives ? But returnin3 tourists say the
city has never been so well under oovor as now.
The country districts,, where neither westerners
nor Jo.;_is made such .deep. penetrations, are freer of surto-
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rial restraint. But there, too, on and women arc
distrustful.
Bali has-been more c;ently handled by both Japs
and Dutch than Java, but the million-odd Jalinese have ne-
vertheless been through quite an ordeal, from the first
Jap landinc: to the present, when trucR:bads of Dutch sol-
diers still hunt "terrorists" (Indonesian left-win,:ers)
in the rice padis and jun les, and attend native dances
with loaded Sten nuns and Lee-Enfields.
Thezed-and-white flu: of the indonesiafz LZel-mb-
lie, hoisted here at the end of the war, isn't seen any
more althounh the native Itepublic is stron in nearby Ja-
va. Bali is under fairly stiff Dutch control, and is wil-
lin3ly, say the Dutch, a heartj member of the new last In-
donesian state. But there are still terrorists in the
of central Java who feel the East Indonesian state
is only a new front for Dutch control. And'there are
al-
so a few Jap soldiers still at larne in the mountainous
interior.
Dutch expeditions ciainst the terrorists Lc) on
intermittently. I went on one such 400-man sweep, with
mortar support and even a scoutinL airplane. The "po-
lice actions" are of small scale and have a comic-opera
flavor. But the strife, inconsequential its the island
as a whole, is crim to those natives caught in the middle
Of it. Often the terrorists swoop into a vilIane, demand
food, and stab or chop up villacers Who don't help them.
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If the villaLcrs do help, the Dutch punish them by jail
sentences or by forced work on road Lanzs. About 2,000
Balinese "extremists" arc held in jail by the Dutch now,
including not only townspeople ca.uLht in the middle, but
about 1,000 leaderE., includinz 2oedje, the lawyer appoin-
ted to Lovern Bali. So it's no wonder some of the Bali-
nese are takut.
The Dutch say the tery'crists are outlaws and c
criminals, denounced by even the Indonesian govermient
in Java. The Balinese intellectuals say the Dutch have
used stronz-arm methods to pacify 3ali and force it into
alliance with the new state of L'ast Indonesia, makin3 the
feudal rajahs stroner and then indirectly controllinL
them. Yost of the people apparently don't cive 4 damn as
long as they have "their rice and relicion , but it's un-
derstandable if they arc a little confused. As for in-
stance, in the matter of currency, The paper guilder -
after three switches - now has only half of the value of
the ancient silver item. The natives like .ociagy with
"clinket" - it Loos "clink" when you handle it.
One wise and continDinb policy of the Dutch in
coverninc Bali, however, has boon a hands-off attitude to-
ward the relizjous rites Luld festivals which are so pre-
cious to the people. The Jape made the mistake of inter-
fcrin,L; with one of the nest sacred rites, the offerin,j of
rice to the Goddess of 22ertility. The systematic 1,iPs
couldn't see the sense of lettinL good rice
go to waste
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on the altars when the comodity was st.,,ctly rationed and
very Short. The rice crops were bad durin6 several years
Of the Jap occupation, and;.. the Balinese
because the gods were displeased. This
alleed that was
was more serious
to the Jalinese than the Taps' habit of pickinG up women
and puttinG them in bordellos. The blunder undid much of
the ambitious Japanese propanganda effort.
Still, the Jap propa unda for a Greater Last A..
sia 0o-2rorperity Sphere took some roots. There was enough
talk about freedom in the 13ali Simbun, the Jap newspaper,
to create at least a subconscious desire for self-determii.
nation, And when the Japanese Surrendered, August, 1945,
and the Dalinese sat and Waited for six moAths for the
Dutch or Lnc,lish or somebody to Come back an be masters,
land nobody carr,c - than the seeds of Jap propaL,anda beLan
to sprout. For quite a low Jlonths after they finally ar-
rived, the Dutch reaped a crop of minor whirlwinds. Little
gusts of violence are still springing up.
The unhappiness of riali began on February 13,
1342, when a Galaxy of green and white signal liLhts buan
to blink in the ni,:ht off Sanoor, at the island's sou-
thorn tip. Then thins really ben to happen. The Lip-
ponese assault troops, described as fat and Woncolian,
marched to Donpasar and set up headquarters in the Dutch
Resident's house. The police headquarters build in was
established in a former bicycle shop at the ?ose of the
oinds, the principal crossroads. The shop had been con-
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ducted in pre-war days by a Japanese runt named -ura, who
made a lot of helpful yhotos, left T3aii, and rc.turnc.d
the invadinL troops as a civilian adviser.
The Jo.: soldiers, rw,Led characters in little
peaked caps and wraparound puttees, found the streets of
Denpasar subdued an. quiet. 1.any of the Balinese had ta-
ken to the hills, i'ollowin6 the exc,I.:iple of the Dutch.
Denapasarlef line of fli!qsy, wooden-fronted sou-
venier shops which specL.Llized in sellin carved statues
of dancin?; Lirls to tourists, were nostly locked up and
abandoned. But the soldiers broke in and helped thou-
selves, and where the shops were open, set their own pri-
ces and paid -in Japanese occupation money. When they saw
a ,00d-lookinE babe on the street, 411 the _typical Balinese
state of semi-nudity, sorie of them Lxabbed with their
hands.
As the troops fanned out over the island to
the princi,a1 towns, this happened in many places. he
soldiers were roua oneuz-,h so that the local Jap comman-
. der went to the rajah of the nofth-coast town of Sin,arn-
dja, for in tdnec, and said he uls worried about his non,
- and would the rajah be kind onouill to i_j_ve him a list of
eliLible women so that ho cold set up a bordello and
forestall incidents. This was done.
And in lienpNsar, five joro houses were set up
for the soldiers. Or these, some of the known whores
were recruited from the two tourist bordellos. But other
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candidates Wore picked almost at random. Wncre a L:irl
had once, boon felled by a Jap soldier, willinLly or un-
willinjrt she was
some cases, a Girl
fair or two before
considered to be fit timber. And in
who had been involved only in an af-
the Japs arrived, was picked up and
confined in a house of joy. Several of the Chinese lid-
pe d to locate such supposedly fli,hty 3dr1s. One noto-
rious procurer was Chan u Ho-Sin:Ju who owned Denpasar's
one-horse movie theatre, the fiollyvood.
iiistakus wore made, sonotift,es deliberately,
ALionL other wenches not so spotless, friend Chan G Jo -
Sin procured at least one quite innocent Lalincsu lass
for a Jap house. or this and his other niddecds, he
eventually paid the penalty: on December 12, 1945, four
months after the Japs capitulated to the Allies, ChanL
was stabbed, shot and otherwise done in by a mob near
the :Bali hotel.
The Japs took some women quite arbitrarily,
on their mr initiative,
up on reputations.
and without botherinL; to
Some ,irls wore simply picked
Jap trucks on the roads and not heard from ajdn.
on authenticated case a laar school teacher became an
inmate in a Jap house at Sin,aradja when a ilipponese re-
cruitinc, aLent threatened to kill all the people in her
villaLe unless she z,ave in.
And so the people - especially the womenfolk -
Grt1;i excoodinL;ly shy. ahon the t:irls had to Eo to market
check
up by
In
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they wore Inodust 121alla, scarZs, even old towels.
Another habit of the Jap nilitary made the wo-
men leery of venturin: out on f_c roads; This was based
on a rule that the laliaese must bow, Jap style, when ,a
military policeman went by on his motorbike. If there was
no bow, then the ofrendin .Dalineso would be whacked by
the policemen's baton, 'ale standard mode; rir cbrrt
three feet ion,: an0 made of heavy teakwood.
This caused a lot of iiinor calamities because
it is the well-known habit of Balinese women to carry
mountainous burdens carefully balanced on their heads.
4hon they tried to bow, there were landslides of head -
freiLhl. 4;von the disc:,pline-rainded Japs could sec the
folly of all this. They quickly chanted the rule: If
tne women would just stand at rnilitary attention when sol-
diers passed, that would be sufficient. Today, . Dutch
Larrison,troops wonder why girls with loads on their '
heads often face their ')acoini; trucks, standinL, with feet
to6ether, soldier-fashion.
But the worst thinL was the riLid Japanese ru-
tioninu, system; rutionirc of rice, pork, beef and cloth.
Relicion plays a very biL part in everyday life in 3ali.
Thousands of deities mutt be assue? d with offurinLs, dan-
ces, festivals. In one town, Gebood, there are eiLht
temples, ald there are cixtocn fostivcas a year, ninimm,
and each time offerinLs must be brouht for the Go4s;
fruit, ea,s, rico cakes and su,...ar cakes. The Tjokorde,
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or feudal lord, told me that the L.ods were definitely dis-
pleased durinf; the Jap occupation; tationinL put a crimp
in the offerins, so the ,ods in turn Nado the crops bad.
It was a vicious circle.
The Balinese depend on rice for life, and a
vary inportant ritual is built around its plantin,, cul
tivation and harvostinL,. Offerins of rice must be made
to the goddess of 7iertility and a host of other deities
at many times during the L,rowinc, of each crop. Naturally
the Jap plans for rationinu raised hell with the rice and
suGar offerin6s. The Dips not only triod to corner all
the rico prodtced as it came out of the sawahs, they or-
dered some farmers to shift over to growing cotton, badly
flooded for 'iJip uniforms.
The farmers who worked in the sawahs (most of
them comLunity property) uunaed to hide some of ,their
rice output from the Japs, and there was a black mhrtet
where you could buy rice for the equivalent of ??2
can) per pound. But the Japs were severe with offenders,
both at scllinc, and buying. imprisonment or beatinLs were
standard punishments.
The Uipponuse masters also built factories:
small plants for nakinG rou,7;h cloth, and a loather works
for shoes, and a suGar factory and a meat-packin,? plant.
The Dutch had avoided such industrialization, tryin, to
keep Bali as unchan,ed as possible because of the profita-
ble tourist businos.
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Dore civilian advisers also carie in after the
aduinistration chan,cd frail Ar-ly to ,avy hands, and sou?
of them imported a printin, plant fro..2 bourabarapand bean
Bali's' first, if propac,anda-ridden, newspaper, the Aali
Simbun,
The Simbun, ecinin sily "newspaper", pro-
claimed the news with a very anti-white flavor.41:arently
the prolriaanda took so:e root, .L1 of the Lalinese
today remain resentful of the presence of Luropean bosses.
And in the idpronose scheme, 3ali be:Lan to cc
used extensively as a rest camp, for wounded or battle -
worn soldiers. One :;a1:Lne o account of this is pictures-
que: "They wore so thin when they came. JLnd when they
wore thick aLain, they loft." Recuperation centers were
built at the towns of Sanoer and Kesi.lan, near Depasar,
and at Surak, joeklt andlVadjoong. offi -
dials, civilians and Arty officers were lodi:ed in the is-
land's showplace, the Ecli hotel. Socres of Japanese
painters came to record the beauties cf the new territo-
rial acquisition.
In those victorious times, the Jape were
lenient even -rith the European )ain+ers who had boon
cauLht in aij by the invasion. A kindly old -;elian ar-
tist, A.G. J.Je _ayeur, was allowed to stay in his ornately
carved bun4ialow at Sanoer with his Tialinese wife, 2ollok,
and work unkolcsted. his house, decorated with ilural -
like paintins of 3alineso 6irls, was oven a sort of
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seeing mecca for Jap soldiers.
The Swiss painter, Theo Leier, was naturally
reslectedi. as a neutral - and oven allowed to build a
AQW house l But the most anazinL, bit of kindness in the
new Jap regime was that they allowed two Dutch painters,
hofkor and Bonnet to ,;() on with their work in their
hoT.;es for several months.
Had the war proLressed smoothly for the Japs,
Bali miij.it have received even more gentle troat:Aent. '3ut
the fight loci:an to be difficult. Conlander Horinozi was
removed from his Bali comnand and sent. to Guadalea4a1,
where he, was killed. And succeeding cou :Anders at Don ,!
pasar were not so easy. The arrival of a
flight of bombing planes which killed some Jars, ,but no
Balinese, didn't improve the temper of the .lips at all.
And their plans for mobilizing Bali's farminc, products we-
ren't working out too well. The Jalinese night be a
supine, spineless people, but they were pretty good at
non-cooperation when they wanted to be. If they wanted
to be. If they didn't like the idea of growing cotton in-
stead of rice, they deliberately raised poor crops, then
hid
said the soil was unsuited. They successfully/stores of
rico and oven pigs from the Japs.
And the Nip soldiers weren't growinE any more
popular with the Balinese lasses-. :then thea convale-
scent slant-eyed boys began to grow "more thick" and feel
their oats as they recuperated, they often did what the
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assault troops had done after the lafidina -- grabbed
bosoits. And of course the Jap brothels were exaanded as
the number of troops incroased0 There was also an inci-
dent involvinc SOLu Jap soldiers and an officer and 201-
lok, the beautiful Tialinese wife of the 3eljian painter.
One of the Jap sihtscors who came to Le ayour's splen -
did cottat.,e by the sea:aide was an officer who brouirht a
camera and mado pictures of the cottaac, the paintints
and so on. ue also made some shots of 2ollak, oodestly
Larbod in saront and a luntth of ornate cloth. A few days
later the officer came back with four enlisted ton, made
more pictures, and finally asked Lc layour if Pollok would
,pose nude from the waist up, as she did in ocoros of
painti1L3s the artist had made. L Tayctr said no. The
Jap asked why not; after all, lc :aycur had lots of pain-
tints and photoaxaphs of in the semi-nude around
the house. L a2/cur said that was correct in 2a11, but
if the Jap mad? such pictures the Japanese would think she
was a bad woman. The Jap said Le :cur shouldn't be ri-
diculous. Lc T'ayour said there was no usear6uinc,; in
Deltium when they said no, they meant no, Then, says the
artist:
rae ?
"2irst thin,: I know, the Japanese has struck
sec he is LettiLt ready to do it aa-_ain. So 1 toll
him to leave my house and never come bacc atain. Those
Japs, they thin vith terror they can make people weak.
4ith the 7alinesc, perhaps 0
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Scoin that Be Jayour was only enra,ed by the
blowl,the Jap and his soldiers hurriedly left the cot .
tae, And the Was bravo criauh to ,o to Denpu-
sar and rake a complaint to the coinandunt. LothinL,
however, CO of it.
The island population as a whole didn't have
the couraLe of rashness of Le la,,Tcur. They apparently
took what the Japs dished out to them without an audible
murmur. Theo eier, the Swiss painter, sums it up:
"Che Japs were very pleased to find one mil-
lion of people as cowards on their feets."
The Japanese occupation wnct on in 'relative
calm, with only occasional spurts of official severity ?
when a new covernor cane to the island, when there was an
Allied air raid, or when the Balinese farmers and factory
workers weren't producinL; the expected aut2ut. The Sim -
bun continued to assure the 'k7ainoSe that the .driLlish,tho
:Putell, the A7)oricans were, fallinc back before the valiant
Japanese forces which 1116rc fi_htinz the bi war ior the
freedom of creator East Asia.
:t3ut then, saddenlj, the Japanese Empirc collap-
sed before the Allied onslau,ht. In Lcn2asar, r. 112ra,
the former bicycle shop owner who had cod back with the
Jars onnitt od. hara-kiri.
lilere was no new about the
surrender in the 3imbun, at first ? but tht-people soon.'
found out.
4?ainter Lez,ieur relates: "The JaPs told the
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Balinese the Dutch were ,:one for jood, the Bn,lish wore
finished, the Anericns, they no loner existed. Then all
at once they said the Japs elonnin,: houses and streets.
Why? "Ale LinLlish are coEin::,' they said."
But the 'ialinese had a lonL wait for anybody
to come and take the su:crondr o tao Jap troops. If cri
American division had arrivod, as was once projected, the
course of history in aLi Tlij:It have been different. As
it was just a British or Dutch troops arrived until six
months later. After all, liali was 'Just a small island.
Only a party of .American newspaper correspondents came
throlk.J1 oy plane and 'Iad n look at a dance which artist
Le rzycur scraped together from them, Llanced at .0enpa -
sar and Xintamani and rushed on their way.
But the new Indonesian Republic, proclaimed by
2resident Sockarno in Java lost no time in sendinL repro-
rentatives to Sookarno appointed a lawyer named
200djc as Lovernor of Jali. ..,;oedje wasn't very popular;
he had been the lumber uric Dalineso liaison officer durinL
the Jap occupation. But the Jalinesc, as usual, didn't
fiLht about this. And the Indonesi n re,resen -
tatives who came over from Java with their new red-and-
white fla s werc welco:aed. f2hey took over the P,ali
Sin-
bun plant, and issued instead the Sooara Indonesia, which
daily proclaimed banner motto such as "l'atriots:
roid
idh the Red-and-ihite with your Soul and Jody."
And still the and the Dutch failed to
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arrive. '2ossibly because the Javanese envoys gave them
couraLe, possibly because the Japs were suddenly not as
severe as they had been, soue of the Tjulincse bean to be
involved in minor incidents with the Japs.
On one of the
main streets of -)enpasar, a Balinesm was surprised when a
Jap officer, walking alone, .saluted him. Thu -.3alinese
stopped, very much embO.dencd, and said somethin stern.
Tho. Jap then asked for mercy, called the Balinese a bi
Master, and practically all on his knees. J1;ncouraLea,
the Balinese became quite a hero around the town after.
that.
Some of the Jap soldiers, rather than wait for
the arrival of Allied troops and inevitable internment,
deserted and surrendered their arms to the Indonesian .1e-
publicans. The latter, who had emptied the jails to got
"troops" to meet the Dutch when they should arrive, were
glad to enlist the aid of the trained Japanese soldiers.
But the bulk of the Jap soldiers remained un-
der good discipline They stayed close to their barracks,
and ventured abroEd only in Lroups. . The Balinese, feclin:_;
more and more couraL,eousl finally decided to raid the bar-
racks in several towns and 801ZO the Jap arms.
On tIle niLht of Decexiber 12, just after the _
procurer, OhaniI; ZO-Oin, met his fate, a 3alinese nob as-
sembled in the Rose of the diAds at the center of Denpasar
and Worked themselves up into a raL;e - a feat, inciden-
tally, quite easy for the BalinJsc; they arc always
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into razes, trances and ecstasies in their dances. Arled
with a few Jap rifles and pistols, ,eic", an abandJ.,nee of na-
tive krises, they bee,an to ;:0"Ve (lawn the street towards
the hi,f.h concrete wails and beecbed wire of the Japeaenn
barracks. They soon recovered frole their reeefs and tran-
ces, however, when the Jal)s be, an. to fire veritapie foun-
tains of Adlets into the air. The ealinese mob was repul-
sed: i.e., they took off.
liext day the Jal;anese posted a proclunation,the
exact mrdaLe of which is lost. 73ut it is thus papa;:.
phrased by Theo
"Brothers! de fired 10,000 shots in thcf air
last ni,ht. ?Tot a sinLle person was killed But don't
gaj with fire. je love yau. But -lust preserve order."
After this, there Wore no more mass attacks.
Spiteful 53,11m:se contented themselves with an easier
measure; they scattered brohen Llass on the rods where
Jap truck passed, causing punctures.
In mid-Peieruar3, of 1)46 two i:ritish officers,
with about twenty mon, showed up to make preparations for
the landing of Juteh troops, who would be along a month.
later. Leanwhile, seye of the -3alinese, at least, seceeed
to find their new freedo,1 pie cant. here 2.cpubl1ce.ns
carie from Java and brove:ht some ?euns and plans for indc-
penOence. Several more ol the Chinese Who had procured
Balinese girls for Jeps wore leurdered, and also several'
,Jalinese -eanderers. ..Lnd tae 3eree.ra ifidoneeia Gave the
?
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Balinese a ..epublican's eye view of the .L,htin then Lo-
in, on in Java. Of courbe, only about 20 ,der cent pf the
Balinese could read, but arlon_ tnese were tie importan';
ones, the leaders in any possible revolution.
Then on Sunday, 14arch 22, the .Dutch finally
arrived, 2000 stron_, and 1:10.0 their way to renpasar. But
there was inertia and indecision, and the troops stayed
around Denpasar. This cave the L,epublican a little more
time to orLanize. Ripe for a career of violence, they had
been hopped up by steady administrations of verbal adrena-
lin in the Socara Indonesia .now closed down by the Dutch)
and by this time there wore more than a few Japanese ri-
fles and pistols in the Balinese Jlepublican arnanent.
At 'first, thouh, the intellectual leaders
tried a campaign of passive non-cooperation. Ida 7aLus
J2idadal a Balinese who was head of the trade unions, to-
day describes this as a "strike". At any rate, mottoes
like 'Sin L dudi pahak ken nlandu" (Don't mix with the
Dutch), illustrated with a Japaaese sword drippinc; blood,
wore scrawled on sidewalks and walls. And the Balinese
were supposed to stay home and not o to i!ork.
But the Dutch played a stronL hand. The sunk)
month they arrived they clapped 2oedje into jail. Then
they sumoned a conference of ti-le eiht'raj.hs of the is-
land. hxactly what happened behind the scenes is not known
but shortly afterward the rajahs put out -dreclu'aations to
their people that it was to the best interests of Bali to
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pat aside any thouL:ht of alliance with Java's Indonesian
Republic, and to cooperate with the Butcti. The Dutch -,ade
it plain that they 1P.I.nted to sec Jail come under the con-
trol of a new native state they wore settin up for all
of the eastern islands of t:le le/Tier Jutch .6ast Indies -
the Lroup to be called East Indonesia, with the ca)ital
at lIacassar, on Celebes Island. This "ast Indonesia," as
Ida 3a?us 2idada puts it today, mildly (for ho still holds
a job in the bank at lienf,asar) "Is much smoother anci sof-
ter than the (Java) Republic."
But whatever the thooriticcapolitics, there was
plenty of politics-ja action in (ierths followin,Iplen-
ty of strife and bloodshed to terrorize thu takut-
.
stricken majority who warted hot politics but peace.
Virst, tle so-called strike in Denpasar was en-
ded. "The strike lasted one lonth," said Ida _us zidada
(who lo4s like a youn,ez, brown-colored John Lowie)
",and tie military police flon, or less ]cicked ?theJ2. (the
workers) into t7..
And after VII,t me etinh of tLo
rajahs we said we zlijit as well back to work; ? the .
(Java) Republic was no ion6er reconised by the Dutch.
After the rajah moetin we sent a mossaLe'to all laborers
if they didn't come back to work in fourteen days they
would be considered fired. But in many towns, not so ..11.1-ch
in Benpasar, they went into the hills - and then the mur-
ders started."
Terror was apparently a &ood word for the
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thins that boGan to happen in Bali. First; a visitlnG
Enblith colonel, Toy Tweedie, was stabbed to death on Ae
pril 6 when he went for a walk. The killer, a convicted,
oarderer liberated by thc liepublicans, was a cz1t named
Xawi, who subsequently killed fifteen or so more Balinese
before bola: done to death himccif
Then J,j. Van neue, the Dutch liesident appoin-
ted to Bali, wad shot in thu leG and arm as he rode alon,;
a Balinese road in his car. 3oth bullets unfortunately
hit nerves, doinG Grievous injury.
Al]. over the island the "terrorists", as the
Dutch now calluC them, knocked down trees as road blocs,
but there was one such attack at binc,apdu, which thu ?Ball.
nose will probably never fort, There, about sixty .p.-
Irrudas (patriots) felled a tree across thc road, and whon
a Dutch auto convoy was stopped by it, ran for the cars,
wavinz swords. The Dutch killud three or four with rifle
and pistol fire, and t'ae rest ran off ?nd fired with ri-
fles from a distance. They were driven off, but the Dutch,
to teach them a lesson, set fire to a housu at the road-
side where the i=udas ? had presumably hidden. 12he "houtle*
turned out to be u temple; which didn't ii:Iprove Lalinese-
Dutch relations at all
The snippirv: at 'Alite T.en was 1othinj compcxed
to ;(i11tn3. of Balinese fricnds-of-the-Dutch which went on
all over the islandi and still c:oes on. The Dutch rollnded
up about 2,000 supposed revolutionaries., and they are now
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repoin in various jails, but between 300 and 400 3alincsu
"terrcrists", tou_h men .1rIonLst a soft nations, sone of them
liberated jailbirds, 'hid in the hills.l.rom tine to tine,
builds of' these fellows would descend on this or that
or villa3e which had been too friendly with the Joutch, burn
down houses and hack up a f,_:w people.Ofton the "Brothers
in the Rills" cams Clowm to the town and demanded forace04
At first they ,sot it, but the Dutch punished the towns-
people who had j_ven hA.p; sonetimes, if(uilt could be
centered on one or two jail sentences were in-
posed.Acn the tonspeoplo (srow afraid to ,ive rice to the
penudas, they be3.z,n to burn down whole villa,es.One villaLe
near riabunan, has been burned three tines.
.trocities were cot,ittod.Some of the boys in the
hills wore real thubs.12heystuo, wanted to teach lessons.
There are well-doeuuented cases where they s:cinned wotaen's
breasts, and chopped off children's arus and leL;s.The poor
. Balinese peasants, who wc,nted only rice, relic;ion and ritu-
als, Were properly awed; but they were afraid of the _Dutch,
too.
'Alen I reached the island, the nunber of c:n in
,the hills was ,:etimated at between 100 and 200./,nd rur-
ders and houses bu.-nin,s wore still (oinL on, especially
around Tabunan, in centr,A. Bali.
Those bein, Eurdercd were all natives,the penudas
objective beinL to keol: the ,alinese vil1a,2ers ,o friGh-
toned that no der2ands for rice or her succor would be
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trapped and was lookin6 listlessly down at the accordion-
bullows of rice terraces that descend like stops alnost to
the bottom of the valley.?ather De Beer came. boundinL up. to
level palm Lrove where we wore sitting.Bchind him puffed a
more portly fiLure, also wearin,2 an American uniform, and hca-
.
vy horn-rimmed L;lar?sos.It was the other Qatholic chaplain,who,
was told, would eventually relieve Father De Beer.
AnAmborlose trooper expertly chopped off the tops of
had
two fresh coconuts, and the two pqrspirin?, fathers/refreshinL; drinks. Father De Beer said his name was spelled as in
beer, and that the other padre was Vather D. 21um. "his
name is plum, and he is the puddin.L."
"This should be very intorestin to you," he said
to nc. "It is not a war - but it is just as uncomfortable.
It's coed it is not raininL:."
Ue sat and talked with the youn6 Jutch Last Indies
Arily captan Anton Garot, who was c.o. of the troops, so.le
white and some brown, at this particular sector. Us was a.
handsome young Javanese, in American fatigue crecns. Like
most of the officers41 he carried his own handGun, the small
holster quite rakish on his wide belt.
And now he complained to us, in a rather shrill
voice, and said 2ater De Beer should please carry the word
back to Laor KoniL-,, at the coraLland 3ost, that it would be
too tout,h a job for his non to nako a search up the lenjth
of the valley, as oricinally planned. There were too :I'P.ny
little valleys conin3 in from the sides; the men would have
to search throu,-..;h all these little valleys. They would be
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refused.2ut the Dutch had protective patrols pretty well or-
ganized in the dr.nL;erous area, and oven the rajahs had sot up
native police who stood Lu.ard throuh the niLhts.Probably,how-
ever, the "terrorists" were not all suoh desperate lien as the
Dutch would have you believe. I hcrud oisevcral cases whore
the townspeople, at the risk of detection and -,?unl.thucnt, help-
ed loomuda -rn-s to evadc cropture.
I wont out on one chase, where some of the ;2erluda
leaders wore au-oposcd to be trapped in an area one mile square.
But when the sides of the square were closed in by 400 soldiers
the ,e:ludas simply wore not therc.Lindoubtedly, they had been
tipped off by brothers in the town.
It was intorcatin, to an ex-war correspondent to
see hon the Balinese variety of combat is conducted; pleasant
to see an"action" in which the enemy doesn't shoot back.
It would be borin,; to ,;() into a lonL account of such
a chase.But the chareter of the "police action" is best in-
dicated by the fact that three Dutch chaplains went alonL.
1J:hat could mean a very dan,:orous mission, or an extrccely
sightseers
safe one, with extra seats for , .Cf course, it was the
latter.
One of the chaplains, in fact, turned out to be the
life of the party.11e was .10.ther _,enri Do Beer, a droll figure
with round stomach and recedin, chin, Larbed in a brown and
Green spotted cauouflaGe suit and an American fati,ue cap,
with the small visor turn-d up, GI fashion, L;ivinc, him just
the ri,ht touch of insouciance. I had Lone up to the edLo of
the steep green ore where the loaders were supposed to be
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too tired.
Besides, the river was in flood (bandiarin:74
they _say in Bali), and the scion would have to walk up to
here (he indicated armpit level) in the river.
The trap beinL; sprung had been two aays in pre-
paration. I,ajor Koni, had told me that -lornin,
"de have information that this is the headquarters of all
Bali. I have sent patrols yesterday. hope, now that
we are closed in,to catch them."
had seen the plan of operation That morninL,
all neatly mimeocraphed and dia:,ranmed; the different
Lroups of men, about 400 stronL:, were numbered: 3, 4,and
6, 7, 9, etc. As usual with such plans, it was quite
conplicatod. Croups 6 and 7 were to move in behind 9; 3
and 10 wore supposed to move backward at a certaia time,
and 6 and 7 pass throuLh 9 and swin3 to the riht, etc,
All roups were to be in radio contact.
Of course, as everybody who has seen an infan-
try action knows, in such cases 6 usually bets to the
wronL, coordinates, and so ends up in front of rather than
behind 9 and 10. lumber 7 bets altw_ether lost rLad finds
itself whore 3 and 4 arc supposed to be. Kumber 6 at
last 6ete itself oriented and takes a position in front
of 9 and 10, but 10 turns to the riLht instead of the left.
Half the radios don't work, and of those that work, the
siLnals arc muddled.
But in the case of Task Pore?
worked out surprisin-ly well. One thin, in their favour
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and a .biL one inside, with bamboo (tubes) for air.
people colic, they just cover up the hole."
4e returned to the co ;_and post at Tjaranc,sari.
This, it happened, was the hone-town of Colonel Rai, the
rebel leader, hand his widow still lived there in a rather
sumtigus (for 7.al1) concrete house. fur froil nourishif?
a Lrude aLainst the Dutch, si'Le invited 1(oni,, :Lor lunck.
IL ebrou6ht alon,L; his adjutant, the handsome Cap-
tain iiJ, Ja6ur; the Zrotestant chaplain, Rcv. Frans
Kooynan, and no. The meal was a alinesc version (served
by the bcautirul L.rs. ai) of the Dutch rice-stafel;lots
of cold rice, a few sinewy hunks of chicken soaked in si-
nister Lxcenish curry sauce, potato caked that were cold
and had a yellowish tin,:e from an admixture of curry ,Dow-
der, little wooden sticks with harbecued neat on them
sailed sati, a L:recnish curried duchy very undernourished
and a hot, rod-pepper sauce called Lombok (from t;,.0 island
of the sane: name.
Lajor Koni6, too, was a man of humor. itilow ma-
? ny kinds of dysentry do we ,et fro.1 this?" he asked the
tall, thin ilevorend Kooyman as we passed on to the last
course of the neal - su,_,ared pa2aya chunks, and ranular
coffee.
, At ?ifalQ00.!':rA.c14.d. post, we found the other Ncmbers
of the major's staff finishinc; their lunch of canned A-
merican rations labelled "2acific Lidday Snack."
:Tiler? had b,een biscuits, chocolate, meat bis-
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cult .(whatever that is), sur, sweets, chowinL cum, toi-
let paper and fruit bars in Vic tins, I discovered, and
the Dutch were drinkin,-_; iced lerionade fro:'1 a biL steel
hauled up on a jeep.
The siz,nalrlen rolled up their field telepho:10
wires and we prepr(1 to :o back to town, ILIjor
told me, philosophically: "Jith this kind of thin, you do
it ten tines - and one tine you have luck."
By this tiLe, the townspeople of Tjaralvsari,
who had been collected in the square durin,2 the merninj's
operations, were returniaL, to their hozes. I noticed That
men and women carefully avoided lookinL, at us white il()Llo
They had spent a hot laorninL sittinL in the scorchin, sun
while the soldier, white and browntwent on with the lui-
serable business of war, or police action, or whctover
it Could be called.
nut cradually the narks of war, waced by brown,
yellow, or red-faced men, arc diminishin in Bali, and the
people are seein::, loss and loss -violence. ylihtly or
wron6ly, the Dutch arc -radually pacifyinL; the island and
imposini:; their own type of orderly L;overnent. The 7)o-
litically-minded "intellectual,-Linese want a J:reater m--
sure of independonce, but even ?Lhey Ld.lit that the vast
bulk of the people are uninterested in politics, so len::
as they can live in relative security, and in aceord6Ince
With the Lalinese standard of comfort (four Dutch cents
a day, the equivalent of two Allerican cents, was their
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daily food cost, before the war).
And if peace and order come back to Bali, if
there are no more invasions or revolUtions to lake the
people takut, then maybotourists will be able to see
more of the' Lor6cous dances - and let us not forb'et, the
Lor6eous bare bosoms - for which Bali has beco-Ao so fa-
nous.
An American newlywed couple, the hark i.iasons,
and I, on a sihtsecinc,, trip, encountered at least one
encouraLin At the Temple Gwai,Laja, at ledahoe-
loc, known simply as The Elelthant Cave on tourist itinc-
rari(is, three buxom, bare-breasted babes bounced out,
smilin, and obli,inL;ly posed for pictures. Of course,
they asked for 'a fee of one builder oach (40 cents) in
advance. But the implication was plain: the 1-'1alinese na -
tional crablerqpio shapeli bosom, is there.
o0o
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11.6W YORK TII:.t35 Au-ust 1
DUTCH 'LB ITDCITZ-)IAN3
, .
4therlando .z;ast'Indies - ruled by the
Duten for 300 years - is one of the world's richest areas
in resourceS, Lefore'orld -;ar 11, the wealth of the In-
dies accounted for about 15 percent of ilolland's national
incoue incacic the Dutch would 1i10 to hang on to.
Three ,'.oars a, o this cionth - after the Japanese
were driven out - the three ilost populous islands in the
Indies, Java, L.adoera, formed the ,epublic
of Inaonesia and issued a declaration of indei,ondence 22031
t
the retherlands.
2or a year Dutcl. troops fbuht the lopublic.
l'14,htinc, ended tepporatily in liovet_aber, 1346; both si-
dos a,..,reed. to the 'establishment by Jan,? 1 .,1)43.,. of the
4 4 ;
United 3tates of indonosin (cnoracin, thc srtle?public of
,
Indonesia and other iL,,rido) which would evetitually beco;:ie
"ecual partner" wi-ia the Butch in a fcthcr1ands Union.
But negotiations to carry out the?agreocient broke down and
the war started aLain in July, 147.
Lust J'nuary the United Lations
3ecurity Oouncil
Cot the _Dutch and Indonesians to axec to a cease-fire.
J, three-man L.i. Oom_ittee of L.00d uffices (Unitedr,Jta-
tee, Australia, ne-otiated a peace a,rut. lent
between thetherLviles the hopu.blic durinL, which
the details of tl pexn.a.n..1.at political settlekent were to
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be worked out.
Appeal To The U.L.
'Last month Indonesian representatives accused
,the Dutch before the Security Council of violatin,i; the
aLreeNent; they said they the Lutc:1 had established a
blockade around tlle republic to prevent Indonesian re-
covery and to lore() the Republic to accept Dutch :-.3ovo-
reinty. The Security council asked the U.i. commit-
tee of Good Offices - which has ro:lained in Indonesia to
help noLotiate a.political settlement - to report on
those charGes.
Last .onday, in a seVenteen-paEe report, the
committee bucked up the indonosian'aceasations.
The report stated that Dutch economic reoulations were
-larLely responsible for -1.4ac poor economic condition of
the 'lie-public. It cited one Dutch-impos&d reLulation
which prohibits the Indonesians from importin,- any foods
that might be used for war, and commented: "This mea-
sure makes possible an almost complete 'prohibition of im-
ports into rtopublican-hold territories of equipment and
supplies for transportation and rehabilitation."
Last Thursday the Security Council took up the
committee's report. Lotherlands representatives told the
Council that the economic re,ulations were necessary to
prevent niller.,a1" trade and to control moveuent of milita-
ry supplies.
Durinc the all-day debate the del L'ates showed
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considerable piclue u7Aat =de it clear th.:.t thcy would
not only ant_onize the -"atoll. Vinlly the :,ouncil
passed a resoludon c(J1i1 on ooto
the 7ndone01aa ,eputhe to live u to ail id
and econoLlic evisions of 7,110 January truce aLrcu.uftt.
!the vote was 2-to-0- with JhsUiL cnOtbe Ijklvcific a)stai-
ninL.
Van't ,.'cor in 0...LI0.40 T.,-.ZY7Z July 30
RIOdEST ISIJALDS_TTI qORLD BROKE:
IMS10161111111111011111111i811111111101114111101.
num-u GET AM,
TandjonL:pinun, - Dutch Indios, July 17 - Ihe
"richest islo.nds in the world" aru broke ;,:-L10, none too
happy about it. This ear the ?joust
and A1ii-
ton islands pro')ably will Larner J.00,000,000 from their
rich tin and bauxite deposits. :Alt all of it will flow
into the coffers of t:1:: ,etherlanes hast indies'L-overn-
mentl.leavin t:!e altives incroas4n-,;ly dis,rantled over
their failure to particil,ate in the fruits of their la-
bour uw,a heichtonia::, their conviction that t:leir inde-
pendence is sli,htly shadow,y?
21i3content is Voiced
rxhe isalnd produced 16,000 Ions of tin :1-1A bm.,-
xito in 1347, bat -Vle out7ut will be quadrurlod tillS
year. ciiouw, fe.nka, id Dilliton coc.priso one of the
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3roups :ranted an "illusory zlutonomy" by the Dutch after
the end of the war. it 1,11u first session recently of -C-Ic
federative council, the chairman, an islander name& T]asja-
rif, voiced the mountin6 discontent over continued Dutch
domination of the productive archipelu,o. There is ac-
tually a deficit in the administrative budb-et, and having
to appeal to the Dutch covernmeLt to make it up is swel-
linc: the discontent of the islanders.
Sultan is -ixiled
After tho'capitulation of the ja.)anesc arm, the
first returninL, ;cthcrlands troops landed on Idouw to se-
cure Dutch control of t;le priceless tin deposits. he
sultan of hiouw was exiled to Sinapore and his ufforts to
win back the sultanate are believed, in part, responsible
for the unrest amonL the natives. The infiltration of
Communists af,lon the may Chinese labourers, as exempli-
fied by the increasinL number of strikes Lnd other labour
demonstrations, is also believed to be a factor.
c.)0o
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Memarsawormosismistisista?zweaffissoptiM
illii=1100111111,1161easirialfacal
SINGAPORE pnEss
Singapore Free Press Wednesday July 14
? WHAT VAN MOCK ... AND
,A40
g44_44.1
By: Andrew Roth . Well-known
American journalist
In aal probability an Interim Government of the
:United States of Indonesia - without Republican partici-
pation will Le set up by the Dutch in August.
If the Republic wishes to join it will have to
accept a small number of seats of secondary importance
with its nominoes subject to Dutch approval.
The Dutch anticipate, that when a Republican-less.
Interim Government is formed areas now within the Reoublic
will "break awa.y" and be brought under the control of this
Dutch-sponsored_ interim Government.
Although most of the powers now enjoyed by the
NEI government will be turned to this Interim Government
the Dutch will retain military and economic powers. Fur-
thermore, the Dutch do not expect to transfer eoverignty
to it on January 1, 1949, as anticipated in the Linggadja-
ti Agreement and expected by most Indonesians.
The Dutch feel that Unless the structure of the
United States of Indonesia is carefully and patiently con-
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,8991111=111110611M1=
Vain= - .1?11M1 4111=MOINIMIN
A smile To Go Around
Mr. Trygvie Lie, Secretary - General of the United Nations takes time
something pleasant, - so facial muscles will attest - with Indonesian Representative
Be - goggled man from k'fi is Dr. .1.1oa, Si-h; len, now back in jof,;ja lp A
Committee of the Republican Delegation to the 1 nit ch - Inclotwsian Negotiations.
Fellow, apparently dishing out the joke, is Dr. Sastroamidjojo, NVIInC M
smiles benignly in pleased approval. Mr. Charles Thambu and Dr. Falai- complei, .
east.
It will be recalled that it was Dr, l'a!ar who had made the impassi,,net
recent S. C, session on Indonesia, for the lil Hug of the Dutch Blockade on
" Economic Strangulation, was the adjectival phrase, ( I. N. S. Picture 1.
Senyum Berkeliling
Mr, Trygvie Lie, setia Usalia 1fangsat2, 1(eluar bersiat'..!
-Indonesia di Amerika,
Yang berIcacha mata hitatn disebelali kin. ialah Dr. "Iloa Sel:. len (I r
1