OBSERVATIONS ON THE SOVIET SVERDLOV-CLASS CRUISER

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00810A006100680008-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 25
• Document Creation Date: December 21, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 22, 2008
• Sequence Number: 8
• Publication Date: April 22, 1955
• Content Type: REPORT

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CLASSIFICATION S-E-C-R-E-T
CENTRALINTl
INFORMATION REPORT
COUNTRY
SUBJECT Observations on the Sov .e ; UYrJhj 1Oy=u,.
Cruiser
PLACE
ACQUIRED
DATE OF
INFO.
THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL-DEFENSE
OF THE UNITED STATES. WITHIN TNR MEANING OF TITLE IS, SECTIONS 798
AND 794. OF THE U. S. CODE. AS AMENDED. ITS TRANSMISSION OR REVEL-
ATION OF ITS CONTENTS TO OR REOEIPT BY AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON
IS PROHIMITED EY LAW THE REPRODUCTION OF THIS 00*0 15 PROHIBITED.
DATE DISTR. 22 April 1955
NO. OF PAGES -12
NO. OF ENCLS. 2
(LISTED BELOW)
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
25X1
25X1 .
Attale It..
Attached is
_____e_ as received.
forwarded as received.
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CLASSIFICATION
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 COUNTRY
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CLASSIFICATION SECRE
25X1
SovietSVERDLOV -type Light Cruiser
EVALUATION
DATE OF CONTENT
DATE OBTAINED
REFERENCES-
PAGES 10
REMARKS
PLACE OBTAINED 25X1
25X1
DATE PREPARED 1 October 1954
ENCLOSURES (NO. & TYPE)
Units of the new Soviet type of cruiser were observed more closely
for the first time in 1953. The evaluation of their exterior
appearance was mainly based on observations made at the following
times:
The approximate physical data of the type are:
Length 200/212 meters; beam 21 meters; draught 6.5 meters;
displacement 13,700 tons.
Armament: Twelve 15V guns in triple turrets;
Twe].. e 1 AA guns in twin mounts;
Thirty-two 37-mm AA guns in twin mounts;
Ten torpedo tubes in two quintuple mounts;
About 200 mines.
denied.
based on
prototype
on the Italian he
general aesignawnlcn unaou
d before the summer of 1941, was obviously
characteristics of Italian designs. and
thirties,. whose influence cannot possibly be
atively great distance between the two smokestacks
pod mast in a position forward of the after smoke-
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to the DUCA D'AOSTA-Class. The arrangement of the smokestacks
seems to indicate that the propulsion plant of the SVERDLOV-
-Class is subdivided into independent power units and the
boilers and turbines driving one propeller shaft form a complete
unit as in the Italian ships. It may also be accepted that the
design, particularly in the engine plant installation, was taken
from the German Cruise LUETZOW,lwhich became USSR property in 1939.
This was the case after the war when the experiences'and knowledge
obtained were fully elated in regard to a new design for the
class. Many details of the shape of the ship also reveal German
influence.unmistakably. Another characteristic feature of the
exterior of the cruise: is the fact that a superstructure,which is
between 12 and 15 meters long, and extends from one side of the
ship to the other around the forward smokestack, continues forward
and forms a large three-storied, partially even a four-storied
deckohouse.
The extremely small number of portlights on a ship of this size is
another; notable characteristic of its exterior. Actually, standard-
-size portlights are only visible in the deck structure noted
above'and in the accommodation deck which is presumed to be
arranged below the foredeck. Judging from the position of the
portlights in relation to the bend in the sheerstrake, the
accommodation deck probably has a headroom of 2#4 or 215 meters.
Shape of the Ship's Hull.
On the wholethe shape of the topsides of the ship is similar to
German and Italian prototypes. The concentration of the volume in
the middle section of the topsides is partially due to Italian
influence. As such topside design must necessarily harmonize with
the underwater lines, the conclusion is that the ships has relatively
sharper ends than, for example, modern British designs. This arrangement
might cause certain difficulties in stowing ammunition for the main
guns.
The frames of the forward section in way of the waterline are
remarkably straight and steeply set and, only in the upper third are
they more pronouncedly bent. Nevertheless,:,the foredeck does not
overhang too much,,as its width is reduced according to the
sheerstrake7which is 0,5 mete
In contrast to the foredeck, s taming as much
deck space as possible aft with room for
four paralleltrunning'mine trac the deck
curvature at the after edge of rather
irregular. The deck sheer is comparatively slight,as is the case with
the Italian and older. German ships. The midship and after sections
of the ship run para}lel to the designed waterline, while the
forward section in front of turret A is slightly raisedawith the
result that the stem, which is about 0,5 meters high, is about 1,3
to 1,5 meters higher than the ship's side amidships. On the whole,
the sheer seems to be considerably smaller than is deemed
necessary even:,indispensble*for ocean cruising of aship of this
type. The sharp bend of the sheer approximately between the after
edge of the akwater at the ships sides and the fore edge of
turret A !;a n K-type cruisers) was noted. It therefore
seems pro temmn.ng a long swell, the ship will quite
often ship rather quicklor be forced to reduce speed
for safetyt rmation at the ship seems to be-normal. The
permanently _ed
rd is fitted so low that it is submerged
and produces spray when the ship is laden.
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the lower edge of the portlights
Structure of the Hull.
Closely following the German system of construction, the hull is
built on the combined longitudinal and transverse principle and
entirely welded. The transverse frames are spaced about 1.5
tvor the spacing used in the large German ships. As
in the raised section of th
shipythese bands run across the protective armor, parallel to
its upper edge and to the upper edge of the designed waterline,
and are spaced between 0.60 and C.65 meters. The lowermost
longitudinal band is fitted close to the upper edge of the
waterline strake, the uppermost band about 0.30 to 0.35 below
parallel to the waterline
the longitudinal bands
t of the ship also run
end of the sheer strake.
It is impossible to give a d ation of the welding
workmanship. Seen from the ou rthe welding on SVERDLOV
enmity .with the specifications of the former
German Naavy. It is believed that the shipyard which built SVERDLOV
did not fully master the tensions occurring during the welding
operations at the time of her construction, since the welding
points on the inne of the skin plating connecting the
frames and to ties are all visible on the outside of
the topsid:, addition, flat den ow the
areas betwee nd the longitudina de from
such parts of ere, as,
part of the s nvexities cone n
extent). The workmanship in the wel ws
considerable progress in the techni ver,
possible that the skin of the topsi e e
thinner to save weight,,with the result that the skin was not
strong enough to withstand the loads due to local tensions.
Ground Tackle. Boats, etc.
Ground Tackle.
The cruiser has two bow anchors and one stern anchor. The bow anchors
are carried in hawse pipes fitted close to the stem and just under
the edge of the foredeck which, however, were not fairlead hawses
similar to those found on the latest ships of the German Navy. The
cruiser had no fore-and-aft bow hawse. The capstans work in
opposite direction~and their entrance parts to the chain pipes
are arranged one forward of the other (the starboard,one being
the foremost). The stoppers for each chain are fitted miday
between the hawse pipe and the capstan.
The stern anchor fits into a recess in-the middle of the round
stern, and its capstan is only five meters forward of it.
Boats.
The motorboats are stowed on the roof of the deckhouse between the
after mast and the forward smokestack and are hoisted out and in by
a derrick on the after mast.
The lifeboats are carried in pairs -f swing davits resting on neck
bear and fitted at .each side of the ship aft of
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n the longitudinal frames. In the upper parts of the
dating in the topsides above the waterline strake
ned by longitudinal tie plates, it is supposed that
are fitted also in the lower parts of the ship to
oral accommodation ladd -nn each side
urrets B and C; anothe ed in
t of the after smokest
e ship on the deckhouse immed
them resting on a launching slope permitt
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Miscellaneous.
A protected look-out position fitted with a sheet iron bulwark, open
at the rear side and permitting removal if necessary, is erected
at the outermost end of the foredeck.
The upperdeck is planked all over and it was noted that the planks
were laid in transverse tiers in shoat pieces, about 1 meters long.
Armor Protection.
The armor protection, clearly visible it the waterline, is executed as
a strenghened waterline strake which forms part of the girder system
of the skin and extends from the forward edge of the screw guard
to the forward edge of turret A in uniform width and thickness. Its
upper edge lies about 2 meters above the designed waterline. Its
thickness gradually tapers as was the case with ships of the German
Navy and forms a broad transition into the normal outer skin overlying
it. The lower edge is probably fitted in a similar manner.
The thickness of the waterline strake is estimated at not less than
50, and not over 80 millimeters, the small figure being more probable,
considering the size, type and caliber of her main gun armament.
The waterline strake extends forward as far as the stem and forms
a strengthened plate strake probably meant to serve more as an ice
strengthening than as armor protection. Its thickness, apparently of
not more than at best twice that of the normal skin thickness,is
between 25 and 30 millimeters. The overlapping butt between the
waterline strake and the aforementioned plate strake is a notable
feature.
A normal skin plating butts on the after edge of the waterline strake.
Local stiffenings presumed to be located only near permanently fixed
propeller guards.
If the ship is fitted with an armored deck of similar design and make
as found on the former German cruisers, its horizontal part would at
least be level with the upper edge of the waterline strake, presumably
a little lower (between 150 and 500 millimeters) than the waterline
strake. In this case, the horizontal part of the armoredcbck would
be between 25 millimeters and 30 millimeters thick, while the slopes
would probably range between 40 and 50 millimeters.,;thick.
The armor protection of the 15Camm gun turrets will not afford more
than splinter protection. The thickness of the revolving turrets
is supped to range between 45 and 60 millimeters acOording to their
positions, and the same seems to apply to the thickness of the
barbettes or the reinforced cylindrical substructures of the turrets
used instead of barbettes.
The armor protection of the conning and fire control stations is obviously
copied from the modern German heavy cruisers. The old-type conning
tower with its fatly thick walls seems to have been replaced by a
number of rooms separated by splinter-proof walls. The foot of the
tower-like mast is surrounded by a house made of splinter-ppoof
material at the height of the unprotected steering position. Its width
is about that of the tower-shaped mast extending, however, forward
as far as the signal deck atop, while its after edge seems to be flush
with that of the tower-shaped mast. This conning house is supposed
to accommodate the conning staff in action.
The next story of the tower-mast with its round portlights is
unprotected, as is also the signal deck level with it. It forms a
small shelter fitted between the legs of the mast proper and serves
to accommodate the personnel taking down signals. The next story is
also made of splinter-proof material. and fitted with eyeslit-like
lookout openings in regular all-round arrangement. The next story,
which is much broader, seems to be the main action station of the
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captain's or admiral's staff. It is fitted with a splinter-proof
armor and has larger eye slits. An observation opening looking aft
and fitted on each side forms a pyramid-shaped extension and seems
to indicate that there is a partition wall in the interior of this
house. - Atop the. main action station is;IargegplptftnrXi#4tde;4;11
designed windscreen arrangements, which is probably used by the
captain's or admiral's staff as long as no enemy counter-action
is expected. Lookout men and action observers are also supposed to
be posted there. The after part of the platform is bulkheaded off
at each side and seems to house three target indicators and spotting
gear. on each side, but may well be used by the torpedo department.
The middle of the platform accommodates the main fire control
station. Its Devolving hood probably consists of splinter-proof
material 10 to 12 millimeters thick and offers certain protection
from splinters. It is presumed that no heavier weight could be
placed there.
Main Gun Armament.
The ship mounts four triple turrets with guns of an estimated caliber
of 15C millimeters. The rear ends of the barrels seem to be rather
thick and were burnished rather than painted in the latest ships.
Turrets B and C are superimposed on turrets A and D respectively.
The distances between the individual guns indicate that they are
installed on single cradles and single mounts and thus can be
elevated individually.
It is inferred from the height of the loop holes that the guns can be
given an elevation exceeding 45 degrees or even as much as 60 degrees.
This arrangement seems to indicate that the main armament is also
intended to be used for antiaircraft defense, although the relatively
heavy weight of the masses to be turned in these turrets is a serious
handicap in antiaircraft firing. On the other hand, high-angle fire
at shore targets, especially those under cover, must be taken into
consideration.
It is believed that the gun-handling platform does not extend as far as
the rear wall of the turrets, because each turret has a large 8-meter-base
rangefinder at its rear wall. The result is that the breeches and the
trunnions of the barrels are necessarily fitted rather close3,y to the
frontal plates of the turrets,which is also necessary for the high
elevation.
The barrel length is estimated at between 55 and 60 calibers assuring
thus a high initial velocity (vo). All turrets are accessible through
doors in the rear wall, the superposed guns being fitted with an
easily removable catwalk from the structure at its rear or a detachable
ladder. The empty cartridge cases are probably removed by throwing
them through openings fitted in the floor of the overhanging parts of
each of the four towers. It is believed that the overhangs of turrets
A e.th D are high enough above the deck to permit the throwingout the
empties in a horizontal position. It seems also possible to thaw
them out of flaps fitted in the rear wall.
Sighting slits are fitted in small hoods arranged at each side of the
turret roofs at the points of extreme width. No sighting slits are
visible in the front plates of the turrets. In addition, turrets B and
C are fitted with cylindrical hoods with hemispherical tops about 0.7
meter in diameter and about 1.3 or 1.4 meters high, and placed on the
right hand side abaft the middle of the roof. They are supposed to be
radar devices, in which case the hoods would be made of ray-penetrable
plastics and contain the dipoles.
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The flat and broad protective casings of the rangefinders in the
turrets are notable features. Their cross sections seem. to indicate
that each instrument has two traces of rays, one being that of the
rangefinding proper, while the other is probably used for stereoscopic
spotting.
On the whole, the firing angle of the turrets is rather wide and with
low elevations can be traversed as near as 20 degrees from the fore-and-
-aft line.
At these extreme traversing angles, however, the crews of the nearby
AA guns must leave their stations.
Fire Control for Main Guns.
The fire control station on the forward tower mast and after fire
control station are of identical design. Each houses two superposed
staggered rangefinders with an estimated 8-meter-base and a direction-
-indicator sighting column. There are four sight slits fitted with
flaps (deadlights) in the upper part of the fire control station,
one looking forward, one looking aft and one each to port and to
starboard; in the stet below are two slits, one looking forward and
one looking aft. It cannot be said whether these openings belong
to special optical instruments. The two stations seem to house
optical instruments only, and the general design of the fire contml
stations shows the characteristic features of Zeiss-made installations
of this kind.
Antiaircraft Armament.
Heavy AA Guns.
Three twin-mounts with barrels of about..OG-mm caliber and long
protective shields are at each side of the ship. Their exterior
shape seems to indicate that the gun mounts are statllized and
undoubtedly copied from German types. By enlarging the splinter-proof
protection, which now protects the entire gun crew, forming a kind of
AA-gun turret, the German design of 105--mm twin mounts was improved.
The trunnions of the barrels are fitted close to the rear side of the
shields leadii to the conclusion that the length of the barrels is
60 calilDers or upwards. The supporting cylinders are rather large
in diameter and make it probable that ammunition is hoisted through
these substructures. It is also believed that, although the trunnions
are not arranged too far from the after edges of the supporting
cylinders, the breeches enter the supporting cylinders at high elevations.
The elevation can be ai much as 90 degrees; the firing height of the
'barrels is notable; it is estimated at about 2.2 meters. It seems
probable that, following the German example, the breeches were made
quite heavy to shorten the recoil distances as much as possible. It
is ao believed that the cartridges used are rather long, and thus
3'-iriuzzle velocity of 950 meters per second, as with the German 105'=true
AA gun, is probably reached.
Since the turret-like shields are closed at the rear, it seems rather
certain that the ammunition hoists are fitted inside. There is reason
for believing that the cartridges, with the shells pointing upwards,
arrive in a vertical position, when they are grabbed by their heads
by a swinging device and moved parallel to the fuse-setting machines,,
which are fitted to the broec%,and follow the movement and finally
roll into them.
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Two large doors at the rear of the shields serve the purros-r of
t' rowing; out t} u-- g-^er.,t cartridge cases at low elevations, ?.,-tile
' Ao:T) -:r '. e T t C us the cases are dropped into the 3u.1 1 ortin -
V:1 ].n`1er. T o :vn crews enter the >t s 'ositl ons through lateral
Starting from the rear side, a narrow passage fitted with
a rail runs along; the two sides of the shield as far as the two
doors at each side of the lateral shieias in order to assure a safe
access to outboard-side door even if the gun mount is 1n secured
position.
The laying mechanisms of the gun mounts lie in the forward ends
of the protective shields. A radar aiming device, fitted with hood
with a cupola-shaped top similar to those fitted on the tops of
the main turrets B and C, is installed on the right hand side. Their
dimensions seer to be of similar size or only a little smaller than
those of the main gun turrets. The hoods lean forward with their
front faces at right angles to the roof of the shield. A hood with a
square opening for opticallaying gear is fitted on the left hand side.
The space between the barrels and their arrangement in the protective
shields as well as the shgtpe of the latter show that the designs
for the third axle (the leveling axle) were executed on the German
model.
The training angles are excellent. 'n elevation and
upwards, the two after mounts even oss the fore-and-aft
line, in which case, however, the t AA gun positions
must be evacuated.
AA Fire Control System.
A spherical AA fire con with a small projection atop
ar devic d at each side of the ship. The
uisers he Arctic Sea and on the
a rad ipo7?s at their front assuring
elec t of training or accurate determination
ing of targets. No reflector for measuring altitudes
was seen. The built-in optical rangefinder had an estimated basis of
3.5 meters. Each control station can sweep the spherical quarter of its
own ship's side and, in addition, cross the fore-and-aft line to the
opposite side up to an intersecting angle of about 40 degrees. In this
case, however, partial hinderances due to the after mast and the after
smokestack must be considered.
These stations are obviously exact copies of the German Gema-Zeiss designs.
Their existence indicates that the entire heavy AA gun armament is fitted
with automatic gyro-stabilization.
Medium AA Guns.
The medium Aa gun armament consists of eight mounts at each side of the
ship. Since each mount carries two 37-nm caliber barrels closely fitted
in pairs, a total of 32 barrels of this caliber is aboard. The gun mounts
have a cylindrical protective shield with no top protection and are
entirely unroofed. No ammunition carrying facilities or special fire
control arrangements are visible.
Light AA Guns.
The ship obviously carries no single-mount or multiple-mount light AA
guns. This seems to indicate that, because of the poor effect of lighter
calibers., medium-caliber AA guns with fully automatic operation (drum
magazines or clip magazines) are deer~t3 appropriate.
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Torpedo Armament.
A quintuple torpedo mount with a torpedo control for the torpedo
gunner is fitted aft of AA fire control station at each ship's side.
The general arrangement is probably influenced by German designs.
The torped9e have a caliber of 533 millimeters. It is believed that
the spare torpedoes and the adjusting station are located under
the waist. The torpedo control arrangement is supposed to be housed
in the forward bridge structure.
Mines.
The mine tracks will permit a load of at least 200 mines. The four
tracks on the after deck are connected by 2 cross tracks. The
longitudinal tracks are arranged in pairs at each ship's side and
join a launching way fitted in appropriate ports at the stern.
Radio and Radiolocation Equipment.
Antennas.
According to the following
Antehnas for long-.-Medium- Medium- and-Shortwaves are available:
1. One long-wave antenna with five horizontal wires;
One stay between the masts with two separate antennas; one, a
shortwave antenna, leads down between the foremast and the fore
smokestack, while the other, a mediumwave antenna, is fitted aft
of the forward smokestack with the lead-in between the tgo
AA-fire control stations;
3. A cage antenna suspended from the port rand arm of the after antenna
yard with a lead-down to the radio transmitting room;
w. `three Y-shaped antennas, one each on the portside, on the starboard
side;and forward of the mast-tower serving as medium*ave antennas.
The large number of antennas seems to indicate that the ship is well
equipped with means of radio signal communication.
The antennas and their lead-down seem to indicate that the ship had
three separate radio rooms. The after radio room situated close to
the after smokestack seems to be of greatest importance,,since both
the extraordinarily large longwave antenna, the cage antenna,,and several
other antennas are led into this room.
VHF Antennas.
1. Rod (buggy whip) antennas
a. two each at each side of the fore top position total 4
b. two each at each side of the fore smokestack total 4
c. two each at each side of the after smokestack total 4
d. two at the after fire control station total 2
e. Aft of the after platform of the foremast 1
f. One each at each yard arm total 2
g. At forward edge of platform of after mast 1
2. One wire antenna is attached to lower side forward of the platform
of the military mast and leads to an arm fixed to the lower edge
of the main conning station located below. 1
grand total: 19
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It is possible that the antennas at the fore top position (a) and
at the after position (d) serve gun firing purposes, whereas the
other antennas are used for general signal communication. The large
quantity of equipment leads to the conclusion that the transmission
of communications both between vessels of the same group or squadron
and the target spotters is effected exclusively,W F IMradaaiwaion.
Some of the antennas available are probably also used for shortwave
transmission.
For nautical urnoses, a cross-loop direction finder, a now outmoded
Telefunken-D type,)is fitted on the fore mast. The use of this
outmoded type on a modern ship is rather striking since cross-loop
antennas with goniometers are now in general use.
Direction Finders (D/F).
1. Radar Eguir-mentaa: (Funkkenngeraet) (FuKG). Radar recognition set.
An omnidirectional antenna of the shape used in the USA is fitted
on each of the uppermost platforms of the two masts,, w1teli radiates
all round the horizon and reebives horizontally polarized rays.
2. Panoramic Gear. A narrow reflector is visible on the upper platform
of the fore mast. This is probably the reflector of a standard-type
marine radar, working on waves ranging between 3 and 9 centimeters.
3. Search Gears.
4.
a. A small reflector (fitted below the D/F loop), possibly a
panorama radar scanner, with a broad blind angle at the rear
side probably works in the decimeter range and is fitted on
the fore mast.
b. A parabolic reflector is on the upper platform of the after
mast: It has several lines with 2 dipoles in the focus (decimeter
wave). This gear seems to be the main antiaircraft search
equipment and therefore can be trained horizontally and
vertically.
Search Radar: (Radar Searching Gear) (FuMG). A comparatively broad
reflector with a dipole is installed atop the platform of the
tripod of each mast. It seems to be the target-searching instrument
for the main gun armament. The low position of the reflectors in
this case is considered sufficient, because they are required only
to sweep the area within the range of the guns. Panorama gears are
not required and it is therefore not necessary to train the reflectors
all round the horizon.
5. Cylindrical, domedand enclosed hoods are fitted on the superimposed
turrets of the main guns as well as on all mountings of the. heavy
AA guns. The latter have a forward inclination of their axis of
between 15 and 20 degrees because they are vertically installed on
covering plates of the turrets and the shields. They are probably
made of plastic which permits the passage of rays and are supposed
to house an electric aiming and measuring device.
6. The purpose which the Yagi-type antennas on the fore mast and the
after mast are serving cannot be positively determined. It may be
a vertically polarized radar device working in the decimeter range
(about 50 centimeters), but may be as well ao VHF direction finder.
It is most improbable that it is used as a long-base device in which
the similar gears on the fore mast and the after mast work together.
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Distinguishing Characteristics.
The individual characteristics of the SVERDLOV-Class cruisers were
stated to be as follows:
All ships detailed for goodrill state visits abroad have white
bulwarks and white canvas covers for their guns and other
equipment, whereas tie ships serving in the arctic waters have
gray covers and tarpaulins, etc.
2. Peculiarities of individual ships.
a. 1. SI DANOV. The platform with two twin-barreled 37-mm AA guns
at the after end of the forward smokestack is mounted one
deck height lower than on SVERDLOV and ORD iONIKID59.
2. The sphetical AA fire control stations are each fitted
with a horizontal radar reflector.
1. A bracket projecting far forward and carrying an additional
radar reflector is mounted above the bridge at the mast
tower.
2. InBide the tripod of the after mast is a third platform
about one deck height lower than the hood of the smokestack.
3. An inclined black surface is fitted below the crow's nest on
the after mast.
4. See a. 2.
Qi)inion.
This type of cruiser gives a well balanced impression in general, and war
experiences have been turned to account to a large extent. It is, however,
noticed that torpedo armament has not been given up as it could at best be
of value when attacking enemy convoys. The type does not seem to be
intended for ocean work,,as it lacks certain ocean-going 4*lities,,and
the Soviet igavy has no aircraft carriers or suitable fast auxiliary
vessels for operations in the open sea. It is therefore supposed that
this type of cruiser is mainly intended for strategic-defensive tasks
in the Baltic and in the Arctic Sea and, in addition, to be used in
cooperation with land forces. This would also account for the quality
of equipment of the main artillery with optical instruments for range-
finding, gun laying and spotting. The numerous aiming devices,at the
fire control stations and in the turrets are equipped with, including
possibility of using the individual turrets against separate targets,
constitute an arrangement which is of particular value for shelling
shore targets. The possi131ity of giving the barrels high elevations makes p~wes
i e of high-angle firing possible ranging from 45 to 90 degrees. The
large number of VHF antennas finally indicatesthat they are needed for
communications with the various spotters posted far away at sea or ashore.
The employment of the ship for such special missions with the particular
order-transmitting and communication facilities. they involve, demand
most careful instruction and training.
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Annex 2
Radio and Radar Arrangement on Cruiser SVERDLCV
Legend.
Einzelne Peitschen-Antenne
Peitschen-6ntenne an Stb.u.Bb.
Single rod antenna
Two rdd antennas, on d each on
starboard and port
Panorama-Geraet f. Navigation
FuKG an Stb.
FuKG (Sonde u. hlnpfg. )
Hauptgeraet ftigen.Seitenpeilg.
F. Sprechfunk
5fach Langw.
Peil.rahmen mit Richtungsantenne
Fu1'f
FuMG f. H.A.
Funkrah Bb. Nock
FuMB, ca. 4C cm Dipol
Reuse Mittelw. Bb.
Kurzw.
Mittelw.
Kurzw. Stb.
Langw.
Y-Antenne corn
Y-Antenne a. Stb. u. Bb.
UKW-Antenne
Reuse
Kurzwelle
Langwelle
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