ROCKET ENGINE TESTING AT NII 88 GORODOMLYA ISLAND

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00810A000100380009-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 61
• Document Creation Date: December 21, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 6, 2009
• Sequence Number: 9
• Publication Date: June 19, 1953
• Content Type: REPORT

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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
INFORMATION REPORT
SECRET
SECURITY INFORMAT;ON
SUBJECT
DATE OF INFO.
PLACE ACQUIRED
USSR (Kalinin Oblast)
Rocket Engine Testing at NII 88,
Gorodomlya Island
This Document contains Information affecting the Na-
tional Defense of the United States, within the mean-
ing of Title 18, Sections 793 an4 794, of the U.S. Code, as
amended. Its transmission or revelation of its contents
to or receipt by an unauthorized person is prohibited
by law. The reproduction of this form is prohibited.
REPORT
DATE DISTR.
NO. OF PAGES
REQUIREMENT
REFERENCES
THE SOURCE EVALUATIONS IN THIS REPORT ARE DEFINITIVE.
THE APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
(FOR KEY SEE REVERSE)
DESCRIPTION OF GASWI''HDRAWAL AND TURBINE EXPERIMENTS AT THEE 'ERIMENTAL
AREA GORODOMLYA ISLAl p
1. In 1947, Sector 3'was orde.eed...to erect a small test itan (teat bed)
J.:p~ge:.:.
eEipitcity Of ;C two tone , note.:;Si etth.:on: .,
The purpose was to perform tests with different mixture proportioins,
propellants, temperatures, injection systems, coolants, and burning times.
2. The turbine performance was to be increased mote pages 9 - 19.
3. Sector 11 was ordered to erect the buildings for this project, but the
area was ill-suited for building. Consideration had to be given to the
street: condition, differences in elevation, etc. Changes and conversions,
in design were necessary, since much of the equipment called for in the
plans was not available and could not be procured. As aresult, the
building was not started until the summer of 1948.
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STATE ARMY
NAVY L AIR
FBI AEC 031 e` x
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19 June 1953
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4. With respect to the test stand equipment eepages ]8 - 217 planned in
the years 1947 and 1948, the main problem was the procurement of pressure
liquid containers with suitable flow indicators. Ball pressure containers
which had to be mounted on scales (similar to the ones in Peenemuende and
Radarach) were counted upon at first, but neither the containers or the
scales could be procured. A search of the Soviet norm catalogues for seam-p
less drawn pipe brought about a good emergency solution of the problem of
finding suitable pressure containers. After the required seamless pipe had
arrived and'been inspected, and the static calculations had been completed,
the construction of the test stand was begun. The construction of the
pressure containers, which were actually suction chambers, will be described
in detail later) Another difficulty encountered was in the procurement
of apertures. Similarly, all high-pressure valves, which were paid by the
Soviets to be ready and waiting in Moscow, had to be designed and construe
ted at Gorodomlya. The story was the same in the cases of pneumatic valves,
automatic (non-return) check valves, etc. To avoid these bottlenecks, a
large number of A-4 apertures were incorporated into the preliminary de-
signs. In addition, Dr. COERMAN:had to develop new pressure pick-ups for
flow quantity measurement note pages 22 - 2
5. At the same time, Prof. BAUER issued directives to the construction depart-
ment to have the test-head element, middle part, and Laval nozzle worked
on simultaneously note pages 25 - 317. The gas withdrawal system was
theoretically worked out by Dr. UMPFENBACH, Ing. POINTNER, and Dr. FERCHLAND.
The main preliminary work for this system was completed in the spring and
summer of 1947 in X'odlipki.
7.
Two compressors were receiv
ed in the latter part of December 1948. By
another ro ect.
order of the director, one
The result of this was that
"Was
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of intentionally delaying the work of Sector 2. Further ill
caused by the distribution of personnel. Sector 3 was under
its task. Dr. UMPFENBACH took this matter up with,the Sovie
KURGANEV, who, immediately transferred to Sector 3 the approp
and 4. T
2
ctors 1
f
S
-feeling
staffed for
t head, Ing.
riate personnel.
ads of
he
,
,
rom
e
from other sectors, especially
_t Interpreted +11, s action as a personal affron
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The rest of the Germans, however, rel-t -ciiu u she
ersonal gain.
f
t
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s o
p
quarrel was mainly concerned with prospec
The tasks
from June 1947 to November 1948 were as follows:
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a. To requisition all equipment necessary for the mechanical con-
struction of the test stand, to advise in.its construction; and
to make the appropriate drawings. A quick development was impos-
sible because of the procurement difficulties. For example, if
one ordered a brass pipe in January or February which was needed in
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October, one would not receive it. I -,~,he USSR, all
orders for the c.eiming year had to be placed. by
December 15 at the latest. This raw aot that sometimes
a whole year had to pass e-fore receiving the needed
material. The result was that evervane ordered much ,.
more than was actua1,ly needed,, for trading purposes..
The next bask was to get up the ooniprer es ?;.'~:; his
it ready ;for operation, iin~ 'a:rrixary 1949 eto .1'
took over the e~:fiction of the cor pressu b Ld
with the appropriate fo(Zad.ation for th0: cOW;pre . ssor
On the first ?e: Mmm .r.ti Q , of ~t,h coutp t es or, it a was
noted that the Whole comp'r'essor had r3 eeli di~.pped
into hoar grease be 'sire leav-i.n -f ptory?.? o keep
n L' Sector 3, vase :few tools
it from rusting. S i:.nce :1_
were.. aura .fable, acid no. building wa>i a rai:l.able for
the : lsassembl.y. I Insisted. that the P .r)maaroes,s'ar
be tri ngpQrted to' he workshi p f o;r this -Oork.
The disassembly was' necessary for cleri i4g purposes,,
becau.ee it was found that all it pipes ahd. dhots
were stopped up Witt: Brea e . The c t. ea.n Lng tuizd
assem.bl.y of the compressor was J-*y` uj.s shed, in ;11948.
It afJ - se?i'! up in ,I lr,?'~:4ac J..~.4 1.4~. The .flil--d . t o SJ [..e .n V
setting it c ,: arras that steed. . ':re ie, t 1 h
`
!.`,; . d no
the con press62' 'I 4', rector h. ad' to . t 3e 'l ,pL
fit e Compressor sand o o had: to ": he.. t c n,1 off
the 'r ep the frame d i8 connected :fror.- Its nchor' 'Ir
and, new holels. drilled into the i'ra e Izk the work
sho ..A This misfit. occurred in spite, of. the. faot
that the, frame 9 otor,,and eo7 pressor. Were; del.iv er(ad
from the ' sa::e' work hop v : Ac 'xue.l)..y, erei .oe
,height- of the 4X1es of comjir?e~ so:r and motor was
18 m. in July 194,8;. the, acceptance
was: ;made and the fir w test run of the, c9p:pressor
was, performed.. From February to J-an.e 1.948, the
first, hi'gli-pressa Re battery-o-(10 hottie). was'
aet"upp1.?ta,~r,bed, anal tested with 44.10.0 PSI
(300 at' test; pressure? At the; se e .time,, work
" 4w
the
the
aosemb.l of
S krOff~d
a
St?ftor
L/se e
a
Preliminary Work`, '02 'Container
--leakage. test of the liquid container , t
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water (static preseure)
(2 naulation slots plugged with glass wool and
wires' up
(,3) Complete ',degreasing of all built-in parts
Bad nt `;steel o on tainers inside..with special
_aa r. ,ah ,(lacq
1*res$ure test.at ..882 oo .PST EC ~,t a.n-.5. the steel
eoXita 'A'dr . filled .with water
Prelim nar 'Work B- and K-Stoff Containers
{l) ,eakage test of the liquid container with water
(.static pressure).
. (2 )- Clean all built-in parts
(3) Paint steel containers inside with varnish
(4) Pressure test at 852.6 PSI (58 att.), steel
containers filled with water
Assembler and Testing of -t,~je 0.,, Container
Great care was necessary when assembling to avoid
leakage after the assembly. Bach email opening in
the upper part `of the liquid, container, relative to
.,the overflow container, could
cause . leakage.. Aster the liquid pon.tainer was in-
_oorporated. into the steel container. and. all open
ea nections were bolted it was again pressure
tested with 147.0 PSI - (1,0 atU). If the container
did not show leakage during the test, it was
released for installation. The same conditions ap-
plied to the B-~ and, K-Stof'f containers.
The construction of the. test stand was finished in De-
cember i948r The mechanical and electrical 'completion
of the test stand. was very dif f cult u An order was given
to oor~plete the. test stand by February'.1., 1949. (That
was ar. order , of a minister who had little technical
understandi:zg The Germans expected to receive the
apertures' from Moscow- s' Whethbr these apert'ares were
going to be delivered according to drawings, or whether.
others' had been , readied in. Moscow, nobody could tell
because .,of' the order ' thatmouatings and lead-ins be put
in without the apertures. Since the measurements of
the apertures were unknown, mountingsand lead-ire were
put in by , visual observation. When the apertures
finally arrived. in May 1949* nothing matched. Because
of an expected visit from the Armament Ministry, all
the mountings and lead-ins had to be painted in differ-
ent colors. (When the minister entered .the test '
area, it was explained, that everythi .g ...:was ' ready except
fora few apertures which had to be mounted in between).
The changes that had to be made because the measurements
of the apertures were different those originally presumed
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reauired nearly three times 7~~ ~ Q t ti:ae ?f anew 1 yiaic.
Transition and Adautian for Gas Withdrawal
the turbine was to be operated by gas 25X1
manufactured by injection of K--Stoff. The temperature could
be controlled bg varying the amount of K_Stoff injected.
According to theoretical calculations,.a pipe system nearly
seven meters long had to be mounted to the cooling head in
order to determine exactly the gas characteristics. 25X1
tneore'G10a.LLy", LV WUW =M.6ii vQ i&&%wA v&&c - ???- 25X1
temperature would be,constant only after a long' period. This
theory was later proven incorrect. Further gas analyses at
different cone n were made with nearly all gas with-
drawal tests. 25X1
l0. Development of the Ignition gee* pages 41 - 43J
The firing mechanism first developed by Ing. POINTIER and Dipl.
Ing. KRETSCEMAR was badly designed and would probably have
resulted in a lose of lives at later tests.
11. Description of the First Firing Mechanism (Zuendeiirichtung).
ff ee pages 41 - 43J
The mechanism consisted of:
a. Acetylene. pressure tank, 29.4 PSI (2 atfi)
Oxygen bottle with conventional reducing valve
e. Butt (Handpieoe)
This ignition system was only used for the first five tests,
i.e., those tests made without.the Laval jet. After every-
thing was ready for tae test the butt was ignited with-a
match, much the same as with regular welding apparatus.
From the assembly stand, it was then put through the pipe
of the O2 Head and 'screwed in.;.. This method was very
dap eroue and complicated. Only after Ing. VIEBACK, Ing.
VIEBACH was at that time given a special assignment for the
ignition s tem for Object I) refused to use the people
working for the insertion of this in a closed system 25X1
was a new method worked out.
12. Operation of the B-Scoff Level Indicator zgee, pages 44 - 52j
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many bores which were mounted above to eembuetion unit.)
Immediately. a large scale investigation was started to find
the reason for the burning out and who miaht be'anilty
Nothing could be establisbe d.
d or
the, ignition. failed during the. first run an this main
stages were.switch.ed . in, the full flow `of .02 caused such a,._,
strong cooling, action that the water was frozen in the
middle part and the outlet nipple. In the second ran, the
water pump was running; however, the water did not go
throu for the above-.mentioned reasons,,' Therefore, pool- ,.
ing did not take place. This caused
the middle part and the cooling head.
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15. The worst. explosion at the teat-stance'follawed next. After
a new middle part and cooling head were provided the
assembl took place in the same manner.` As in- tie previous
,nuous y ,until the starting of, ,the next test. Aftes
t the ignition failed. Dice to the pprrevious. findifge,
the water passages. and the pump run oon-' 25X1
;about' 35 minutes, all work, for the new test was aoc?mpliihed
there wss.a strong detonation when the fuse was i ted..;
The 180 ourver and the connecting uao o of ed piper lew : apart
and were .torts, into many pieoes. ~ he' reason for the explosion
was the collection of highly explosive gages in-the pipes.
The familiar word "sabotage was hinted' at more and mare by
the Soviets. At a discussions Dr.. PEECHLAMOrecommended 25X1
that, the tests be run with the short, system. The next day,
Dr.. U PENBACI3 designed a, preliminary outlet curve - with
valve. Lee pages . 9 - 15J
16MAfter completion of the preliminary outlet ' curve and the
preliminary outlet valve, the starting of a test was-no :
longer a problem. After switching ofr the ignitiony it
could be determined at the exit o the' open preliminary out-
: valve whether ignition bad set in, If ignition had set
i, sparks could be seen at the exit. After switching in
of the main stage the preliminary outlet valve ,was slowly
oloe d' by means of the control pressure water from container 48:"C
,see pages 53 - 567.
3.70A fast and 'safe development of ggas.withdrawal 'tests was
insured by these changes. Hardly' any changes in regard to
the test results could be noted between the long and.tbe
short system under the same conditions.. Thie'wae confirmed
later, when tests were run-with-different langths.of'gas
withdrawal. pipes. About 40 tests. with gas analyses were`,
run with this system, whi'oh was not.eubje?ted to any prinoi-
pal changes.
18. Gas analyses were taken while using different lengths of.
pipe systems. The gas was branched off right from the
ddle of the gas, stream, f see pages 9- i ,and diverted
to containers 1-3 at different temperatures and conoentra
.tions via the valve blocks with valves 1-3..
19.
during the spring of 1951 Lsee page 627.
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mcm
_8--
BATTERY 94 Y
STOftAgc foot
MATERIAL .
PROPELLANT 8-ST. 18i
MIXING PpOPELLATERANT ?
PROPELLANT MTCRMEDIATE
STORAGE
PROPELLANT READY FOR USE
KEROSENE
CAVE AND pipe TyNffl&L
LAVOA 'ORY FOR CEARCNERSiREGULATORS
d4EO RIR CYLINDER FOR CONTROL OE
F
VICESA
/ , . CEN
R
CONTROL DEVICES LADORATDRY
COMPRESSED AIR BRTTERY EACH 450 LITER UNDER 200 ATG PRE SSURE
OOC
~~cQ Y
ELEiTRi CO RESS" AIR OISTRION7IOM
CONTROL
WORKSHOP FOR OA PLANT
STORAGE ROOM
OIL I GREASE
APARA PARTS
B-STOFF TANK WORK. PRESS. 31 A'rO.
COMBUSTION ROOM.
WATER TANK 40DOLITCKS
.MA1a+SD4
093F" It
PLANT
OAT S WORKINS PR[SSVRC SVATO iirLIT[R
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"COOLING FLUID T NN NW/AE PR-I~~
8?SI OR MATER 5ea1ac 4OA{~I
CODLII N SYSTEM N VRDRRNEATN
THE CONTROL ROOM
VOTE; S?STAPFDf @STAFF1SO ARE GERMAN CODE
NAMES FOR PROPELLANT USED AT T[ir STAND
AIR COMPRESSOR 200ATO
MOTOR FOR COMPRESSOR,110 KW
I
FILLING STAT-
ION FDA
OXYGEN
CYLINDERS
9
GP?l~,to P.
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-8a.
Withdrawal Tests
Continuation of Description of Tests and Their Results
1. Before switching over to the. gas. withdrawal system, two tests were run
with cooling head "d" Jee sketches on pages 11 - lg. These were
purely functional tests. be assembly was the same as that shown in the
sketch on page 56,'except that the coolin head (Kuehikopf) was screwed
on in place of the Laval jet (Lavalduese) The pressures on the 02,
B-,and K-Stoff main stages were CIA, CB, Q and Pig and were measured on the
oscillograph. The results of the test were unobjectionable, as had been
expected<
System with Gas Withdrawal P ipes.
2. The first gas withdrawal test installations were made from theoretical
considerations Ls-ee sketches on pages it - i7. The system contained:
02 Head Element 1
B-Stoff Head Element 2
3/4 Middle Part 3
K-Stoff Head Element 4
Transition Piece 5
90 degree Curver, cooled 6
2 cooled pipes, each 2 meters long 7
180 degree Curver, uncooled 8
Short withdrawal pipe with temperature-measuring nipple,
uncooled, 1 meter long 9
45 degree Curver, uncooled, 35 cm long 10
Jet (Duese) 40 mm
(Entire length of pipe was about 7 meters.)
The main difficulty in assembling was in the seal at the points where
water passage sealers had to be built in. This assembly required naa y~iat
deal of time. (Until December 1950 the test stand was equipped
a K-container, and until December 1951 with only an 02 container.)
3. In the initial test experiments, test orders were given to the experi-
menters just before they began the tests, I.e., the test program was
discussed with all participating personnel and then accomplished. However,
it was soon realized that this was impossible, and that detailed, written
test orders had to be on hand. The following is a description of the
first gas withdrawal test, noting all preliminary work in the mechanical
field and, as far as is known, in the field of measuring technique.
TIPST G
Test Campaign No.-....
Test Order No........
Consecutive Trial No. System:
As described above
Test Characteristics
0scillograph: aA; aB; 4K; Pi; TTE
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(Temperature); PTE (Pressure before nozzle) Pbo 852.6 PSI (58 atii)
Tank Pressure for B-Container.
123.4 PSI(22 atiz),
Tank Pressure for K-Container
123x4- PST 22 atii
Tank Pressure for 02 -Container
368,8 PSI(24 at i ~
Values to be read during test: (Not remembered by me)
Preliminary Stage injection pressuress 02, B?-Stoff,
K--S'tof'f Pi
Main Stage inje:cti ?n -pressures: 02, B?*Stoff, K-Stoff, Pi
Pump Pressure
Preliminary Setting of Control chokess' (Assumed)-.02-4 turns
Brl* turns
K-?2 turns
Quantities to be filled in:
B,'Stoff -- 90kg R 715% ,alcohol
K,.Stoff 160 kg.. 75% alcohol
.02 - 100 kg.
Quantities Tanked:
Remainder of propellants in the feeder containers
after test:
Duration of burn;ng: 70 secs
Temperature: 400 C
Size of Shutter: B-Stoff (Depending on mixture desired)
K--Stoff " n.
02 a !1' "
Sequence of Switching erations:
02-. preliminary stage
Firing (ignition)
B - preliminary stage
> 4
02 - main stage
B-- "
i "
Signatures:
Sector Leader (German)
Dr 9 TJT PENBACH
Test Researcher (German)
Dr. PERCHLAND
Test Stand Leader Mach (German)
Ing, BRtTENNER
Test Evaluation (German):
Ingo PESTLE
Preliminary Work
Sector Leader (Soviet)
Ing,,. MITSK'EVICH
Proving Ground Leader(Soviet).,
Ing. ioFFE
Test Stand Leader. .Bled, ((der)
D r o . NtAGN
Pressure test gas withdrawal system at 2206 PSI (15.atu), Pill
.up high pressure bottle batterry~,1764Q0 2940,,0 PSI(120-200
atu), Build in specified-diaphragms into the B,K,and 02
measuring tract (pressure test after incorporation). Cali-
brate' measuring cell (Messdose , -B-.,K~-Stoff, 02 m Test
connection to the oscillograph before incorporation of
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Thermo elements; open high pressure to the test stand t the
distribution board; open valve 43 [see sketch on page 1-8f
for control valve box; trial run oT pump with water thru rate
of flow. Switching of all pneumatic valves for function (after
clearance signal of the measuring group.). Set blubber-pressure
to 441.0 PSI (30 atU), fill in B-Stoff, fill in K-Stoff, fill
in 02. After completion of filling of B- and K-Stoff and
pressure applied up to the pneumatic valves, the application. is
done by applyin pressure to the B- and K-containers (about.
58?8 PSI, 4 ati ., and by opening of the control chokes and
opening up of the forward-pressure valves,
Commands of the est Stan4 ..M of :
Open preliminary'* cooing valve I
Open preliminary cooling valve II
Tank pressures
Attention oscillograph
Switch on pump
Close preliminary cooling valve I
Flushing on
Incorporate fuse
cooling II off
Preliminary
,,
Additional inquiry whether everything is set for the test
Oscillograph on (awaiting return command.)
Preliminary setting of control chokes
02 preliminary stage
Igniting
B Preliminary stage
K Preliminary stage(wai.ting about 5 seconds until flame
develops)
02 Main-stage
B Main stage These stages have to be switched in very
K Main stage quick succession
Combustion cut-off(at cut-off signal all pneumatic valves
are closed. Flushing commences immediately).
Exhaust (entlueften) feeder containers
Cutoff pump
Close Pb
Cut-off flushing
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Sum b ine
To increase the niamber? of. rota d-Ons additional zeg--
ments mere incor'poratech Result from 4,000 to-PACK,
revolutions; iNspan decreased (_ tests at moss a Temerature was between
500 and 600 degrees according to - R'aaceurate information. The turbine
with both pumps is drawn transposed The connection "a" is located opposite jet pipes.
The distance between W" and "b" was about 1e5 m; the distance between Ud" and "eS4 was
about 2 mm The preliinary outlet valve vas controlled by water through container "g"
and valve "h"a Preliminary outlet valve "f" is kept undQr 1-2 ATO, shortly before
beginning a testa `Iater emerges out of the bores of mushroomi'i; cooling it,Y
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Mechanical Test Stand Equip m entee sketch on page 18_7
..Superstructure Construction:
A. - 0 pontainer Room 2 fi4C-2_;X
!
B- M aeuring Camber 2 x x
0. - Battery Doom 2.x 2, x.4 mm.
D - Control Room 4x;,4:x.2 mm.
P Propellant Room 2 x 2 x 6 mm.
Color Markings:
(aBlue 0
2
Purple - Propellant} '' sprit )
`Red - Petroleum (Kerosene)
Yellow - Compressed Air
Light Green - Water
.Green -Motor for control: valve
Brown - Level indicator
The 02 room contains pressure .;eantro~.6 ` "e ver~r oo ?a,ia~ere
1 and 2, the air-intake valve 3, the air-outlet "valve 4,
control valve with motor 5, intermediate valve 6,safety valve.7,
overflow,valve 74, 75 , two level ' ndcators not, drawn in
ii'
(theyare parallel connected with the indicators in the
control. room) ,- the fill-in valve 8, as well. as the. different
feed bores, which are-_-descri.'ged in detail later.
The measuring chamber contains all electricaldevices.needed at
the test stand. (rectifier, voltage'regulator.,