FULFILLMENT OF RUMANIAN ANNUAL PLAN FOR 1950

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700250155-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 11
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 8, 2011
• Sequence Number: 155
• Publication Date: June 11, 1956
• Content Type: REPORT

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FULFILiMENT OF RUMANIAN ANNUAL PLAN FOR 1950
(This report is a full translation of an article which appeared
on 2 February 1951 in the Bucharest daily newspaper Viata Sindicala
on fulfillment of the Rumanian 1950 annual economic plan. The 1950
plan was the second of two such annual plans which preceded Rumania's
First Five-Year Plan, 1951-1955.3
The State Planning Commission of the RPR (Republica Populara Romina, Ru-
manian People's Republic) announced the results of the 1950 State Plan, as fol-
lows: During 1950, the RPR national economy achieved noteworthy successes in
the development of industry, agriculture, transportation, and construction, as
well as in the improvement of the material and cultural levels of the working
class. These successes were attained through the efforts of the Rumanian workers
and through the brotherly and many-sided aid of the USSR.
The development of the national economy during 1950 can be determined from
the following data.
Industry
The over-all production plan for 1950 was fulfilled 104 percent. Plan ful-
fillment by ministries is as follows:
Ministries and Their Subdivisions Plan Fulfillment (~)
Ministry of Electric Power 110.6
General Directorate of the Electric
Power Industry 112.8
Electrical Equipment Industry 108
Ministry of Mines and Petroleum 102.6
Petroleum Industry 98 2
Methane Gas Industry 121 3
Coal Industry 96
Metallurgical Enterprises 118
Ministry of Metallurgy and Chemical Industry 110.6
General Directorate cf Steel
Sovrorunetal 103.5
General Directorate of Machine Building 125
and Heavy Equipment 110.2
General Directorate of Metallurgy 131.2
Sovromtractor
General Directorate of Chemistry 133.4
General Directorate of Nonferrous Metallurgy 107.8
General Directorate of Mine Exploration, 107.8
Exploitation, and Preparation 129.8
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Ministry of Construction (Division of Construction
Materials)
Ministry of Forestry and of the Wood and Paper Industry
 Directorate of Wood Industry and of Finished Wood
Products Industry
General Directorate of Cellulose and Paper
Ministry of Light Industry
Directorate of the Wool and Silk I
d
n
ustry
Directorate of the Cotton, Linen, and Hemp Industry 111.5
Directorate of the Knitted Goods and Ready-to-Wear 91.6
Clothing Industry
S. A. Textil [not further identified) 112.2
Directorate of the Leather and Rubber Industry 112
Directorate of the Glass and Ceramics Industry 99.4
Directorate of the Toy and Paper Goods Industry 97.7
127.7
Ministry of Food Industry
90.4
Directorate of Bread Industry
Directorate of the Edible Oil Industry 124.6
Directorate of the Tobacco and Salt Industry 88
Meat Division 110
State Committee for the Collection of
Agricultural Products (Industrial Production)
117.4
Artisan, Rome [Industries?), and Invalid
Cooperatives (Industrial Production)
119
Consumer Cooperatives (Industrial Production)
148.3
General Directorate of Printing, Polygraphic
Industry, and of Book and Press Dissemination
(Industrial Production)
109.4
114.2
107
101.3
Directorate of the Soap Industry 103.6
111
Ministry of Communications (Industrial Production)
107.7
Ministry of Health (Industrial Production)
102.7
y
Directorate of the Alcoholic and Fermented Products
Industry
Directorate of the Milk Industr
W - J 95
on
Local Industry
103.5
During 1950, substantial quantities of the following products were produced
above plan: methane gas, iron ore, metallurgical coke, iron, steel, drawn steel
pipes, drilling derricks, mud pumps, tractors, seeders for tractors, electric
motors, transformers, furniture, prefabricated homes, paper, chemical fertilizers,
woolen textiles, silk textiles, rubber footwear, canned meats, macaroni products,
beer, tobacco, soap, and others.
As compared to 1949, the 1950 production was as follows:
Products
Electric Power
Coal
Petroleum products
Methane Gas
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116.5
110.2
113.5
124.2
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Iron ore
Pig iron
Steel
Rolled products
Traction cables
Refractory brick
Internal combustion motors
Metal constructions
Machine tools
Cement plants
Small and medium-sized bearings
Drilling derricks
Rotary tables
Mud pumps
Pump units
1,000-ton barges
Tractors
Tractor plows
Electric rotating machinery
Transformers
Electric bulbs
Cement
Lumber
Paper
Caustic and calcined soda
Sulfuric acid
Organic dyes
Chemical fertilizers
Tires
Furniture
Radios
Cotton textiles
Woolen textiles
Silk textiles
Knitted wear
Linen and hemp textiles
Leather footwear
Rubber footwear
Flour
Bread
Meat
Edible oils
Canned meats
Macaroni products
Milk
Cheese
Butter
Sugar products
Marmalade
Beer
Tobacco
Soap
122
121.8
121.5
110.8
122.6
117
204.7
154
958
392
3,47o
133.3
413
boo
220.5
300
168.8
318
200.4
122.8
114.5
117.3
122
111.7
106.5
135
145.7
128.7
122
158
215.8
140.2
126.6
111.4
159.8
190.4
124.8
127.8
142.3
125
109
129.7
211
155.4
122.3
158
113.2
127.3
141
114.8
109.4
136.2
The value of the over-alltheindustrial1949 production for 1950 was 137.3 percent,
as compared to the value of industrial production.
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Due to new technological processes and to technical and organizational meas-
ures, the rate of use of industrial equipment improved in 1950. Thus, improved
installations and better-handled loading operations in the metallurgical industry
resulted in a 15.6 percent increase in the utilization of furnace capacity, as
compared to 1949. The best results were obtained at furnaces No 1 and No 2 of
the Sovrommetal Works in Resita and at furnace No 1 of the Hunedoara Metallur-
gical Works.
The production of steel per square meter of available space of Siemens-
Martin furnaces rose 10.3 percent over the 1949 Production; despite this fact
the 1950 plan was fulfilled only 97 percent in this respect.
The number of hours [of usage] of installed power in the electric power sta-
thetion1950s
ThisMinistry
higher thanyinr194was 9,7 8 percent over
The machine-building and metal-processing industry was aided by the USSR in
its efforts to replace and complete its equipment. The rate of utilization of
machine tools greatly increased. The General Directorate of Machine Building and
Heavy Equipment showed a 13 percent increase in the utilization of its equipment
during the fourth quarter of 1950, as compared to the first quarter of the same
year.
Sovromlemn achieved significant progress in the rate of usage of its frame
saws, with a 110-percent fulfillment of plan.
The planned index for the use of wool-spinning machinery was surpassed by
10 percent and that of silk-spinning machinery was surpassed 5.5 percent.
The consumption of raw materials, other materials, fuel, and electric power
was much lower in 1950 than in 1949, which fact resulted in substantial savings.
In the chemical industry, however, a majority of the norms set for the consump-
tion of certain raw materials were not met, and consumption of raw materials was
greater than planned.
Over 100 new types of products were produced for the first time in Rumania
during 1950; and mass production of many of these was started. For example, the
iron and steel industry produced cooper-coated, steel-base electric wiring, 17
new types of electric wiring, and experimental laminated pipes used in the produc-
tion of bearings.
The machine-building industry produced more than 35 new items, such as the
following: metal-finishing machinery (including new type lathes), slotting
machines, grinding machines, horizontal boring and milling machines, roller bear-
ing machinery, mechanical hammers, and circular metal-cutting saws; industrial
equipment, including cement plants, 35-atmosphere steam boilers, deep-drilling
petroleum equipment, compressors, and centrifugal pumps; textile machinery, in-
cluding triple carding machines and laminating machinery for cotton mills; new
agricultural machinery, including combines, reaper-binders, shellers, and others;
transportation equipment, including river tugboats, new-type heavy freight cars,
refrigeration cars, and trolley buses.
The electrical equipment industry produced new types of electric motors for
turboblowers and cement plants. The chemical industry produced new types of an-
organic pigments, and the cellulose and paper industry produced new kinds of
paper, including parchment paper used in monotype operations.
New technical ideas were adopted for the first time in 1950, and Soviet
technology was applied on an increasingly wider scale. Thus, the metallurgical
industry expanded its production of special steels in Siemens-Martin furnaces,
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and adopted the practice of laminating, rather than forging, the keXly used in
the petroleum industry. The machine building and metal-processing industry started
to apply the Soviet method for rapid cutting of metals.
The standardization of products was extended in the petroleum, metallurgical,
construction materials, wood, cellulose, and paper industries. New standards
have been set, control and enforcement of old stnadards have been intensified,
and measuring and control apparatus have been increasingly used.
During 1950, the quality of the following industrial products was improved:
bearirgs, lathes, injection pump for use in petroleum wells, special coupling,
gasoline, special oils, bulbs, shoes, and clothing.
Existing technical and scientific institutes have been expanded, and research
and planning activities have been improved. At the same time, 12 new departmental
research and planning institutes have been established.
Production costs in Rumania's industries dropped 6 percent in 1950, as com-
pared to 1949. Outstanding reductions in production costs were achieved by the
following (in percent): General Directorate of Machine Building and Heavy Equip-
ment, 13.8; Sovromtractor, 13.5; General Directorate of Electrical Equipment,
13.4; General Directorate of Metallurpr, 13.3; Sovrompetrol, 12.4; and Directo-
rate of the Wood Products Industry, 10.8.
In 1950, local resources were exploited and used 506 percent, as compared
to 1949. People's councils initiated new economic units and started the practice
of utilizing local fuel. The number of artisan cooperatives rose from 398 in
1949 to 667 in 1950, and the number of members enrolled in artisan cooperatives
rose from 42,500 to 78,700. Numerous production units were set up within artisan
cooperatives, most of them in rural areas. To increase the number and variety
of consumer goods on the market, numerous industrial enterprises set up special
sections for the utilization of scrap materials.
Agriculture and Forestry
In 1950, Rumania's agriculture was characterized by an expansion of its
socialist activities and by the large-scale adoption of mechanized processesses
and of other advanced measures.
Despite the 1950 drought, the 1950 harvest of the principal agricultural
products exceeded that of 1949. Thus, as compared to 1949 grain production in
1950 Has 160 percent; vegetables, 127 percent; rice, 332 percent; and cotton,
340 percent. The plan for the production of corn, sunflowers, and sugar beets
was not fulfilled.
Over 2.8 million hectares were stubble-plowed in the summer of 1950. The
fall seeding plan was fulfilled, and over 3.1 million hectares were planted in
the fall.
State farms improved their work, and the average daily production was far
greater than that of individual farmers. As compared to 1949, the average pro-
duction of state farms in 1950 was as follows (in percent): cotton, 281; winter
wheat, 151; spring wheat, 174; rice, 148; and sunflowers, 124.
At the end of 1950, there were more than 1,000 collective farms, to which
a total of 65,800 families belonged.
STAT
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collective farms realized largeLL uy means of advanced agricultural methods, the
col (per-] g per-hectare yields. In comparison with the aver-
age tape? ) production achieved by individual farmers, the average [per-
] production realized by collective farms was as follows (in percent):
grain, 140; corn, 240; and sunflower, 220.
Following the example of Soviet collectives, several of the Rumanian col-
lectives set up smithies, wheelwright shops, and ropemakers' shops. In this
manner, such collectives as the loan Corvin collective in the Constants Regiune
and the Cenadul Mare collective in the Timisoara Regiune were each able to in-
crease their income by 2 million lei.
The number of M1'S reached 138. During 1950, these stations were supplied
with 2,700 tractors, 2,785 tractor plows, 679 threshers, 700 cultivators, 500
shelters, 50 reaper-binders, and 250 grain seeders.
As compared to 1949, the volume of work completed by MPS was 184 percent,
but the 1950 plan for MTS was not fulfilled. As compared to 1949, the number of
TOZ formed by poor and medium peasants rose to 378 percent in 1950.
The land improvement plan was fulfilled, improvements covering an area of
60,400 hectares.
To ensure the growth of animals and improve their breed, animal centers in
communes were furnished with 119,000 breeding animals. In the process of improv-
ing the breed of the tsigae sheep, the achievements of 1950 exceeded these of
1949 considerably.
The number of animals held in state farms increased in 1950 over 1949 as
follows (in percent): stud horses, 16.4; draft horses, 22.6; bovines, 21.7;
sheep with fine and semifine wool, 30; and pigs, 48. The supply of serum and
vaccines for the prevention and cure of animal diseases was 71 percent greater
in 1950 than in 1949.
The afforestation plan was fulfilled 117.8 percent and the total area
planted equaled more than 60,000 hectares. The 1950 plan for rejuvenating forests,
for fire control, for improving waste areas, and for controlling mountain torrents
was also fulfilled. Forest maintenance work was continued, and inventories of
l
ting
umber available for exploitation were taken. However, the best methods of cut-ref atioh ndif ihultg.wood
Theiplann
as rest-
resin, etc., was surpassed by 27.9 percent in 1950.
Transportation and Communicntions
The 1950 plan for freight transportation was fulfilled 109.6 percent, and
that for passenger transportation was fulfilled 122.8 percent. This represented
a 19.6 percent increase in freight transportation and a 22.5 percent increase in
passenger transportation, as compared to 1949.
The ,total vol1ume of rail transportation in 195 was 19 49Descent higher
for,lreight and.21 percent higher for passengers, t n in19+? Daily carload-
, also surpassed the 1950 plan.
Improvements in the quality of work, technical processes, and the planning
of train traffic resulted in over-alt improvements. Thus, in 1950, freight-car
running time was reduced by 12.3 percent, the commercial speed of steam-powered
trains rose 9.5 percent, and the commercial speed of freight trains rose 6.9 per-
cent, as compared to 1949.
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The 1950 fuel consumption rate per ton-kilometer was 9.6 percent less than
planned. The plan for reducing the average distance traveled by loaded freight
cars was not fulfilled 100 percent.
The 1950 volume of motor transportation, carried out by transportation en-
terprises, exceeded the 1949 level 106.4 percent for freight transportation, and
42.5 for passenger transportation. The average distance traveled daily by buses
and trucks was increased in 1950, and all transportation facilities were more
fully utilized.
In 1950, the volume of maritime freight transportation was 32.9 percent
higher than in 1949. Despite the fact that the 1950 river transport for freight
was 5.3 percent higher than in 1949, and for passengers 19.8 percent higher,
still the 1950 river transportation plan was not fulfilled in its entirety.
The 1950 air transport plan was fulfilled as follows: passenger transport,
4.6 percent higher than in 1949, and mail and freight transport, 26.3 percent
higher.
As compared to 1949, transportation costs were reduced by 10 percent, as
planned.
In 1950, state stores and cooperatives offered for sale goods valued at a
total of 230 billion lei, as compared to 159 billion lei in 1949.
The amount of goods distributed to the urban population was 42 percent higher
than in 1949, particular attention being given to workers' centers. Nevertheless,
certain items are still not available as needed. Even though larger quantities
of meats, milk, and dairy products were distributed in 1950 than in 1949, never-
theless the growing needs of the population were still not fully satisfied.
Bread distribution was improved, since 15 percent more bread was distributed
in 1950 than in 1949, and its quality was much improved.
The [commercial] exchange between villages and cities was intensified, since
the rural population was offered 53 percent more consumer goods in 1950 than in
1949. The total number of rural sales through cooperatives reached 54.5 billion
lei in 1950 and the total number of purchases through the cooperatives reached
14.5 billion lei.
The volume of sales through consumer cooperatives rose by 116.5 percent in
1950, as compared to 1949. Due to a growth in- the volume of consumer goods des-
tined for rural areas, cooperatives purchased increasing amounts of agricultural
products. The 1950 [purchase?] plan was surpassed by 11; percent but the variety
plan was not fulfilled for certain products.
As compared to 1949, the population was offered 44 percent more macaroni
products in 1950, 53 percent more sugar products, 74 percent more rice, 24 per-
cent more cotton textiles, 82 percent more woolen textiles, 12 percent more silk
textiles, and 38 percent more leather footwear.
The volume of goods dispensed through the network of public eating places
of the state commercial sector rose by 240 percent in 1950, as compared to 1949.
During 1950, the network of state and cooperative stores continued to ex-
pand,; increasing by 1,251 state stores and 5,530 cooperative stores. Of the
latter number, 4,255 stores were in rural areas.
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The results attained in the field of finance contributed largely to the con-
solidation and development. of the national economy. The [planned] 1950 budget
was carried out successfully, inasmuch as the state's income exceeded the planned
amount. This fact made it possible for the state to meet without interruption and
completely all its obligations of an economic, social-cultural, and administrative
nature, and also permitted the strengthening of the country's monetary system.
The progressive improvement of financial work, increase in financial disci-
pline, and the development of a sense of management in all state institutions,
enterprises, and economic organizations, resulted in an increase in socialist
accumulations and in their more proper utilization, thus contributing to a con-
solidation of the country's finances.
Increased Number of Workers and Functionaries and Greater Labor Productivity
In 1950, the total number of paid personnel employed in state enterprises
or institutions rose by 430,000, as compared to 1959. Of this number, 280,000
were workers.
To meet the ever-growing needs of industry, 108,500 workers raised their
qualifications and 50,000 additional workers are now in the process of becoming
better qualified.
Almost 60 percent of all paid employees were encouraged by the General
Confederation of Labor to enter Socialist competitions. In the course of these
socialist competitions, workers in all branches of the national economy have
applied Soviet working methods on an increasingly wider scale.
The creative initiative of workers manifested itself through large contribu-
tions to the over-all technical development and through numerous investions, in-
novations, and rationalizations.
Throughout all the branches of the national economy, work on a piece-work
basis was extended, covering new 63 percent of all industry.
Due to a growth in technical processes, better utilization of equipment and
time, increase in time norms, and a higher qualification of workers, labor pro-
ductivity rose in 1950 above the 1949 level as follows (in percent): machinP-
building industry, 26; iron and steel industry, 13; petroleum industry, 14;
chemical industry, 20; food industry, 18.5; and building industry, 17.
Standard of Living and Social-Cultural Work
As a result of the growth and development of th;: national economy, the
workers' standard of living rose 13 percent in 1950, as compared to 1949.
The average pay of industrial workers rose 11 percent in 1950, as compared
to 1949. Similarly, social salaries (salariul social, possibly subsidized sal-
aries) rose appreciably over those in 1949, the expenses of the state for this
purpose amounting to 45.5 billion lei, as compared to 27 billion lei in 1949.
In 1950, social salaries showed a 25.6 percent increase over nominal salaries
(salariul nominal).
In 1950, the State Social Insurance Organization paid out 3.4 billion lei
in welfare aid payments and 7.7 billion lei in pensions. Also in 1950, 250,000
adults and children were sent to vacations, as compared to 195,000 in 1949.
This represents an increase of 31 percent. New workers' homes were built, par-
ticularly in workers' centers. These covered an area of 370,000 square meters.
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In 1950, over 2 million students were enrolled in elementary, secondary,
and professional schools. There were 53,800 students in higher education,
which represents a 17-percent increase over 1949. Over 33,000 specialists and
qualified personnel graduated from professional, secondary and technical schools,
and higher institutions in 1950. Over 276,000 students received scholarships in
1950, as compared to 212,000 students in 1949, this representing a 30 percent in-
crease. The number of students living in boarding schools and student houses
was 57 percent higher than in 1949.
More than 60 million books and pamphlets were printed, 7 million of these
in the languages of the minority nationalities in Rumania. The number of news-
papers published reached 564 million in 1950, as compared to 510 million in 1949.
Over 1,600 cultural centers were set up in 1950 and the number of books in
public libraries was increased by 1.5 million. New radio broadcasting stations
were organized and 44 new radiofication centers, with a total of 16,000 loud-
speakers, were set up in workers' centers.
A special studio was set up for dubbing Rumanian language in foreign-made
motion pictures.
In the realm of sports, a leading winter sports center was set up at Poiana
Stalin and a large indoor sports arena was constructed in Bucharest.
Over 1.6 billion lei of investment funds were spent for improvements in the
field of medicine and public health, especially in workers' centers. To minim-
ize infant mortality, 185 maternity homes and 180 special dispensaries were
built. The number of beds used for maternity cases increased by 1,800. As a'
result, infant mortality dropped to 11 percent, as compared to 13.5 percent in
1949 and 19-20 percent in 1938. The network of antitubercular dispensaries and
sanatoriums was also expanded.
Simultaneously with the improvement of medical facilities, the number of
hospital beds increased by 3,400, and the number of clinics for'ambulatory
patients was augmented by. 6o0.
Investments and Construction
The 1950 investment plan for central funds was fulfilled 105 percent. In-
vestments reached a total of 153 billion lei, or 39 percent more than in 1949.
In addition to the above, the funds of the General Confederation of labor,
State Insurance Organization, and of people's councils contributed an additional
8.4 billion lei in investments. Thus, the over-all volume of investments fi-
nanced by state funds reached 161 billion lei in 1950.
These investments were used in building numerous enterprises which are to
be completed during the term of the Five-Year Plan, in developing or re-equip-
ping existing enterprises, and in completing the following new enterprises; the
Ovidiu I Electric Power Station and the Crainicel-Valiug Electric Power Station,
with a combined installed power of 11,300 kilowatts; the high-tension electric
power lines from Galati to Braila and from Cluj to Cimpia Turzii; petroleum-re-
fining installations; the gas pipeline from Saros to Ghimbav; one reconstructed
blast furnance and 4 new Siemens Martin furnaces; a metal-smelting and laminat-
ing plant at Cimpia Turzii; a flotation plant for nonferrous metals; a roller-
bearing plant; the Rasnov Tool Factory; the Victoria Machine Tool Factory in
Arad; two installations for producing electrolytic caustic soda; a phenol and
synthetic resin plant; a sodium bichromate plant; a cement plant; 26,500
spindles for four spinning mills; six lumber mills; three tomato-paste fac-
tories; one fruit-processing plant; one tobacco-aginL plant; three refrigera-
tion units with a combined capacity of 2,400 tons; silos and grain warehouses
with a combined capacity of 160,000 tons; a railroad line from Piatra Neamt
to Pangarati; and the Argis River dam for supplying Bucharest with water.
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With the aid of Soviet equipment sent to the Danube-Black Sea Canal, the
degree of mechanization of excavation work reached more than 60 percent by
December 1950.
Construction wo
k
r
in 1950 amounted to 62 billion lei, which represented
4o percent of the total investments. The remaining 60 percent was used to pay
for equipment, installations, assembly, and transportation facilities, etc.
As compared to 1949, the 1950 volume of construction amounted to 147 per-
cent. Despite the fact that the Ministry of Construction fulfilled its 1950
building plan, and despite the fact that the volume of building done in 1950
was 60 percent greater than in 1949, still some phases of the construction
plan for 1950 were not fulfilled because of delays in some actual construction.
The work of preparing building sites for construction and the work of con-
struction planning were both carried out more successfully in 1950 than in 1949,
but delays in construction planning still occured often in 1950, so that some
projects were not completed at all or were completed late. Despite these de-
lays, the quarterly progress of the construction and investment plan for 1950
was much better than in 1949. The 1950 building costs were 12 percent lower
than in 1949.
The fulfillment and overfulfillment of the 1950 State Plan laid a strong
foundation for the fulfillment of the State Plan for the year 1951, which is
the first year of the Five-Year Plan.
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