RECENT USSR DEVELOPMENTS IN THE FIELD OF PROTEIN CHEMISTRY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700250001-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 10
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 8, 2011
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: February 3, 1956
• Content Type: REPORT

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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY REPORT
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS CD NO.
bUCJLUI 3cienti-'c - .:.i:;t.rz; blolc
ol. cn.vpot;n'ls, radiation
HOW = l`?r t DATE DIST. 3 F e6 1956
PUBLISHED
DATE
PUBLISHED 1?j;0-ty>
[:o'rr:ront: :ork on atr,::ic enor,:~? toe haft a considerable influence on
ac-n1. U--'R research ieolin_ altl: protc na. Fi. st, Lhe availability of .ad.io-
acti-re ir:otopes has cn::bleri ['3.3r; invca'. ,ators to unc nearer an,!. more Precise
for be incest:-:ction of tae behavior an-i biolo;,ir11 ..,:nthesis of
rot. ns Inicr nor;,::1 :.rti r,rtt;olo al. coniitiona. focondly,rradiation der:la,le
i. 1fe~?.., Lta ti:..r:.e _ Otc' ito of body na:i apparc..C1:, been eub,`ectel to
on. -o c.pl.._.- . lrotc:.t ,r1'1'er~.... Little apparent
o:r_1. in,:'r; is inflict_'. i;: -_to in = cu5e of
111"n t:i:c:;:? '.,eic,t ' r - - low Li::; _'?;olutionro' scale, an
,_'::.pt ltn.. been c.:'ic' to it tunetIa:tr_1 effo,Li of proteins anti clan.;as in
Lit-tae functional effccl.a ?:0,'_v. ? .cllor: of Obviously,
c_ e to .. ,in 1.c t:::ct'on-.1 coop ei io a c'el::t v'ely :1.l nuo:ber of func-
oval c-out r e; 1'_cl both eentr:lll:' ant locally on a complex
or ara: '.-it.i: i.nt r.i 't>:::: r: '.lnc i - ?o ti;,:n on n :,ar?i pri::.itive and less
v t l-....u... c_ e-r and other
.,..ioi. 1- 2 r.;Or: _ _ :.ham _;-at :C.:x?c to .,.a-:":>;;?ciryl rouna
on o. Of ct:alltea in
oupc au'. _n Lia o:.in ul efl'_c t of raiion or
z; cn. 11
t.. _.ton- t'.te?sc r:ol bye;: obt_.Lr'.c:i, because Lcniizin._ radiation
~?:cn ;:cr_ ::~_: "~.. ::_:.:.:,:: "c roues by cousin;; denaturation active :.ulfttll: iryl groups which
._re ox fatetion?.1 ..11.1.;::.nee : :.rl::ot.u-toI. inter '61,e circumstances there
i:, . tonIan'? ;... o ._c:elort nov ecic_ e',.._lc,, bior_Ir;sbca, and
i o1 r r. oL group and, by ink
core :.r.L:VC :1.1 less e.e':ive
CLASSIFICATION
STATE NAVY I___l NGaJ _
ARMI I IAIR I I-FI I -_i_
-r?i_ -L
DISTRIBUTION
I I I I i t
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In addition to the vrork on such metluds outlined halos, research by
A. I. Smirnova-Zomkova on the so-called "argyrol,hilfc substance," which in this
investigator's opinion is identical with the aces total of
active sulfh'dryl
groups present in proteins, may be cientionect a r.n example (a11. S. Koshtoyants,
"Sulfhvdryl Compounds in Theory and Practice," I?;e(iitsinskiy Rabotnik, Vol 18,
No 85, l October 1955). Besides contributing to a better u~nr.erstanding of
radiation effects, work :long these lines has also I';:rnishe ii a that
a bearing, on the interdependence between the action of acetylcholine aslravnerve
mediator and tilt availability of lice and active sulficy-dryl groups.
Since the full syivliome of radiation injury cannot be assumed to result
solely from the actioli of toxic substances Lanced in the process of denaturation
of uody proteins, local ,7?,, e e to tissue pro'?cins must play a role in the
development of this syndrome in addition `,o central effects (see Frank's discus-
sion of the sc'LJ et in ?I,_. tc t u_ he cerport
)? Dal*,a_~e to the active groups of
anzy;nes may take place and cause serious in;jur?r, because the total mass of
proteins is assn. ed to possess enz?,rrnatic activity (see Oparin's statement to
!.hat effect and the :account of Er c'1'tr:rdt's work in the text of the report).
Results of the t?,ipe sent,ioned and rcasoni.n;; ales, these lines have induced
USSR investigators to pay increased atten'ion to damage inflicted by radiation
on the polynt:cleic ;.obi rcoiet'' of nuclcnro,.u;.ns and to inactivation of prosthetic
riroups o? enzy e7 . . , 1. ;.. _ ? oar. ox o:: a rc
=p to gia,; doses of radiation.
To counteract: the inact,; :ition of enzyz.:es, vitamins capable of restoring
the prosthetic groups can be applied. gone vitamins may exert a direct
chc:aical effect on proteins in vitro and thus protect Lhem a',ainst damage caused
by radiation (ace toarir.,'s statement to that effect in the text of the report).
i'- It is nseiivi~os aelfl dry1
;' groups, the activity
of Ann', which depends on the presence of suli'i ciryl ;,coups, will also be im-
paired. Under the c rctrnstences, it ought to be possible to restore the function
lost because of partial inactivation of stlcg'ci .l groups by treating the tissue
with ATF, particalacly if s_:::ul.,:neous reel=.ce:..eat of sulfi17' ur l
J groups by adding
thiol co:.ueouncic such i s seine is also cttc..pc .t. Experiments along this line
have cictuully been mimic/! oat by . worker:; in tile case of partially denatured
.eclat yosin (i'a~ D. "J:ii by . ivano?: ....?:1 cc. motehinnt Ii.o
Actordlog to experiments sandal cut h, V. AA. lingel'uardt and members
of' his group in the Laboratory of isio:ale:~iiatrr, 1lgsiolo,ical Institute imeni
1. P. Pavlov, Acade:c1, of ;;cicrcecc LG;R, yo'cin solutions, on being photo-
sensitized by means of metiylene b'l'ue an:-, exr.o:;c,l to the action of light, undergo
shames uilich lrint about an incre' s it .'scecil;. Viii Li.en of ATP reduces the
viscosity, restorim, it co the original In "inc of the fact that no
increase of viscosity .kcs place i. c .1:c 5;cnc - o ox n, h} ,,el'gardt inter-
prets his resul by assumin .. u tuou c _on or lijit and of oxidation
agents i::raai "cc cc:r'.e;n c:ctivc ;,roans 0" .e cc ar'i'l possibly the sulfhydryl
groups, with .ne result that ',he sepals t;;? of ::1;osin to combine wale itself,
AL'S as it combi n_r i.1i etc cc, s ,!?c.(:_ .: 1. , -
?? ' ? ;1'. she sL.e time, the adenos-
nc r.phpsphata e cctitii: o ill's e ; 1 cutcede :1idition of A'f^ reverses
the charges pro 's e : L t.,.. .izc ,,::i _? lon (V. A. idcgel'gerdt,
Tl. S. Derr nov ;k :"rr, T. 'vak to r r h Phct o c
s 1tizin; Action of ethylene
Blue on c; esin," ilokla,l Arc: "cl- 5, 11 laic 1950,
pp 923-926).
en's:ardt'a InvesLi -shoo is cccl 'chile :-:seance of rather extensive
research done by tiSR workers on the iitoracti;.:n bct??%ecu ix osin, An', dyestuffs,
and light. At a later stage of work oil thIs oub?act extending over the period
1950-1951i, no connection baleen sulfip?.ic l iouis and the mochunism of photo-
oxidation could be found! (cf. Jtuccy of icvf ,, m)sic:::istry, P..;I Report T!o 5/55,
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of raiii :tion in. ries is not mentioned explic , tl'r in L .11y ctatcn;ent prude by the il- 11111-- I'll -. N1UC11Ur11[;m
USSR investi?utors result:: in ::orl: o. ? in ' ind in
eb r ! this enerul
field have a r;irect bearin- on tire action or noon-r-at_n' (ionizinG) radiation
on body tissues.
iiur,:bers in enthesoc
P'_z ..~_ to o.ppc.:.: sources.j
C;cner?al Aspects of i,ese:_rcn on -'roterx;
Secant prr,;r_ss .u,; current trends jr! US,-P.
resear~i: on protein chemistry
were outlined as follows b? Gr ;;hovieir crobsegcently to Late ?th All-Union
Confress of' FI-? iolori:nto, 1.'iocho;:;rsts, and ih._rmecoloJsts, which was held in
the first p_rr, o'
He ..fated that 0-tho1.;--ir a considerable amour i. of work has been done on
proteins and protein important u,G;
g ions such as the exact manner
in which proteins synthesized in tire body ;_tnd un ier: o oetobolic trnsforma-
tion thorn i::_ve not been clurifiei as yet. ,,hile some scientists assume that
inclusion of inci+;i 0.a1 r-vino aci;is takes place only in the process of neoforna-
tion of prat -in moleculcs, ci ?;er e r _ - U,?^1 amino acids may be
torten up or of i r- C~si rr .p_n aptly, ..__,rir the co:mos_tion of Inc protein
molecule:, eons.ant. !:?? ?-c e -,
An extreme view is held 1:,r A. S. I:orriko'.:a, ., .. i:ritsmsn, and ; members of
their ;;coup, who income than even isolated, e c proteins are capable of restoring
their amino acid composition, .e., to-f t!:es~ proteins possess properties of
livin? matter. ?nonikova et e1. arrive:'_ r_.. }:: .. conclusion on the basis of the
observation that amino acids conLa_inin - ;.Neer ..tons remlily form compounds with
proteins. They disre~;arde-L h:: fact th:a prr.....ins form complexes with a Great
ntmrbcr of their ~LLaLL:nccr ar:d Lira ro: -;- ion _f:ese complexes has nothing
to do vi Li, the ;?nti'esie of proteins or I'ruir? m otorntion in tire body.
irrpo L : nt on .c , p of acids b.? rvt~. ?01. opC.!des in , :ro
0- 5 c pl 1 o :: c ore G p ul er .0-: - ' r?,hesi se't,
e Poly, -i at i arc i + p p 1 le - i'.1 ei .L of`lj 000) noiylysine
{
p e pace, : 1 " oic o' 0u 1 found possible to com-
bine a protein cnzycoe c alt .,, o _ n In ,::'r oorus of tlycin_ molecules
without 1i::; Iiola'i.l::,t
The polypeptiues u'nii: h_v_ beer: :.._ Lionel -.re readily ;pl.ii: by enzymes.
The X-ray o.nnr.ysis of them polyprotI co ( e.;;., olycianine one polyphenyl-
alunine) lure :ler:onstratc i that tire" :r?c in structure to some proteins.
It follow n from that - ?e-n ; ono rep fr?on: rtnino acids or their
leriv~tives c-in_ot Le ,._..r ,,..o:. c- r_.ca1 -ccLiviLy.
It was shown in ?10.:111 of _scr:teu :L tire conf'lees (those
by V. A. n 1' act' , i is tti f- ?nshteyn_,
S. Ya. 1 p1 nsk /, ar "n 1:.1 to Lire vital activity of li;cin- substance
does not co:cc into r1' n _ col?.rh Thor o ... ._ . ,,.r;:1 proteins, but: in complex
-stems which contain plotuir.a r' ..::u other sulutances besides.
Experiments con ;acted by N. 67. filar: r,rr.n and F. B. iCresin -'.cmonstratel in
particularly striki! ;.unne_ the, tL?._ b :_ ,?nt,i can of proLeirc. takes place
in dofirrite d
atruetin'ml elements of 'he cs11 ._, rt, :1ic2'oso:nee, ;nitocironuria,
and ply:atir3. nl: nn. ,.rmm?: ,t t? __ _
nvcly- Liu:; uio-
synthcsis. sir s pa t l tf a fir secre'?'ery pules of p ncrc::s cells are
capable of ?;nthesizinj proteins, outside of the organism.
Tn order' placa, the roe.t contain substances
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that are furrne.i by mitochondria Cr; the p,?esence of adenosine triphosphoric
acid and some o,.te. substances. K?l
i+e ^ i,
d
..
o
omonstra,;ed thst in liver cells
special granules are 'c-end, the principal function of which is the synthesis
of proteins.
V. A. r_'lrgel' jrrdt ercpnasized in his report that
developed on the Lhe ideas which have hero
,..-.-_ .. - _
en
m
zy
es ylesUppeme t11_:1, the enz
clients of a m s are present erel. as ng
ecf:laical mixture,but as components nothecctional merely as ire-
formration of which of het? subs sysl-ems in the
t:_::cee besides proteins ..ke part.
The problem of tic- restoration or re e-rer,:lion of proteins in the bewhich has already ::ec!1 r..errtioned loaned t!': c ; ect of an extensi
e
discussion at the cor.,,ress, if car: a:;rirto acid contasupii;n, radioactive carbon as
a tracer in intro:iuce:i into the cat, , tl - amine :rain which has bee;:
Litis manlier can soon be forces: yall c4 in
co:aponerrt pa- 1. in fire proteins or
11j
tissues of the bogy.
This lea. US ant-sti;'::tars to ti;.: ccnc.ius.i..,n -hat proteins are restored by
the elimination and sutscgnent incll_siou of individual mnino acids without prior
decomposition an.i rr,ler.;ci for:-ration of the protein molecules. Some USSR scientists
also a-'t e to tt F",Lf:t .f
obt_inr r~. whiCil have been
u uIe .:e ussnmptaon that there can be any restoration
of proteins withoutdecomposit._on and resynthesis.
Such data h::ve been obtainer. in par?ticuiar -oy corkers at the Institute of
Biological and ?,ociical tireuiserp, Ac:,:.;c.y
o, i.e:icei Sciences USSR. They
found that when amino s labeled ::itil rad.ioacu;ve carbon and radioactive sulfur
are introduced into a fe:'t.ilized chicken':; eCL], and the et- is then incubated,
only the embryo acquires ra:iio: