DEVELOPMENT OF THE MTS IN HUNGARY, 1954

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700240072-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 7
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 12, 2011
• Sequence Number: 72
• Publication Date: October 3, 1955
• Content Type: REPORT

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STAT
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DEVELOPMENT OF THE MTS IN HUNGARY, 1954
Statisztikai Tajekoztato, No 4
Budapest, 9_5T -
Equipment
Since 1949, 143 new MPS have been established in Hungary and the number
of tractors in MPS has increased greatly. The following table shows the num-
ber of MPS and tractors during the period 1949-1954:
Year
No of MPS
No of T
t
rac
ors
Tractors per MTS
1949
221
3,455
16
1950
361
6,681
19
1951
368
8,794
24
1952
364
9,723
27
1953
364
10,661
29
1954
364
11,298
31
MPS were established primarily in localities where they would promote the
development of the producer cooperative movement.
From 1951 to 1953, the manufacture of tractors declined steadily, but in
the first half of 1954 the MPS received more new tractors than in 1952 and 1953
combined. Since the MPS had been receiving fewer new machines and their stock
was being increased through the purchase of old machines from private farms, the
quality of the tractor stock had degenerated and did not improve till the last
half of 1953 and the first half of 1954, when new tractors were purchased.
The following table shows the percentage increase in the number of new
tractors in MPS during each year from 1950 to 1954:
The following table shows a breakdown of tractors, by capability, in per-
cent of total MIS tractor stock:
Date
Tractors Capa-
ble of Drawing
Plows (%)
Tractors Usable Only
as Driving Power (~)
31 Dec 52
84
6
30 Jun 53
.
73
7
15.4
31 Dec 53
.
76
5
26.3
30 Jun 54
.
23.5
77 .9
22.1
Increase in
New Tractors
1950
83.4
1951
29.1
1952
5.4
1953
2.2
1954
7.2
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The greater part of the MPS stock consisted of the wrong type of tractors.
Most of them were R and G-30 and G-35 wheeled tractors. At the end of 1953,
crawler tractors constituted less than one percent of the MPS tractor stock.
There had also been a shortage of all-purpose tractors for the cultivation
of crops; however, the supply nearly doubled between July 1953 and June 1954.
The following table shows the number of all-purpose tractors and the average
producer cooperative area cultivated by one such tractor, in cadastral yokes
[one cadastral yoke equals 1.42 acres]:
Period
No of All-Purpose T
t
rac
ors
Average Area Cultivated
1 Jul-31 Dec 52
174
1 Jan-30 Jun 53
26
7
1
1,885
1 Jul-31 Dec 53
2,032
1 Jan-30 Jun 4
5
647
6oi
1
1,250
448
Since 1950, there has also been an increase in the stock of MPS tractor-
drawn plows, harvesters, and threshers. The total number for 1949-1953 is
shown in the following table:
Year
Tractor-Drawn plow
s
Harvesters
Threshers
1949
3,917
1950
--
1,311
1951
384
3
175
1952
8,816
992
,
6
31
1953
9,268
1,593
,
5
10
353
10,238
2,066
,
10,615
There was a great lag in the manufacture of potato- and beet-planting ma-
chines. On 31 December 1953, there were only 43 Potato-planting machines.
Also, there was and still is a shortage of machinery for harvesting pota-
toes, sugar beets, corn, and sunflower seed. On 31 December 1953, there was a
total of 32 potato- and 7 beet-harvesters.
Work Performance
Between 1950 and 1953, the work performed by the MPS for the working
peasants more than doubled, and the average work performance per tractor in-
creased from 614 to 869 normal [sic] yokes. The following table shows the
work performed by the MIS in normal yokes:
Year
Total MPS Work
Total T
t
rac
or Work
Tractor Field Work
1950
3,449
4
792
3,376
2,659
1952
,
1
4,712
3
395
19
5,
97
5,005
,
548
3
53
7,922
7,562
,
5,282
The field work of the tractors includes increasing amounts of plowing and
sowing, although the amount of deep plowing performed has increased only
slightly. In 1953, tractors performed deep plowing on less than half the un-
sowed land of the producer cooperatives and on a mere 2.4 percent of the land
of the independent peasants.
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Producer
Year Cooperatives
The following table shows the amount of plowing and sowing performer by the
MTS, in normal yokes:
Year Total Plowing Deep Plowing
Sowing
1950 1,984
1951 2,662 1,089 914 86
1952 2,656 1,019 116
1953 3,991 1,147 130
243
In 1950, the MTS worked mainly for the independent peasants, but this
situation changed so radically that by 1952 only 1.3 percent of MIS field
work was performed for independent peasants.
The following table shows the allocation of MTS field work, in percent
of total field work performed:
1950 42.4
1951 62.9
1952 77.7 _
1953 76.3
1954 (1 Jan- 56.8
30 Jun)
Independent
Peasants
State Farms, Enter-
prises, Communities
51.0
6.6
20.7
16.4
1.3
21.0
6.5
17.2
21.5
21.7
An effort is being made to adjust the work of the MTS in such a way that
a smaller proportion of it will be allocated to the state farms and enterprises.
Because the MTS have so few all-purpose tractors and other special ma-
chinery, they can perform only a small percentage of the requisite hoeing.
The following table shows the amount of hoeing performed by the MTS
for producer cooperatives, in percent of total hoeing required:
Year MTS Hoeing ()
1951 0.2
1952 4.9
1953 7.7
Since 1950, ie MIS have achieved their best results in harvesting. By
the summer of 1954, tie MPS harvested with combines or harvesters nearly 40
percent of the grain fields of the producer cooperatives. Harvesting in the
producer cooperatives is nearly 50 percent mechanized.
However, the MTS harvested only 1.9 percent of the potato and sugar beet
crops in 1953.
Manpower
Although the total number of MTS personnel has increased steadily since
1950, there was a drop in the number of tractor drivers in the first 6 months
of 1954. Using 1950 as the base year (1950 equals 100), the number of MTS
personnel has been as follows:
STAT
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Year
Total
Workers
Tractor
Drivers
Total
Em
lo
Total
p
yees
Technicians
Personnel
1951
1952
160.7
136.7
222.4
137.8
169.1
1953
157.0
151.4
294.1
252.6
175.8
1954
1 J
(
173.5
189.5
266.7
237.4
186.3
3
un)
190.5
180.3
323.8
312.6
208.8
After 1951, there was a gradual increase in the number and proportion of
technical employees. In 1952, many technicians joined the MPS; discipline im-
proved, especially when agronomists whose function is to direct the work done
for producer cooperatives were also assigned to the MIS.
The following table shows the number of MPS employees per thousand MPS
workers:
Year
Total Employees
1951
220
1952
298
80
4
1953
1954 (30 Jun)
244
1
9
127
270
152
The training of MPS technicians has been inadequate. As recently as De-
cember 1953, many directors and chief engineers lacked higher education. The
following table shows a breakdown, by training, of Leading MPS personnel as
of December 1953, in percent of total employees in each supervisory category:
(Table follows on next page)
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Title
MPS Directors
Chief Engineers
Chief Agronomists
Chief Mechanics
District Agronomists
District Mechanics
Graduate
Engineers
Other College
and University
Graduates
Secondary
Trade School
Graduates
Graduates of
MPS Training Trained
Courses Mechanics
35.7
1.1
46.8
4.6
13.6
--
33.8
25.1
--
2.0
6.7
7.2 3.9
13.6 15.9
36.6 4.5
27.5 2.2
34.9 9.6
38.0 8.2
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Other Trained Untrained
Personnel Personnel
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As a result of the 1954 change in government policy, better trained per-
sonnel came to the MTS. By September 1954, 1,500 skilled workers, 150 engi-
neers and technicians, and nearly 2,000 agricultural experts joined the MTS.
Although these persons improved the performance of the MTS, there is con-
tinued need for trained personnel in this field.
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