DATA ON USSR CHEMICAL AND MEDICAL INDUSTRIES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700200108-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 24
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 31, 2011
• Sequence Number: 108
• Publication Date: September 22, 1954
• Content Type: REPORT

Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/31 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700200108-8
CLASSIFICATION C-o-N-F: I-D-E dJ-T-I-A-L
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
REPOR
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RAD
COUNTRY
IO BROADCASTS CD NO.
ussR
--
SUBJECT
HOW
Economic ~ DATE OF
- Industry, chemicals, fertilizers, INFORMATION
rubber
1951-19;
PUBLISHED
Daily newspapers,
periodicals, book " DATE DIST. ~
~~-
Sep 1954
WHERE
PUBLISHED
DATE
USSR
N0. OF PAGES
23
PUBLISHED
1951-Apr 1954
LANGUAGE
Russian
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT N0.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
DATA ON USSR CHEMICAL AND MEDICAL IPR)USTRIES
[Comment: This report presents production data on the USSR
chemical and medical industries, taken from Soviet sources
from 1951 to April 1954.
published
General production data, followed by information on specific
plants,;:is given for the following branches of the chemical industry:
acids, ammonia, carbide, dyestuffs, fertilizers, insecticides
and lacquers, plastics, rubber products, and soda.
the medical industr , paints
Y, including production of Information on
presented in a separate section at the end of thismreportcals, is
Numbers in parentheses refer to appended sources.)
The enterprises of the N?.inistry of Chemical Industr
1953 plan for gross pi?oducti(n)by 102 percent. 1
the chemical output of 1940. 2 Y USSR fulfilled the,
( ) This represents three times
The 1953 output plan of the chemical industry for consumer
filled 100.1 percent.(1)
goods was ful-
In the chemical industry of the Ukrainian SSR the plan for
tion in 1953 was fulfilled 103 percent.(j)
gross produc-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/31 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700200108-8
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/31 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700200108-8
the productionlof sulfuricpacidswas increased by 17etimes overultion, in 1940
9 3.(4)
The chemical industry of the Kazakh SSR hae pledged to increase its pro-
duction of sulfuric acid by 9-10 times in 1955 in comparison with 1950.(5)
Riga Superphosphate Plant
The Riga plant is supplying the Klaypeda Superphosphate Plant with
sulfuric acid.(6)
Voskreaensk Chemical Combine
As the basic raw material for its production of mineral fertilizer,
the Voskresensk Chemical Combine is using sulfuric acid which is obtained from
pyrites. During the roasting of the pyrites usually up to 2.2 percent sulfur
is left in the tailings of the production. The senior furnace man at the com-
bine, Krivosheykin, has worked out a more rational system of servicing the
furnace and has succeeded in lor.ering the content of sulfur in the tailings to
1.6 percent. As a result, the pyrites saved have increased the output of sul-
furic acid.(7)
In 1953, the Ministry of Chemical Industry USSR fulfilled the output plan
for ammonia by 101.5 percent.(1)
Stalinogorsk Chemical Combine imeni Stalin
The acceleration of technological processes has resulted in a signifi-
cant increase in outpi,t in existing production areas. The output of ammonia
for the period 1951-1953 was increased by 1.5 times without expanding the pro-
duction area.(8)
In 1953, the production of ammonia was increased by 56.4 percent over
1950. .Asa result of improving the flow plans at the plant, the output of am-
monia was to be increased by 7 percent [in 1954?].(g)
Kirovakan Chemical Combine
Recently the enterprise shipped a large amount of high-quality carbide
to the builders of the Stalingrad Hydroelectric Power Station. Earlier, a
large consignment of high-grade carbide was shipped to the construction site
of the Kakhovskaya Hydroelectric Power Station. Every day the carbide workers
are exceeding their production quotas 10-15 percent.(10)
P. Oganyan, chief of the combine's carbide shop, announced that the
output of carbide during the first 10 months of 1953 had doubled in comparison
with the same period of 1952.(11)
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/31 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700200108-8
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/31 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700200108-8
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
Yerevan Carbide Plant
During August and September 1953, the plant increased its output by
40-50 percent over the corresponding period in 1952.(12) For the first 15
days of March 1954, the carbide shop of the Yerevan plant fulfilled the plan
105.7 percent and the lime shop 105.5 percent.(13)
As of 1940, the chemical industry had increased the production of dye-
stuffs by 3.$ times in comparison with 1913.(4)
At the end of World War II, the aniline dye enterprises of the USSR were
established on a new technical base, The result was that at the beginning of
1951 the capacity for production of dyes was more than 1.5 times the prewar
capacity, and the number of active enterprises of the aniline dye industry
had.'been doubled in comparison with the prewar number.
During 1953, the volume of dye production was to amount to 174 percent of
the prewar level and 126 percent of the 1950 level. The volume of production
of vat dyes has been increased as of 1953 by six times compared with the pre-
war volume and of so-called "cold dyes" (kholodinaya krasitel') during this
same period by 15 times. The variety of dyes has been extended; the number
of types of dyes in 1953 is 70 percent above the number available in 1940.
Asa result of these and other measures, it may be possible for the ani-
line dye plants of the Ministry of Chemical Industry to deliver for the period
October-December 1953 an additional 200 tons of dyes required by light indus-
try. In addition, it may be possible to increase in 1954 the output of high-
quality vat dyes, semifinished products for "cold" dyeing, and acid and mordant
dyes for woolen fabrics by 2,200 tons, and to increase the variety of valuable
dyes by 27 types.(14)
' During the last few years, Soviet chemists have perfected the technology
for obtaining new vat dyes of all colors which are many times more permanent
than the fabric itself. To these belong the following; Vat Blue 0, Vat Azure
K, Vat Bright Violet K, Vat Bright Green S, Vat Bright Orange KKh, Vat Golden
Yellow ZhKh, and others.(15)
Moscow Derbenevskiy Chemical Plant imeni Stalin
its assortmentlofldyeseforgtheewools silk,ocotton,gandsleatherashoeaindustries.
The plant has increased the .production of dyestuffs which will not fade when
subjected to light or when washed in leaching agents. The Derbenevskiy Plant
fulfilled the plan for 1953 on 21 December.(16)
For 1954, the workers of the Derbenevskiy Chemical Plant have pledged
the following;
To increase production per square meter of production area by 15 per-
cent in comparison with 1953 and to produce 300 tons of dyes above plan in
1954, including 50 tons by above-plan saving of raw materials and semifinished
products;
To expand the variety of dyes to 171 types in comparison with 145 va-
rieties produced in 1953;
To increase the output of ayes for home dyeing of fabrics by 40 per-
cent in comparison with 1953?(17)
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/31 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700200108-8
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/31 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700200108-8
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
Moscow Dorogomilovskiy Chemical Plant imeni Df. V. Frunze
The plant laboratory has perfected new types of dyes. Great inter-
est has been created by a sulfur olive dye used for cotton cloth. Laboratory
tests have shown. it to be a very stable color. Cloth dyed with it has a soft
tint.
Dyes are not the plant's only type of production. The shops of the
plant also produce auxiliary materials, such as fixing agents which help make
color in cloth more permanent. One such fixing agent is "Ustoychivyy N" (sta-
ble N): It is used for various types of fabric and increases the stability of
the cloth's coloration many times over.(18)
Rubezhnoye Chemical Combine
The addition of equipment to the combine is expected to result in an
increase of 62 tons in 1954 in the processing of four types of vat dyes and to
permit the introduction of several types of new,.highly stable dyes.(14)
Dyestuffs of improved quality, which dissolve easily in water, have
been developed at the combine. This has made it possible to dye .any fabric
easily, including silks and wools.
It is reported [source cites Voroshilovgradakaya Pravda) that during
7 months of 1953 the combine increased its gross production of dyestuffs and
intermediate products 18 percent above the same period of 1952. The variety
of products has been supplemented by such dyestuffs as vat red, vat pure blue,
vat bright green, indigo sol bright rose, and others.
During 1953, the combine mastered the production of ten new dyestuffs.
In comparison with 1950, the production of azoamino dye has increased 235 per-
cent, asotol dyes 228 percent, and vat dyes 214 percent.(19)
Fertilizer
As a result of changes in the chemical industry, superphosphate production
in 194G vas 66 times that of 1913. According to the directives of the 19th
Party Congress it is planned to achieve during the Fifth Five-Year Plan nn in-
crease in mineral fertilizers of 88 percent over the amount produced during the
Fourth Five-Year Plan.(4)
Prior to World War II, the quantity of mineral fertilizer.produced in the
USSR surpassed the prerevolutionary level by almost 5 times.(20) The chemical
industry at the end of the first postwar Five-Year Plan considerably exceeded
the prewar level for production of mineral fertilizers. In 1950, the output
in comparison with 1940 had been increased 2.2 times for nitrogenous fertilizer,
1.9 times for phosphate, and 1.4 times for potash. It is now possible for the
USSR to produce fertilizer in sufficient quantity for cotton, sugar beets, tea,
and several other crops. Rowever, an adequate level of production of ferti-
lizers for food and fodder crops has not yet been assured.
? In 1953, the USSR chemical industry supplied the country with 6 million
tons of fertilizer.(21) The 1953 output plan for mineral fertilizer was ful-
filled 101.9 percent. In 1953, the plan for production and increased output
in comparison with 1952 was exceeded by 9 percent.(1)
The September Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU has obliged the
Ministries of Chemical Industry and bfetallurgical Industry to increase the pro-
duction of mineral fertilizer to 16.5-17.5 million tons by 1959 and to 28-30
million tons by 1964.(22)
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/31 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700200108-8
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/31 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700200108-8
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-p _L
should be brought u-..r~~ ~" Lne usSR of superphosphate in granulated forms
tion of regular-t p to 45 percent and in 1958 up to 60 percent of the produc-
ype superphosphate. Ammonium nitrate for agricultural pur-
poses should be produced only in granulated form.(20) In 1953, plants of the
USSR were to produce 2.3 times as much superphosphate as in 1940 and 3.3 times
as much ammonium nitrate; 400,000 tons more superphosphate of the granulated
variety was to be produced.(23)
The quantity of fertilizer which the USSR will have in 1964 will amount
to'half the total mineral fertilizer production of the world. This means that
every 2 years there will have to be constructed and
USSR mineral fertilizer enterprises of the same approximateocaperation in the
which were put into operation during all of the prewar Five-YearcPianastakene
together.(24) This will also require improved output at existing plants. In
particular, it is necessary to complete the construction of the Rustavi Nitro-
genous Fertilizer Plant in order that the production of this enterprise may be
used in the fields of Georgia.(25)
New plants will be built in the central regions of the European part of
the USSR, the Ukrainian SSR, the Belorussian SSR, the republics of Central Asia,
the Transcaucasus, the Baltic area, and western and eastern Siberia.(20)
The chemical industry will put out the following new types of neutral and
alkali fertilizers heretofore not used in the USSR: calcium-ammonium nitrate,
granulated nitrogenous fertilizers which will be distinctly superior to regular
ammonium nitrate; potassium nitrate, an alkaline nitrogenous fertilizer which
is'more:adaptable for use with wheat, flax, vegetables
other crops; and fused magnesia phosphate, an alY.aline~nitrogenousrfertilizer
which reduces the harmful acidity of the soil and also supplies the crops with
magnesium,rthe need far which .is especially great in normal and highly sandy
soils.
Concentrated fertilizers, such as ammofos (an ammonium phosphate ferti-
lizer), double superphosphate, and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate will also be
produced.:
The basic type of calcium fertilizer in the USSR is calcium chloride. It
cropshwhichiareehighly sensitive toechlorineR t~ec~lture. But for individual
satisPa?tory;. Therefore, for crops such as citrus, toba~cofeandltea, thenpro-
dnctlon of. chlorine-free types of calcium fertilizers, such as potassium sul-
fate and potassium=magnesium sulfate, has been organized.(22) This work has
been carried out by a group of workers at the Institute of General and Inor-
ganic Chemistry imeni N. S. Kurnakov, Academy of S-fences USSR. The fertilizer
comes'ip the form of crystals which contain nitrogen, phosphorus, and potas-
sium.:.The quantity of nutritious substances contained in it amounts to 77
percent,?which is a significant increase compared with all other types of con-
centrated PertPlizers known heretofore.(26)
In order to lower transport costs, the chemical industry will develop the
production of concentrated fertilizers. The basic phosphate fertilizer, super_
phosphate, contains 19-20 percent P205. Concentrated, so-called "double" su-
perphosphate is 45-4G percent P205. Another kind of concentrated.phosphate
fertilizer-precipitate contains 32_44 percent P205. Concentrated phosphoro-
nitYogenous fertilizer (ammofos) is 45-52 percent P205 and 12-15 percent NH
During the first quarter of 1 4 3 ~4)
duce for a 95 , the USSR chemical industry was to pro-
griculture more than 1.7 million tons of mineral fertilizers, and
ship up to 850 carloads daily to kolkhozes and sovkhozes. In spite of its
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
~_.. ~
r
_. ~ - - - --
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/31 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700200108-8
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/31: CIA-
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
importance, this task has been unsatisfactorily carried out since the begin-
ning of the year. ps of January, full consignments of nitrogen fertilizers
had not been received by the Krasnodar Kray, the Azerbaydzhan SSR, and the
Georgian SSR; potassium .fertilizers by the Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, and Novo-
sibirsk oblasts; and phosphorite ash by the Ukrainian SSR and Belorussian SSRs.
Serious oversights occurred 1^ determining the resources of chemical fer-
tilizer production for 1954? The Chemical Products Distribution Division Gos-
plan USSR, when planning the consignment of phosphorite ash for agricultural
area, failed to take account of the demand for it by the enterprises of the
chemical industry. To accelerate the process of preparing superphosphates, as
well as for other needs, the industry requires more than 70,000 tons of phos-
phorite ash.(27)
The production.of rough ground lime has been poorly organized, In Vladi-
mirskaya Oblast, where there is a need for 200,000 tons, five enterprises of
local and cooperative industry are annually processing a total of about 50,000
tons of rough ground lime. Its cost is unreasonably high. In other oblasts
the matter of rough ground lime production is even worse.
'The September Plenum of the Centzal Committee of the CPSU guaranteed a
significant increase, beginning i^ 1954, in the production of lime at enter-
prises of the construction materials industry, local industry, and cooperative
industries, and a lower output .cost for lime.
There is the possibility of increasing the production of rough ground
lime by the Utilization of tailings obtained from the crushing of limestone.
The tailings amount to 10 percent of the total mass of crushed materi.aL. A
third of the tailings consists of pieces of 3-7 millimeters in diameter and
16=17 percent of pieces of 1-3 millimeters in diameter. Thus, about half of
the tailings, whicl~ are less than a millimeter in diameter, may be used as
fertilizer without additional grinding. The cost of one ton of lime from tail-
ings will be 7-10 times lower than at present.,
If only a small fraction of screened tailings are utilized, then it will
be possible to obtain a large quantity of rough ground lime annually, At eight
crushed stone plants of the Ministry of Railways USSR it will be possible to
obtain 85,000 tons of rough ground lime; 25,000 tons can be obtained from the
crushed stone plants of the Ministry of Construction Materials lndusti?y USSR;
20,000 tons from the crushed stone plants of the Ministry of Motor Transport
and Highways USSR.. The Mine Administration of the Ministry of Ferrous Metal-
lurgy can yield about 300,000 tons.
Thus, these sources will be able to yield about 425,000 tons a year and
by grinding operations after screening, an additional amount can be obtained.~8)
Lime meal, consisting mainly of calcium and magnesium carbonate, has
proven very effective For the acid soil of the Kazelo-Finnish SSR, The Minis-
try of Construction Daterials Industry Karelo-Finc,lsu a~n ass requested the
government of the republic to organize the production of lime meal for the
needs of agriculture at the Letnerechenskiy Ground Lime Plant. The Council of
Ministers of the Republic has endorsed this measure and has obliged the minis-
try to process 10,000 tons of lime meal in 1954 for agricultural uses in the
republic. It would be desirable for the Ministries of Agriculture and sov-
khozes of the republic to take a more active part in this project.. Sel'khoz-
snab (Agricultural Supply Office) of the Ministry of Agriculture is scheduled
to receive during 1954 only 1,500 tons of lime meal, which is sufficient for
only 500 hectares.(29)
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/31 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700200108-8
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/31 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700200108-8 ~
C-O-R-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
Aktyubihsk~Chemical Combine
The level of production of superphoaphate at this enterprise was
doubled during 1953.('30) '
Alaverdi Chemical Plant
' The plant has significantly increased the processing of mineral fer-
tilizers. In 1954,' the increase in production of superohosphate in comparison
with 1953 will be 15.4'percent.. This will be achieved exclusively with pres-
ent~equipment and without additional capital investment.(31)
For the first half of January, the superphosphate shop of the Ala-
verdi Plant processed 110 tons of high-quality mineral fertilizer above
plan.(32)
Chirchik Electrochemical Plant
The annual plan for 1953 was fulfilled lll~percent by the Chirchik
Plant.(33)
In 1953, the ammonium nitrate shop of the plant produced 33,300 tons
of ammonium nitrate above plan.(1)
Workers of the Chirchik Electrochemical Plant undertook the task in
.1954 of,increas'ing the output of ammonia by 27 percent over the-1953 plan.(34)
DzbambauT.Superphosphate Plant
?In'1953, the plant was to.have produced 30 percent more superphos-
phate than'in 1952; .
-The plant pledged that hall' its output during the first quarter of
1954 would he fertilizer o>' the granulated vuriety.(35)
About 300'tons of crushed phosphorite ore are treated every 24 hours
:3n the superphosphate shop of the Dzhambaul plant. After processing with sul-
Yunie:,acid'solvents during the.same 24-hour period; 500 tons of i'inished fer-
t313zer are otored in the warehouses.
The plant has also mastered the production of ammofos, which is more
than'70 percent nitrogen and phasphorus.(36)
The new year was met by the plant with great successes. It completed
the annual 1953~p1an for processing fertilizer 23 days early. The amount of
auperphosphate produced above plan is sufficient for fertilizer for 35,000
hectares of'industriel crops:(37)
Dnepropetrovsk Coke Chemical Plant imeni Kalinin
Since the beginning of Atarch 1954, the. plant, which is located in the
Dnepr River area, has produced 20 tons of mineral fertilizer above plan. So
far in 1954] the plant has increased the output of this product by 22 percent
Without increasing its producing area.(3$)
' Kara-Tau Mining=phemical Combine
' Ass result of irrational, nonproductive utilization of mining equip-
ment, this combine produces a product of low quality. Because the phosphorite
meal which it produces is poor in phosphorus, the plant; of Central Asia are
compelled to bring in apatite concentrate From the Kola Peninsula.(20)
C -O-IJ-F-I-D-E-1'I-T-I -A -L
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/31 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700200108-8
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/31 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700200108-8 ~
C-O-id-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
Some criticism is deserved by the Kara-Tau Combine regarding its
shipments of phosphorite meal to the Aktyubinsk Combine. In November 1953,
for example, it failed to fulfill its shipment quota by 1,000 tons.(30)
Kemerovo Nitrogenous Fertilizer Plant
Carloads of mineral fertilizer are sent from the plant to various
parts of the couat~r _-~bthe Far East and, in Central Asis, to Altayskiy Kray
and to Novosibirskaya Oblast,(j~)
Kirovakan Chemical Combine
'The combine failed to fulfill its plan for 1953 because of a shortage
of electric power.
The combine is the only producer of cyanamide powder for use on cot-
ton crops,;(40)
Kokand Superphosphate Plant
The superphosphate shop of tt~e plant is in continuous operation. [On
the day that workers at the plant. were interviewed by a reporter from Pravda
Voatoka,:the shift operating at the time had produced 340 tans of superphos-
phate for the day. This was several tens of tons above plan.J(41)
'- Konstantinovka Chemical Plant
The Konstantinovka plsnt has been able to attain burning of only 200
kilograms of pyrites per square meter of furnace area, compared with 222 kilo-
grams for-the Voskresensk Chemical Combine, in spite of the fact that both en-
terprises,used:identical equipment.(20)
Lisichansk Chemical Plant
Although the 1953 plan for the Ministry of Chemical Industry USSR as
a whole was fulfilled, the Lisichansk Plant failed to fulfill its plan for- the
production. of nitrogenous fertilizer?.(20)
r
,~ Lopatinakiy~Phosphorite line
Extraction of phosphorite at the Lopatinskiy Kline has been increased
33 .percent over the.1940 volume.. First-class production was 12 percent above
plan.;, The Lopatinskiy Mine produced about 40,000 tons of high-grade ore above
g n in 1953, and completed the annual plan on 15 October. The,Ministry of
. Sf~mieal zndustry USSR has worked out measures whereby about 100,000 tone of
,~ :ad ibional phosphorite meal can be processed each.year from waske products.(23)
"Maerdu"-Chemical Combine (Tallin)
Tha "hfaardu" plant failed to fulfill its 1953 plnn for the production
of phosphoric mea1:(20)
Moscow Electrolysis Plant
The plan for January and February 1954 at the plant was fulfilled
106.5 percent for fertilizer. Still better results are expected in idarc; (42) '
-8-
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/31 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700200108-8
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/31 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700200108-8
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
Moscow."Kleytuk" Plant
In honor of the 36th anniversary of the October Revolution the workers
of the plant pledged to produce an above-plan 350 tons of fodder meal and 550
tone of nitrogenous fertilizers.(43)
Nevskiy Chemical Plant (Leningrad)
' During 1953, the Nevskiy plant produced more than 300,000 tons of
high-quality fertilizer for the kolkhozes of the Baltic region, the Ukrainian
SSR, and Central Asia:(44) Tens of wagons of superphosphate were shipped to
Khar'kovskaye, Kamenets-Podol'skaya, Odesskaya, Sumskaya, and other oblasts of
the Ukrainian SSR, In comparison with 1950, production of superphosphate was
increased by more than 20 percent.(45)
.Riga Superphosphate Plant
The Riga plant fulfilled its annual plan for 1953 on 14 December.(46)
During.. 1953, the^plant was to have produced four times more than in 1947.(47)
In.1954, it is planned withoLt further expansion to raise the capac-
ity ~f the enterprise still further and to increase the output of superphos-
pbate by 28 percent: To accomplish this, additional furnaces and chambers for
roasbing'sulfur will be installed in the existing producing areas: The super-
phosphate shop will increase the speed of feeding apatite meal into the cham-
ber.(46). New .and. original apparatus has been introduced into the operation of
the superphosphate chamber, the productivity of which is more than three times
that of the:fprmer chambers.(47)
? :TherR#ga?plant:supplies"fertilizer not only in Latvia,.but also in
Lithuaniay:~stonia;.a..number of roblasts of the RSFSR, and the Belorussian and
Ukrainian SSRs. During November 1953, there were shipped to the Ukrainian SSR
alone~more;~6han j00.?arloads of superphosphate.(48) From 16 to 20 bfarch 1954,
the Riga Plant shipped about 40 carloads of superphosphate of above-plan pro-
duction.(49)~ ?.
Stalinogorsk ChQmioal'Combine imeni I. V. Stalin
`i..The:Stal4nogorsk plant, the largest chemice.l combine in the USSR,
supplies mineral fertilizers for agriculture. In addition, it supplies indus-
try with e:number:.of important chemical products, such as sulfuric, and nitric
aeid,.~canstic;sodaY,.bleaching powder, and ammonia. Production in 1953 was 1;5
times the'lede3~of 1940.,
" ~>`' Qompetent~cadres.of.qualified chemical. workers, engineers, and tech-
nicians have .been. developed at .the combine.. More than 300. men have worked
there since it began operation 20 years ago, and about 1,500 men have varked
there mose;,than.l5 years....
The annual plan for 1953 of the combine..was?fulfilled on 20 December.
About''8 thousand tons of above-plan mineral fertilizers were produced.(8)
[Khimicheskava Promvshlennost' (Moscow), No 2, 1954'', reports that the combine
produced?.5~~100.,tons of~minerai fertilizer above plan in 1953?) The amount of
fertilizers for agriculture produced by the combine, in comparison with 1950,
was up 15.5~percent in 1953: As n result of improved flow plans at the com-
bine, the. output of nitrogenous fertilizer was to be increased 15.3 percent
[in 1954??.(9)
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/31 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700200108-8
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/31 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700200108-8
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
The acceleration of technological processes.has resulted in a signif-
icant increase in output in existing production areas. During the next 2
years, the output of fertilizer will be doubled. In 1954, the combine will
begin production of granulated fertilizer,(8)
Vinnitsa Superphosphate Plant imeni Sverdlov
The Vinnitsa plant has fulfilled the Septe~ber 1953 plan by 110,8
percent and has shipped out hundreds of tons of above-plan superphosphate:(50)
graaulatedtformSeand by theaendiofsly54iwi111beeshipping out onlerthesphate in'
lated variety.(51) Y granu-
Voskresensk Chemical Combine imeni V.:.V..Kuybyshev
This combine, which is the largest processor of phosphate fertilizers
in the USSR, in conformance.wit}. the tasks established for the chemical indus-
try by the September Plenum of the Central Committee oP the CPSU, made the
following pledges for 1954:
To supply agriculture with 12,000 tons of mineral fertilizer above
plan;
To increase 'the output of granulated superphosphate by 19,000 tons;
To lower expenditures for raw materials, fuel, and electric power by
800,000 rubles;
To. reduce the cost .of production by 3 million rubles;(52)
? To increase the.output-of granulated superphosphate by 44,000 tons
over the amount processed during the past ~?ear, exceeding the 1954 plan by
18,000 tons.(17) '
The Voskresensk Combine has adopted a schedule which will enable it
during 1953 to produce twice as much superphosphate as in 1940 and more than
3 times as much phosphorite meal. About 40 of this percent will be granu-
lated superphosphate. In the superphosphate shop of the combine a new method
has been developed for cooling the product when it is removed from the cham-
ber. This results_in an increase in the content of phosphoric anhydride to
19:8-20 percent instead of the standard 18.7 percent.(23)
The workers of the combine pledged to exceed the plan for fertilizer
output in 1954 by 1,6 percent.(17)
Until World War II, the USSR chemical industry produced only inorganic
compounds, the production of which during the next few years should be in-
creased:.?However, greater increase will occur in the production of organic
compounds developed by Soviet chemists and biologists.(24)
According to requirements established by the September Plenum of the Cen-
tral Committee of the CPSU the industry, during the next 2 or 3 years, is to
double the production of toxic chemicals, especially DDT, hexachloride, and
granozan, and to become familiar with the production of phosphoro-organic
preparations:(22) Anew phosphoro-organic compound; NIUIF-100, destroys bli~tt
which attacks citrus stops, and as a result the yield has been tripled.(24)
In 1953, the plan for production and increase in output in comparison with
1952 for various insecticides was exceeded as follows: DDT, 1~2,g percent;
hexachloride, 37,4 percent; and granozan, 59 percent,(1}
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
~~
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/31 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700200108-8
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/31: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700200108-8
As a?result of the mechanization of production at the plant, the out-
pU.t,of hexaehloride dust (dustageksokhloran) has been increased 10 times.(10)
Paints and Lacquers
The Minister of Chemical Industry USSR has stated that in 1953 the pro-
duction of-paints in the USSR will be 174 percent of the prewar level and 126
percent of.the 1950 level. (14)
In 1951, a formula for roofing paint based on coal-tar lacquer as well
as the technology, for. its production and use was developed at the Leningrad
Institute of the Academy of Municipal Services. Called "Kuzbass paint" (Kuz-
basskrask), it consists of coal-tar lacquer (65 percent) and iron oxide (35
percent),,.
In Leningrad, Kuzbass paint and, the chemically stable enamel DP are be-
ing?produced at Chemical Plant No 2 of the Administration of Local and Fuel
Industry of Lengorispolkom (Leningrad City Executive Committee). In 3 years
the-plant has shipped out more than 2,000 tons of paint.
The chemically stable enamel DP is used as a primer and is composed of
the lacquer "ethinol," which is a waste product of the synthetic rubber indus-
try,,end iron -oxide, ground on chloroparaffin.
The development of a domestic industry of synthetic . tars. has resulted in
the-use on. building facades of a new material, vinyl perchloride (perkhlor-
Vlnilovyy) ,tar This gives a coat resistant to the action of water, chemical
reagents, and the atmosphere,. Vinyl perchloride paint was first used in 1945
by the laboratories of the Academy of Architecture USSR. The Leningrad Insti-
tute,of the Academy of Municipal Services has developed an improved formula
for.the paint and'has also improved the technology for its production and use.
The composition of the paint, as worked out by the institute, is as fol-
lows: 6 percent vinyl perchloride tar, 54 percent solution (solvent: or xy-
3ene), and 40 percent pigments. The following pigments may be used. ochre,
Pruaaian,red, iron oxide, umber, chromic oxide, and ultramarine. For whiten-
ing pigments, chalk, white lead, or lithopone may be used.
Production of this paint has been mastered by Leningrad Chemical Plant No
1 of the Administration of Looal and Fuel Industry of the Executive Committee
of tbe Leningrad City Soviet, by the Plant "Khimprodukt" of the Mosgorispolkom,
and by the Skoropuskkovskiy Plant (Moscow Oblast) of the Ministry of Local In-
dustry RSFSR4(54,) .
Kutaisi,Lithopone Plant
In 1954, total output at the plant will be increased by 13.2 percent
over the . plan?for 1953,E This will include an output increas?eot!"'es.cent
for lithopone and of 15 percent for oil pigment paste. The plan for 1953 was
fulfilled ;on=14 Deoember..(55)
Leningrad State Plant "Krasitel l"
By the end of 1953, the plant was to have produced 800 tons of oil
paints above plan and was to have saved about 50 tone of raw materials,(56)
Yerevan.Chemical Plant.. Ministry of Local Industry Armenian SSR)
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
CEO-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/31: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700200108-8
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/31: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700200108-8
The plant fulfilled the 1953 plan by 21 November and shipped 125 tons
try.
of paipa57t, which was processed above plan, to enterprises of the light ght indus-
Yaroslavl. "Pobeda Rabochikh" Plant
During August and September 1953, the plant maintained an uninter-
rupted output of nitro enamels which are used for Painting light-weight
vehicles and trucks. However, the requirements for enamels in
only half fulfilled. motor
September were
tered;
For some years the plant has been studying, but has by the output of cherry and dark blue colors for painting ZIM and Pobeda
Y no means mas-
Vehicles .(58)
Yerevan Lacquer and Paint Plant
All technical and economic indexes for at the
plan, Plant by labor 10 October Production 1953 were completed
costs dropped 1.1 percent below the
amounted to 0 Y increased 14.1 percent, and above -plan profits
paints and at '000 rubles. In 1952, the
present is producing 15 plant Produced ten varieties of
master the production of nitro enamel and furniture In 1g54,:s planning to
furniture lacquers. (59 )
The Yerevan Plant pledged to complete the plan for the first quarter
of 1954 on March 14.? The January program was fulfilled 111.7 percent,.(6.0)
In the Armenian SSR?there are rich deposits of first-class eolored
earths and.tufs -_ yelllow, er also fir nao, red, or nge' innamon, black, and
and also fi s_clas:. An ralhown g , which make highly desirable drawing
Yerevan facqurr and paint quantity of this material is used bg ma-
Plant exclusively in house y the
paint.
The Yerevan Plant can easily put into
oi1 or ~
r
simple
Plastics
C_0_N F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
Molotov Plant imeni Ordzhonikidze
In December 1953, a conference of workers of the Soviet
was held to discuss problems. having to do stry
the plastics industry indu
expanding and improving the
discussion Y in order to fulfill consumer with goods requirements.
for consumer. goodsyu which sincludeseanuovertalleproductionfulfil sthe 1During
954 the
plan
increae per-
cent over 1953, a 52-percent increase in production of celluloid es a
wider variety (120 new kinds of items) le p, and improved gullet
In thelaborator Y?(17)articl or the
study of
the of the Moscow Institutefof Chemical Machine Building, resistance of materials.
carried out on the production of a new type t muah edsearch is being
has good anticorrosive of Plastic called nsbovinyl, which
properties:
Asbovinyl is a mixture of ground asbestos and a binder substance, ethynol
lac, which is-a chemical-by-product.
-13-
C-O-N-F-I-]>_E_N_T~I-A
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/31: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700200108-8
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/31: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700200108-8
The process of manufacturing asbovinyl is simple. Proper amounts of eth-
ynol and asbestos are placed in a mixing machine. The mixture is stirred with-
out heating for 1-1/2 hours until a homogeneous substance is obtained. Asbo-
vinyl acquires chemical stability in hardening, after which there is no change
in properties in temperatures ranging from minus 50 to plus 110 degrees.
Because of the simplicity of its manufacture, asbovinyl can be prepared
directly by the consumer plant.
The new product is used in making various kinds of tubes, T pipes, fit-
tings, and other parts of chemical apparatus.
Upon application to the surface of metal or ceramic articles, asbovinyl
adheres well and protects such items from corrosion.
Experiments in the long use of apparatus, parts of which have been covered
with asbovinyl resin, have given good results. A coating of asbovinyl permits
a saving of a considerable amount of stainless steel, ceramics, lead, and other
nonferrous metals in the various branches of industry.(62)
Tbilisi Plant "Plast:ezina"
The plant fulfill'a the 1953 plan for wholesale production by 21 No-
vember. By the end of the year, 15 tons of above-plan products were to have
been processed.Mi)
Vladimir Chemical Plant
As a result of inadequate direction ~y its main administration, this
plant failed to fulfill the 1953 plan for the production of plastics..(1)
Rubber Products
During the Fifth Five-Year Plan, the increase in synthetic rubber output
in comparison with 1950 will amount to 82 percent.(4)
In 1953, the plan for production and increase in output in comparison
with 1952 in the rubber industry was exceeded by 13 percent for synthetic rub-
ber and by 7 percent for automobile tires.
The Main Administration of the Technical Rubber and Rubber Footwear In-
dustry (Glavrezinprom) annually conducts a conference of chief engineers of
plants, chiefs of technological construction divisions, and plant laboratories.
At these conferences the work of the past year is discussed, measures are ap-
prpved and disseminated to other enterprises, and work plans are drawn up for
scientific-research institutes, technological construction divisions, and plant
laboratories.
The Technical Administration of the Ministry of Chemical Industry USSR,
Glavkauchuk (Main Administration of the Rubber Industry), the-All-Union Scien-
tific-Research Institute of Synthetic Rubber (VNIISK), Resinoproekt [Rubber
Products Plant Planning Division?], and other organizations. also participated
in the '1953 conference.
For detailed review of 1953 operations and consideration of plans for
1954, four sections were organized. The sections were assigned the appraisal
of the work of each technical construction division and each plant laboratory.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/31: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700200108-8
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/31: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700200108-8
ynol and asbestos are placed in a mixing nmachine. The mixture isostirred with-
out heating for 1-1/2 hours until a homogeneous substance is obtained. Asbo-
vinyl acquires chemical stability in hardening, after which there is no change
in properties in temperatures ranging from minus 50 to plus 110 degrees.
Because of the simplicity of its manufacture, asbovinyl can be prepared
directly by the consumer plant.
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
The new product is used in making various kinds of tubes, T pipes, fit-
tings, and other parts of chemical apparatus.
Upon application to the surface of metal or ceramic articles, asbovinyl
adheres well and protects such items from corrosion. Experi with asbovinylmentresins in
good results. parts
A coatinghofhasbhave ovineln covered s
a saving of a considerable amount of stainless steel, ceramics, lead,, and other
nonferrous metals in the various branches of industry.(62)
Tbilisi Plant "Plasti'ezina"
The plant fulfills the 1953 plan for wholesale production by 21 No-
vember. By the end of the year, 15 tons of above-plan products were to have
been processed.(61)
Vladimir Chemical Plant
As a result of inadequate direction by its main administration, this
plant failed to fulfill the 1953 plan for the production of plastics..(1)
During the Fifth Five-Year Plan, the increase in synthetic rubber output
in comparison with 1950 will amount to 82 percent.(4)
In 1953, the plan for production and increase in output in comparisop
with 1952 in the rubber industry was exceeded by 13 percent for synthetic rub-
ber and by 7 percent for automobile tires.
The Main Administration of the Technical Rubber and Rubber Footwear In-
dustry.(Glavrezinprom) annually conducts a conference of chief engineers of
plants, chiefs of technological construction divisions, and plant laboratories.
At these conferences the work of the past year is discussed, measures are ap-
provedand disseminated to other enterprises, and work plans are dtawn up for
scientific-research institutes, technological construction divisions, and plant
laboratories,
The Technical Administration of the Ministry of Chemical Industry USSR,
Glavkauchuk (Main Administration of the Rubber Industry), the All-Union Scien-
tific-Research Institute of Synthetic Rubber (VNIISK), Resinoproekt [Rubber
Products Plant Planning Division?], and other organizations also participated
in the"1953 conference.
For detailed review of 1953 operations and consideration of plans for
1954, four sections were organized. The sections were assigned the appraisal
of the work of each technical construction division and each plant laboratory.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/31 : CIA-RDP80-00809A000700200108-8
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/31: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700200108-8 0
changes and additions wereVmade intheUprojectedoplanspofnthe technicalycon-
struction divisions and. plant laboratories .? Suggestions were made for further
improving the activities of the divisions and laboratories.(l)
Kishinev Chemical Plant (Ministry of Local Industry Moldavian SSR)
According to plan, 80 percent of this plant's production should be
of first and second class. In practice, it has only produced 4 percent of
first class and 34 percent of second class. Particularly poor is the quality
of women's rubber boots, which is the basic type of production of the plant.
, The plant has done very poorly in adapting itself to the production
of new types of articles.. Despite a large demand from consumers for masti-
cated rubber coats, the plant has so far not mastered this type of production.
The plant at times has managed to produce up to 45,000 square meters of masti-
cated rubber. Recently, none has been produced because of lack of raw mate-
rial. For the same reason, the production of 40,000 pairs of women's rubber
boots has been disrupted.(64)
Leningrad "Krasnyy Treugol'nik" Plant
As a result of inadequate direction by its main administration, the
plant has failed to fulfill the 1953 plan for the production of rubber prod-
ucts._(1)
Leningrad Technical Rubber Products Plant
The Leningrad plant will produce 380,000 more automobile fan belts
and 120,000 more belts for agriculture in 1954 than in 1953.(65)
e tion has instituted the . The
pro ucti nmofopipesoforpautomatic pumpslhasbbeen organized,semployingna method
of raiding rather than the method used heretofore.
A technological process has been perfected and is being used in the
manufacture of benzine-resisting hoses of improved construction and a machine
for coating the connecting part (shtutser).on.drill sleeves: An experimental
consignment'.of?braided steam-conducting hoses has also been manufactured at
the plant. ,These hoses have given good results.
In-l954, production will be initiated of a consignment of braided
steam-conducting hose, which will be throughly studied under caiditlons ofnetual
use, and materials will be prepared for the issuance of a GUST. The economic
effect of beginning production of such a hose will result in a saving of more
than a million rubles at the Leningrad Plant alone.().)
Moscow "Kauchuk" Plant
New, more economical mixtures, which have decreased the use of rubber
and other scarce types of raw materials, have been prescribed for the "Kau-
chuk" Plant; Thus, the plant's mixture for hydropeat (gidrotorfnyy) hoses now
contaTns-10 percent less rubber than formerly. This method does not lower the
quality-of the-mixture.
The plant makes use of a great quantity of so-called "reclaimed" rub-
ber;. In the-bulk processing of pressure, pneumatic, steam, and other hoses,
the content of reclaimed rubber in the raw material has been increased to 40
percent. Reclaimed rubber is widely used for the production of conveyer belts.
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
C -0 -N?v,, I -D -E -N-T-I-A -L
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/31: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700200108-8
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/31: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700200108-8
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
The :same is true for such items as automobile and. household carpets, for which
no,?natural..rubber.at all is.being.used now. This, year [1952] the rubber-mix-
ture contains an average of 37-38 percent of reclaimed rubber, which does not
reduce the quality jof the product but does lower its cost significantl
(66)
y
The ,"Kauchuk" Plant shipped gisoli.ne-psi tent hose,
oxygen and for work with pneumatic tools and mechanisms to pth~ hose,c gruu tihose
5-
droelectric Power Station project.: A total of more than 6,ooo meters of hose
were
were to be shipped.,
shi gr
With this/shipment, the, plant fulfilled about 70-80 percent of its
order for many types of production.
which were to be. Out of 4,000 meters of pneumatic hose
during 1953, 3,100 meters were
sent out. The order for the manufactured for Kuybyshev Hydro enterprises electric Power project was also
being fulfilled;., More than 800 meters of hose out of a planned total of 1,000
for 1953.-were already manufactured for the project:(67)
The plant has pledged to increase in 1954 the volume of molded and
nonmolded articles by 15 percent over 1953.(65)
and rec. Among thermeasurer introduced in 1953 by the rubber products industry
hose production, including. the use of an machine atVthel"Kauchuk"fPlantpforithe
mechanical application of-.insulation to coils, cables, and strips; a machine
for stripping insulation from coiled sleeves up to a length of 10 meters; a
device for covering pressure hoses at large combines and for coiling lengths
of long pressure hoses. The plant has also adopted the use of noiseless, four-
motor'seaming blocks, a device for greasing and drying braided hoses up to 2
meters in length, a machine for rerolling coiled cable, and a number of other
machines.
An experiment of great practical significance has been the creation
of a device for supplying the hose combine with 20-meter lengths of fabric and
rubber, with the aid of belt conve3ers, from a sheeting calendar installed im-
mediately adjacent to the combine.
de Equipment for the production of mandrels. for conveyer belts has been
veloped,. produced, and, assembled at the "Kauchuk" Plant. In 1954, with the
mechanization of the, process for lining conveyer belts the production of con-
veyer belts will be'completely mechanized at the plant.
The plant has undertaken the building of distributors for auto ma
control. of hydraulic vulcanizing presses,, set up forsertes tic
'productiond' The
ffrst.consignmentwas produced.in 1953 and' the output will be considerably in-
creased in 1954.. It is anticipated that in the next 2-3 years they will be
available. for use with all the presses in industry.
The "Kauchuk" Plant has also begun to employ high-frequency heating
of stock for shaped articles before vulcanizing, and has designed an electronic
regulator for the temperature of the plates of the electropresses.(1)
Sverdlovsk Technical Rubber Products Plant
The plant has instituted a method for assuring a significant increase
in the durability of V-shaped, fan belts by means of mechanized cutting of
notches (zub')? Such. notched construction decreases the heat-generating fac-
tors in the belts when'in use. The Scientific-Research Institute of the Rub-
ber'Industry (NIIRP), in conjunction with the Sverdlovsk plant, has installed
C-O-N-F-I-r-E-N-T-I-A-L
~~r~ -s rrwr~
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/31: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700200108-8
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/31: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700200108-8
experimental machined and grooved belts in automobiles; the value of notching
the ' belts hae'been'confirmed In 1953, the Sverdlovsk plant designed and
manufactured a special machine for this purpose.
The plant has also worked out.a method-of'selecting the pr~pef size
of cord bdlt'for given conditions of operation and has set up an instrument
for automatic' measuring of the, durability of these belts.
An original device has been constructed at the Sverdlovsk plant for
locking the vulcanizing form, permitting vulcanization in boilers and an un-
interrupted process of vulcanizing shaped articles through the automatization
of the Overcharging of the pressform.(1)
By 1940, the national production of caustic soda was increased by four
times in comparison with 1913. According to the directives of the 19th Party
Congress it is planned during the Fifth Five-.year Plan to increase the produc-
tion of caustic soda by 79 percent and of calcined soda by 84 percent in com-
parison with?195o (4)
The+.norms for the. consumption of caustic-soda in the USSR for 1952 were
decreased in comparison: with those for 1949 as follows: in the production of
aluminum oxide-for aluminum, 26.5 percent; of viscose silk 1104 percent; and
of ?syhthetic -phenol, 7 percent.
'At'the same time, the norms of consumption for calcined soda were also.
considerably;.decreased: in the production of aluminum oxide, 53'.2 percent; of
bicarbonate of soda, 9.2 percent; and of chemical caustic soda, 10,4 percent.
At one aluminum plant, consumption of caustic soda-in aluminum oxide pro-
duction,was 34 percent lower in 1952 than in 1948. In another aluminum plant
of the Mtnibtry.of.Nonferrous Metallurgy, where calcined soda is used to pro"
dice alumitnam?oxide, the consumption of soda was reduced by 60 percent in the
period 1948-1952.
I'x.1:4e,,production of window glass, the present consumption norm provides
fgr'?thd'inclusion of an amount sodium sulfate equal to 50 percent'of the total
anount:of?alkali in the.mixture.? If this amount is raised to 54.56 percent of
the total alkali, the consumption of soda for window glass can be reduced 12-
15 kilograms per,ton.
'In-plants- of the food industry in 1951, the consumption of'cal.cined soda
per ton. of glass?jars was 96i7-kilograms and the consumption of sodium sul-
fate 291,,ki,egramsv. In the third quarter of 1952, the consumption of calcined
soda dropped to .6 kilogram as a result of raising that of sodium sulfate to
396 kilograms.(68)
In 1953., the plan in the soda industry for production and increased out-
put in comparison with 1952 was exceeded 15 percent for caustic soda and 19
percent?for;calcined soda..(l)
Berezniki Soda Plant, Donets Soda Plant (Verkhneye), and Slavyansk Soda
Plant
In 1912, at tike Donets Soda Plant, large operations were begun with
large?scale:equipment, leading to the creation in 1913 .of anew element, Type
E, having a productivity of 260-280 tons per 24-hour period.
Although the re
-
construccttion of the Donets plant in 1913 was still not fully completed, an
17 -
GO=N.F.-7rD-1;-N4-I-A _-L
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/31: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700200108-8
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/31: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700200108-8
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T I_A_L
output of soda of 92,000 tone per worker and per reserve element was achieved.
This amounted to almost 280 tons per 24-hour period.
The Berezniki plant possessed two elements
(one of which was a re-
serve element) and no large reconstruction was undertaken. almost doubled the production of soda between
plant. prod and 1913. During this pe_
plod there was also a significant increase in productivity at the Slait too
vyansk
Production of Calcined Soda
(In tons, in round numbers)
Yer
Donets Plant
Berezniki Plant
1900
37
300
1905
,
48
ooo
- ~~
14
6
1908,
,
63
000
25,700
,
oo
13
20
76,500
1910
,
75
300
34,8o0
0
,
11
86,900
1911
,
500
86
36,000
,300
20
21
109,100
1912
,
91
800
39,8co
0
,
21
132,200
1913
,
92
300
44,900
,900
2
148,200
l914
,
88
6oo
40,800
7,500
8
26
164,200
,
43,000
00
,
159,900
25,200
156,800
During the war years, the output of soda was significantly decreased.
In 1915, it amounted to 127,000 tons, in 1916, to 136,000, and in 1917 to
"OB)000 tons.. A large reduction of soda
(from 26)800 tons in _ output occurred at the Slavyanek plant
191 calcined soda was i to 4,100 tons in 1917). A rather large
the ned soda
method., Slacaustic, at the Donets and Derezniki part f
plantstby
bittes of calcined. soda were converusto~sodium bicarbonate. ethod. Small quart
At the beginning of World War I, soda production in Russia, although
quantitatively inferior to that of the large West European countries, attained
struction
the technical level of the best plants using the Solvay struction of , theDonets plant and the installation of a
meat.created: Process. The recon-
possibility for a further increase in ppcductionilpe E ele-
the'plantsowe weverj intervention and the lack of
for about a The Derezniki plantwremained fuel
inoperrative
year (1919), the Donets plant for 2 years (1919-1921)
SlavyBnsk:;plant for more than 6 years (1920-1926),
and the
1926 b The prewar production level was attained by the Donets Soda Plant in
Y the Berezniki plant in 1927, and by the Slavyansk Soda Plant In 1928.
over-all prewar level of production was attained in 1927.
,
Production of Calcined Soda, 1920-1928
(In tuna ,.. _
Year
1920
Donets Plant
Inoperative
Berezni plant
Slavyansk Plant
--~-~_
Total
1921
500
2
7,800
Ino
.J1
1922
1923
,
18,600
..40,600
7,400
17,100
perative
11
7,800
9,900
1924.
57
400
14,200
3 '00
,
20,700
54,8oo
78,100
C-O-N-F-I_D-E-N-T-I-A-L
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/31 : CIA-RDP80-00809A000700200108-8
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/31: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700200108-8
C.O=N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
Year Donets Plant Berezniki Plant Slavyansk Plant
1925 66 200
31
800
1
,
1926 85
Inoperative 98,100
600
000
39
,
11 120,600
1927 107,600
41
,500 15,500 164,600
1928 141 00
7 4
,
1,000 24;300 207,000
econ terruptedRby WorldcWarnI. Donets
had two in 1912-1913, of was
which
one was operative and the other was in reserve. Installation of a third ele-
ment had been begun.
The reconstruction of the Donets plant was resumed, as was that of
the Berezniki plant, which also possessed two elements. Work on the installa-
tion of a third element was completed in 1928. In 1930, Donsoda processed
158,000 tons of calcined soda, almost 172 percent of the 1913 level. The Be-
rezniki Plant processed 68,000 tons in 1931, or 154 percent of the 1913 level.
Caustic soda and sodium bicarbonate shops had also been set up.
The Slavyansk Soda Plant, using the Honigmann system, achieved a ca-
pacity of 25,000-27,000 tons. Until 1927 it was inoperative, but after begin-
ning production once more, the plant quickly increased its production of soda
and in 1928 had almost reached the prewar level, and in 1930 surpassed it.
In the process of its re-establishment, a large part of the plant's
old apparatus was replaced with more modern equipment. In the filtration de-
partment, in place of the periodic Nutsch filters, continuous rotary vacuum
filters were installed; in the calcining department, in place of the roasters
and vertical mechanical furnaces, drum kilns were installed. The lime kilns
were mechanized and a new distillation element of the Solvay type was installed.
In addition, all the old Honigmann distillation and absorption apparatus were
replaced. Of the old Honigmann apparatus, only the carbonizers were retained
and their number was increased.
Production of Calcined Soda, 1929-1935
(In tons, in round numbers)
Year Donets plant Berezniki Plant Slavyansk Plant
Total
1929 161,800 48,3
30,000
1930 158,400 62
7
230,100
,
00
00
1931' 163,800 40,oo
68
261,0oo
'000 41,ooO
1932 178,000
7
273,400
1933 218,
00
,9
6
284,100
44
00
1934 260,000
6
'60
324,300
0
1935 267
000 ' 51,50"
396,100
,
97,000 58,000
416,000
During the period 1929-1935, the increase in production of soda, based
on 1929 as 100 was as follows:
140.8 in 113.5 in 1930, 118.0 in 1931, 123.0 in 1932,
1933, 172.1 in 1934, and 180.9 in 1935.
All the reconstruction, particularly at Donsoda, made possible an out-
put, of soda at the beginning of World War II of 550,000 tons, which amounted,
to 335 percent of the level achieved by the same soda plants on the eve of the
World War I in'1913, and to 240 percent of the 1929 level.
C-O-N.F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/31 : CIA-RDP80-00809A000700200108-8
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/31: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700200108-8
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-FN-T-I-A-L
During World War II, the construction of a la
begun in the Bashkir
A
rge nd
ew soa Plant
ha
have already was
SSR. Several of the sections of this new construction
been put into use. Construction of the new plant resulted in a.'
significant change in the geographical' distribution of
shifting it to the East. the USSR soda industry,
.
The Five-Year Plan for the establishment and development of the na-
tional economy of the USSR for 1946-1950 called for the restoration of soda
plants and the completion. of the construction of the-soda plant begun Bashkir ASSR during the war, and the construction of still another soda
In 1950, the production of calcined soda was to amount to 800,000 onsiandhof
caustic. soda; 390,000 tons. Plant.
The large increase in the soda production capjcity of the USSR (dur-
ing the Postwar Five-Year Plan a capacity of 813,000 'cons of calcined soda and
278,000 tons of caustic soda was to be installed) was only the beginning or? ?-~
the construction of the soda industry, which has already reached the limits Of
the postwar Five-year Plan. (69)
Mikhaylovskiy Soda Combine
As a result of inadequate direction from its main administration, this
combine failed to fulfill the plan for 1953.(1)
Stalinogorsk Chemical Combine imeni Stalin
In 1953, the production of caustic soda at this combine was increased
by '76,8 percent in comparison with 1950,(9)
Sterlitamak Soda Plant
?` This plant failed to fulfill.ite
its main adminiatratio 195i plan because of administration t o give it adequate support.0)the. fai lure of
Yerevan Carbide Plant
In connection with the consumer goods pro ram
to organize the production of u
g It would be possible
aste products and subsidiary p e r 1ls of tons of sndel
materials of the Yerevan Pln*.I4U) from the
Soil bacteria, saccharomycetes, and other
all widely used'in the USSR economy for increased Pr odv c t ^ro[,
for producing alcohol, albumen (kormov ~Vu' rni;robNsn are
Yy belok), antiblotlcs, v'. and
itrm u;, etc.
On 28 November 1953
cow by the Department 953 , a conference of rnicrobiologi.,t5 was
of $iologira, :iciejjce6 and the Institute of Microbiology
of the Academy of Sciences USSR.' It was devoted to a discussion the a ppl
cation of marked atoms to mic r of
obiology. This method, based on the use of ra-
dioactive agents, various agents , makes it Possible quickly and accurately to trace the action
ism-NO) entering from outside the animal, plant; and microbe organ-
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I -A -1.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/31: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700200108-8
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/31: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700200108-8
C-O-N-FBI-D-E-N-T-I A-L
Pharmalls
According to the directives of the 19th Party Congress, at the end of the
Fifth Five=yearPlan the production of drugs will be no less than 2.
the Production-in 1950,..(4) 5 times
The requirements of the USSR for medicinal camphor were satis-
tained fied from exclusively
the by camphor the laurelimport. from originally
Japan of natural camphor which was ob-
Repeated efforts to supply the USSR with native natural camphor have not
met with great success. These efforts included the culture of camphor laurel
on the Black Sea Coast, experiments in the use of wild-
the culture of camphor basil and the organization of the r
from its base. growing wormwood, and
p oduction of camphor
In 1930, at the Okhtenskiy Chemical Combine in Lenin direc-
tion of Professor S.-N. Ushakov, the first
the USSR was production tdtftthecieooln
organized, the raw r"gterial for which consisted o of the Pine oil
from the needles of Siberian firs. But the camphor obtained in this manner
was unsuitable for medicinal purposes.
In 1933, work was renewed at the Novosibirsk Experimental
and in the following year the production of camphor was be
and turpentine as raw Camphor Plant
perimental work of the terials) with a method of dehydrogenatiosing Pine oil
chair of plant an active part was taken b In the
pharmacology at the Tomsk.Medical Institute r tee man occupying the
the
The camphor obtained by the dehydrogenation method has meteallrthe demands of
industry and medicine.
The camphor manufactured by the Novosibirsk Plant, surpassing in its me-
dicinal p'dperties all other similar types of camphor, has been widely intro-
duced into the medical practice of the USSR and has replaced the imported Jap-
anese camphor -(71)
Frunze Pharmaceutical Plant
percent.(72)
The Plant completed the 1953 10-month plan for gross production 108.1
Moscow Pharmaceutical Plant imeni 8 Marta
The plant completed the 1953 plan ahead of schedule.(73)
Riga Pharmaceutical Plant
The Riga Plant fulfilled the January 1954 plan by 188 percent;,(74)
The plant has mastered the production of a new synthetic piperazine. This drug, which is difficult to prepare, is used in the treat-
ment of rheumatism, preparation,
to;maas gout, and kidney ailments. The plant has been converted
Production of- the anddid
An original machine for the electric cutting of ampoules has been
demonstrated at the Riga plant.. The machine has taken the place of the hand
labor of many workers and has increased productivity by 28 times-(76)
Great significance is attached to achievements concerning the product of the utilization of waste products of the hydrolysis industry.
the field of furfural, a series of new medicinal furfural,
.
preparations has been
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/31: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700200
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/31: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700200108-8
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
Plant. --,,,,on or which has been set up at the Riga Pharmaceutical
The m'edicinal preparation
which is used in n surgery in the "furatsilin," which was obtained earlier and
sicknesses, acquired a wide treatment of wounds and for angina and other
in the USSR in 1953,(77
Tbilisi Pharmaceutical Plant
The plant considerably exceeded the 1952 plan. In 1953 , its capacity
was to be increased 40-50 percent
ca
packing plant over 1952. The reconstruction of the
will make it tablet-
tablets.
ssible to in Improvement of the main buildincrandethentannicbacid shop is b ingcompleted; y the output being
complete(78)
The number of workers in the glass-blowing section is bean
B in-
1. Moscow, Khimicheskaya Promyshlennost', No 2, Mar 54
2. Moscow
3. Kiev, Pravda, 29 Dec 53
Pravda Ukrainy,