DEVELOPMENTS IN RUMANIAN COAL, PETROLEUM, METALLURGICAL AND MACHINERY INDUSTRIES, 1953

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Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 
CIA-RDP80-00809A000700190246-7
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RIPPUB
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C
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12
Document Creation Date: 
December 22, 2016
Document Release Date: 
August 24, 2011
Sequence Number: 
246
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Publication Date: 
July 21, 1954
Content Type: 
REPORT
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/14 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700190246-7 ~ CLASSIFICATION CONFIDII~'TIAL CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY REPORT INFORMATION FROM ~ FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS CD NO. COUNTRY Rumania DATE OF SUBJECT Economic -Industry, production, coal, INFORMATION 1953 petroleum, metallurgy, machinery HOW Sociological -Labor, housing DATE DfST. ~I Jul 1951+ PUBLISHED Daily newspapers WHERE PUBLISHED Bucharest PJO. OF PAGES 12 DATE PUBLISHED 4 Apr-22 Oct 1953 LANGUAGE Rumanian SUPPLEMENT TO REPORT NO. DEVEIAPbtEIJ'i'S IN RUMANIrW COAL PEPROLEIRd MEPlQ,LiJRGICAL Akx) 1?'NCHII3IItY INDUSTRIF~ 19 3 Cun?nary: The following report discusses sonm of the main develop- ments in 1953 in four of Rumania's principal industries: coal, petro- leum, metallurgy, turd machinery. The section on coal describes the improvements in the miners' liv- ing conditions and the resulting increase in production. The section on petroleum discusses the latest improvements in drilling and extrac- tion equipment and reports sor.:e of the progress made in the drilling and extraction of petroleum. The sections on metallurgy and machine building report achievements in principal plants in Rumania. These factories are dealt ;with alphabetically. 1~umbers in parentheses refer to appended sources) (Jith each passing month, new wori:ers' housing units are being constructed for the miners of the Fetrosru~i, Petrila, Lonea, Anineasa, Vulcani, Uricani, and Lupeni mines, and for all ma,Jor mSning localities in the Valea Jiului area. The appearance of the Lonea mine area has been almos*. entirely changed by the rows of ne?,r houses dotting entire mountain slopes (1) and Uricani has added the 267th ~,, apar+.ment tc its new housing developments for miners:(2) bore than 1,000 nex ~."?.?,~apFVt,~nents sere constructed in Va1ea Jiului from 1 January to 23 August 1953?(3) A special construction cortm;ittee has been set up to control the progress of building and to insure the utmost care in Lhe construction of these houses. The following measures have been adpptcd by this committee: (a) l~gineers must check the ground for any hidden water eprings under the foundation; (b) engineers - 1 - CC27FIDENTIAL Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/14 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700190246-7 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/14 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700190246-7 must check to insure sufficient cement content in concrete; (c} workers must avoid leaving large cracks between Sloor boards; (d) wall colors must harmonize rather than clash; and (e) a regular check must be conducted after apartments are occupied to prevent workers from abusing their new homes by wri*,ing on wails, marring the fixtures, etc.(1) mother improvement for the miners of Rumania is the opening of several new medical units at the Vales Jiului mines. Dispensaries and health clinics, each having 15-20 beds, have been set, up at most of the mires cf that reE'~r., besides the three hospitals already in existence. Petrosani and Lupeni have set up den- tal clinics for miners, and Lupeni and Lonea have established night dispensaries crhere ,pipers can rehabilitate themselves temporarily. Moreover, the number of underground first-aid stations and dietetic canteens has increased. About 200 full-time doctors are employed in the mines of the Vales Jiului region.(4) Because of these improved living conditions, production of most coal mines has showed satisfactory progress. Approximately 64 percent of the miners in the Comeaesti coal mines are Lpplying advanced methods oP labor, and the number of miners applying the cycl+c ~ aph method has increased by 23 percent. Miners of the Leorda mine have fu1Zi31ed their norms 102.62 percent, and those of the Asau mine have fulfilled their norms 110.14 percent. Some individual brigades have surpassed their individual norms by ].2_14 percent. Important achievei:ents have also beer. noted a?. the Rai'ira mine, xhere the workers are successfully applying the cyclic graph method.(5) The Jieti-Icnea mine celebrated its biggest victory in 1953, inasmuch as one of its brigades completed its Five-Year plan, This is the first brigade to have completed the Five-year Plan in 4 years. The success of this and other brigades was made possible by the intensive aid given by the Soviet Union.(6) Early ir. 1953, the miners of the Lupac mine asked that their norms be in- creased by 20 percent, without having their salaries increased snd without having any additional equipment. Ail pledges of these miners xere fulfilled, because they made full use of their worY?ing time and applied the latest available Soviet methods. At the same time, their labor productivity increased 23 percent.(7) Their labors were rewarded by the awru?d of the Red Banner of Production for the first quarter of 1953, which xas (ranted for their 120.41 percent plan fulfill- ment, their 16.45 percent drop in costs, and their 11 percent increase in quality of workmanship, compared with the 1952 figures.(8) Miners of the Lupeni mine adopted the cyclic graph method, as a result of which each brigade produced 800 tons oi' coral above the Augu,t production plan, ei, ~ " '?~~inning of September, some miners surpassed their norms by as much as 180 percent.(9) u~,:easing numbers are surpassing their production norms b~ as much as 105 percent. Some brigades are completing ter. cycles above the plan each month.(10) Almost a71 workers at this mine are engaged in socialist compe- titions.(11) rliners in the Petrila mines are striving to produce more and more coal. The leading brigade is that of Stakhanovite Iuliu Haidu; this brigade started working on the November 1954 quota as early as April 1 been daily surpassing its norms b 80 953? Another brigade l,ss September 1 4 Y percent, end thus it began working on tt+~ 95 quota as early as the spring oi' 1953. Other brigades have ex- ceeded their norms 25-96 percent.(12) In September 1953, some workers of the Petrila coal mines surpassed production norms 104 percent, whereas other brigades surpassed the plan 20-50 percent.(13) Miners throughout ti,e Vales Jiului mines are continually engaged in compe- titions. lJith the help of party organizations, the miners are putting Soviet methods of labor to eacellant use. The Jntest such rx thod is that using the mixed brigad?= system of Soviet 3takhanovite Novgorodtsev, used for the first time in Rumania at the Petrila mine. Severn brigades have obtained daily advances of 18 meters above the plan by using this method. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/14 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700190246-7 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/14 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700190246-7 ~ Mother Soviet method meeting with success is the cyclic 6z?aph method, pt has beennusingethisOmethodfi with thesresultdthatisome9bri-ades Petrila mine else daily norms 60_105 percent. Other Soviet methods in use are the VoroshineiZhan- darova, Kotlyar, and Rardin metY.ods. The Minoasg mine has 290 miners using the Kotlyar method, In all, some 6,000 miners in the Valea Jiului ^:ines are using one or more Soviet methods of labor.(14) Throughout this region, productions quotes for the first quarter of 1953 were fulfilled 103.3 percent. The leading mine was Minoasa, where the miners produced 7,500 tons of coal above the plan during the firs. 3 moat};, of 1953? One brigade pra}uced 616 tons of coal over the plan d'arino N.:sch 1y53.(15) Keeping in step with the increase in the activity of coal mines, mining- equipment.factoiies have also been Producing new types of equipment and perfect- ing existing models. The Petrosani mining-equipment factory carried out improve- ments on former types and developed a new type of scraper, the TP-1, which is st~u?dier and can be assembled and dismantled with greater speed. The result was a 30-40 percent increase in the speed of coal transportatien.(16) To aid the expansion of the petroleum industry, petroleum-equipment factories are increasing their productl~on. For example, workers :^rom the Energopetrol fac- tory in Camping completed the 1953 production plan 3 months and 2 days ahead of schedule and started working on the 1954 Plan on 23 September 1953? Some of these workers are working on the last norms of the Five-year plan, i'hus, the electrical repair section is working on its 14 September 1. percent and economies rose to 229,651+ lei. 955 nom' Costs were reduced 3.6 pected to reach the 15 February 1954 norms.(~)7 November 1953, xorkers were ex- Some 35 lathe operators from the Sovrom-utilaJ-Petrolifer (Soviet-Rumanian petroleum equipment) factory in Camping have started to work according to the Kolesov method, At the Poiana enteri,rises, for example, Stn};}~unovite Ion Man- doianu has reduced the time required for lathing n piece of steel from to 10 minutes. Similarly, there are n number of other workers who can work g stee'_ pipe in 16 minutes rgther then the 45 minutes required in the pasts( 8,utes The Sovrom-utiln~_petrolifer factory in Resita has adopted sound technical_ organizational measures to assist lathe operators, (raising-machine operators, and other workers to meet th, .r newly established norms. As a result of these efforts, norms have been surpassed.(ly) ;Jorhers of all sections of the factory are engabing in socialist competitions to reduce the dead time and to increase Production. During AuTust, the production plgn for the entire shops was surpassed each?5andreent. Tl:us, four pumping units, three compressors of ..5 cubic meters other important pieces of equipment wer= produced above the p).an. Some workers are surpassing their individugl norms by as much as "(0 percent. During ehuifinent,7 months of 1953, the shop saved 1,j62,915 lei worth of materials and q P (^S a result of these and other improvements, the T`^?- sul local industr,~ enterprises completed the 153 nraluction plan as early a;, 9 September 1953, at the same time reducing costs by 5 perceat.(24) Some lathe operators at the Vulcan metallurgical enterprises in Bucharest have discovered a method for reducing by 20 minute the time required to polish the track for overhead cranes. Dbreovcr, by using the special Vidia 5-1 blade, at a speed of EAO rather than 400 revolutions per minute, an advance of 0.2 milli- meter per minute can be ruched. By this method, one worker can polish three to four such tracks above the plan per day.(4) The 23 August factory in Bucharest is now paying more attention to the full use of its iaterral reserves.. The light machinery section wA,g recently pro- vided with hiGh-quality machinery and tools from the USSR "During august 1953, factoxv workers suggested 50 innovations, 34 of :which have been adopted ^,uccess- full;,. );conomies amounted to 500,000 iei. However, since the use of machines in the lil;lrt nachincrJ section has been poorly planned, insufficient use t.~ being made of this n?rchinery. Some machines work only 50-60 percent of their capacity. and otk:ers are overloaded all the time. Some machines are left completely idle during an entire shift. inus, ten machines in the (raising-machine shop were left idle Burin; the entire second shift. Another fault of this section is that the repair time for machinery sa,d tools has not been reduced. For example, a lathe remained idle for more than a ucek for lac]: of a simple bearing on the a:Qe. Durinl; this time both n.achine and operator were left idle. Materials are not delivered on time, an;; workers do not make full use of their 1+80 minutes of working time per day.(1;~) The adtninistration of the 23 ,^~ugus'~~'actory, as :roll cs trade unions and party organs, have been chiefly conceFued with the _rroblem of adequate protection for workers engaged in hazardous ' arias. T::a 23 ,~uguat factory ir. -Fhrrharest is one c.f the lamest in the nation; as such, it allocated x,100,000 lei in 1953 for the purcaaae of equipment for ?.ro-rl:ers' protection. ;his step reduced accidents by as much ns 300-400 percent. A special weli'nre -a?cgrar, i:aslbcan set u.; for tiro :rorl?~r?o p This program covers vacations, emnlo nt ri t :''ctor,~. day, working conditions of women and minors ghts, length of the working accident-prevention devices, ant r.:zny other~inprovementucloOfinQocuile~iotemistthe attermt to elir :ate the n:actice of usin^ 12-hour sh'fts followed b;; 24 hourr, of rent; this practice has been rcduce;i b? uG ne 3 rcert at the 23 August factories. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/14 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700190246-7 Sanitized Copy Approved aprons~randJfreetcarbonatedgwaterlont~oarersoin1sectaonsowherevthe~airJisgcogcon~ taminr.t^d that it may have a toxic effect receive free milk. Some sections, noticeably the thermal treatment section, hatie special units for the purifica- tion of contaminated air.(47) Over 96 percent of the workers of the Bocsa Romans agricultural machinery factor, in Resits are engaged in socialist competitions. Score are surpassing their norms 126 percent and others at least 100 percent.(118) The Ilia Pintilie factory is no:: producing n four-blade plcw which can be adapted to the 1~-35 tractor. This plow is 120 centimeters wide. which is 30 centimeters more than the three-blade plow, and has a resistance of 40 kilograms per square decimeter. ?'"Phe switch from a three-blade to a four-blade plow can be readily made at the factory or, in the case of tractors already in use, at any MI5 or state agricultural repair worY.shop.(17) To inerPase agricultural output, workers of the Ihfi (agricultural ecuipment) factory in Rome are striving to increase their production of agricultural equip- went and spare parts. A recent meeting was held in the mechanical section of the factory for the purpose of increasing its production and discovering ma,;or short- comings. It was found that many internal reserves of the factory had been greatly wasted in the post. The factory's production plan wns fulfilled ].64.08 percent during the first quarter cf 1957 and 140.6 percent durinu August 153, Costs de- clined as follows: in April by 7 percent, in May by 10 percent, in June by 12 percen+,, in July by 19 percer;t, and in Aur;ust by 20 percent. As compared with the first quarter of 1953, the average worker's_ 1953, 17 percent in Jul 1 0 ., ~'Y increased 10 percent in June the internal reserves of theJfac`~ory arernow bcin~ utililedJmor~fu].lydicates that The level of production can rise still higher. Pon e%:unnle, the fnetory's machinery was utilized only 98 percent in June, 96 percent in July, and ;1: percent in August. The duty oi' every worker is to use the internal reserves of the fac- tory to the fullest possible c;acnt. o (_,) Workers at the Semanatoarea factory arc ccntinuallv striving to improve the quality of the agricultural machinery which they produce. :;wring August 1953 the cost plan was surpassed by 10 percent, while the production plan was surpassed by 3 percent. These good results were due to fire cauicr.~nt received from the i'SSR, such ns parallel lathes, drills, and (raising and buffing machines. Idew proto- types of agricultural machinery have been censtructeci en t!ac basis of Soviet ad- vanced methods. The first agricultural machirc manufactured by l:he Semanatoarea factory fell far ::hor,, of e::pecta+,ions because of lacl: of e,cricncc? Rowever, improvements w, re made shortly thereater, and tl:e c_uality of machinery improved greatly.(4~) The Stalin tractor factory has also showed excellent results by using its in- ternal reserves to the fullest. By mechanizing the less important steps in the production processes anal by enlarging the supply stocks of the factory, the cost of producing tractors has lx;en reduced by 7 percent.(4G) 'Phe collective of this _ae- .ory pledged to surpass the i,rc;luction iamr by 15 percent, to reduce rejects by 20 percen~ as compared to the first quarter of 1~5~, to reduce costs by 2 pence:.t a5- compared to August, a.nd to save 20,000 lei cn equipment, goods, and materials by 10 (ktaber1953-(30) The collective i:nc also sttu?ted a campaign to maY,e fullest use of every piece o1' equipment. Prom tine material saved in ::his manner, it has been possible to produce 2,!100 pocketknives, 1,3C0 cans, and many other consumer items valued at 30,000 lei. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/14 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700190246-7 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/14 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700190246-7 The smelting section of this same factory held a meeting recently to deter- mine possible measures fur eliminating defects in manufact~~^^ ~.nd for increasing the use of equipment si.ct'ma~lpoxer.(2) Shortly thereafter, an econo~+ school was organized at the Stalin factory. The school operates in the smelling section and offers a course of 27 lessons on the socialist system of production, factory organization, factors determining cost of goods, methods of reducing expenses, ^~ many other topics. Workers have taken a keen interest in, this school and its teachings.(50) The Stalin railroad car and locomotive workshops are engaged in intense prepa- rations for the winter. One Stakhanovite has proposed that the walls of the shop be painted white to increase visibility. Other workers have proposed increased electric lights. Seventy percent of the repairs on the roof of the main locomotive repair shop have been completed. Repairs on furnaces and other equipment of the factory are also progressing according to schedule.(24) The Tehnofrig factory in Clu,~ is one of the lending enterprises of the entire regiune. As a result of the arrival of Soviet machinery, the factory's 1951 pro- duction was 162 percent higher than in 1950 and the 1952 nx?oduction ~+aa 235 percent higher than in 1950. This s;.eans an increased production of ammonia compressors, cream separatcrs, refrigerated storage units, and centrifugal pumps. Over ten dif- ferent types of food-sterilizing and food-preservation machines havr' been perfected. (49) A new oxygen factory has been in operation since 1953 in Rome. Its produc- tion volume is not yet large, but the importance of oxygen to industry as a whole is very great. Many enterprises from Moldova are receiving oxygen from the Roman factory. On 20 September 195} the factory was working on the 28 November 1953' norms.(1) Workers and engineers of the Dinamo electric motor factory in Bucharest ful- filled their norms 113.2 percent during the first quarter of 1953. They subse- quently pledged to complete the work for the second quarter of 1953 by 22 June, to increase ?heir productivity by 5 percent above the norms, and to reduce re~ec+.s by 8 percent. They further pledged to reduce costs by 3 percent and to achieve economies of 100,000 lei.(51) Workers of the Electroceramica factory in Turda are trying to increase their professional and technical level. During 1953 some 82 corkers completed the first- and. second-year courses, and many others are enrolled :n the Stakhanovite school of the factory.(17) The 21 Decembrie brigade of the Eiectromotor factory in Timi- so ar a completed its Five-Year Plan quota in April 1953. The brigade is now work- ing bn its 1956 quotas. Some persons in the brigade have been working or. their 195a norms because they have been usir:g the latest Sovie*. methods. The number of women in Rumania's industries is rising steadily. During 1952 and 1953, a total of 225 women were trained as lathe operators, electricians, orire workers, metalworkers, etc. Also, 33 women are working as shaping machine operators or welders and are surpassing their norms 30 percent, and more than 2C women are employed as skilled polishers.(4k) Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/14 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700190246-7 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/14 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700190246-7 1. Bucharest, Munca, 1 oct 53 2. Ibid., 19 Sep 53 3? Bucharest, Romania Libera, 8 Sen 53 4? Bucharest, Scanteia, 23 Sep 53 5"? Ibid., 21 Apr 53 6. ibid., 17 APr 53 7? Ibid., 23 APr 53 8? Munca, 3 SeP 53 9? Scanteia, 3 Sep 53 lo. Munca, 16 oct 53 11. Munca, 17 Oct 53 12. Ibid., 22 APr 53 13. Munca., 2 Oct 53 14. Scanteia, 24 Apr 53 15? Ibid., 4 Apr 53 16. Thid., 2~ Sep 53 17? , Munca, 14 Oct 53 18: Scanteia, 8 APr 53 19. Ibid., 2 Apr 53 20. Ibid., 9 Sep 53 21. Munca, 6 oct 53 22. Ibid., 9 Oct 53 23? Ibid., 13 Sep 53 24. Ibid., 23 SeP 53 25. Ibid., 10 Sep 53 26. Ibid., 20 Sep 53 27. Scanteia, 5 Sep 53 28. Munca, 17 Sep 53 29? Ibid., 4 Sep 53 30. Scanteis, 17 Sep 53 31. Ibid., 15 Apr 53 32? Munca, 3 Oct 53 33? Scanteia, 10 Apr 53 34? Munca, 5 Sep 53 35? Ibid., 21 Oct 53 36. Ibid., 16 SeP 53 37? Scaoteis, 13 Sep 53 38? Bucharest~Scanteia Tineretului 16 Sep 53 39? Munca~l0 oct 53 40. Scanteia, 10 Sep 53 41. Ibid., 27 SeP 53 42. Munca, 4 Oct 53 43? Scanteia, 20 SeF 53 44. Munca, 2 SeP 53 45? Ibid., 13 oct 53 46. Sranteia, 1C Sep 53 47. Bucharest, Informatia Hucurestiuiui, 8 Sep 48. Munca, 20 Oct 53 49? Ibid., 24 Sep 53 50. rnid., 22 oct 53 51. Scanteie, 9 Apr 53 50X1-HUM Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/14 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700190246-7