PARTY DECREE ON FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE IN LITHUANIAN SSR

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700190098-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 6
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 24, 2011
• Sequence Number: 98
• Publication Date: June 16, 1954
• Content Type: REPORT

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STAT
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r PARTY DECREE ON FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE IN LITHUANIAN SSR
Sovetska;a'Litva
Vil'nyus, 1 -15 Nov 1953
[This report contains information on the decree adopted at the
Seventh Plenum of the Central Committee of the Communist Party
Lithuanian SSR, in session 15-17 October 1953, pursuant to the de-
cree of the September 1953 Plem,m of the Central Committee of the
CPSU 'On Measures for the Further Development of Agriculture in the
USSR.']
On the Present State of Agriculture in the Republic
While agriculture in the rep>>b11c has been equipped with great quantities
of modern machinery due to the solicitude of Harty and state, all the short-
comings noted at the September P'..enum of the Central Committee of the CPSU
apply fully to the Lithuanian 35R. Ir. many kolkhozes and rayons, yields of
groin crops, flax, sugar beets, potatoes, amasses, and other crops remain low.
Production of these crops does not meet the demands of the national economy.
Shortcomings in the development of animal husbandry a-e particularly great.
The number of Seed of livestock, especially of cows, is gro,9ing slowly in kol-
khozes of the republic. Livestock productivity is low, barrenness is extensive,
and losses from plague are great. The fodder base in kolkhozes is inadequate;
too little hay and ensilage and too few fodder roots and potatoes are produced.
Livestock shelters are lacking, labor-consuming processes remain unmechanized,
and care of livestock is poor.
Conditions in sovkhozes are similar to those prevailing in kolkhozes.
Act~ial cost of production in sovkhozes is extremely high.
On Measures for the Further Develo went of Animal Husbandry in the Republic
From 1 January 1951 to 1 September 1953, the number of head of livestock
in kolkhozes of the republic increased as follows: cattle, 2.3-fold; hogs,
2.6-fold; and sheep, 2.5-fold. Progress was also made in poultry raising.
For the republic as a whole, kolkhoz herds contain only 34.3 cows per 100
head of cattle, an unsatisfactory ratio. In 1952, kolkhoz herds of the repub-
lic contained only 8.8 head of cattle per 100 hectares of arable land, meadows,
and pastures, from which yields of 31.4 metric quintals of milk and 5.4 metric
quintals of meat were obtained.
To fulfill the task set by the September Plenum of the Central Committee
of the CPSU for the rapid development of animal husbandry, particularly col-
lectivized animal husbandry, the plenum of the Central Committee of the Com-
munist Party Lithuanian SSR decrees and instructs the appropriate party, state,
and agricultural organs of the republic and it., rayons:
1. To increase in 1954 the number of head of livestock in all agricul-
tural sectors of the republic to the following: cows, 561,000; total number
of cattle, 975,000; hogs, 1,305,000; sheep and goats, 750,000. To increase
the number of head of livestock in kolkhozes (included is the foregoing fig-
ures] to the following: cows, 155,000; total number of cattle, 415,000; hogs,
400,000; sheep and goats, 220,000.
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2. To increase the number of cows in kolkhozes and sovkhozes of the re-
public t~ that required to bring the ratio to 60 cows per 100 head of cattle.
3?, To produce minimum milk yields of 1,500 liters per kolkhoz cow and
3,650 liters per sovkhoz cow.
4. To develop poultry raising in kolkhozes so that in 1954-1955 each kol-
khoz will contain no less than 140 head of poultry per 100 hectares sown to
grain.
5. To make advance payments to kolkhoz workers as outlined by the Sep-
tember Plenum.
6. In 1954, to increase as follows the areas sown to fonder crops in kol-
khozes: perennial grasses under nurse crops to 280,000 hectares; annual grasses
to 124,000 hectares; perennial grasses of former years to 300,000 hectares; en-
silage crops (including maize and sunflowers) to 22,000 hectares; and fodder
root crops to 33,000 hectares.
7. To insure in 1954 the following meadow and pasture improvements on
the indicated number of~hectares~'far the purpose of ra?sing the yie_d oP natu-
ral hay meadows ir. kolkhozes; drainage of meadows and pastures, 30,000; re-
moval of stumps and bushes, 13,000; sowing of fodder cro;,s on only slightly
productive meadows and pastures, 15,J00; and care of meadows and pastures,
150,000.
8. To increase considerably production of fodder and especially ensilage,.
expand the area sown to maize and sunflowers for ensilage purposes, and insure
each kolkhoz and sovkhoz store at least 5-6 metric tons of ensilage per cow.
9? To take measures to insure that in every kolkhoz and sovkhoz silos
are built of sufficient capacity to make passible fulfillment of the plan for
ensilage storage.
10. To increase considerably prop-~uction of potatoes in kolkhozes and sov-
khozes for fodder purposes; to increase the area sown to mangel-Wurzel, turnips,
rape, fodder carrots, serradella, lupine, winter vetch, and fodder cabbage; and
to introduce in kolkhozes and sovkhozes the souring of sugar beets, Jerusalem
artichokes, and Winter i?ye for green livestock fodder.
11. To achieve a considerable increase in the mechanization level of hay
mowing, raking, and ricking, ensilage cutting, sowing and inter-roW cultiva-
tion of ensilage crops and fodder root crops, and straw collecting and stack-
ing.
12: To build, in 1954, animal shelters in kolkhozes of tha republic to
quarter the following number of head of livestock: cattle, 50,000; cslves,
15,000; hogs, 65,000; sheep, 40,000; poultry, 250,000; and chicks, 300,000.
13? To expand animal husbandry in sovkhozes of the republic.
On Increasing Production of Potatoes and Vegetables in Kolkhozea and sovkhozes
Climatic and soil conditions are most favorable for growing potatoes and
vegetables in the republic. Production of these crops should be sharply.in-
creased~..
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The 1953 plan for planting of potatoes in kolkhozea of the republic was
fulfilled 78'.4 percent and that for planting of vegetables 88.3 percent. In
many l ~lkhozes, s^yrotechniques in growing these crops are very unsatisfactory.
In spring .1953, only 2,800 hectares of .potatoes were planted by the checkroom
method.; Growing of vegetable seedlings 3n peat-humus pots is not practiced
in kolkhozea of the republic. The 1953 plan for machine planting of potatoes
by MTS was fulfilled only 20 percent. ?
The plena for planting new orchards and berry patches are not fulfilled
year after year .
Fir the purpose of increasing potato and vegetable production, the plenum
of the Central Committee of the Communist Party Lithuanian SSR decrees and
instructs the appropriate party, state, and agricultural organs of the republic
and its rayons:
1. 'In 1954,'to'increase the areas planted to potatoes and vegetables as
follows:
In kolkhozea: potatoes, to 83,000 hectares; and vegetables; to 7,000
hectares.
In sovkhozes of the Atinistr;; of State Farms: potatoes, to 7,120 hec-
tares; and vegetables, to 990 hectares.
2. In 1954, to obtain the following minimum metric quintal-per-hectare
yields;
In kolkhozea: potatoes, 150; cabbage, 210; cucumbers, 100; tomatoes,
120; onions, 90: carrots, 130; and beets, 150.
In sovkhozes of the Ministry of State Farms: Fotators, 165; cabbage,
210;; cucumbers, 130; tomatoes, 130; onions, 90; carrots, 150; and beets, 150.
3. In 1954, to plant and construct new hotbeds and hothouses-as follows:
In kolkhozea: to plant 52,000 hotbed frames and 7,000 square meters
of hothouses; and to construct ]5,000 new hotbed frames and 3,000 square meters
of nev.hothouaes.
In sovkhozes: to plant 15,500 hotbed frames and 4,000 square meterH
of hothouses .'? .
On Raising the Yield of Grain and Industrial Crops
Kolkhozes aid oovkhozes of the republic have achieved some successes in
grain growing. In 1953, the area sown to wheat, was 98,300 hectares greater
than in 1940. Many kolkhozea and sovkhozes obtaindq of 18-20 metric
quintals per hectare.'
In 1953, the area devoted to sugar beets was 2.5 times as great as in
1940.?.
Despite favorable climatic-and soil conditions, the growing of fiber flax
is unsatisfactory in many rayons.of the republic.
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For the purpose of increasing yield, gross production, and production fors
the market?oP grain and industrial crops, the plenum of the Central Committee
of the. Communist Party Lithuanian SSR decrees and instructs the appropriate
party; state, and agricultural organs of tits republic and its rayons:
.1..
Toyexpand the area devoted to peas
beans
bu
k
,
,
c
wheat, barley and oats.
2.
To increase production of sugar beets.
3.
To increase the area devoted to flan.
4, To take measures to insure that ench kolkhoa and sovkhoz fully supplies
-itself with perennial and annual grass seed of its own growing; in addition, to
organize grass-seed growing for .the market; to insure a perennial grass-seed
harvest of 81,000 metric quintals for sowing in 1954, consisting of 58,000 met-
ric quintals of clover seed and 23,000 metric quintals of gramineoua seed.
On Further Improvement in the Operation of MTS
' In recent years, the number of MTS in the republic and the amount of ma-
chinery in them has increased so as to permit a rise in the level of m^chani-
zation of .field work in'kolkhozes from 18.1 percent ?n 1950 to 56 percent in
1953
In 1953;- various MTS plans were only fulfilled as follows: sowing with
tractor-drawn seeders, 69.7 percent; harvesting by combine 8.
planting of potatoes by machine 21 ~ 5 9 percent;
~ percent; 5a ~ Percent; cultivation of rov crops, 0.6
y.moA3ng 22.7 percent; and ensilage storage, 57.7 percent.
For the purpose of improving the operation of MTS and strengthening their
role in mechanization of all branches of kolkhoz production, the plenum of the
Central Committee of the Communist Party Lithuanian SSR decrees-and instructs
the appropriate party, state, and agricultural organs of the republic and its
rayons:
1. To reorganize the 11 schools of mechanization of the Ministries of?
Agriculture and Procurement and State Farms Lithuanian SSR.
2. In the 1953-1954 fall-winter period, to insure training and retrain-
ing of at aeast'6;000 tractor drivers, combine operators, and other machine
operators.
On Improving Supervision of Agriculture
The'plenam of the'Central Committee of the Communist Party Lithuanian SSR
decrees, and instructs the appropriate party, state; and agricultural organs of
the republic .and its rayons:
1. In 1953, to select from industry and send to hII'S 100 engineers and
mechanics?to.serve as MTS directors, chief engineers, and repair-shop chiefs
and 150 other mechanics and technicians to aid in the mechanization of agri-
culture.
? 2. To retvrn :former MTS workers, new wox'king in industry, to bP15.
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3:' By'the"end bf 1953, to send to MTS for the puroose oP serviag'kolkhozr.s
700 agronomists and zootechniciens wi';h higher or. secondary education and 700
practicaT'(pithout'serondary educati?n).agronomista aAd zootechniciens, freed
ae a result oP reorganizatioa~of the'Miaistry.of pgi`iculture and Procurement and
its local organs.
4. In 1954-195>, to train 1,600 agricultural specialists in agricultural
tekhnikums';
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