PARTY SECRETARY'S REPORT AND PARTY DEGREE ON AGRICULTURE IN THE KIRGIZ SSR

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700190071-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 12
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 24, 2011
• Sequence Number: 71
• Publication Date: June 15, 1954
• Content Type: REPORT

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STAT
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PARTY SECRETARY'S REPORT AND PARTY DECRER ON AGRICULTURE IN TAE IL-[ta ,SR
[Numbers in pnrentheses refer to appended sources.]
SECRETAgY RAZZAKOV'S REPORT
[The following information was token from n summary of the
r=port by I. R. Razzalcov, Secretary, Central Committee of the
Communist Party, Kirgiz SSR, to the Seventh Plenum of the
Central Committee of the Communist Party. Kirgiz SSR, in
session on 9-10 October 1953, Pursuant to the decree of the
September Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU "On
Meas,rres for the Further Development ~f Agriculture in the
USSR."]
Because of the aid of party and government, agriculture in the republic
has reached ~ high level of mechanization. In 1952, tYiis level was as follows
in kolki;ozes of the republic: solving of grain crops, 76 percent; hnrvesting
of grain crops by combine, 75 percent; plowing of swmner fallo~r, 99 percent;
plowing of winter fallow, 98 percent; sowing of cotton, 99 percer.+.; and sowing
of sugar beets, 100 percent.
Productivity and production for the market have .increased considerably.
Production of grain for the market in kolkhozes and sovkhoze~ o: the republic
was 1.6 times r,s great in 1952 as in 1939; meat, almost two times as great;
and milk, 2.3 times ay great. Stag procurement of cotton was more than 1.2
times ns great in 1952 as in 1939. Considerable successes ~.rere achieved in
the production of tobacco and bast, volatile-oil, and medicinal crops.
The indivisible funds of kolkl:ozes ?dere 2.4 times as great in 152 as in
But the shortcomings in the development of agriculture disc.ioseZ ut the
September Plenum of the Central Cortuaittee of the CPSU reply fully to the work
o? party, state, and agricultural orsns of the republic.
From July 1945 to July 1953, progress maue in the animal-husbandry branch
of agricultiue included an increase of 19.5 percent in the number of head of
cattle, 215 percent in the number of sheep and moats, 186.5 percent in the num-
ber of horses, and a threefold increase in the number of hogs.
79,e quality of collectivized livestock herds has also been improved; 28.2
percent of the cattle herds are now composed of purebred or improved cattle,
and 7E.7 percent of the ;heap are fine-wooled cr crossbreeds. Many leading
sovldiozes and kolkhozes have made outstanding progress in increasing livestock
prouuctivity. But the development of animal husbandr?/ throughout the republic
as a whole cannot to consiuered entirely satisfactor,/.
Output of all types of animal products has eseeeded the 1916 volume but
is far behind the level attained in 1929, at which time there was a record
number of livestock in the republic. During the last 3 years, kolkhozes and
sovkhozes of the republic sustained heavy lossas as a result of inadequate
winter quartering of livestock. The consequence was a virtual standstill in
the growth of livestock herds and in aaim^.1 productivity.
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The factors con;:ributing to the extremely slow development of collec-
tivized anlmal husbandry are associated with barrenness in livestock and with
a dearth of females; cows make up only 21.4 percent of the cattle herds.
Kolkhozes of Issyk-Kul'skaya and Dzhalal-Abadskaya oblasts are considerably
understocked with cows. Livestock barrenness in kolkhozes in 1952 extended
to 30.2 percent for cows, 26-28 percent for sheep acid goats, and 48.7 nercent
for mares. The number of animal births in 1953 has been extremely low; up to
1 September, for every 100 females, 66 calves were dropped, 77 lambs, 75 kids,
and 57 foals. If offspring had issued from all of the females, and if these
had lived, the 1953 Flan for the development of animal husbandry would have
been fulfilled.
Animal-husbandry productivity in the collectivized sector of the republic
is also completely inadequate. Improper cure and feeding of livestock has re-
sulted in extremely low milk yields and wool clips. Although the republic is
one of the greatest milk producers in the USSR, the average yie13 per caw in
1952 was only 681 liters of milk.
Despite an eightfold increase in the number of fine-wooled and semifine-
wooled sheep, as ccmpared with 1939, the average wool clip has decreased and
is especially low in kolkhozes of Dzhalal-Abads;;aya and Cshskaya oblasts.
2+1?ary sovkhozes have demonstrated the value of crossbreeding, wh_ch pro-
duces sheep yielding from 600 t~ 800 grams of wool wY,en only one year old.
The unfavorable situation regarding development of animal husbandry in
the republic is caused above all by serious lags in production and procurement
of fodder. Neglect of the fodder base in many rayons and kolkhozes is utterly
intolersble.
Fodder procurement plans are not fulfilled year after year. More thsn
25 percent of the kolkhozes accumulate less than one half of the fodder neces-
sary to cover their needs.
This situation is caused above all by inadequate sowing of grasses and
by low yields of both sown perennial and annual grasses and of the natursl
hay meado?.rs. Plans for sowing of perennial grasses are not fulfilled year
after year; this failure, in turn, is caused entirely by the neglected suite
of seed growing in tha republic.
Fodder production is especially low in lcolkhozes of Tyan'-Shan'skaya,
Issyk-Kul'skaya, and Talasskaya oblasts, where livestock is kept vainly on
pasture.
To correct the situation, it is necessary to improve the growing of per-
ennial-grass seed, expand the area sown to fodder crops, and sharply increase
their yield; it is slso necessary to build silos of cufficient capacity to
assure storage of 5-6 metric tons of ensilage per cow in every Y,olkhoz and
sovkhoz.
No potatoes at all are produced in the republic for use as livestock feed,
although kolkhozes of Issyk-Kul'skaya, Tyan'-Shan'slsayu, and other oblasts
possess the ability to increase potato production for this purpo::e.
There are 450,000 hectares of natursl-hay meadows in the republic. But
because of failure to carry aut measures foi improvement, irri,;ation, and pro-
tection from overgrazing, yield from these meadows does not e:cceed 16 metric
quintals per hectare.
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Available summer and winter pastures have been unsatisfactorily utilized
in +he psst. In recent years, kolkhozes have built roads and trails for
driving livestock to the main summer postures, located on the Syrty Plateau,
in the valley of the Susamyr River, and around Son-Kul' Lake. However, no
reel progress has been made toward full utilization of these pastures, and it
is now necessary to make all remote summer pastures accessible. For full
utilization of summer and winter pastures, it is necessary to build cultural
centers there, including schools, medical-aid stations, bathhouses, stores,
veterinarian stations, as well as livestock, shelters.
Mechanization i.n the production of fodder is lagging seriously in the
republic. 1?15 are not coping with their tasks. Hay mowing; has been mecha-
nized only 26 percent; raking, 20 percent; ataclcing, 3 percent; and ensilage
storage, }~0.5 percent. Electric milking and automatic watering is practiced
in only seven kolkhozes. F7ater supply for livestock is unsatisfactory in
mr~y kolkhozes.
Many serious shortcomings are also tolerated in the procurement of animal
products. The hectare principle, which has completely justified itself, is
violated in the assignment of quotas among holkhozes and in the procurement
of animal products. Such practices militate against the development of larger
livestock herds acrd greater animal productivity.
The hectare principle must be applied to the obligatory delivery of animal
products on the basic of identical quotas for a given administrative region,
to be executed wherever feasible and altered only where soils differ in quality.
The development of animal husbandry has been inhibited m~til recently by
insufficient personal interest on the part of kolkhozes and kolkhoz workers,
who have not been encouraged by the financial prospects held out by that branch
of agriculture. That abnormal situation, however, has now bcen.rectified.
The interest of kolkhozes and kolkhoz workers in animal husbandry has been
stimulated by the recent hike in procurement and purchase prices paid for ani-
mal products. Kollchozes of the republic will receive no less than 31 million
rubles of additional income in 1953 from the sale of milk and meat at the
higher prices.
In view of such help provided by pe_ty and state, kolkhozes are obligated
to reciproca?e with a sharp boost in the output of animal products and a ful-
fillment of procurement and purchase plans.
The status of sovkhoz animal husbandry in the republic is constantly im-
proving, but all sovkhozes have by no means become models of high productivity.
Low output of animal products and poor agricultural harvests are typical of
many of them. Sovkhozes also sell animal products to the state at prices
higher than those set for kolkhozes. Kirgiz sovkhozes should be made to show
a profit within the next 2 or 3 years and to operate without state grants.
Potato and vegetable growing is the most neElected branch of agriculture
in the republic. In recent yee.rs, the area planted to potatoes and vegetables,
yield, and gross harvests have systematically declined. Conse~;uently, the
republic has not fulfilled, year after year, even the small state plans for
procurement of potatoes and vegetables assigned to it. In the past, one reason
for these failures has been the lack of incentive for kolkhozes and kolkhoz
workers to grow these crops. Now, the derr?ee of the Cou:u it of Minis+,_rs USSR
and the Central Committee of thy, CPSU has created the necessary economic stim-
ulus for increased production of potatoes sad vegetables: lower norms and
higher prices for obligatory deliveries to the state, higher prices for pur-
chases by the state, an3 dispensations regarding drain deliveries for those
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tables. pim,. hi - r'..r.,.?""' vi Lneir sown area to potatoes nrd vege-
, gher production of potatoes and vegetables will depend entirely
on the quality of supervision provided by party, state, and agricultural organs.
It is necessary to increase the areas planted to potatoes and vegetables
and to raise yields to 135 metric quintals per hectare for potatoes and 140-175
metric quintals per hectare for vegetables, with the result that gross harvests
of these crops be 5-6 times as great ? years hence as now. The checkrow plant-
ing method shoald be widely employed so as to permit mechanized cultivation
and harvesting. Planning should be improved so as not to permit mechanical,
indiscriminate assignment of potato-and-vegetable-area quotas to all rayons
and kolkhozes; the crops should be concentrated in rayons with the most favor-
able soil and climatic conditions, with special emphasis on l:olkhozes near
cities and industrial centers.
Grnin-sad-oleaginous-crop, cotton, sugar-beet, tobacco, and bast-crop pro-
duction levels reached cannot be considered satisfactory; yields of these crops
obtatred in LolkJiozes are low cad ~znstable. Reasons 1'or low yields are poorly
performed a~rotechniques, including failure to fulfill plans for :olowing of
winter and summer fallow, and delayed sowing, especiaL'y of winter grain crops.
Cotton production in the republic is now greater than in the prewar period.
But the growth has been slow. The state plan for cotton procurement has not
been fulfilled in the last 7 yenx?s.
Sugar-beet production in kolkhozes of Frunzenskaya Oblast has declined.
Despite the f:ct that the area devoted to sugar beets is now almost 1.5 times
as great as in 1940, the gross harvest has become smaller and yiel3 has fallen
to almost one half the 1940 level. Reasons ere poor performance of agrotech-
niques, including almost no application of minero.l and local fertilizers to
the fields, delayed sowing and thinning, inadequate supplemental fertilization,
poor cultivation, and insufficient irrigation.
MPS play nn organizational role in agriculture and are the most important
bases of kolkhoz supervision by the socialist state. Therefore, further devel-
opment of all branches of kolkhoz production depends above all on the tTPS.
Yet, despite their decisive role, there ai?e Brent shcrtcomings in MTS activity,
the greatest of which are unsatisfactory utilization o_' machinery and low qusl-
ity of work performed.
MTS cadres are of low quality. Most tractor drivers and combine operators
are poorly trained; 44 percent of the former and 33 Percent of the latter have
less than 3 years' experience. Cadre turnover is as high as 46.5 percent.
Most DTI'S of the republic have no standard repair shops, fuel bases, sheds,
gauges, clubs, dining rooms, or bathhouses. The state allots ilvids for con-
struction of these facilities in MTS. But in 1952, the construction plan was
fulfilled only 53 percent. A:; of 1 September, the 1953 construction plan had
been itil.filled only 33 percent in the republic as n whole, only 23 percent in
Dzhalal-Abadskaya Oblast, and a mere 17 percent in Talasskaya Oblast.
A most important task is to strengthen the hfI'S with qualified supervisory
cadres. At present, only 14 percent of the MTS directors and 21 percent of the
MPS chief engineers hsve higher education. Almost all repair-shop chiefs have
only elementary education.
The work of the Kirgiz SSR Construction-Assembly'Trust of Sel'elektro
(Rural Electrification has been unsatisfactory; during the last 5 years, it
built only 46 kulkhoz and interkoikhoz GES, instead of the 109 planned. Rural
electrification has made especially poor progress in Dzhalal-Abadskaya Oblast,
where there are only six GFS, and only 13 kolkhozes have been electrified.
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to send to MTS 900 agronomists-andyzootechnicianapbyispring~19541andeensaddl-
tional 400 during the period July-September 1954 so that, by the end of 1954,
a total of 1,625 of these types of specialists x111 be xorking in kolknozes
of the republic.
The principal shortcoming itt the work of the rayon party committees and
rayon executive committees is that they do not delve deeply into the situation
prevailing in each kolkhoz, MTS, and sovkhoz but use a superficial, bureau-
cratic approach in supervising kolknozes, sovkhozes, and MTS. Supervisory
responsibility is not definitely fixed.
The state of affairs may be illustrated by describing the situation in
I:alininskiy Rayon, Frunzenskaya Oblast. In all rayon organizations of Kalinin-
sY.iy Rayon, there are 210 supervisory xorkers, including 72 agricultural spe-
cialists. In th?sirgyon, there are 14 kolknozes and two MTS. Thus, there are
15 supervisory workers, including five agricultural specialists, per kolkhoz.
Of the 14 kolknozes, four are organizationally and economically backward. But
none of the supervisory xorkers of the rayon party and rayon executive comnit-
tees is definitely responsible for any r,f the kolknozes.
The Kollchoz imeni Voroshilov is one of the worst laggards in the rayon;
it regularly fails to fulfill state delivery plans, has very low monetary in-
come, ant does not distribute money or products to its workers for their work-
days.
Tyurekanov, rayon party secretary, and Vedeneyev, chairman of the rayon
executive committee, often visit the kolkhoz but do not stay long. For ex-
a.~ple, on 25 September, +.he fc??mer came but was interested in only how much
cotton the kolkhoz had delivered the previous day. Given the gnawer, he
departed. He has never attended a single party conference and Y.as never
found time to speak to the secretary of the kolkhoz party organization or
the Communists of the ]:olkhoz. None of the rayon supervisory workers has
ever seriously discussed the work of the kolkhoz with its chairman or shown
any interest in his difficulties or needs.
It is necessary militantly to carry out the measures of party and gov-
ernment for the further development of agriculture in the Kirgiz SSR.(1)
[The decree on further development of a~ricrlture in the
Y.irgiz SSR, issued on 10 October 1953 by the Central Committee
of the Communist Party, Kirgiz SSR, contained the following
information not fully identical with that given in the fore-
going report by Z. R. Razzakov.]
On the Present State of A riculture in the Re}r~.blic
The indivisible funds of kolkhozee =ose from 46.7 million rubles ~n
19h0 to 112.3 million rubles in 1952, or were 2.4 times as great ir. 1952
ns in 1940.
During the period from 1939 through 1952, production for the nmr}:et
in kolknozes and sovkhozes of the republic rose as follows: grain, from
193,000 to 317,300 metric tons; meat, from 24,000 to 47,700 metric tons;
grad milk, from 18,600 to 43,600 metric tons. Thus, production of grain
for tan market in kolknozes and sovkhozes of the republic was 1.6 times
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as great in 1952 as in 1940; moot, almost 2 times as great; and milk, 2.3 times
as great. Delivery of rsw cotton to the state was 1.2 times as great in 1952
as in 1939? Yields and
medicinal- Bross harvests of tobacco and bast, volatile-oil, and
Poppy crops became greater during this period.
Livestock increases in the republic from July 1945 to July 1953 included
the following; cattle, 212,000; sheep and goats, 2,641 with a total capacity of 10,530 Icil.o-
watts.
On Improving Supervision of A^riculture
The plenum of the Central %ormmittee of the Commiu;ist Party, Kirgiz SSR,