NINTH PLENUM SPEECH OF STANISLAW KRUPA ON AGRICULTURE, MINING, AND INDUSTRY IN KIELCE WOJEWODZTWO, POLAND

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700180298-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 5
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 6, 2011
• Sequence Number: 298
• Publication Date: May 17, 1954
• Content Type: REPORT

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STAT
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ON AGRICULTURE NSNING AND INDUSTRY IN KIELCE WOJEWODZTWO POLAND
Nowe Drogi
Warsaw, oct 1953
[The following report of Stanislav Krupa, First Secretary of the
Kielce Wo~ewodztwo Committee of the PZPR, was given at the Ninth Plenum
of the KC PZPR (Central Committee of the Polish United Workers' Party),
held in Warsaw on 29-30 October 153.
The report was given at the plenum as an amplification of the fea-
tured report of Premier Boleslaw Bierut, "Task of Party in Struggle
to Raise Standard of Living of 'Workers in Current Phase oP Building
Socialism." An English-language i.ranslation of Bierut's report is
available in the PAP (Polish Press Agency) release of 6 November 1953,
pages 1-44.)
We must admit that up to now our party organizations have shown little in-
terest in raising yields and expanding livestock breeding on individual peasant
farms.
It appears that there are large latent reserves on the small individual
peasant farms of Kielce Wo,jewodztwo which have not yet been exploited because
we have neglected our ,job.
Why does Kielce Wo~ewodztwo produce smaller crops although its soil is as
good as the soil in ot}:er wo,jewodztwos? -- because the land has been divided
into diminutive farms. These small farms cannot properly organize production;
they tend toward the production of spike greii,s; they do not cultivate the soil
properly; they use aamaged seed; and they neglect proper storage oi' manure and
use of fertilizer. Production is also reduced by not sowing at the proper time
and neglecting to cultivate.
Productivi*,y is low because ?ae l,ei?~e not yet, educated tt,e peasant farmer in
modern farming mett,ods. About 40 percent of the peasants still sow by hand,
plow at the wrong time, do not turn under the manure when it is spread, do not
cultivate, and do not fight weds and pests.
Poor soils in forested areas, which t?ke in ?bout 22o villages, are another
reason for low yields per hectare. These lands are good only for afforestation
and the people should be encouraged to resettle in the western areas,
All these reasons, plus neglect in mobilizing tk;,: peasantry, slowed up ag-
ricultural production despite the ,:real possibilities for development. To speed
up crap production, we must show the village by means of films, lectures, train-
ing, and popularization of the achievements of the producers cooperatives and
shockworkers that the level of farm management can be raised.
We must suP1,1y the peasant farms with more machines. To eliminate sowing
by hand in Kielce Wo,jewodztwo entirely, we would need about 4,000 drills or plan-
ters. Because the supply of drills is very small at present, many peasant farm-
ers do not wait for them but do their sowing by hand, especially in the spring.
An increase in the supply of drills and planters will permit row planting, econ-
omiz- on seed, and improve crops.
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To achieve the planned increase in yield of one quintal
our, wo per hectare, we
must increase by at least 30 percent the present allotment of fertilizer for
jewodztwo and supply the village with hand dusters, tools, etc.
The supply of combustion engines and electric motors is inade
suiting in idleness of threshing machines, delays in threshin
The system of neighborly assistance, which has teen disre,;arded a quote, re-
tirel g, and losses.
Y, must be developed in our wojew~dztwo, es lmost en-
which have no horses. Pecially on the 30,000 farms
Increased plant production will enable a quantitative and
ment of the 4ualitative in-
crease in livestock breeding. Inadequate fodder bases have hampered the achieve-
prewar level in cattle in our wojewodztwo. SIxculators have taken
advantage of the shortage o? meat on the market by selling a ma or
young animals at exorbitant prices, In many instances
posely reduced the number of cattle below the j part of the
kulak farmers have pur-
prewar level,
weigh~of marfoaows and milk1 id poor cattle and low milk yields. The average
fodder bases, w Y-elds are most unsatisfactor
e can increase cattle production, improve tike If we increase the
crease milk yields. To achieve this however we 4ualit
chase of breeding stock ir. our woje?aodztwo, ' must in^rease creditsaiorlpur_
to support cattle raising. and also increase the tots! subsidies
At present the powiat presidiums of people's councils have about 1,000 ap_
plications for loans for purchasing cows from peasants who have no cows.
The unfavorable fodder situation in Kielce Woje::c,dztwo is the result of low
yields of foddar crops, small post-harvest crops, and low productivity of mead-
ows and pastures. The 9-percent increase achieved in fodder cultivatioa is not
enough. Production of fodder seed has been left to fate. Up to now, we have
not directed the production of fodder seed nor its propet? distribution. We have
now shown enough interest in the cultivation of corn and in the ex
lupine cultivation. The latter could form the main fodder su
soil areas. By raising fodder production alone, we could increasep~ion of
population b 1 PP1Y in the sandy
Y 5 percent. To speed up agricultural he cattle
Fodder crops, we must increase t}:e budget allocatlonsrinuKielce Wojewodztuo for
the regulation of rivers end improvement of meadows and ~ Peoially in
pastures.
Electrification of villages is one form of state aid to the rural areas.
Kielce Wo,Jeuodztwo shows marked improvement in this respect. Up to 1939, only
1.3 percent of the villa,;es were electrified; at present the percentage is lj.
Nevertheless, we should increase investment outlays for electrification by at
least 50 percent; we should organize an enterprise for the electrification of
agriculture in Kielce 'dojewcdztwo, and at the same time assure ar, increased
supply of materials. The peasants have already su;gested that the
finance the electrification of some villages.
y might help
Let us now turn our atr,ention to producers cooperatives.
Despite the fact that Kielce Wojewodztwo has la;cged behind others in the
organization of producers cooperatives, we have made definite progress as com-
pared with other years. The wojewodztwo organized 155 cooperatives duri
and 1y53, and only 2%~ in the preceding 3 year period. In 26 cooperatives which
have been o ng 1952
perating 2 years, production is satisfactory, As is the case through-
individualupeasantefarmstare yields are hig}-or in producers coope.atives than oh
tives and the cattle populatiion ~Slds have increased in our producers coo
tie is about the same as on Sndividualso increased, although the pera
peasant farms, quality of cat-
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Many cooperatives still lack work organization, discipline, and good manage-
ment. We have not yet overcome the exclusiveness of old cooperatives and their
animosity toward the rest of the village. That is the reason for the small gains
in party membership in many producers cooperatives. The responsib;lity for this
state of affairs can be ascribed to weak political work with the masses by the
party members and members of the cooperatives. It is also due to a lack of po-
litical, technical, and organizational aid from the state MTS, and ineffective
work of the gmina and powiat people's councils. These weaknesses are especially
apparent in the 4U newly organized cooperatives which have not yet become well
established. After organizing the cooperatives, we did not give them political
support, we did not work with the village or with the cooperatives themselves.
We often treated the plow?ng of ,Joint holdings as a purely technical matter,
forgetting that it was also a political problem. This criminal negligence and
inadequate political work in the cooperatives has increased the class enemy's
pressure on the cooperatives.
The wojewodztwo committee is responsible for this state of affairs because
it did not assist the cooperatives and the organizing committees at the proper
time. In many instances, the principle of free wily was violated in organizing
new cooperatives, as in the case of Opatow. Much favoritism was shown to kulaks
and many were placed in administrative position in cooperatives. This was later
eliminated. Many cooperatives had been organized at any price by taking in mem-
bers who had no interest in agriculture such as former merchants, small shop-
keepers, and administrative workers. Obviously there is lack of basic party.
organization in many villages and haphazard, unsystematic work with the indi-
vidual peasant farmer. We must greatly increase our of#Orts in the coming
months.
Now let me say a few words on industrial matters.
We all know that Kielce Wojewodztwo is being transformed from a purely agri-
cultural wojewodztwo to a:n industrial-agricultural wojewodztwo. Proper organiza-
tion of industrial ruw mat.eriul resources is a basic condition ar the development
of the national economy. I am referring c^pecially tc the exploitation of ore
resources in our wojewodztwo. Assays of these deposits have not yet been completed
but the sections nLready examir:ed inriicnte i~srPe reserves of valuable ore.
We have ore mines in operation ~t the moment but the extraction from these
mines has not been large. Althourh ex~sraction is expected to increase 25 per-
cent in 1953, it is not enough compared with the available resources and capa-
bilities. The recent plans provide I'or a six-fold increane in extraction in
1955? Thls can be achieved by modernizing the present mines and opening nevi
ones .
Up to now, we have not exploited the possibilities vt' by-products. Expe-
rience of the Kielce Metal Produets Plants (Zaklsdy 'Wyrouow Metalowych) shows
that the production of consumer goods could be very easily developed by utilizing
scrap. These same possibilities exist in one Ostro?.+iec Metallurgical Ylant
(Huts Ostrowiec), where the expansion of certain divisions could greatly Sn-
crease production of consumer goods.
One of our greatest weaknesses in Harty work is that we have not organized
candidate groups in half r, he vi.Lla;es of the wojewodztwo. The increase in party
membership Ss not adequate. It is true that we had favorable results in the
spring and summer drives. The party is not properly organized in many factories,
which means that the most important divisions have no basic party organization.
.The drive for party membership greatly diminished in the fall months, and our
work witt party activists is not adequate.
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in party work but we have ynotaworkedxwithethemesystematicallyvand conaistentlye
Although we did raise the level of .party xork in the xo~ewodztxo in 1953, there
are still serious shortcomings xhich should become our chief interest in the
near future.
must orkp ssiduouslyZtoicarrytoutpCOmryadetBierut~sap o~re~people's councils
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