RUMANIAN HIGHER EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTES; PARTY TRAINING

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700160438-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 25
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 8, 2011
• Sequence Number: 438
• Publication Date: March 12, 1954
• Content Type: REPORT

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HOW Scientific -Medical, research, institutes DATE DIST. /~ Mar 1954
PUBLISHED Daily newspapers, monthly periodicals, book
WHERE
PUBLISHED
DATE
PUBLISHED 1938-30 Sep 1953
LANGUAGE Rumanian, French
CLASSIFICATION CONFIDENTIAL
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY REPORT
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS CD NO.
Rumania? DATE OF
Political - Party training, schools, universitieslNFORMATION 1938, 1953
Economic -Manpower, training, institutes
50X1-HUM
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT N0.
RUMANIAN RIGHER EDIICATIONAL SCIENTIFIC I2ISTITUT'FS; PAP.TY TRAINIIIG
~ummary. The following report provides information on the
history of Rumanian higher educational and scientific institutes,
and on present higher agricultural, economic, scientific, and medi-
cal institutes, intermediate trade schools, and the Rumanian
Workers Party education system. The information vas gathered from
newspapers, periodicals, and books published in Bucharest, and
from a French scientific periodical. Approximately 150 of the
principal Rumanian researek~ and educational institutes and schools
are covered..
In the Rumanian press, reports cn agricultural training show
that agricultural institutes have not contributed adequately tniined
specialists or useful rescarct: in the country's effort to overcome
a cY~ronic food shortage. The higher economic institutes develop
and plan the manufacture of new products in various industrial
fields, and train specialists. They contribute engineers needed
for the industrial expansion called for by the Five-Year Plan.
The polytechnic and other higher scientific institutes train engi-
neers and specialists and carry on research for industry, as~for
example, in the development of special steels. The higher medical
institutes train personnel, fight discuses, and treat patients,
The Institute of Inframicrobiolo~, for example, has eradicated
the "old erroneous concepts in science" and has substituted Soviet
concepts. The technical trade schools provide the country with
skilled manpower in'all Yields of industry. They are organized
under the labor reserve system, the Ministry of Education, sad in-
dividual ministries. The party schools are streamlined and are
given more specific tasks by a decree of the Centel Committee of
the Rumanian Workers Party.
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This is the first time that Rumanian official sources have
permitted the publication of data offering an over-all picture of
.the expansion of education and research under the present regime.
Numbers in parentheses refer to appended sources
I. ffiSTORY OF RUMANIAN ffiGHER INSTITUTES
In 193II, Rumania had the following higher educational institutes:
1, Universities in Bucharest, Cernauti, Cluj, and Iasi, each Witt: a de-
partment of law, a department of letters and philosophy, a department of the-
ology, a department of science, a department of htmian and veterinary medicine,
and a department of pharmacy.
_. Polytechnic institutes in Bucharest and Timisoara.
3- An Academy of Architecture in Bucharest.
4. Academies of fine arts in Bucharest and Iasi.
5. Acndemir_s of music. and drar?ntic arts in Bucharest, Cernauti, Cluj,
and Iasi .
6. Agronomic, academies in Bucharest and Cluj.
The University of Znsi was fotmded in 1360, the University cf Bucharest
in 1964.
A Rumanian law of 31 Augttst 1863 drew up n detailed l+lan for the organ-
ization of modern higher scientific schools. On 4 December 1855, the School
of Simple Surgery, with nn errollnent of 50 students, was innttgurated in con-
nection with the military t:osnltal of the Mihai Vodn (Prince Michael) Monas-
tery. In 1857, this became tt;e School of Medicine and Pharmacy. In 1959, n
schcol for boarding grad day students was set up at the civil hospital of the
Eforie Hospital Foundation in Bucharest. These various schools were combined
to form the Faculty of 1?ledicine in 180}~. The Faculty of Medicine had the
follcMing departments: histolory, human and comparative nhysiolo~ry, medical
and physical chemistry, surgical chemistry, prosthesis and bone-settin;;
equipment, Rencral pathology and therapeutics, clinir_al and applied thera-
peutics, theoretical obstetrics, childbirth and infant care~nnd hyi?iene and
legal medicine. Tn addition, there were courses in botany, zoology, materia
medics, and formulas. There were also clinics in child cure, ophthalmology,
syphil ology, and dermiatology.
Tae Faculty of Eedicine also ir:cluded a department cf pharmacy and a higher
veterinary school to trnin r_ivil and military veterinarians, T'ne medical faculty
granted the de5ree of Doctor of Medicine. Tne department of pharmacy and the
veterinary sd:ool Save diplomas.
I}nother scientific institute, Lhe Faculty of Physical Sciences, Mathe-
mat:ics, and Natural Sciences, had the following departments: introduction to
cnictrlus, higher algebra, differential and integral calculus, elementary and
rational mechanics, descriptive geometry, theoretical geodesy, nstronortq~, line,:l
topography and topographical drawing, physics, general chemistry, mineralogy and
geol.oEy, zoology, physiology, and botany. Engineering and forestry schools were
later added. This faculty eventually became the Polyter_hnic School in Bucharest.
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The Pantelimion Agricultural Institute, formed in 1832 by Stirbei Voda,
became the AcadealY of Higher Agronomic Studies. The academy offered the
following fields of study: elements of physics, chemistry, mineralogy and
geology, agricultural meteorology, rural engineering, rural constructions and
surveying, botany, forestry, gardening, apiculture, sericulture, agricultural
accounting, animal husbandry, and rural economics. In 1867, the course in
forestry was expanded to form the Central School of Agriculture and Forestry.
This school was moved to Herastrau in 1868. Similar institutions were es-
tablished 2n Chisinau and Clu,3 at the time of the agricultural reforms.
The law of 1864 establishing the University of Bucharest provided for an
elective rector. In 1884, the University took over the School of Theology, but
this unification was not officially recognized until 1896.
Prior to 1886, students could register at the School of Medicine even if
they had not completed the lyceum. A law of 1886 forbade the school to admit
nongraduates and provided that only students who had previously completed the
lyceum could be granted the degree of Doctor of Medicine upon graduation from
the School of Medicine. In 1887, tl~rc^ departments were added: a surgical
ci.inic, an experimental and bacter:iolo~ical pathology laboratory under Victor
Babes, and a medical clinic. In 190, the Institute of Surgery was formed.(1)
1n 1872, a Frendi medical doctor, Charles Davila (later General Davila),
was entrusted with the organization of the Faculty of Medicine in Bucharest by
King Charles I. Davila at the same time organized the military health service.
He set up a library, laboratories, and classrooms in old buildings made availa-
ble to him. The curriculum which he prepared was very advanced for that time,
particularly in hygiene and prophylaxis. During the war of 1?377-1878, he organ-
ized ambulances for the rapid evacuation of the wounded. Davila died in 1884.
Assaki (SY~u) who followed Davila, was the first Rumanian surgeon of the
Pasteur era. Assaki had been professor of clinical surgery at Lille, France,
before being called to Bucharest. He brought about a revolution in Rumanian
medicine through the introduction of antisepsis and asepsis in surgery. He per-
formed outstanding researci~ on the regeneration of severed nerves.
The work of AssaY.i was carried on by Thomas Jonnesco, one-time professor of
anntosq~ at the Faculty of Medicine in Paris. Jonnesco collaborated with Prof
Paul Poirier in a treatise on anatomy. He was one of the first to employ surgery
of the cervical sympathetic nerve and intra-rachidian surgery.
His pupil Jurava (fnu) demonstrated his ability as an anatomist by publish-
ing Les Quinze Lecons d'Anatomie (The Fifteen Lessons of Anato~gy), which served
as a text for an entire generation. Next came licrescu (f'nu), pupil of Cuyon
(fnu) at the Necker Hospital medical school. He became the first holder of the
newly created chair in urology.
Jean Cantacuzino, of the Pasteur Institute in Paris, came to Bucharest to
occupy the chair in experimental medicine. He became Rumanian Minister of Health
and enforced the use of curative and preventive vaccines. ThanY.s to him, Rumania
was the first country after France to use the Calmetter-Guerin vaccine against
tuberculosis in children.
During World War I, France sent a military mission headed by General
Berthelot (fnu), and including Clunet (fnu) and Iluri'raiche (fnu). The last two
named perished in the fight against exanthematic typhus.
In clinical medicine were Marcovici (fnu) and Cnlinderu (fnu), both trained
in Paris; Stoicescu (fnu) and Buicliu (fnu). Cornil (fnu) and Victor Babes were
early researchers in bacteriology. The latter was founder of anatomical pa-
thology and bacteriology in Rumania. The present Babes Institute in Bucharest
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bears his name and has continued his studies. The antirabies institute foundc.cl
by Babes was the first in Eastern Europe. Lanceraux (fnu) and Paulescu (fnu)
were among the first to study endocrine glands. Pierre Marie end Marinescu
(fhu) published early works on nerve cells and diseases of tt:e nervous system
Marinescu was the founder of the School of N=urology in Bucharest. Other early
researchers were Poirier, Tomas Jonescu, Dastre (fnu), anc] Florescu (fnu).
Professor Guiart (fnu) of Lyon was called to take the chair in history of medi-
cine when the University of Cluj was founded. Prof A. Boi.vin of Strasbourg be-
came the first holder of the chair in biochemistry at Cluj.
Before World War I, the Rumsnian schools of medicine enjoyed such prestif,a
that students came frau Hungary, Greece, Turkey, Bulgaria, and Serbia to take
courses in Bucharest, Cluj, Iasi, and Timisonra.(2)
A lau of 1894 provided for the organization of national professional soc;e-
ties in Rumania, The Engineering Society was the first to be organized in lsy4.
The 15 others, in chronological order, are as follows: Geological Society, 1906;
Geometry and Building Society, 190; Architectural Society, 1921; Chemical So-
cir_ty, 1921, Accounting Society, 1921.; Legal Society, 1921; Forestry Society,
1923; Veterina__y Society, 1926; Society of Agricultunil Engineers, 1927; Techni-
cal Military Society, 1932; Statistical Society, 1932; Cooperative Accountants
and Employees Sc+ciety, 1932; Medical Society, 1933; Pharmaceutical Society, 1~~;3;
ccnd Educationzl Socicty.(1) -
II. HIGID:R EDUCATIONAL I115TITUTIONS
1. Prof Avrum Bunaciu is rector of the C.I. Parhon University in Bucha-
rest. Re welcomed incoming students and received guests in the rooms of the de-
partment of jurisprudence on 14 September 1953.(3) The university is now offer-
ing a new 3-year specialized course with majors in quantum mechanics, hydro-
mechanics, differential geometry, physical chemistry, inorganic chemistry, or_
~;anic chemistry, phytopatl:ology, strntigraphy, history of the RPR (Republica
Populara Romann, Rumanian People's Republic), bases of Marxism-Leninism, dia-
lectic and historical materialism, political econos~y, Rumzmian language, and
R:m4:nian liternture.(1+)
The university alas also announced the opening of a neu special dcpnr,:-
ment for workers (I?'ncultaten muncitorensca). The department will have 770
students from industrial enterprises, collectives, small farms, etc. It pre-
pares students for technical institutes and social science departments. The
curriculum covers 2 years.(5)
The department of journalism was set up in 1952 to train newspapermen.
I:idividual courses, covering theory, practice, and Communist ideology, are as
follows: journalistic theory and practice, Marxism-Leninism, political econoc{y,
dialectic materialism, history, Rumanian and world literature, foreign lnr:guagec,
geography, diplomatic history, native art, shorthand, etc. Graduates, upon com-
pletion of the regular 4-yEar course, have one year of on-the-job training and
then take the state examination. They are subsequently assigned to daily news-
papers, press agencies, or radio stations. A candidate for the department of
journalism must present the following records at registration: nn explanation
of wi:y he wishes to study journalism and an intermediate school diploma
(Certificatul de absolvire a scolii media) or baccalaureate degree. Graduates
of intermediate technical and intermediate technical trade schools under the
Aiinistry of Public Education, as well as graduates of pedagogical schools in the
classes of 1951, 1952, or 1953, must present proof of qualifications for higher
education. A candidate must also submit a certificate from the people's council
of the locality in which his parents or guardians reside (certificatul de tip
cliberat de sfatul popular), a receipt for the 5-lei admission tax, and two 6 x 9
centimeter photographs.(6)
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The mathematics any physics department of the C.I. Parhon University
is scheduled to hold entrance examinations for evening course candidates on
25 September. The evening curriculum covers 5 years.(7) The mathematics and
physics, ,jurisprudence, and philology departments offer correspondence courses.(8)
Faculty members of the department of geology and geography spent their 1953
vacations gathering mineral samples. During the vacation, the departmental
library obtained many new books and the laboratories acquired new equipment.(9)
The department of biology is carrying on research at Lake Snagov to determine
why the fish of the lake are decreasing in number and becoming less edible.(10)
State awards to faculty members for the 1952-1953 academic year were as
follows: The Order of Labor (Ordinal Muncii), Class I-a, was awarded to pro-
fessors Gheorghe Calinescu, I.G. Murgulescu, and Simion Stoilov. The Order of
Labor, Class II-a, was awarded to professors Gheorghe Murgeanu and Nicolae
Snlageanu. The Order of Labor, Class III-a, was awarded to professors
Militaiade Filipescu, Dumitru Macrea, and Gheor~e Vranceanu. Those earning the
Medal of Labor (Medalia Muncii) were laboratory technicians Carolina Frantz and
Gheorghe Gnman, and professors Ion Ionascu, Gheorghe Mihoc, Adriana Murgoci, and
Ewgen Stanescu.(11)
2 The Victor Babes University in Cluj registered 1,000 more students in
1953 than in 1952- It offered 25 Percent more scholarships in 1953? The class-
rooms, the dispensary, and the heating plat+t were repaired during the vacation.
Equipment in the chemistry and natural sciences laboratories was brought up to
3atc. The university's 13 libraries acquired 1,900 new booY.s and numerous sut-
scriptions to specialized periodicals and newspapers.
The Victor Bcbes University is opening n new special department for
workers. Students will be selected from industrial enterprises.(12) Entrance
examinations for evening and correspondence courses in the mathematics and physics
department were announced for 4 October 1953 by the Ministry of Higher Edu-
cation.(13) The departments of natural science and ,jurisprudence also announced
correspondence courses.(8)
The following state prizes were awarded to faculty members of the
V. Babes University: Order of Labor, Class I-a, Prof Raluca Ripan; Order of
Labor, Class II-s, professors Teodor Angheluta and Tiberiu Popovici; Medal of
Labor, professors Gheorghe Cnlugnrcanu and Dumitru Iacob, and laboratory tech-
nician Sabin Tolan.(11)
3? The Bolyai University in Cluj is now offering a 3-year specialized
curriculum with majors in Hungarian 1"anguage and Hungarian literature.(h) The
mathematics and physics and the natural sciences departments of the university
are offering correspondence courses.(8)
The following members of the Bolyai faculty were awarded the Medal o?
Labor for t1+e 1952-1953 academic year: professors Ernest Gall, Tihomir Lnslo,
and Zoltan ToroY..(17.)
~+. The Alex. I. Cuza University in Iasi is offering a new 3-year curriculum
with majors in the theory of relativity, algebra, geometry, differential and in-
tegral calculus, organic chemistry, zoology of invertebrates, animal physiology,
and physical geography.(4) The mathematics and physics department offers evening
and correspondence courses.(13)
The following state prizes were awarded to faculty members of the Alex.
I, Cuza University: Order of Labor, Class II-n, Prof Octnv t4eyer; Order of Labor,
Class III-a, professors Ion Creanga, Constantin Gheorghiu, and Stefan Precopiu;
Medal of Labor, Lecturer Mihai Teodosia.(11)
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CONFIDENTIAL
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5. The Two-Year Pedagogical Institute (Institutul Pedagogic de 2 ani)
in Bucharest announced that it would hold entrance examinations. The exami-
nations are open to graduates of existing lyceums, intermediate technical
schools, and intermediate technical trade schools. In addition, graduates of
former theoretical, industrial, and commercial lyceums, and of former normal
schools will be admitted. Graduates of intermediate technical trade schools,
intermediate trade schools, and pedagogical schools in the classes of 1950,
1951, 1952, and 1953 can be admitted upon receipt of notification from their
schools.
Registration is carried out by individual departments and sPr.tions of
the institute. A candidate must fill out and submit a registration form (declaratie
tip de inscriere) between 1 July and 14 August 1953? This form must be nccompa-
n~.ed by a birth certificate (extrasul de nastere) and a certificate of citizen-
ship (Certificat de Cetatenie). In addition, an older graduate ~f a pre-
Communist-regime schoo~ must enclose his degree (Diploma de bacalaureat) or
diploma (Certificatul de absolvire). A graduate of an intermediate technical,
an intermediate technical trade, or a pedagogical school in the class of 1951,
1.952, or 1953 must enclose a certificate (dovada de repartizare) stating that
he is qualified for higher education. A candidate must also enclose a certifi-
cate from the people's council 'of the locality in which his parents or guardi-
ans reside. In addition, a certificate of authorization (ccrtificat ,judiciary
from the parents or guardians is necessary. A health certificate (Certificat
de sanatate) must be obtained from the student polyclinic or from the health
service. This certificate is drawn up by the Ministry of Health and shows that
the student has no diseases which will prevent his taking courses. Finally,
the student must have a receipt for the 5-lei admission tax and two b by 9 centi-
meter photographs.(14)
Correspondence courses are offered by the Patural Sciences-Geography
Section of the institute.(8)
6. More than 14,000 professors and teachers of the Hungarian Autonomous
Regiune are taking courses for teachers in Targu-Mures, Miercurea-Ciuc, and
Sfantul Gheorghe. Courses began on 7 July. Directors of 7-year schools and
professors in various specialized fields are taking courses in Targu-Mures.
Courses include political conferences, general teaching conferences and seminars
and conferences on natural sciences, physics, mathematics, and geography.
Courses are being offered for Russian language professors aid teachers in 4-year
schools in Miercurealauc and Sfantul Cheorghe. In addition, 1:2 professors and
teachers from the Hungarian Autonomous Regiune have been sent to Cluj to study
Hungarian language and literature.(15)
7. Prof Dumitru Dinieu of the Ciprinn Parumbescu Conservatory was awarded
the Order of Labor, Class II-n, for the 1952-1953 academic yenr.(11)
f3. The Gheorghe Dima Conservatory of t?fusic is located in Clu,j.(16)
9. The Institute of Architecture in Bucharest offers various courses of
specialization in architecture.(4)
10. The Ion Mincu Institute of Architecture in Bucharest advertised its
urgent need for coo}:s, purchasers, and warehousemen.(17)
11. The Ion Andreescu Institute of Plastic Arts is located in Clu,j.(16)
12. The Institute of Higher Education in Cluj has been aided by the city
people's council in obtaining more housing.(12)
13. The Institute of Foreign Languages in Bucharest offers correspondence
courses in English, French, and German.(8)
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C OIJ r'IDL'NTI:1L
14, The Institute of Linguistics of the Academy of the RPR is located in
Bucharest. Assistant director is Prof Dimitrie Macrea.(18)
15. The :institute of Physical Culture and Sport in Bucharest is one of th::
higher educational institutions offering correspondence courses.(8)
16. The Szentgyorgyi Tstvar, Institute of the Theater is in C1u,j.(16)
Une of its faculty members, Prof Stefan Braborescu, received the Order of Labor,
Class III ?a, for his achievements during the 1952-1953 academic ycar.(11)
i7. Entrance examina*.fons Tor evening nn,i correspondence courses in
Russian lnntniage and llteratur^_ at the Mar.im Cora Institute in Bucharest were
announced by the linistry of Higher Eduention.(13)
Agricaitural training in thr. RPS i:; grnvuled by institutes, intermediate
agricultural schoois, and trade schools.(19) In 1940, the country had three
departments of agrono*gy and one department of ve.tcrir,ary medicine, with n total
of FGO srrdents. In 1953, the corm try has i5 departments of ngrenory, with
upprc>a m_u?1?i 7.500 at~rdec*.~. in six u.^.':v.~rsities.(20) There r.re ?3 intermedi-
ate agricultural schoois nttcn,ied by more than 29,000 students. In addition,
162 schools and courses train tm additional 22,000 students to be tractor men,
brigrde chiefs, agriculturrl n.^,erts, and specialists in ve,etnble and grape
rc+ising.ll9) the more advanced schools turn out specialists in agricultural
mechanlzar,for,, ngronor,~y, animal husbandry, agricultural improvements, forestry,
viniculture, -+nd horticulture (21) The 9? intermediate agricultural schools are
under the Directorate of Education (Directin invatrucrm tului) in the Ministry of
Agriculture. Of these schoois, 27 specialize in one field of nrriculture; 15 in
animal husbandry, 8 in veterinary medicine, G in viniculture, etc. ~i~. The
specialized schools are attended by more than 21,000 students.(22) In addition,
the country has 27 agricultural erperimental stationz;.(23)
Assistant Minister of A.^,ricu].ture C. Enc, ]n a recent analysis of the ai;ri-
cultura] training situation, declt:red that these schools were not fulfillen;;
their duties adequately. H^ declared that agriculturaa education is unsutis-
factory. in his analysis, he stated that agriculture h^.s remained behind other
fields in the general dev_lorrrcut of the R+ur_mi~~n eeoconp~. Tile increased need
for agric?ult.ural products has created n need for mobilizi.rg farm workers to in
encase rl;cir per hectare oroductlon of crops' and to raise the productivity of
animals. Technicians and trained workers must have an irportant role in the
fight to liquidate this lar,. Consequently, the state has devoted a great deal
of attention to the training of ngr?iculturul specialists.
Ilowwer, he continued that, agricultural education as a whole has not met
this need. Teachers are not well nrennred. Graduates of some intermediate agri-
cnltur_:1 schools show poor training wt;en takinr, examia_ticns for entrance to
higher educational institutions. Numerous errors have also been made in scien
tific research ~? agrf.culture. 7nstitutcs of hi;,her education, as well ns ir.-
tennediate agricultural institutes. have not fulfilled their research potential.
They h^.ve not devoted their attention to res^arch fields rclate3 to the present.
need for more food and ether faun commodities. Too few students engage in re-
scnrch. Institutes do not take advantage of local Lgriculturnl enterprises to
givr_ their students practical eeperienec in the use of machinery. Schools do not
have enoup~+ classroom space. He stated that one possible solution is the a xten-
siou of agricultural courses in institutes of higher education to 5 ycars.(24)
1. TY.e N. Bnlcescu Agronomic Institute (Instituurl Agronomic "N. Balcescu")
in Bucharest is one of the most important agricultural institutes in the coun-
try.(20) tt specializes.particularly in pedoloey, general agriculture, genetics
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and plant improvement, vlniculture, nutrition of domestic animals, and con-
tagious diseases of domestic animals.(4) It has a department of agricultural
mechanization (13), a department of zoology, and a department of agriculture.~25)
Despite its i,.~portant position, however, the institute has been operating in-
efficiently. Improvement has been seen in the work of the professors of machine
repair, fruit culture, and vegetable culture. However, the department of agri-
culture, animal husbandry, mechanization, and veterinary medicine have no over-
all plan for operations or scientific research. For example., the department of
veterinary medicine devoted its research to minor topics which could contribute
nothing to the progress of Rumanian agriculture. Research on forestry improve-
ment, under Prof I.M. Gheorghiu, the study of socialist agricultural enterprise,
under department head Prof S. V~etba, and other fields have not been directec
toward aiding the national economy.
Other department heads have also failed to apply their research plan,
delegating supervision of research to lecturers. Disciplinary cases have arisen
In the following departments: general agriculture, animal hygiene, veterinary
patnclogy, and reproduction and artificial insemination. The activities of
Prof Gh. Stefanescu, who holds the chair in small animal husbandry, and of the
professors of large animal husbandry, animal nutrition, and botany have not been
satisfactory. Prof D. Bernaz, who holds the chair in viniculture, and Prof
A. Moroni, who holds thr_ chair in aCricultural ck3chinery and is at the same time
nrorec*_or, must improve their cork. The faculty is poor from the point of view
of publications. The 14 student science clubs, with a membership of 350, have
suffered from poor direction. '
in 1952, the institute started a 3-year course in the training of
teachers for Higher educational and scientific institutes. Tk~e curriculum,
which was taken by nine candidates, offered genetics, pedology, viniculture, and
botany. The program proved to be unsatisfactory, however.
The Ministry of State Farms has tried to assist the institute by pro-
viding transportation and the opportunity to visit farms for research purposes.
however, the institute did not take sufficient advantage of this aid to give its
students practical experience. T'ne institute as a whole failed to aid the prog-
ress of agriculture, a field in which the state has made such great investments.
(~0)
2. The Institute of lk,ronomic Research (Institutul de Cercetari Agro-
nomics) in Bucharest is headed by Traian Sawlescu, chairman of the Acadertp~ of
the RPR. The institute tests the use of Soviet methods in Rumania and works
with experimental stations.(26)
3. A nex Agricultural-Veterinary Institute (Znstitutul agro-veterinary las
been set up in Bucharest. It will have seven departments and 3,000 students.(21)
4. The Agronomic Znstitute in Club has done much to train students in agri-
cultural practice and theory. The institute has two outstanding researchers,
Rudolf Pn]ocsny and Iona Pnna.(11) Fruit and grape researchers under Palocsay
are studying the possibility of raising citrus fruit i.n Clu~.(10) Other re-
search is in progress on the protection of plants (1+), development of improved
varieties of grains, and the transformation of winter wheat into spring wheat.(10)
Prof Andrei Laznny of the institute was awarded the Order of Labor, Class
III-a.(11)
5. The Agronomic Institute of Craiova was fo,u~ded by the present regime.
This institute prepares hundreds of students to become technicians on agri-
cultural machinery, agronomic specialists, agricultural engineers, etc. The
Institute has two departments, the department of agronomy and the department cf
agricultural machinery. Students lecture and obtain experience at state farms
and MTS. They experiment with Soviet agricultural methods and try to acclisate
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various plants to the Rumanian soil and climate at the institute's experimental
farm in Cotofenii-din-Fata.(26) Prof Alexandru Buia of the institute- was awarded
the Medal of Labor.(11)
6. The Agronomic Zrstitute in Iasi l~eked classroom space, yet spent only
40 percent of its building fund.(21) Outstanding faculty members are Prof
Nicolae Bucur, who uas awarded the Medal of Labc: (11), and Prof Dumitru Rosca.
(27)
7? The Institute of Forestry in Stalin has a department of forest culture
and a department of forestry improvement. (4,25)
$. Intermediate technical agricultural schools (scolile media tehnice)
each as those in Gaesti, Medics, Turda, and Valea Cnlugareasca train agrono-
mists, animal husbandry expert,, mechanics, horticulturists, etc. Most of these
schools have experimental Tams. Sibiu has four schools of this type; however,
none has Its own farm. The Intemediate School of Agricultural Mechanization i.n
Slating has no land. The Intemediate Animal husbandry School in Valenti-de-
Munte has been operating without a fam for 2 years. Another problem is the fact
that teachers are not adequately prepared, particularly in schools in Alba-Zulia,
Giurgiu, and Strehain. In addition, only 1;0 of the 190 c~anuals needed for these
schools have been published.(22) The Intermediate Animal Ifusbandry School in
Radauti and the Intermediate School of Agricultural Mechanization in Filipesti-
Tarp lack experimental farms and Food teachers.(19) Graduate, of the Inter-
mediate Antmal Husbandry School in Roman have received vciy poor marks in the
state examination for entrance to hii+J~er educational institutions. As a partial
remedy to this situation, the Intemediate Animal Ifusbandry Schools in Roman .nd
Turda will be given new buildinrs.(21+) however, the Directorate of Education
under the Ministry of Agriculture has done little to remedy the situation in
these schools.(19)
IV. HIGIiER ECONOMIC INSTITUTES
1. The ASIT (Asociatia Stiintifica n Zngcnierilor si Tehnicienilor, Scien-
tific Association of Engineers and Technicians) supports the various branches of
industry in the solution of production problems, particularly through conferences.
trice-chairman of the association is Prof End Stefan Balan; first secretary is
Olivia Russu, university lecturer. Since the beginning of 1952, the Central
Council of the ASIT has been organizing conferences on important production prob-
lems In collaboration with the industrial ministries. These conferences have
dealt with the application. of Soviet scientific and engineering methods in the
RPR. Various conferences have discussed coal, the production of steel from
nodular graphite, the reduction of rejects in steel, the problem of fats in the
RPR, the improvement of dyestuffs, etc.
A conference held in Taegu-Mures was devoted to a discussion of losses
in the sugar industry. The conference determined that more rapid handling and
storage of sugar and a decrease in the so-called "undetemined" factors causing
losses would solve the situation. Another conference under the auspices of the
Ministry of Constructions and Construction Materials Industry discussed methods
of cuttinE building costs through better planning. Thic was debated with repre-
sentatives of the punning commissions and the State Committee for Architecture
and Constructions. Conferences were held at Hunedoara to discuss the reduction
of waste materials in furnaces. The Ministry of Chemical Industry submitted to
an ASIT conference suggestions for expanding the production of synthetic fats in
order to release animal and vegetable fats for food use. One conference studied
substitutes for vegetable oils in the manufacture of varnishes and lacquers. As
a consequence, the Ministry of Chemicsl Industry studied end nroduced fatty acids
through the oxidation of paraffins.
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CONFIDEIITIAL
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The dye industry held n conference in Stalin to discuss the quality of
dyes. Another conference was devoted to the cotton industry. A conference
discussed methods for reducing the transportation cycle. The cyclic graph method
in coal mining was debated in the Vales Jiului coal fields. As a result of one
ASIT conference, the Institute of Metallurgy of the RPR Academy carried out suc-
cessflzl experiments with nodular graphite in the preparation of compressed iron.
(28)
2. Rumanian light industry is particularly aided by two important institutes.
They are the Planning Institute for Light Industry (Institutul de Proiecatari ul
Industriei Usoare) and the Institute for Textile, Hides, and Rubber Research
(Institutul de Cercetari Textile, Pielarie si Cauciuc). In addition, institutes
and research collectives of the Academy of the RPR have contributed to the devel-
opment of new varieties of consumer goods, including plastics, dyes, rubber items,
etc. The development of light industry has also been aided by conferences organ-
ized in various branches of light industry by the ASIT.(16)
The founding of the Planning Institute for Light Industry, in 1950, wss
occasioned by the need for standardization and expansion in existing enterprises
in light industry. The institute draws up plans for new factories for textiles,
footwear, glass, porcelain, and rubber, and supervises expansion of existing
plants. It makes use of Soviet calculating methods, nonas, and concepts in archi-
tecture and planning. In addition, the institute has received direct support
through the collaboration of Soviet planners, technicimrs, technologists, hy-
drologists, builders, power specialists, fitters, sewage and water supply ex-
perts, and machine planners. The USSR has supplied the institute with plans for
cotton and artificial fiber mills. As a result of this collaboration, txo large
pro,jecta -- n rubber combine and a textile combine -- were planned by the State
Architectural Cormaittee in 1953? In the past 12 months, the institute has drawn
up 880 plans, including those for a new spare parts factory in Satu-Mare, a file
pipe factory in Turcia, a cotton processing mill, a shoe factory, n dish plarit,
e tr. Tn addition, plans were formulated for the modernizing of two cotton spin-
ning mills, a sugar beet factory, etc.
Future plans call for greater emphasis on consumer goods production.(28)
3. The Institute for Textile, Hides, and Rubber Research was also founded in
1950. It has developed new processes for use in current production of light in-
dustrial items. For example, it developed a method of producing automobile fire
cord from viscose instead oi' cotton, thus obviating the necessity for importing
high grade cotton. Tires made by this method are superior to the old cotton cozti
tirPS. The institute developed a method for the rapid staining of lFather.. This
cut tl~e amount of tannin needed. The institute has also developed new glues, new.
textile machines, tanning materials, etc.(lo')
4. The Institute for Textile, Hides, and Rubber Research has collaborated with
the Institute of Light Industry in Iasi in studying the properties of fibers. It
has also worked with the Institute of Agronomic Research to the improvement of
animal fibers and in investigating the raising of abutilen, F:^naf, yuccn,.hemp,,
ramie, and flax.(16)
5. The geological committee of the Institute for Research and Testing of Con-
struction Materials (Institutul de Cercetari si incercnri de materiale de con-
structie) has been active in the location and exploitation of deposits of z?aw
materials for the ceramics and glass industries of the tinistry of Light Industry.
It is trying to eliminate the import of kaolin and special sand.(16)
6. Entrance examinations for the Institute of Constructions in Bucharest are
scheduled for 15-25 August 1953? Short refresher courses in preparation for the
examination will be presented at intermediate technical schools of the Ministry
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of Constructions in Bacau, Braila, Buzau, Cluj, Constants, Oradea, Stalin, and
Targu-Mures, beginning 15 July. Examinations will be held for the following
departments; the department of civil and industrial constructions, which trains
engineers for planning and carrying out all kinds of industrial, municipal, and
other types of constructions; the department of installations and equipment,
which prepares engineers for planning and carrying out electrical, heating,
ventilation, and health projects, for civil and industrial constructions, and
for the planning, building, and repair of construction equipment; the hydro-
technic department, which prepares engineers to plan and build dams, locks,
sluices, navigable canals, municipal and industrial sewage and water systems;
and the road department, which prepares engineers for planning and building
roads, streets, and bridges.(29
Correspondence courses at the Institute of Constructions cover the
same subjects as regular courses but require 6 years of study. ASIT groups in
principal cities organize study circles to aid correspondence students of the
institute. The following correspondence courses are being offered during the
1953-1954 a^-ademic yenr~ civil and industrial constructions, construction in-
stallations, construction equipment, water and sewage, economics and planning
of constructions, and economics and planning of communal enterprises.
F.venirg courses, first set up in Bucharest in 152, will include civil
and industrial constructions, construction installations, and construction equip-
ment.(30)
7. Sovromconstructia-IPRICIN (Institutul de Proiectari pentru Constructii
Industriale, Institute for the Planning of Industrial Constructions of the Soviet-
Rumanian Construction Enterprise) received the Red Banner in the field of con-
struction planning frnm the Ministry of Constructions and Construction Materials
Industries and the Union of Construction Workers.(31)
8. The Institute of Fishery Research (Institutul de Cercetari Piscicola)
develops varieties of fish which are large, tasty, and disease resistnnt.(32).
9? The Institute of Food Industries (Institutul de Inc(ustrii Alimentare)
in Bucharest specializes in food chemistry.(~~) It has carried on research in
frozen foods and in the control of microorganisms through freezing. The results
of its research have been tested nt cold storage warehouses No 1 and No '2 in
Buchnrest.(10) The institute offers a 4-year course. It has 25 laboratories.
This institute, founded by the present regime, has graduated more than 200
engineers and ernects to turn out 160 new graduates in February 195h. Approxi-
mately 240 new students will register for the 1953-1954 academic year.(33) The
department of technology of the institute offers correspondence courses.(25)
10. The Institute of Electrical Machinery and Equipment (Institutul de
Maslni si Aparate Electrice) in Craiova has a department of machines and a de-
partment of electrical equipment which offer correspondence courses.(25) The
institute offers a 4-year course in physics, chemistry, electrical measuring
devices, resistance of materials, technology, and machine components.(3!~)
11. The Department of Foreign Trade in the Institute of Foreign Trade
offers correspondence courses.(25)
12. The Institute of Mechanics in Cluj specializes in the technology of
metals.(4)
13? The Institute of btechatacs in Stalin has a department of mechanics and
a department of technological mechanics.(25) The institute specializes mainly
in machine tools.(4)
50X1-HUM
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ICEMIN) is active tin the~fiden6lfication of deposits of raucmaterialsineeded in
the ceramics and glass industries.(16)
15. $unedoara R~giune has a Coal Institute (Institutul al Carbunelui), whic.i
graduates many mining engineers each year.(35)
16. The Institute of Mines in Bucharest specializes in geophysics, metal de-
posits, processing of minerals, and exploitation of mines.(4) It has a depart-
ment of mine exploitation and a department of mining economy and planning.(25)
Prof Nicolae Petrulian of the institute recelved the Order of Labor, Class III-a,
for his work during the 1952-1953 academic year.(11)
17. The Institute of Petroleum aid Gas (Institutul de Petrol si Gaze) in Bucha-
rest has a department of petroleum and bas strata exploitation, a department of
petroleum machinery and equipment, and a department of petroleum.(25) The in-
stitute teaches the following specialities: exploitation of oil and gas strata,
technology of petroleum, petroleum processes and equipment, chemistry of petro-
leum, petroleum and gas geology, well drilling (1,), and the econortty and organ-
ization of the petroleum i.ndustry.(25) Professors Virginia Barbu and Rudolf
Voinarovschi received the Medal of Labor for ti:eir work.(11)
l6. The Institute of Research in Gns and Petroleum (Institutul de Cercetari
Caz-Petrol) has collaborated with the Ministry of Light Industry in the develo_u-
ment of polymers and other petroleum derivatives for use in the production of
consumer goods.(16)
19. The V.I. Lenin Institute of Economics and Planning (Institutul de Stiinte
Economice si Planificare) in Bucharest offers majors in political econo~, na_
tional economic planning, socialist agricultural economics, accountin;, and booY.-
]ceeping.(13)
20. The Institute of Statistical Sciences in Bucharest has a department of in-
dustrial statistics, a trade department, a demography department, and a depart-
ment of agriculture.(13,1~,25)
21. The Institute of Scientific Research in Labor Protection (Institutul de
Cercetari Stiintifice de Protectia Muncii) is under the Central Council of Trade
Unions. Ion Calciu is assistant director. The institute has five sections, in-
cluding labor safety, safety techniques, ventilation and lighting, industrial
hygiene, and safety publicity. It has a chemistry laboratory and a uorlshop for
building prototypes. Soviet methods are taught by a group of Rumanians trained
in Leningrad. The institute works in close collaboration with scientific re-
searchers of the institutes under the Academy of the RPR and with ministerial re-
search institutes. In 1953, the institute has received 200 labor safety sugges-
tions from workers. Outstanding work was done by Prof Victor Popescu of the
scientific council of the institute, by Prof Dumitru Stefanescu, who developed n
new type of wire insulation, and by a group which developed the neu "Electrofnr"
lamp, of which 300 models are in use at the 7 Noembrie plant in Bucharest.(36)
22. The Institute of Scientific Research in Labor Protection is collaboratin3
with the Institute of Labor Ifygiene (Institutu] de Igiena a Muncii) in studying
the health problems of the Vnlea Jiului coal field.(36)
worth 500e1ei each,ofoMileading studentsPofcthetGheor ~e Gheorghiu-De,joInstitute
of Transportation (Institutul de Transporturi) in Bucharest.
Sudan of the institute received the Order of Labor, Class II13a,(11)of Gabriel
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mechanics, a de ---- ?'" "' """"?"?`' "uy u aepartment or transport
cations, a department of railro~doexploitationioandaaddepartmentooftrailro~udni-
econorr{y and plannins.(25)
25. The Institute of Water Improvements and Geodesy (Institutul de
Hidroamelioratii si Geodezie) is located in Galati. The institute has two de-
partments, the department of water improvements and the department of geodesy.
The department of water improvements includes two sections, the water improve-
mentc section and the agricultural constrictions section. The water improve-
ments section trains engineers for planning and exploiting water improvements
such as the dtking of flood lands, the combating of aridity a::d drought throug}c
irrigation, the creation of water supplies for towns and socialist agricultural
enterprises, and the use of waterpower. The course covers 4 years and 10 monthz.
and awards the degree of Eni~ineer of Water Improvements. The agricultural con-
structions section prepares engineers for planning and carrying out the follow-
ingr building of machine shops rn MPS, state farms, and collectives; repair of
marhinery; construction of 1lvestocY. buildings; and constructions for silos,
wineries, hothouses, etc. Graduates of the section, upon passing a state e