1952 INSECTICIDE PROGRAM OF COOPERATIVES IN EAST CHINA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700150284-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 13, 2011
• Sequence Number: 284
• Publication Date: December 8, 1953
• Content Type: REPORT

Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/14 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700150284-9 0
? CLASSIFICATION RESTRICTID
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS
COUNTRY China
SUBJECT Economic - Cooperatives, insect control
HOW
PUBLISHED Monthly periodical
WHERE
PUBLISHED Peiping
DATE
PUBLISHED l0 Dec 1952
LANGUAGE Chinese
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SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
Chung-yang Ro-tso Tung-hsin (Central Cooperative Tidings) No 12, 1952
1952 INSECTICIDE PROGRAM OF COOPERATIVES IN EAST CHINA
Chu Tse-min
Under the leadership of the party co:mnittee and the people's government, the
cooperatives i.n East China are charged with the responsibility of making insec-
ticides and agricultural equipment ?vailable to the fa^mers. Each hsien has
org?nized groups to direct pest control activates. Hsien and ch'u cormnittees
supervise all phases of the agricultural and forestry programs and instill in
the people an enthusiasm for their work.
Each province has developed training classes in the technique of using
insecticide equipment. According to incomplete data from 21 hsien in Anhwei,
Shantung, and northern Kiangsu, 770,000 men have enlisted in the war against
pests. In a3dition, 18,500 model insect-control cadres have been trained.
It was estimated that 19,335,373 cattier of agricultural insecticides were
supplied for sales distribution during this preparatory phase. Federated co-
operatives in East China supplied 3,018,841 ;;atties, provincial cooperatives
supplied 15,416,532 cattier.
Of 150,233 items of agricultural equipment, East China federated coopera-
tives supplied 6!1,576 items, and individual provincial cooperatives supplied
65,657 items. The total v?lue of the insecticides and the equipment was
104,368,560,000 yuan.
An adv?nce supply ~;as sent to the seven stricken areas coverinE 14 hsien,
where 6 mi111on mou of cotton h~1d been damaged. It is estimated that from April
to August, 96,935 items of ?gricultural equipment were actually distributed. Of
this amount, 75,362 items, or 77.8 percent, were sold on credit.
It is also estimated that 3,576,296 cattier of sgricultural insecticides
were supplied. Of this amount, 2,323,949 chin, or 62.5 percent, were sold on
credit. The needs of the everage farmer to combat the pests were met. Fifteen
STAT
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peat-control law was Fussed that requires thatLall people beainatructed in the
scientific methods of pest control.
This year the increased use of Insecticides and fertilizers has augmented
cotton production as follows:
Shantung Province -- approximately 25 percent increase in 1952 production
Chekiang Province -- approximately 10 percent increase in 1952 production
Anhwei Province -- approximately 35 percent increase in 1952 production
Shanghai Province -- agproximately 20 percent increase in 1952 production
Supply of Insecticide Equipment
During the development of sad increase in the supply of agricultural ineec-
tlcidc equipment, the following program was undertaken to promote its acceptance
by the people.
1. Proper instructions accompanied the equipment. Thin was necessary to
enlist the enthusiastic support of cadres and activists xho in turn had to in-
struct the farmers.
2. The program was examined for defects and education was extended by in-
creased propaganda. Well-organized unite were established to carry out the pro-
gram in different regions. Good profits xere made on insecticide anise.
3. Both cash and credit sales proved to be satisfactory. Credit Bales
were made to poor farmers without money and cash sales to xealthy fermate.
4. The provincial cooperatives have supplied the hales cooperatives who,
in turn have distributed the equipment to the basic level cooperatives. This
procedure has worked satisfactorily. In this manner, provincial cooperatives
rapldlmyalntThisdhaeopreveatedianoundersupply eorroversupplydintlndividuelicoopera-
tivea.
To accomodate the needs of Sndlvidusl groups, the above four-point program,
which is fairly flexible, will continue to govern our program.
Objective of Program
The agricultural insecticide program has had a twofold objective: (1) to
develop economically productive areas and (2) to develop arena that heretofore
hove not been economically productive. This year, as in the past, pests have
cm:sed greater damage to cotton than to any other crop. More than 6 million mou
were destroyed. The magnitude of this problem demands that we exert every ef-
fort to remedy this conditl.on. Therefore, it is essential that our program be
equal to the task.
Important obstacles that had to be resolved, included the following:
1. Problem of making the agricultural insecticide program a profitable en-
terprise, at the same time enlisting the support of the people. This problem
was aggravated by the fact that all cooperatives increased their prices: pl_
though this greatly increased the sales proceeds, the people objected to the
high prices and there was an eventual decrease is both the sales and the pro-
duction of equipment. Certair. ad~ustmeate xere then necessary to stop the result-
ing loos of capital. hater, much of the capital vas regained when ?the~"break-
even point" was restored.
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For example, it cost 196,605 yuan to manufacture seven sprayers, but
the cooperative sales receipts amounted to 267,000 yuan for a profit of 70,395
Yuan. At the end of July, the sales price for these items uas reduced to 220,000
yuan fors pro_?it of 12 percent. Thy cotton farmers of tht Hut-min Special Ad-
miniatrati+e District in Shantung province are very pleased with these sprayers.
The saint situation. prPVailed in the field of insecticides. On a 25-per-
cent DDT solution, there was a net profit of 25.49 percent. This greatly reduced
the farmer:. purctsaing power and had to be ad,Justed.
2. Experience iadicatee that the be;t marketing method ie to permit both
cash and credit sale=. However, inadequate and poorly timed sales campaigns re-
sulted in overstocked inventories 1n some cooperatives while other areas had an
insuffi_ient supply and c~;tcmers had to wait for their equipment. For example
nt Su-shan in Cheklaag Provlace, there were Pew sales of insecticides and much
pest damage which produced a serious situation. There was a similar situation
in southern Kiarg;u Province in T'ai_ts'sng Hsien.
It is important that there be closer liaison between the areas c ::;.erned,
and that a program be developed that will be both practical and dependable.
"+. Ir. some areas, too mach pressure was put on the fr-?mers by the eoopera-
*.ivee. At Yu-yang in Chekiang province the cadres told the farmers, "If you do
not buy agric^iltural items an3 inae,ticidea, then you do not love the country."
The result was that tY.e farmers so:d their cotton clothing Sn order to make the
purchases. Aieo at S?-shan in Chekiang province, land assessment was applied to
the wealthy farmers who mad? purchases or. credit. These stringent regulations
and aaeeesmenta indicate a faulty policy. Each cooperative must examine its pro-
gram and remedy sash mistakes.
~+. This year, 75,000 agricultural items were sold on credit? This repre-
eents 77,8 percent oP the tctal amount ;old. Credit salts of insecticides
amounted to 2,j20,000 :stt.le=. This re}reetnts 62.5 percer_t of the total amount
sold, However, St. tae teen a 3ifflcnlt and complie:ated task to make collections
on schedule. It is n-t.essary that tht youth corps, village units, agricultural
associations, and propagardie.'.e work ~:lorely with each level cooperative to help
them sake their ~ ,~ ^ r, ;=on