SURVEY OF CHINA'S FOOD INDUSTRY, 1950

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700130238-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 16
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 23, 2011
• Sequence Number: 238
• Publication Date: September 14, 1953
• Content Type: REPORT

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Cung-kuo_Kung-yeh, Neu Vol I, No 11, 1950.
COUNTRY China
SUBJECT Economic - Agriculture; food indtstry
HOW
PUBLISHED Monthly periodical
WHERE
PUBLISHED Shanghai
DATE
PUBLISHED 17 Mar 1950
LANGUAGE Chinese
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or T.. 111ni .T. n. 117x11 T.t ?11-14 or .UICN.a All ..
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or m 10.71.71 ~. ANT NA..11 TO Al Y..Y7.oat.1 r.N... 11 ....
.111711 NT LAW. N1g011R1ON or la. FINN b r.o.Ia710.
SURVEY OF CHINA'S FOOD INDUS7N'1 1950
1Comment and Summary: The following report on the food indus-
try of China gives information from an article by Li Chung-ying in
the Shanghai monthly magazine Chung-kuo Kung-yeh (Chinese Industry).
The author establishes the annual potential food supply per cap-
ita in China as 481 catties of cereals. He indicates that while
rice and wheat are regarded as the staple cereals for the majority
of Chinese, some 180 million Chinese regard the coarser cereals, such
as millet, and tubers as diet staples.
He discusses the development of the wheat, rice, and coarse cereal
processing industry in China and its current needs. He advocates the
expansion of the edible oil and sugar processing industries, and states
that processed eggs constitute a very important export food.
The appendix includes five tables showing data on the principal
food crops, potential supplies available, the food industry of China,
consumption of China's principal foods, and required food plant estab-
lishments.
The report follow-:7
CLASSIFICATION gg RESTRICTED
CENTRAL INTELLPAGENEATION
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS
CD NO.
DATE OF
DATE DIST. /0 Sep 1953
NO. OF PAGES 16
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
A. General Condition of National Food Supply
The people of China consider grain as their staple food and fish, meat, and
vegetables a.s supplementary. Although China's food supply is still far below
established nutritional standards, if all the food crops, such as rice, wheat,
kaoliang, corn, spiked millet, sweet potatoes, barley, oats, glutir.:;us rice, peas,
broad beaus, soybeans, peanuts, etc., were properly processed and utilized as food,
then the nation's nutritional needs could be net.
DISTRIBUTION
I I
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STAT
On thO basis of the nation's production of essential food crops (see Table 1
in appendix) and from the estimates of the potential yearly average of food per
person, the author has calculated the paddy rice in terms of polished rice, the
wheat in terms of flour, and the various coarse grains in terms of milled prod-
ucts. When the average distribution to the people is calculated, the potential
yearly amount of food averages about 481 catties per person, which corresponds
to a daily per capita caloric rate of 2,500 calories. This calculation is re-
ported in Table 2. Actually, a portion of the food supply is lost, some due to
improper storage and spoilage, and some because of being used for the manufac-
ture of alcoholic beverages, fodder, and fertilizer. Therefore, the misfortune
of a bad harvest frequently creates a regional food shortage; however, this dif-
ficulty could be remedied very easily.
China imports some food annually, but the amount is not large. For the
past 11 years, the yearly average import of edible rice is calculated at 3,910,000
quintals, wheat at 1,750,000 quintals (equivalent to 1,225,000 quintals of flour),
and flour at 1,540,000 quintals. The three items total 6,675,000 quintals, or
13,450,000 market piculs /ne market picul equals 110.23 pounds7. Assuming that
each person annually consumes 481 catties of food then the imported food is suf-
ficient for an estimated population of 2,700,000 consumers. In relation to
China's over 470 million population the amount is very small.
Shanghai is first among the ports of entry for rice, wheat, and flour; Swa-
tow and Tientsin are next. Soybeans, other beans, and miscellaneous coarse
cereals of the Northeast are exported annually. If the people of regions that
produce rice and wheat were able to consume the coarse cereals, then the import
of rice and wheat would not be necessary. It is a common saying in China that
southerners eat rice and the northerners eat wheat. Actually, China has an es-
timated 180 million or more people who consider kaoliang, corn, millet, sweet
potatoes, and other miscellaneous foods as essential. Because of our country's
vast area, the dissimilarity of the northern and southern climates, the great
variety of agricultural products, and, moreover, because communications and trans-
portation are not well developed, the food products of each area have become the
principal foods of the people of that area.
Coarse grains constitute a highly important item in the national food crop.
These are also important items in a balanced diet. Therefore, in the reconstruc-
tion of the food industry, the processing of coarse cereals and the preparation
of various food products from them must be emphasized in the future.
B. Present Condition and Future Outlook of Food Industry
Approximately 100,000 workers in over 1,000 factories are engaged in China's
food industry. With the exception of the flour mills, and tue new, fairly Large
oil-extracting and sugar-refining plants, the factor-es generally are small-scale
enterprises. New food-processing plants have been established in Shanghai, Ran-
kow, Tientsin, Taiwan, and other places. China's foou industry still does not
have complete, detailed statistics, therefore the figures shown in appended Table
3 are the result of a preliminary investigation of the condition of the food in-
dustry in the large cities of China.
1. Flour Industry
The flour industry is China's second most important light industry topped
only by the textile industry. Shanghai is the center of the Chinese flour indus-
try and furnishes more than half of the entire nation's total output. Its daily
production capacity is about 100.000 sacks. If the mills along the Shanghai-Nan-
king line are included, as well as those in Chekiang, Anhwei, and other areas,
the daily production capacity is 390;000 sacks. The rest, including Tientsin
and Hankow, produce about 20,000 oaths of flour daily; Chungking, Sian, Canton,
and. others produce from 4,000 to 10,000 sacks daily.
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The wheat used by the new-type flour mills amounts to about 10 percent
of the wheat output, but this amount is insufficient to meet the productive cap-
acity of the mills. At the same time, a large amount of wheat is ground in the
rural areas by primitive methods, but this type of wheat could not be fully uti-
lized by'the modern flour mills. Regarding the import of foreign flour, there is an
annual import of more than one million piculs jic7 of foreign flour; foreign
wheat provides about 20 percent of the raw material required by the flour mills.
The existence of this illogical condition actually stems from the following
factors:
a. Internal transportation is limited, and although the quality of lo-
cal flour and the efficiency of native grinding methods are far from that of
machined flour, the cost of local flour is comparativ..l.y low. Therefore, the
flour mills must be located near the wheat-producing ..,eas to reduce transpor-
tation costs.
b. The quality of nationally produced wheat is not uniform, and the
many varieties (entailing separate shipments) increase transportation costs and
increase the difficulty of cleaning the wheat before it is milled. In the fu-
ture, wheat inspection standards must be established.
c. Milling techniques are backward. China's flour industry has had
a 50-year history, but has made very little progress. Immediate measures should
be adopted to reduce waste of power and to increase efficiency by providing ex-
cellent milling facilities. Also, a specialized research organ for the flour
industry must be established.
d. There is a lack of modern storage granaries and damage to raw --a-
terial is extremely high. Hereafter it will be necessary to emphasize the prob-
lem of food storage and to adopt scientific control methods to reduce waste.
China's flour mills still lack ample facilities for the storage, dis-
tribution, and packaging of flour. Shanghai has a distribution granary which
holds 20,000 tons; the rest are generally warehouses and ordinary storehouses.
The wheat grown in the Yangtze River basin belongs to the soft wheat group, and
is rich in starch so it is most suitably used in the manufacture of western type
pastries and in sponge cakes. The Northeast is the important spring wheat belt
and is the region producing hard wheat. Shantung also produces hard wheat which
is rich in gluter. and it is most suited for bread. If the two types were milled
separately, the flour would be more welcomed by the consumers.
The proportion of the China-grown wheat converted to flour is 72 percent.
It is desirable to have flour mills located near the wheat-growing regions.
China's wheat-growing provinces: Ronan, Shantung, Kiangsu, Hopeh, and Anhwei,
should become the center of China's flour industry. The size of new mills should
be determined by communications and transportation factors; if transportation is
convenient to the markets, then large mills may be established.
Flour milling facilitiec are to be used mainly for the grinding of stand-
ard flour /a- grade established by the government and because the food industry
must work in conjunction with the production increase movement, the mills must
produce standard flour to the fullest capacity in order to improve the people's
food supply. For example, each 100 catties of wheat is ground into 81 cattie,
of standard flour; tl?us 100 catties of wheat yields 10 catties more of standard
flour than of ordinary white flour. Calculating the national production of wheat
as 400 million piculs, 40 million piculs of grain can be saved by r'.lling only
standard flour.
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2. Rice Industry
China's rice-hulling mills, in general, are small-scale enterprises.
Shannghai has the most;
; followed by Taiwan, Hankow, Ch'ang-sha, Hong-fig, Nan-
g, Chiu-chinag Nanking, and other places. Shanghai's husking facilities so paddy rice is converted to unhulled rice in theiareas where
it is grown, then it is transported to the cities thus saving the cost of ship-
ping chaff. Therefore, the rice-hulling mills in the cities take the unhulled
rice and finish it to polished rice.
China's rural areas utilize manpower for threshing, husking, and shell-
ing; although the color of the rice is not pure white, it .a comparatively in Vitamin B content. Each 100 catties of clean, dry, paddy rice can be husked
to 73.5 catties of unhulled
rich each 1
0 can ',e converted to 90 marketieatties Jane marketscattylequals 11 pounds
rice
of
hulled rice. Repeated processing below this standard will bring in the edible rice output and in its nutritional value. A modern, new-tY7
industry still has not been established in China. about a decrease
pe rice
When paddy rice is soaked in water for 8 hours (at 60 degrees Fahrenheit)
the soluble vitamins in the rice husks penetrate the kernels. The treatment this rice under 15 pounds of steam pressure for 15 minutes forces osmosis action
of the vitamins. of
Then the hulled rice is dried and cooled, and what is obtained
is edible rice, solid and capable of long, safe storage. The amount of broken
rice is reduced during the hulling pe
greater than that of riod and the vitamin content is 200 percent
ordinary white rice. New-type edible rice mills can accom-
plish all the operations from paddy rice to the finished product mechanically
and automatically.
In the future, processing mills which can produce 2 tons of nutritional
rice per hour may be established in Chang-sha, Chiu-chiang, Wu-hu, Hankow, Chung.
king, Shanghai, and other areas to increase year by year the number of installs-
tions and to extend them throughout the entire nation.
3. Miscellaneous Food Processing
Miscellaneous foods occupy an important position in th
. However
China ti
'
c
,
e people
ll la
s food
plants. s
ks large-scale miscellaneous food-processing
Shanghai has a number of small-scale bear-flour mills, and their products,
except the portions used as substitutes for milk and biscuit'
sour dumplings
are
,
s, and filling for
supplied to the lumber and plastics industries
meal added
to
flour, when th
S
b
d
.
oy
e a
ean
excellence
ded amount is under 10 percent, can increase the
of
the f
lour. During the milling period, soybeans
first split and hulled
or
b
th
,
,
en
ean cakes, are
the raw bean flavor is removed, and, after drying
the residue is ground. Then it is passed through a No 80 sieve to meet food spec-
ifications.
Corn meal is used for?pry;tries or ordinary fcod; and corn flakes
for baby t
baby food. Ic the fut'
ue
can be
processing
soybean flour and other miscellaneous grain
plants should consider the Northeast as the center for their activity.
~?? 011-Ext
racting Industry
ren, u-chia'ou,
r pYing-k
Antung, Harbin, Tcingtao, Chefoo,Tsinan,Chningehuabchen ein Ho h o
and also Shanghai, Wu-hsi, Chen-chiang, Hai-chou, Huai-an Fo
ia-k
ou,
Province
Swatow
i
,
,
u-yang anAnl
n Kwangtung Province,'and o,-her places, have an annual output
of vegetable oil of over
have bean oil 1,431,336 quintals. The Shanghai oil-extracting plants
products , rape oil, hemp oil, cottonseed nil an _
_ -
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Before the war, products of the Northeast's new ting were mainly exported, but the products of the old-tYPe factories were chieflv
flts
for the domestic markets
Th
N
'
.
e
ortheast
s oil-extractingindustryiscentered
in Dairen in the south and in Harbin in the north. Dairen is also a collection
and distribution point for soybeans and coal; Harbin is near regions where raw
materials are produced, and which are reasonably priced. Because the oil ex-
ported by China in the past was not pure, and because the water content of bean
cakes was too high, sales gradually decreased. Prior to 1926, the raw materials
requir6d. annually by the oil-extracting plants exceeded 1,300,000 shih Zone ehih
equals 109 liquid quarts7. Later, this amount gradually diminished and the oil-
extracting plants became subsidiaries of large grain warehouses.
The potential vegetable oil outpu-. based on China's oil crops, can be
estimated at 31,300,000 quintals, which wou d be more than 30 times greater than
the present output. Shantung, Sungkiang, Szechwan south of the Yangtze, Kirin,
Anhwei west of the Yangtze, Kiangsu and other provinces have rich oil crops, and
in the future may establish new type oil-extracting plants.
5. Sugar Refining Industry
Taiwan has 42 sugar refineries which have a daily cane-crushing capacity
of 65,000 tons and an estimated ye.rly sugar output of one million tons. The Of all a
to. nasal outputs fan ofthe provinces of sainland China is approximately 300,000
War II, Taiwan's sugar refineries were n bois about one mbed. After ntheivictory 36~refineriesd
were repaired and commenced operations. The southern provinces of China have
extensive sugar-cane growing areas. nnual KwangtungSz'seachwaboutan's
output i
000sugar
0,0000 150,000 includ-
ing Kwangsf and Fukien, collectively produce over 50,000 tons. China's inland
areas use local methods of refining sugar -- for rse sugar a method called
t'ang-fang and for white sugar lou-p'eng. The p..ducts are not very good. North
China and the Yellow River basin are suitable for the growing of sugar beets;
Shantung, Shensi, and the Northeast are all productive areas and in the future
may establish sugar beet refineries. Harbin, A-ch'eng and Chang-ch'un all have
sugar beet refineries and, excepting the Ch'ang-ch'un sugar refinery which was
completely destroyed, the remaining plants can be restored for sugar refining.
There has been a modern beet sugar mill in Tsinan, Shantung, for many years.
6. Export Food Industry
Egg products occupy an important position in China's export trade,
Chinas egg-producing regions are widely distributed: Kiangsu, Chekiang, Anhwei,
Kiangsi, Hupeh, Shansi, Ronan, Hopeh, Shantung, Szechwan, Sikang, Ydnnan, Kwei-
chow, and Kwangsi have abundant production. By means of steamships equipped with
refrigeration egg products may be shipped overseas.
Hankow and Shanghai both have established large-scale plants for
powdered and cold storage eggs. Because the mechanical equipment of powdered-
egg factories is not complex, before World War II, Shanghai was the world's egg
product manufacturing center. Since then Chinese manufacturing methods have not
been improved and the center has shifted to new York. Shanghai has eight cold
storage egg plants; the Chinese control one of these and the test are controlled
by foreign interests.
Before the war the export of fresh eggs to Japan was comparative?.,y
high; dehydrated eggs and cold storage eggs were shipped to England and the US;
salted and preserved eggs were exported to the South Seas, England, the US, and
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other places. In 1947, the export of fresh eggs amounted to 139,867 quintals,
cold storage eggs 35,607 quintals, dehydrated eggs 770 quintals, preserved and
salted eggs 18,860 quintals. The main export ports were Shanghai and Tientsin.
The equipment of the Shanghai powdered egg factories is out-of-date. They must
convert to new-type vaporizing and drying equipment in order to raise the qual-
ity of their products and to build up the confidence of international markets.
b. Casings
Three kinds of casings -- pig, cattle, sheep -- are produced. Pick-
ling and exporting points for pig casings are concentrated in Shanghai, Hankow,
Chungkin, Tientsin, Tsingtao, Chefoo, etc. The total annual export of casings
is 10,000 barrels -- Shanghai ships about 4,500 barrels; Hankow and Chungking
about 3,500 barrels, Tientsin and Tsingtao about 2,000 barrels. There are two
types of pig casings, salted and dried; they are exported in great quantities.
Three fourths of the pig intestines obtained by the Shanghai slaughterhouses are
used to make casings. Because of the inferior type of salt used, the casings
which are produced in the areas along the Shanghai-Nanking railway and the Shang-
hai-Hangchow line, are black and coarse. After these casings are shipped to
Shanghai, they must be further processed before they can be packed fc- export.
Methods of preparing casings are not complex. Fresh intestines are cleaned to
remove the fats, three intestines of similar diameter and length tied to make
one bunch, and then they are either salted or dried and packed for export. The
pig intestines produced by inland China's rural areas are either sold for ferti-
lizer or used for food. If the intestines can be bought for higher prices, and
exported in great quantities, not only will foreign exchange increase but the
farmers will also have another secondary source of income.
Shanghai has 18 casing plants, each plant having over 20 'ror':ers.
There are also 41 small operators with three or four workers per enterprise.
Facilities are crude and simple; these must be renovated and additional modern
equipment installed.
After the success of Indian- and Ceylon-grown tea, Chinese tea ex-
ports declined and were finally stabilized at about, 400,000 quintals. China pro-
duces'about 4 million quintals of tea which is 50?percent of the world's total
output. Ten percent is exported; the remainder is for domestic consumption. Hu-
nan; Kiangsi, Anhwei, Chekiang, Fukien, Szechwan, Hupeh, and Taiwan are tea-pro-
ducing areas. After World War II, tea-producing countries like Japan, Indonesia,
etc., because of the war's effects, had diminished outputs and the quality of
their teas was inferior. If China can improve the quality of her tea for foreign
distribution, perhaps Chinese tea can again monopolize international markets.
7. Other Food Industries
Plants for the processing of canned foods, preserved fruits, biscuits,
carbonated beverages, sp._es, etc., are comparatively numerous in Shanghai, but
are small. Their output is limited because only the rich can afford their prod-
ucts. The production of fermented foods like soy sauce, vines, vinegar, etc.,
although unusually wide spread, is,however,still on a handicraft basis and very
few plants have installed modern, mechanical equipment.
Foreign-operated food-processing plants in shanghai are comparatively
large. These include: the Shanghai Brewery, the ~,`,ro JurdLne Vatheson7 Brewery,
Hai-ho Ice Cream Company,. the American Ku-li Bottling ,;orks, Cheng-kuang-ho Bot-
tling Works, Ta-hua-li Health Foods Factory, Sullivan's (3ha-li-wan) Bakery and
Preserved Fruits Plant, etc. Food prncess'_nr.? plant:; Hide: Chinese control are
the Mei-lin Cannery, Kua.i-sheng-yiian Pres>rved Fruit, and Biscuit Plant and the
Tien-shu Condiments Factory. Their production +., :till high.
STAT
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Comparatively large-scale tobacco factories are located in Shanghai,
Hankow, Tientcin, Mnkden, Tsingtao, etc. Shantung and Honan grow tobacco, but
the quality could be improved.
Based on the 1947 investigation of the food production of China's major
cities, the nationwide monthly output of canned food is 5,345,280 tins, preserved
fruits and biscuits 1,075,803 market catties, soy sauce 18,926 market piculs,
carbonated beverages 268,891 dozen bottles, spices 688,500 pounds, wines 53,637
piculs, and tobacco 250,572 cases.
C. Construction of Needed Food-Processing Plants
China's future food-processing plants should be planned in accordance with
the conditions of agricultural production and the amounts consumed by the nation's
populace. During the Initial period of the reconstruction of the food industry,
the increase of production and the processing of food should be considRred as
most important. Only when there is an abundance of food and a sufficiency of
fodder, can there be an increase of dairy and meat products. Before the projected
increase of food supply becomes effective, the fishing industry must be developed
and fish processing plants be established to supplement insufficient meat supplies.
Large-scale beau-milk factories should be established to alleviate dairy milk
shortages. Cold storage plants, salting plants, and drying plants, should be in-
creased to permit food to withstand long storage without spoilage. During World
War II. dried foods were supplied to the navy and air force.
Moreover, there should be an increase in canneries, bread and rice-cake
bakeries, etc., permitting all the food to be processed in food plants in great
quantities s, that housewives may save cooking time and can devote themselves to
other productiv, activities.
China's nationwide consumption of important food products is shown in Table 4.
D. Conclusion
The most important food problem in China at present is to 'ncrease food pro-
duction. The goal is that everyone be "amply nourished." All food industries
should exert themselves to conserve raw materials and to reduce waste. For ex-
ample, if the food industry grinds standard flour and reduces amount of edible
rice processed to wnite rice standards, objective of saving raw material will be
achieved.
Because 80 percent of China's people are peasants, more than one half of
the agricultural food output is consumed in the rural areas after it is processed
oy hand methods. But along with the expansion of industrial reconstruction the
Population of the cities will increase year by year, and to supply inhabitants
of cities wit'' a large and suitable amount of food is not easy; hence, there =at
be the reconstruction and development of a reliable food industry.
fAppended tables follow.
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Table 1. Principal Food Crows in Chino, 1937 - 1947 (in 1,000 amrket piculs)
Name 1937
J5 Provinces
Paddy rice
4
7
055
,
131,156
Miscellaneous crops --
(total)
K.olian3
Corn
Millet
Sweet potatoes
Oats
Glutenous rice
Peas
Broad beans
Soybeans
Peanuts
34,991
67,717
23,812
282,250
72,119
2,873
9,433
27,666
33,872
38,396
21,406
1938
15 Provinces
1939
15 Provinces
1940
15 Provinces
806,501
809,920
662,210
209,911
198,188
201'110
93,997
34,299
31,264
70,371
71,293
67,039
23,814
90,333
3,118
9,296
43,694
47,644
36,470
21,901
23,990
91, 534
3,375
9,645
47,172
52,759
37,646
22,420
21,171
35,331
3,048
8,631
43,o64
47,715
38,576
22,799
1941
15 Provinces
680,459
165,120
29,665
66,533
20,706
73Y797
2,877
10,108
37,543
41,906
34,714
22,848
1942
15 Provinces
662,169
209,729
42,217
47,617
29,406
20,147
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1943 194-4
15 Provinces 15 Provin-es
462,761 709,018
199,196 248,264
1945 1937 - 1945 1937 - 1945 1946 1947
15 Provinces Average 22 Provinces 35 Provinces
Output Output Total Total
669,209 6,389,097 709,900 947,482
966,886
219,481 1,789,155 198,795 467,762 430,560
-- 637,569 1.350,693 1,640,406
28,055 27,467 29,250 332,702
36,967 109,761 203,052
64,899 67,340 72,396 596,084
66,232 154,962 215,474
17,)15 17,456 20,668
184,487 20,49; 155,922 198,609
ten? 101.
---
81,042 92,387 60,860 776,271 85,141 125,947 126,927
6
2
,91
2,911
2,323 26,538 2,949 13.907 10 061
37 3
.,
0,500
37,925 43,675 39,021
360,917 40,102 61,943 65,147
43,877 49,135 39,795 404,3220 44,924
57,376 61,867
4
33.33
32,950 34,048 315,540 35,060
90.692 lSO olR
28
--- 44,6
45,107
Notes: (1) 15 Provinces include: Chekiang, Kiangsi, Hupeh, Hunan, Szechwan, Homan, Shensi, Kansu, Tsinghai, Fukien, Kwangtung,
Kwangsi, Yunnan, Kweinhow, and Ninghsia.
(2) 22 Provinces include: Above 15 plus Kiangsu, Anhwei, Hopeh, Shantung, Shansi, Chahar, and Suiyuan.
(3) 35 Provinces include: Above 22 plu; Jehol, Liaoning, Liaopei, Antung, Kirin, Sungkiang, Ilunkiang, Hokiang, Heilung-
I:iang, Hcingan, Sinkiang, Sikang, Taiwan.
(4) This table is bas i on materials co:^piled by Central Agricultural Statistical Bureau.
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Table 2. Yearly Potential Food Supply Per Person
tt,i
m
Potential
Amount of Basic Grains Processed Cereals Annual Aver-
Total Pop- (in 1,000 market piculs) (in i,000 market piculs) Total Amount age elation of of Poten-
of Processed tial Food Per
Given Paddy Misc White White Nixed Cereals (in Person (in
Provinces Rice Wheat Grains Rice Flour Misc Flour* market,piculs) market piculs)
1937-1945 250,732,857 709,900 198,795 637,569 472,000 139,100
Output (15 510,000 1,121,100,000 4.48
Provinces)
1946 output 404,692,683 947,482 467,762 1.350,693 630,000 327,000 1,080,000 2,037,000,000 5.04
(22 Provinces)
1947 Output 406,007,285 966,836 430,560 1,640,1t06 643,000 301,000 1,311,000 2,258,000,000 4.91
(35 Provinces)
Average
o - - -- -- -- - - -- 4.81
Notes: (7.) Population figures were obtained from the Census Bureau's compiled statistic of December 1936.
(2) 100 cattier of paddy rice are processed to 66.5 catties of white rice; 100 catties of wheat are ground to 70
cattic:; of white flour; 100 catties of miscellaneous grains are ground to 80 catties of flour. Because the
.rater content of sweet potatoes is very high, in this group there is an averaZe decrease of 20%.
*Lfhe moisture deduction does not appear to have been taken into account in calculations in this column
STAT
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Table 3. Results of a Preliminary Investigation of the Food Industry of China's Major Cities
Shanghai
Flour Flour Milling 459
Industry Machines
Nanking Peiping Tientsin Tsi ao Chungking Mukden Sian
30 50 118 E8 27 -- 61
Monthly Output 1,034,800 130,000 18,380 207,830 15,790 110,000
Flour (sacks)
Rice Hullin5 Husking Machines 7,380
Industry Hillii.g Machines 2
Monthly Edible 1,803,400
Rice Output (shin)
Oil Extracting
Industry
Sugar Refining
Industry
Tobacco Indus-
try
Other Food
Industries
127 5 4
19 3
206,796 1,026 1,923
Oil-Extracting
Machines
159
115
Vegetable Oil Per
Month (quintals)
Su ar Refining
Machines
Monthly Output
Cane sugar (ton)
51,394
11,700
Slicin;2:achines
424
_-
7
26
25
10
Ci-arette Machines
608
6
50
25
26
Monthly Tobacco
Gutput (boxes)
203,163
--
235
2,173
2,150
2,338
Ice (tons) Cpdjoins page 13 here)
Soy Sauce (piculs)
910
15,616
Spices (pounds)
688,500
Preserved Fruits,
360,000
Biscuits (market
catties)
Canned Foods (tins)
h,022,000
Fruit Juices (bottles)
492.0o8
:;incs (market piculs)
41,850
1,000
Carbonated Peverages
17,501
(dozens of bottles)
Kaoling Ma- 19
chines 174 1
Kaoling (ed- 6,340
ible grain)
18,840 Quin-
tals
25
30
1,000
1,800
210,000
5,017
37,500
7
7
205
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30
35
8,390
22,603 483,230
It 32,480
Taiwan Lan-Chou Swatow Foochow K'un-ming Kuei-yang
- i6 -- 52 16 2
59
23
59,190
Ch'ano sha Ilan-chsang
78
41
104,045
Q8
132
172,718
45
40
40
20
1,167
3)+
57
9
2,185
5,666
14,300
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fAdjoins page 11 here
This table was compiled from the April 1913 publication, The Preliminary Report on the Investigation of the
Industries of China's I,ajor Cities" by the National Economic Investigating Committee, Bureau of Economics.
Blank spaces in the table mean that the product is not normally processed in the area.
Two dashes indicate no complete figures available.
al ~.~sr^.1^ --fit
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Consuaptio-. of Chin.
Principal Foods
Edible
Rice
Flour
rinea,)
:disc
Grain
Elou
Meat,
Fish, Egg
Products
Beans (bean
milk, e`c.1
Milk
Fresh Vege-
tables and
Fresh Fruits
Oils,
F
t
Cane
Daily
re
i
0.5 h?
0.5 kG
0.5 =:
0.061 kg
0
12
a
s
Sugar
Salt
qu
re.-sent
er
(about 2
.
Y
(
0.12
0.25 kg
0.03
0
01
p
person
Est orated
150
1.t0
130
shih-liang)*
about 4
shah-liang)
kg
(about 7
shih-chin)**
kg
(about
one
shih-
Jiang)
.
5
kg
about
t shih-
Jiang)
0.009
kg
number of
p^rsons
supplied
mil-
lion
nil-
lion
mil-
lion
1,141-
lion
mi -
lion
470
Isil-
lion
lion
470
mil-
li
470
':Iil-
470
mil-
470
mil-
on
lion
lion
-
Yearly
270,000
252
000
24
I!j ~
national
l
consump,;ion
(or
530
,
3
,o0o
102,:.o0
51,000
25,300 14,000,000
(in 1,000
ni_-
piculs***
quintzln c?-
ce t where
:udic:ctcd)
.1 ion
Lain)
* -l:an0
LO::e ..^,h f h eq:y.l 3'..25 .bra. _7
** LOne hih-c%:' n e: ,ulo i..1 pornds7
~">E J5no 1 7
e`='L= s -133?:; pounds
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Industry Plants
Grain Rice hulling
Nutritional
processing
Total Require-
ment of Proc-
essed Foods tories
(in 1,000 Re-
quintals) uq ired Notes
tion Capacity where noted)
1,000 quintals 300
60 27,000 450` 10% edible rice used for
nutritional rice proc-
essing
Flour :..i.11s 1,250 quintals 375
(5,000 sacks)
Miscellaneous 1,250 quintals 375
y ;,-rain process- (6,000 sacks)
d ing
Meat Slaughterhouses 50 quintals 15 103,400
Cold storage 1,000 quintals 300 12,925
Canneries 50,000 tins 150 (15 million 12,925
0 one-kg tins,
6,893 Fresh meats furnish one
half of total consump-
421 Lion; cold storage,
canned, pickled and
86 dried furnish one eighth
of total consumption
Salt prese:v- 40 quintals 12 12,925 1,077
ing plants
Drying plants 50 quintals 15
(raw material)
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Adjoins page 16 here]
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Adjoins page 15 here-]
Canneries 50,000 tins 150.(15 million
one-kg tins)
Preserving 40 quintals 12
plants
Drying plants 50 quintals 15
(raw material)
Oil extract- 300 quintals 90
ing
26,731
165
26,731
.2,230
26,731
1,650
25,000
833
51,000
566
Fresh?vegetables provide
three-fourths, processed
one-sixth total consump-
tion
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Vegetable and Cold storage 1,000 quintals 300
-fruit process- plants
ing