THE ELECTRICAL INDUSTRY IN YUGOSLAVIA

Document Type: 
Collection: 
Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 
CIA-RDP80-00809A000700110663-2
Release Decision: 
RIPPUB
Original Classification: 
R
Document Page Count: 
6
Document Creation Date: 
December 22, 2016
Document Release Date: 
September 15, 2011
Sequence Number: 
663
Case Number: 
Publication Date: 
June 26, 1953
Content Type: 
REPORT
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PDF icon CIA-RDP80-00809A000700110663-2.pdf366.63 KB
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/02/08: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700110663-2 1u CLASSIFICATION USE ONLY CENTRAL INTS IGENC ETAGgEN REPORT INFORMATION FROM SUBJECT HOW PUBLISHED WHERE PUBLISHED DATE PUBLISHED LANGUAGE Economic - Electrical industry Handbook Belgrade Nov - Dec 1951 TIl[ /M/IIIT CONTACTS IIr0IIU1ot UI[Rltt "I tlnotll I[rt+t1 or T+[ 1NITII ITAnt .INN, TII[ ^Y+IiI or Urro+III ACT W I. I. C.. tl III It.N IICtIU. 111 T+I+R11Ilo\ 01 nit IITIIInOI Or 111 cellntn II III I++II1 TO I+ YtMTIIOIlIhI r.HO+ It rto? x111111 IT III. IVIOIILTOI of Tt1I roll II Mo+1I111I. DATE DIST. Ab Jun 1953 NO. OF PAGES 6 SUPPLEMENT TO REPORT NO, THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION Informatiyni prirucnik o Jugoslaviji, Book 1, Sections 20-21, 1951. flhe following report is based on an article in Informativni prirucnik o Jugoslaviji, a handbook which has been issued in sec- tions since late 19 by the Yugoslav Directorate for Information-7 Although the electrical industry is the youngest industrial branch in Yugoslavia, it has made significant progress in its development and in meet- ing Yugoslavia's demands for its products. An electrical industry, as a separate branch, did not exist in Yugo- slavia before the war. There were a number of enterprises, branches of the metallurgical ihdustry, which produced some electrical materials. They in- cluded large artisans' shops or shops of an artisan character, dependent on foreign firms for most of their semifinished products. The majority of these had developed from service shops, which maintained and repaired machines and installations delivered by foreign firms. Later, these shops began produc- ing articles made from parts and semifinished products imported, from parent organizations abroad. Foreign firms took advantage of the cheap manpower in Yugoslavia and protective import duties to establish factories with obsolete machinery discarded in well-developed industrial countries. This was the case with the cable and storage battery factories. There were not very successful attempts to establish an electrical in- dustry with domestic capital. However, the resulting enterprises depended on the purchase of semifinished products and parts from abroad, with the re- sult that they merely assembled parts purchased from abroad or processed foreign raw materials at best. Attempts to establish a domestic electrical industry after World War I, including the "ITES" Electric Machine Factory (fabrika elektricnih masina "ITES") in Karlovac in 1921, the "Jugosijalica" Electric Light Bulb Factory (fabrika sijalica "Jugosijalica") in Zagreb in 1935, and the Transformer Factory (fabrika transformatora) in Ljubljana, failed because these industries yielded to the competition of large foreign firms. The foreign electrical industry dominated the Yugoslav market eithar through the direct import of finished products or through products from their 12 ul ?E, - U EE Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/02/08: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700110663-2 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/02/08: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700110663-2 r shops in Yugoslavia. Before World War II, there were 20 electrical industry enterprises which employed a total of 1,185 people and produced electrical goods valued at 91,299,000 dinars. Two of these enterprises produced elec- tric conductors, two produced electric machines, four produced storage and dry batteries, one repaired electric machines, eight produced varied elec- tric materials, and three produced electric light bulbs. Three of these enterprises were in Serbia, nine in Croatia, and eight in Slovenia. In addition, there was a radio industry, especially developed in Serbia, which assembled parts imported from foreign firms. The radio industry, con- sisting of four enterprise.., employed about 400 people in Belgrade, Zemun, and Pancevo. This industry was destroyed at the start of World War II. An enterprise for the production of radio and telephone equipment for the army was located in Cacak and employed about 200 employees, Electrical material valued at 180,700,000 dinars was imported from abroad in 1948, as compared with material valued at 176,100,000 dinars imported in 1938 Most important electrical products, such as generators for power plants, transformers, distribution equipment, and measuring equipment, were imported from abroad- The Electrical Industry in 1945 In 1945, the electrical industry was much the same as it had been before the war. Enterprises kept operating and war damage was quickly repaired. However, output was considerably lover than before the war. During the war; production of radio receivers had ceased completely and the majority of small enterprises owned by domestic capital had ceased operation, especially in Serbia. Enterprises in Zagreb and Novi Sad mostly maintained a normal rate of production during the war. Several artisans' enterprises producing elec- trical materials sprang up during the war, especially in Croatia, Slovenia, and the Vojvodina, but they were of no particular importance and could not have developed into large industrial enterprises. Among these were enter- prises for producing dry cell batteries for flashlights, which ceased opera- tion before the end of the war because of difficulties in procuring raw ma- terials. The more important electrical enterprises surviving the war were in Serbia, including the "Novkabel" Cable Factory (fabrika kabela "Novkabel") in Novi Sad, which produced conductors, insulated wire, and steel cable; the "Sever" Electric Machine Factory (fabrika elektricnih masina "Sever") in Subotica, which produced motors and generators for railroad car lighting; the "Grom" section of the 7.renjanin Machine Factory (fabrika masina u Zren- janinu, which produced electric motors; and the "Tesla" Electric Light Bulb Factory (fabrika sijalica "Tesla") in Pancevo. There were several other small enterprises of local importance. Most electrical industry enterprises in Croatia survived. These enter- prises, located in Zagreb, Included the "Bade Koncar" Electric Equipment Fac- tory (fabrika elektricnih strojeva "Bade Koncar"), which produced mostly electric motors and some distribution equipment; the "Elks" Cable Factory (fabrika kabela "Elks"), which produced insulated and noninsulated cable, Bergman tubes, insulated wire, and steel cable; the "Kontakt" and "Elektro- proizvod" factories, which produced electric installation equipment; the "Tez" Electric Light Bulb Factory (fabrika elektricnih sijalica "Tez"), and the "Dis" Domestic Light Bulb Factory (domaca industrija sijalica "Dis"); the "Munja" Storage Battery Factory (fabrika akumalatora "Munja"), and the "Kroacija" Factory, which produced dry batteries and flashlights. In Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/02/08: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700110663_22 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/02/08: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700110663-2 r addition, there were a few small artisans' shops Generally speaking, the enterprises in Zagreb were artisans' enterprises, equipped with obsolete machines and housed in buildings unfit for industrial production. In Slovenia, surviving enterprises included the "Zma3" Dry Battery Fac- tory (fabrika suvib elernenata "Zma,j") in Ljubljana, and the "Impol" Enter- prise in Slovenska Bietrica, which produced noninsulated electric cables, supplied rolled and irawr,?eirs >.o the "E.ks" Factory in Zagreb and the "Nov- kabel" Factory in Novi Sad, and proa'uc'-5 topper and brass plate. Yugoslavia has raw material- for tie development of the electrical in- dustry, including copper, aluminum, and :tee! (wnich will be forthcoming with the development of the v -ail..;rgirai industry). Various kinds 'of in- sulation material will be sapplied c?y cnemical industry. There is suf- ficient raw material for eie.ectric pon:e_3ir, Plastic materials, such as polyvinyl chloride, bakeiit,:, and others, vill be produced by the Yugoslav chemical industry in satisfactory quantities. The textile industry already produces fabrics and cotton yarn neei-d. for insulation. immediately aft--r toe Ii ration, an ,-:ectricsl industry department was established '., the lover ';c-_.lnr. of the icral Ministry of industry, and electrical industry departments warn. ?;tec i>r;ea in the republic ministries in Serbia, Croatia, an Siosenia. ",`nose departments were the nuclei for the later adminia*,rative anci operati^ua. rraragements of the electrical industry. The electrical industry departat-nt?; were in operation until mid-1946, when main administration=. were organize'.. At the end of 1945, thr.. fir:.t pion- :rre ?.crked out for the construc- tion of the "Rade Koncar" Factc'-a, argesc industrial enterprise in Zagreb to 1946, the first cradtt: re a:-,rcve] for the construction of electrical industry enterer r?-:o.. l1rtz:ari1y the "Rade Koncar" Factory. In 1945, the ". skra" Froc i,io+, : n: tr,,:.^.? r?t Enterpri.e (preduzece precizne meha- nike "Iskra") in Kranj va:a n.slgn>i no tie _.sctr:ca: industry At the end of May 1946. ?..e Mai Aimtni;t?ratior for the Electrical Econ- omy, with headquarters in Zagreb, ablished ir: the federal Ministry of Industry The Main Aimini;tratic?n tsar, an ?..en trica industry section whose function was the ad:niniFtra:i"e and opereticna: management of electrical in- dustry enterprises which had been declared :ederal enterprises. In October 1946, the Main Adminiatration of cn' ~ei.'rnl Electrical Industry, with head- quarter, in Belgrade, was organ:ze.i i, the federal Ministry of Industry. In February 1947, the Main A:waniPtra*.icr. ci tad- Federal Electrical industry be- came the Main Lirecr?crate of tin Federal E.er.trica: Industry which managed federal electrical enterprises The Main iirectorate of the Federal Electri- cal industry was dis ulved In July 1950, and its enterprises were incorporated in the newly established federal Directorate for Machine Construction, and the Directorates for Machine Construction of Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia. The remaining electrical industry enterprises, which were turned over to the republics, were under the management of the republic Main Directorates for Electrical Industry of Croatia and Slovenia, and the Main Directorate for Metallurgy in Serbia. At prersent, electrical industry enterprises concerned with machine construction are under the management of the republic Main Direc- torates for Machine Construction, while electrical processing enterprises are under the management of the Pain Directorates for Metallurgy. Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/02/08_ CIA-RDP80-00809A000700110663-2 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/02/08: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700110663-2 During the first period of development of the electrical industry, it was impossible to construct completely new enterprises in areas where the industry was completely undeveloped. Consequently, the electrical industry was developed mostly around existing enterprises; development consisted pri- marily of modernizing production methods. At present, the electrical indus- try, with the exception of local industry, is still concentrated in Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia. Among electrical industry enterprises existing at the end of the war, 15 were relatively important, and provided the basis for further develop- ment: At the beginning of 1951 there were 27 electrical industry enter- prises in operation, and foi.r under construction. The electrical industry started primarily with the production of key products, such as generators and electric motors, needed for electrification and industrialization called for by the Five-Year Plan. At present, Yugo- slavia is producing all types of generators for hydroelectric power plants, while generators for thermal power plants are in preparatory stage. Power plants for which generators have been produced are the Mariborski Otok, Vu- zenica, Mesici, Savica, Zrnovci, Vlasenica, Rijeka, Musovica, Pesocani, Ozalj, Sokolja, and other hydroelectric power plants. Hydrogenerators have been produced for the Slap Zete, Sapuncica, Zavrlje, Raska, Ovcar-Banja, Glava Zete, Medjuvreje, Zvornik, Medvode, Jajce, Vrla, and other power plants. In addition to generators, the "Bade Koncar" Factory has produced a great many electric motors. Other plants producing electric motors include the "Sever" Factory in Subotica, the "Elektrokovina" Enterprise in Maribor, the "Motor" Enterprise in Skofja Loka, and the "Iskra" Enterprise in Kranj for its own use. At present, Yugoslavia produces enough electric motors to meet demand, except for some special types. The total capacity of electric motors produced in 1949 was 136,000 kilowatts. The first electric transformers were produced in 1946. The "Bade Kon- car" Factory has produced a number of 3-, 6-, 10-, and 35-kilovolt trans- formers. At present, 110-kilovolt transformers are in production. The "Elma" Electric Materials Factory (taverns elektromaterijala "El.ma") in Lju- bljana produces transformers on a small scale. In 1949, the total capacity of transformers produced was 167,000 kilo- watt-amperes. In 1950, transformer production facilities were expanded con- siderably, so that future production is planned to be even greater because of serial production and because beginning difficulties have been overcome. The production of high-torque and high-voltage switches, previously not produced in Yugoslavia, has been mastered by the "Bade Koncar" Factory. Prototypes have been produced and regular production is in preparation. The "Bade Koncar" has produced up to 35-kilovolt circuit breakers, and is work- ing on circuit. breakers up to 110 kilovolts. Certain types of electric conductors, were produced in Yugoslavia before the war, but not underground or underwater cable, or cable for industrial installations. The "Novkabel" Factory, the "Elks" Factory, and the "Impol" Enterprise, which produced electric conductors, were modernized after the war and their production increased. In 1950, the production of noninsulated and insulated conductors totaled 4,926 tons. At present, Yugoslavia produces many types of conductors which were not produced previously, such as lead-covered installation cable and other types. The production of armatures has increased six times over 1946. Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/02/08: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700110663-2 k Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/02/08: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700110663-2 r STAT ' The Five-Year Plan calls for the construction of a new cable factory in Svetozarevo, which is now under construction. Electric measuring instruments were not produced in Yugoslavia prior to 1948. They are now being produced by the "Iskra" Enterprise. At the end of 1950, electric meters, ammeters, and voltmeters were being produced serially, while the production of other electric measuring instruments was in a prepara- tory phase. At Present, the "Kontakt" Electrotechnical Factory (elektrotehnicka tvoraica "Kontakt") and the T.E.P. Electrotechnical Factory (tvornica elek- trotehnickih proizvoda) in Zagreb, the "Elip" Factory in Zemun, and the "Elsa" Factory in Ljubljana are producing electric installation material. All these enterprises were built under the Five-Year Plan, but are not yet fully developed. In Zagreb after the liberation the new "Tez" Electric Light Bulb Fac- tory was constructed, which absorbed the old "Tez" and "Die" electric light bulb factories. The "Tez" and "Tesla" factories produced a total of 4,428,000 bulbs in 1948, and 3,753,000 in 1950. The production of storage batteries, which are produced by the "Munja" Factory, was 2.29 times greater in 1949 than in 1946, but somewhat lower in 1950. The production of telephone instruments, which are produced by the "Is- kra" Enterprise, was begun in 1947. The production of electric power tools, which are produced by the "Is- kra" Enterprise, is completely new in Yugoslavia. To date, electric hand drills are being produced serially, while the production of other tools is in a preparatory phase. Motion picture projectors, which are produced by the "Iskra" Enterprise, have been produced in Yugoslavia since 1948. To date, motion picture pro- jectors for standard film arebeing produced serially, while projectors for nonstandard-size film are being developed. In 1946, the "Nikola Tesla" Enterprise was established in Belgrade to develop the production of radio equipment. This enterprise produced its first series of radio receivers in 1948. At first, production was based mostly on assembling imported parts, while only mechanical parts and radio cabinets were produced domestically. Today, a number of radio parts are being produced in Yugoslavia. The "Radio Industrija" Factory in Zagreb produces amplifiers and micro- phone cabinets. There are small artisans' enterprises producing radio equipment, such as signal equipment. The RR-Zavodi in Nis, the most important radio enterprise, is under con- struction. It will start production in 1951. Its production program in- cludes radio tubes, X-ray equipment and tubes, and radio equipment such as resistors, condensers, etc. Since the war, the porcelain factory in Novi Sad has been modernized and expanded, and equipped for the production of dielectric porcelain. The factory produces dielectric porcelain for voltages up to 35,000 volts. Pro- duction of dielectric porcelain for voltages tip to 100 kilovolts has been mastered. This factory uses domestic raw materials exclusively. I Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/02/08: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700110663-22 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/02/08: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700110663-2 A new factory for dielectric porcelain has been built in Stup near Sara- jevo. This factory produces porcelain -for voltages up to 100 kilovolts. A new factory for dielectric porcelain is under construction in Arand- jelovac. This factory is to produce dielectric porcelain for the electrical industry and for the electrical economy and communications. This factory will have a larger capacity than the above-mentioned factories. It will take over production of dielectric porcelain produced by industrial methods, while the other two factories will produce dielectric porcelain for high voltages using semi-industrial methods. The construction of the new factory and full utilization of existing factories will ensure sufficient supplies of dielec- tric porcelain needed for the development of the Yugoslav electrical indus- try, electrical economy, and communications. The Yugoslav electrical industry is also developing production of indus- trial furnaces, electrical equipment for automobiles, electrical home appli- ances, etc. Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/02/08_CIA-RDP80-00809A000700110663-Z_n