DISCUSSES TASKS FOR 1952 OF HUAI HO CONSERVANCY PROJECT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700060219-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 5
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 30, 2011
• Sequence Number: 219
• Publication Date: May 3, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

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CLASSIFICATION CONFIDENTIA
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS
COUNTRY China
SUBJECT Economic - Water conservancy, flood prevention
HOW
PUBUSHED Daily newspapers
WHERE
PUBLISHED Hong Kong; Shanghai
DATE
PUBLISHED 3 Dec 1951 - 11 Jan 1952
LANGUAGE Chinese
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CD NO.
DATE OF
INFORMATION 1951
DATE DIST. 3 May 1952
NO. OF PAGES
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
DISCUSSES TASKS FOR 1952
OF HUAI HC CONSERVANCY PROJECT
TO CONSTRUCT RESERVOIRS, DEEPEN CHANNELS -- Hong Kong, Wen-hui Jih-Pao.
11 Dec 52
The following information on the second year program of the Huai Ho Con-
servancy Project was issued by the Ministry of Water Conservancy. Work has
already started on many of the projects and the volume of work to be undertaken
in 1952 is greater than that accomplished in 1951. The three principal divi-
sions of the program are as follows:
Upper Reaches of Huai Ho and Tributaries
1. Construction of reservoirs and retension basins. This includes com-
pleting the construction of two reservoirs, beginning the construction of three
moa'e, and adding two more retension basins in the middle section of the Huai Ho.
These reservoirs and basins are to have Gn aggregate capacity of 1.5 billion
cubic meters of water.
2. Widening and deepening of the river channels. This applies to the
tributaries as well as to the main stream of the Huai Ho above Wu-ho. By in-
creasing their capacity, the likelihood of inundation of contiguous lands will
be greatly lessened.
Construction of a large-scale irrigation system in North Kiengsu. This
will call for the moving of some 400 million cubic meters of earth and the build-
ing of a large number of structures involving a high degree of technical skill.
Ronan Projects
The dam for the Pai-61.L Reservoir on the Ying No, which is now being built,
is to be 46.5 meters high and 1.3 kilometers long. This project requires a con-
duit 346 meters long, and an overflos canal if meters vide. To complete this
work, 5,500,000 cubic meters of earthwork, and 270,000 cubic meters of stone
STATE
ARMY
DISI U TI
ITTR I
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1ror.c, has to be done. The reservoir is to have a storage capacity of 247 million
cubic meters, and reduce the flow of the Ying no in time of bad flood from 2,230
cubic meters.per second to 725 cubic meters per second; and at times of ordinary
high water from 1,582 to 130 cubic meters per second. This will practically re-
move all danger of flood by the Ting Ho, and will provide the means for the ir-
rigation of large areas of tilled land further downstream. The conduit and over-
flow canal 'were begun in 1951, and are to be completed in 1952. Over 100,000
laborers are now working day and night.
The Pan-ch'iao Reservoir is being built on the in Ho branch of the Sha Ho.
This requires the construction of a dam 23.55 meters high and 1.7 kilometers long,
an overflow canal 301 meters long and 80 meters wide, and a conduit 336 meters
long. Part of the conduit is a tunnel through 70 meters of rock. This work,
started in 1951 and to be completed in 1952, should eliminate the danger of flood
by the Ju Ho, provided the bed of the Ju Ho is dredged and improved. Careful
investigation by boring of the foundation on which the dam is to be built reveals
the presence of a layer of : of varying thickness which presents serious
problems. However the engineers and worsers are confident that this difficulty
will be successfuliy?overcome.
In the fall of 1952, work is to begin on excavations for the conduits and
tunnels of the Po-shan Reservoir on the Chin-t'ou Ho, a branch of the Ju Ho,
and for the Nan-wan Reservoir on the Shih Ho. Test borings are to begin for
the foundations of dams, conduits, and overflow channels for a number of other
reservoirs.
Another importans engineering task to be carried out in Ronan is the dredg-
ing of the channels of the Hung Ho, the Ju Ho, the Ying Ho, and the several
streams of the Yellow River flood region. fc-hannels used or made by the Yellow
River when its dikes at Rua-yuan-k'ou; west of K'ai-feng, were cut as a mili-
tary measure, in 1938. This breach in the dike was closed with the aid of
UNRRA in 1946 - 1947, and the Yellow River restored to its pre-1938 bed-7 To
put these river beds and bordering dikes into good condition calls for an ag-
gregate of 20 million cubic meters of earthwork, and the building at selected
points of 40 or more below-surface watergates. When this work is completed in
1952. the danger of floods from the Hung, Ju and Ying rivers should be entirely
removed, and as for the seven comparatively more important streams of the Yel-
low River flood region, the situation reached should be one of "big rains less
flood, small rains no flood."
Although in 1951, four floodwater retention basins were built utilizing the
low-lying areas at lao-Wang-p'o, 'a-sung Hu, Chiao-t'ing Hu, and Tung Hu, the
installations built at the points of admission and discharge, the conduits, the
protective dikes for villages, and the internal drainage systems, require further
recons+ruction. Revised plans, based on the conditions of flow during the flood
season _ave been made, and this winter they will be put into effect.
Water and soil cons vation are of great importance in prolonging the length
of life of the reservoirs. Accordingly in 1952, from 200 to 300 retention dams
are to be built across the valleys of each of the tributary streams above the
Pan-ch'iao, Shih-man-t 'an; and Tzu-ho-shan reservoirs, and from 150 to 200 dams
across the streams above the Po-shan, Nan-wan, and Lung-shan reserv Wis. Tests
made in 1951 for the construction of drainage ditches have proved valuable in
-water control and crop production. In 1952, in each of the three special ad-
ministrative districts of Huai-yang, Shang-ch'iu, and Chen-liu, the farmers are
to be mobilized to make ditches aggregating 300 square kilometers in area.
Other districts along the `mail river are to try the same plans.
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Anhwei Projects
The most urgent work to be done in Anhwei is to construct water reservoirs
and deepen the river channels, retention basins, and a portion of the irrigation
canals.
The construction of the Fo-tzu-ling Reservoir, on the upper reaches of the
Pi Ho, is one of the chief projects in the 1952 program of Huai Ho Conservancy
project. It ?.s to be one of the largest reservoirs with a capacity of 500 mil-
lion cubic meters, and it should practically abolish all danger of flood from
this source. More than ten specialists have made inspections and collective]
decided on the best location and shape of the dam to be built. Within a short
time work on its construction will begin. Already 180,000 laborers have been
mobilized to built more than 60 kilometers of highway on which to transport
the materials needed in the construction of the dam.
To deepen and convert Wa-fou Hu and Shou-hsi Hu into retention basins, 500
million cubic meters of earth must be moved. A similar amount of earthwork is
involved in the construction of the dikes and svo dams. This project will have
a retention capacity of one billion cubic meters. In 1953, it will be enlarged
to increase its capacity. Besides this, a retention basin is to be constructed
using the low-lying land at Hung-meng-wa.
The most important work to condition the tributaries in the middle sectiou
of the Huai Ho valley is to deepen the channels of eight streams, especially
the An No, the Tang Ho, the Kuei Ho, the Hsi-fei-Ho, and the Chao-wang Ho.
This will involve the excavation of 37,210,000 cubic meters of earth. Along
with the deepening of these rivers, there must be constructed a number of below
surface vatergates on the Chia Ho and the Chiao-kang Hu, to permit drainage
and to prevent back flooding.
The largest piece of river bed engineering is the regulation of the main
channel of the Huai Ho downstream from Wu-ho-hsien. The Huai Ho's main stream
fio'.'s through the Hung-tee Hu, but in the flood season, its flow, is slowed
nova to such an extent that it backs up and impedes the drainage of a number of
its tributaries. Since the Hung-tae Hu is unregulated, it cannot properly dis-
charge its functions as a retention basin.
To remedy this situation two comparatively important changes must be ef-
fected:
First, separate from the Huai Ho the flow of the north side tributary
streams which come from the area of the Su-hsien Special Administrative Dis-
trict, and let this water pass directly into the Hung-tee Hu. Second, divert
the Huai Ho main stream below Wu-ho away from the Hung-tee Hu by means of an
independent channel.
ZFram the terse description in the above paragraph, it might be difficult
to follow the details of the proposed changes. However b combining this in-
formation with that supplied by the diagram
Jen-min Jib- 22 September 11 it is from the Peiping
the principal featuresof the diversionar s e to gain a clearer idea of
y changes mentioned above.
The water of the tributary streams from the Su-hsien area is to be led
directly into the western arm of Hung-toe Hu through a short channel to be dug
eastward from a point near Shuang-kou. A short distance downstream from Shuang?
kou on the old bed a dam is to be built to block any flow in the old channel.
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Concerning the second change, two new channels are to be made for the main
stream of the Huai No. From a point near Feng-span (between Wu-ho and Shuang-
kou) a channel is to be cut to run southeasterly to join the old bed downstream
from the diversion dam near Shuang-kou. Then another channel is to be dug
starting at a point near Hsu-i (118 34, 33 03) and running eastward to the San
Ho. Thence the water is to flow into Pao?ning Hu and Kao- Hu
southward via the Grand Canal and the Yangtze River into the sea. The` diagram
also indicates a new channel to make possible a short cut from the San Ho to
Kao-yu Hu. A short distance north of Hsu-i, a diversionary dLx across the old
bed of the Huai $o is to bebuilt to block the entrance to the main part of Hung-
tae Hu and thus force the water into its new channel.
(One other feature which seems necessary in this scheme, although it is not
specifically mentioned in the text nor shown on the diagram, is the building of
-a dam between the; Feng-shah cutting and Shuang-kou to prevent the Euai Ho main
stream from continuing in its old bed instead of entering its new channel.
Otherwise the separation called for in the first Diversionary change mentioned
above would not be effected.),7
North Kiangs Projects
The development of irrigation projects is the main undertaking for 1952 in With t trolled retention basin,, allvofsits water, may bet used for the service of the
people by increasing the fertility of 2,5,20,000 mou [Ci mou equal one acr2e ,f
tilled land.
This is to be accomplished by completing the 170 kilometer main trunk
irrigation canal which starts at Kao-liang-chien on the east shore of Hung-tee
Hu end runs northeastward to the Yellow Sea. Control locks are to be.built at
Kao-lying-chien to regulate the flow in the canal. Where this canal crosses
the Grand Canal, there are to be built in its eastern embankment, in 1952, a
below-surface Watergate which will permit the flow of 700 cubic meters per
second. Of the 72,600,000 cubic meters of earthwork required in connection with
this project, 45 million cubic meters are to be moved in 1952 and the balance
in 1953.
Another objective which will be achieved by the .952 Huai Ho Conservancy
project is the improvement of the navigability of the south end of the Yun Ho
through the diversion to it of the main flow of the Huai Ho, the deepening of
it shallow places, and the annual strengthening of its eastern embankments.
TO BUILD RRSERVOIR AT FO-TZU-LING -- Shanghai, Hein-wen Jih-pao, 9 Jan 52
Pang-fou -- To further hold back the flow of Huai Ho water above Cheng-
yang-kuan, the Huai Ho Control C;,mmission has ordered test borings to be made
to ascertain the best place for the location of a dam which is to create a
reservoir for the floodwaters of the Pi Ho in Ho-Shan Hsien, in northern Anhui.
The proba.,le site fur the dam is somewhere in the mountain gorge near Ta-yd-
ch'ung, and it will be known as the Fo-tzu-ling Reservoir.
WU-LI-P'U DOUBLE-SATE LOCK CONPLETED -- Shanghai, Hsin-wen Jih-pao, 11 Jan 52
Cheng-yang-kuan -- On 22 December 1951, construction. was completed of a
double-gate lock in the dike ')n the south bank of the Huai Ho at Wti-li-p'u, about
2 miles south of Cheng-yang-khan. This project has been under construction for
7 months. This lock was necessary to ?permit the discharge through the dike into
the Huai No of the runoff from a large low-lying area bounded on the north by
the Huai Ho, on the east by Shang-ts'ai-yuan, on the south by Ying-ho-chi, and
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CONFIDENTIAL
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hick
140,000 --?
constantly overrloiiea onto it. Its area is about
,000 mou. geretoi'ore, this area was the first land to be inundated and the
last to be rid of flo Ovat
._ ____
e
that they will be able on the average cto~r iseC14 million more catties of and
grain.
LABOFffii8 START WORK ON KIAHCSU CANALS -- Hong Kong, Wen-hui Jih-pao, 3 Dec 51
Shanghai -- Work has been started on another major feature of the Huai Ho
Conservancy project which is now in its second year of execution, namely, the
new Main Canal for drainage and irrigation. This is to start at Kao-liang-chien,
on the east shore of the Hung-toe Hu and run northeastwfrd for a distance of
170 kilometers to Pien-tan-Chiang (harbor, or river mouth) on the coast of the
Yellow Sea. Indications are that Pien-tan-chiang is either at the old mouth
of the Yellow River (120 20, 34 18), or at another river mouth, T'ao-tzu-k'ou
(120 15, 34 24)j
Plans for this canal were commenced in the fall of 1950 and completed in
April 1951, in accordance with the advice of the Soviet conservancy advisor,
Bukov, after exhaustive studies were made to determine the beat location for the
bed of the canal. The canal is to serve at least three purposes, (1) to provide
a channel to the sea for some of the flood waters of the Huai Ho, (2) to afford
irrigation for the area traversed by the canal, and (3) to supplement inland
waterway communic':tion in Forth Kiangsu.
Important features of this canal project are the construction of:
1. Huge watergates at Kao-liang-chien, where the water enters the canal.
2. Diversionary locks or spillways in the east bank of the Grand Canal
5ppai ently south of Huai An7.,
3. Below-surface watergates where the new canal crosses the Grand Canal.
4. Below-surface vatergates where this (or another) canal crosses the
She-yang No.
5. Locks on the Main canal at or near the coast to prevent the inflow of
sea orate at high tide.
C small-scale diagram accompanying the text indicates that the rtion of
the great Huai Ho Conservancy project east of the Grand Canal, besideeothe Main
Canal mentioned above, includes three other canals that are being constructed
or improved, namely, the West Trunk Canal (which is the Grand Canal), the South
Trunk Canal which runs from a point near Yang-c'hou eastward pent the south side
of T'ai-thou, and the East Trunk Canal which runs from a junction with the pre-
ceding canal, northward past T'ai-tung, Yen-ch'eng, and west of Fou-ning, to a
junction with the Main Canal. At least four other construction works, not speci-
fically mentioned in the text, are indicated on the diagram, but the identifying
words are too small to be read]
These projects will involve the moving of over 7(, million cubic meters of
earth.. When these projects are completed, a flow of as much as 700 cubic meters
per second of Huai Ho water will be available for tLa irrigation of 25 million
mou of tilled land in North Kiangsu. In addition to the more than 503,000
peasant laborers at work on these jobs, there are 3,000 skilled workmen, over
10,000 political and social work cadres, and a corresrlndingly large number of
doctors, nurses, and sanitation workers.
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C0HFIDENTIAL
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