USSR AGRICULTURE REVIEWS 1951 PREPARES FOR 1952

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700060170-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 7
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 5, 2011
• Sequence Number: 170
• Publication Date: April 29, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

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CLASSIFICATION OOHFIDENTIAL
CENTRAL IN ELI IL GENCEAGENOCY
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS
COUNTR:' USSR
SUBJECT Economic - Agriculture
HOW
'PUBLISHED Daily newspapers and monthly periodicals
WHERE
PUBLISHED USSR
DATE
PUBLISHED Jan 1952
LANGUAGE Russian
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or ro 0011117$ a uT Iqm m wl OII011011it1 qU0! a qo?
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REPORT
CD NO.
DATE OF
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
Newspapers and periodicals as indicated,
USSR AGRICULTURE REVIEWS 195'., PREPARES FOR 1952
/Wumbers in parentheses refer to appended sources]
USSR
In the fall of 1951, kolkhozes and ?'S sowed 1.5 million hectares more to
winter crops, chiefly winter wheat, than in 1950,(1)
In 1951, the area sown to annual grasses was three- times that of 1948,
perennial grasses almost two times, and ensilage crops, fodder-root crops, and
cucurbits more than 2.5 times, In 1951, the plan for planting fodder root
crops was fulfilled 101.5 percent, ensilage crops 116,7 percent, and annual
grasses 122 percent, The 1951 plan for harvesting natural grasses was ful-
filled 109.9 percent, and the area cut was almost 6 million hectares greater
than in 1950. In 1952, 4.8 million more metric tons of ensilage are to be
stored than in 1951.
There are 25 million hectares of meadowland in the nonchernozem region of
European USSR.(2)
During the Fourth Five-Year Plan and 1951, USSR agriculture received more
than 670,000 tractors (15-horsepower units) and about 150,000 combines. In
1952, field work is to be mechanized to the following extent: sowing of spring
crops 78 percent, sowing of winter crops 88 percent, harvesting of grains 72
percent, and harvesting of sugar beets 90 percent, The total volume of tractor
work, in terms of soft plowing, is slated to increase 38 million hectares over
1951. More than 40 percent of haying and more than 50 percent of fodder stor-.
age work will be performed by HIS machines, Supplemental fertilization of
winter crops with local and mineral fertilizers will be carried out on 12 mil-
lion hectares, and deep plowing on 18 million hectares in 1952.(3)
STATE 'MAW
ARMY AIR
CLASSIFICATION ' CONFIDENTIAL
NSRS
FBI
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In 1951, kolkhozes of the republic increased their total cover area 17 per.
cent over 1950, including increases of'44 percent for winter wheat and 34 per-
cent for industrial crops.(4)
During the postwar Five-year Plan, the aggregate tractor horsepower avail-
able to Estonian MPS increased 11.5 times. In 1951, MPS performed 45 percent
of all field work on kolkhozes. The volume of tractor work in 1951 vas almost
double that of 1950; MPS performed 625,000 hectares more tractor work than in
1950 and fulfilled the plan for tractor work 103 percent. (5)
Latvian SSR
fulfislOf f 15 January, the 1951 - 1952 Pail-winter plan for tractor repair was
percent for the republic.(6)
grasses In 1949, kolkhozes of the republic fulfilled the plan :or sowing perennial
. 90 percent. In 1950, this figure was 87 percent; in 1951 it was 76
grasses(7)
In 1951, the republic received 1,190 tractors.(8) All 32 sovkhozes in
Shyaulyay Oblast have been fully electrified,((9)
Belorussian SSR
The following table represents percent fulfillment of the 1951 - 1952 fall-
winter plan for tractor T_pair by oblasts of `he republic:
Lithuanian SSR
Oblast
Jan '10)
10 Jan (11)
20 Jan 12
vowel-
42,9
Mogilev
Bobruysk
40.6
36p
4
43.3
3.3
54.1
49.5
Pinsk
27
2
31.1
46.9
Brest
.
34
7
37.6
46.2
Polee'ye
?
3
36.5
45.8
Minsk
333.3 .3
37.5
2
44.7
Molodechno
Vitebsk
30.0
32.3
37.
33.1
43.0 42.7
Grodno
32.4
4
41.6
Polotsk
Baranovichi
32.7
s
24
6
3
.6
34.9
41.4
41.4
.
29.0
39.6
In 1951, kolkhozes of the republic fulfilled the plan for kok-sagyz seed
procurement 223.1 percent. In 1952, kolkhozes of Grodno Oblast are to sow
800 hectares of chicory.(13)
The following information was contained in a speech made by N. S. Patolichev,
secretary of the TsK KP(b) Belorussian SSR, on 24 January 1952:
In 1951, the total sown area in the republic increased 23.6 percent over
1950?. The greatest increases in the eastern oblasts were, registered in Minsk
and Mogilev oblasts. Sown areas by crops increased as follows: grains 23.6
percent, kok-sagyz almost three times, other industrial crops 17 percent,
-.2 -
CONFIDENTIAL
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including flax 14 percent and potatoes 22 percent. For the first time in the
Postwar period kolkhozes Of the republic exceeded the plan for sowing peren-
nial?grasses. The increase in the area sown to perennial grasses over 1950 was
126.6 percent, and annual grasses 26.1 percent.
Sowing. of winter grains in the fall of 1951 was carried out under difficult
conditions. There was insufficient moisture content in the topsoil. This re-
sulted in delayed sowings, delayed sprouting, and caused sowings in many sections
to enter the winter period in an underdeveloped-condition. Since winter rye is
the most valuable hood crop of the republic, kolkhozes must make special efforts
at snow retention to increase the moisture.. supply in the soil and also to pre-
vent freezing of the shoots. In 1951, 44.6 percent of the area sown to grains
in kolkhozes was sown with graded seed.
Y.ok-sagyz is potentially one of the most valuable industrial crops grown in
the republic. The area sowr to this crop in 1951 was almost three times that
of 1950. Despite the dry year, kolkhozes gave the state twice as many kok-sagyz
roots as in 1950. In 1952, savings of kok-sagyz will be further increased.
Until 1951, rubber-bearing plants wer- grown -chiefly by kolkhozea of Bobruysk,
Minsk, Gomel', Poles lye, and Mogilev oblasts. In 1951, kok-sagyz was sown to
small areas in five other oblasts for the first time. None has yet been sown in
Baranovichi or Grodno oblasts.
In 1952, sown areas will be extended over 1951 as follows; kok-sagyz 59
percent, hemp 108 percent, makhorka 30 percent, and sugar beets 38 percent.
The areas sown to flax, potatoes, vegetables, and fodder crops will be increased.
A.total of 140,000 hectares of unplowed fallow (zalezh') and 50,000 hectares of
turf peat are scheduled for exploitation. In 1952, the proportion of industrial
crop savings to the total sown area will increase from 7,9 percent to 8.5 per-
cent, fodder crops from 6.7 percent to 10,3 percent, and cultivated crups to
11 percent,
In 1951 the Belorussian SSR received a large number of tractors, 1,589 com-
bines, 2,900 seeders, 2,600 cultivators, 1,022 flax combines and flax pullers,
and more than 8,000 other machines and trailer implements. Ten MTS were estab-
lished and 100 Mechanized Lend Improvement Branches were set up in M1S. At the
end of 1951, the total draft power In the republic was 38.1 percent greater
than prewar; available combines totaled 150,8 percent of 1940, flax pullers
and flax combines 170 percent, tractor seeders 245.,3 percent, and cultivators
358 percent. At present, MTS have 719 flax seeders and 2,255 flax pullers and
flax combines; aside from the flax-processing plants, there are 277 flax-
processing machines of the moder TL-40. In 1952, the following additional
equipcent will be made available; 900 seeders, 1,200 flax pullers and flax
combines, and 180 flax-processing machines,
In 1951, field work was mechanized as follows in kolkhozes of the republic;
plowing 72 percent, sowing grains and flax 47 percent, harvesting grains with
combines 13 percent, and flax pulling 37 percent, MTS of the republic ful-
filled the total plan for tractor work by 93 percent, but various types of work
which have important bearing on yields were underfulfilled by larger margins;
for example, plowing winter fallow, sowing spring crops, sowing winter crops,
shallow plowing of stubble, haying, and flax pulling. This indicates that MTS
leaders have the tendency to give quality of work and scientific aa::cultural
practices secondary priority, and to concentrate on fulfilling the total plan
for tractor work in terms of soft plowing, which often results in the unde-
sirable prolongation of certain types of work.
In 1952, an increase in the total volume of tractor work has been scheduled,
including an increase of 750,000 hectares for row sowing, 600,000 hectares for
combine harvesting, and 50,000 hectares for flax pulling.
1 _I
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In 1951, 40,694,000 certloads of manure were applied to fields of the re-
public as compared with 29,396,000 eartloads 'n 1950. In 1951, 4,870,000
metric tons of peat were applied to fields as _gainst 3,034,000 metric tons in
1950. In 1951, Polotsk Oblast applied 850,000 metric tons of peat to kolkhoz
fields, and Vitebsk ablest 160,066 metric tons. In 1951, a total of more than
18 million metric tons of local fertilizers (manure and peat) were applied to
fields of the republic, of which spring crops received 13,818,000 and winter
crops 4,213,E metric tons. Spring grains and ?.games were allotted 3,650,000
metric tons of ferti'izers, potatoes 8,767,000) and the rest went to flax and
other crops.
accepting the figures given in the foregoing paragraph, the following con-
clusions may be drawn. Total local fertilizer applied in 1951 was 18,031,000
metric tons (13,818,000 plus 4,213,000). Peat comprised 4,870,000 metric tone
of this total, and therefore manure comprised 13,161,000 metric tone. If
.13,161,000 metric tons of manure are equal to 40,694,o00 cartloads of ms:ure,
one metric ton is equivalent to approximately 3.1 cartloads. Therefore, the
29,396,000 cartloads applied In 1950 equaled 9,432,580.6 metric tons. Local
fertilizer applied in 1950 may therefore be estimated as 12,516,580.6 metric
t' 'g, including 9,1c82,58O.6'meiric tons of manure and 3,034,000 metric-tons
c
In 1952, koi?hozes of the republic are to apply 44 million metric tons of
peat and manure to their fields, almost 2.5 times as much as in 1951. In 1951,
the plan for liming acid soils was fulfilled only 53 per-?;nt for the republic
as a whule, and only 25 rayons did any liming at all. No liming was done in
Gomel', Poles 'ye, Polotsk, Bobruysk, Brest, or Molodechno oblasts. The 1951 plan
for draining marshland was considerably exceeded for the republic as a whole.
In 1952, five new Mechanized Land Improvement Stations and 100 Land Improvement
Branches in MTS will be ectabliahed.(14)
Ukrainian SSR
'Kolkhozes of the Ukraine have exceeded the plan for storing spring crop
seed to be used in the 1952 .prang-sowing period. A considerably larger stock
of cereal, Sudan grass, and lupine seed is available this year than in 1951.
During the winter of 1951 - 1952, 10 million more metric tons of local ferti-
lizers have been applied to the fields than last winter.(15)
In 1951, sugar beet yields by oblasts were as follow Chernovitsy 252
212, and quintals per Vinnitaa hectare, 192.(16) Ternopol' 238, ICamenets-Podol'sk 220, Rovno 213, Kharkov
Moldavian SSR
In 1947,,kolkhozes of the republic applied 2 744 metric tens of all types
of mineral fertilizers to
17,137 metric tons.(17) their fields. In 1951, this figure increased to
In 1950, 96 Percent of the tobacco delivered to the state was low grade.
Conditi;,ns did not improve in 1951.(18)
The following table represents percent fulfillment of the 1951 - 1952 fall-
winter plan for repair work in MPS of the republic.
Type Work LJan 1) 10 Jan 12O~ 20 Jan (21) 2~ Jan 22
Tractor repair 36.2 40.1 48,3
52.4
Combine repair 45.7 47.5 52.3 53.7
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Georgian SSR
During tLa last 5 years, the area planted to citrus crops in the republic
has increased by 23,400 hectares.(23)
Armenian SSR
In - 2, kolkhozes of the r')public will sow 5,000 hectares more to peren-
nial grasses than in 1951, and will harvest perennial grasses from an area
15,000 hectares greater than in 1951. Of the area sown to perennial grasses
in 1952, 20,000 hectares will be set aside for seed requirements.(24)
Three new MTS have been established in the republic: Maralikskaya MIS
in Aginskiy Rayon, Kararaabenskaya MIS in Talinskiy Rayon, and Kafanskaya MIS,
which will service kolkhozes in both Ktfaeakiy and Megrinskiy rayone.(25)
In 1951, MTS of Leningrad Oblast received 610 tractors(15-horsepower units),
200 self-propelled combines, 100 complex threshers with clover hullers, 200
seeders, 300 potato-planting end potato-harvesting machines, and other equipment.
In 1951, agricultural work in the cblast was mechanized to the following extent:
plowing 88 percent, working summer fallov 95 percent, sowing spring grains 51
percent, sowing winter grains 55 percent, planting potatoes 28 percent, harvest-
ing potatoes 26 percent, etc. Combines were used to reap 38 percent of the
sown grain area, and 6! percent of the sown grasses a--a.(26) As of 20 January
1952, MPS of the Oblast had comple.td the 1951 - 1952 fall-winter plan for
tractor repair 53.3 percent.:.27)
During the last 3 years, kolkhozee and MIS of Stalingrad Oblast have re-
paired or built 91; ponds, as many as era tcilt during the previous 30 years.
These ponds supply water to a 2,5-million-hectare area of land. During this
period, kolkhozes built or repaired the irrigation network on an area of 10,000
hectares, and organized flood-rater Irrigation ,11mannoye orosheniye) on an
area of 6,200 hectares, 28,)
In 1951, MPS of Moscow Oblast received more than 1,800 tractors, 700 com-
bines, more than 3,000 tractor shesfer=. about 700 seeders, and more than 4,000
other agricultural machines and lmplemrnts , In
95 percent of all 1951 t of the ,blast performed
Plowing, 90 percent of =caving, , more e than 41 percent of potato
planting, almost 63 percent of grain harvesting, 80 percent of flax pulling,
40 percent of the. working of cultivated crops, and more than 30 percent of
potato harvesting in kolkhozes.(29)
Kazakh SSR
In the spring of 1952, kokhozes of the republic are to organize flood-water
irrigati,.: on an area of 1,300,000 hectare-(30)
In 1951 kokhhczes of Taldy-Kurgan Oblast planted more than three times the
area to kok-sagyz than they did in 1950, and the root harvest almost doublea.(31)
Uzbek SSR
v As c?f 24 January 1952 3,000 hectares of spring crops had been sown in Surkhan-
Dar ya Oblast.(32)
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chairman of the Council as contained in a speech made by ~. Ovezov,
Turkmen SSR, on 22 January 1952:
In 1951, the republic delivered to the state 40,000 more metric tons. of
cotton than in 1950 and 105,000 more metric tons than in 1940. The average
yield in quintals per hectare was one more than
1940. in 1950 and 5,2 more than in
However, in 1951, 134 kolkhozes received yields of below 15 quintals
per hectare; of these, 26 received less than 10 quintals per hectare,
.1Ho~ozes of Mary Oblast fulfilled the 1951 cotton procurement plan
1113 percent, kolkhozes of Chardzhou Oblast 104.42 percent, and kolkhozes
of Ashkhabad Oblast 116.6 percent. To 1.49 and 1950, Tashauz Oblast occupied
lone of the foremost positions in the republic for cotton yields. However, in
951 it was theuoonly one f tthe four herfourtcotton-graving oblasts of the republic
which did not
kolkhozes in the republic did not fulfillan. l th 195].p oof re ent pa n; of 231
these,
6 rayons and 96 kolkhozes were in Tashauz Oblast. The average cotton
in Tashauz Oblast in 1951 was 1.5 quintals per hectare le_a than in 1950 old
Ashkhabad Oblast fulfilled the procurement plan due to the efforts of its
pacemaking kolkhozes and rayons. Holkhozes of Ashkhabad Oblast, first in the
republic to fulfill the 1951 procurement plan, obtained the highest yields in
the republic. However, the average yield for the oblaat as a whole fell off
3.8 quintals per hectare from 1950.
in 1951. MTS of the republic performed tractor work on 746,000 more hec-
tares than in 1950. However, the total plan for tractor work was not ful-
filled. MTS did not fulfill the plan for several important types of work.
In 1951, of 58 MTS in the republic, cnly nine fulfilled the plan for tractor
work.
As of 16 Janue,ry 1952, the 1951 - 1952 fall-winter plan for tractor repair
was fulfilled only 31,7 percent in MTS of the republic, of which capital repairs
were 27.5 percent complete and current repairs, 34,2 percent. This work =at
be completed by 10 March,
system As of 10 January 1952 the fall-vinter plan for cleaning the irrigation
was only 78,2 percent fulfilled. At the beginning of 1952,the elan
for conversion to the new system of irrigation vas 77.7 percent complete.
in 1951, crop rotation was to have been introduced on 275 kolkhozes in the
republic. As of 1 January 1952, preparatory planning work for introduction of
crop rotation had been completed for only 60 kolkhozes,(33)
During the next 5 years the area planted to cotton in the republic will be
increased to 200,000 hectares, the average yield to 25 and the gross harvest to 500,000 metric tons. in 1952, quintals repu bni l hbee pledged
l,
to achieve in average cotton yield of 22 quintals, l din A
khabad Oblast 30, Mary Oblast 21, Chardzhou Oblast per
and tT shauz including 22h-
Sirgiz SSR (34)
2 In 1952, the area sown to fodder crops in he republic will be increased
3 percent, swings of grasses will be carried out on an additional 78,000 hec-
tares, and loving of fodder-root crops and ensilage crops on an additional
19,E hectares,(35)
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SOURUE8
21? Moscow, Kolkhoznoye Proizvodstvo, No 1, Jan 52
. Moscow, Kormovaya Baza, No 1; Jan 52
4. Nallia, Sotsialisticheskoge S gel'ekoye Khozyayatvo, No 1, Jan 52
ovetekya 8etoniya, 3 Jan 52
5. Ibid., .5 Jan 52
6. Riga, Sovetskaya Latviya, 18 Jan 52
7. Ibid., 5 Jan 52
8. Vil'nyus, Sovetskaya Litva, 12 Jan 52
9? Ibid., 13 Jan 52
10. Minsk, Sovetskaya Belorussiya, 8 Jan 52
11. Ibid., 13 Jan 52
12. Ibid., 24 Jan 52
13. Ibid., 25 Jan 52
14. Ibid., 27 Jan 52
15. Moscow, Konsomo1'ekaya Pravda, 4 Jan 52
16. Ktev, Pravda Ukrainy, 15 Jan 52
17. Kishinev, Sovetskaya Moldaviya, 16 Jan 52
18. Ibid., 25 Jan 52
19. Ibid., 8 Jan 52
20. Ibid., 13 Jan 52
21. Ibid.., 22 Jan 52
22. Ibid., 27 Jan 52
23. Pravda Ukrainy, 9 Jan 52
24, Yerevan, Kommanist, 23 Jan 52
25. Ibid., 31 Jan 52
26. Leningrad, Leningradskaya Pravda, 3 Jan 52
27. Ibid., 22 Jan 52
28. Sovetskaya Eatoniya, 9 Jan 52
29. Moscow, Moskovskaya Pravda, 23 Jan 52
30. Alma-Ata, Kazakhstanakaya Pravda, 12 Jan 52
31. Ibid., 25 Jan 52
32. Leningradskaya Pravda, 25 Jan 52
33. Ashkhabad, Turkmenakaya Iskra, 23 Jan 52
34. Ibid., 27 Jan 52
35. Fhwze, Sovetskaya Kirgiziya, 12 Jan 52
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