SOME DATA ON THE USSR FOOD INDUSTRY AS OF FOURTH QUARTER 1951

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700050621-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 7
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 22, 2011
• Sequence Number: 621
• Publication Date: April 16, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

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CLASSIFICATION CONFIDENTIAL
SECURITY INFORMATION
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS
COUNTRY ussR
SUBJECT Economic - Food industry
PUBLISHED Daily newspapers
WHERE
PUBLISHED USSR
DATE
PUBLISHED 2 Oct -27 Dec 1951
LANGUAGE Russian
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REPORT
CD NO.
DATE OF
DATE DIST. /d Apr 1952
NO. OF PAGES 7
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
SOME DATA ON THE USSR FOOD INDUST1T,
AS OF FOURTH QUARTER. 195]
umbers in parentheses refer to appended source::.
Lithuanian SSR
In 1951, the Vil'nyus Fats and Oils Plant produced two times more oil than
in 1950. The plant has been outfitted with new equipment, manufactured in the
Urals, Leningrad, and Rostov-on-Don, resulting in a sharp rise in labor produc-
tivity and a reduction of production costs.(l)
Belorussian SSR
Millions of rubles were spent during the postwar Five-Year Plan on resto-
ration and reconstruction of enterprises of the republic bread-baking industry.
The following bakeries were practically rebuilt: Novo-Belitskiy, Bobruysk,
Gomel', Vitebsk, Minsk, Polotsk, Effid Rogachev. Much attention was given to
increased mechanization of bakeries The semimechanized bakeries in Rechits
and Brest were converted into large-scale mechanized enterprises. Obsolete
equipment is being replaced with new machines, such as high-productive conveyer
ovens, each with a capacity of 15 to 20 metric tons, sifters, dough-kneading
machines, dough separators, etc
Production processes such as flour weighing and greasing of bread molds
are being mechanized. The most labor-consuming processes in bagel (baranka) and
gingerbread production are to be mechanized further in 1952. Port of the new
equipment is manufactured by machine shops in Minsk. The Belarus machine, which
automatically greases molds will find wide application in the Belorussian SSR
and other republics. Large-scale bakeries are to be constructed in Minsk, Lid,
Pinsk, Vitebsk, and other cities and mechanized bakeries in Osipovichi, Orsha,
Borisov, Mstislavi', and Kobrin.(2)
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Ukrainian SSR
Sugar plants of the Voronezh Sugar Beet Trust have announced preterm ful-
fillment of the third-quarter 1951 plan, and have produced tens of thousands
of pud of sugar above plan. The Ertil'skiy, Gribanovskiy, Sadovskiy, and Borin-
skiy sugar plants of this trust have consistently exceeded sugar production
norma.(3)
Construction of a new sugar-beet-processing plant has been cos,pleted in
Kursk Oblast. The new plant, which will go into operation in the next few
days, is to be called the Ksh-*a'skiy Sugar Plant Other sugar plants which
have been completed and will go into operation in October 1951 include the
Bol'shevik Sugar Plant in Kursk Oblast, the Second Gorodokskiy Sugar Plant in
Kamenets-Podol'sk Oblast, the Lanovskiy Sugar Plant in Poltava Oblast, and the
Cherkasskiy Sugar-Refining Plant in Kiev Oblast The new plants have been out-
fitted with the latest equipment, which insures maximum utilization of raw me-
terials.(4)
In the Sumy Krasnaya Zvezda Refinery experiments have been completed on a
new highly productive method of sugar refining Up to this time refined sugar
was poured into blocks weighing 2 kilograms each Then the blocks were made
into cakes by six sawing machines, which were handled by 18 men. Moreover, 20
percent of the refined sugar was conver'ed into sugar dust and scrap, which was
again processed
Using the new process, blocks are formed immediately in a mold into which
special bands of galvanized plates have been inserted, The crystallized sugary
mass (utfil') poured into such molds is quickly cooled and more easily compressed
in centrifugal machines Sugar drying in such molds is cut 6 hours, and mois-
ture content is reduced 10 percent
Introduction of the new method of refined sugar production will have a def-
inite economic effect. The sawing shop is being eliminated, and electric power
and fuel expenses are being reduced considerably As the result of reducing
refined sugar loss in sawing, the plant will produce 112,000 more quintals of
prime-quality sugar during the current season Total saving for the season from
introduction of the new method will amount to nearly I million rubles.(5)
A new refining machine for production of cute sugar has been tested success
fully at the Gorodishchenskiy Sugar Plant in Kiev Oblast. The machine performs
all complicated technological processing operations in sugar production, from
pouring of crystallized liquid sugar mass to cooling of refined cake. Prepa-
ration of refined.sugar by the machine takes only 8 hours instead of 70 hours by
the old method. Use of this machine in sugar plants will release 25 percent of
the workers occupied in cube sugar production, and will greatly increase ef-
ficient utilization of floor space.(b)
The Ukrainian SSR liquor industry fulfilled the 1950 annual plan and the
plan for the first half of 1951 Liquor production in 1950 was 2,5 times that
of 1946. During 1950 and the first half of 1.951 the industry produced 177,000
decaliters of liquor above plan (7)
There are managers in the republic who are trying to fulfill plans easily
by reducing production norms For example, the 1952 production plan for dried
fruits which was introduced by Korneyev, chairman of the Moldpromsovet (Mol-
davian Industrial Council), called for 1,000 metric tons, as compared with
2,260 metric tons actually produced this year. The Ministry of Meat and Dairy
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Industry Moldavian SSR has planned to produce almost the same quantity of ani-
mal fats in 1952 as was produced during the first 10 months of 1951. Lowered
production norms have become habitual in the Ministry of Food Industry Moldavian
SSR, the top personnel of which have repeatedly asserted before Gosplan the im-
possibility of fulfilling additional assignments in wine products and vegetable
oil production, and then exceeded the norm several times. Even now, in making
up the 1952 )uoduction plan, they have attempted to lower production of food
products by 10 million rubles.(8)
Of the various waste materials obtained in processing grapes, the hard
parts of the grape cluster make up nearly 50 percent, alcohol 2 to 4 percent,
and tartaric acid nearly .2 percent The husk is used for distillation of
alcohol and derivation of calcium tartrate. The remaining waste products, which
consist of grape peeling, crowns (greber.'), and seeds (12 to 17 percent), are
often used for fuel, fodder, or fertilizer, but more often thrown away,
However, grape seeds contain oils and tannic acid which are valuable in-
dustrially. Oil content of seeds varies from 9,9 to 17.7 percent, depending on
the grape variety., Seeds of hybrid grapes, which are grown in 60 to 90 percent
of all vineyards in Moldavia, vary in oil content from 13-3 percent for the Ku-
derk grape variety to .L6.6 percent for the Zaybel' grape variety. The European
varieties with largest oil content are Aligote (16.5 percent) and Granuar (17,7
percent). The content of tannic acid in grape seeds (2 to 8 percent) compares
with that of oak wood pulp (3 to 7 percent)
Grape oil has a pleasant taste and can be used as a nutritive, for prepa-
ration of toilet soap, and in oil paint production. Tannic acid is suitable
for the tanning, chemical, and industries, and also for tannin derivation. The
1951 gross grape harvest in Moldavia will total hundreds of thousands of metric
tons. Grape seeds will account for 3 to 4 percent of this harvest, and will
amount to 12,000-15,000 metric tons, from which 1,500-2,000 metric tons of grape
oil can be processed.(g)
Moldavian canners have fulfilled the 1951 plan for canned goods production
dread of time. The Moldavian Canning Trust produced 10.6 million jars of canned
goods above the plan. Annual production is double the prewar level.
Along with rapid growth of production, the assortment has been enlarged
considerably. The Moldavian canning industry is now producing more than 80
Items of meat, tomato, vegetable, and fruit canned goods. The quality of canned
goods has been improved greatly., in 1949, the proportion of prime-quality
canned vegetable production was 36.7 percent of total production. In 1950, it
constituted 60.4 percent, and In the first 9 months of 1951, 74.6 percent.
Because of economical consumption of raw materials and materials, Moldavian
canners achieved a sharp decrease in production costs During the first 9 months
of 1951, 6,800,000 rubles were saved as the result of above-plan reduction of
production costs
The republic canning plants are not yet operating at full capacity. Tomato
and fruit plants stand idle during the winter period. The Canning Plant imeni
Mikoyan was shut down for winter quite inefficiently last year and spoilage oc-
curred. By no means all the possibilities for more economical consumption of
raw materials, fuel, and electric power have been exploited. In the second
postwar Five-Year Plan, production capacities of the Canning Plants imeni 1 May,
imeni fkachenko, and imeni Mikoyan will be doubled. In the Benderskiy Plant
construction of a new vegetable shop and an increase in the capacity of the
fruit shop are planned, The capacity of the Kalarashskiy Canning Plant will be
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ing of fruits. The Tiraspol' Fruit Combine lissbeing iremodeled stouproduce rprrime-
quality fruit and grape juices. A fruit and vegetable marinades shop will also
be constructed here and a pickling shop will be restored. The construction of
new canning plants in Kishinev, Grigoriopol', and Rybnits is planned.
In connection with the large growth in production capacities of Tiraspol'
canning plants, the local raw materials base and power station will be enlarged
considerably. Construction of a plant for production of glass packaging ma-
terials in Tiraspol' will solve one of the most important problems -- the im-
provement of packing of canned production. plan production ofncannedrgoodsito double adtional production
postwar Five Year capacities
Plan e and will
quadruple
the prewar level. To eliminate the seasonal operation of canning plants, pro-
duction of semiproceFaed fruits and vegetables will be increased three to four
times. In 1952, proauction of canned goods will be increased by 15 to 20 mil-
1!on jars as compared with 1951 and quality of packing greatly will be improved.
The Tiraspol' Fruit Combine fulfilled the 1951 production plan ahead of
time and produced more than 1.5 million jars of canned goods above plan. Pro-
duction in 1951 increased 53 percent over 1950.(10)
On 1 December, the Ministry of Food Industry Georgian SSR fulfilled the
1951 gross-production plan 102.7 percent. During the first 11 months of 1951
production increased over the corresponding period of 1950 by 11.8 percent.
Various branches of the food industry fulfilled the gross-production plan by
1 December as follows: tea industry 108 2 percent, wine-making industry 101.2
percent, beer and nonalcoholic beverages industry 104.4 percent, and mineral
waters industry 100.8 percent.(11)
The Starch Plant of Akhaltsikhskiy Rayon Industrial Combine has been put
into operation after the completion of capital repair work. During the current
season the plant will process 500 metric tons more potatoes than last year.(12)
During the first 10 months of 1951, the canning factories of the republic
produced 7 million more jars of food than in the same period of 1950. The 1951
plans for production of canned vegetables, compotes, and jams have been con-
siderably exceeded..(13)
In Khorsha (village on the boundary which separates the mountainous Kol-
khida area from. the Kolkhidskiy Plain) a volatile oil crop sovkhoz and an "ef iro-
pe.egonnyy" fr4_!ther distilling plant of the Georgian Volatile Oil Tru t are
located. The plant has been equipped with powerful distilling apparatus. It
processes daily 50 metric tons of different volatile oil crops.
The area sown to basil in the sovkhoz is being expanded from year to year.
In 1952, the area planted to this crop will be increased to 60 hectares. The
sovkhoz has been cultivating the damask rose (rose damascene) for more than 10
years.
The area sown to this crop is 10 hectares totaling 160,000 damask rose
plants. Part of them are used for seeding purposes, and the remainder a"s desig-
nated for shipment to kolkhozes of eastern Georgia and Armenia.
Of the area planted to basil, 2 hectares are used for seed; the annual
yield is 200 kilograms of seeds. A large part of the seed is shipped to kol-
khozes in Krasnodar Kray. Bitter oranges are being cultivated on one h,etare.
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CONFIDENTIAL
In the next 2 to 3 years the area sown to this crop will be increased to 6 hec-
tares. The oil of the bitter orange is used in the perfume -cosmetic industry
and in the liqueur-vodka industry. On the sovkhoz 20 hectares are sown to
mountain lavender. Lavender oil is used in the food and perfume-cosmetic in-
dustries, and also in medicine, especially for kidney ailments. The aovkhoz
has 150,000 grafts of lavender.(14)
New branches of the chemical industry nave been developing in Georgia.
Tartaric acid production has expanded because of this development and is in
considerable demand by the food, dye, and pharmaceutical industries. Prime_
quality tartaric acid, which is used as a substitute for citric acid, is pre-
pared
sediment,, wasteeproductssoffcognac industrial
plants, dried astartratehusks, tartar, and liquid yeast.(15)
The plants attached to the Armenian Canning Trust have announced preterm
fulfillment of the 1951 plan. During the first 11 months of 1951 enterprises
of the trust produced 5 million more jars of fruits than during all of 1950.(16)
On 1 October 1951, Armenian SSR fulfilled 45 percent of the 1951 grape
procurement plan.(17)
Azerbaydzhan SSR
Bread-baking, confectionery, beer and nonalcoholic beverage, tobacco, maca-
roni, and wine-making enterprises of the republic have fulfilled the 1951 plan
ahead of time.
Since the beginn.ng of 1951, 31,476,000 jars of various canned goods have
been produced. Product variety he. been increase'. Plants of the Azkonserv-
treat (Azerbaydzhan Canning Trust) are producing 14 kinds of preserves, ten
kinds of vegetable canned goods, eight kinds of stewed fruit, seven kinds of
jam, etc.
At the Khachmas plant the production of fruit juice has been mechanized
and equipped with new devices. In 1951, 2 million jars more tomato products,
including sauce, paste, and juice, were produced than in 1950. In the summer
and fall of 1951 the plant processed 300 metric tons of tomatoes.
Azerbaydzhan canned goods are becoming famous throughout the country.
They are sold in stores in Moscow, Leningrad, Sverdlovsk, and Rostov-on-Don.
The canned goods are shipped to the Far North and the Far East.(19)
In Omsk Oblast vine large fats and oils plants and oils
have fulfilled the 1951 plan
ahead of time. The Lukerinskiy, Knyazivskiy, and Novo-Karasukskiy fats
plants have assumed. additional production obligations which are to be completed
by the end of the year.(20)
A retail store of the Moscow Food Combine imeni Mikoyan has been opened 15
Maroseyk Ulitsa in Moscd%?. Up to 70 items produced by the combine will be sold,
among them delicatessen sauces, various canned goods, coffee, condiments, etc.
A tasting room has been opened where all kinds of dishes are prepared in the
presence of the customers. The store is open for business from 0900 to 2100
hours.(21)
CONFIDENTIAL
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Enterprises of the Ministry of Food Industry Kazakh SSR have considerably
exceeded the plan for the first 10 months of 1951?
been supplied with 41,000 metric tons of flour, 1, Workers of the republic have
380metric -
ery goods, 500 metric tons of macaroni, and 261,000 decaliterts ofonsbofeeconr ifnecextciesons
of planned production so far this year During the first 10 months of 1951,
production of flour increased 1.5 times over the same period in 1950, tea 27
percent, and confectionery goods 26 percent. (22)
However, the Ministry of Food Industry Kazakh SSR considerably underful-
filled the 1950 year plan in the production of a number of food products. This
story has been repeated in 1951. For the first 10 months of 1951, although th"
andgrosvegetables
products iwere lnot fulfilled.
This nonfulfillment is due to the inefficiency of the minister and his depu-
ties.(23)
In 1951, the republic produced almost twice as much meat and vegetable oil
as in 1948. Production of canned and confectionery goods increased more than
two times during the same period.(24)
As a result of reduction of losses, Kazakh sugar enterprises have produced
tens of thousands of pud of sugar above plan since the beginning of the sea-
son.(25)
aboveIthen
, the sugar beet trust enterprises produced 1,214 quintals
. The
percent.(26) ?g Yul'skiy Sugar Plant fulfilled the month plan by 200
Reconstruction work is under way on the Ashkhabad Brewery. An annex is
being built on the underground fermentation room. The volume of the room will
be increased by 5,400 cubic meters. New equipment will be installed shortly:
eight new malt-mixers (solodovoroshiteliy), two compressors, and 40 metal tanks
with a capacity of 12,000 liters each. After the reconstruction work is com-
pleted the plant is to increase its output from 20 to 30 percent. The cost of
the reconstruction work will total about 3 million rubles.(27)
Tadzhik SSR
The Tadzhik food industry has fulfilled the 1951 plan ahead of time. Dur-
1n9 the first 11 months and 10 days of 1951, the industry increased production
of wine over 1950 by 91,000 liters, confectionery goods by 298 metric tons,
bread and bakery products by 5,434 metric tons, dried fruits by 946 metric tons,
vegetable oil by 3,611 metric tons, etc. The Regarskiy Fats and Oils Plant
produced twice as much vegetable oil in 1951 as the entire Tadzhik SSR fats and
oils industry did in 1945.(28)
Cotton-ginning plants are giving food enterprises an ever-increasing quan-
tity of seed. The republic fats and oils industry, in spite of its tremendous
growth, is not handling the reprocessing of the available supply of cotton
seed.(29)
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A short time ago the Stalinabad Wine-Making Plant installed a conveyer to
accelerate the. feeding of empty bottles to the filling machine and from the fill-
ing machine to the warehouse. Conveyer output is 900 decaliters a shift, while
output by the old method was at best 450 to 500 decaliters a shift. A second
such conveyer will be installed in the plant in the near future. (30)
Construction work has been completed on the largest industrial enterprise
in Leninabad -- a mechanized bakery located on Shark Ulitsa.(31)
Kirgiz SSR
During the first 10 months of 1951, production in enterprises of the Mini-
stry of Food Industry Kirgiz SSR rose as follows over the same period in 1950:
112 million cigarettes, 224,000 decaliters of beer, and 540 quintals of fish
products.(32)
1. Moscow, Pravda, 19 Dec 51
2. Minsk, Sovetskaya Belorussiya, 16 Nov 51
3. Moscow, Izvestiya, 9 Oct 51
4. Alma-Ata, Kazakhstanskaya Pravda, 5 Oct 51
5. Tbilisi, Zarya Vostoka, 23 Nov 51
6. Petrozavodsk, Leninskoye Znamya, 17 Nov 51
7. Kiev, Pravda Ukrainy, 9 Oct 51
8. Kishinev, Sovetskaya Moldaviya, 2 Dec 51
9. Ibid., 4 Oct 51
10. Ibid?, 16 Nov 51
11. Zarya Vostoka, 7 Dec 51
12. Ibid., 18 Nov 51
13. Ibid., 14 Oct 51
14. Ibid ? 12 Dec 51
15. Ibid., 2 Dec 51
16. Izvestiya, 30.Nov 51
17. Yerevan, Kommunist, 2 Oct 51
18. Baku, Bakinskiy Rabochiy, 27 Dec 51
19. Ibid., 9 Dec 51
20. Moscow, Trud, 7 Oct 51
21. Moscow, Vechernyaya Moskva, 1 Nov 51
22. Kazakhstanskaya Pravda, 24 Nov 51
23. Ibid., 9 Dec 51
24. Ibid., 15 Dec 51
25. Kommunist, 1 Nov 51
26. Tashkent, Pravda Vostoka, 4 Oct 51
27. Ashkhabad, Turkmenskaya Iskra, 9 Oct 51
28. Stalinabad, Kommunist Tadzhikistana, 19 Dec 51
29. Ibid., 2 Dec 51
30. Ibid., 27 Dec 51
31. Izvestiya, 24 Nov 51
32. Frunze, Sovetskaya Kirgiziya, 10 Nov 51
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