HAULING PETROLEUM ON SOVIET RAILROADS AND WATERWAYS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700040596-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 5
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 27, 2011
• Sequence Number: 596
• Publication Date: February 27, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/10/31
.IA-RDP80-00809A000700040596-5
STAT
LANGUAGE
PUBLISHED Book
WHERE
PUBLISHED Moscow
DATE
PUBLISHED 1941
COUNTRY
SUBJECT
HOW
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Or rxt AMMO 11011$ $91110 tat x$0xn$ Of $VI000r$ A. $0
x. $. c.. n 000 11.11 ?x$x$a1. m n$xauuox o$ m $$nunox
or m .111111 u ? uo roar ux.urxanr$o r$ rw
xnnroc11 LAW. niioournox or rxu rou a noxmii o. ~$
As most of the petroleum Nxtracting and refining bases of the USSR are lo-
cated fa of 19417 in Raku, water transport is one of the principal carriers of
petroleum. The m5-in waver routes for hauling this freight are:
Baku - krasnovodsk. Petro-um products destined for Central Asia and the
East follow this route. 11.,ey gc to i_rnscovodek by --ter and then by rail to
the final dent.:nat.ior..
Baku - Maldlach-kale. Fetroleun, prodnctr are shipped from Baku to Makhach-
kala by water, relieving the railrcads of a 350-kilometer haul. From there,
railroads carry therm to the central regions of the USSP and pipelines are used
to carry them to other cons'uners.
Baku - Astrakhan' and along the eulga. The main flow of petroleum products
follows this route to petroleum refineries and transshipping points. In 1937,
6.1 million tons of petroleum were shipped along this route. Of this amount,
73.8 percent was transferred to railroad for shipping to the Volga region, the
Urals, and Siberia, and the r=malning 26.2 percent was shipped directly to ports
along the Volga where it uu trap:-:nipped directly to consumers.
Batumi - Odes.a. Petroleum products destined for southwestern regions of
the USSR follow this route.
SECURIT? IIIFORDLTInIl
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS
CLASSIFICATION RESTRT_C R.STRICTE''
Economic - Petroleum
Transportation - Rail, water
INFORMATION 1913 - 1940
REPORT
CD NO.
DATE OF
DAi E DIST. z7 Feb 1952
NO. OF PAGES 5
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
Cr anizat.si a Ferovook tali:nyk?i Gruzov na heleznodorozhnom
Transpcrte Hao_ing Ligi.id Freight by Railroad Transport)
Gostranszheldorizdat, Moscow, 1941.
In the USSR, river tankers have a freight-carrying capacity of 750-600
tons, while barges carry from 1,000 to 10,000 tons. Maritime tankers have a
capacity of 9,000-10,000 tone.
STAT
ARMY
CLASSIFICATION
NSRS F
RESTRICTE'^
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CIA-RDP80-00809A000700040596-5
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for
RESTRICTE_3
RAILROAD TRANSPORT
The main freight flow of petroleum, which constitutes about 5 percent of
the freight turnover on USSR railroads, originates in Baku, Groznyy, and in
water-rail transshipping points such as Odessa, Krasnovodsk, Makhachkala,
Stalingrad, and Saratov.
Efficient operation and location of loading and unloading stations are very
important in the ratic:.al utilization of railroads for hauling petroleum. In
1939, there were 2,810 stations shipping petroleum. freight in the USSR. Of them,
95.4 percent shipped under 5,000 tons annually and only three stations shipped
more than 2 million tons a year. In the same year, 4,478 stations unloaded
petroleum.
Locating petroleum refineries near the oil wells or at water shipping
bases considerably lightens the load of the railroads. Th^ construction of
petroleum refineries in such places relieved the railroads of hauling 1.2.5
million tons of crude petroleum in 1937 thus decreasing hauling requirements
4.7 billion ton-kilometers a year.
Soviet plants started to turn out four??axle, 50-cubic-meter tank cars
after 1917, and, no small-capacity ()2, 14,', or 16 ton) care are now being
produced. At present, 250 different types of tank cars are being made. Of
these types, the four-axle tank car oP tt:e Plant imeni Marti (type 4) is most
suitable for Soviet railroad transport.
Nine tables giving data on ;r-trolewn hauling between 1913 and 1940 follow.
Table 1. Relative Importance of Different Types of Transport
for Hauling Petroleum.. (in percent of total)
Water Railroad
Year Transport Trans
o
t
p
r
Pipeline
Total
1913 63.3 9t.5 2.2
1930 4
100
5.2 h'.1
1932 44.2 ,;3
2.8
100
1~
1937 43.1
100
14.5
.5
100
Table 2. Relative Importance ,f Petroleum Hauling on Soviet
Railroads (in percent of total freight hauled)
1913 4.4
1.922 5.6
1939 5.4
1940 (11 months) 5.1
Table 3. Relative Importance of Petroleum Hauling on Soviet
Waterways (in percent of total freight hauled)
1922 26.2
1932 15.?
1937 11.6
'ST2.11TF.1
STAT
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CIA-RDP80-00809A000700040596-5
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for
Table 4. Average Length of Haul of Petroleum on USSR Railroads
(in kilometers)
1913
6oi
1928
728
1938
1,263
1939
1,178
1940
1,228
Table 5. Average Length of Haul of Petroleum on Soviet Waterways
(in kilometers)
1913 867
1932 534
1937 494
Table 6. Hauling Petroleum by Railroad From Various Regions
M11-
Mil-
Mil-
Regions
lion
Tons
Per-
cent
lion
Tons
Per-
cent
lion
Tons
Per-
cect
Regions of North
Caucasus
Regions of Lower
Volga and Volga-
Vyatka
1.5
25.8
2.4
14.1
3.4
13.8
Ural regions
0.1
.7
0.4
9.14
1.5
6.0
Far East
--
--
0.1
0.6
0.4
1.6
Ukrainian SSR
0.1
7..?
1.3
7.6
3.8
15.3
Transcaucasus
republics
1.0
17.2
3.0
17.6
8
~?
15.3
Central Asian
republics
0.1
1.7
__1.2
7.1
2.1
6.5
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Table 7. Interregional Hauling of Petr,leum Products by Railroad in 1937
(in million tons)
Shi
ing
pp
Regions
Regions of Destination
Rai road)
Northwest
Ce.itral
Volga-Vyatka
Lower `'olga
Urals
West Siberia
East Siberia
Transcaucasus
Railroad .
System imeni
L. P. Beriya
0.1
0.2
--
0.1
--
--
--
Ordzhonikidze
and imeni Vo-
roshilov rail-
road systems
0.3
1.4
0.3
0.5
0.3
0.1
0.1
cn ~
Central Asia
--
--
0.1
--
--
--
--
Lower Volga
0.1
0.7
0.3
--
0.7
0.4
0.1
ce
Uppcr Volga
--
0.1
--
--
--
--
--
Southwest
(Odessa)
0.8
0.5
Far East Ukraine
--
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.1
--
--
--
STAT
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for
STAT
Petroleum Tonnage ':1.u1ed on '.r,i cn t.n] Black Seas
(in 1,000 tons)
Caspian
Sea
Black
Sea
1931
7,513
1
076
1932
P. it
,
1,314
1933
1,1157
1934
2
264
1935
,
2
834
1.936
,
3,425
1937
3,635
1938
4,700
Cost of Hauling Petroleum by Soviet Transport
Operational
r.rpe.nsea
In
-,ent Co
nsump
tion
Petroleum Product
and Type of
Transport
Pope' ;
l s-Km
In .'Y
Kopeks
per
Ton-Km
Kop
p
Ind
eks
er
ex Ton
-Km
Index
Heavy Petroleum
River transport
0.1390
11)0
1 70R
100 8
61
100
Pipe]in-
;0
290
'?5,
.
271 39
50
445
Pai]rr,a
;u
605
3.000
.
171 5 5.
70
643
Light Petroleum
River transport
Pipelinr.
Railroad
C.2i" 5
100
297
36.3
4
0
100
127
55.7
0
194
Gasoline
River t.rEr)5 rt
.:pcline
10',
100 1.6
110 3t
7
1
0
100
124
Railroad
0 ,7?0
117
.
"
5'5.5 5
i ,0
0
193
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/10/31
CIA-RDP80-00809A000700040596-5