COAL FLOW PATTERNS ON SOVIET RAILROADS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000600400458-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 5
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 25, 2011
• Sequence Number: 458
• Publication Date: July 24, 1951
• Content Type: REPORT

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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS CD NO.
Transportation - Rail
Economic - Coal, hauling
Book 7
Moscow
1949
Russia
DATE OF
INFORMATION 194
DATE DIST. yy J,,l 1951
J SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE
OF TN[ UNITED STATES WITHIN TAO REARING OF ESPIONAGE ACT SO
A. S. C.. SI AND SE. AS AIIENOED. 113 TRANSMISSION ON THE REVELATION
OF ITS CONTENTS IN ANT MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS PRO
VISITED By LAW. REPRODUCTION OF THIS FORM 13 PRONIEITED.
Osnovi Planirovaniya Perevozok na Zheleznodorozhnom Transporte
Fundamentals of the Planning of Hauling on Railroad Transport),
by Yu. I. Koldomasov, Moscow, Transzheldorizdat, 1949, pp 184-190,
COAL FLAW PATTERNS ON SOVIET 'RAILROADS
In the railroad freight turnover coal hauling constitutes the most promi-
nent proportion. The following table shows coal in percentage of all freight
carried:
Year Tons
1913 19.9 1.9.4
1.928 19.4 20.0
1934 25.8 26.2
1940 25.7 25.8
1.945 36.0 31.4
1947 37.2 35.0
In recent years, the importance of coal in the fuel balance of the country
has continually increased. In 1940, coal accounted for 70 percent of the total
amount of equivalent fuel consumed, including firewood, peat, petroleum fuel,
shale, and natural gas. In 1950, coal in the fuel balance of the country will
account for almost 76 percent. More than two thirds of all the coal will be con-
sumed by metallurgy, electric power stations, and transportation.
In 1950, carrying of coal on the railroads should increase to 51 percent,
coi.ared with 1940, and coal, as before, will account for the greatest proportion
of railroad freight turnover.
The average length of coal haul on the railroad systems was as follows:
Year Km Year Km
1913 485 1943 835
1934 658 1944 745
1940 701 1,945 693
1941 750 1946 698
1942 886 1947 679
- 1 -A""" ".K.,
CLASSIFICATION RCOLi"
.-Am
IB
STATE NAVY NSRB DLAIrY
MY AIR F8
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50X1-HUM
The average length of coal haul of the various basins varies greatly. In
1947, when the average length of coal haul was 697 kilometers, Kuznetsk Basin
coal was hauled to the Urals with an average length of haul of 1,800 kilometers,
Karaganda coal was shipped to the Urals with an average length of haul of 1,350
kilometers, and Cheremkhovo coal was sent to the Kuznetsk Basin with an average
length of haul of 1,900 kilometers.
The following table shows the participation (in percent) of each region in
the total coal dispatched on the railroads:
1940
1945
South
51.0
22.6
Jrals
7.9
17.7
Western Siberia
13.5
20.6
Center
+.3
13.9
Kazakhstan and
Central Asia
5.2
8.8
Organization of Planning of Coal Carrying on the Railroads
The planning of coal carrying of the railroads is done by the Ministry of
Coal Industry through the Main Administration of Coal Sales. Moreover, planning
of coal carrying is done by ministries having their own coal mines. However,
the proportion and total volume of the latter's coal carrying are insignificant.
On the basis of the norms for accounting for coal and the production pro-
grams, the state plan for supplying the national economy with coal fuel provides
stocks of coal for each ministry as a whole for one year, broken down by quar-
ters and coal basins. Coal consumer ministries and departments, guided by the
separate coal stocks in each coal basin, present orders indicating stations and
railroad systems of destination to the Main Administration of Coal Sales of the
Ministry of Coal Industry. Shown in an order are the name of the freight ship-
per, the address of the consignee, the station and railroad system of destina-
tion, and the number of tons of coal to be carried, broken down by type of coal.
On the basis of the coal stocks established by the government for each min-
istry and department and on the basis of the orders from the consumers, the Main
Administration of Coal Sales assigns the various coal combines and mines to the
consumers. At the same time, for the Donets Basin, the Main Administration of
Coal Sales of the Ministry of Coal Industry compiles a detailed carrying plan by
station and railroad system of origin and by station and railroad system of des-
tination. After confirmation of the general norms for carloadings of coal for
each quarter, it sends the developed carrying plans directly to the coal com-
bines and the railroad system administrations.
In other coal basins, the Main Administration of Coal Sales assigns the
coal combines to specific consumers. The coal combines present a aetailed carry-
ing plan to the railroad system administrations. To indicate the complexity of
compiling a carrying plan for coal on the railroad systems of the Donets Basin,
it is sufficient to show that the carrying plan is made up for 40 types of coal
and of over 15,000 consumers who receive coal from approximately 100 coal-load-
ing stations of the Donets Basin.
A crucial aspect of the haulage planning is the assigning of mines of the
Donets Basin to coke-chemical plants. The assignment should guarantee, on the
one hand, the supplying of coke.chemical plants with a definite assortment of
coking coals, and,'on the other hand, should guarantee that a minimum of 40 per-
cent of the coal dispatched to coke-chemical plants be sent in long-haul trains.
Standard patterns of freight flow, which prot?ide.-individual assignment of defi-
nite loading stations to the railroad sectors for coal types PZh, PS, K, and G,
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for high ash-content and low ash-content coal q, are set up yearly for coking
coals. There is also set up a list of coal-loading stations, coal trusts, and
coal-cleaning plants, which ship coking coal in complete long-haul trains.
Assignment of coal mines to consumers is done according to the normal pati6
tern of coal flow, and an effort is made to secure the maximum possible concen-
tration of loading in stations for specific destinations to increase the per-
centage of long-haul coal carrying,
Normal Distribution of Coal Freight Flow on the Railroad Systems
in September 1947, the Council of Ministers USSR approved, by decree, the
following zones for carrying coal:
1. Donets coal may not be carried beyond the following railroad systems:
October, Leningrad, Yarcelavi', Gor'kiy (not beyond Gor`kiy rail center), Kazan'
(not beyond Kazan' rail center), Kuybyshev (not beyond the station of Ul'yanovsk
and the Kuybyshev rail center), Ryazan'-Ural (not beyond station of Ural'sk),
Kirov, nor to stations south of Ochemchiri on the Transcaucasus system.
2, Moscow Basin coal may be carried to the following railroad systems:
October (not 'beyond station of Bologoye), Yaroslavl', Oor'kiy (not beyond Gor'kiy
rail center), Kazan' not beyond station of Arzamas), Moscow-Ryazan', Moscow-
Donbass t'nct 'rsy;.,aa stati:)n of Yelets'; Mosro'a-Kursr 'n :t bond station of Orel),
Moscow-Kiev (not beyond station of Bryanak), Western :got beyond stations of
Smolensk and Roslavl';, Kalinin (to the sectors east of the stations of Zemtsy and
ago), and to the Sout~_" aa-s,--.terh - ,to the Yei.eta-1.?yaz ... sector and to the station
So1.~y.1 ~ 1
of Ertil`.. In May 1949, the government permitted tae Miristry of Transportation,
as an exception until the introduction cf new coal t'reigbt flow routes, to carry
Moscow Basin coal in the empty car i'low directions to Ktarkov, Valuyki, Rossoeh',
Gomel", Orsha, Vologda, Novosokol niki, and also to Kanash, C.or'kiy, and Leningrad.
3. Kuznetsk Basin coal may not be carried beyond the following railroad sys-
tems: Perm', Gor'kiy (not beyond Gor'kiy rail center), Kazan' (not }reyond Kazan'
rail center), Kuybyshev (not beyond the station of J'tf.shmy, and to the station of
Bugul'isa for the Ministry of Agricultural Procurement).; it may be carried to the
South Ural System (to the sectors south of the Chelyabinsk rail center, coal for
coking and gas coals only) and to the Orenburg, Ziu keste,e-.Siberia, Tashkent, and
Ashkhabad systems.
4. Karaganda coal may not be carried beyond the following railroad syttem-s:
Sverdlovsk (for industrial purposes), Kuybyshev (not beyond the station of Ul-
yanovsk and the Kuybyshev rail center), Ryazan` UJral (not beyond station of
Ural'sk), Orenburg, and Omsk (to the Petropavlovsk.-Makushino sector).
5. Kizel coal may be carried to the following railroad sytems: Perm'.
Gor'kiy (not beyond Gor'kiy rail center); Kazan' (to the Balezino?-Agryz-Kazan'
sectors), and for the Ministry of Transportation., to the Yaroslavl' (not beyond
station of Vspol'ye), and Northern (not beyond the station of Volodga).
6. Chelyabinsk coal may be carried to the following railroad systems: ?South
Ural (except the following sectors, Shumikha-Makushino, Sinarakaya-Kurgan, Zolo-
taya Sopka-Aydyrlya, and Kartaly-Magnitogorsk), K.rytyshev (to the Kropachevo-Dema-
Ishimbayevo sector), and Sverdlovsk (not beyond the Bogdanovich-Kuzino sector, but
to Apparatnaya, Asbest, Kunara, and Shuvakish stations).
7. Yegorshino coal may be carried to the following sectors of the Sverdlovsk
Railroad System: Yegorshino-Tavda, Yegorshino-Sverdlovsk, Yegorshino-Kunara, and
Yegorshino-Alapayevsk, and to the following stations: Nev'yansk, Bazhenovo,
Asbest, and Verkhnyaya Saida.
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8. Bogoslovskiy coal may be carried to all sectors of the Sverdlovsk
Railroad System, except the sectors southeast of Alapayevsk, except the sec-
tors south and east of the station of Shartash and except to the station of
Apparatpaya.
9. Pechora coal may be carried to the following railroad systems: Pachora,
Northern, October, Leningrad (not beyond Leningrad rail center), Kirov, and
Gor'kiy (not beyond Gor'kiy rail center).
10. Central Asia coal may be carried to the Tashkent, Ashkhabad,+and' Turkes-
tan-Siberia railroad systems.
11. Khakass coal may be carried to the following railroad systems: Tomsk
(in the direction of the main flow of K?znetsk coal, but not beyond the station
of Novosibirsk to the west and Barnaul to the south) Krasnoyarsk (only to the
Achinsk-Abakan-Mariinsk sectors), Sverdlovsk (for the gas generators of metal-
lurgical plants), South Ural (for the gas generators of metallurgical plants),
and Perm' (for the gas generators of metallurgical plants).
12. Cheremkhovo coal may be carried to the following railroad systems:
Tomsk (in the direction of the main flow of Kuznetsk coal), Eastern Siberia
System, Krasnoyarsk System (excluding the Achinsk-Abakan sector), Transbaykal
System, Amur System, and Turkestan-Siberia System (not beyond Semipalatinsk).
13. Chernovskiy coal may be carried to the Transbaykal Railroad System and
to the Petrovskiy Zavod-Ulan-Ude sector of the Eastern Siberia Railroad System.
14. Bukachacha coal may be carried to the Transbaykal Railroad System and
to the east, but not beyond Volochayevka.
15. Kivda-Raychikhinsk coal may be carried to the Amur F'stem and the Far
Eastern System (up to an including the Khabarovsk rail center).
16. Suchan coal may be carried to the Primorskiy System and the Far Eastern
System (to the Guberovo-Khabarovsk sector).
At the present time the indicated pattern of freight flows is based on the
quarterly plans for coal carrying set up according to systems of or- ,A and des-
tination.
To prevent the inefficient carrying of coal of the same types on the rail-
roads of the Donets Basin the freight flow patterns for Donets coals shown in the
appended sketch are used.
fppended sketch follows,]
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PLAN OF NORMAL HAULS OF DONElS BASIN COALS
(Omitting Hauls of Coking Coals)
Odye ~. Tn Res Jav
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