CHINESE GOVERNMENT ANNOUNCES 1951 AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AND PRODUCTION QUOTAS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000600390650-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 6
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 18, 2011
• Sequence Number: 650
• Publication Date: June 14, 1951
• Content Type: REPORT

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CLASSIFICATION CONFIDENTIAL
coNF1 IM.
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY REPORT
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS CD NO.
COUNTRY China
SUBJECT Economic P Agriculture
HOW
PUBLISHED Daily newspapers
WHERE
PUBLISHED China; Hong Kong
DATE
PUBLISHED 1 Feb - 5 Apr 1951
LANGUAGE
,.. ......._ _.
or TNl olITro STxn, W I .
r... C.. 1 AND 11.11w ?rrwwa.. Or TOArtrlrflOw Ow iwl wwrrlATNfr
Ml1171 0 IT LAP~iANY M e NE: or To io is o1 ,i07iiinc IN rwo
STATE
ARMY
Newspapers as indicated.
DATE OF
INFORMATION
DATE DIST. /y Jun 1951
NO. OF PAGES 6
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
CH MSEE GOOVER &imniTNCF.S 1951
AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AND PRODUCTION 4 &S
lic
The Government Administration Council of the People'a Republic
a
of China, at its 70th conference on 2 February 1951) announced
ten-point policy for agriculture and forestry for 1951. These ten
points included the general policy of protection of land reform,
farm taxes, promotion of mutual aid organizations and cooperatives,
increases of production of foodstuffs, cotton, tobacco, and hemp,
and control of forests to prevent their abuse, whiles tat
the s same
ment
time, increasing afforestation, and encouraging p
in agriculture.
Satisfaction was expressed over 50oproduction tadata, while
ilel
production increases of 7.1 perovr in foodstuffs
cotton, 3l4
raw materials were planned, including ng 36.9 in oil-producing crops.
c
percent in tobacco, and 9.'~.7pn
Agricultural conferences on the regional, provincial, and local
levels outlined plans for carrying out the Central People's govern-
ment's policies and allocated acreage to be devoted to various crops,
setting production aims for each.
Numbers in parentheses refer to appended sources.
National Agricultural Policies
One of the most important policy Points of the People's lest Rep lliceO. China to
production
is to increase agricultural production. To encourage
regulate the acreage devoted to variouscerpps,_theLAoverm=ht. tbtrttion
Council, at its 70th conference on 2 February 1951 passed the agricultural and
forestry production plans for 1951. The principal points in these plans were
as follows:
NAVY
AIR
MSRB
FBI
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1. In old liberated areas, where land reform has been fully carried out,
property received by the people is to be effectively protected against encroach-
ment. In newly liberated areas, in the process of carrying out land reform,
property rights are to be fixed immediately and deeds issued. In areas where
land reform has not yet been undertaken and only rent reduction has been
carried out, the principle that the one who tills is the one who received is to
be effectively carried out.
2. A fair and reasonable farm tax policy is to be applied. In case of
increased output due to diligence in improving farming techniques, the amount
of production over the normal amount is not to '~e taxed. On the other hand,
when output falls below normal due to negligence, no consideration is to be
shown in reduction of taxes. What is considered to be over the normal produc-
tion level is to be decided upon democratically by public recognition. To give
both material and honorary encouragement, the Central People':, government is
opening a model worker movement and a popular production campaign. Wherever
management and leadership have shown obvious merit, they should be given praise.
Unproductive landlords and greedy and lazy ones are to be reformed. In old
liberated areas, the landlords and old-style rich peasants are to be encouraged
to participate in labor after land reform has been carried out, and, according
to orders from the government, after 3 years for the rich peasants and 5 years
for the landlords, they may apply for the farm village representatives assembly
to change their apportionments, subject to approval by the People's government.
3. Mutual aid work organizations should receive all possible encouragement
and support from the people's governments. They may obtain national loans,
technical instruction, superior seeds, and priority in obtaining agricultural
sprays and equipment and new-style farming implements. Also, they are to receive
priority in marketing farm products and by-products through government trade
facilities. Hiring of temporary short-term labor is to be permitted among
these farmers' mutual aid bodies. The hiring of labor by rich peasants is to
be permitted.
4. Production of raw materials vital to industry is to receive government
encouragement to assure the supply of cotton, hemp, and tobacco. Reasonable
prices are to be me._ntained and market outlets assured. Prices are to be fair
and reasonable and according to quality, and it is forbidden to undergrade a
product when buying it. A system of farm-product contracts and credit management
is to be instituted. Levies on cotton and tobacco farmers are to be paid in a
lump sum, and may be paid in.crops.
5. Wooded mountains are to be controlled. Bu'..,ning-off or excess cutting
of forests is strictly forbidden, and areas are to bi demarcated for supervision.
Planting of trees and orchards and cooperative afforestation are to be encouraged.
Dissimilar areas are to be differentiated, and the digging of tree or grass roots
is to be strictly forbidden. To obtain good results in planting and caring for the
forests, the people's' governments .should give both material and honorary recogni-
tion. In rugged mountain areas and on undeveloped lands, the rpasses should be
encouraged to engage in afforestation. They are to retain the rights of forestry
and reforestation of these lands.
6. Repair and construction of water conservancy projects is to be encouraged,
since water conservancy leads to increased production. The masses are to manage
such work themselves on a cooperative basis. Any production above normal in any
given area which results from such work within 5 years will not be subject to any
additional levies. Products from newly reclaimed lands will not be taxed for the
first 3-5 years, but it is strictly forbidden to open rough mountain terrain or
steep slopes to cultivation. In mountain areas already under cultivation, the
necessary terraces will be built and maintained. It is to be stressed to the
cadres and explained to the masses that to open mountainous areas or steep lands
to cultivation is detrimental to the'people as a whole. This cannot be overempha-
sized.
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101MOETI
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7. Profits from cattle raising are to be protected. An increase in live-in livestoc stock is to homeninn raise the
levelinitiatedof insurancek
raising.
is to be pushed.
8. Farmers are to be encouraged to invest in increased production. Mutual
aid societies are to be started and cooperatives are yo be relied upon. Freedom loans to berpis
istno eaninstituted, timegto mante akeeuseoofrnational invea menu
to be provided.
and loans. The government is to offer protection and encouragement to invest-
ments by private parties in development of forestryoand agriculture thand em aterevel-
conservancy projects and loans by private parties
oping production.
9. In isolated areas where food production is rather large but there is no
way of the it to market Northern
areas ncreased production
ofin the Southwest), the
of hog bristles and the raising of cattle and horses, as well as the distillation
of fuel alcohol to enable the farmers to obtain fair prices for their products.
Certain areas are suitable to the introduction of cotton, tobacco, or hemp, wbidh
can be shipped to market.
ter-
10. It is absolutely forbidden for landlo, pecialuarente, aand nd countet
revolutionaries to engage in such reactionary practices of land, slaughtering of livestock, sabotag:-g of farm equipment, chopping down
demolishing of structures. The people's governments are to enforce
of trees, or this strictly. (1)
-
Production Quotas for 19 1
Over-all production figures for 1950 indicate a successful completion of Food production for the that year's agricultural -production 1949 quotas. .cott n production increased 59.8ypercent.
a whole was 1 10..8$ percent above 1949,
For 1951 over-all production increases'of 7.1. percent in foodstuffs and
industrial raw materials are planned. This incl{ddese36.9ippercent inic tton, 69.1
in hemp for use in bags, 324.8 in tobacco, 35.1 ' 14. reducing
land roducing
cocoons, 56.8 in wild cocoons, 9.7 in oil-producing craps, 29.1 in sugar-p
crops, and 20.8 in aquatic products. In addition, 2 millionng u of0la doaareYto
be reforested, and 56,000 mou will be devoted to raising
saplings; s are to be p
Spe
is to be ddomestic dddraft animals,aspec'altproducts, andcvillageial indus- to
tries. (1)
Simultaneously with the national conference in Peiping, conferences on
regional levels were being held in various places. (2)
i. Central and South China Region
d
lethe vel Central andcrease
For example, production. plans fothe r for
South China
ntginn roduction ofnf odstuffs, expansion of cultivated area by 1.2
of cn percent nt an in p increase percent. Cotton production
with per the area devoted to it to be increased
isrtobe and n increased by 64.9 of production
by to be ien yield per mou by 35.1 percent. Tobacco production is to be
Peer rcent, P the area devoted to it by 1}06 percent, and the yield
increased by ebt 439..1 and
ny
per mou by 6.5 percent. (2)
naturoral
The production record for 1950nis used saof base. agricultural products,
calamities, this record vas 56,7 and 76.7 percent of
96 percent of the goal, 10.4 percent above the 1949 figure otal production of
the prewar figure (average of the years 1931-1936).
C NFWENTsAl.
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cotton was 236,250,000 market si?' 1 .6 p~..r,-?ent c_f the goal and 31.8 percent of
1949, or 76 percent of the prewar figure.
The forestry goal for 1951 as fixed at 1,960,000 market mou, of which
710,000 are to be afforests.; 29,170,000 trees are to be felled, and 7,898 market
mou are to be devoted to raistng -.eplingn; 74D,0O0 catties of tree seeds are to
be planted. The reconi for 1950 1 gt.ven as 389,565 market mou having been
afforested, 559 percent above the goal. Altogether 91,864,089 trees were felled,
685 percent of the geel. Also, 3,569 market mcu were devoted to raising saplings
and 85,028,181 bsplisga were felled., a total of 95 percent of the goal; 736,800
catties of tree keen were io:i.a^t,ed, 2 reroer.'? of ::he goal. (3)
2. Kwangtung Province
The ^:en`ereare dealing, ti:: GL. xcri. _n end forestry for Kwangtung
Province set as its goal an ir::-?eaee of 'CG m'I-r- rattles of foodstuffs above
the 1950 figure. Ms ?od+~ of marra?e.mert or Fxr~;a:e completion of production quotas
were discussed, w?`th much emph.asia place:3 or water conservancy. It was claimed
that through proper ;pater not, a;:.iy are floods prevented, but the constant
source of .rater for i.rr:gatioc, thrnug groper control, can lead to making two-
crop field; cut of former ci.g:le-crn_ c ;ce and b ee? ,op fields out of former two-
crop ones. There would be n resuloa-.:t i ^.: aea of 300 percent in production, with
the yield per mou by 50 stti?a.
the A cca.: er -ed x-aer p..m to pre ~~~*'_. + ....c = axead of insects was discussed,
which would include negec~1.on or ,=gin=tat: cn work in the fields, and the
use of hot water or 5+a... =?a.te"? for sca.4ti'.:!LZ E??=:.~~~ a'0cording to the plug, the
reduction In dan%,ge you smo:m.t to 30 r?a-:t=.e s per mou. Selection of seeds
would also lead to ?20 per nou. (3)
3. P:nren. Province
in Ronan Province, the plar. for -clout tng 5.4 million market mou
of cotton, with a product'_rn of i,458,OCO ma..:ket of raw cotton. (4)
4. Kwangsi Province
In the )._1 hs,lens &n:"Luid Kweillr in Kwangsi Province, the goal of 40
million catties over 1950 was get, and :obaccc, ramie, and sugar were to be
pushed. It was also planned to repair or construct small-scale irrigation
facilities for 200,OCO mou. carry out -neect control for 150,300 mou, select
seeds for 60,000 mou, and innocaiate 103,000 cattle against rinderpest. Also,
600,000 catties of bone meal and 700,000 catties of ammonium sulfate.: are to
be distributed. In all, the total cultivated area was to be expanded by 300,000
mou, with areas devoted. to tobacco maintained at, 12,000 mou, ramie at 8,750 mou,
and sugar cane at 620 mou. ()
5. Shansi Province
In the Northwest, Shanl-~i Province is stressing cotton productio;L, with
a production quota get at 66 million cat-Vies over the 1950 production of 52
million catties. Foodstuffs production was to be increased 700 million catties
above the 1950 figure of 5.2 billion catties. It was expected that the old
liberated areas would be back to the prawer normal production level, and the
newly liberated areas would reach 85 percent. (6)
6. Chekiang Province
For 1951 production, Chekiang Province set forth a nine-point policy,
as follows:
4
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. .N7' aA
all
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CONFtt:
a. Foodstuffs--An increase of one billion catties over the 1950
figure of 10.3 billion.
b. Cotton--900,000 mou, including 531,000 mou of improved cotton
and 369,000 mou of medium-gCdt'- cotton, at the same time striving to raise the
yield per mou to 26 catties, for a total of 234,000 market piculs.
c. Hemp--Increase acreage to 165,000 mou, including that of yellow
hemp, and raise the yield per mou to 360 market cattier.
d. Sericulture--Maintain 1.3 million mou of mulberry bushes; sell
900,000 improved egg sheets, together with 340,000 market piculs of silkworms.
e. Tea--Maintain the same acreage, but improve cultivation methods
to raise the quality, increase the yield of black tea, improve the quality
although reduce the quantity of green tea, for a total production of 194,000
market piculs.
f. Livestock--Maintain the present number of 30,000 head of cattle,
but increase the number of hogs to 200,000 lead and sheep to 50,000 g. Forestry--Organize the masses into a "Tend the Forests" movement.
h. Village Supplementary Industries--Investigate production and raise
marketing conditions to set production quotas,. improve techniques, and the quality of the products.
t. Fruits and Vegetables--Press :, increased production of the
better varieties, call for tending of orchards by the masses,.and encouraggveips,
the planting of orchards. Increase the production of Chinese cabtage,
and melon seeds. (7)
In round figures, an increase of one billion catties of foodstuffs,
10 percent over the 1950 figure of 10.3 billion catties, is planned for
Chekiang Province. (8)
7. &hahtung Province
Shantung planned an increase of foodstuffs production of from 1.5-2
billion catties. The area devoted to cotton is to be increased to 7 million
mou to meet the demand for 2,030,000 piculs'of raw cotton. Tobacco is to be
expanded from 190,000 mou to 425,000 mou, while areas originally scheduled for
cultivation of peanuts are being changed to cotton production. (8)
8. North Kiangsu
At the Northern Kiangsu Agricultural Conference, which convened on
1 February 1951, production quotas were set for 1951. They include 9.2
billion catties of foodstuffs to be produced, and 4.5 million to be
were
devoted to cotton production, with a goal of rivers 0 and harbors, removing
outlined for flood-prevention work; dredging of
of shoals from inland rivers, repair of culverts and store sewers,faanndipvieveven-
tion of drought. Stress was also placed on organizing
control, which has been quite severeviri the area. Plans for r9ot co sOfor
to ,00er 0 mou;
1951 ware an increase lu acreage of Tong-gzy eaed rice 1,697,000
increased by
230 to 572,000 and; sales of barley, with an increase of 657,500
230,,0 000 catties; atties; and cotton on by y 4,833,000
mou in acreage. (9)
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CQ'F1DEk~i,
9. South Anhwei
Southern Anhwei's agricultural production plans, announced on 21 Janu-
ary 1950, includes IM iwcreasa-?ot?-10C, million catties in f6ad6tufff District,
which 60 million catties are to be from the vital 7Hssuuaanc 'feng rom peci-ial lhDu
33 million from Ch'ih-thou Special District, million
Special District. Also, 170,000 mou were to be planted with cotton, with an
expected yield, at the rate of 24 catties per mou, of 10,800 market piculs of
raw cotton. In the rehabilitation of stricken areas, special crops such as
peanuts, sesame, rape seed
cocoonsewere e planned. Thetnumberdofodraftsoxen is
total be of 2875 includes
to be expanded by 7,500 from the present 180,000. The forestry program
puipose. (10)saplings; 8,000 mou
for theraising
by 300with team0 smorganizeddevoted
a0re,to0beo afforested forests,
1. Peiping, Jen-min Jih-pao, 15 Feb 51
2. Shanghai, Ta Kung Pao, I Feb 51
3. Hong Kong, Ta Kung Pao, 22-Mar 51
4. Peiping, Jen-min I Jih-pao, 25 Feb 51
5. Hong Kong, Ta Kung Pao, 5 Apr 51
6. Peiping, Jen-min Jih-pao, 19 Feb 5'.
7. Shanghai, Hsin-wen Jih-pao, 13 Feb 51
8. Shanghai, Chieh-fang Jih-pao, 15 Feb 51
9. yang-chow, Su-pei Jih-pao, 13 Feb 51
10. Shanghai, Ta Kung Pao, 1 Feb 51
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