DISCUSSES FACTORS IN LAND-REFORM PROGRAM; CHANG REPORTS ON AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY IN EAST CHINA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000600340526-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 16, 2011
• Sequence Number: 526
• Publication Date: September 13, 1950
• Content Type: REPORT

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CLASSIFICATION CONFIDENTIAL UUNtIUtN I [AL
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY REPORT
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS CI) NO.
China
Economic -? Agriculture, forestry
Daily newspapers
Peiping; Shanghai; Hong Kong
IN IS DOWNINT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE MATIOIIAL DIFIMI
OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING OF OFIOMASI ACT 00
Y. f. C.. STAND SE. AS ANV.MD10. In TRANSMISSION OR THE REVELATION
SIGNED .1ILAW. 1 RIFFODOCTIOM OF THIS PORN IS I FROIINITOO. It MO?
DATE OF
INFORMATION 1950
DATE DIST. 13 Sep 1950
NO. OF PAGES 4
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
DISCUSSES FACTORS IN LAND-REFORM PROGRAM;
CHANG REPORTS ON AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY IN EAST CHINA
PEAS ANTS ORGANIZATIONS TO BE REORGANIZED -- Peiping Jen-min Jih-pao, 16 Jul 50
In the prosecution of the land reform, three important factors must be kept
under control.,
1. Peasants` Organizations
Experience in land-reform work in Honan indicates that after the pre-
liminsry propaganda work has been started, the peasant's organizations should
be overhauled. This is particularly necessary in the agricultural associations.
By such reorganization, it is desired to establish the agricultural associations
firmly on the old foundations and expand them with a pure leadership having the
basic class consciousness necessary for the expansion of the power and class ac-
tivity of the peasants. In this reorganization, exclusiveness should be elim=
inated. The organizations should be bold encugh to take in large members of
middle-class farmers and women, always maintaining the principle of chief re-
liance upon the poor farmers and farm laborers. Those with unorthodox ideas on
the matter of classes should be resolutely cleaned out. Where corruption and
factionalism exist among the peasants, they should be corrected by criticism
and self-criticism. Thus, stability and unification of the agricultural asso-
ciations may be secured. In connection with the reorganization it would be
well to hold a political election for cadres, such election to be conducted in
a democratic manner by the village committees. A.y cadres re-elected would con-
tinue to serve. This would afford an opportunity for democratic education for
the masses and serve as a test for the cadres. The main purpose of this proce-
dure is to give the agricultural associations the benefit of the people's direc-
tion when carrying out the land-reform program.
In Honan, four steps were taken in making up the classifications:
discussion, classification, review, and approval. No rule-of-thumb method of
determining an individual's classification will do. It must be worked out after
CLASSIFICATION
-~~~-y'y NSRB ~
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CBNEI EN I F"d.
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full discussion of each case; and the result must be approved by the ch'u
3. Act According to Law
Before confiscation or requisition of property, a meeting of the
people's delegates should be convened to take the following preliminary steps
in preparation:
a. Make the people understand what may be divided and what may not
be divided for redistributioy. The five [types of property that may be di-
vided are land, implements, work animals, village buildings, and surplus grain.
Property that may not be confiscated includes commercial and industrial real
estate, original estate property, and floating capital. Maltreatment and slaughter
may not be employed and'the interests of the middle-class farmers may not be in-
jured.
c. Prepare to meet opposition from landlords or attempts on their part
to damage their property. In most:cases, if careful consideration is given to in-
nately obstreperous landlords may be turned over to the people's courts for hand-
CHANG K'E-HSIEH REPORTS ON PROGRAM -- Shanghai Ta King Pao, 20 Jul 50
Chang K'e-hsieh, chief of the Department of Agriculture and Forestry of the
Military and Administrative Committee of :.ast China, has rendered the following
report on the agriculture and forestry program of the department for the first
half of 1950.
The East China Regional District, exclusive of Taiwan, embraces more than
297 million mou and 96 million peasants. Of this area, about one third is old
liberated territory where land-reform has already been achieved, and enthusiasm
for production increases each year. In the newer territory, where the bandits
have been expelled, rent reduced, and oppressors opposed, the people are also
active in producing. However, because of long oppression, wars, and natural
calamities, they produced in 1949, a little less than half of the prewar amount,
that is, only 40 billion catties of grain and one million piculs of cotton. We
received an order to increase the grain output by 3.2 million catties and to in-
crease the cotton acreage by 15 million mou, bringing the cotton production up
to 3,900,000 piculs. The Central government also invested and lent 240 million
catties of rice, while the East China Finance and Economics Committee set our
production goals.
Meetings were held to make concrete plans to attain these goals, calling
on the masses to work hard for economic restoration. In spite of the disasters'
last winter and this spring, difficulties have been overcome by relief and mutual
help, and spring and summer operations have been carried on. Details on how the
agricultural program was executed are as follows:
Water control and conservancy had been neglected and repairs were ur-
gently needed. The Central government put in 15 large irrigation canals, lent
20,000 water wheels, and opened 20,000 wells. The people were encouraged to do
the work, while the government gave loans and technical assistance under the
formula, "People do, government helps." Work of this kind has gone on at 23,000
points in Chekiang. In south Kiangsu some 3,000 water wheels have been powered
by charcoal, gas engines, and dyke repairs have been made at 1,700 points. Shan-
'rung has made 20,000 water wheels and opened 20,000 wells. Anhwei has made repairs
at 2,120 places. It is estimated that about 13 million mou have been benefited.
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2. Use of Fertilizer
While the use of commercial fertilizer has decreased, on the whole
collected fertilizer has increased. A 60-percent increase has been noted
in the eastern part of Shantung. In the Kiang nan area, south Kiangsu, peas-
ants have added muck and offal to the fields. In Chekiang, the increase has
been onefold to twofold. The Central government and banks have helped out
with loans.
3. Pee'- Control
Efforts have been made to prevent damage by insect pests and plant
diseases. Last year, Kiangsu and Chekiang provinces lost 1,500,000,000 catties
of rice because of insects, and 10 to 50 percent of the wheat crop because of
yellow rust. This spring, some 100 experts were trained and 25 prevention sta-
tions were set up. About 680,000 cattier of dusting powder and 10,000 machines
have been brought into use.
In April and May, anti-insect campaigns were organized, beginning in
Fukien and coming northward into Chekiang and Kiangsu. Students were sent out
to the villages to cooperate with local officials in arousing the populace. In
30 districts around Fu-chou, 480,000 moths were caught and 537,000 eggs destroyed;
in Chekiang, 7,720,000 moths and 22,300,000 eggs; and in south Kiangsu, more than
170 million all told. In north Kiangsu and Shantung, locusts appeared in June,
but the people destroyed them before they became a plague. The chief factors in
such campaigns are psychological and moral; and these campaigns show how much
latent power there is in the working classes.
People have been encouraged to select good seed. Seed committees have
been set up everywhere to work with farm experiment stations, and 480,000 mou
have been set apart for rice seed plots, with 12,000 mou for other seeds. Good
wheat seed to the amount of 17,800,000 catties was purchased and this year seed
selection and contests have been pushed.
5., Special Products
For cotton planting, 15,200,000 mou were assigned and despite difficulties
this quota has-been met. This year 280,000 piculs of good cottonseed were bought
and 33 good seed stations established. Of 880,000 mou of controlled cotton fields
490,000 were planted with new seed, to the delight of the farmers. For hemp, 780,000
mou were assigned''and this'quota has been exceeded. Of high-quality silkworm eggs,
840,000 sheets, were lent in Kiangsu and Chekiang. By improved methods the expected
yield of 270,000 piculs was brought up to 360,000 the capacity being 420,000. The
Central government set the.price this year at 321 to 4 piculs (of rice?) per picul
(of silk?), which made the people more assiduous.
6. Stock Raising)
There has been a shortage of farm animals, but no widespread pestilence.
This year,."880;000 head received injections. In Shantung, some veterinarians vac-
! inated.;1,'$O0?in a day, which is a record; and $,460,-000 cubic centimeters of serum
mere preg*ed for use. Various districts have adopted plans for preserving work
cattle, aind'-most plahes have prohibited slaughtering.
7. Agorestatibn
TFfe-aim here is protection and extension of forests. In the older dis-
tricts, through popular ccrimittees, destruction of forests has ceased; but, in the
newer areas, some destruction still occurs, so protection is an important matter.
For the whole region, a k 4a has, been set of 159,150,000 seedlings to be raised.
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A quota of 80,850,000 trees are to be ?lanted on 755,000 mou in the hills.
The Central government has invested 12z million catties of millet in forests
and incomplete figures show 70 million seedlings have already been started.
The work must be pushed during the present rainy season.
8. Labor organization
Organizing labor for mutual help has becore an established custom
in the older districts, with more than 50 percent of the force already or-
ganized. Many women have been drawn into.thuse activities, thus increasing
their efficiency. Difficulties due to shortage of labor have been overcome
this spring. Poor families among the martyr (hose p-rsecuted by Nationalist87,
soldier, and labor groups have thus been assured of tilling, through
others' help.
A final problem is that of Mork during the second half of the year and
plans for 1951. The masses must be organized into preventive and productive
work. Harvesting, winter plowing, and training of cadres in leisure time must
all be planned for. Concrete programs must be arranged by local officials. To
be effective, prevention of insect pests oust be on a year-round basis. North
of the Yangtze River, anti-insect chemicals have been put into wheat fields on
a large scale. Older districts are calling i'or labor-hero conferences and ex-.
hibitions, which the newer areas may also well emphasize. Selection of good
seed must be stressed, especially as regards cotton.
Plans for next year must be laid carefully, with an 8-10 percent increase
of grain in the older, and 5-8 percent increase in the newer areas, and a goal
of 4 million piculs of ra;= cotton.
INCREASES AGRICULTURAL AREA -- Hong Kong Wen-hi- Pao, 22 Jul 50
Kalgan, 20 July (Hsin-hua) -- The .1950 plan to clear 545,000 mou of waste-
land for production in the eastern sector of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Re-
gion is progressing satisfactorily. During 1948, 661,000 mou of wasteland were
made productive. In 1949, some 2 million additional mou were cleared and have
increased the total. grain yield by 150,000 tons. The agricultural area in the
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was increased to 13,963,000 mou in 1949.
The projected increase of grain yield by 82,000 tons, during 1950, has al-
ready been fulfilled by 50 percent. In Cha-ch'1-t'e Banner alone., farmers cleared
54,900 mo? by mid-April, surpassing the original plan by 12,700 mou. The expected
yield of grain per mou from the newly cleared wasteland is 150 catties.
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