THE PROBLEM OF GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF USSR COAL CONSUMPTION

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• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000600320116-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 10
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 18, 2011
• Sequence Number: 116
• Publication Date: June 16, 1950
• Content Type: REPORT

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INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS CD NO.
cLASSIF?~,1 r 50X1-HUM
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY REPORT
COUNTRY USSR
SUBJECT Economic goal industry
HOW
PUBLISHED Monthly periodical
WHERE
PUBLISHED Moscow
DATE
PUBLISHED Dec. 1940
LANGUAGE Russian
TNI$ DOCDNt11T CONTAIN INFORMATION AttfCT1Nf ,1I6 NATIONAL DEFENSE
IOi, THE . 31 AND 22. AS ANINDNO. ITS T,ANNN flI?' of TNf NOTRAnON PERSON
or ITS
xR TO An U
N OF THIS tONN MANTHOis IZIYON .IITND. IN tN0-
NIrITtD .TTLAW. I fftDODOCTO
DATE OF
INFORMATION 1939 - 1940
DATE DIST. 16 Jun 1950
NO. OF PAGES - 10
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
yffE PROBLEM OF GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
-~~ OF USSR COAL CONSUMPTION
Data on the Main Administration of Coal Sales, People's Commissariat of
Coal Industry, on the distribution of co.l consumption refers to the total
deliveries, excluding deliveries to the Peoples Commissariat of Transporta-
tion (NKPS), the People's Commissariats of Maritime Fleet and River Fleet,
and various undistributed consumers, or to 60.2 percent of total 1938 deliveries
and to 59.0 percent of total 1939 deliveries. The greatest part (32.34 percent
of the total 1939 coal consumption) among the consumers not distributed accord-
ing to regions is taken. by railroad transport (NIPS), data on which is collected
and processed not according to regions but according to railroad systems.
The following table shows the general characteristics of the coal con-
snmpt?ion in railroad transport and the connections between railroad transport
and the various fuel bases in 1939
Percent of NKPS Percent of Basin's
Consumption Sup- Deliveries Taken
-plied bBasin byIS ___
,
57.60 30-90
Donbass
Moscow Basin. 057 3.08
Kuzbass 17 90 39.05
3.48 3608
Kizel
Chelyabinsk and 2005 15 00
Bogoslovskiy mines
.40 17??53
Gentz al. Asia.
Vy CL.ASSIrIT,,rTI,vlf I I _ I I
NSR6 ~~~
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Ke.x aganda
CheremkhOV0
Chernovskiy min-s
Arte7novsk coal.
Sucb.an
Tarr i.ch.acka
Spitsbergen .07
Others '09
Total (.erg) 100.00
I^l-w .L-4,17
L li',!N3 illy 2.1 S ii'L
Percent of Ansin's
Deliveries Taken
by lYtit a
5585
6962
82.90
Percent of NXCPS
Consumption Sup-
Zaied Basin
6.50
39,43
20,57
72.29
2.21
1.55
0,31
-37
However., this purely quantitative characterization still does not give
the complete n-rTure, since the large share of NKPS in the consumption, for
instance, c, Chernovskiy and Chesemkovo coals, is of a local character and is
efficient. The consLU.erebly smaller share of the railroads in the consump-
tion.if Donets coals is none-heless connected with their exceedingly wide
penetration into very remote regions.
The following table gives some representation of the role of Donets
coals in railroad transport:
Systems Systems
Using Using Other. Sys-
Only Over 95% tens Using Systems Not
Donets Donets Both Groups Donets Fuel Using Donets
Fuel , Fuel Together__
No of RR systems 1.7 6 23 5 15
`.['heir share of
total coal
consumption 9.1. 35.8
by NIPS (in %,%) 38.55 16.55 55.1 Along the 2,3 railroad systems operating exclusively or almost exclusively
on Donets coal are the October and Yaroslavl' systems (100 percent), the Kirov
System (96 percent.), and the Northern System (85 percent), lying to the north
of Moscow; tr,- Belorussian and Western systems (100 percent), lying to the
west of Moscow; the Lenin System (98.5 percent) and the. Gor'kiy System (66.4
percent), bring to the east of Moscow; all of the Moscow railroad center and
the 1.1 railroads converging on it.; many systems to the east of the Donets
Basin in the Volga direction (Stalingrad System -W 100 percen, Southeastern n
System -?_ 97.5 percent., and Ryazan. Urals System -- 98.5 percent). is clear that railroad transport causes a huge proportion of the long hauls
of Done.i?s fuel, and that for the whole European part of railroad transport.
Donets coal is almost the so?.e or in any case the dominant type of fuel.
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lri:i`aj se4?..iu 2 y!~
The role of Kuznetsk coal in the fuel supplying of railroad transport is
shown by the following table'
RR Systems Other RR Sys-
ER Systems Using More tens Using
Using Only Than 90% Kuzbass Coal
Kuzbass Coal Kuzbass Coal (Avg of 45.21)
No of RR systems 1 2 7
Their share of total
coal consumption 19 58
by NKPS (in %) 3.96 4.91
Quantitatively speaking, relatively little of the railroad systems' con-
sumption is Kuzbass coal; however, its distribution (for this group of con-
sumers) is exceedingly great and exceeds that of Donets coal. Most of the coal
goes to the west and southwest.
All of the huge territory lying between the Kuznetsk Basin, the Urals, the
as - _ _
Volga, and the Central Asia republics us-es .- railroad fuel Kuznetsk coal with
a known quantity of Urals, Karaganda, and Donets coals, as shown by the follow-
ing table-
"Consumption by Specific Railroad Systems of Coal from Principal Cog'_ Basins
Total
ss
b
K
Urals
Karada
Donbass
S sy terns
a
uz
Lenin
7502
10.3
5.1
9.4 100
Kuybyshev
45.5
48.6
5,9 100
Omsk
51"5
--
48.5
-- 100
Kaganovich
30.4
69.6
--
-- 100
South Ural
13.5
39.3
47.2
-- 100
Oreuburg
50.8
49.2
100
Tashkent
79.5
--
--
-- 79
.5
Gor'kiy
--
33.6
--
66.4 10
0
The radius of distribution of Cheremkhovo coals (in the west, where they
meet with the Kuznetsk coals and in the east, where they meet with the
Transbaykal coals) and Chernovskiy coals (in the west, where they meet with
the Cheremkhovo coals and in the east, where they meet with the Far East coals)
going for the needs of railroad transport is also very great, again for geo-
graphical reasons in spite of their relatively small share in the total con-
sumption by NITS.
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.. f USS! -al or? vari oils reasons, railroad
Thus, for the basic tyres Of ~ ,- f- -- -
transport is a large consumer; determining to a considerable degree the radius
of coal hauls and influencing the length of coal hauls, this is primarily and
particularly of Donets coal. From this it follows that reduction of the length
of coal hauls, and primarily of the length of hauls of Donets coals, requires
the rationalization of the fuel consumption of NKPS.
The situation with the consumption of coals in the river and maritime
fleets is almost analagous. (It must be remembered that the consumption of
coal alone is being considered, without taking into account the consumption
by these categories of consumers of other types of fuel, such as liquid fuel,,
wood, etc.)
The question of the distribution of consumption of coking coals, in a
somewhat. special position because (1) there is a relatively small number of
large consumers in a fixed location, and (2) the distribution of consumers
of coking coals is determined not only by the distribution of fuel bases but
also by many other factors of state and economic significance.
The general scale of consumption of coals for coking and the participa-
tion of various basins are characterized by the following data:
Total for
People's
Commissariat
of Coal In-
t
d
Donbass
Kuzbass
Kizel
Karaganda
us
ry
1938
Percent of
basin's
8
coal coked
Basin's share
22.8
28.3
29.1
17.6
15,
in coking
2
8
2
35
2
2
(%)
100.0
77.25
.
1
.
.
1939
Percent of
basin's
6
coal coked
Basin's share
22.5
28.8
28.56
15.13
12.9
in coking
100.0
77.0
18.74
2.1
2A6
The radius of distribution of coals for coking is relatively limited, as
shown in the table below (1939). (It is to be noted that some part of the al-
ready prepared coke -- that from the Kemerovo Plant in the Kuznetsk Basin and
from various Ukraine plants -- in its turn is transported around the country and
in some cases is carried for a considerable distance; this however, does not
change the general picture to any great degree.)
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Sd3'~dls~ Y
Coking Regions
Total for
People's Percent of Producing Regions' Coking
Commissariat Coal Coked by Coking Regions
of Coal In- Kizel
dustry (%) Donbass Kuzbass Basin Karaganda
Leningrad 0.97 1.26 -- -- --
Rostov Oblast 0.25 0.34 -- -- --
Crimean ASSR 1.86 2.40 -?? --
Ukrainian SSR 73.82 96.00 -- -- --
Novosibirsk Oblast 12.35 -- 65.40 -- --
Ural region 10.75 -- 34.60 100.00 100.00
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
These figures show that, with the exception of the Kuznetsk coals, one
third of which are coked in the Urals, and the Karaganda coals, which me
coked completely in the Urals, all. the other coals are coked more or less
near the place where they are mined.
The gap between the centers of coking-coal production, the coking cen-
ters, and the pig-iron-producing centers which exists at present is shown by
the following data (1939 figures for coal, 1937 figures for pig iron):
Percentages of Areas
Volga
and Crimea
Center 'lest and North Ukrainian Other
Total Region Urals Siberia Caucasus SSR Areas
'Coking-coal
mining 100.00 -- 2.10 18.74 -- 77.0* 2.16**
Coking of
coal 100.00 -- 10.75 12.35 2.11 73.82
Pig-iron
smelting 100.00 8.0 18.20 10.20 2.9 60.70
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,ar?oue
The fcllowing table shows the share of f the ~ .'------ basins in the fuel
supplying of he country, excluding transport and coking,
Donbass
Moscow Basin
Kuzbass
Kansk Basin
Kizel coal
Chelyabinsk coal
Bogoslovskiy coal
Percent
54.43
16..20
9.19
.24
3.45
6.79
1.80
Yegorshino, Poltavo-Bredy .34
Karaganda 2.75
Lenger, Central Asia 1.98
1.02
Cheremkhovo
Chernovskiy, Tarbagatay .40
Artemovsk coals .86
02
Suchan .3
Sakhalin .23
The above table includes the consumption of all coals of each basin, inde-
pendently of the radius of consumption. The geographical distribution of this
part of coal production, i.e., excluding transport and coking, is shown (in per-
cent) in the following table (all coal :!n the natural form, without being trans-
lated into equivalent fuel);
Coal Basins
Region Total Donbass Kuzbass Karaganda
TotiJ. 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Murmansk .23 .42 -- --
Lening:'d and Leningrad
Oblast 5.52 10.20 --
Moscow and Moscow Oblast 13.20 14.20 -- --
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COTIFIDE111TIAT, 50X1-HUM
(Continued)
Coal Basins
Total Donbass Kuzbass Karaganda
Region
Tula and Ryazan' oblasts io.66 .56 -- --
Ivanovo, Yaroslavl', Gor'kiy 2.65 3.74?70
and Tartar ASSR
Kursk, Orel, Voronezh, Tambov -"
oblasts 3.07 5.55
Saratov, Kuybyshev, Stalingrad 2.39 30 54
oblasts
Rostov and Krasnodar oblasts 2.92 5.36 --
Ukrainian SSR and Crimea 29.36 54.20 --
Smolensk Oblast and Belo-
SSR .51 .58
russian
rhelvahinsk. Sverdlovsk,
Perm' oblasts and Bashkir 16.50 -- 31.20 45.70
ASSR
47.50 --
Novcsbirsk and Altay oblasts 4.36
Kazakh SSE 2.02 -- 6.05 37.60
Turkmen, Uzbek and Kirgiz 1.74 .25
SSR
Far East (Primors'siy and
Khabarovsk) krays 1.51 -- ""
The distribution of coal carried over long distances is divided among the
following areas: (1) Leningrad and Leningrad Oblast; (2) Moscow and Moscow
Oblast; (3) a group of the central oblasts of the RSFSR; and (4) the Urals.
To release these regions from dependence on fuel brought in over long distances
is a large task; the solution of this task would benefit the whole economy.
A review of the conditions of supplying coal to these regions leads to
the following considerations;
Leningrad Oblast should receive its own fuel and power base. Alongside the
full development of local hydroelectric power and peat production, the basic
support should be made in the Yorced development of the Gdovsk shale deposit,
which has considerable -eservas of oil shale.
The entrance into th USSR of the Estonian SSR, where oil shale production
was about 2 million tons in 1939, creates new favorable conditions for the
strengthening of local fuel supplying for Leningrad and Leningrad Oblast.
The coal supplying of Moscow and Moscow Oblast, where there is a large
fuel base, the Moscow Basin, is shown in the following tables (in percent):
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F TJA
C3~ ty Oblast Total City Oblast Oblast
Donbass coal 77.5 22.5 100.0 75.6 21.9 2.5
of Consumption of Donbass and Moscow Coal in the Moscow Area
Excluding Tula Oblast Including Tula Oblast
4.2 95.8 100.0 1.5 33.6 64.9
Moscow Moscow Total without Tula
city Oblast Tula Oblast Oblast
Total with
Tula Oblast
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0
Donb,:ss coal 96.5 24.8 58.6 2.0
33.7
Moscow coal 3.5 75.2 41.4 98.0
66.3
As a result of the realization of the decisions taken at the 18th Party
Congress to increase coal production in the Moscow Basin during the Third
Five-Year Plan by 270 percent, or almost 100 percent above the average for the
USSR, the geographical distribution of the consumption of Moscow coals should
change as shown in the following table:
19
42 in Compar-
Area
1 8
1942 (planned)
is
on with 1938
Moscow City
1.70
14.90
2,910.00%
Moscow Oblast
35.00
25.56
193.00%
Tula Oblast
58.10
46.52
182.00%
Ryazan' Oblast
2.30
1.87
272.00%
Ivanovo Oblast
1.10
3.03
705.00%
Vcronezh Oblast
.29
1,240.00%
Orel Oblast
4.33
121 times
Tambov Oblast
1.71
345 times
Smolensk Oblast
1.78
346%.
Supplying the Urals with coals for coking has been shown above. The
supplying of the Urals with the remaining coals is shown in the following
table (1939 data for Chelyabinsk, Perm', Sverdlovsk, and Chkalov oblasts,
and the Bashkir ASSR, in percent of the total expressed In weight):
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C ' NDF IAA
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Sources of Supply
Yegorshino
Chel- Bogo- and Pol-
ba slovka tavo-Bre
l
Kara-
gander Total
ya
Total Kuzbass Kize
Excluding
coking 100.0 17.6 20.1 39.8 l0 sj .2.0
10.0 42,
Coking 100.0 60.3 19.5 -- -- --
20.2 57.4
Total 100.0 29.6 19.9 28.5 7.6 1.5
12.9 100.0
The task of improving the fuel supplying of the Urals requires the replace-
local
ment of the Kuznetsk and Karaganda coals in electric power must titian increase
Ural coals. In the consumption of coals for coking,
in the role of Kizel and Karaganda coals, especially the latter.
of the 18th Perty Congress call for a 210-percent increase in -
1C1.10;iona v
Ural coal production during the Third Five-Year Plan (as against a geLieral in--
crease of 90 percFIat for the USSR).
The following table shows the distribution of the consumption of Kuznetsk
and Karaganda coals in the Urals in comparison with Ural coals (in percent):
Kara-
der Kizel Chelyaba Bogoslovka
Consumer Kuzbass gan
People?s Commissariat of
Electrical Industry -- 29.5 35.4 62.6
19.7
Ferrous Metallurgy
(excluding coking) 61.2 36.1 12.4 13.7
46.1
Nonferrous Metallurgy 13.0 17.1 -- 3.4
3.3
--
6
4
.6
5.
-
?
Chemical Industry 4.2
Construction Materials 5.6 2.6 .6 1.7
Industry
2.3
Machine Building Commissariats 4.4 3.2 '- 11.9
22.3
Others 11.6 11.5 6.0 6.7
5.7
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0
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Consumption by the more important consumers -- People's Commi'sariatt ofine
Ferrous Metallurg , People's Commissariat of Nonferrous Metallurgy, and inen
building people's commissariats -- of Kuznetsk and Karaganda coals in comparison
with Ural coals is as follows:
People's Commis- People's Com-
sariat of Fer- Nonferrous of
Machine Building
roux Metallurgy Nonferrous Commissariats
Swithout coking) ,u~.ll uro N
Kuznetsk and Karaganda
coals
53.0
70.0
47.0
30.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
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