GOVERNMENT-PARTY DECREE ORDERS REFORMS, OUTLINES GOALS FOR BULGARIAN AGRICULTURE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000600310333-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 18
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 15, 2011
• Sequence Number: 333
• Publication Date: May 22, 1950
• Content Type: REPORT

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CLASSIFICATION ' CONFIDENTLAL CONFIDENTIAL
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY REPORT
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS CD NO.
COUNTRY Bulgaria
SUBJECT Economic - Agriculture
HOW
PUBLISHED Daily newspaper
WHERE
PUBLISHED Stalin
DATE
PUBLISHED 31 Jan 1950
THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE
OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN 70E MEANING OF ESPIONAGE ACT ED
U. S. .. SI AND SS.AS AMENDED. ITS TRANSMISSION ON THE REVELATION
OF ITS CCONTENTS IN ANT MANNER TO AN UNAUTHONI200 PERSON IS PRO'
MIs ITEO MT LAW. REPRODUCTION OF THIS FORM IS PROHIMITEO.
Narodno Delp, No 1692, 1950.
DATE OF
INFORMATION 1950
DATE DIST., .;L May 1950
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
GOVERNMENT-PARTY DECREE ORDERS REFORMS,
OUTLINES GOALS FOR BULGARIAN AGRICULTURE
The best system of improving and raising the standards of Bulgarian
agriculture has been found to be cooperative organization. By 1 January
1950, 1,605 farm worker's cooperatives, with a membership of 161,000, were
established on 5,600,000 decares of land. The cooperatives include 1,362
livestock farms and 1,100.related enterprises. Due to training in new agri-
cultural techniques, the cooperatives have exceeded the production of private.
farms by 20 percent. Progress in mechanization has also been very substantial:
the government established 86 machine tractor stations, equipped with 3,350
tractors, 3,750 threshing machines, and 1,600 tractor plows, comprising 80 per-
cent of all machine tractor equipment in the country.
During 1911.9, machine tractor stations performed shallow plowing on 9 mil-
lion decares. The efficiency of tractors has also been further improved:
whereas one 15-horsepower tractor previously plowed 903 decares,'it can now
be used for 1,552 decares. During the 1949 drought season machine tractor
work was especially helpful and valuable for deep plowing operations and was
an important factor in overcoming the ill effects of the.drought.
State farms have also increased in number and improved in work methods.
At present, there are 91 state farms with a total area of 900,000 decares.
Most of them are raising thoroughbred livestock and planting their land with
high-grade seed. The farms will gradually be converted..into supply centers
of graded seeds and breeding centers of pure-bred cattle, and will-.operate
as model farms equipped with every modern instrument.
The government and the Party are also helping indigent farmers; as an
outcome of the agricultural reform, 128,000 landless farmers have received
1,400,000 decares of land. Furthermore, poor farmers have obtained seed,
fodder, and food at ceiling prices; they have been helped in cultivating
their plots by tractors and have been assisted at harvest time, as well as
in many other ways.
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All the above measures had the effect of increasing the country's grain-
cultivating area by about 2 million decares and the sunflower area by 800,000
decares. They also doubled the cotton, flax, and hemp areas, and quintupled
the fodder land. The problem of an adequate vegetable supply for the cities
is about to be solved, as is the sugar problem; tobacco production will be
substantially increased. Livestock breeding has already reached the prewar
level, and cattle, pig, and goat breeding have even exceeded the 1939 leve'
The government is establishing experimental stations which supply the neea:
of cooperative and private farmers, agricultural schools, and machine tractor
stations, and has founded the G. Dimitrov Agricultural Academy.
However, it is felt that the Ministry of Agriculture is still acting as
an advisory agency, rather than assuming leadership, responsibility, and organi-
zational initiative. Following the establishment of farm workers' cooperatives,
machine tractor stations, and state farms, it has failed to reorganize its work
methods according to new conditions in agriculture. It is not sufficient to
issue instructions or plans and to extend assistance, 'f these measures are not
supplemented by daily inspection and practical supervision. The consistent de-
velopment and increase of the cooperatives, machine tractor stations, and state
farms implies an ever-increasing responsibility of the ministry for the success
of these enterprises and makes the thorough reorganization of this body a matter
of growing necessity.
The Ministry of Agriculture has failed to organize and to supervise the
work of cooperatives, state farms, and machine tractor stations. In the latter,
tractors have frequently been left idle or unrepaired, fuel and lubricants have
been misappropriated, and work standards were generally low. The three-field
crop-rotation system has not yet been introduced on many state and. cooperative
farms, and in private enterprises farmers are still sowing by hand. and plowing
with old-fashioned wooden plows, while the Zemsnab.(Agricultural Supply Organi-
zation) warehouses are crowded with idle, unsold agricultural machinery. The
obsolete methods used by most farmers result in a low grain production and in-
adequate bread supply; the insufficient production of oleaginous and industrial
plants fails to supply industry with raw materials. The cotton industry is
compelled to use material imported from the USSR. Unsatisfactory conditions
are also prevalent in the wool industry due to the small supply, especially
noticeable in wool of fine and semifine quality used for the production of
lighter cloth and worsted fabrics.
Experimental stations have failed to keep in close contact with farmers
and to introduce rational work systems.
The new problems facing the agriculture of the modern Bulgarian Republic
lay great responsibilities upon the Ministry of Agriculture; it must become
an up-to-date organization, with ample vision and authority to take the leader-
ship in every branch of agriculture.
To fulfill this objective, the Council of Ministers and the Central Com-
mittee of the Bulgarian Communist Party have passed the following resolutions:
A. Increase in Grain Production
The foremost goal of the Ministry of Agriculture and of all agricultural
and Party organizations must be to increase grain production to 2.4 to 2.6 bil-
lion kilograms in 1953. Therefore, the ministry is requested to introduce the
following measures:
1. Machine tractor stations must be concentrated in the grain-producing
areas of the Dobrudzha, and in the Stalin, Ruse, Kolarovgrad, Pleven, Yambol,
Vratsa, Vidin, Burgas, Stara Zagora, and Gorna Oryakhovitsa districts. Machine
tractor services will be paid for in kind. Cooperatives and private farmers
supplying compensations in kind for machine tractor work will have to deduct
only a minimum share of their crops for the state.
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2. Farm workers' cooperatives will be established primarily in grain-
and cotton-growing areas. The cultivated area must be extended by enrolling
new members, especially in the Dobrudzha and Khaskovo districts.
3. Drought must be overcome by the following measures:
a. The ministry will launch an intensive educational campaign to
promote fall deep-plowing campaigns. The 1950 deep-plowing operations must
be extended over an area of at least 11,500,000 decares, and must reach at
least 17 million decares in 1953. Wasteland must be reclaimed.
b. Stubble fields must be plowed over. Shallow plowing will be used
for wheat, rye, barley, and oats in early spring and under good moisture condi-
tions; deeper plowing will be performed in late spring, before sowing time, and
must reach a depth of 16 to 18 centimeters. These operations will include an
area of 12 million decares in 1950 and will reach 15 million in 1953. The
Ministry of Agriculture will start the production of surface plows in 1950.
c. Spring harrowing will be done whenever conditions prove favorable.
d. Seed-drill sowing will be general. During the final period of
the Five-Year Plan this sowing system must be used 100 percent. About 12
million decares must be sown with seed drills in 1950, and at least 18 million
in 1953.
c. Snow preservation must be introduced in the Dobrudzha and other
grain areas, to accumulate moisture and to protect the seedlings from freezing.
f. The Ministries of A -iculture and Forestry will prepare a 15-Year
Plan to establish protective belts, select locations, and determine tree cate-
gories to be planted according to the Lysenko system (in groves); all necessary
materials must be in readiness. The over-all plan for the entire country must
be presented to the Council of Ministers within one year, and for the eastern
part of the country within 6 months.
g. The Ministry of Electrification and Improvements will see to it
that the dam and pump systems on the Danube are completed in the shortest pos-
sible time; the Ministry of Agriculture will promote the construction of small
dams and issue the appropriate instructions.
h. The Council of Ministers and the Central Committee of the Bulgarian
Communist Party are transferring the responsibility for draining, irrigation,
river control, and the construction of small dams, and pump stations, to the
Ministry of Agriculture. The transfer will comprise cash funds, machinery,
equipment, transportation facilities, etc., and any material provided for the
Five-Year Plan. The law on water regulation will be amended in connection
with the above instructions.
The Ministry of Agriculture will commission the Ministry of Electrifi-
cation and Improvements to study, prepare, and construct some of its larger
improvement projects. Small irrigation projects (small dams, etc.)will be completed
by the Ministry of Agriculture,. assisted by people's soriets, before the end of
1950.
The Ministry of Industry will start production of atDulring the 250 gase
engines of 6 to 15 horsepower for irrigation pumps in 1950. he gem e
the Ministry of Electrification will complete the production of at
least 80 power engines of 30 to 35 horsepower, also destined for irrigation.
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4. The construction of a fertilizer plant must be completed ahead of
schedule, to provide agriculture with 50,000 tons of fertilizer in 1953.
Until that time, the imr.-rt of fertilizer must be increased, and 30 percent
must be distributed in grain areas.
The Ministry of Agriculture will provide the necessary cement for
the repair of manure pits.
Wood ashes will be collected throughout the country. The production
of bone meal and lime will be substantially increased. Carbonate of lime
from sugar factories will also be used for fertilizer, especially in black-
soil regions. Manure must be used extensively for composting. Green manure
will be applied in mountain, submountain, and river areas. Corn fields will
be fertilized with a potent nitrogen fertilizer.
5. The Ministry of Agriculture will start mass production of graded
seed in farm workers' cooperatives and state farms. Before the end of 1954,
all wheat seed must be graded. The Ministry of Trade or the Grain Supply
Administration will exchange the graded seed delivered by Zemsnab to farm
workers' cooperatives and private farms for ungraded seed and will make com-
pensation for the price difference.
The Ministry of Agriculture will see to it that Zemsnab strictly
fulfills the seed-production plan for 1950, provides expert personnel, and
controls export-seed production.
6. The Ministry of Agriculture will commission the agricultural institutes
in Sofia, Chirpan, and Tolbukhin and the experimental centers in Obrastsov
Chiflik, Knezha, and Sadovo to create new, high-yielding species of wheat,
rye, barley, and corn, which must be drought and cold resistant. Supplemen-
tary hoeing will be used for rye and corn. Spring wheat and millet must be
cultivated more intensively.
7. The Ministry of Agriculture is requested to introduce the three-field
crop-rotation system in areas where there are the greatest numbers of farm
workers' cooperatives and state farms. The four-field crop-rotation system
will be applied in all remaining areas. The Ministry of Agriculture will
inform the Council of Ministers of the crops provided by each area, and of the
practical measures introduced to assure their successful production.
8. Special branch services in control of horse-drawn and hand-driven
agricultural equipment will be established in every cooperative and will rent
the equipment to poor farmers for a minimum compensation. The Investment Bank
will issue 5-year,low-interest credits for the purchase of such equipment.
9. To combat pests and plant diseases, the okoliya and local people's
soviets are pledged to clean and disinfect all their seed. Mass weeding cam-
paigns will be carried out with the help of Septemvriyche and Dimitrov Youth
Brigades.
10. The ministry will delegate expert agriculturists and other agricultural
personnel to grain-producing areas throughout the country.
11. The Ministry of Industry and the Ministry of Public Works will pro-
duce the following parts and small equipment in 1950: hoes, 275 tons; axes,
200 tons; adzes, 50 tons; spades, 370,000 each; plowshares, 300 tons; vine
saws, 40,000 each; pruning shears, 26,000 each; winnowing screens, 60,000 square
meters; and other equipment of general use. The Ministry of Industry and the
Ministry of Public Works will present to the Council of Ministers, within 2
months, a plan for the production of scythes, sickles, and pitchforks. The
Central Cooperative Union will study requirements for this type of equipment
throughout the country and conclude adequate contracts with the two ministries.
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12. The Ministry of Agriculture will present, within 2 months, a plan
for the expansion of rice production, especially in the Danube area.
13. The Ministry of Agriculture, Zemsnab, and the experimental fields
in Samokov, Koprivshtina, and Kotel are requested to find a solution to the
potato problem before 1953. New and sturdy varieties of potatoes must be
developed, good potato seed must be obtained through summer planting accord-
ing to the Lysenko method, potato farms must be established in high-mountain
areas, and potatoes must be planted twice a year.
14. The Ministry of Agriculture will introduce the following measures
to assure an adequate fodder supply:
a. The grass-fodder cultivation area will be expanded to a maximum,
especially for alfalfa production, which must reach at least 2 million decares
at the end of the Five-Year Plan. Fodder-pea production in the Dobrudzha must
be expanded.
b. The fodder-beet area must reach at least 300,000 decares in 1953.
c. Bean-seed cleaning must be enforced.
d. The Ministry of Trade will temporarily provide farmers with con-
centrated fodder in exchange for seed.
e. The three-field system must provide a basis for increased fodder
production. New grass-fodder varieties must be introduced by sowing imported
clover, sainfoin, French oat grass, bur reed, timothy, earless wild oats, etc.
15. The Ministry of Agriculture will establish operational accounts and
submit accurate data on the size of sown areas, the variety of crops, and the
average yield per decare.
B. Increase of Oleaginous Plant Production
The Council of Ministers and the Central Committee of the Bulgarian Com-
munist Party request the Ministry of Agriculture, people's soviets, and Party
organizations to increase oleaginous plant production to the maximum; the
amount of sunflower seed alone musk reach at least 250 million kilograms in
1950.
To attain this objective, the following measures will be introduced:
1. The Ministry of Agriculture will assure the production of 28 tons
of the new No 71 and 75 sunflower seeds, produced by the Tolbukhin Agricultural
Institute, which are immune to blue fungus. Through 1950, the entire quantity
of seed produced from the "Zhdanovski 6432" sunflower must be used, in order
to reduce the blue fungus disease in sunflower-growing areas. The ministry
will commission the agricultural experimental institutes in Sofia, Chirpan,
and Tolbukhin, and the experimental base in Pavlikeni, to speed their research
for the development of a low-stemmed species with a high oil content which is
immune to blue fungus.
Every measure of agricultural technique must be applied to increase
sunflower production, including the use of nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer.
Artificial pollination will be widely introduced also.
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2. The Ministry of A.Priculture is requested to order the Tolbukhin
Institute and the Pavlikeni experimental base to speed research work to
develop an oil-bearing variety of rape, suitable for Bulgarian climatic
conditions (winter and spring plants). Rape culture will be introduced
on a much wider scale, and pests and diseases will be systematically elimi-
nated.
3. Soybeans will be planted in every suitable area. Radiksoya vaccine
will be manufactured in sufficient quantity to inoculate the soil with nitro-
gen-fixing bacteria. The ministry will introduce the fine-grained variety of
soybean, suitable for local conditions, to regenerate the soil. The experi-
mental center in Pavlikeni will be commissioned to develop a new, improved,
a?,d highly productive variety of soybean.
4. The Ministry of Agriculture will expand peanut production in the
irrigated Danubian tablelands, suitable for this type of culture.
5. The Ministry of Agriculture will centralize poppy and opium produc-
tion in suitable areas, such as Gorna Dzhumaya, Plovdiv, and Sofia. The Main
Administration of Grain Supply will conduct training courses for the proper
gathering of opium poppies. Furthermore, the ministry will commission the
experimental center in Sadovo to speed and expand research work on poppy
culture to produce intermediate grades of opium-poppy seed.
6. The Ministry of Agriculture will introduce all necessary-measures
for the improvement and expansion. of rose culture. A systematic fight must
be-conducted against pests and diseases. The experimental center in Kazanlek
will be requested to speed rose-selection research to create a variety bear-
ing more flowers and oil. The ministry will also expand mint and lavender
production; moist areas will be selected for lavender plantations, as the
plant has an excellent staying quality. The oil yield of lavender will be
increased, and the plant will also be cultivated in areas 500 meters above
sea level.
The requirements of the Bulgarian textile industry must be satisfied
entirely by the domestic market. The Ministry of Agriculture will therefore
concentrate cotton production mainly in the following districts: Plovdiv,
Stara Zagora, Khaskovo, Gorna Dzhumaya, Yambol, and Burgas. The largest
cotton fields must be established on farm workers' cooperatives, and other
crops which are being grown in areas suitable for cotton will be moved to
different locations.
The Ministry of Agriculture is requested to increase fibrillous plant
production by introducing the following measures:
1. Cotton plantations must be gradually moved to irrigated areas,
especially after the completion of the Vasil Kolarov, Topolnitsa, G. Dimitrov,
and other dam projects. During 1950, 50,000 decares of irrigated land must
be allotted to cotton culture.
The following methods must be applied in cotton, flax, and hemp grow-
ing areas: deep plowing, digging, three-field sowing rotation, regular and
dense sowing, the Lysenke cotton-pruning system, etc.
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Nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer must be used increasingly.
The culture of the following cotton varieties, maturing at different periods,
must be intensified: Chirpan-38, Chirpan-78, and the Sadovo'Malkov variety.
Graded seed sowing in 1950 must be increased by 120 percent over 1948.
Soviet methods of drying unripe cotton must be studied and applied.
The ministry must avail itself of the necessary space and equipment
for the adequate treatment of cotton seed with sulfuric acid for disinfection
and higher productivity.
Cotton, flax, and hemp growers must be subsidized with grain, fats,
concentrated fodder products, cotton yarns and fabrics, sacks, and artificial
fertilizer, to facilitate the delivery of their entire production.
2. The Ministry of Agriculture will organize flax- and hemp-seed produc-
tion in farm workers' cooperatives and state farms, providing these enterprises
with seed and equipment, in order to end the importation of these commodities
before the end of 1950.
Hemp production must be increased substantially and concentrated in
the Danubian tablelands. Hemp harvesters and flax-picking equipment must be'
manufactured on the domestic market or, when necessary, imported.
The Ministry of Foreign Trade will import 150 tons of fibrillous
flaxseed from the USSR, to establish flaxseed production in areas suitable
for fibrillous flax culture.
D. Increase of Tobacco Production
The Council of Ministers and the Central Committee of the Bulgarian Com-
munist Party request the Ministry of Agriculture to produce enough tobacco to
supply domestic requirements and export orders.
2. The ministry must continue to plan the proper zoning of tobacco areas
and to study and improve physical and economic conditions in the following
regions: Dzhebel, Plovdiv, Khaskovo, and Gorna Dzhumaya.
3. The ministry will give careful attention to the cleaning of blended,
high-grade tobaccos, and to creation of new varieties in demand on the market
and suitable for the technical conditions of farm workers' cooperatives. The
practical value of the new types, No 541 and No 240, created by the experimental
tobacco institute in Kozar-Ustina, and No 134 and No 113, created in the experi-
mental fields of Rila-Endzhe, must be examined.
During 1950 tobacco sowing with graded seed must be increased 128 per-
cent over 1948. Seed production must be intensified in tobacco-growing areas,
free seed distribution continued, and further efforts made to establish tobacco
zones and to standardize grades, in close collaboration with the State Tobacco
Monopoly.
4. The collective production of tobacco seedlings must be continued and
promoted. The production of early seedlings especially must be increased and
expanded.
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Correct soil preparation and the widest possible mechanization of
tobacco culture must be introduced in farm workers' cooperatives. Artificial
fertilization must be intensified and the fertilizer delivered on time.
Tobacco blooming must be prevented, and a well-organized campaign begun to
fight parasites and diseases, especially thrips and blue fungus. The construc-
tion of private and communal dryers must be encouraged.
The Ministry of Foreign Trade will import ten tobacco planters and
five tobacco stringers.
To fulfill the tobacco plan, the Ministry of Agriculture will direct
all tobacco specialists to the areas growing this commodity, and will train
additional personnel, including agriculturists and technicians, in the tobacco
industry to be assigned to assist district and okoliya people's soviets.
5. The Ministry of Agriculture will establish a budget to create in
1950 a Technological Tobacco Institute, an experimental center in Kharmanli,
and an experimental field in Melnishko, and to convert the experimental
field in Dzhebel into an experimental tobacco center. All tobacco research
centers must be activated and directed toward practical production problems.
E. Improvement and Increase of Plum Production
The Council of Ministers and the Central Committee of the Bulgarian Com-
munist Party request the Ministry of Agriculture to increase plum production
to 300,000 tons before the end of the Five-Year Plan and to satisfy all domes-
tic and export requirements.
1. Plum culture must become the object of careful studies; plum-growing
areas must be expanded substantially and extended to new locations. Ten main
fruit-growing areas must be established before the end of 1950, and must include
the shores of the Lom, Ogosta, Iskur, Vit, and Rositsa rivers. Local plum
varieties must be multiplied and special care given to varieties resistant to
the red spot disease.
2. The experimental fruit centers in Kyustendil, Dryanovo, and Plovdiv
are commissioned to create new types of plums, immune to red spots and pox,
and to introduce them in the Kyustendil area.
3. The Ministry of Agriculture will establish three model plum orchards
in state farms and ten in farm workers' cooperatives in spring 1950, to demon-
strate the latest achievements of fruit-growing technique.
Existing plantations must be reconditioned and improved, and red spots
and other diseases completely eliminated. The new methods of plum culture rec-
ommended by Prof Mikhail Simeonovich Dunin and contained in Decree No 4 of
the Council of Ministers, issued 28 December 1949, must be applied.
The ministry will establish in Troyan a state fruit nursery, com-
bined with an experimental fruit field, to introduce up-to-date plum cultiva-
tion.
The Council of Ministers and the Central Committee of the Bulgarian
Communist Party request the Ministry of Agriculture to introduce the follow-
ing measures for the protection of plants from parasites and diseases:
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1. To establish an interior quarantine service, supplementing the
border services.
The district and okoliya people's soviets must be supplemented by
the following: five chief district inspectors, 30 okoliya specialists, and
50 technicians with intermediate training. The chief inspectors will also
be in charge of the interior quarantine stations.
2. During 1950, the ministry will organize several plant-protection
stations: one in Troyan, to act as an independent organization, and 15 more
located on state farms throughout the country and equipped with all the neces-
sary machines and implements.
3. The Ministry of Industry is requested to plan the domestic production
of the following spraying and sprinkling equipment in 1951: 6,400 portable
vine sprayers, 500 horse-drawn automatic sprayers, 500 horse-drawn fruit
sprayers, 1,000 horse-drawn blowers, 50 sorters, 30 seed-cleaning machines,
100 dusters, and spare parts for vine and fruit sprayers.
T'',e Ministry of Public Works is requested to produce 300 horse-drawn
fruit sprayers and 150 motor sprayers.
The ministry is requested to produce the following chemicals: 30 tons
of Paris green, 30 tons of calcium arsenate, 12 tons of zinc phosphide, 1,000
tons of Carbolineum, 1,000 tons of DDT, and 150 tons of hexachlorine.
4. The district and okoliya people's soviets are advised to cooperate
at all times with agricultural experts in the fight against pests and diseases
and to launch an intensive collective plant-protection campaign throughout the
country.
1. The main objectives must be to increase the number of all types of
animals, to improve livestock breeding, to expand fodder bases, and to increase
livestock productivity.
2. District and okoliya people's soviets and the district committees of
the Bulgarian Communist Party are requested to increase livestock on state
farms, farm workers' cooperatives, and private farms to reach the following
proportions in 1953 in comparison with 1940: horses, 15 percent more; cattle
and buffaloes, 20 percent; sheep and goats, 20 percent; pigs, 50 percent; and
fowl, 200 percent.
3. In 3 months, the Ministry of Agriculture will present for the approval
of the Council of Ministers and of the Central Committee of the Bulgarian Com-
munist Party a plan containing the following provisions:
a. The establishment of permanent, well-stocked food centers through-
out the country.
b. The production of pressed fodder, such as oil cake, bran, bone
meal, fish meal, etc.
c. A substantial increase of livestock in farm workers' cooperatives
and state farms.
d. Correct zone distribution, to assure the following objectives: in
horse breeding, to increase the number of larger animals and improve the breed
of the heavier types suitable for agricultural work and transportation; in
cattle husbandry, to increase the milch yield and the fat content of milk, to
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improve standards of meat in grades purchased by the state; in sheep husban-
dry, to improve the quality of wool, to increase the number of high- and
medium-grade animals, to improve milk and meat grades; in hog raising, to
improve the meat and lard quality; in poultry culture, to increase laying
and improve meat standards.
4. In view of the scarcity of high- and medium-grade fleece for the
wool industry, and the low production of merino wool, the Ministry of Agri-
culture and the Ministry of Industry are requested to prepare within 2
months, a play to accomplish the following objectives:
a. To establish areas raising high- and medium-grade wool sheep.
b. To restrict sheep raising in farm workers' cooperatives and
state farms to high- and medium-grade wool animals.
c. To increase the number of merino rams for breeding, to expand
artificial insemination, and to cross-breed at least 2 million local sheep
with the high- or medium-grade wool variety before the end of 1953.
d. To prohibit the slaughter of high- or medium-grade wool lambs
for a period of 2 to 3 years.
e. To increase the number of artificial-insemination centers.
f. To dedicate two or three state farms exclusively to the raising
of high-bred animals, in order to provide farm workers' cooperatives, private
farms, and artificial-insemination centers with valuable female and male speci-
mens for reproduction purposes.
g. To furnish farm workers' cooperatives, state farms, and private
farmers with subsidies to encourage breeding of high- and medium-grade wool
sheep.
h. To establish suitable areas for goat raising, the Ministries of
Agriculture and Forestry will take appropriate measures for the supply of
fodder and pasture land, and the Ministry of Agriculture will promote the
breeding and cross-breeding of healthy animals.
5. To establish permanent, well-stocked fodder centers, the Ministry of
Agriculture and other departments are requested to introduce the following
measures:
a. To assure sufficient quantities of coarse and succulent fodder,
including silage, for every head of livestock provided by the plan.
b. To improve meadows and pastures and to increase the quantity of
hay and aftermath.
c. To convert decayed forests into pastures; to set apart some forest
areas for fodder culture; to clear high mountain pastures of trees and improve
their grass surface.
d. Pasture grounds will be distributed by the local people's soviets
and cleared by temporary labor-service brigades.
6. During 1950 and 1951, the Ministry of Agriculture will establish 60
okoliya livestock centers designed to provide the following services:
a. To give assistance to livestock husbandry in farm workers' coopera-
tives and private farms.
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b. To promote cross-breeding of low-grade local types, to obtain
highly productive animals, and to report the results of breeding experi-
ments.
c. To check the fulfillment of the livestock plan.
7. The Ministry of Agriculture will expand scientific research work
worksubjects
be forsolvethe follow-
in livestock husbandry urpstofresearchresearch
years. The essential purpose
ing problems:
a. Instituting correct feeding methods and a breeding method based
on scientific standards.
b. Obtaining new high-bred varieties and improving local breeds by
the Michurin method.
c. Introducing scientific improvements in farm workers' cooperatives,
state farms, and private farms.
$. The Council of Ministers and the Commtoitundertaketee of
foiiow-
Communist Party authorize the i-iinistry of Agra uCo
ing assignments:
a. To establish a Main Scientific Research Center at the farm located
near the Kostinbrod railroad station which will also take over the Sofia poul-
try-research center.
b. To reorganize the livestock-research institute in Stara Zagora
into a regional research institute for southern Bulgaria.
c. To transform the V. Kolarov Institute in Kolarovgrad into a live-
stock institute for southeastern Bulgaria.
d. To organize an institute for northern Bulgaria at the Georgi Dimi-
trov Farm at Pleven.
9. The Ministry of Agriculture illtperform anressential modernizay out
and reorganization of its sanitary and
the following assignments:
a. A prophylactic veterinary campaign to prevent infectious livestock
diseases. During the 1949 - 1950 winter season all centers of hog and
cholera must be eliminated.
b. The campaign against cattle brucellosis and tuberculosis must be
intensified; yearly tuberculin tests must be performed in all areas where the
disease occurs.
c. Veterinary care and treatment must be improved in farm workers'
cooperatives and other farm enterprises.
d. A sanitation and veterinary campaign must be launched for the
benefit of every farmer.
e. High-quality biochemical preparations must be produced in sufficient
quantity to combat cattle infections successfully.
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H. Farm Workers' Cooperatives
The Council of Ministers and the Central Committee of the Bulgarian Com-
munist Party consider the grain and bread supply problem one of major impor-
tance and see its solution in more intensive land cultivation, which would
also increase the volume of export and industry. The expansion of livestock
husbandry will serve the same purpose. The best medium for the introduction
and expansion of progressive, mechanized agriculture has been found to be
farm workers' cooperatives. Therefore, the Council of Ministers and the
Central Gummittee of the Bulgarian Communist Party request the Ministry of
Agriculture to follow the instructions below, and they request the district
and -kol`ya committees of the Party and the district and okoliya people's
soviets to collaborate in performing the assignments:
1. Continuation and expansion of farm workers' cooperatives, with
further, voluntary inclusion of poor and medium farmers to form new coopera-
tives. Kulaks are not to be admitted.
The principle of voluntary participation must be strictly upheld.
In accordance with the theories set forth by Lenin, Stalin, and Dimitrov,
persons who attempt the forceful establishment of cooperatives or coercion
in enrolling new members will be rigorously prosecuted. The shortcomings
noticed before in this respect, and in land distribution among poor and
medium farmers, must be overcome.
Cooperatives must be established mainly in grain- and cotton-grow-
ing areas and must reach 8 million decares in 195C, and about 30 million in
1953-
2. Cooperatives must be established as independent agricultural produc-
tion enterprises and not be considered merely as branches of the national
organization. They must obtain new, separate charters. The Ministry of Agri-
culture, the Main Cooperative Union, and other organizations will see to it
that farm workers' cooperatives are transformed into independent enterprises
before 30 May 1950.
3. The Ministry of Agriculture and district and okoliya people's soviets
are advised to correct any errors made in the distribution of land in farm
workers' cooperatives and to establish these enterprises on a strictly legal
basis.
4. The new proposed statute, approved by the Council of Ministers and
the Bulgarian Communist Party, is to be submitted by the Ministry of Agricul-
ture to all farm workers' cooperatives for discussion by the members, people's
soviets, and Party and Fatherland Front organizations. A national conference
will be called in February 1950 to report work results, establish future pro-
grams, and approve the new statute.
5. The Ministry of Agriculture and the district and okoliya people's
soviets will assume full control of farm workers' cooperatives. All other
ministries and public organizations will assist and cooperate. Accounting
instructions and checking operations will be instituted by the Ministry of
Agriculture and the agricultural services of the okoliya people's soviets.
Accounting specialists heretofore working for the central and regional co-
operative unions will be transferred to the Ministry of Agriculture on 1 Feb-
ruary 1950. Some accountants from the Bulgarian National Bank and from other
cooperatives will also be included to supplement the service.
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6. The Ministry of Agriculture will establish a central school to train
qualified chairmen for farm workers' cooperatives. Groups of 100 students
will be enrolled in 6-month courses. Every school day will be counted as a
working day.
7. About 500 well-qualified Communist Party members will be assigned for
2 years to cooperative farms, to conduct political and organizational training.
8. Land distribution rules must be strictly observed. Any land exchanges
must be entered in land registers and checked by the Labor Land Property Com-
mission on the premises.
9. The Ministry of Agriculture will add land-surveying courses to the
curriculums of the two existing agricultural schools and will establish one
new intermediate school for land surveyors.
10. The discipline of farm workers' cooperatives must be tightened
and reorganized along new lines. Controls must become stricter and unproduc-
tive occupations must not be counted as man-days; accounting must be more
accurate. Work quotas will be introduced in all cooperative farms, and above-
quota work will be compensated. Administration expenditures must be reduced.
The agronomic and veterinary departments of the district and okoliya people's
soviets and related organizations must use their knowledge and experience to
introduce new, progressive methods of agriculture and animal husbandry and
assist the work of farm workers' cooperatives. .
11. The Ministry of Agriculture, people's soviets, and Party and Father-
land Front organizations must bu careful to maintain a strictly dc.?mocratic
rule in the internal organization of the cooperatives through collective leader-
ship and opposition to any domineering tendencies or minimizing of the impor-
tance of the general ase- y and its decisions. The poorer farmers, women,
and youthful elements m_ - be included in farm soviets.
General meetings of all cooperative members must be called every 3
months, and the administration and the control committee will report work
progress and plan fulfillment.
12. The okoliya and local people's soviets will extend regular assistance
to the cooperatives.
The cooperatives will account strictly for their production, introduce
an accurate property check, and prevent any waste or misappropriation. Severe
penalties will be inflicted for any violations. The control commission will
make checks at least four times a year.
13. The Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Agriculture are requested
by the Council of Ministers to submit, within a month, their projects for the
financing of construction work, livestock husbandry, etc., on cooperative farms,
and to indicate the rate of interest.
I. Machine Tractor Stations
1. The Council of Ministers and the Central Committee of the Bulgarian
Communist Party feel that it is impossible to establish up-to-date agricul-
tural centers without an efficient technical base; this base is furnished by
machine tractor stations.
CONFIDENTIAL
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1
CONFIDENTIAL
2. The Ministry of Agriculture must be aware that agricultural equipment
must be used correctly and to its fullest capacity. With this objective in
mind, the following measures will be introduced:
a. Work norms for every type of agricultural work must be established
before 5 February 1950.
b. Farm workers' cooperatives will remove stones or other obstacles
from the field area.
c. Machine tractor personnel will be paid in cash and in kind: the
guaranteed cash minimum will be supplemented by payments in kind, in accordance
with the output of a given crop. Furthermore, all personnel, including super-
visors, will receive premiums as a reward for exceeding quotas, for high-stand-
ard work performance, for good maintenance of the machine tractor park, and
for economizing on fuel, lubricants, oil, and other material. ';'he new pay
rates will be established before 28 February 1950.
d. Collective, mechanized operations must also be introduced on pri-
vate farms. Private farmlands will be assembled into suitable blocks before
the end of February 1950-
3. The Ministry of Agriculture is requested to introduce and observe all
regulations necessary for the flawless operation and maintenance of machine
tractor stations. Administrative agencies will perform the regrouping and re-
distribution of tractors, to provide that tractors of the same make and model
are concentrated in the same area before 5 February 1950. Mobile repair bri-
gades will be organized before the end of February. Tractor personnel will
be trained for mechanical work, and the pertinent training courses will be
organized in every machine tractor station before the end of February.
4. The Ministry of Agriculture is requested to furnish machine tractor
stations with all necessary equipment, spare parts, and material. The Ministry
of Industry is requested to produce the equipment. Zemsnab and Despred (State
Supply Enterprise) will expedite the equipping of the stations. The Petrol
State Enterprise will provide the necessary fuel, according to plan provisions.
The machine tractor stations will also be provided with 5,000 fuel containers.
5. The Ministry of Agriculture will be responsible for correct account-
ing operations in all machine tractor work; a detailed accounting system will
also be introduced for repair work in tractor repair shops and in the field.
Accounting courses will be organized in all machine tractor stations before
5 March 1950. Every station will appoint a responsible accountant, attached
to the work brigades.
6. All construction projects must be completed, construction standards
and technical documentation carefully checked, and costs reduced whenever pos-
sible.
7. In view of the payment-in-kind system, the maintenance of machine
tractor stations will be stricken from the 1950 state budget. The Ministry
of Agriculture and the Ministry of Finance are therefore requested to set up
plans for financing machine tractor stations and compensating for their losses
incurred in 1948 and 1949. The deadline is 15 February 1950.
8. The Ministry of Agriculture will establish technical and'political
training courses for machine tractor personnel. Personnel will be recruited
chiefly from farm workers' cooperatives which, for their part, will accept
members from machine tractor stations.
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CONFIDENTIAL
9. District and okoliya people's soviets are requested to cooperate
fully with the existing machine tractor stations, and to sponsor the forma-
tion of new ones.
10. The Ministry of Agriculture is requested to report the total motive
power, both motor and animal.
J. State Farms
The Council of Ministers and the Central Committee of the Bulgarian
Communist Party request state farms, which are the basic factor in the re-
construction of rural economy along socialist lines, to adopt the methods
prevailing in Soviet .olkhozes, to acquire full knowledge of modern produc-
tion methods in crop production and animal husbandry, and to bring the produc-
tion of high-grade fodder crops to at least 75 million kilograms within the
next 3 to 4 years, and the average yield per decare to 180 kilograms.
The number of livestock and cattle must also be increased; the average
yearly milk yield of a cow must reach at least 2,200 liters, and of an ewe,
65 liters. Every 100 ewes must bear at least 115 lambs, and every sheep must
yield an average of at least 3 kilograms of wool. Every sow must bear yearly
at least 17 sucklings, and each hen must lay a yearly average of 155 eggs.
The following measures will be introduced to assure fulfillment of the
above requirenu:nts :
1. Through 1 September 1950, the Ministry of Agriculture will set up a
final land-distribution program, i.lcluding all state farms throughout the
country, and will provide plans and maps for every farm.
2. A scientifically sound three-field rotation plan will be introduced
agri-
in 40 farms during 1950, and in all remaining farms during 1951. All
Lysenko.
cultural work will be based on the theories of Michurin, Vil'yams and
3. To provide a sufficient supply of coarse and succulent fodder, at
least 260,000 decares will be sown with bean and grass varieties, and at least
115 decares with succulent fodder crops.
4. Fully outlined programs for progressive livestock husbandry and correct
breeding operations, as well as for efficient veterinary services, will be
established within 2 months.
5. The Ministry of Agriculture will conduct research to learn the best
ways to use river and ground waters for irrigation. The State Planning Com-
mission will assign funds for leveling state-farm land in the Danubian table-
lands and for importing the necessary equipment in 1950.
6. Forest land in state-farm areas will be transferred by the Ministry
of Forestry to the jurisdiction of the farms, which will cultivate the land
under the ministry's supervision. The state farms will also provide for the
forestation of their land borders and of some of their plots.
7. State farms will be exempted from all state and local taxes, duties
overed by. log-term thorough-
The gaanssissments, except
and
husbandry wille be turnover
bred 8. The Ministry of Agriculture requests the Ministry of Finance to advance,
BulgarianeNational~ds
wit ts to forhstateefarmsh,,and foronsettlinfor state-farm debtsiat thprovide op
Bank.
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CONFIDES PAL
Within 2 months, the Ministry of Agriculture will prepare a report
and present a project on the development of state farms.
9. The Central Authority of State Farms must be reorganized under the
unification principle, allowing a more streamlined supervision of operations.
It must also consistently assist the farms in their activities and check plan
fulfillment.
10. Tc secure the services of adequate personnel, technical and agri-
cultural workers will be authorized to build their own housing on state-farm
lands. The Bulgarian National Bank will-extend low-interest 10-year credits
for this purpose, and the Ministry of Industry will release the necessary
building material at ceiling prices.
11. A group of 20 persons, including supervisors, agriculturists, live-
stock experts, and a few efficient workers, will be' sent in 1950 tc the USSR
to study work methods of the sovkhozes for their subsequent adaptation to
Bulgarian state farms.
12. During intensive agriculture campaigns, such as harvesting, the
okoliya and local people's soviets and Party and Fatherland Front organiza-
tions will assist state farms by supplying additional manpower.
13. The ministry will give very serious attention to the successful
development of state farms, which must become model institutions for farm
workers' cooperatives and poor or medium farmers.
K. Personnel
1. The Council of Ministers and the Central Committee of the Bulgarian
Communist Party request the Ministry of Agricultural to provide all its depart-
ments and related services in district and okoliya people's soviets, machine
tractor stations, and state farms with well-qualified and reliable personnel.
2. Within one month, the Ministry of Agriculture will set up a plan for
the apportionment of specialized personnel among districts and okoliya.
3. Recently graduated agriculturists will be assigned to their posts by
the Ministry of Agriculture. The people's soviets are not authorized to make
such appointments without the approval of the ministry.
4. Within one month, the Ministry of Agriculture will submit a project
for the transfer to the Ministry of Agriculture of a possibly large number of
agriculturists, veterinarians, and other specialists now attached to various
departments.
5. The Ministry of Agriculture will introduce all necessary measures to
improve the work standards of agricultural workers, revise the programs of
agricultural schools, eliminate over expanded curriculums, and establish bio-
logical laboratories Lad other facilities for special studies.
6. The teaching body will be improved by filling vacant positions and
dismissing inefficient teachers. Qualified agricultural teachers will be
promoted to superintend the schools. The Ministry of Education is being
advised to transfer some teachers of general subjects to work in agricultural
schools.
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7. Special courses will be held at the bevinning of the school year
to improve the political training of teachers, and a general political con-ll be held
holidays willnalsoibe enrolleddinlthetpoliti al training.- ursesufor high-school teachers
teachers.
8. Student admission will be based on a strict check of the social and
political background of the applicant.
9. State farms will turn over a part of their land, draft animals, live-
stock, etc., to the agricultural schools in Sadovo, Obraztsov Chiflik, Tolbuk-
hin, and Silistra, which will establish their individual school farms.
10. The Agricultural Academy will introduce correspondence courses.
11. In 1950, the Ministry of Agriculture will send 150 persons to the
USSR to study the methods of sovkhozes, kolkhozes, and any new scientific
agricultural work systems.
L. Structure of the Ministry o? Agriculture
The Council of Ministers and the Central Committee of the Bulgarian Com-
munist Party request the Ministry of Agriculture to reorganize its operating
staff, improve work methods, and eliminate red tape. Employees must be more
aware of their responsibilities and must be ready to solve any problem in their
field.
To enable the ministry to handle all its assignments efficiently, the Coun-
cil of Ministers and the Central Committee of the Bulgarian Communist Party have
established and ratified the following organization:
1. The highest authority is the administration, comprising all departments.
2. Some offices of the ministry will be established as autonomous organi-
zations, independent of the administration.
3. The following administration units are provided: (a) plant.adminis-
tration, (b) animal husbandry, (c) veterinary administration, (d) farm workers'
cooperatives, (e) machine tractor stations, (f) state farms, (g) agricultural
supply and graded seed, (h) land administration, and (i) water administration.
4. The following autonomous departments are established: (a) economic
planning, (b) land distribution and crop rotation, (c) constructioon(gd) personnel
economic
training, (e) scientific research, (f) finance and accounting, t
(housing and transportation).
5. A general office will be established;
6. District agricultural departments will be established in 1950.
7. A statute for the agricultural departments of okoliya people's soviets
will be established, based on the volume of the sown area and the number of
livestock and personnel.
8. Veterinary and agricultural sections will be established in every
okoliya to assist farm workers' cooperatives and prtiate farmers.
9. During 1950, 45 okoliya laboratories will be opened and assigned to
soil analysis, examination of fertilizer requirements, seed analysis, etc.
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10. The ministry will organize project offices in charge of planning
new agricultural constructions and preparing appropriate estimates. Each
agricultural section of the okoliya people's soviets will have a construc-
tion technician to supervise construction work of farm workers' cooperatives
and ore surveyor, who will also be in charge of drawing up land registers
indicating the volume of cultivated and waste land.
11. A scientific and technical advisory committee will be established,
consisting of scientists who will be in charge of all scientific and techni-
cal problems arising under the ministry's jurisdiction.
12. A group of inspectors will supervise the fulfillment of every
assignment.
13. A state commission will be established to approve new grades of
seed and new breeds of animals.
14. Before 1 March 1950, the Ministry of Agriculture will submit for
the approval of the Council of Ministers a new statute for the ministry and
all its okoliya and district departments.
Council of Ministers
Central Committee, Bulgarian Communist Party
20 January 1950
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