MEDICAL SCIENCE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000600200263-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 6
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 29, 2011
• Sequence Number: 263
• Publication Date: September 13, 1948
• Content Type: REPORT

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~t7ltNTRY ,,.;..USSR .
SUBJECT Fbdice,15c1ence
CACA QUERED
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CLA$~iCATiUN RES~~ICTED
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE i~GENCY
arlv~oRMi~~?~T
DATE DfSTR, 13 ~ ogtgmbor
1948...:
N0. OF PAGES. 6
N0. OF ENCLS.
(LISTED eEIAWI
THIS IS UMEIIALUATED iNFORMA~':AN FOR THE RESEARCH
USE OF TRAINED INTELLIGENCE ANALYSTS
50URCE Ruoeien perisdical, ~ Zdra?ooklsreneanl9e 1Nc+ 6, ig47. {Pik Pa: Abe
22'153 --'7aaaeletion epe~l~r reQueetad.)
TJ~ &X'l~IATIZATIOP[ ~ so~T Nitsl3ic;s. sCY111iCE~S
I' B. Roetotskiy
Rusoxea msdiaal ecieaow has elveye ocoapied a pramiasn~,place in"the hietors
of rand science. The names of li. I. Pirogov, ti. P. Botkin, I. 8. 8echsnav, ,.
I. I. Meclwikov, and I. P. Pavlov have become feenoue. lleclmikov, or?e of the
founders of modern miorobiolo?, and Pavlov, vho bscros famous in the begin-
ning df the 20th Century face hie reeeeroh m the phy+eiologf of digestiaa, rare:'
'honored vith the Nobel paKse.
Pbermncologiat N. P. Rrsvko-, s?~rgsme 8. P. l'sdaro!v and V. I. Rasumovekly,
bnctoriolagiet C. N. Oaba~ichevskiy and tho praaent honar~ academician N.,P'.",+
Oamale~ra have en;)oysd ride fame sad re~noEn both in Russla end abroad..
Soviet science, according to tae varde of the ;~esideat of Lhs AcaCanp
od Scienoee cf the , S. I. 4aviloi, is "sot eimplj a Bart of rand rcieace'
rhioh has developed in the territorP of the CA~i, but a eoisaes easential7~ of
a special structure end choractar." Soviet seianoe from t9e first daps after
the Great October Socialist Revolutim ru nlncad at the dispaeal of the rarkere
end aabcaldiaated to the la!ereele of the socialist etruotsro.
Niaa~e than 3~ aciantific research institutes, 86 medical 3neti*.utea, the
Acedsq of llsdieal Bcieacsa of the USt;;t acd its institutes---those are the base
far eoientifio research in medico soianoe vhioh has been created during 30
Isere of Soviet rule and is cmtinnousl~ developing.
The aahiFTernte of Soviet medical scimon founded as such s porerful
hoes have been camiderabls, sepsoiall~ during rsoent deers.
Work in the aedical~islogiasl sciences has been grewt7,~ accelerated. The
reasaroh apt x. P. Pavlo- m the etndN of 'the plpeialofp of higher nervous
aatSvitr has boss itirthar developed. die stady rat claee]~ emoevted rit9 the
hues cd' gsn~ral end evolnticoery pdpsio'log~ ea~d the etu0~ of the ltineticos of
the nervous gstm in the. process of ontogeoetle (a3bz7onic ~ devolopsisnt.
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iJe:r facts were collected on the dynamics of the ?~ervous processes +n '''.e
brae oP the brain under different pathological condicionE, which gave a basis
for methedo;af.treating puychic'dioer:eee. ;L. T: Bykm? ee'tablished;in hie ~.~cu?Is
e,a exact presentation of the interactive connections between the base of the
]:as?~e hemispheres of the brain and the internal organs.
ecOp'~~ research, which he has called tracheoscopy, by the use of which many
ncw-~~Secaverles have been made in the structure of the serous cerebral eaem-
brane 9nd other membranes.
in 'the work of I. D. Davydoerekiy,from data collected during the war,
'.i ri't was thrown an problems of the pathological anrtea>ar of an in,Jured duct
cbxst~?butian to our theoretical sad practical mei:icine+
The data obtained by I. P. ~azenkov an "A ivew Aspect of the Activity of
tae fkee'kroiateetinal Tract" ere important to phyoiologq.
7'he xork oi' Y. R. Anochin on the problem of the 'T'hyalological I+1gchP.niaeria
aI "::r;i~er ,)arvoue Activity? demonetx?eted that candltisned reflex !s .the result
ai tba integration of all sections of, the cortices-or the large cerebral heael-
sn:reres. ~~ that E ~rious snd impellent companents of reflexes are' inhibited
by ,these marhanisms. Kaplmsky abtaiued data oi' great iwportance faa? tho ciSn'c
with .eYearancn to the disturbance of soma ferment systems in the ).aver and ki%-
neye .?` rlalmale on a diet wide a small albumin content: moat work on the''
nrobir*~+ D1 the "Study of the P.ola of the idervoua System 1n the Organizatf.on oP
a Prtibolo~'~.cal Process"? was accanpliehad by the A? D. Speransky School.:
Tae pathogenesis and structure of granular tissue 4n humane wue carp"ully
ezom;ned and determ'ned bq ii. i4. Anichkov.
+.tteation should also be called to the cork of it: I. Greshchorilcov -"ar
t.c+ expoaitica of the mecbeaziem of cap111ary processes taking F1ACe in pathos:
la~cri cc.i9ltiona of the nervous system, which made possible eccuratn ,ev~l~re-
^?' the ef~ECte of medication 04] vac*_oua diseases of tho nervous system.
A1t'co:,?Y theoretical, (b?ashchenkov'a Rork has great praotica'i signli'icPnao ::?nco
. t ,-wee prgcticing p2grsioiaw a method xbich pazmtta a corrnct eotimate oi' the
c.ct'.on e? various medicinal preparations`(proser"no, prastigmine, and eecrine):
I'be w^rk of our ec'_entists it the last 2' years hoe been impartr~nt ^loo in.
the ield of clinical medicine. d. IV. Speranakiy ?avo a new cleaeificat'an .far
seF:?,c?taxic aynds?ame eiaoenv ebi.ldren, end Ardhaveiciy gave the phyaialogical
b*.uFa for the coarxol of pTimEry and secondary aephpsirtion in naarbora ia'cnys:
A. I. IY.~rokhotove developed eaporitoentel 'whoopinc, cough t.n anlmels an? , er.^b??
b:Jtna9 Lhe efficacy oS using byperi~i~ie sru?un far whooplag cough.
^etrrn+ sad Iiholfin obtainer) goad rosnits in treating cancer of tho rectum:
:'.^Z+..nc'-ty Aatd 8tafacn xar'ked out new methods for the surgical trer:tmeut o:' 'c-n?
rer 7:' the esopha;~rs, Dillon in X?r-,~y treatm:mot-. :s-d itiquova and'I2oakln sa
g. S. (iirgolov and I. G. RuT:anav en'e;!e:1'od a study r??n er!made. The Ia'!nci-.
plea of diphase therapp? n1' ao?mds sere eatabliebod. Tho Eoviet eir,'g9anu,
H. I. ,l+ns::lin, ?. t''. Go?~3ae?!?skays, 8. S. Yudin, Ii. e1. Potcov, ii. d. Palarov,.
eaP othei-e did a grant deal ?o imprcvo methods a* troati.ng frroturee oP the
limb9. 'IIis watrk t,:' M. Topcbibashev pra:'?dad tho basil fca' a sew method oa
?aneral narcosis duriaq ea operation b; introduclrW, ether eubautaneeusly..
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rho au^ceesea of the ii. ti 8etrdsnko 8ahoo1,ln nenrasurgery are a matter
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~~ST~ICTE~
ta^.rsg, Chernorutekiy. Gel'e'.~teyn, and ~3a1'dmen directed their s+orx towartl ?
etuLy oi' the outbreak of l,ypertonic disease in Ir-ningrad in 1944.?
given the work of M. S. Vovsi for the study of the course of gastric ulcers,
geaLr`tia, pulmox}ary emghyeeaia of the lungs, pne~-?rin, and nephritis. Big
the dead and on tissue thexepy is very we 11 known.
Our success in the fielil cf prophylactics and the treatment of diseases
oS yhe ataamch.
':. I. iCazanakiy worked out an ari.glnal method of anteroleteral. approach 'to the
esophogua and cexdia in operatiruze far cancer of the a5ophague or the cardia
on the eeonhague and istcceech was xurtner aeveiopec ati Lne rxper2menLat suxgi-
ct;1 Institue of the USSR Academe of Mr:dlcal Sciences. B. V. Petrovshiy and
thie.disaaae; that of 5;eblokov? who made a study of the wall-etocl:ea erawnnl
In 1847 the work of the following scientiete was honored by the 3taliu
prlse~ th:~ work of Arin;:ia "Puncture of the Bc.ie A;exrox," of great ei@aift-
canoe in correct diagaos:e of hemopathic roalditione; that of 1'ex?eyev, who
eut;gosced notional methoia for the treatment of malaria on the baste of a
mono profo:md study of the condition of ':he internal argalae in the course of
9
av!te~aiaoaes any' the nonspecific action of vitamins iz diseases of the (hl~:id)
vec~eelo, the gr:etroi,iteotinal tract, etc. `loch are the succesaea'of our
Rueoi'A ?erapoutf.u schools.
:n 19~~6-47 a series of valiErble e~ggeations vane made on prophyle.ae-
and av the medical treatment of dieeoso& which yield '.a treatment with ?i~fi-
pc+taesium (poteau!umth'ocyEUaste) in bypertonic diseases? Finally, in hc,
Vovei, Vinogradov, Ge?'ahteyn, Savita end Kurshadkov clinics the problem of.".
nootubercular chronic diseeaee of the heart of frogs were eiadied.- Palledln
senikov uad ttysa made a study of the use of vitamins !n hypo-
Cherkes t?1
3tudiys were aeda .n the Pxperimantel Therapy'Inetitute of the Acadergy of
Medical Sciences on *.he therspe:utic action of rhodrnates'(eulnhocyanatea) of.
the trestu+oct of ~.oproay. He desonatrated the eff'arcy of i:hie nethod by certeila
derlvativee. And complex ctlmi:::d
a plats of scientific reaearah. The ecies-tific medics,] council at the iT35R
idialetxy of Public Health aa!l the ecieatlYic medical a7,utsil8'ot the Miniew
tt'1as a8 Public Health of the iktim Republics did likevieo. Sometiaea,
ladivldual establishaente sad organizations in the public wealth system
stn eepeoially important pa'ob].eme of public health, the redaction of the mo~-
bidity end moa'telity rates amcog the. populatim, sad the development of ride?
spread mesaurea to improve seaitation oonditiaaes fitthsrmare, thin pleaaiag
was purs7~ in the nature oT a reocaerendatioa sad not a directi~ro. ,The pleas
developed were not pat into proper farm. They ware published is bsooharee :''
for voluntary reading> ,Planning of tLie sort aetmot De called a state plan
fns science.
orn:ld not serve the purpose of guiding medienl eoieaoe. It did not etimalate
.the ereatian of scientific schools as aaatribute to a rapid ndvence of Soviet
hoe E"~ :sad besets strong; mclei of wskere is medical b?ienco have snare
moashj Sax^eeesd.
of asdioal eoiextce sad over b,000 oeadidate. In medical science, no*. laolud-
ing ateny Lhas:smde of aalentL~ic co workers in acieaLific reeeerch institutes,
weistants, st nl. Cur lnstitutoo, is gunernl, are equipped with thtr epptretua.
pad chymicaL aeoeasery fns scientific research work. 'Ails mluiPment, h~~,
should bs =eplaced e~.3 ispx~ovwd in seller to eolvd LCo p??ob?mDe assigned by the
Five.~ear :'lea for ecieatifia research work of the USSR Miaietry o* inblic
'Ate government ratasittes that iavsstigatsd the argaaisatim sad sativity
od U88R Ifla:etry of Public Health is ]]etch 1947 round a ]sole of liaison botaeeo
medical eeisnoe and practical pnblie health. It dieoovered that rueeatch see
sot Dlaoned or managed aador the direction of the Hiaiatry, sad that the roiet;-
tifio reesarch rack of the inetitnbs of the Acndeigy of ]]adios] Soianoee sad
iastitutee vhdch were directi, undev~ the 11.96Q 1Hnietty ad Public health ati+!
td+s Public Health Ministries of the Union Repnbliee tae developing rithoat say
specific diractim or --u-poee and without conoidsratim ~ the dais and gr1-
aiary noeda of pubiia health.
Ia its declaim the gove?>nment oottstlttse pointed out the neeesaeity of
Ntablishing n unified Five Zear PLn for the ecietntific reLSereh nark od the
U86R Minletry of Public Bealth. 'ibis plan should Sadicate the bMaic treads
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The Plan was accepted in prinoiple Dy the Board of the t]BSR Ministry of
Public Health.
The ,meat and eztremsl' aaapllasted vork of crsatiug this fixet plan
was carried out under tl~ dlrectim of the acimtifia medical council of the
1183tt Miai3try of Public Heal*-L la 2 menthe. After sevamal caa!'armcee rith
a great n~msber of the Yore~at representatives of Soviet ecienco bald u~ler
ire diree~tim of the Dgaietsr of Public Health, E. %. asixaov, a list oP the
bealc pro~aleme of medical eaienoe. lereomad aseeaxtial fev laclueion in the Five-
Year Plea vas prepared. On 14 ~ 1947, the Hoard of the tdlnistr, approved
this List is jaiaaiplo. Later, the scientific medical council of the tliaole-
tLy, ytth the a1d cad aloaeet pa?tioipatioa of the Presidium of ties IJBt~t
Acadsn? oC 1Qsd1cal :laiencoe eaeigaed L00 eoleuti:te and rorkex~s 3u the !Sold
of madiai~m to assist is prepexiag the Five-Year Flan for aaientitic rerearah
This pleas (for 1944-1950} ie a composite medical acloaore plan, embracing
chief7' tae work of the acientilic research inetitutss of tho TJS~ Aceiesp
of -9sdical Scieucoe sad the scientific research and medical laetitutes eub-
ject to t'ae Uaim Repul+lice.
This vas the plan oetebliehed at first. %t included the vork,alread'
accomplieasd in 1946 sad the first half of 1947?
7a gpril 1947, in compliance with these inetruatioas, t-om the Coveras-
meat ccmtittee, the tT9~t Ministry of Public Health proceeded to establish a
entxY:QC r~3eoarch work with Ste inspection sad control.
of medical science, car?~espond~tg~~ng requireaenta of public
ae cal ealemac and preatiosl ppblia health work in the futtma, by providing
Por pa~opar control of the srfautim of the pLue b7 the ![inietry. The ties
established between the medical eoisatiete end the IISf~i Miaietry of Pnblio
eole~rEiria researoL rock rea en important step is eliaiaatiag Yee gap betweass;
di
n
ro
preaar~rillm of t3a health of industrial warkere, eesrch for acv medioiaxee
eocd iavletigatim of the mecbanim of their action pa'saervatim of the health
+~ rasan sad ohildran, study of pb~-.ical facWs~a (health rssorte, p~aio-
tba~rapeutiaej sad tho macbaaiaa of their effect npm the aa~gaaism, aauitatim
cf rater supplies sad vmtiLtioa, cud uutritim for the henlttp asM the sick.
e
ood
, vassals end
Lean and their treatment, flee moat serious iafectims-end their ao
t
'
awva
a, ehaohf hypertaeia, acd Other diueaeea.
Otbar thecretiaal probltme are the etu~jr of pb7eioahsaiaal methods of
ebalerving tb? pleeeaaona of life? the stud,} of the hig'ar neosous nativity,
cud the ereainatim of t1M prolslem of inflaeeintim.
'.'Le most importmt esatima oY '-he plan ere davotsd to Gbs prob].aoe of
and its omtrol, to ~pertmie diseases of th
bl
p
p
Y
,aY
the mast diverse diseeesa , s, end therapy of
all cancer) tr ~ pea~tioularij, fnfeatione, aeligoant trraare (above ' ".
t
ea u
e
distriiod 3a ocunsetioa rich tL~e solving s+m7 ~~ of pbysiolag~ cad
pathogenesis
e'o
L
]
i
o
transforawtim in tlxc m ee albmaias and their
ganiam, stifle 8rom its moraine emiverani biological
ia~porteooo is a 't
i St
~o~V~T+e ? T.oa avmeu argsalam. b'ithout a solutim to this prob],e?,
p~ae is an' of the branches ad msdlcai esieaos Se ineaneeiveble, 'lies
at?gj of the atracture cad phFaioahemiasl properti
f
of wbioh ie essential faT ~ ~`~_~~-` ~~""'~
lsprooed medical serviod and far, mc$o offaotivo .
omtral oS the mcrbidity cad aortalit, raLen emaog tine peoples of the Soviet
Tkaion. However, those pa~oblama are cot eaSined to praatiaa~ omeidarntim
alma. Ilse plan also iaaludee pnrsl, tLaoretiosl prablaea tihiah, unlse;a
aolvsd, woui8 webs the aolertim of psaatiaal pn~oblt.oe in cmtrolling s:trema7,y
pn~e-alant diseessa impossible and iaamoeaivable.
Y~Srai; ~6 scab thsoratieal. prolsLaea bslmgs the stud? of the bioahas-
ietrr oP nlbeesfua and caeboLvdratea. and a4 trw a.,~?.,.s*