RAILROADS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000600200075-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 5
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 29, 2011
• Sequence Number: 75
• Publication Date: May 28, 1948
• Content Type: REPORT

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THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION FOR THE RESEARCH
USE CF TRAIN D INTELLIGENCE ANALYSTS
Transport ento prisoe, both plants and depots, cre fitted Frith very costly
equipment. Better utilisation is an important prerequisite in increasing the
+>eso of lee tive and car repair. To do this, it is necessary to er+phaaise
not the mean arithmetical norms of utilizing machinery and muitipie-piupose
machines, but rather those mean arithmetical norms which reflect stekhanivite
work methods and better impwvemewt of new techniques.
Use is this equipment being utilised in transport plants at the present
tins? First of all, one met assert that here is a case of large-scale to-
proper utAilisatioa of reserves.
An sgalyaie shorwd, for exasplo, that at the Krasnoyarsk, Konotop, Vologda,
Itgyua and Tashkent plenty, the annual production of one meal-cutt' ; machine
asountsd to 45,000 to 60,000 reblea, whereas at other plants having similar
equipment, sunk as the Dnepropatrovek, Rostov, Shevo'ankco, Kharkov, and Ufa
plants, production was half as mach. It is apparent from thi:,that at those
plants which fail behind in the utilization of equipment, there Is cnrree nd-
Stag difficulty in the over-all plan of production and cork officiary, which
is readily aeon in the eosaparatively ',mer production output attained b1 one
worker gad by one machine in 3946.
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RESTRICTED
per Month
for One
Corker (in
Rubles)
Gross Pro-
duction for
One Lachine
per Year (in
Thousands of Rubles)
Kcnotop
425
62.5
Krasnoyarsk
438
61.2
Vologda
453
50.4
Poltava
431
43.8
Ufa
367
37.6
Dnepropetree k
357
27
8
13octov
,
376
.
22.3
Shev'chenko
302
21.8
The Shevehenko and Y.onotop plants are equipped to the same dsgroe, where-
as the equipment at the former plant is of o more modern type. !However, as
a result of better loading at the Koooto~ plant, the work efficiency of all
workers (machins-tool wor ere and others, at this ,.Lent was one and ono-half
times greater thmt at the Shcvahsncc;plant s9ie plant?vas thus -able to
produce twice as much as the Shcrirzied:,7 plant in 1946, ev~.n though its total.
increase in manpower was onls,3O percent. Some chiefs of plants (!arosl.av,
Dnepropetrovsk, Ufa and others) are prone to e muse nonfulfillment of the
production plan on the grounds of iuci ,, ur~~o::er?9 ':c~tc t '.aou;1 ' ris.ic ..Lh
result..of nro};dr utilization oQiho Suipm_ztWi~nir d at tLc_v grlh.nlante..
As s result of disrepair of equipment, there is a signifiieet pro-
portion of atoppages which reaches 15 percent of the general reserve of the
machine's work in some plants. The Alatyr Locomotive Repair Marts for ex-
ample, lost 54,000 machine hours in 1946 through breakdcwa of equipment,
which eonetituee more than 10 percent in the time balanc~ of the plant ?e
work. In the Chkalov Locomotive Repair Plant, the Kanash Railroad Car Re-
pair Plant, and other plants, this stoppage amounts to 5 percent.
Thus, merely keeping equipment in pod r.'orking order c-n raise its
productivity 5 or 10 percent.
As in the past, sufficient attention is not being given the following:
c tal gepair of the basic plant facilities during the first r?ucrtr
of 19J7/ was fulfilled 67 percent in the Privolga Okrug, 58 percent in the
Donets OL-ug, and 52 percent in the Central C$crug. Chief mechanise of
administrations and plants must remember that fulfilling mvernmontal de-
cieions through the adoption of mean progressive norm entails for them
serious obligations in keeping the plants' cquipmcnt in good repair.
The struggle for mastery of 6..w prop esc+ve norese in the it$lizet.?on
of equipment is at the same time a straggle for leading all, production through
a strictly regulated technological process, encompassing and coordinating
all operations necessary for output of finished products. t+ithout this
severe work regimen, production output will result in bottlenecks.
~~ : The work of seveEal railroad car-wheel works and shops, which basically
possess uniform, highly productive,powerfla wheel equipment, is character-
istic oY this eonditiou. At present, the plan for repair of pairs of rail-
road ca) wheels by huge of component parts is not beins carried out, and
this hakes the improvement of rolling stock difficult. The number of tail-
road oar wheels needing repair continuously ghee while, at the came time,
the wheel shops do net utilize their productive capacity effectively. This
ucaturel condition in wgrlained by the fact that the majority of wheel sets'
awaiting plant repair demand replacements of their hube and bandings:. In
turn, these two operations, the production of hubs and bandinge, is effected
STAT
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f
on turning and boring lathes, the ineffectual use of which hinders the Improve-
ment of rolling; stock. These shops possess, of course, all necaseary means for
increandn the productivity of their turning and boring lathes.
Wotidthetanding the fact that all these shops have uniform turning and
boring lathes, the production of hubs and bandings is carried out by different
methods. The production plan is also diverse. If a single. technological pro-
coos in the production of vihael sots sere to be introduced, then these differ-
ences in the utilization of similar turning and boring lathes could be re-
duced to asidnimam, the a.orage machine production could be raised to its mean
progreysive norm, and the ser" us problem of improving rolling stock could is
settled. 81&v a this single technological process has not appcarcd, disparity
my be assn in the utilization of ehe31 equipment, observed from the data in the
following tables
It is clear from the table that the Iyangasovo,. Sverdlovsk, and Dol .ntncvo
works had the highest percentage of plan fulfillment. These same uorkssa also
show the highest norms in utilization of turning and boring lathe equi,
Those vrka cinch failed to guarantee correct utilization of equipment did not
fulfill the plan. These included the Tula, Datrald, Alma-Ata, Chelyabinsk,
and others.
The avera?_'e daily production of turnin?; and boring lathes as rt6iaf'u5
the turning of bandings arountod to seven bandine_gs in railroad tsheel ahorp::
end in railroad car repair plants, -talc the : rer'ge production was from
13 to 23 bandige in senarato onterpri.aes, and the sn dresm daily figure in
such leading enterprises an iyangasovo and L.a&;ritogors:c trc 24 or 26.
A very eindl sr picture is observed in the p oduetion of hu: a end ;hoee!.a.
The average daily quota for a machine tool throughout the railroad network
amounts to 6.4 railroad wheels, whereat the mg;dtn!n figure in various dope to
26, and in some cases even 33. From tido, it is evident that leveling.mear
arithmetic norms seriously harms railroad-car eoonoW.
In the field of repair those technical norm which regulate the ef'ti cies cr
of speeiAl machine tools are of great importance. The technical norms of these
IDap s A t?o the ces late utill.2 nn of es~fieioney marked an
i`,40o twos .wsa vojw.:... -+-a-----
their rating plates and of the reserve of their Corking time.
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1.
RESIT
In order to insure Industrial repair methods, mobile machines for grinding
pedestal jaws, portable machines for crindirg cylinder and hood bushings, boring
machines for crossheads and slide bearings,, grinding machines far armatures, etc.,
are of especial importance. These machines are highly productive, reducing mark-
edly the amount, of hand labor and consequently reducing the idleness of rolling
stock while undergoing repair.
An order from the Minister of Transportation to plants and railroads has
posed the tusk of obtaining nm d mare utilization of metal-cutting equipment and
of mastering the mean progressive norms of the work of these machines.
The calendar reserve of a machine's work tiny during two shifts amounts to
3d4 hours per month. Naturally a machine's effective work, which is what we call
machine time, cannot equal this calendar reserve, since in these enterprises there
are unavoidable stoppages of machines due to removing or setting up operating
parts, changing instruments, taking measurements, etc. The extent of these un-
evoidabla stoppages depends on'the organisation of the work and the working area,
as well as on whether the machines are working on piece. or unit orders. In order
that the asuunt of time expended in readying the machine impinge lees on the ma-
ahine's idle. time, it is necessary that the volume of unit parts which ca be
prepared without interrupting a production order be as large as possible.
The prewar work experience of our large plants shows that this problem can
be completely solved and that it pays for itself economic".1 y, since apart from
stock while it is undergoing repair is also achieved.
In order to guarantee currant require: zatt, a email nunnber of machines must
be manufactured. The remaining machines mast work on the principle of serial
equipment, suitable for serial production. We plant received -an order for
spare parts from railroads of the t.eatern Okrug in accordance with the plan for
aificant number of our repair plans.
The requirement submitted to our plants concerning the speedy increase in
the utilisation of machines and equipma*,,t obligates us to deal with the inclusion
of unit orders for spare parts on a basic of internal and external cooperation
among p1:lrts. These questions mist he studied by the plant administrations to-
gether with okrug administrations concerned with spare parts. Unlaes the im-
portent questions of plant cooperation are solved, the problem of:ef_iectivo u,i-
l oration of equipment cannot be solved.
A oonsidera' le quantity of axle bearings, crossheads, superheated-steam
compartments, and Mar labor-consuming spare parts are required by the trans.-
portation system. In spite of this, locomotive repair plants produce only 50
percent of these items for the railroads in finished form, the remaining 50 per-
cent leaving the plants in a semifinished state and having to be sent to distant
industrial plants for processing. The preparation of these parts on universal
lathes without special attachments requires a oonei..erablo amount of time spent
in 14i17 operations (setting up, planning), which leads to a low coefficient
of u`il.iaaUeee of the maohinere time reserve.
At the present time, tecnical, industrial, and financial plane for plants
are being worked out. Lean progressive norms for the utilisation of equtpmmt,
guarantees of the effectiveness of introducing now technical norms, and increases
of these niece in practice must be reflected in these plane. The technical plan
for sash plant's production wat encompass the following basic nroblemat a plan
for mechanizing labor-consuming processes, the introduction of nor techniques
sod.adaptations for production, and the repair of basic equipment.
4
Rr"STRICTI)
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RIMMED
A mastery of mean prugre8sive norms in the utilization of ecpaip t will in-
creme output of production in transportation plants.
STAT
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