MINORITIES IN POLAND

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000500830093-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 3
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 28, 2003
• Sequence Number: 93
• Publication Date: September 16, 1947
• Content Type: REPORT

roTDln1. ?.I'" c a IOUS I rnnorS CLASS e' YlON
"Approved For Fe ease 2
COUNTRY Poland
SUEJECT Minoritiee, in Poland
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4 OUPWITBE OF THE UNITRD OTATEII WITHIN TNG
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tENTNAL INTELLIOI,NCC
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1. There arc approximately 600 thousand Jews in Poland. They are eonoentratod mainly
in loner Silesia and western Pomerania, but are also very numerous in Gdansk,
Gq'nia, and ouch industrial and commercial o?ntero of the Silesian Debro&a province
as Katowice& Glivice, Zabrze, Bytom, and Opole. Jews have diaappearod from
Polish villages, small towns and oven many of the larger towns.
2. Diombere of the governing Josiah elite in Poland belong to one of threw political
parties: PPR, PPS, or SD. They dominate the PPR and its Politbiuro .from which
all political deoislons emanate. Through such men, as Drobner, EoohwUdl and
Sswalbe, they control the P.M. Chain gives thew leadership in the Sr-,
S. Although di'vidad in their party allegiance, the Jews are politically united in
their attitude toward Communism and the USSR. Lad by their Lntelligontsia, the
majority of commercial and prolotc.rien Jews adhere to the Communist principle.
They will, according to the W1iPb (All Russian Communist Party of Bol,6vTviks),
serve as a brio for future political action.
4. The Soviet Union believes that Jew are potentially the most poworila7.T. ,y~ora against
capitalistic regimes. Their. policy has been to engender anti-An o-t ;son feeling
among the Jests, but at tho same time to urge cooperation be tween- .Weal warn and
Eastern Jews in the nnni& oi' racial affinities a4d common interests:, !.s .a new
tactical move in their gene against Anglo-Saxons, the USSR is now urging a complete
break between Eastern Jews and. the capitalistic Jews of the Hest,,, All feelings of
sympathy toward the West are being eliminated. Capitalistic Jewish policy is
blamed for the tragic position, of the Jewish proletariat in Eastern :;aropo, and
Comm njem and the USSR are pointed out as the only true friends of t1 Jcewc.
5.. The Zionist movement in Poland's carrying out the USSR concept throu-;'1 the Fund.
Zionists and Coisnuniats visualiso a Jewish state created in Poleotino to conduct
an ineaorablo f ,ht against the British and the .irabs. Religious and anti ,
Communistic groups in the lower brackets of Jewish society, however, )elievo that'
the JPwioh position in Palestine and other countries where they stayed after the
war can be strengthened through achievement of a peaceable agreement with the
British and a modus,vivendi with the, grubs.
WAR JZLAAF
CLASSIFICATION r
DISTRIBUTION
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R PORT
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September 1947'
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6. Jews have become quite active in the economic life of Poland. Donations from
the Government and from Jewish communist organizations which are supported by
foreign money,mainly American , have enabled the Jaws to reestablish themselves
economically. Three factors have contributed to this regeneration:: private
initiative, co-operatives, and "tKibuc".
7. Many oo-operatives have expanded rapidly. "11.'spolny Trud", for example, contains
the following sections; bakery, tailoring, shoomaki.ng, barbering, electric, pastry
and candy, leather goods, soap and shoe paste production, and scrap i:^on collection.
Another prosperous co-operative, the "Rybak 5zczecinski", was given a fishing
settlement in Trzebierz. It employs Jews froia Wilno, the USSR, and oven from Gen.
Anders' command. The Warsaw munioipality is currently building large pools for
fish in Praga on the old Rozychi Bazaar site. The lot was formerly o.;cupied by
Polish ehaoks which were demolished without any compensation from the municipality.
The fish market, when completed, will be operated by a Jewish co-oporRtive.
8. "Kibuo" is designed to educate the Jewish elements in occupations whi,::i they do
not f.?llorr normally; for example, agriculture. Estates in western Po., :oraniu and
lower Silesia have been designated for operation by oo-operative sott:.uments of,
Jewish farmers. The OT (Organizaoja Tworozoaci) is training apocial9.r,ts of all
kinds. It has 7.28 schools such as the -reaving schools in Bielsko and hodz, and
professional courses in shoemaking, handicraft, otc.
8. Health clinics, anti-tubercular stations, rest houses, dental clinics,. and stations
for the care of mothers and children have contributed to the maintenance of a high
standard of. health at Jewish schools and co-operative sottloments.
10. The Polish film industry is almost completely controlled by the Jews, On 1 Apr 47
Jan Albrecht, an architectural engineer, became Poland's motion picturo cL*" .
Albrecht is a prominent member of the PPR and a brother of George Albruchv,
secretary of the Central Committee of the PPR in Warsaw.
11. Poland's Jews are beginning to realize the danger in tb'4r political position:
The possibility of war has made them wonder what their fate will be ix the USSR
is defeated. The Jewish oligarchy in Poland, spurred by the Cominten:'s mandate
to load the fight against capitalism, has gone too far to expect Poland sympathy
in the event of a Soviet defeat. Jewish politicians believe that ant:-Semitic:a,
already growing, in Poland and Europe, would be further stimulated by .?.ziereacing'
ant..Zonism between the USSR and America. Furthermore, increasing ante?.gonism would
permit Germany, the source of all anti-Semitism, to plan an important political and
economic role. It is this fear of eventualities which has impelled-Jr.wa to leave
Poland. C,
12. An increasing number of Jewish officers are dosertinG the Polish ;rmy. -&otually
these deserters are Soviet agents, directed "from above" and, provided with exit
visas and other necessary documents. Most of them have gone to South .userica with
instructions to pose as loyal. Poled, establish contact with Polish na?i?ionals, and
serve as intelligence agents. An important group of these "desertersr will soon
land in the US.
V. German Poles in the "recovered territories" below to the P?R and con: tituto a
center of German influence and anti-Polish conspiracy. Polonization of these
elements is difficult because-the PPR is more concerned with its own ir.:terosts
than with Poland's. The unit of PPR? responsible for Polish policy in the
"recovered territories" (its secretory general, is Minister for the territories)
operates on the thesis that those Silesians; whether Germans or Poles; after
indoctrination in the Marxist spirit, will realize that German and Pol.:iah prolet-
ariats have common class aims which transcend more nationality.
14, German priests have weakened Poland's position in Silesia. Many of them maintain
that?Silesia is Carman territory and that German has become the predominant
language. Such damage as they have done will eventually be repaired by the arrival
of Polish priests to fill the newly created Polish:parishes.
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16. German underground Groups existing in the "recovered territories" ar.9
(a) Nazis directed by former members of the NSDP,
(b) German communists infiltrated into Poland from the Soviet Zone,
Ukrainians
of two types:
16. The UPA (Ukrain.'an Par*.san Army) is drafting additional personoell into its bands.
Its increased size is reflected in the greater frequency of attacks by groups
identified as belonging to UPA. The following incidents are typical of UPA
activity:
(a) 8 Fab 47 - A bond of 60 well-armed men in UPA uniform took a horse from Jan
Maroiak in Michalowka/1adymno, Jaroslaw.
(b) 7 Mar 47 - A UPA band made a night attack upon an SOK (Itailway Police) post
in Lupkow, Lesko, wounding two SOK men.
(c) 28 Mar 47 - A large UPA group raided Jasienica, Przomysl, step't.-Lag the
inhabitant's'rdrobes and seven Bead of cattle.
r
(d) 31 Mar 47 -A band of 30 UPA nien entarol Dabrowa, Lubaozow, killed two citizens;,
and burned farm buildings housing livestock and farm implemontc,
(e) 1 Apr 47 - At Lemkowszozyzna, Gorlico, UPA men started mobilizr..;ion of citizens
born during the years 1926, 7, and 8.
(f; 1 Apr 47 - A Polish Army unit under Jan Duplak, commanding, off".'.ar of the Cisna
MO post, was ambushed on the road between Diana and Baligrod, . >sko. DUptat:
and two soldiers wore killed; two soldiers were wounded and so's a captured,
The slain soldiers were undressed and mutilated to hamper idea%ifioation.
(g) 2 Apr 47 - Raiders entered the home of uma Ogonowaka in Roksz;?ne, Prremysl
and, murdered her. A note left on the corpse stated (in Ukrainir:n) that the
woman was killed for treason and co-operation with the UB.
(h) Raiders took all livestock from Kostkow,,San.
(i) The mayor of Makowisko and Jan Borys, a citizen, were kidnapper They are
still missing.
(3)
The commanding officer'. of the Laszki :lO post and one of his mi: :,?biamen were
killed,
(k) The co-operative at SzamrsPo, Jaroslaw as robbed.
17. Ukrainians living on the right side of the San co-operate with those JPA bands by
affording them shelter and protecting them from the authorities and the Polish
population. The. Ukrainian population on the left of the San in Jarc.slaw county is
'particularly terrorized by UPA bands and is.anti-Polish. People in r?iis area
recently demonstrated their "latik of appreciation" by refusing to p., - taxes.
18. The following incidents are illustrative of the suppressive action .~ming, taken
against the UFAs
(a) 8 liar 47 - County headquarters of the MO at Lubaczow disoovAror,.xnd attacked
a UPA pill-box. Four UPA men were killed,; a sub-machine gun, three carbines,
and a pistol were captured.
(b) 9 Mar 47 Forces from MO county headquarters and the ORMO in ;-::.iok attacked
a UPA stronghold in Rakawa, dispersing its occupants and, captuw:l.ng a horse
and a carbine. During the action 12 UPA men were trapped in a 4;11-box.
Man called upon to surrender, they exploded grenades and were } fled in the
resultant fire. The group supply officer was shot as he fled a rem a fox-hole.
(c) 29 Mar 47 -' The Army and the MO group from MSlyny, Jaroslaw atte.oked a UPA band,
killing its commander. One Polish soldier was killed.
(d) Edward 4iojiechowski, commander of the Lukawieo iS0 post, discovered u UPA pill-
box in the Dablcow, Lubacnow area. A sub-machine gun, six automatic pistols,
and sixteen carbines were recovered.
Ma sub ek''i''Ohm5wo"W"