INDICATIONS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL VULNERABILITIES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000500740144-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 11
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 24, 2001
• Sequence Number: 144
• Publication Date: October 10, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

I ~,~~ 2ele ;gRjg0j C gD0!80-00809A
COUNTRY
SUBJECT
HOW
PUBLISHED
WHERE
PUBLISHED
DATE
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CENTRAL INTEL.LIGENCE AGENCY REPORT N
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS CD NO.
INMIC.ATICNS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL VULNERABILITIES
TOII DOCUMENT CONTAINbIMP0AlATTON APPICTIMI Till NATIONAL DEFENSE
OP THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE 0908106 OF IIPIONASI ACT SO
U. I. C., II AND AMENDED. ITSTMMIUIPI10. ON THE REVELATION
DI III CONTINTI IN ANT ^ARREN TO AN IINAUTNOMIXED PINION IS PRO.
NIIITID 6T LAO. MIPNODUCTION of THIS, Faso IS PSONISITID.
SOURCE Monitored Bro I do d fats
CPW Report No. 50-A -- USSR
(19 Augu:3t-8 September 1952)
CONTENTS
19TH PARTY CONGRESS ............... 2
ACIRICUL'PURE .......................
INDUSTRY ..........................
MINER'S DAY ....................
...',
TRANSPORTATION ....................10
I!I
MISCELLANEOUS ..................... 11
II
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STATINTL
STATINTL
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UNCLASSIFIED
in the Party.
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consideration states that ~
THE 19TH PARTY CONGRESS
The revised Statute of t-' 19th Party Congress to be held on 5 October, as
announced in PRAVDA on 20 August, is given concentrated press and radio attention.
PRAVDA's invitation of comment and criticism of the draft Statute by all Party
mc~mbsrs and candidates has been followed by the opening of a special section designed
to reflect rank and file reaction to the new document. The importance attached to
these views "from below" as''.t were, may be gathered from lavish space assigned
to them by the paper which on September 4 came out in a 6-page issue. The Central
'Committee of, the All-Union Communist Party at the same time (26 August) calls upon
all Party organizations, from the primary organizations up, to 't tart immediate
discussions of the revised Statut,A "under conditions of complete; freedom of
criticism" (v usloviakh polnoya stiobodyr kritiki), and urges the ';arty press to publish
the opinions; of rank and filers both favorable and critical.
With one or two notable exceptions,', the flood of "critical remarLs" (kriticheskie
zamechania) ',appearing in the special PRAVDA section titled "Materials For the 19th
Party Congress" seem to harp on such petty issues as the phrasec.togy of certain
clauses in the Statute or the periods of convocation of oblast at'd lower Party
conferences.' There has been no reference so far, favorable or otherwise, to any
of the basic tenets of the Communist Charter. Of some interest,itn this connection,
is a letter from Moshtalenko, a Communist worker of a Voroshilovt:?ad plant, who
questions the definition of "eligibility for Party membership" as outlined in the
new Statute.' The latter, he quotespoints out that "any worker rho does not
exploit someone else's labor may be" a member of the Communist Pa:1,y. This is
obviously misleading in view of Stalin's Constitution which "estal4.ished the fact,
through legislation, that in the land of socialism exploitation ha= been liquidated"
(v zakonodatelnomporiadke zakrepila polozhenie o tom, chto v stra~e sotsializma
ekspluatatsia unichtozhena). Moshtalenko insists, therefore, that he use of the
word "exploitation" in the text may give rise to "idle talk" (krivctolki) and prompt
the suggestion of 'continuing exploitation in the country.
Another significant suggestion in regard to the wording of the new ('tarter comes
from Popov, a Moscow Party member. Referring to Khrushchev's thesiE on the
proposed Statute published in the 26 August issue of PRAVDA and broE~aast on the
same day, hel,claims that paragraph 3, point K, is not clear enough, \,uld easily be
misconstrued and should therefore be further elucidated. The passagkiunder I
Russian version:
he calls "dulled vigilance" (prituplenie bditelnosti) and a sense of secu.~.ty
. bearing in mind that we are living in a
capitalist surrounding and that Communist vigilance
is necessary in any sector and under any circumstanceEi
The divul in of Part and State secrets is the
g g
Arguing that] the above wording as it stands may be conducive to unjustif'?ble
misunderstanding, Popov suggests that the point be rephrased to urge gre`er
political vigilance on the part of the Communists, a decisive struggle ahVnst what
the divulging of Party and State secrets is a (
crime before the Party and is incompatible with
membership in its ranks.
razglashenie partiynoy i gosudarstvennoyt tainy
yavlyaetsya prestupleniem pered partiey i neuov-
mestimo a prebyvaniem v eyo ryadakh.
1
gravest crime and is incompatible with membership
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Russian version:
... pamyatuya, chto my nakhodimsya v kapitalisti-
cheskom okruzhenii i chto bditelnost kommunistov
neobkhodima na lubom uchastke I vo vsyakoy obsta-
novke. Razglashenie partiynoy i gosudarstvennoy
twiny yavlyaetsya tyagtyaishim prestupleniem I
nesovmeetimo s prebyvaniev v ryadakh partii.
Heavily underscored in the above-suggested phraseology is the foreign element involved
under conditionA of continued "capitalist surrounding." This makes any security leak
one of the worst political crimes which under Soviet laws may even call for capital
punishment In time of peace.
Referring to Party discipline and staff relations within the Communist hierarchy,
the draft Statute is cognizant of the highhanded methods of theieadership,
suppression of criticism and other evils which, it indicates, will be given consider-
able lattention at the forthcoming Congress. Party leaders, it is intimated, are in
a Letter position to by-pass Party discipline than their less powerful comrades in
the ranks, and many of them have been taking advantage of the possibility, Chapter
1, paragraph 4 of the revised Statute is obviously designed to remedy that situation:
The Party cannot have two types of discipline,
one for the leaders and another for rank and filers.
There is only one discipline in the Party, one law
for all Communists regardless of their services
and position.
Russian text:
V partii ne mozhet byt dvukh diatsiplin--odna dlya
rukovoditeley, drugaya dlya ryadovykh. Partia
imeyet odnu distsiplinu, odin zakon dlya vsekh
kommunistov, nezavisimo of zaslug I zanimayemikh
imi postov.
This its followed by the statement further in the same chapter that any Party member
hoe the right to criticize "any Party official" (lubogo rabotnika partii), although
there is no indication whether "any official" includes the Central Committee or higher
levels.
Considerable space in the draft Statute is given to a redefinition of rights and
duties of Party organizations at different levels as well as those of individual
members. While Party control over the activitiee of Soviet and economic organiza-
tionslis reaffirmed in specific terms, the relations between the armed forces and the
Party; organizations within them is referred to, somewhat cryptically, as something
beyond the scope of the proposed charter:
Party organizations in the Soviet army, navel
forces and transportation function on the basis
of special instructions approved by the Central
Committee..
Partiynie organizatsi.i v Sovetskoy Armil,
Voenno-Moi?skikh Silakh i na'.ransporte rabotayut
no osnove osobykh inetruktsiy, utverzhdayemykh
Tsentralnym Komitetom.
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UNCLASSIFIED
The security forces such as those under the Ministries of Internal Affairs (MVD)
and State Security (MGB) are, a usual, not even mentioned by name.
The prodigious output
on agriculture in the period under review is diffuse in
character, discussion of it raniing from autumn plowing and the construction of cow
sheds to fishing and rural electrification. A Lukovets article carried in PRAVDA
on 19 August ('not broadcast) 'speaks of the "unsound situation" (neblagooluchmoye
polozhenie) in Belorussian SSR here there is no visible improvement in the utiliza-
tion of farm implements. Combine's are idle by the dozen in Molodechno, j 'Grodno,
Baranovichi and other oblasts, and the daily output of those in operation is said to
have been down.to about 40 hectares per machine by the middle of August'! The time,
lag between the harvesting and he threshing of grain is so great, thatllin a number of
unnamed areas of the Republic o 91 phase of the field operation is already coming to an
end while the other one has not even begun. Nor is all well with cotton picking in
Belorussia. Although the plan provides that at least 65 percent of the cotton crop
be: machine-picked, most of the eotton is now "getting overripe" (perestdivayet) while
the machines are still lying idle around machine-tractor stations. What is most
disconcerting about the whole harvesting situation, according to the author., is the
continued indifferent attitude Othe local leadership, as well as its downright
opposition, to the introduction 16f new production technology:
... cases where machine-harvesting is simply
ignored were observed in Brest, Grodno,
Molodechno ejnd other oblasts. Certain backward
kolkhoz leaders did everything they could to
hamper the ntroduction of new techniques while
the Party andlSoviet authorities did little to
put an end o~that harmful anti-State tendency.
Russian version:
vali vnedre'i.u tekhniki, a partiynie i sovetakie
organy malo~sdelali dlya togo, chtoby presech etu
vrednuyu antigosudarstvennuyu tendentsiu.
I r
The extremely slow harvesting to pos and low machine productivity in a number:of
RSFSR oblasts are, sharply critic zed in an! unsigned PRAVDA article of 6I~September.
Analyzing the reaons for this unenviable performance, the article says that the
new army of young' and inexperienced combine operators are for the most part denied
the necessary political and mechanical assistance on the part of the locel.Party and
agricultural officials. Fuel, water and spare parts for the machines, though
available elsewhere, are not delivered to where they are needed, and the:! result
is idle machinery all over the flield. Lack of skill among the young operators is
also a contributing factor: it requently'Ihappens that combines are put] out of
commission after one day's work,jand no one among the crews is able to repair them.
^?ueh, it is claimed, is the situation now in Kalinin, Kaluga, Vologda, Smolensk,
v'-likie Luki and Yaroslav 0blasts4here harvesting for a period of 5 days varied
between five and eight percent oflthe plan!. A new low in combine performance is
said to have been reached in Firovskiy Rayon, Kalinin Oblast, where 15 combines
were barely able to harvest 77 hectares of grain in 5 days, that is about one hectare
v Brestekoy, Grodnenskoy, Molodechnenskoy i
drugikh oblaatyakh nabludalis fakty pryamogo igno- iII
rirovania ma!shinnoy uborki urozhaya. Nekotorie
otetalie ru3rovoditeli kolkhozov vsiacheski prepyatstvo-
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The Ukrainian Ministry', of Agriculture, according to a RADYANSKA UKRAINA report of
30 August, is greatly concerned by the slow progress of preparations for planting
winter cultures. The chief agricultural officials of Zhitomir and Kamenets Podolsk
Oblasts, itjis disclosed, have already been "severely reprimanded" for the agriculture]
mess in their respective areas, while a third, that of Zaporozhye Oblast, is threatened
with "severe punishment" (suvoru pckarennya), if he fails to step up the preparations
for winter culture planting. Fallow plowing and other phases of soil preparation
for autumn planting are, In the Ministry's view, hopelessly behind in Rovno, Sums,
Ternopol, Kherson, Mi.koleyevsk, Odessa and Zaporozhye Oblasts. In some of them,
in fact, autumn plowing has not even started and trap+nr brigades are not yet
organized. !Tractors and combines, the report hints, are not always idle because of
premature breakdowns, although this is often the case, but also because the men
assigned to operate them are not always there. And no wonder, they are simply not
fed. The regulations call for the organization of field kitchens, comfortable tents
and other amenities for machine operators but "in many brigades the feeding of tractor
drivers has , not been organized, and camps have not been set up ..." (v bagatyokh
brigadakh ne organizova'no gromadskogo kharchuvannya traktorystiv, nema polyovykh
taboriv ...)
A highly critical KAZAKHSTANSKAYA PRAVDA editorial broadcast from Alma Ata on
3 September declares bluntly that the tempo, of fallow'plowing in the Republic is
"extremely low" because' the Ministries of Agriculture, Cotton and Sovkhozes are
exercising '!extremely poor" leadership. The introduction of advanced technical
equipment is held back by the indifferent attitude toward machinery on the part of
oblast and other officials. The available machines on the fields are not used to
full capacity due to lack of desire and skill. But these are not the only shortcomings,
according to the paper.' Much work is yet to be done before the grain deliveries to the
State are completed and, the necessary winter sheds for cattle are built. The
editorial offers no more details on the Republic's agricultural situation beyond the
remark that Alma Ata, Karaganda, Semipalatinsk and Taldy Kurgan Oblasts are the
worst of the lot and that something had better be done there before it is too late.
A previous broadcast from Alma Ata (28 August) had stated that Kokchetav and Ease
Kazakhstan were among the slowest oblasts in the Republic in their harvesting opera-
tions. A large number of harvesting machines "has not yet been put to work," wwhfle
some of the 'combines onlthe fields have so far shown an average daily, output of
4.4 hectares which is "absolutely intolerable."
A summarized! version of Ia PRAVDA article broadcast on 25 August says that the
Central Committee of the Kirghiz Communist Party, convened to set the date for the
convocation of the sixth Kirghiz Party Congress, found it necessary to discuss
"the liquidation of agricultural State violations in the Republic" and take
appropriate measures. There is no intimation as to the scope of the mentioned
violations or the severity of the measures adopted, however.
Although preparations for winter culture production--seed c'-Paning, fallow plowing,
sowing etc.--'are among the chief targets of the central and :Wepublic nn-level
propaganda, other phases of field work are not overlooked.
Livestock and I'Q.dUr: The hay-making nnr1 storeging season is officially over but
reports from', various localities point to unfinished jobs here and there.
SOTSIALISTICHESKIY DONBAS reveals (19 A.ngust) that a number of Stal.ino Oblast rayons
"are still unable" to stockpile the necessary fodder supplies despite the machinery
and manpower at their disposal. Kr.asnoarmeiskiy, Andre7revskiy, Staromlinovskiy and
Slavyansk Rayons are listed as critical areas where the future well being of the
cattle is extremely uncertain. A KIROVOGRADSICA PRAVDA article broadcast on
19 August sees increasing signs of a repetition of last year's mistakes. In 1951,
it says, there was a shortage of fodder with the result that cattle had to be fed
straw and chaff which lowered its procuctivity and stunted its growth. The present
UNCLASSIFIED
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progress in fodder preparations is strongly reminiscent of last winter's situation:
Mechanizers are waiting until kolkhozes
gather the straw and sheaves, and kolkhoz
chairmen are waiting for help from machine-
tractor >tatione, and while they.are waiting!
time goes by and the soil is drying up.
A Godeyev article published in CHERNMORSKAKOMUNA and broadcast on 4 September says
that although there isevery reason to look' forward to:a decent fodder base in
Odessa Oblast, the present situation does not justify such, optimism. Rich agricultural
crops have ,been grown this year, it is pointed out, but the prospects for improving
the stockbreeding industry are not as bright as they should be. Nor can any improve-
ment in the livestock industry be expected until the "many. lagging" agricultural
artels are ',brought up to the level of the leading ones.: :On the whole, Godeyev con-
cludes, the' question of "raising t:ie number'i of cattle and its productivity" is not
being solved satisfactorily.
A short item transmitted from Kirovograd (6September) says that last year's mistakes
are now being repeated, particularly in Yelisavetgradkovskiy Rayon. In several places
the plan for the procurement of coarse, green and concentrated fodder "is not being
fulfilled .
A MOLOT editorial (3 September) speaks of the "inadmissible' situation" and "careless
attitude" of the Rostov Oblast leaders toward provi.:{ng\,'winter shelters for cattle.
It appears that the drAaded mistakes of last year areboing repeated with a vengeance:
this careless attitude "has caused a serious lose of cattle, this year." The cattle
farms of Dubovskiy, Martynovskiy, Semikarakovskiy and. a number of other rayons are
still unprepared for the winter, but the authorities do'not seem to be doing much
about it. There are not enough winter sheds to house all the stock nor sufficient
fodder to feed it in winter, the paper concludes, and the situation is simply "crying
for effective measures."
Cotton: The'','rimean cotton growers, says KRYIvISKAYA PRAVDA editorially on 19 August,
have a long',way to go before their performance on the field can be called "exemplary."
The oblast'sicotton officials appear to be chary about the mechanization of cotton
pruning, for example. Although the hay-mowing machine has recently been adopted for
that particular operation, the innovation has not met with the expected acclaim among
cotton growers. A report broadcast from Tashkent on '4 September asserts that despite
the fact that the cotton-picking -campaign is, going full tilt, "the tempo of cotton-
picking and delivery is far from corresponding to its possibilities." No further
details are 'offered.
Fishinw: Trawling and other "active" types of fishing accotmt for the relative progress
made by the Crimean fishing industry so far
,l according to a broadcast from Simferopol
n r%
Fishing with submerged seines or other stationary devices: is on the whole "progressing
number of fishing combines in the Black Sea area, Sakhalin and Primorye are still
lagging behind the plan because the introduction of mechanization'in those enter-
mentioned combines do not appear to show much enthusiasm for the advanced experience
of the fully mechanized Siberian and Ukrainian branches of this industry even though
Sowing and Plowing: A Moscow Home Service item (22 August) states that over 86 percent
that 75 percent of this has been threshed. No overall harvesting figures for the RSFSR
Having begun its grain-harvesting earlier than the others, is naturally closer to
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completing its task ahead of them. There is, of course, no letup in the relentless
agricultural propaganda in general, but a relaxation of pressure for speedy harvest-
ing and a corresponding intensification of the drive for preparations for the next
On 26 August KRYMSKAYA PRAVDA complained' that very little plowing was being done in
the oblast and that no efforts had been made to secure the necessary seeds- for
autumn sowing. Returning to the theme on 5 September, the paper admitted that the
preparations for autumn sowing are progressing in a "manifestly unsatisfactory manner"
in some rayons. In many places, like in, Lenineky Rayon forexami?le, only a small
part of the winter crop area has been plowed up, while inlothers the fields "have
not even been cleared of straw and other vegetable matter.!"i Autumn plowing in Rostov
Oblast has got off to an inauspicious start, according to,MOLOT (29 August), although
there is no valid excuse for it. Among the first oblaststo begin harvesting this
year, Rostov may end up among the last in its autumn plowing and sowing. The fallow
land earmarked for plowing has been utterly neglected, according to the editorial,
and is now covered with weeds. Such an "intolerable situation" is said to exist in
Proletarskiy, Zimovnikovskiy, Selivanovskiy, Tsymlianskiy,and other unnamed rayons.
Elsewhere the outlook is not much better. In Anastasievski'y Rayon, for example,
"not a single centner of winter wheat" has been prepared for sowing. Seed cleaning
is said to be badly organized in Migulinskiy, Alexeyevo-Lozovskiy and Kolushinskiy
Rayons.
Fallow plowing and sowing are dealt with also in two STAVRPPOLSKAYA PRAVDA editorials
(2 and 4 September), both of them expressing concern over the familiar repetition
of last year's mistakes. The two main reasons for the delay in plowing operations,
rnoording to the 2 September editorial, ',are the lack of incentive on the part of rayon
leaders, and broken tractors. Feeble leadership (slaboye,rukovodstvo) is said to be
primarily responsible for the sorry state of affairs in Novoselitakiy, Budennovskiy,
Impatovskiy, Turkmenskiy and Gofitskiy Rayons, which have',,all the necessary manpower
and equipment for a good job but are not doing it. Referring to a number of unnamed
other rayons, the paper says that "it is essential to putIall the tractors into work-
ing order." On 4 September, the same paper hints at the "most undesirable consequences"
to be expected should plowing be delayed much longer. Some agricultural leaders,
the editorial declares, "are still trying to figure out" the most favorable time
for autumn sowing without realizing that the sowing season has already begun while
they are still behind in their plowing.
MOLOT feels compelled to admit (7 September) that all its' 'revious strictures about
shortcomings in the oblaat'a plowing, and sowing have been' largely wasted on a number
of rayons: "Evidence shows ... that the leaders of rayons', machine-tractor stations
an4 kolkhozes failed to draw the necessary conclusions." Many machine-tractor stations
are still failing to adhere to the prescribed plowing quotas,; while the quality of
what little work they do is said to be "extremely unsatisfactory." Most of the
collective farms and machine-tractor stations of Azovskiy,1 'IProletarekiy, Zimovnikovski.y,
Zverevskiy and other rayons "have in fact still not begun', their fallow plowing."
Charges of indifferent leadership, idle machinery and "extremely low" fallow plowing
tempos are contained in a KIROVOGRADSKA'PRAVDA editorial of 6 September. The
agricultural situation in the oblast as~a whole is far from satisfactory, the paper
asserts, and "the prospects for next year's harvest are alarming." Three rayons,
namely Rovnyanskiy, Peschano-Brodskiy and Dolinskiy, and five machine-tractor stations
in other rayons are singled out as the most backward in the oblast. This backward-
ness, it is pointed out, is not remedied by the local Party, komsomol and agricultural
leaders who "are not even striving to eliminate the shortci mings."
UNCLASSIFIED
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INDUSTRY
Low production quality, roduction losses and inadequate technical control over
industrial output are the' chief targets of radio and press criticism. On Miner's
Day (31 August) PRAVDA departe from its customary praises reserved for such
occasions to say that the,_c'oal mining industry is still not doing its best. RADYANSKA
UKRAINA (19 August) saysithat'the fight against production wastes and rejects has
apparently not produced the desired results, and urges a more rigid control over* the
t
qualitative output of majoriridustrial plants. TheIDzerzhinsky metallurgical plan
is pointed to 'as a shocking example of poor management and waste:
... in the first 7 months of 1952 the plant over-
expended 87,000 tons of iron ore, 21,000 tons of
manganese as well as a large amount of raw and
other' materials. Its Marten and rolled-steel
departments produced thousands of tons of rejected
metal.
Ukrainian text:
za sini misyatsiv 1952 roku zavod perevy-tratyv
87,000 torn zaliznoi rudy, 21,000 tonn margantsyu i
velykuki;lkist inshykh vydiv syrovyny to materially.
Yogo martenisvki i prokatni tsekhivypustyly tysyachi
tonn I brakovannogo metalu.
Such industrial management, the paper states, is not conducive to profitable opera-
tions. It has in fact sent production costs skyrocketing, and the State.budget is
thus deprived ,of millions of rubles in revenue. Looking into the reasons for this
calamitous situation, the editorial points +n the lack of technical control as the
source of all evils. The Technical. Control Departments instituted in all the large
industrial plants have the power `o enforce the necessary production standards designed
to improve the quality of, products and reduce wastes. But how can this be done
successfully, !the paper rgues, wnen the majority of the so-called technical controllers
"do not have the necessary technical qualifications!" for the job (ne mae potribnykh
tekhnicheskyxli znan). Unfortunately, the editoriall concludes, the Dzerzhin.skiy plant
is only one among many others which seem to have forgotten all about quality produc-
tion. With the exception of the Kirov metallurgical plant of Makeyevo, however, no
other enterprise is mentioned by name.
In an answers to radio listeners' questions program broadcast on the Home Service on
2 September, Postolovskiy familiarly juxtaposes the various sweat shop methods" used
in capitalist! countries to '''squeeze" more production out of the individual worker
with the Soviet laborerslwho"are masters of the country's riches." The American
worker, he says, works hard''and economizes on raw materials under compulsion, know-
ing that the capitalist alone benefits from his efforts. Conveniently avoiding any
reference to the pressure aspect in the case of Soviet workers, Postolovskiy says that
a regime of rigid economy in industry benefits the entire country and is therFnfore
accepted by the workers.) Economy, however, there must be, and every bit of it
counts:
For instance, if our textile mills reduce
rejects by only one percent, they ,will be able
to ploduce the additional clotli required for the
plan production of 4.4 million (articles of under-
wear, 296,000. woolen suits or overcoats and
102,000 silk dresses.
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Russian text:
Naprimer, esli nashi tekstilnie fabriki snizyat
brak'tolkho na odin protsent, oni smogut vypustit
dobavochno stolko tkani, skolko trebuyetsya
dlya,lizgotovlenia sverkh plana4.4 millions par
belya, 296 tysyach sherstyannykh kostyumov ili
ij palto i 102 tysyach shelkovykh platyev.
NADNEPRYANSKA PRAVDA (5 September) says that some enterprises in Kherson Oblast
"are allowing huge production losses, and do not care for quality .... A number of
manufacturing artels and ;industrial combines, the paper complains, "show poor
interest" 11 in the qualitative and economy aspect of production, incur overhead expenses
and wastes of fuel and raw materials. Similar mismanagement is noted among the
Oblast building organizations including; the highly -publicized Kakhovka hydro-
electric power station: "Ne&rly all the building organizations of Kherson are
working at a loss'." It is claimed that the losses sustained by the Dnieper Construc-
t ions IAdministrat'ion (Dneprobud) alone are equivalent to the cost of building "a
palace oflculture,and'~32~dwellings." Previous broadcasts from Odessa (19 August)
and Kiev (30 August) listed a number of construction and other enterprises which
were still lagging behind the plan and whose work was "very unsatisfactory" but
made no relferenceito?losses.
Rostov Oblast, frequently criticized for its poor performance in agriculture, is
said to be near the bottom of the list in its industrial construction progress as
well. Building in the Oblast has been lagging so far behind, according to MOLOT
(6 September), that the Central Committee of the Communist Party had to "instruct"
the oblast Party "to liquidate the shortcomings, strengthen State discipline and
insure the fulfillment of the plan." But the Central Committee's injunction must have
fallen short of the mark! for, as the paper admits, "despite this fact, 11 out of 29
building 'organizations are still not fulfilling their plans . ... In Oktyabrsky
Rayon alone "no-t,lone building organization" is fulfilling its State quota. The
reasons:1 bad labor organization, poor utilization of machinery, no socialist
competition and "is'~low standard" of mass political work among the construction
workers.I
M ne ''s D v (31 August)occasions a considerable volume of comment on the coal mi.ninF
industry, all of it in familiar enthusiastic vein. Thus a report from Stavropol on
25 August announces that!, the average daily output, per miner of the Stavropol Coal
Trust during thelpast 7 months has been 142 percent of the norm, and that unspeci-
fied 'amounts of'=al are, being produced above plan. Deputy Coal Minister Kratenico
said ;in an inter"' lof,25 August that since the adoption of the cyclic production
method in Donbaslthelaverage daily output of coal has been increased by 43 percent
and labor productivity by 29 percent. A PRAVDA article by coal minister Zasyadko
broadcast on 31 August,' while expressing similar confidence in the industry's
present and future, appears to be cognizant of its failings. Speaking of the latest
technological achievements of Soviet engineering in coal mining, the Minister says
that
even such modern equipment as coal combines and
loading machines are still insuffici.netly utilized.
Many machines remain idle for long periods of time
due lto the failures in the work of underground
transportation, shortcomings and accidents.
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Dazhe takaya sovershennaya tekhnika, kak ugol'-
nie kombainy i pogruzochnie mashiny, ispolzueltsya
eshche nedostatochno. Mnogie mashiny dlitelnoye
vremya prostaivayut iz-za nedostatkov v rabote
podzemnogo transports i iz-za nepoladkov i avariy.
Nor is the ineplt handling of machinery, new or old, the only explanation of the short-
comings which, by the Minister's own admission, have not yet been eliminated. A
number of mines and construction projects of the mining i.ndustry,1he says, are still
employing the 1 ng condemned method of "shturmovshchina" whereby the production
target is "attafked" in force shortly before the deadline. (The word "accident"
(avaria) as it appears in the above quotation is, incidentally, mentioned for the
first time in S viet broadcasts on mining).
PRAVDA's editor al on Miner's Day (31 August) betrays a feeling of controlled
optimism. The oviet mines, and miners, the paper says in e#feet,1 are on the whole
working pretty and but we must not frown on the fact that they are not doings enouv.:h,
since some of t eir "serious shortcomings" (seryoznie nedostatki) are in the habit of
lingering on. the truth is, as the paper sees it, that "a considerable part. of the
mines and minin, sections are unable to cope with their planned assignments"
(Znachitelnaya h--tat shakht i uchastkov ne spravlyaetsya s plnnnvymi zadaniami).
In a vague allusion to what might be construed as mine accidents,lthe paper speaks
in disparaging terms of "certain mine leaders who ... are not taking the necessary
steps toward re toring order in i.ntramine transportation" (otdelnie rukovoditeli
shakht ... ne p inimayut dolzhnykh mer k uporyadocheniu del no vnutrishakhtnom Iran-
sporte). The i idustry, it is further revealed, is a little too slow in commissioning
new pits, building nesr houses and culture buildings (zdania kulturno-bytovogo
naznachenia) fo the miners,and, above all, in adopting the cyclical production
method.
T,,,ransnortatiior, A broadcast from Tbilisi on August 19 says that the work of the
Transcaucasian railroad has deteriorated to such an extent that the Central
Committee of th Georgian Communist Party held a special conference to discuss the
situation. As ;n previous occasions in this Republic, the formerileadership of
the Central Co ittee is reviled for '`its vicious methods" and undesirable heritage
in the railroad industry. The Central Committee found, however, that not much had
been done to re?tify the mistakes committed by its predecessor:
The fight against the violation of Soviet law,
has not been joined on the Transcaucasian Rail-
road, where stealing and embezzlement are fart
from being li.quidated and where no measures are
taken against passengers using the railroad
without tickets.
I
ZARYA VOSTOKA (}9 August) refers to the "bad discipline" on the railroad which
makes it possib.e for many workers to violate the rules of technilcal exploitation
"causing failur s and. damage." The paper speaks also of "bribery, embezzlement
and fraud" which are still rampant on the railroad, and the continued traveling-
without tickets Certain railroad officials, it is disclosed, arse known to
"protect these pffrnders" and the Political Departments do not seem to be aware
of the fact. The administration of the Transcaucasion Railroad, the editorial
concludes, "is requested to put its work on a fresh basis" with a view to putting
an end to the old shortcomings and tackling the large problems on hand.
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oral and written, al' cord in, to TASS to the provincial press of 29 August.
x~~ved For Release 2003/10/01 : CIA-RDP80-0
re--tf 4 September says that the Momitovo workers' settlement
A Home Se-vice
establis:,ed 5 yearsl'a`goion the Enissei river, 200 kilometers from Krasnoyarsk,
continues 'to grow nd,:!tsrailway-sleeper factory is being expanded. It' will
supply sleepers not only for Siberian railways but also for those in thei Urals
and in Central Asi
A TASS transmissior Europe (28 August) announces that excavations on' the site
of the ancient stafe1'ofjUrartu in Armenian SSR have yielded abundant proof of the
"connections between the Urartu people an,, ancient Slav tribes in North Caucasus
and the Dnieper ar a'[as far back as the 7t.h century A.C.
A decision of the USSR:. Academy of Sciences calls for the openinr of a new department
in the Institute oiliLinl-uistics designed "to raise the culture of speech" both
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