TECHNIKUM MORSKIE NAWIGACYJNE/SUMMER TRAINING CAMP AT LEBA/DAR POMORZKA TRAINING CRUISE

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Collection: 
Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 
CIA-RDP80-00809A000500430350-3
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RIPPUB
Original Classification: 
C
Document Page Count: 
9
Document Creation Date: 
December 14, 2016
Document Release Date: 
May 5, 1999
Sequence Number: 
350
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Publication Date: 
March 22, 1954
Content Type: 
REPORT
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PDF icon CIA-RDP80-00809A000500430350-3.pdf777.94 KB
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Approved For Releaa 2000/08/30 : CIA-RDP80-00 09A000500430350-3 U.S. Officials Only CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY INFORMATION REPORT SUBJECT Technikun Morekie Iswigaeyjne/Summer Training Cea!p at Leba/IaAR POMORZKA 'Prainina Cruise MIUDOCUMONT CONTAINS i1 P Tot UNITIO ITATC/. 911 MO 71A. 0/ TMI Y./. CIO 01 ATIOM OP ITS CONTONTTI IDMIIITID my LAN. Till II 25X1X 25X1X 71A IMO TMI NATIONAL OIPINIO Tog MIIMINO of TITLE II. /ICTIONI 711 I AMIM0ID. 171 TIYW11-101 00 IIVI. .ICOIPT Of AM UMAUTM01IUO PINION II 3 l k ff 1 h i h i 1 k i i .anM J'Y ns . oo t 1`Iors ie aw a o / n . -ilIA. orxna on V(-, LOYILU.A fW ne "? nr 5X1!!l Sfaosecin da;,os th Admission 25X1 X 3, (ul U.S. Officials Only ~`AIYFTT 14TTM, MAVT IV Alp I FBI This report Is for the use within the USA of the Intelligence components of the Departments or Agonclee indicated above. It a not to be transmitted overseas wlthoMt~ the concurrence of the originawng once through the Aaalatant Dlr....`.Ir of the Cf.-,,,e of Collection and Dissemination, CIA. how one deals 'with such problenla in People I o Poland. lettor.to the Ministry of Shipping, in which an a sailor for tb.'ei'Poland of workers and poananto chip between Poland j a`nd the 7JSSR, etc. Gdynia for an entriinas exaaiaation. wished to Work and to develop the friend-' 11 inatruoted to go to Marine School - Technikum Mechanicine Approved For Release 2600/08/30 : CIA-I DP80-00809A0005004303 0-3 25X1'A 25X1X 25X1X };osynierow No 83), where all candidates were! quartered. They had their meal? hi h ow serves as abase ship; the food was not tow n " KZ C)NFIDEtNTIAL/US OFtICIAZ# ONLY -2- w , on board LS B);NIO.:~ bad. They slept on mattreenes laid'on the floor. The examination was both 1'oliah and 'modern 1 1 -orv. oral and written. It comprisedmathematies, Poland' . _ ,aca.o...?.. ...... r ___ _ xaminat read a deser totior: of such an event' in a newspaper. received a good medical ccrtificrtte, and was! in. 1.0. ")very cournc Jtnd :it.r r,):n 'url.ict~r. sectiuit' . Grcat :cttcat.ion Was given LJ siirendin/; in nuJ.recilttL~n of ntusic. i.cc,turera ,utd uerformera; cr+ne from Lhc :;zczccin Ihi.lh??rmon:.rt to talk about music: and ':o give concert,. : or,ettmec the student, attended concerts In the tctwfl. There Was a school choir (Dircct)r rnu7 ? cJ.aJ.ownki). Genera..l.1y ;50vict nrd Pol.!.sh muflir wea peri'nrmcd. ?.J.. "')'here was a lot of s}'o,rts activity on the school's own ground.: basketball., netball, football, comlaetitions for a aborts badge (Pos) c'.c. 12, "The pupils also had extra work without pt>,y outside the school either in r the fort' +. of luzba Polce or of 'voluntary pledge frequent 'voluntary pledge e involved stitching sails. On :1,undnya they often were taken tto c the were ifound n th 25X1 A no Onczeein area to dig potatoes. Once in the CONF:.DFNTV%[, US OFFICIAL ; ONLY 2 XX 25X1X c "^?fter the Loaaona, nt. :uu '.i, ,.Ito hull ?? oar. hour of obti0ntory ci11onrri, and )hen the cuJ.+.urr.a or ettucrttional (ic 1, lIt ic - cccupnt.tonr, aporta ntrdlmiit`.riry training.'! 11upper - achedu].ed for 6;00 M wan often dc.u.ycd. ..t''.,er nuupcr stuns a 15-minute prec r report (:' taowkr ) ;.rcrrred by i'ourth course r;tudentn, that obligatory silc::cr_. "?t 9 1+5 fl a report on current new:, ), : repnrfpcl by cirt,s editors, W7,11; broc?dr.tst by wired radio. FinttlLy there wrts the evenirig rot.) cr1i r_nd bed. '(.'his wlred rnriie' a) o brad''^"" t -",i ' in?~' (mo;tly :soviet songs Lrancle-tr.r1 into Polish), and lectures propagatinf i the U:iSFt. reality', in ;,arti,:ul.nr t.a the :~r.st. J'he textbook o from iiucci an, treated the ;ub,jcct from t angle completely contrary) to hl l that had been r:cceT~t.ed h.therto. The pupils raged inwardly but hrtd to )darn i. t. till. now. ed;:c r_)f R:u:si ari I.i.t:erature wart propagated no' strongly thitt even in the lessons 'in t?hc+ I'r, lnh :LenCtrai{c we re X11 jbookn t.re.nal ted from the Kuasi . i. Thn great clnnsirll wri.tera of Hue wee a ob:, tgatory (rI'oJsvacntiunltorn, ettc )y, The -'old' Pol.i ch books were banned rrt sc?~r~gl Aftcr every lea a search vas made in t.hc dormitorier whicc the student, were in classes; they left the clrtnr,room:i Lheir dctikn wrrrr` ser.rchcd ii turn. h d lunch. Th.tt: was followed h, e they stood in ranks for a roll caJ., the or r o punishments. They sang the hymn of Communist Youth - 'Forward, Youth of the World' (Naprzod 141odziezy :;width). '' The bpys jested that this roll call. was a 'Morning Prayer for ::talin' and 'Hymn to dint Bierut'. Lessons eta t at 8:30 14. rash day thcroiwere six lessonst~t5 minutes each. The p gr included: Economic _eoti rr.phy rf Poland and) the world, Lemons on the Constitu- tion and modern Po.luud, aintury of1Poland and of the world, ':athematies; Physics, Chemistry, Pol.Ii;h 1, nguage, Ruse an anguage., English iwnguxpe, and professionr,J. training irtgencrr?.L knowledge; f ships, signalling, ship inatru- menta, navigation (st:art,.ng in the', second course) and other normal subjer?.ts. ",111 new r.rhool ruu,unlr rre wrf.tten to cutivate a 'critical approach to f ^alish history tr*uutlated it 1 "The school yerx bege.n 10' ;op 51, in a newt owing building at A1e3a Plastow 5 No 19, Szczecin. The right wing (when facing the school) contains the ils school Technikum 1 ks?>loatnc Jl :'eg.tugi i Yortc?w, which has about 300 p P , boys and girls. 6. "TechnikUrn 1Jawi ;rcyJne h,,.d 1:00 pupils divided into five courses. Each course had three or four c.lnsser',each composed of 24 pupils. 7. "The day started with the morning cal-1 K 6:30 A14. The pupils dressed, made V I their beds (in large dormitories holding :30) and did exercises. At ',7:15 d f the derv and reports on School Routine Approved For Release 2000/08/30 : CIA-RDP80-00809A000500430350-3 CO!PIDL/US OFFICIALS ONLY 1 -3- 25X1A to take them back cnd they had to walk all the vay to Szczecin.. On a number of occasions they! were taken to the port of Szczecin tb load and unload ships and to help in the construction or. repair of railway tracks. "on S da'? the up ys pupils could go out to town on th ir t e own, wi h a pass. One 0V the rourth course pupils stood guard at the gate; he examined the passes and b'~ten searched the pockets of"'those leaving the school. This sentry was armed with an automatic pistol. Political Activities 14. "Much time was taken by political occupations. The pupils belonged to various organizations: the Sea League, League of the Friends of the Soldier, Polish- Soviet Friendship Society and of course the IMP. There Was also a Party organization at the school. The ZMP organized political talks. Sometime&, special lecturers, arrived from the Party authorities in Szczecin or even Warsaw.. The LMP controlled the school library, 'purging' it periodically of " reactionary''1?terature. The 74's task.wfls to raise the moral and ideological standards of the pupils. 'It waged xar on all the 'reactionary vices' of youth, labelled with the new Communist slang ('Bikipiarstwo','Bazanciarstwo'. 'Buo , lrabiostwo!. 'H.abiostwo';cieane that a pupil returning to school aftel a holiday, at home, loaded with a baggage, takes a'?taxi. ?T i was considered sissy:) ZMP also fought against smoking which,waq forbidden'anyway by.thp school rules. A boy caught smoking had his hair cut in'.an'o4d,way as punishment. The ZMP'training raised denunciation to the level.of a virtue, calling it 'the need for socialists vigilance';, Every aourae elected, itt} ZW committee. In the 'first course, however, the election was 'firmly controlled.. Each class also had its own leader who must be approved by the Zt4P. 15? "One of. the 741' activists was Zdzislaw Duda (fifth course), secretary of the CP organization in schr'o1. Once he found in the possession of one of the cadets a book entitled 'Through Loye to Siberia' ('Przez Miloso Na Syberiei) 2'5X1 A in which the conditions iu Siberirlwere described in accurately dark colors. This happened in the Soon afterwards 21 cadets were expelled. The school authorities' were ruthless in dealing with attempts at opposition or 2 5X1 A resistance. Expulsions were frequent. They even nit Z* notivitiste The W leader, ~t,] Pster k. was expelled in and do rived of ~a sailing 25X1 A i?ermit . 7,'h is was during the purge among the pupils in At that timo at toast on rd of all the pupils wan expelled. 2 5X1 X 25 1X of the 120 pupils of the fourth course, as mary as 40. 16. "Despite the political prosoure and threats of expuenion, the school had nn t+.t:- mosphore of discontent which was aiwaya on the incrornso after the pupils had returned from holidays a~ home. This diccatiofaction fount outward nxpreseion. Ono ocunoion was provided tho'obIligatory military training conducted under the direction of Capt L3?n , Kropiwnicki, for pupils from the third oourao upward. The school was in the category of 'militarized establishments', which meant that its pupils were supposedlto do their military training during school (in off-duty hours), plus three months' regular training after school; they were not to be drafted in the Army on the mine footing ao ordinoxy recr?itq4. This was, never Ciatipftfi~,tort~ xj+aclained to the boys . 't'hey were not sure ~!ther`th (rl'ashv6i mi Peary txe ping would count for their obligatory aervica. The authorities, in.atead of giving n convincing explanation, tried to 2 X1A make the boys cubmi,t1by threats and puniahmonta. ','There was serious trouble in the third course in at School: delayed Meals, bad economic arrangements, etc. The boys supported him warm:y, while the politruka got angry. Paszcz 'enema of the pee lo' and no more y was dismissed as an I, production conferences were arranged. In hia place came Lfnu7Mazur, lecturer on the history of the Soviet CP. 18. "The head of the uchooi was Capt Konotanty Maciojewicz (Legiugi Wielkie:l). Navigation was taught by 'Kazimierz Korzeniowaki, who studied at a navigation i I CONF IDF IAL/U8 OFFICIALS ONLY Approved F r Release 2000/08/30 CIA-RDP80-0 809A000500430350-3 25X1A CO PIDE-Ni Tl J./US OFFICIALS ONLY 25X1A 25X1 A school in Stalingrad. A cultural officer, Capt ?ff-n2u Tatarski, come , %a id soon disappeared., He was replaced by a Party activib..,[:nu] Mikoztacki. 2 5X1 X 19. "There were some foreigners at the school. some Czechs - all rather nice beryfi. Two were called ffn 7 Pibob and Frantisek Hrushka. - Recreatiaa Young P. dinB schools, a8 the MarinelSchool in Szczecin - , ePo le in state run~ boar have their, entertaizmient planned and supervised by the school authorities and rnm th . e 21. "Marino school cadets are forbidden to frequent pubs or restaurants. On their free days they can either go to a cinema or to visit friends'in the vicinity. Ntiile et school-, they can spend their free hours in~the local club usually run by theIZMP?(Swietlica). There the entertainment must be 'edueatiorial'.? There is ?a radio there, 'operated'd'rool a relay station in the school, which usually broadcasts talks or music from Warsaw or T1bscow: The talks' are disliked -but the cadets, like to listen to the music. The club offers such games As chess ok-checkers and a Hide selection of the Polish?and!Soviet priaa i 22. From time to tirao' the 24P' covuittee at school organizes' a, dance for the' pupilb The guests from the town pay entrance fees, but for the 'pupils it is free. It is usually the practice toiinvite to this dance girlIa from one of the schools in,Szezeoin but it 13 possible also to send an individual invi'bation'to a?girl friend: *The invitation must be.obtained from the [MP'cOmattttee) who'ask the flame of the girl and details about her: :Is she working or at?school who are her parents, etc. The ZMP~comriitteh may object to c~girl not oaly.on grounds of morals but also of 'political unreliability'. Generally, the school authorities make less'fusslabout- the morals of pupila thaa?about their poli'Lical reliability. Although the State education now aspires to replace the former -influence ,of religion in the upbringing of youth in all spheres, -very little is being done to instill In the young people the principles of sexual morality. The' onS.y. lectures 1 hoard et; dehool. on this oub jec were about the prevention. of venereal diseases.. The girls come to the dance dressed an well as they can, .Ln their beat stockings, ?etc. They use little, cosmetics or perfume; .the use of lipstick and of nail polish is firmly discouraged. Only short frocks are III worn. They dance to the music of waltzes, tangoes, foxtrots; no such 'modern decadent' dencos as the samba, etc are allowed. The buffet offers beer, lemonade', and antes. There is, a tendency "to, organize as. many of there ciences as poseitile during Lent, and the attendance of all pupils is then compulsory. 23. "On principle, the muthoriticb prefer to invite the girls'', schools to such 2 5,X1 X 2 5X1 X dances: They discourage individual friendships with,-girlai in town. - Z' the 1.4- ht forbT dde d 2nA n ...;ituer, r,tevt-1 fruit. (d) Drown 1:00 till 1::00 ?M, rowing prnr.tice main. J:crwuen ;:OL' fled 9: :; 'c.ulurnl. .iccupat.iena r? ;:00 F1, suppex': buttrrtnilk or r,o+tr :.:i.tk ~'.t.l, crutltoc3, 'rinn.lly at 8:00 PM blv,:k coffee (vt;?huut: cur;nr)! tuid 1+ref?d. t 9:30 11:1 the boys wenL to bed. On '=undrtys they received' cold nup;'ex ;.nsLOad of potatccr. rand milk. 32. F'or %rr_ining purposes the ,,upila were divided into tnrce w,Lchun. :':ery d'),., one watch stayed in the camp nL.t de.y dt,: qr n::tnt.1n?rnce ;}oho: c,ler fling,, p:r'ntiuir 11o1ttn, ct(l. 33. There were frequent night alarms. The ;)upt.'c h d to borrd they bor.tr, -nd le?trn 25X.1 A 34. Lv tow and oni]. in the dnr;:ne3a, The head of the' c'mp in =wire Jnn ac?;(nctk2, decent fellow. G ru C'ltX Approved For Release 2000/08/30 : CIA-RDP80-00809AO00500430350-3 COfi'IDENTIAL/US OFFICIALS ONLY 25X1 A -7- 25X1 X he was not on officer of any kind, but an engineer skilled in mathe- matics, electronics and radio. There' were three instructors including ffn 7 Plusho, a former student of the Marine School and now a lieutenant in the 25X1 merchant marine and a signals expert; Fn 7 Polak; the name of the third instructor. Li 35. "There was no official politruk. All political activities', were run by the G students themselves. The purpoae of the camp was to teach' the pupils roving and sailing. The pressure of political indoctrination was considerably released during their stay at Leba. Of course there was an obligatory reading ofnewspapera every day, during the hours destined for 'cultural occupations', but meetings were held rarely. Each watch had one meeting a week on the average. The main topics were matters connected with training and results. Each watch had its own committee. The leader was. Tadeusz Maslek 25X1 (a!spiendid person). The treasurer was TanasisMickas, aiGreek and a decent boy. The secretary was Marian Rapicki. 36. "Cultural and political activities were the responsibilit of the 7MP organiza- tion in the camp. Th' bead of thip organization was ffn Mate a of mountaineer origin. The agitation-propaganda section was headed by gag Hiidettrans . In the cultural aecti.,n was a certain Ireneusi Fedorcz generally disliked because of his political eagerness and the suspicion that he was an informer. Previously at school one of the pupils, fln 7 Ziel 4 had confessed to Fedorczyk that his brother lived in Sweden.. Soon erxard Zieleneki was expelled. After a few weeks in the camp, the head of-the ZMP organization for the whole Marine School ~nJ Paterek, together with another member of the committee fln7Ziolkowski, made a visit to 'inspect camp conditions. A meeting of all pupils was called. Y.aterek',and'Ziolkowski criticized everybody and everything. The ZMP chief in the camp, ffn7 Mateja was also criticized. Being an ambitious boy he took it much to heart. Wit another boy, he ran away from the camp a few days later and reached Gdynia. He'was expelled from school as punishment. 37. "There was some sports in the camp besides training. The ,boys organized their own football team which appeared several times in local games. 38. "At that time, the girl students of the pedagogical college from Zabrze, and also girls from some other school, were spending summer vacations in Leba. C'. 'Cultural ties' were established between the camp's ZMP and the girls' sections of the Society for Polish-Soviet Friendship. The girls were invited to the camp for an `Ognisko' and the boys to the girls' holiday home. On these occasions the entertainment consisted of songs (especially Soviet aongs) and recitation of propaganda poems -- no dancing. 39. "At one point that summer the brys elected a delegate to the Congress of Youth Leaders ~Zlot Mlodych Przodownikow) in Warsaw. II ho. "The relations between the boys fromlthe camp and the local people were good. Sometimes the boys went to work for a few hours at the cod-smoking plant, to earn a little extra money for cigaretteu. This could be arranged if one belonged to the watch which was on duty in the camp, although it needed a little 'organizing'. hl. "The WOP was the local bogey; WOP. soldiers watched everybody and everything. They had '.heir barracks somewhere beyond the town; they patrolled the stretch of the shore,'especially the wood along it, and had a chain of watch points scattered on the beach. Once four boys from the camp wandered into the forbidden stretch of the wood. They were caught by a WOPp%trol and kept for 2h hours. They had an unpleasant time because the WOP wanted them to confess that they intended to steal a boat and escape to Sweden. h2. "The punishments in the camp were not very severe: a reprimand, a 'BW' (Be'z Wyjacia) le 'no town leave, extra tasks. There was no 'Karcer' (detention cell). 5X1 X h3. neighborhood quite a number of Polish marines; a lar a unit of marines is stationed somewhere onithe shores of Lake Serbskie. 25X CORFmEftFlUL/US CFFICI..LS ONLY X 1X ~L. Approved Fo 5X1A 5X1A Release 200,0/08/30 : CI RDP80-00809A000500430350-3 CONFIPRNTIf.L/ S OFFICI S ONLY 25X1 -8- two Soviet sailors from the Baltic Fleet in Leba. 44. In Leba there are some boarding ho.ls owned by the Workers' Holiday Fund, Also, at that time the team of Polis sportsmen training for the Olympic Games in Helsinki was at Leba. 45. "Work was being done to deepen the Lee a Canal. DAR FOMORSK Training schooner 47. (%eglugi Male j) Who, had 48. "The equipment of the DAR POMORZA has'remr.ined 'practically unchanged sirco before~World War II. The ship still as auxiliary Diesel motors, modernized since the war. She makes several tra ping tripe every year, mostly on the Beltin1; once a year she sails to other sees. 49. "Our gloup boarded theohip ISchool authorities had certain diffi- ,Unt iIlnishcri Marina .3chool. The fourth. "I14R POMORSKA, the training vessel of the Marine School, carries a, crew of 140, including 110 cadets, mainly fr the second and third course, a few from Officer of lot Watch - Anu Joozczuk Officer of 2nd Watch - fnu Kwiatkowski Officer of 3rd Watch - fnu Konieez .o "The master InMENIIIIIIN - flnu] Jurkiewicz (Knpitan Zoglugi Wielkie3) lot Officer - Jerzy 1 owicz Political Education Officer- Michal;Kocon flireoi or of Training (Kierownik Kauk)I - fnu Tvtor (Wyohowawaua) - /inu C. zar,ki Boatsw ain of lot Watch - fl nu .~ ubek Boatsw ain .of. 2nd Watch - fnu 11.0 rcr, kk Boatsw ain of 3rd Watch - 7 zisluw Choau+ Mechap ioe - nu7 oz - lfnal lemiec - one other Also on board wore several officers o~ the lower grade cultism in setting up the crow, sins many boys, especially from tk.w third request of higher e.vtho'ritioe, a seco 4 screening Mai done at the school. a largo group of third couroo ce.dets was brought by train ,;o Odynial. Sevan cadets from Morakie Te hnik-.jm Meehaniczne in Gdynia were also taken on board. (a) "Intenle marine-navigation training went on during the voyage to the Mediterranean, although the order of he day was different at sea from in port. "'When the schogner lay in a herb r, the day started at 6:30 AM. The cadets dressed, rolled up their aunnockc, cleaned the sleeping quarters. Then folloved a? review in front 'adders), washing: also done 'n the afternoons. f the tutor, PT exercise (climbing cad, 'nutter or lard. 8:00 AM - roll call, general', maintenance and trainingr, navigation instruments, furling iai.la, climbing the masts, equipping the boats with food and radio apparaus. The second course had special instruction in technical marine `ravings and in setting sails.- Naviga- tinn instruction was conducted by!Pikon. This profeasioual training was (b) "At 7:30 AM breakfast: coffee, b singing of 'Forward Youth of the occupations: painting, polishin 25X1 A (e) ''In the morning hours under Politruk Kncon. he tollcwing subjects of- political ]Pikon Ii C0NF1L'FNTIAL/ i OFFICIALS ONLY political propaganda lessons often took'place,- 25X1A 25X1A Approved For Release 2000/08/30 : CIA-RDP80-00809A00050043b350-3 C FID1UTI?I,/l c: OI'fICI':L: ',OI 25X1A -9- lectures: Third annivezwary of the Korean War. How should the law on the protection of state property be explained? Victory of the Ua.SR over Hitlerism. (Here the cadets were told 'ten canons' which had ensured the victory of the USSIi. They included the solidarity of the world of labor, the effort of all Soviet nationalities and the liquidation of the fifth column in the Ws R. Life of `.4talin Nicholas Copernicus - as a scientist who had 'rebelled against the'stiff restrictions Imposed upon soience,by the Church. The 'imperialist cemp' - and the consequence6 xhiah an escapee to the West must expect. "^.11 the time, whether at soft or in port, all cadets had. t0 attend lectures on political economics, on the state e.n 'i ; problem. (d) "Noon - lunch: . . Roup, meat and potntces, ? two boars rest sad then more professional training. (e) "5:00 PM - supper: potatoes or n1-cr,roni, bnvon or meat. After supper, culturrl occupations: Soviet films (eg 'Zolnierz Zwyciestwa'), singing of Huanian songs in Polish trnnslrttion. At 8:00 PM - a second, light supper of bread, sausage or lard or had cheese, sometimes join, and tem. The.culture..1 oacupations were grganized by the 7MP which had a separate section for eech watch, or by the t;rirnnry Pru?ty Organization on board. (The secretary was the ship's storekeeper.) "At 9:00 PM - evening roll call, instructions, for the next day, 'Forward Youth of the World' . :,t 9:30 PM, - bed. Before the boys vent to! sleep, they heard regularly the news on the rRdio (the 'Glos Marynarza' edition from Gdynia). They u6urslly also heard radio news during breakfast. Apart from that, they were completely cut off While an board from all reports from the outside world. They heard nothing about such events as the Berlin rioLn or Juzvinoki's escape. 51. "The service van done in three watches, each on duty for 24 hours. On Saturday and on ;undcty, two watches could go ashore. Before they left Poland,, the boys had been instructed to get all sortn'of propaganda leaflets and books for their Il~ourney. , 52. "While the ship van at sea, the watches on duty were changed every four hours. When on duty, the watch did all the maintenance work on the ship, taking care of the masts, helm and stern. The second watch had ideological training. The third watch received instruction on instruments and navigation. The cadets of older courses h'ad lectures and practical exercises in navigation. They also trere attdchod to the officers on duty for instruction. 53. "The younger courses were instructed in the use of navigation instruments: Compasses - there are three on the schooner, the main one on the bridge, the second in the steering cabin, the third above the kitchen. Gyro-compasses - one by the main compass on the bridge, the other inlthe steering cabin, the third in the in igation cabin. Mechanical sounding rods on a line rutd an acoustic echo instrument. Mechanical speedometer and a pressure meter (inventor - the Soviet /f-nu7 Tchenikiyev) - in the. navigation cRbinu. The crtdeto of the third and fourth course operated Lhe sextants. 54. "Aluo during the trip there were exercises in navigation, in the identification of coasts, in the use of life-saving equipment. This consisted of four row boats for 30 persons each and two motor boats for' 36 each. 55- "The Marine School also gives navigation training' on two yachts, each around 30 meters long: 'Jack Kranicki' and the former German '7.cv Morza'. Both these yachts make regular trips between Szczecin, Ustka, Kolobrzeg, Darlowo and Gdynia." COIYI'xDF.N'rr L/uf; "; ?T) CI!'.I 3 ONLY 55M