(SANITIZED)1. DOCUMENTS ON THE SOURCE OF ARAB-ISRAELI TENSIONS; 2. UNCLASSIFIED SOVIET ARTICLE TITLED "ON THE LUMINESCENT CHAMBER"(SANITIZED)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000100140064-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 36
• Document Creation Date: December 23, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 20, 2014
• Sequence Number: 64
• Publication Date: September 21, 1956
• Content Type: REPORT

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PLUNDER
IN THE
HOLY LAND
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PLUNDER
IN THE
HOLY LAND
BY HENRY CATTAN
We lost everything. � say Palestine refugees--"and
time will not bring acceptance of Israel's gun-point
ehzevery � Hew a Pale vontan legal authorit t, tells Jelly.
THE problem presented by the seizure by Israel
of the properties of Arab refugees is intimately con-
nected w ith the problem of Palestine as a whole It
cannot, therefore, be well visualized without a brief
reference to the historical and political background
of the Palestine problem.
At the end of the first World War, the number
of Jets in Palestine did not exceed 50,000 as com-
pared with over 650,000 Arabs The Arabs had inhabit-
ed Palestine for more than thirteen centuries. Great
Britain, appointed in 1922 by the League of Nations as
Mandatory Government over Palestine, then began to
facilitate the immigration of Jews into that country.
Such immigration took place against the wishes
of the Arabs, the lawful and original inhabitants of
the land, w ith the result that in 1947 the number of
Jewish inhabitants, swelled by the waves of immigrants.
reached 750,000. The Arab population, on the other
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hand, by natural increase over a period of thirty years.
had almost doubled in number.
in 1947, as a result of political maneuvers and
machinations too long to detail here, the United Na-
tions recommended the partition of Palestine among
its original inhabitants and the new immigrants. allo-
cating to the Jews on arbitrary grounds areas amount-
ing to 40% of the general area of Palestine, notwith-
standing the fact that the Jews then owned less than
7% of the total area of the country
The figures as to the respective ownership of
land by Arabs and Jews in Palestine is well estab-
lished by Land Registry records and official statistics
published by the Palestine Government before the end
of the mandate. According to official records, the Jews
owned in the whole of Palestine in 1948 one million
and a half dunums* of land out of a total area of 25
million dunums. The proportion of Jewish-owned pro-
perty is, therefore, less than of the area of Palestine
The Arabs, on the other hand. who (Ix. ned and
possessed 93% of the area of Palestine were allotted
the remaining regions�mostly arid�amounting to 60-.
of the area of the country.
On May 15, 1948, the British Mandate over Pales-
tine ended in conditions of chaos and confusion The
Arabs opposed the partition of their country and the
creation of an Israel Stat c carved from their an-
cestral land. A conflict ensued In this conflict, how-
ever, the arms of the Arabs were only right and ius-
� 1 dunum -- 1000 square meters
4,05 dunums=-7 1 acre
11111161111
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tice. the arms of the Israelis were bombs, machine-
guns, and terrorism If comparisons of the degrees of
:�avagery may be made, the Deir Yasin massacre of
Arab men, women and children far exceeded, in horror
and brutality, the outrages at Lidice and Ouradour
during the last World War. Israeli terrorism suc-
ceeded. Sonic 900,000 Arabs had to abandon their
homes, their lands and now live as refugees in camps
or caves.
The Israeli success over the unorganized Arab
nhabitants of Palestine achieved by a horrible ter-
rorism wa, condemned by the late Count Bernadotte,
United Nations Mediator ( himself assassinated by
Israelis in Jerusalem in September 1948 ). It is now
heartlessly described by the Israelis as "winning the
uar over the Arabs !"
The Arab withdrawal enabled the Israelis to seize
70;. of the area of Palestine�that is, almost double
the area allotted to them by the United Nations. We
now have, therefore, this unnatural and illogicel situa-
tion of the Israelis owning less than 7% of Palestine
but occupying and claiming retention of 70% of the
total area. They now occupy whole Arab cities, tens
of thousands of Arab homes and thousands of Arab
villages with their lands and groves.
The majority of the Israeli population today lives
in Arab houses. Over 90% of the Israel cultivation
live on Arab-owned land Arab citrus and olive groves
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which were taken over by the Israeli government
account for he largest percentage of the government's
income from foreign exports.
Let us overlook for a minute the basic injustice
arising from the' U.N. decision on partition Let us
focus our attention on the areas. cities and villages
allocated to the Arabs by the decision of the United
Nations but seized and occupied by the Israelis in 1948
beyond the limits and boundaries assigned to them
Here, we observe two basic facts of major importance.
These two facts are not sufficiently known or appre-
ciated. If they were, they would guide those concerned
towards redress of a gross injustice and a substantial
solution of the tragic plight of Arab refugees.
The first fact that must be considered is the
ownership of such areas occupied by Israel beyond the
limits and boundaries assigned to them. The follow-
ing table gives this information:
Area. Arabs Jews State or Other
Western Galilee 87% 10"..
Jerusalem Area 99% 1%
Ramleh and Lydda
Areas 77% 14%
Hebron Area 96% 3's'o
The figures just quoted are taken from Appendix 5
to the Report of the Second Committee on Palestine
submitted to the General Assembly in 1947 (Document
A/AC-14-32 of 11 November 1947) and are based on
<
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official figures and records of ownership of land.
The second fact concerns the number of Arabs
dispossessed and displaced by the Jewish occupation
of those areas. The number of people who have become
refugees as a result of the seizure by the Jews of
Western Galilee, the Jerusalem area, the Ramleh, Lydda
and Hebron areas, including the cities of Jaffa and
Acre, exceeds half a million people.
It can, therefore,be easily seen that if the United
Nations insisted at least on evacuation by Israel of
the areas that it seized beyond the boundaries assigned
to it lw the United Nations, more than half of the
present umber of Arab refugees would be able to
return to their lands and their homes.
It is distressing that neither the United Nations
nor the Great Powers � whose interests are related to
stability in the Middle East� have made it their policy
that Israel should evacuate the areas it has seized in
Palestine in violation of the resolutions of the United
Nations. It is a recognized principle of international law
developed after World War I not to recognize title
by conquest. It has even been specifically stated in 1948
by the Chief Delegate of the United States to the
United Nations that his country will not recognize
the title of Israel to lands occupied by it beyond the
area allotted by the United Nations.
The value of principles, however, depend upon
their enforcement. The principle of non-recognition
of conquest or seizure was enforced in Korea and
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other places � but it has remained a dead letter in
Palestine.
The value of Arab properties now seized by the
Israelis is tremendous. Although no proper estimate
has ever been ',made of such properties yet the figure
runs between 15 and 16 billion dollars.
In 1950 the UN Conciliation Commission foi Pa-
lestine set up i Committee of Experts to evaluate Arab
properties in Israel. This Committee, disregarding mar-
ket prices and established values, proceeded to evaluate
Arab agricultural lands and urban properties on the
basis of their notional tax value as it stood in the tax
books as of the Year 1947. Instead of attempting to
ascertain what the value was, it attempted to lay down
what the value should be naturally, in favor of Israel.
By this arbitrary method, the Committee arrived
at the ridiculous figure of 100 million sterling, a sum
which represents about 2 V ',of the real market value
of Arab properties in Israel. The figure suggested by
this Committee is equivalent to confiscation rather
than compensation.
When one recalls that the Jews had before the
end of the Mandate, spent several times that amount
in order to acquire less than 7% of the land of Palestine,
one clearly realizes. that the figure suggested is quite
unreasonable as being the value of the remainder of
the area, with the addition of a few Arab cities like
Jerusalem, Jaffa, Haifa, Lydda. Ramleh, and Safad.
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and a few thousand villages and thousands of orange.
olive and fruit groves. It goes without saying that this
incongruous evaluation was rejected by the Arabs.
At present, many persons, unaware or uncon-
scious of the magnitude of Arab assets in Palestine,
talk of compensation. Even if the principle of compen-
sation %%ere to be acceptable to Arab refugees�a fact
�� inch thc Arabs do not concede because the Arabs
prefer to recover their homes and lands rather than
be compensated� therefore the compensation if it is
to be adequate and commensurate with the value of
-.Lich properties is clearly beyond the financial means
.4 Israel
In any event, the question of compensation in
respect of Arab properties cannot be considered in re-
lation to Arab properties in Jerusalem (which is sub-
ject to internationalization ) or to areas of Palestine
occupied by Israel beyond the boundaries of the UN
resolution on partition Any discussion as to compen-
sation in such areas is an indirect attempt to attribute
to Israel title to territories held by it in contravention
of, and in contemptuous defiance to resolutions of this
international assembly. The question ot compensation
should, theretore, be so circumscribed.
Moreover. compensation .in only be discussed
.% hen the Arab refugees are allowed to exercise the
right, recognized in principle by the UN but denied
in practice by Israel, of returning to their homes. Only
in the case of such refugees as decline to exercise the
m011amismeinaimemm
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right to return would the question of compensation
arise.
One solution that has never been explored would
be the possibility of making exchanges between Arab
properties in Israel as circumscribed by UN boundaries
and Jewish properties in the Arab countries. But all
this is entirely dependent and contingent upon Israel's
preparedness to submit to resolutions of the UN of
which there has been as yet no sign. Otherwise, any
talk of compensation is futile and sterile.
Arab properties are at present vested in the Israeli
Custodian of Absentee Properties. Absentee means Pa-
lestinian Arabs and includes subjects or residents of
Lebanon, Egypt, Syna, Saudi Arabia, Jordan. Iraq or
Yemen. The Custodian leases and administers Arab
properties, he may even, in certain cases, sell or trans-
fer the right of ownership thereto. The produce of
vested properties is itself vested in the Custodian. Such
produce is charged with taxes, rates, administration
expenses and repairs.
Such is the picture in relation to real property.
The question of movables is somewhat different. It is
well known that by reason of the sudden aggravation
of events in 1948, most of the refugees left their homes,
shops and businesses without being able to take any
of their effects or belOngings with them. Some 200.000
Arab homes were looted by Israel and Israelis. Some
of those homes were rich, full of silver, carpets and
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furs; many were modest, many more were poor.
The fact, however, remains that an organized and
general pillage of. Arab homes occurred which left no
traces of the effects and belongings of over 900,000
Arabs. The same story may be told'of the contents of
thousands of Arab stores, shops and offices. Some
goods were seized by the Israeli authorities but the
larger part was allowed to be pillaged.
The United Nations, by its misguided decision
to partition Palestine, is largely responsible for the
present political mess in the Middle East and the
tragic problem of refugees. What has it done to remedy
the situation? True, as principal cdntributor to
UNRWA*, it is providing Arab refugees the barest
means of existence at a rate of less than $2 a month
per head. That, however, is equivalent to feeding a
patient who is still on the operating table merely to
keep him alive The wounds are not sutured, the
poison is still circulating in the body, the surgeon is
distracted and talks to his assistants about other
irrelevant matters, such as river diversion and water
distribution which, when overheard by the patient in
his moments of consciousness, merely worsen his phy-
sical and moral condition.
The General Assembly of the United Nations,
on December 11, 1948, passed a resolution recom-
mending the folk ming measures:
(1) that refugees be permitted to return to their
� llitered Nations Relief and Works Agency.
NINNINNI
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homeland:
(2) that compensation be paid in respect of the prop-
erties of those that do not wish to return ,
(3) that compensation be paid in respect of damages
and losses relating to property which is recover-
able in accordance with principles of international
law, equity and justice from the governments or
authorities concerned
What has happened since the date of that resolu-
tion? Nothing! Not one refugee was permitted to re-
turn and not one piastre was paid as compensation
Israel is not disposed to permit Arab refugees to return
to their homes or to pay them compensation.
The United Nations also passed another resolution
It recommended in 1949 in its Paris session
that the Conciliation Commission should take all con-
servatory measures for the protection and preservation
of the rights, interests and properties of Arab refugees
What has been done in this respect I Nothing!
Israel has, hov, ever, been doing a lot.lt has de-
stroyed some two hundred villages ( including their
churches and mosques) and wiped them completely
from the surface of the earth (see the nhmes of those
villages listed in a Christian-Arab church magazine
Al-Rabita, Nov 1953 published in Israel by the Cath-
olic Melktte Patriarchate). It has uprooted thousands
of acres of Arab orange groves.
It is actively and gradually conhscating Arab prop-
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erties. This is how it is done. In March 1953, Israel
passed the Land Acquisition Law. Under this law,
power is given to expropriate Arab properties and reg-
ister them in the name of the Israeli authorities. A
nominal amount as compensation is evaluated in favor
of the owner and then such arriounr is vested in the
Custodian. This method of acquisition of the properties
of Arab reftigees is made to look, in appearance, like
a legal expropriation, but in fact and in substance. it
is a blatant confiscation. Arab properties are thus
gradually passing into Israeli ownership without the
UN lifting a finger or raising its voice
The Arabs do not recognize Israel. Nor do they
recognize anything done by it. whether it take the
form of expropriation or confiscation Israel is literally
settled in another man's home it has bolted the door
and fixed guns at all windows fearing the return of
the owner and his family. This large scale robbery of
the homeland of a million Arab refugees will never be
accepted. Such an Injustice cannot go unrequited.
The treatment of the Palestine question by the
United Nations has shown basic ignorance of the facts
and complete indifference to consequences. The parti-
tion resolution was itself the most serious blunder. It
has created the present explosive instability in the
Middle East And all subsequent resolutions of this in-
ternational assembly have evidenced a total non-compre-
hension of the facts and premises of the Palestine
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problem and the principles to be followed in its solu-
tion.
The attitude of Arab refugees is principally and
basically an ardent desire and inflexible determination
to return to their homes and their lands. This desire is
natural. It does no good to compare them with other
refugee groups. The tragedy that has befallen the Arab
refugees has no parallel in modern history. The Ger-
mans and Italians lost the war, but they still live in
their homes and have their country. The Arab refugees
have not fought or lost any war but have lost their
homes and their country. It is, therefore, obvious that
the solution of the Palestine problem cannot be finan-
cial, but must be territorial. Compensation for proper-
ties can only be incidental to a solution. not the solu-
tion.
The question of Arab properties is one that carries
serious consequences for the social, political and eco-
nomic situation of the Middle East, It is, however, one
face only of the problem. It cannot be solved without.
or separated from, the main political problem of Pales-
tine, in fact, it is an inseparable part of it. Such prob-
lem remains the most explosive in the Middle East to-
day. It will remain so until it recei%,,s a solution based
on elementary principles of Justice and equity.
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THE INDUSTRIAL ISLAMIC ORPHANAGE PRESS, JERUSALEM
- modismommiNENEMSE
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ORLD
THE PA ENCE
OF AWE" ARAB
THE ARAB is a patient person. In the face
of hardship and misfortune he shows a spirit of endu-
rance rarely found in others. Like the camel, he
keeps his suffering to himself. He knows how to
appreciate a good turn. But like other human beings,
he remembers an injustice imposed upon him.
back rides.
.the Arab is like the sturdy etimel on whose
He can bear burdens, resist hunger,
thirst, ill-treatment and adversity, but also like other
human beings, his capacity to suffer has limits.
The camel, when tortured beyond endurance,
will at last become furious. The Arab is capable of
similar responses.
Coming to actual facts, the Arab knows he has
been robbed, cheated and betrayed. He was induced
to join the first world war, siding with the Allies,
who promised him independence, liberty and freedom
from the Turks. There was a revolt in the desert.
Arabs are human beings, and as such cannot
forget that all pledges were violated. And, adding
insult to injury, their Allies in the war actually joined
the international Zionist conspiracy to expel tens of
thousands of Arabs from their homes in Palestine�
at the same time giving approval to the broader Jewish
plan of bringing the Middle East from the Nile to
the Euphrates under the control of the invader.
Who would expect the Arab to forget that awful
day, May 14, 1948, when England cancelled the
Mandate over Palestine and left the native population
at the mercy of the invading hordes? This was the
equivalent to opening flood gates, permitting the blood
of my people to flow in torrents.
Jews declared the formation of the State of Israel
in a land where Arabs had been living continuously
for 1,400 years. Terror clutched the hearts of millions
in this part of the world when they were told that
President Truman granted official recognition to the
new gangster government, the same day.
Who would expect the Arab to forget that when
fighting with his back to the wall, having at least a
ray of hope of ousting the invader, usurper, murderer
and assassin, the United Nations stepped in with threats
of sanctions and desetbyed any possibility of Justice.
Israel consolidated her gains, received hundreds
of millions of dollars from the countries of the west
and built a military machine surpassing the strength
and striking power of all the nations of the Middle
East combined. During these years the Arab has gone to
TRUTH
ANTOINE P. ALBINA
JERUSALEM - JORDAN
sleep every night with the feeling of a knife at his throat.
Notwithstanding all this and the sufferings he went
through, the Arab, like his camel, has been patient.
He saw his country delivered to the enemy. He
witnessed the looting of his home, the massacre of
those most dear to his heart.
He stood by helpless, when his wife, mother
and daughter were raped, tortured and murdered by
Israel's gangster soldiers brought in from the slums
and ghettos of cities of the West. He observed the
desecration of his sanctuaries and placesf
o. worship,
both Christian and Moslem. He suffered the humiliation
of being, at gun point, thrown out of his country and
expelled from his place of birth, to make room for
a criminal invader.
When leaders of the Israeli gang gave the signal
to attack us in our homes, we saw those whom we
cherished and loved, fall under our eyes from assault,
torture, murder and crime. Mute silence greeted the
Arab when he uttured his cry of alarm. He wondered
what had happened to the conscience of the wnr1d1
He felt the sharp blow of the dagger in his
back, that ran through and pierced his heart, leaving
the deadly wound of A MILLION OF HIS COUNT-
RYMEN labeled "refugees" rendered homeless � lea-
ving behind everything they possessed, their homes
ransacked, their villages in ruins, their towns invaded,
their farms and fields and orchards ravaged, their
buildings blown up or burned, left to wander mise-
rably without hope, living under the burning sun in
summer, soacked to the bone by rains, freezing and
dying in the winter.
One million human beings, creatures of flesh
and blood, scattered and poor, languishing in the
so-called -refugee camps- of the Middle East,
disease and hunger biting into their flesh � right
now, as I write these words.
Surely when righteous-minded people realize what
has happened, and is now happening, they will be
moved to prayer for these sad and dispossessed people.
They too, are human beings.
The Arab has set before the world, since
1948, an exaniple of patience and dignity. He
remained patient for years, suffering inwardly to
himself like the camel. But now he is furious.
He has watched Israeli gangsters disregard
all rules of humanity and apply the "law 'of the
jungle", mutilating the bodies of innocent Arab
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P. 0. Box 44 JERUSALEM - JORDAN
captives falling into their hands, irrespective of age
and sex "men, women and children, young and
old alike." The Arab, on the other hand, refused
to lower himself to such sadistic practices. "I his
fact is admitted in United Nations reports and
other sources.
To give an illustration: On April 2, 1951 two Arabs, Issa Mohamed Salem Abu Asbeh and Hassan
Mohamad Ahmed el Janazreh trespassed into Israeli occupied territory near Halhoul village in the Hebron
district. They were arrested, tortured to death, their bodies cut with knives resembling a pin cushion, their
sex organs mutilated. See the photographs below.
On the same date, April 2, 1951 the Arabs
arrested three Jews who had trespassed into Arab
territory, near Wadi Fukin in the Hebron district.
Their names were Benjamin Cohen, Yitzhak Cohen
and Ben Zion Givoni. They were taken into safe
custody, interrogated and four days later returned
Iv the Arabs who handed them over to Israeli
officers in the presence of a United Nations
representative. See photograph
It is is eight full years now that the Arab has
demonstrated amazing patience, in spite of all that
has befallen him. It is eight full years that he has
suffered hell on earth, enduring mental, moral,
spiritual and physical torture. It is eight full years
that he has heard talk about "justice and human
rights" by the big powers, only to see his rights
crushed underfoot.
But there is a limit to everything and an end
has come to the patience of the Arab. He no longer
expects relief from the outside. Promises made him
have been broken all along the line. He stands
today disillusioned, knowing that Zionists are operating
against him inside the governments he would like
to trust.
Therefore the Arab has found it. necessary to
become self-reliant, In seeking a solution to the
problems heaped upon him by power politics and
world Jewry. He has decided to go his own way,
accepting effective help wherever he can get it, but
keeping an independent will to act for his own best
interest. � Who can blame a man for trying to protect
his horns against a thief and a murderer?
As a patriot who lovas his Country, I will say
that violent thrusts being taken against Arabs in the
press of the West is not helping to better the situation. �
We fel/ Ur understand why international Zionists
should be allowed to malign and misrepresent us in
this manner, thereby contributing to existing tensions.
The Arab wants to live in peace and did so for cen-
turies before Zionist gangsters came in to make trouble.
Arabs are now organized, standing as a unit,
demanding their legal, moral and natural rights.
The million dispossessed "refugees" have a right
to their possessions. The Palestine question must
be settled in a just and equitable way, the only
one being the implementation of the United Nations
resolutions and the return of the "refugees" to
their homes.
The Arab is no beggar. He wants no charity.
He desires only justice. He feels that his patience
will be eventually rewarded. He believes in God
and the ultimate triumph of Truth, Honesty and
Moral Principle. APRIL 1956
milummilimmemmummommEmessimiimmimisummcimmiiiimit
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On the night of 14/15 October I 953, in the small village of ICibya, 20 miles north-west of
Jerusalem, the peaceful Arab villagers on the boundary line between Jordan and Israel, separated by less
than two miles from the border, had gone to bed. Suddenly the whole village became the target of artillery
and automatic fire and a few hundred Israeli soldiers swept across the border and went into the village with
rifles and Sten guns. They entered into tie houses and shot at sight everyone they could find: men, women,
children. They mined and blew up the houses over the head of the occupants. . . The cries of the dying
were mingled with the noise of explosions and gun fire. Within a few hours the village was turned into ruins
with human souls buried under the debris. The dead counted 67, mostly women and children. The houses
destroyed totalled 42, a mosque and school. By dawn the Jews withdrew proud of their criminal achievement.
One family alone lost eleven persons and another ten. The body of a young girl was found in a
praying posture . . her hands streched up towards heaven. A woman covering with her body three small
children was lying face to the ground, her body riddled with bullets. Another, had her hands over her face
as if not to see the atrocities committed around her. The villagers who were saved were those who had
rushed out in the open fields and nearby olive groves. An old man was seen next morning furiously digging
in the debris, terror in his eyes . . suddenly he looked towards heaven and shouted "I have no one left, why
didn't you leave me one person !� then he laughed hysterically. He had lost everyone in his family and lost
his mind too.
Are the Jews alone responsible for this criminal, barbarous and treacherous attack?
We put this question to the Big powers behind Israel, the Great Powers who have created Israel
and without whom Israel could not and cannot exist.. to the Powers without whose help and
backing there would be no bloodshed in the Holy Land and no loss of innocent life and
property in the Land of Peace.
J.e.i�A ,,
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Scene of the village houses destroyed after the Jewish
criminal attaelt.
Bodies of two innocent victims recovered from the ruins.
October 1053
Photos Zaarour
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. , . t44.' " �
-......:�. . .. � :..e..it .. k.1 :in
4.. r � . �i ''' � Al
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,
Some of those criminally and feloniously
butchered by the Jews at Kibya village.
The United States of America should stop the flow of
millions of dollars to Israel, which is burdening the shoulders
of American tax payers, only to serve as encouragement
to more zionist crime and aggression and a stiff persistence
not to comply with UN resolutions.
The United Nations have to regain lost prestige due to
failure to honor their own resolutions and implement their
decisions.
Arab refugees have to go back and take possession of
their homes and properties which is the only effective
political solution to the Palestine question.
The Palestine Arabs, the rightful owners of the
Country want no favors and no charity.., what they
want is JUSTICE and FAIR PLAY.
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,
i
,
Why not call him
anti �- senlite?
Dr. Elmer Berger is the Director of the American
Council for Judaism in the United States. - He undertook lately
a tour in the Middle East, sponsored by the American Friends of the
Middle East.
Accompanied by his wife, he visited Iraq, Egypt, Lebanon, Syria and
Jordan, to see things for himself.
After five days passed in Jordan, from May 21 to May 26, 1955, where he
was allowed free access to every place he wanted to visit and every site he wanted
to see, Dr. Berger and his wife crossed over to Israel, from where they left for Rome
on May 30, 1955.
A letter written by Mrs. Berger on their arrival in Rome, to friends in Arab
Jerusalem is reproduced on the opposite page. The letter needs no comment as it
speaks for itself.
Written by a Jewess and the wife of the Director of the American
Council for Judaism, we believe, the letter has its value.
V reproduce it for those who want to know the TRUTH, for those who
have eyes to see . . and ears to hear .. But for those who are blinded and
misled by false propaganda and for those who are unwilling to open their eyes and
see for themselves, we leave it to diem to remain in the darkness until they find
it is late to react and free themselves from ties to which they are entangled.
June 1955
WORLD - TRUTH
BOX 44 - JERUSALEM - JORDAN
i
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Rome� May 31, 1955
De a,r,. . .
I will say most hearfelt thanks for everything first, because if I should start describing
our 4 1/2 days (which seemed like 4 1/2 years) in Israel. I will never get finished till we get
back to the USA and never have paper loft to tell you how much both of us enjoyed being
with you and appreciated your chasing about with us and giving us so rry...ch of your time and
hospitality to say nothing of the wonderful food
Well, as for Israel � The biggest mistake the Arab States make is not to pay the expenses
of any tourist that wants to go. Of course we were especially treated to all possible annoyances
and bad behavior but even without that absolutely the only thing I found to recommend it was
an exceptionally nice taxi driver we had. There is just nothing in Israel that the Arab States
have not got better New Jerusalem is drab and dull compared to the Old City Beirut is a gem
on the sea. Tel Aviv is just cheap and tawdy. All the new buildings can't hold a candle to
Damascus. To say we were not impressed is putting it mildly, 300.000 people live in Kibbutz.
some of them are nice if you like Communism If they leave the Kibbutz, they leave with the
clothes they are wearing. The transition camps where people often live for years, are no better
than the refugee camps and if the people won't move to the Negev. they are stuck in them
and get no government help.
As for us - at the border the man stamped a visa in one of our passports the minute
we weren't looking. He also apparently phoned straight to the police that we had arrived as ten
minutes after we were in our hotel, someone from the government arrived and wanted to know
where we were going to sightsee. Elmer told him in plain language that he wanted to see and
talk to people and named names. This man said 0 K he would try The next day he called to
say sorry none of these people were available and there we got put on a merry-go-round of
the most exhausting, boring, stupid sightseeing you can imagine. - But for a formal call on Eytan. (*)
we saw no one and we were told the Arab Judge in Nazareth was too busy We were followed
everywhere The Globe guy reported every move, so did the hotel people Elmer didn t eat a
bite for the whole time and never slept. In the end he was much more nervous than I was. Just by
accident the driver of the car, Globe Tourist Agency got for us. was a very decent fellow and
I recommend him highly to anyone you know who may have the bad luck to have to "pass
over Do not. I repeat. do not let anyone have anything to do with Globe Agency They are
crooks and liars. particularly Mr. Mendelsohn. He told us our Air France reservations were 0 K
and took our tickets to get them put in order. For 3 days he refused to give them back The
day before we left, he said Air France had no space and he would try to get us on Sabena for
Athens. We went to Tel Aviv and spent the whole day sitting in all the air lines. They were all
stopped by Israelis. all had been tipped off and called us by name and no one had seats Finally
Globe gave us our tickets, said they were O.K. so Elmer paid him. Our driver suggested we
check Air France and they told us the Globe people had crossed out the words Requested and
lured us into security. They had no space and we sat in the airport and were finally thrown on
the plane 10 minutes before it took off and after paying off everyone in sight. I think the only
reason we got on, is because Elmer sent our taxi driver around to tell one and all that if we
didn't get on the plane, our next stop would be the Embassy We had avoided this, not wanting
to involve them in all this mess.
This is about the story. It was the most miserable and boring few days to say nothing
of a constant feeling of uneasiness and have to take all this gaff because we were afraid if we
didn't this whole thing might turn from just heckling to something really serious.
I think the Israeli Government acted with the most extreme of stupidity. If they were
going to let us in, they could have put us in a most embarrassing position by being extremely
nice to us. This would have made it much more difficult to be critical. This way, we are free
of any obligation to hospitality � which we did not get. Of course as everywhere, the little
people who bring you coffee and carry your bags are nice (most of them were probably Arabs
anyway). This letter isn't confidential anyway � make any use of it you like.
(0) Walter Eytan is the Director General of the Israel Ministry of the Exterior.
ELMER and RUTH
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ea and
ass on!
AN ARAB "REFUGEE"
WRITES TO THE U. N.
P. 0. Box 44
JERUSALEM � JORDAN
24th January 1956
MR. DAG HAMMARSKJOLD
SECRETARY GENERAL OF THE U. N.
Sir,
Though I am addressing you in my name, I do
not doubt a moment that I am expressing the views
and belief of Arabs in general and of every Palestinian
Arab in particular, Moslem and Christian alike.
I belong to no party and owe allegiance to no
one except to my Country and people.� I will not
use preambles and avant propos and will go straight
to the point, in short clear submissions and plain words.
No peace Mr. Secretary General, can be antici-
pated in this part of the world, as there can be no
peace in the Middle East as long as Justice does not
prevail and as long as Might persists to be Right.
The Palestine Arabs ask no favors and want
no charity. No amount of dollars and no schemes
can make them forget their homeland and desist from
their natural, just and legal right to their possessions
and the enjoyment of their private property, as words
of sympathy lead us nowhere.
What we want is that the United Nations should
implement their own resolutions and honor their own
pledges.� We want men of good will to right the
wrong done the Arabs; we want our appeals for Justice
not to fall on deaf ears.� What we ask is that the
United Nations should refrain from backing criminals
to secure their theft of Palestine as it must be re-
membered that Israel exists only by virtue of power
politics and continues to exist only because it is able
to manipulate the machinery of the United Nations.
It is Israel who pleads for 'peace; it is Israel who
has the greatest desire for peace. Yes, it is Israel
who wants protection for territory they have stolen
and approval of crimes committed against Arabs. It
is Israel ,aho wants protection of looted property and
ravaged land of Palestine.-- It is the robber, the mur-
derer, who wants to sit down with the victim and settle
things amicably, by keeping the loot and enjoying
what is not his.
Do you really, Mr. Secretary General,
expect the Arabs to fall into this trap and enter
into a pact with the thief, the robber and the
murderer, surrendering their rights and their
property?
Will you, and will Members of the United Nations
for once visualize a group of gangsters, thieves and
assassins invading your own homes, farms, offices,
shops, taking away all your belongings, looting, des-
troying, murdering those most dear to you, then
settling down in your place as if it has always been
their own. Then imagine someone in authority stating
that the thieves and the murderers have come to stay
and that you are prevented to make any effort or
take steps to recover your own things and throw out
the criminal intruder from your own house.
How would you feel about it
Mr. Secretary General?
Zionist aggression and many atrocities have driven
one million Arabs from their homes and fields. 'ley
have taken refuge wherever they could, where very
little is to be had.
,
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How would you feel when you see the criminal
aggressor enjoying your own home, looking at you from
your own window, relaxing in the shade of your garden.
gathering the fruit of your trees, sitting behind your
desk, sleeping in your bed ? How would you feel when
you find him to be in possession of sentimental relics
and most dear things to your heart while you are left
in the open deprived of everything, living on charity
and probably starving? How would you feel when after
being robbed from everything, the thief shouts loud to
all who want to hear him "Let's shake hands and keep
the peace and forget all about it, now that I have all
that is yours" ?
These are questions we 'want you to discuss
with your own conscience and to answer to your
own self.
This hypothetical suggestion Mr. Secretary
General, clearly states the case of the Palestine Arab,
now labelled 'Refugee', dispossessed of his home, his
land and everything he possessed.
The Western Powers who have created the l>raelt
State at the expense of innocent Arab victims, seem
to believe that one million or two of these Zionist
gangsters gathered from various parts of the globe,
allied to every underground center, and polluted with
destructive doctrines, they seem to believe that these
gangsters planted in Palestine are a great safeguard
than the legal and rightful Arab owners of the Country
and adjoining Arab States. Therefore the Arabs who
were faithful allies and the most staunch supporters
of the West and would have remained so, were anta-
gonized, cheated and betrayed as if the Western Powers
have forgotten that the friendship of both the Arab
and Islamic World are of first importance to them and
essential to world stability.
Therefore we earnestly ask the United
Nations not to lure themselves in vain hopes.
We will not sell our Country for any amount
of Dollars or other aids and it should be rea-
lized that real peace in the Middle East cannot
be achieved until there is a Just and Equitable
solution of the Palestine Question, until the
Palestine Arabs are given the Rights that are
most certainly theirs... their Country, their
Properties, their Homes.
I am Sir,
Truly Yours
Antoine F. Albina
Palestine Arab Refugee.
-hlabesch�' The Commercial Press � Jerusalem
American money and Jewish power is responsible
for the desperation of thousands of Arabs (Christians
and Moslems) in the desert today. � The more the
Israelis destroy, the more aid they ask for.
THEY WAIT
The Damascus wind blew raw and chill
By the wall where they let Paul down.
And huddled together in Bedouin tents.
In scanty clothing and underfed,
Dying by scores in each refugee camp.
Expelled from their homes through no fault of their own.
Deprived of property, possessions, and work.
Our Arab brothers, who look to us still.
Are waiting for someone to understand
Their awful plight; and without pretence
To lift their burden, be friends instead
Of turning our backs, forgetting their dead -
Forgetting they have neither money nor tools.
And hope is gone, and Communists lurk.
The truth, 0 Lord, let the real facts be known
American Christians the time is at hand.
The Damascus wind blow raw and chill
By the wall where they let Paul down.
And camps like this fill the Holy Land.
Will Christ's followers let them down?
Mrs. Olive Merle Frank
, � , , . .
. ,
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tk.{ .�
Front the USSR Academy et Science
ON THE LUMINESCENT CHAMBER
Translabed by
J. Fetkovich and R. Siegel
1111111�1111111111M111111i1
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ON THE LUMINESCENT CHAMBER
Assoc. Members of Acad. Sei of the U. S. S. R.,
E. K. Zavoisky, M. M. Butslov, A. G. Plakhov, G. E. Smolkin
In this paper we give more detailed description of the fundamental elements of
the luminescent chamber and its development since the time of the first publication,1
and also present new experimental facts.
One of the fundamental elements of the chamber (Fig. 1) is the
electron - optical converter (EOC), which consists in principle of cascaded
electron optical light amplifiers. Following indications and using a principle
described in comparatively old literature, the EOC was nevertheless experimentally
realized only recently by M. M. Butslov. The multistage ROC constructed
by him had a gain 113 and resolution of 10-2 cm, guaranteeing photographic
registration of electrons emitted from the initial photocathode.
The arrangement of the EOC is shown in Figure 1. The convertor
Is constructed of several intensifying stages, joined to each other in optical
contact by means of thin transparent films. On one side of the film is deposited
the fluorescent screen 1, on the other photocathode 2. Focusing on the electron
Image in the cascaded states is provided by the uniform magnetic field of a solenoid53.
In the ',Ulla chamber focusing is electrostatic. Photocathode 2 along with
'The EOC described in (3) had only one cascade stage, and the amplification
did not exceed 100.
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diaphragm 4 at appropriate electric potential form an electrostatic lens.
Electrode 5 is used for more accurate focusing of the electron image on screen 1.
In the region between the diaphragm and the screen are placed two
pairs of deflection risites 6 for developing high frequencies. Plates 7 and
diaphragm 8 form an electronically pulsed shutter. In the drawing is shown the
circuit of the high frequency generator with resonant circuit for the plates 6,
with the impulse generator circuit for the shutter indicated by Tri/t -1.
Our non -inductive Impulse system is preferable to similar arrangements
with magnetic deflection systems (4), since it allows the possibility of refining the
time resolution for individual frames to 104 sec. , continuous high-frequency
grating being possible with resolution of 3 x 10-12 sec. (5).
In Fig. 1 is also sketched the high voltage supply. The static nature
of the supply for all of the cascaded sections permits the use of very high voltages.
In recording tracks of cosmic ray or other transient phenomena, use of a pulsed
voltage supply to the intensifier stages will reduce background. It was for this
purpose that the electronic shutter described above was inserted in the ROC. In
operation, however, we more often use the pulsed high voltage supply to cut off the
electric field.* The duration T at the pulse for selecting events depends on the
decay time of the fluorescent screen. Obviously, the speed of photography is only
limited by the luminescence of the screen, but the apparatus has not yet permitted
this speed to be utilized.
* In the sketch, this is specified as block -114 -2.
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For the registration of the tracks of relativistic particles and other
weak light signals it is impossible to neglect the natural background noise of the
ROC, even with a pulsed output stage. For redwing this noise, a pulsed output
can be applied to the electronic shutter 7 - 8 at the input stage from pulse
generator T74 -1. The length of the input pulse el) depends only on the transit
time of the electrons between the electrode ( 5 x Iry sec), and on the length
of the signal itself. For example, in the work with CsI (T1), "? is about 3 x 104
sec. Thus the noise of the photocathode is entirely su.pressed. Note that
the other stages of the ZOC can also be pulsed.
The gating pulsed are obtained with the aid of an arrangement
composed of photoraultiplier � )1/ , discriminator 44 , and coincidence
dircuit CC, which hem a resolving time of 4 x Ira sec. Mu a picture has
been taken, a pulse generator advances the film.
Work with the Ituninescent chamber depends to an important degree
on such properties of the crystal as light output, transparency to its own
radiation and also on the correspondence between the output spectrum of the
crystal and the spectral sensitivity of the photocathode. Unfortunately, our
crystals of Nal (TA Cot (Ti), anthracene and other materials showed no
difference in pulse height. Nevertheless, experiment showed tint even with
these crystals the light putput aloes the tracks was sufficient to allow registration
of nearly minimum ionization particles.
This may also be shown by an elementary calculation. In fact,
� ,
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a relativistic singly chargal particle loses in a crystal of Cal (T1), for example,
5 May of energy per cm of path. The number of photons emitted by this section
of track into a solid angle 4i will be:
3 � L' \
-
Where is the atergy required to make on quantum of light in Cal (Ti), which
Is about 35 ev (6). The number of quanta incident on the photocathode of the LOC
Is determined by the angle subtended by the olVective and is given by;
v_ (�
\L)(\
Where B and IC are relative aperture and magnification of the objective; g � ratio
of the corresponding solid angles in the crystal and in air, 'Which can be with
aufficieet accuracy set equal to , where n 1.79, the index of refraction
of CsL For example, with B � V-4_, , and IC 1, we obtain S �i 170 photons/cm.
The emission spectrum cif Ci! (Ti) is almost totally included in the
spectral sensitivity of the cesium-antimony photocathode. Assuming a quantum
yield of the photocathode 6 � 104 (7), we obtain for the number of electrons
emittal,from a one centimeter length of track imaged on the photocathode m � 17.
Since the resolutiou of the converter is d � 104 cm, it is easy to see that the
track image will consist oi distinct points. Each point arises from one electron
at the input of the SOC. The distance between these points is:
Translator's note: In our usage, 13 � 1/2 would be f/2.
MINI
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\ 4 "
v_ \32. y 6
The useful thickness of the crystal is determined by the depth of
focus of the objective and can be calculated from the formula:
a NI T2..
�.3
One can set up similar relations giving the dependence of the size of the intervals
between spots on the ionizing power of the particle. These relations along with
the relations for the energy loss in the crystal can easily be used for identifying
particles from their tracks. In the cue of highly ionizing particles, forming
an unbroken track* one substitutes for the gap length 1 the light Intensity along
the track in the negative. Calculationg cry ;Ts gave range-energy curves and
curves for the yield of emitted light which are presented in Figure 2 and Figur* 3.
The calculations were carried out using well-known formulas for ionization loss.
At low energies whore the velocity of the particle becomes comparable to the
velocity of the atomic K-electrons we have used older data on the loss in silver (8)
and experimental data on the atomic stopping powern of the elements On.
*Note that the tracks do not necessarily appear continuous at 1 d, or even for
1 < d. It is only for 1 �