LETTER TO THE HONORABLE HARLAN CLEVELAND FROM STANSFIELD TURNER

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00473A000800010019-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 13
• Document Creation Date: December 12, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 5, 2001
• Sequence Number: 19
• Publication Date: May 19, 1977
• Content Type: LETTER

The Director
Central Intelligence Agency
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19 May 1977
Dear Harlan:
We are grateful to you for your thoughtful
discussion, as CIA Guest Speaker on 10 May,
of The Ethics of Public Service in Foreign
Affairs." It was a carefully considered
presentation, based on the experiences of a
remarkable career, and gave us an excellent
perspective for our efforts to explore ethical.
issues facing intelligence. We appreciated
especially your suggested criteria for
examining problems of secrecy and your graphic
reminders of the need for a sense of personal
responsibility toward all of our official
actions.
Yours was the broadest airing yet of this
subject within the Intelligence Community. I
personally look forward to a constructive result
and thank you for your forthright remarks to us.
STANSFIELD TURNER
The Honorable Harlan Cleveland
Director, Program in International Affairs
The Aspen Institute for Humanistic Studies
Princeton, New jersey uo u
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Honorable Harlan Cleveland, Director, Program in International
Affairs, The Aspen Institute for Humanistic Studies,
Princeton, New Jersey 08540
ORIGINA
DATE : 13 MAY 1977
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SUGGESTED INTRODUCTION OF AMBASSADOR HARLAN CLEVELAND
Good afternoon. As Director of Central Intelligence, I
want to welcome you to this CIA Guest Speaker Program. I
especially want to welcome those of you who come from other
agencies of the Intelligence Community. We are always
pleased to have you participate in this program.
Today we have invited a distinguished citizen to
discuss with us a matter of great importance to each of us
and to this Agency and Community as well. Each of us faces
daily the question of applying ethical values to his work
and to his daily life, but we tend to treat this as a private
matter. Recent events have led those of us who are concerned
with the management of intelligence to ask whether we should,
as a group, give more public and concerted attention to this
question--to air the criteria-that should govern our actions.,
exchange views about them, and try to establish some guiding
principles for the long term. The Office of Training has
already organized a number of seminars to consider how we
may establish, in this Agency, a climate that will encourage
challenging the propriety of our activities and policies if
they need challenging and to open up adequate channels for
dissent from within.
Our CIA Guest Speaker today is well equipped to help us
in the effort to establish ethical standards for our work.
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He has directed large governmental enterprises; he has
served as an Ambassador; he has been Dean of a famous school
concerned with public service; and he has been President of-
a University that has prepared many of its students for
foreign affairs. He knows well the problems of managers
dealing with complex organizations, and he has tried to look
at these problems with an overriding concern for ethical
standards.
I am happy to welcome to this platform The Honorable
Harlan Cleveland who will discuss "The Ethics of Public
Service in Foreign Affairs." A fellow Rhodes scholar,
Ambassador Cleveland in his twenties directed a $650,000,000
program of the United Nations Reconstruction and Rehabilitation
Administration in post-World War II China. He managed the
fourth and final year of the Marshall Plan in Europe. After
a number of years in the post-war period as Editor and
Publisher of the Reporter magazine, he became Dean of Syracuse
University's Maxwell Graduate School of Citizenship and
Public Affairs. There he undertook a major project on the
education and training of Americans for service abroad and
was principal author of a book entitled The Overseas Americans.
President Kennedy appointed him Assistant Secretary of State
for International Organization Affairs, where he was intimately
involved in the development of United Nations peacekeeping
arrangements; and he served President Johnson as Ambassador
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to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). A striking
fact about his career is that, at the conclusion of each
major phase of his life, he wrote a book to record or reflect
upon his experiences. Two of these, written in 1962, with
Harold Lasswell, were Ethics' 'and Bigness and The Ethic -of Power.
Ambassador Cleveland was President of the University of
Hawaii from 1969-1974. He joined the Aspen Institute for
Humanistic Studies in the latter year and is now with that
Institute as Director of its Program in International Affairs.
Ambassador Cleveland, we welcome you to CIA, and we
look forward to your contributions to our thinking about
questions of ethics as they apply to the intelligence business
and to the individual engaged in public service in foreign
affairs.
Ambassador Cleveland has kindly agreed to answer questions
at the conclusion of his remarks.
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 Cleveland
Program in tnternat\ I Affairs Princeton, N ow Jersey 08540
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THE PROGRAM DIRECTOR
HAR.LAN CLEVELAND, whose appointment as Director of the Aspen
Program in International Affairs was effective on September 1st,
3.974, has woven together multiple careers as public executive,
diplomat, educator and author on public administration and U.S.
foreign policy.
Born in New York City in 1918, and schooled partly in Europe,
Mr. Cleveland graduated as an honor student from Princeton University
in 19-38 and attended Oxford University as a Rhodes Scholar. His
graduate work there was interrupted by the Second World War and
he migrated to New Deal Washington, starting as an intern in the
office of Senator Robert M. LaFol'lette, Jr., training in the U.S.
Department of Agriculture, and rising rapidly in the wartime economic
agencies until he was assigned in 1944, at age 26, to manage the
economic programs of the Allied Control Commission in Italy. Remaining
in Rome after the. War with the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation
Administration, he Was transferred to Shanghai in 1947, still. in his,
twenties, to be Director of UNRRr1's $650,000,000 China Program, super-
vising a staff of 4,000 scattered all over China in the taidst of a
civil war. "That's the way to learn about public administration in a
hurry," he once remarked.
Returning to Washington, Mr. Cleveland became Director of the
U.S. China Aid Program in 1948, and was thereafter assigned by Paul G.
Hoffman, then Administrator of the Economic Cooperation Administration,
to build new economic aid programs in six other East Asian countries.
It was during this period that he first used in a speech title the
phrase "Revolution of Rising Expectations" which is attributed?to him
in Bartlett's Familiar Quotations. By 1952 he was back in Atlantic
politics, managing the fourth and final year of the Marshall Plan as
Assistant Director for Europe in the U.S. Mutual Security Agency.
In 1953, Harlan Cleveland. left Washington for New York, to become
Executive Editor-, and later also Publisher, of The Reporter, a fort-
nightly "magazine of facts and ideas" which built'. its circulation from
55,000 to 170,000 during his time. In 1956 he was chosen to succeed
Paul Appleby as Dean of Syracuse University's Maxwell Graduate School
of Citizenship and Public Affairs. At Syracuse he undertook a major
Carnegie-sponsored project on the education and training of Americans
for service abroad, and was principal author of the landmark book,
The Overseas Americans (1960). lie was active in the Conference on
Science, Philosophy and Religion, and co-edited with Harold Lasswell
of Yale University two books, Ethics and Bigness and The Ethic of
Power (both 1.962).
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2
Mr. Cleveland had meanwhile been active in New York State politics,
attended the 1960 Democratic Convention in Los Anf;el.es as a delegate,
and served as Chairman of Citizens for Kennedy for the Central New York
area. In early 1961 President John F. -Kennedy brought him back to
Washington as Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization
Affairs.
In this position for nearly five years, Mr. Cleveland worked closely
with Adlai Stevenson, then U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations; parti-
cipated as an adviser to Secretary of State Dean Rusk and Presidents
Kennedy and Johnson in every peace-and-security crisis during 1.961-65,
helped invent and bring into being U.N. peacekeeping arrangements in
Africa, Southeast Asia, the Middle East and the Caribbean, and played a.role
in the development of such global technological institutions as the World
Food Program and the World I-leather Watch. In 1965, he served as Chairman
of the Cabinet Committee on International Cooperation Year.- These
experiences led to his book about new forms of international cooperation,
The Obligations of Power (1966). -
In 1965, President Lyndon Johnson assigned Mr. Cleveland to Paris
as U.S. Ambassador to NATO and American representative on the North
Atlantic Council, the political board of directors of the Alliance.
Describing this assignment as the best in the Federal service -- "I'm
3,000 miles from the White House and 10,000 miles from Vietnam" --
Ambassador Cleveland was a leader in converting the Alliance from a
primarily military organization to an active Western caucus on how to make
peace with the Soviet Union. lie also led the allies into important
innovations such as the launching of a NATO communications satellite for
quick political consultation and military command and control. From this
exposure to operational diplomacy he once again derived a book NATO: The Transatlantic Bargain (1970), a general theory of international
consultation using NATO's "self-renewal" as a case study.
As President of the University of Hawaii from 1969 to 1974, harlan
Cleveland managed a state-wide system of public higher education which
during his last semester served 51,400 students on nine campuses; one out
of every sixteen persons in the State of Hawaii was thus a university
student. Under his leadership -a new School of Law was, planned, authorized
and began its first class; and Hawaii's two-year. School of Medicine was
raised to a full four-year M.D. program. President Cleveland focussed
special attention and resources on the development of strong community
colleges and on ocean-related programs, astronomy and high-energy physics,
East-West cultural interchange, Pacific and Asian studies and Oriental
languages; one-third of the nation's credit-hours in Oriental languages
are taught at the University of Hawaii. -
Mr. Cleveland's continuing professional. fascination with administrative
complexity Jas reflected in a 1972 book The Future Executive, which is still
widely used in business and publ.:lc-service executive training programs.
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Since 1974 llarlan Cleveland has directed the Aspen Institute Program
in International Affairs, one of seven "thought-leading-to-action programs
of the Aspen Institute for Humanistic Studies. Ito has fccussed the efforts
of that program on analysis of three critical problems confronting the world
today -- the global fairness revolution, the control of nuclear weapons and
the capacity of Americans to adapt their institutions to the demands of an
interdependent world. The Program has'thosted a number of workshops bringing
together many of the best minds in these fields, providing a forum for
creative thinking and integrative writing. Under ::r. Cleveland's ?guidance,
landmark studies on the new international economic order -- "The Planetary
Bargain" and an analytical study of "Human Requirements" by John and Magda
Mcllale.-- a series on Coping with Interdependence and several papers on arms
control have been published by the Institute.
During 1975 and 1976 he has continued to interlace service in the
private and public sectors with his role as author. He authored one of the
early studies on the energy issue (World Energy and U.S Leadership,
published by the Atlantic Council in January 1975); helped in the formation
of private organizations,including Global Perspectives in Education, Inc.,
and the foreign-policy citizens' lobby New Directions; chaired a Committee
of titre National Academy of. Sciences on Remote Sensing for Development (its
report will be released in "larch 1977); directed a study on the Future of the
Peace Corps for the government volunteer agency ACTION, and maintained a
lively interest in European affairs and world security, as Chairman of the
Atlantic Council's Security Working Group which published "Detente: The
Continuation of Tension by Other Means" and "What is the Soviet Navy Up To?"
in 1976. In October 1975 he returned to China after 27 years, as a member
of the World Affairs delegation. His log of that trip appeared in 1976 as
China Diary.
Harlan Cleveland also worked during 1976 with the Bicentennial Era
Program of the World Affairs Council of Philadelphia, helping organize
a series of national citizen assemblies to consider "A Declaration of
INTERdependence" and writing a book, The Third Try at World Order: U.S.
Policy for, an Interdependent World, published in February 1977.
Mr. Cleveland was married in 1941 to Lois Burton of Salem, Oregon. They
have three children, Carol Zoe (Mrs. Robert F. Palmer), Anne Moore
(Mrs. Jan H. Kali.cki), and Alan Thorburn. Ile has been awarded 16 honorary _
degrees, Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson Award, and the U.S.-Medal
of Freedom.
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 DCI Introduction of Ambassador Harlan Cleveland, CIA Guest Speaker
FROM- Director of Training
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COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom
to whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.)
CIA Guest Speaker Program -
Ambassador Harlan.:. Cleveland. -
Tuesday, 10 May 1977.
1. As requested, we have asked
Ambassador Cleveland to be here
to meet with the DCI. at 1445.
I plan to escort him to theDCI's
office.
2. Attached is a suggested
introduction of Ambassador
Cleveland for the DCI's use.
A copy of the biography Ambassador
Cleveland supplied the Agency
is also attached.
3. I will escort the DCI. and.
Ambassador Cleveland to.the
Auditorium.
4. The lecture begins at 1500
and will last through the question,
period, until about 1625.
Ambassador Cleveland will be
informed of the cut-off time.
5. We plan to videotape
Ambassador Cleveland for use in
our training courses and have
his approval. This will involve
videotaping the DCI's introduction.
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FORM Use PREVIOUS ~j CONFIDENTIAL INTERNAL ^ UNCLASSIFIED
- 610 EPfTIOriS U SECRET' USE ONLY
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27 APR 1977
MEMORANDUM FOR : Director of Central Intelligence
PROM: John F. Blake
Deputy Director for Administration
SUBJECT: Introduction of The Honorable Harlan.
Cleveland - CIA Guest Speaker on
10 May 1977
1. Action requested: It is requested that you
introduce s west pecker, Ambassador Harlan Cleveland,
on 10 May 1977, at 3 p.m. in the Headquarters Auditorium.
2. Background: The CIA Guest Speaker on Tuesday,
10 May i977, wi.. `h Ambassador Harlan Cleveland, Director
of the Program in International Affairs of the Aspen Institute,
who will speak on "The Ethics of Public Service in Foreign
Affairs.", Mr. Cleveland was Q.I.S. Ambassador to NATO under
President Johnson and President of the University of Hawaii
from 1969-1974. He is also a former Dean of Syracuse
University's Maxwell Graduate School of Citizenship and
Public Affairs. He has written and lectured on the subject
of ethics. A biography of Ambassador Cleveland and a copy
our invitation to him are attached.
3 RecommendatiO It is recommended that you
. introduce ?assago-i at the CIA Guest Speaker
Program. Your association with this first major presentation
to a CIA and Intelligence Community audience on the subject
of ethics in public affairs will indicate; your interest in
the question and help encourage our efforts to stimulate
discussion within the Agency concerning it.
/~110~ ~ fi[ake
John E. Blake
Attachments:
1. - T>iography of Ambassador Cleveland
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USE ONLY
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 SENDER WILL CHECK CL~ ASSIFI 11TION TOP AND BOTTOM
ACTION
APPROVAL
if he agrees. At least a new release could be
issued, or we might publish a pamphlet with his
remarks and questions and answers.
to additional ways to publicize Cleveland's remar
community, that I suggest consideration be given
standards and public. perception of the intelligenc
Affairs." Blake is asking you to introduce him.
This topic appears to be so in keeping with what
I understand to be your efforts to improve the
on the CIA Guest Scpeaker program 10 May to
speak on "Ethics of Public Service in Foreign
Remarks:
Ambassador Harlan Cleveland is going to appear
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