(SANITIZED)JOURNAL OF THE D.P.R.K. ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES--ON THE KYUNGRAK SYSTEM(SANITIZED)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00247A002200090001-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 64
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 19, 2014
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: July 17, 1964
• Content Type: REPORT

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/02/19: CIA-RDP80-00247A002200090001-6
R
50X1 -HUM
Next 2 Page(s) In Document Denied
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/02/19: CIA-RDP80-00247A002200090001-6
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/02/19:
CIA-RDP80-00247A002200090001-6
)1J44e1 civ .4.444 ?I V- 41-ffri
STAT
JOURNAL OF THE D.P.R.K. ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
ON THE KYUNGRAK SYSTEM
Report delivered by Prof. Kim Bong Han
at a scientific symposium in Pyongyang,
November 30, 1963
1963 N . 5
MEDICAL SCIENCE PRESS
Pyongyang, Korea
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/02/19:
CIA-RDP80-00247A002200090001-6 "- - -
STAT
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/02/19:
CIA-RDP80-00247A002200090001-6
It
JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
OF THE DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF KOREA
ON THE KYUNGRAK SYSTEM
Report delivered by Prof. Kim Bong Han
at a scientific symposium in Pyongyang,
November 30, 1963
1 9 6 3 No. 5
MEDICAL SCIENCE PRESS
Pyongyang, Korea
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/02/19:
CIA-RDP80-00247A002200090001-6
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/02/19:
CIA-RDP80-00247A002200090001-6
Editor's Note
In modern biology the problem of the unity of the organism
and the environment, problem of the regulating mechanism
which ensures a complete co-ordination of the function and activ-
ity of each component of the organism, and problem of the bio-
chemical basis of the activity of living substance, constitute the
most fundamental problems.
Biologists and medical scientists of the world have set up
a number of well-substantiated theories and attained valuable
achievements in the course of their research into these problems.
But the modern biology and medical science still have many
problems to solve?the function and role of nucleic acids in
metabolism, the essence of hereditary phenomena, the growth
and development of such diseases as tumor and their cure, etc.
This is connected with the fact that the modern biological
theories still fail to give a full elucidation to the mechanism that
ensures the unity of the activities of the organism.
Such limitations of the existing theories have long since
placed it on the order of the day for biology and medical science
to probe further into the secrets of the living substance, to find
out a new course of development for themselves.
The Korean biologists and medical scientists found a clue to
the solution of this problem in Kyungrak, which makes up the
core of Dongeuihak, the traditional Korean medicine, one of the
brilliant scientific heritages handed down by their ancestors.
Professor Kim Bong Han and his associates discovered the
substance of Kyungrak, a new anatomico-histological system in
the living body. It is an integrated system entirely different either
from the nervous system or blood and lymphatic vessels. The
results of their research were made public in August 1961, which
created a sensation in the world of biology and medicine as the
discovery of another secret of the living body.
Since then their research work made further progress, blaz-
ing the trail along an untrodden track to divulge the secrets of
the organism.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/02/19:
CIA-RDP80-00247A002200090001-6 ,
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/02/19:
CIA-RDP80-00247A002200090001-6
The Kyungrak research collective clarified the histological
microscopic composition of a structure (Bonghan corpuscle)
found in the Kyunghyul position and a tubular structure (Bong-
han duct) which connects the Bonghan corpuscles; they also
disclosed their distribution and discovered new facts.
The Bonghan corpuscles, according to the results of their
researches, have their own specific histological structure, and
are distributed not only in the superficial layer of the skin but
in the profund subcutaneous tissues, in the blood and lymphatic
vessels and around the internal organs as well.
Bonghan ducts which link the Bonghan corpuscles are dis-
tributed round the artery, vein and lymphatic vessel, and even
within them in an isolated manner, as well as in the superficial
layer of the body.
The collective of Kyungrak researchers confirmed, through
bioelectrical experiments, that the Kyungrak system has specific
bioelectrical features. It was also proved that the Bonghan cor-
puscle is an excitable tissue which reacts differently to various
external and internal stimuli and is correlated with certain in-
ternal organs.
The researchers delved into the chemical composition of the
substance of the Bonghan duct (Bonghan liquor) by biochemical
and histo-chemical methods, and established the fact that there
was liquor circulating along a definite course in the Bonghan
duct, a liquor containing nucleic acids, especially a large amount
of desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
This has made it necessary to reconsider the accepted con-
ception that DNA exists only in the nucleus and that ribonucleic
acid only in the nucleus and cytoplasm.
Today the substance of Kyungrak in all its aspects has been
brought to light as a system covering the whole body, regulating
and coordinating the biological processes that lie at the bottom
of the vital activity.
This is indeed an epoch-making discovery and a big step
forward in the development of biology and medical science. It
is a product of bold scientific research free from existing formulas
and theories, a fruit of enormous scientific stamina coupled with
a high level of technique, and an embodiment of correct methods
of analysis and synthesis applied from the viewpoint of unity
between forms and functions.
In the long years of research work by Professor Kim Bong
Han and his associates, there cropped up many difficulties and
II
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/02/19:
CIA-RDP80-00247A002200090001-6
?
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/02/19:
CIA-RDP80-00247A002200090001-6
they had to grapple with countless complex problems. But they
never yielded.
Comrade Kim II Sung and the Central Committee of the
Workers' Party of Korea always showed deep concern for their
research work, inspiring them with courage all the time. This
enabled them boldly to explore an untrodden path of scientific
investigation and bear the brilliant fruits of today.
With the great achievements of the research in the Kyungrak
system, it has now become necessary to re-examine the prevailing
theories that give one-sided explanation to the fundamental
problems of the phenomena of life including the regulating me-
chanism of the living body, not knowing that the Kyungrak
system is an objective being.
The new achievements have opened up broad prospects of
solution of such fundamental problems arising in modern biology
and medical science as differentiation of the cells, metabolism,
heredity, the reactivity of the organism, growth and development
of diseases, etc., thus paving the ?way for the solution of prob-
lems of better health and longer life of man.
This great discovery by the scientists of our country signifies
a revolutionary event ushering in a new stage in the develop-
ment of modern biology and medical science. We are convinced
that the discovery will go down in history as a monument of
science.
December 10, 1963
III
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/02/19:
CIA-RDP80-00247A002200090001-6
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/02/19:
CIA-RDP80-00247A002200090001-6
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ? 1
Part I
MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE KYUNGRAK SYSTEM . 2
Chapter I. MORPHOLOGY OF THE BONGHAN CORPUSCLE 2
1. ANATOMICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE BONGHAN CORPUS-
CLE2
. . . ..... . . . .
A. Anatomical Observations on the Superficial Bonghan Corpuscle 3
B. Anatomical Observations on the Profund Bonghan Corpuscle 3
2. HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE BONGHAN CORPUSCLE 4
A. Histological Structure of the Superficial Bonghan Corpuscle . 4
B. Histological Structure of the Prcfund Bonghan Corpuscle . .
Chapter II. -M01:431.40i.OdY OF THE BONGHAN DUCT. . 8
? 1. ANATOMICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE BONGHAN DUCT.. 8
2. HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE BONGHAN DUCT. . 9
Part II
EXPERIMENTAL-PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE KYUNGRAK
SYSTEM 13
Chapter I. STUDY OF THE CIRCULATION OF THE BONGHAN
LIQUOR 13
1. CIRCULATION OF THE BONGHAN LIQUOR IN THE SUPER-
FICIAL BONGHAN DUCT 14
A. Experiments by Dosimetry of Radioactivity 14
B. Radioautographical Experiments . ? ? . ? 19
?
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/02/19:
CIA-RDP80-00247A002200090001-6
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/02/19:
CIA-RDP80-00247A002200090001-6
2. CIRCULATION OF THE BONGHAN LIQUOR IN THE PROFUND
BONGHAN DUCT 21
Chapter II. BIOELECTRICAL STUDY OF THE KYUNGRAK
SYSTEM 26
1. BIOELECTRICAL; CHANGES IN THE BONGHAN CORPUSCLE 26
2. EXCITABILITY OF THE BONGHAN CORPUSCLE AND ITS
REACTION TO VARIOUS KINDS OF STIMULI 28
3. CHARACTERISTIC FBATURES OF CONDUCTION? IN THE
KYUNGRAK SYSTEM ? ? . ? ..... ? ? 32
Part III
? ?
BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTO-CHEMICAL STUDY OF THE
KYUNGRAK SYSTEM 34
1. BIOCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE BONGHAN CORPUSCLE AND
BONGHAN DUCT 34
2. HISTO-CHEMICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE BONGHAN COR-
PUSCLE AND BONGHAN DUCT 36
3. OBSERVATIONS OF THE BONGHAN CORPUSCLE AND
BONGHAN DUCT UNDER LUMINESCENT MICROSCOPE. . . 36
GENERAL CONCLUSION 38
I. THE KYUNGRAK SYSTEM CONSISTS OF THE BONGHAN
CORPUSCLES AND THE BONGHAN DUCTS LINKING THEM 38
II. THE BONGHAN DUCT HAS TWO FORMS OF EXISTENCE. . 39
III. BONGHAN LIQUOR CIRCULATES IN THE KYUNGRAK
SYSTEM 39
IV. THE BONGHAN CORPUSCLE HAS UNIQUE BIOELECTRICAL
ACTIVITY 40
V. A LARGE QUANTITY OF NUCLEIC ACIDS, DNA IN PARTIC-
ULAR, IS CONTAINED IN THE BONGHAN CORPUSCLE AND
BONGHAN DUCT
?
?
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/02/19:
CIA-RDP80-00247A002200090001-6
41
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/02/19:
CIA-RDP80-00247A002200090001-6
Kim Bong Han, D, So, .(Biology )
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/02/19:
CIA-RDP80-00247A002200090001-6
STAT
STAT
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/02/19:
CIA-RDP80-00247A002200090001-6
a
INTRODUCTION
It is one of the most fundamental questions in biology to fully clarify
the material basis of the unity of the organism and the environment.
Modern biology considers that the unity of the activities of the or-
ganism is regulated by the functions of the nervous system and many hu-
moral factors including hormone.
Such theories have solved many questions in modern biology, but
they have failed to encompass all the mechanism providing the unity of
the activities of the organism.
Our discovery of the substance of the Kyungrak system was of great
significance in overcoming such shortcomings in modern biology. In this
connection we made public the result of our research in August 1961.
We have carried on our research into the Kyungrak system in two
main directions.
One has been the deeper study of the anatomico-histological features
and the functional features of the Kyungrak system as a specific, new
connective system of the organism and the other has been the exposition
of mechanism regulating the biochemical processes of the Kyungrak
system.
In the course of our research we have been further :convinced that a
certain new system is playing a part in the mechanism regulating the ma-
terial metabolism, the basis of the vital activities ensuring the unity of
activities of the organism.
In our view, this new system is one specifically linking and re-
gulating the processes occurring in all positions of the organism.
In the course of our research into the Kyungrak system we have re- ?
ceived boundless solicitude by Comrade- Kim Il Sung personally and the
Central Committee of the -Korean Workers' Party. We have also been
given warm support and encouragement by the scientific world and the
people at home and abroad.
This has been the source of immense inspiration in our research Work:
- 1 -
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/02/19:
CIA-RDP80-00247A002200090001-6
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/02/19:
CIA-RDP80-00247A002200090001-6
Part I
MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE
KYUNGRAK SYSTEM
Our discovery of the substance of Kyungrak has raised a new ques-
tion of principle before modern biology.
Having discovered the Kyungrak system as a new anatomico-histolo-
gical system distinct from the vascular and nervous systems, our research
staff set it as the first and foremost task in its further research systema-
tically to elucidate the general morphological features of the Kyungrak
system.
We have conducted morphological study of the Kyungrak system
through experiments on human bodies and animals applying various
anatomico-histological research methods. As a result, we have discovered
a number of new structures.
Chapter I
MORPHOLOGY OF THE BOIGHAN CORPUSCLE
I. ANATOMICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE
BONGHAN CORPUSCLE
After discovering the Bonghan corpuscles (Corpusculum Bonghan,
structures found in the Kyunghyul positions) distributed in the skin, we
have found them also deep in the organism. This confirmed that the Bong-
han corpuscles are classified into the superficial Bonghan corpuscles and
the profund Bonghan corpuscles according to their location, forms and
structure.
? 2 ?
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/02/19:
CIA-RDP80-00247A002200090001-6
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/02/19:
CIA-RDP80-00247A002200090001-6
Fig. 1. Model of Superficial Bonghan
corpuscle
1.) Hair
2.) Epidermis
3.) Radiating smooth muscle fibre
4.) Outer layer
5.) Inner substance
6.) Superficial Bonghan duct
7.) Profund Bonghan duct
8.) Skeletal muscle
STAT
Fig. 2. Superficial Bonghan
corpuscle (16X16)
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/02/19:
CIA-RDP80-00247A002200090001-6
STAT
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/02/19:
CIA-RDP80-00247A002200090001-6
?
A. Anatomical Observations on the Superficial Bonghan Corpuscle
By the vivi-staining method and by the unique external appearance
of the Kyunghyul position we could unmistakably single out the Bong-
han corpuscles and basically clarify their morphological features, The
surface of the Kyunghyul position in the living body is more lustrous
than in the non-Kyunghyul position and has a light yellowish colour and
the appearance of softness (Fig. I).
The Bonghan corpuscle located in the reticular layer of the skin in
the Kyunghyul position is an oval structure with a long diameter of
1.0-3.0 mm and a short diameter of 0.5-1.0 mm, and its long axis stands
vertical to the surface of the skin (Fig. 2).
The bottom-most part of the Bonghan corpuscle is connected with
the bundle of blood vessels and Bonghan ducts.
Comparatively large blood vessels run around the Bonghan corpus-
cle, their branches touching it.
The Bonghan corpuscle and tissues around it are loosely linked
with each other, and there is comparatively much tissue fluid in the con-
nective tissues.
The exposed Bonghan corpuscle is more transparent than the tissues
around it and is of light yellow colour. When it is dissected, semi-trans-
parent, semi-fluid, tacky Bonghan liquor flows out of it.
B. Anatomical Observations on the Profund Bonghan Corpuscle
It has been established that profund Bonghan corpuscles are located
deep in the subcutaneous tissues, in and around the blood and lymphatic
vessels and around the internal organs and that they are connected with
the superficial Bonghan corpuscles and internal organs by the Bonghan
ducts.
The profund Bonghan corpuscle ?is a long fusiform one (cucumber-
shape) with blunt ends or an oval form. It measures 3.0-7.0 mm in long
diameter and 0.5-1.0 mm in short diameter.
Both ends of the Bonghan corpuscle are connected with the Bonghan
duct.
The profund Bonghan corpuscle looks more compact than the suf.,
rounding tissues and has a light yellow colour ,and a comparatively dis-
tinctive features.
Hosts of capillary nets are interwoven around the Bonghan corpuscle.
? 3 ?
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/02/19:
CIA-RDP80-00247A002200090001-6
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/02/19:
CIA-RDP80-00247A002200090001-6
2. HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE
BONGHAN CORPUSCLE
The Bonghan corpuscle is not only an anatomical structure with a
distinct boundary but has a very special histological structure hitherto
unknown.
The superficial and profund Bonghan corpuscles are similar to each
other hi that both are linked with the Bonghan ducts and are formed of
specific cells, but they have a number of different points in structure.
A. Histological Structure of the Superficial Bonghan Corpuscle
The superficial Bonghan corpuscle comprises the outer layer made
up of smooth muscle and the inner substance made lip of special cellular
elements and many capillary nets (Fig. 3).
The outer layer made up of thick smooth muscle layer can be sub-
divided into outer circulating layer and inner longitudinal layer accord-
ing to the direction the muscle fibre runs (Fig. 4).
At the top of the superficial Bonghan corpuscle, the smooth muscle
fibres spread out in the connective tissues around them, towards the layer
of the epidermis (Fig. 5).
The outer circulating layer is a thin smooth muscle fibre layer sur-
rounding the Bonghan corpuscle. It can be distinctly observed in the fresh
specimen that exposes the Bonghan corpuscle (Fig. 2).
The smooth muscle fibres in the outer circulating layer are loosely
linked up with the connective tissues around them.
The inner longitudinal layer is a thick smooth muscle layer, its fibres
running parallel with the long axis of the Bonghan corpuscle.
Of these fibres the muscle fibres abutting on the inner substance run
obliquely up to the region bordering on the inner substance and there
they all end together. Therefore their border is distinct.
The thickness .of the inner longitudinal layer is not uniform; one part
is thicker than the other (Fig. 6).
We observed a peculiar phenomenon when we applied a needle to the
centre of the superficial Bonghan corpuscle from the surface of the skin.
The needle slowly makes a conical movement, subtly trembling, an.d at
times it moves vertically to the surface of the skin.
This serves to show the characteristic feature of the movement of the
Bonghan corpuscle. This phenomenon is named "Kim Se Wook pheno-
menon" (Phenomenon Kim Sc Uc) after its discoverer.
The outer layer becomes gradually thinner as it reaches the bottom
of the. Bonghan corpuscle; the space between the muscle fibres grows
? 4 ?
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/02/19:
CIA-RDP80-00247A002200090001-6
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/02/19: CIA-RDP80-00247A002200090001-6
h ? le
' ?
4,???? ;1'4
kei
t ? :10. '..."11
j?.kig?-f ,;
!a...VV.( Ole:
r c:Itetallano.
? 'AIR
. ?,
???
is*
. .
.rsty:
?.
? ? ',?4
'`? 41????
? 116.:14?6?' et.
?0;??? 3t;611
? 'AA.,Xa ,V ?*a "V?1,7400.
',frst *". ??4 4
i'ei.1:1ABA: ?
f
,
; ???????'
" .
'
44,0
..? 4 el ?
kir.A *
.41. ?
4 tt'? ?? :17
?
?
1.1)4
41%
.? ,; .'
, 1 ,,?
ii? -
? 0- ..;-.
u a
-? q?P ? ke?0.-1116- ,
f.f".:
0ta.?
-
--y6
i,.
,,,
: . ? 0,- .
? Cw
. , r ..-
i?. ? -6.
\ ? -
?
? ** , ,* .' -):* lo64 - ? ? .:
? .,.., . ,'. 1.:. tlt t -t..? .r. .
t .
- ? k- ? s
. ? .-.,.... ? or% ? -.
...?,..r. . e!....s? -1! .
- -.: :. .. %,,??.?? 0 .4; 6
t? ??,..? v. 4 4 at S . . 1 ....
?

? V. ?
N - .
0.. ? .4 ,361 ;?
? - 711
W 4',
.76 ? 'ilk; _
? ? . ***1? ??? .._. lift : , 4,
? . Ir -I. p
?? '" : ??? A? ,"' ? .,?; 41Ir
I :;. ^-f--4,.' - air -'s I. 6 ?
, 2i....... . A _y .4. ..-??
,tli '%e ?,f, ,..2?
.i '4it:%?? Y, ) it-
_ ?
..
Radiating smooth muscle fibre
Outer circulating layer
Inner longitudinal layer
Inner substance
- Bonghan duct-blood vessel bundle
Elastic fibre
;:.,,
?
P.N. , -...
1' ,,-----
c:*W.:
, i 'IT ?/ ..? -? i AI.- ?,....-1.
* ??
i ? ". li., , s'....,
. I. 1
-1
'.1.' s'
,.. i . , ? , .
.. . ,..,. . .0 ? ? ...-.'V
. _ Ili 10
-4%?,.
?. ?
I. IL
?
i?
?? ?
' ?t ?
" et;,. -
,
?
?
" ?????
, ?
Fig. 3. Longitudinal section of superficial
Bonghan corpuscle (16X6.3)
Epidermis
Radiating
smooth muscle
fibre
Outer circulat-
ing layer
, Inner longitu-
dinal layer
Inner substance
Bonghan duct-
blood vessel
bundle
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/02/19: CIA-RDP80-00247A002200090001-6
S
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/02/19: CIA-RDP80-00247A002200090001-6
-
,
STAT
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/02/19: CIA-RDP80-00247A002200090001-6
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/02/19:
CIA-RDP80-00247A002200090001-6
Smooth muscle
fibre of outer
circulating layer
?
Fig. 4. Outer. layer of superficial Bonghan
corpuscle (longitudinal section) (16X16)
Fig. 5. Radiating smooth muscle fibre
(cross section) on the upper part of
superficial Bonghan corpuscle (16X16)
I Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/02/19 :
ICIA-RDP80-00247A002200090001-6
Smooth muscle
fibre of inner
longitudinal
layer
STAT
STAT
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/02/19:
CIA-RDP80-00247A002200090001-6
Thin outer
smooth muscle
fibre layer
?
?
- Inner substance
Fig. 6. Cross. section of superfici-
al I3onghan ? corpuscle (16 X 6.3)
Fig. 7. Argyrophile fibre inside
the superficial BOnghan corpuscle
(16 X 16)
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/02/19:
CIA-RDP80-00247A002200090001-6
Thick outer
smooth muscle
fibre layer
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/02/19:
CIA-RDP80-00247A002200090001-6
Outer smooth
muscle fibre
-
.5
*
-drzz, 4.1 .14
P9 ? C):
C s
A
tikru ?21,
i
\ii-- t y
Lt? - ro.: 1,7.1,j -6.'4' '-%? sa
,1% (3,.... kis,
eat74,7... ,-,,--,b,. 5), ,.# ,: -:. Y. 4 lt t'ci
-7 ' tia,?--P A fr, I t`e,
(
item ,t1.4 t. vs ,
ir s . tr"--,v.:11?'-'4'F- ' ' 1 L . 4 The tissue
I....? ' ill:- 4;4.'44
It.P.A.4/4 1 r 1-...--,t containing fibril
-., -
-v -4
44 'frz. r.
r r 4
'45
);:i; /J'
,
A.Isi. ', '4 11:3 ?-
Chromaffin cells
Fig. 8. Inner substance of superfi-
cial Bonghan corpuscle (16X 16)
J`+'
r** * ?
? . ...,
... r 7, .,.. - - . - --
--.
? . -
., .?,? ,...- :44-
,14,,,, -,,,;.-;:r
,.
L'..* ...
,
. , l?'
? ....4 - ' .
--.;, ,.? .
..' OX 1
1
'
? ..,
. ' .4 i
'.117
irr-k'''
7"7A4:1.4?,r, ;',.;:,)
;de ? 44.
,..ri r . -,,,,../: .
. 1tr, '',. . ...0
? i? ???.74"I':,41..4 ,..1?? ' ;,-it.,:to ',....4"
. ''''k .4.."'", -'''77.-.
?